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Yang C, Ma Y, Yao M, Jiang Q, Xue J. Causal relationships between blood metabolites and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383035. [PMID: 38752182 PMCID: PMC11094203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, severely affecting patients' vision and even leading to blindness. The development of DR is influenced by metabolic disturbance and genetic factors, including gene polymorphisms. The research aimed to uncover the causal relationships between blood metabolites and DR. Methods The two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to estimate the causality of blood metabolites on DR. The genetic variables for exposure were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 486 blood metabolites, while the genetic predictors for outcomes including all-stage DR (All DR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) were derived from the FinnGen database. The primary analysis employed inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and supplementary analyses were performed using MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), simple mode and weighted mode methods. Additionally, MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were also conducted to guarantee the accuracy and robustness of the results. Subsequently, we replicated the MR analysis using three additional datasets from the FinnGen database and conducted a meta-analysis to determine blood metabolites associated with DR. Finally, reverse MR analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were performed. Results The study identified 13 blood metabolites associated with All DR, 9 blood metabolites associated with NPDR and 12 blood metabolites associated with PDR. In summary, a total of 21 blood metabolites were identified as having potential causal relationships with DR. Additionally, we identified 4 metabolic pathways that are related to DR. Conclusion The research revealed a number of blood metabolites and metabolic pathways that are causally associated with DR, which holds significant importance for screening and prevention of DR. However, it is noteworthy that these causal relationships should be validated in larger cohorts and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchao Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudi Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinsong Xue
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Zhang C, Gu L, Xie H, Liu Y, Huang P, Zhang J, Luo D, Zhang J. Glucose transport, transporters and metabolism in diabetic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166995. [PMID: 38142757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common reason for blindness in working-age individuals globally. Prolonged high blood glucose is a main causative factor for DR development, and glucose transport is prerequisite for the disturbances in DR caused by hyperglycemia. Glucose transport is mediated by its transporters, including the facilitated transporters (glucose transporter, GLUTs), the "active" glucose transporters (sodium-dependent glucose transporters, SGLTs), and the SLC50 family of uniporters (sugars will eventually be exported transporters, SWEETs). Glucose transport across the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is crucial for nourishing the neuronal retina in the context of retinal physiology. This physiological process primarily relies on GLUTs and SGLTs, which mediate the glucose transportation across both the cell membrane of retinal capillary endothelial cells and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Under diabetic conditions, increased accumulation of extracellular glucose enhances the retinal cellular glucose uptake and metabolism via both glycolysis and glycolytic side branches, which activates several biochemical pathways, including the protein kinase C (PKC), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), polyol pathway and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). These activated biochemical pathways further increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and activation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The activated PARP further affects all the cellular components in the retina, and finally resulting in microangiopathy, neurodegeneration and low-to-moderate grade inflammation in DR. This review aims to discuss the changes of glucose transport, glucose transporters, as well as its metabolism in DR, which influences the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) and implies the possible therapeutic strategies for treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Limin Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peirong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Jun JH, Kim JS, Palomera LF, Jo DG. Dysregulation of histone deacetylases in ocular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:20-39. [PMID: 38151648 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases are a growing global concern and have a significant impact on the quality of life. Cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy are the most prevalent ocular diseases. Their prevalence and the global market size are also increasing. However, the available pharmacotherapy is currently limited. These diseases share common pathophysiological features, including neovascularization, inflammation, and/or neurodegeneration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histone and nonhistone proteins. HDACs are crucial for regulating various cellular processes, such as gene expression, protein stability, localization, and function. They have also been studied in various research fields, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, and vascular diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HDACs and ocular diseases, to identify a new strategy for pharmacotherapy. This review article explores the role of HDACs in ocular diseases, specifically focusing on diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity, as well as optic nerve disorders, such as glaucoma and optic neuropathy. Additionally, we explore the interplay between HDACs and key regulators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, such as TGF-β and VEGF, highlighting the potential of targeting HDAC as novel therapeutic strategies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Jun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, CKD Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, 16995, Korea
| | - Jun-Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Leon F Palomera
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Atacak A, Baltaci SB, Akgun-Unal N, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Melatonin protects retinal tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced aged rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105035. [PMID: 37075585 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how melatonin administration affects retinal oxidative damage and retinal SIRT1 gene activation in diabetic elderly female rat model. METHODS 16-months-old female rats were used in the study. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups in equal numbers: Group 1. Control, Group 2. Control + Melatonin, Group 3. Diabetes, Group 4. Diabetes + Melatonin. In group 3 and 4 rats, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. Groups 2 and 4 were given ip melatonin for 4 weeks. SIRT-1 gene expression was determined by PCR method and GSH and MDA levels by ELISA in retinal tissue samples taken from animals sacrificed under general anesthesia. RESULTS In our study, the highest retinal SIRT1 expression values were obtained in the diabetes + melatonin (G4) group. The retinal SIRT1 expression values of the diabetes group (G3) were lower than group 4 and higher than the general control (G1) and control + melatonin (G2) groups. Again in our study, the highest retinal MDA values were obtained in the diabetes group (G3). The highest retinal GSH values were obtained in the Diabetes + melatonin group (G4). CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that melatonin supplementation has a protective effect on retinal tissue in a diabetic elderly female rat model. This protective effect of melatonin supplementation occurs by increasing both retinal antioxidant activity and retinal SIRT1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Atacak
- Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Nilufer Akgun-Unal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Veysari SK, Asghari M, Farshad F, Hodjat M. Epigenetic changes underlie the association between diabetes mellitus and oral diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6987-6996. [PMID: 37378745 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer from oral complications related to oral infections, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions. Emerging evidence has revealed the contribution of the epigenetic process as the underlying mechanism of DM complications. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are epigenetic regulators that directly affect gene expression. The present review elaborated on the role of epigenetic dysregulation in the etiology of diabetes-related periodontal and endodontic diseases. The narrative review study was prepared using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. The formation of glycation products as a result of hyperglycemic condition increases oxidative stress, and elevates chronic inflammatory mediators that could in turn adversely change the cellular environment and alter the epigenetic status. This process contributes to the alteration of regulatory genes expression, leading to the development of diabetes-induced bone complications and impaired odontogenic capacity of pulp. Indeed, epigenetic mechanisms mediate the interaction between gene expression and DM cellular environment. Further investigations on epigenetic factors involved in DM oral complications may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Kazemi Veysari
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mona Asghari
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshad
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
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Liu DD, Zhang CY, Zhang JT, Gu LM, Xu GT, Zhang JF. Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1441-1449. [PMID: 36571340 PMCID: PMC10075108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated. The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression. In this review, we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Min Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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7
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Alka K, Kumar J, Kowluru RA. Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and removal of the damaged mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160155. [PMID: 37415667 PMCID: PMC10320727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dynamic plays a major role in their quality control, and the damaged mitochondrial components are removed by autophagy. In diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial fusion enzyme, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), is downregulated and mitochondrial dynamic is disturbed resulting in depolarized and dysfunctional mitochondria. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of Mfn2, and its role in the removal of the damaged mitochondria, in diabetic retinopathy. Methods Using human retinal endothelial cells, effect of high glucose (20mM) on the GTPase activity of Mfn2 and its acetylation were determined. Role of Mfn2 in the removal of the damaged mitochondria was confirmed by regulating its acetylation, or by Mfn2 overexpression, on autophagosomes- autolysosomes formation and the mitophagy flux. Results High glucose inhibited GTPase activity and increased acetylation of Mfn2. Inhibition of acetylation, or Mfn2 overexpression, attenuated decrease in GTPase activity and mitochondrial fragmentation, and increased the removal of the damaged mitochondria. Similar phenomenon was observed in diabetic mice; overexpression of sirtuin 1 (a deacetylase) ameliorated diabetes-induced inhibition of retinal Mfn2 and facilitated the removal of the damaged mitochondria. Conclusions Acetylation of Mfn2 has dual roles in mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy, it inhibits GTPase activity of Mfn2 and increases mitochondrial fragmentation, and also impairs removal of the damaged mitochondria. Thus, protecting Mfn2 activity should maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibit the development/progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Vieira CP, Asare-Bediako B, Li Calzi S, DuPont M, Floyd J, Boye S, Chiodo V, Busik JV, Grant MB. Intravitreal Administration of AAV2-SIRT1 Reverses Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37070938 PMCID: PMC10123324 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of silent information regulator (SIRT) 1 is reduced in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Previous studies showed that alterations in SIRT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression are implicated in progressive inflammation and formation of retinal acellular capillaries. Treatment with the SIRT1 agonist, SRT1720, improved visual response by restoration of a- and b-wave responses on electroretinogram scotopic measurements in diabetic (db/db) mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of intravitreal SIRT1 delivery on diabetic retinal pathology. Methods Nine-month-old db/db mice received one intravitreal injection of either AAV2-SIRT1 or AAV2-GFP control virus, and after 3 months, electroretinography and optomotor responses were measured. Their eyes were then removed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels were increased following AAV2-SIRT1 administration compared to control virus AAV2-GFP injected mice. IBA1+ and caspase 3 expression were decreased in retinas of db/db mice injected with AAV2-SIRT1, and reductions in scotopic a- and b-waves and high spatial frequency in optokinetic response were prevented. Retinal hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels were reduced in the AAV2-SIRT1-injected mice compared to control-injected mice. Using flow cytometry to assess changes in intracellular HIF-1α levels, endothelial cells (CD31+) from AAV-2 SIRT1 injected mice demonstrated reduced HIF-1α expression compared to db/db mice injected with the control virus. Conclusions Intravitreal AAV2-SIRT1 delivery increased retina SIRT1 and transduced neural and endothelial cells, thus reversing functional damage and improving overall visual function. Translational Relevance AAV2-SIRT1 gene therapy represents a beneficial approach for the treatment of chronic retinal conditions such as DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cristiano P. Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bright Asare-Bediako
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariana DuPont
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sanford Boye
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vince Chiodo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Lin R, Yu J. The role of NAD + metabolism in macrophages in age-related macular degeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 209:111755. [PMID: 36435209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) in people older than 50 years. It is classified in various stages including early, intermediate, and late stage. In the early stages, innate immune system, especially macrophages, play an essential part in disease onset and progression. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme involved in cellular senescence and immune cell function, and its role in age-related diseases is gaining increasing attention. The imbalance between the NAD+ synthesis and consumption causes the fluctuation of intracellular NAD+ level which determines the polarization fate of macrophages. In AMD, the over-expression of NAD+-consuming enzymes in macrophages leads to declining of NAD+ concentrations in the microenvironment. This phenomenon triggers the activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages, positive feedback aggregation of inflammatory cells and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review details the role of NAD+ metabolism in macrophages and molecular mechanisms during AMD. The selected pathways were identified as potential targets for intervention in AMD, pending further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bengbu Third People's Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, China.
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10
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Cai C, Meng C, He S, Gu C, Lhamo T, Draga D, Luo D, Qiu Q. DNA methylation in diabetic retinopathy: pathogenetic role and potential therapeutic targets. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:186. [DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific neuron-vascular complication of diabetes, is a major cause of vision loss among middle-aged people worldwide, and the number of DR patients will increase with the increasing incidence of diabetes. At present, it is limited in difficult detection in the early stages, limited treatment and unsatisfactory treatment effects in the advanced stages.
Main body
The pathogenesis of DR is complicated and involves epigenetic modifications, oxidative stress, inflammation and neovascularization. These factors influence each other and jointly promote the development of DR. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification, which has been a key role in the regulation of gene expression and the occurrence and development of DR. Thus, this review investigates the relationship between DNA methylation and other complex pathological processes in the development of DR. From the perspective of DNA methylation, this review provides basic insights into potential biomarkers for diagnosis, preventable risk factors, and novel targets for treatment.
Conclusion
DNA methylation plays an indispensable role in DR and may serve as a prospective biomarker of this blinding disease in its relatively early stages. In combination with inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases can be a potential approach to delay or even prevent patients from getting advanced stages of DR.
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11
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Wu Y, Zou H. Research Progress on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2250. [PMID: 36421435 PMCID: PMC9686704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to blindness in severe cases. Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells, which participate in metabolism and signal transduction, and regulate cell growth, differentiation, aging, and death. Metabolic changes of retinal cells and epigenetic changes of mitochondria-related genes under high glucose can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and induce mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. In addition, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics also change adaptively. These mechanisms may be related to the occurrence and progression of DR, and also provide valuable clues for the prevention and treatment of DR. This article reviews the mechanism of DR induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, and the prospects for related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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12
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Beegum F, P V A, George KT, K P D, Begum F, Krishnadas N, Shenoy RR. Sirtuins as therapeutic targets for improving delayed wound healing in diabetes. J Drug Target 2022; 30:911-926. [PMID: 35787722 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2085729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a vast family of histone deacetylases, which are NAD+ dependent enzymes, consisting of seven members, namely SIRT 1, SIRT 6 and SIRT 7 located within the nucleus, SIRT 2 in the cytoplasm and SIRT 3, SIRT 4, and SIRT 5 in the mitochondria. They have vital roles in regulating various biological functions such as age-related metabolic disorders, inflammation, stress response, cardiovascular and neuronal functions. Delayed wound healing is one of the complication of diabetes, which can lead to lower limb amputation if not treated timely. SIRT 1, 3 and 6 are potent targets for diabetic wound healing. SIRT 1 deficiency reduces recruitment of fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils to wound site and delays wound healing; negatively expressing MMP-9. The SIRT 1 mediated signalling pathway in diabetic wound healing is the SIRT 1-foxo-C-Myc pathway. On the contrary SIRT 3 deficiency, impairs proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and SIRT 6 deficiency impairs wound closure rate and interrupts the vascular remodelling. This review focuses on the role of sirtuins in improving delayed wound healing in diabetes and its natural modulators with their specific functions towards healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuranjana P V
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya K P
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Farmiza Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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13
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Takkar B, Sheemar A, Jayasudha R, Soni D, Narayanan R, Venkatesh P, Shivaji S, Das T. Unconventional avenues to decelerated diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1574-1592. [PMID: 35803389 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), causing significant visual impairment worldwide. Current gold standards for retarding the progress of DR include blood sugar control and regular fundus screening. Despite these measures, the incidence and prevalence of DR and vision-threatening DR remain high. Given its slowly progressive course and long latent period, opportunities to contain or slow DR before it threatens vision must be explored. This narrative review assesses the recently described unconventional strategies to retard DR progression. These include gut-ocular flow, gene therapy, mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress, stem cell therapeutics, neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory treatments, lifestyle modification, and usage of phytochemicals. These therapies impact DR directly, while some of them also influence DM control. Most of these strategies are currently in the preclinical stage, and clinical evidence remains low. Nevertheless, our review suggests that these approaches have the potential for human use to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Takkar
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Abhishek Sheemar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Deepak Soni
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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14
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Ünal A, Baykal O, Öztürk N. Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 14 levels in vitreous samples in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a case control study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2022; 8:44. [PMID: 35729613 PMCID: PMC9210686 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MMP-9 plays a prominent role in inflammation and MMP-14 take part in angiogenesis. The objective of this study is to compare MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods The patients who scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy were included in our study. Patients are divided into 2 groups: the diabetic group and non-diabetic group. Age, gender, intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity (VA) were reported. Color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optic coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before and after the operation. MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels in vitreous samples were analyzed with a reader device by ELISA method. Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regressions were used in statistical analysis, p < 0.05 accepted as statistically significant. Results 70 eyes of 70 patients who received pars plana vitrectomy were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups: 34 patients in the diabetic group, 36 patients in the non-diabetic group. The average age of diabetic patients was 60.14 ± 10.20, and non-diabetic patients was 64.22 ± 11.16, respectively. The average MMP-9 (0.67 ± 0.66 ng/ml) and MMP-14 (0.16 ± 0.45 ng/ml) values in the diabetic group were significantly higher than the average MMP-9 (0.21 ± 0.05 ng/ml) and MMP-14 (and 0.07 ± 0.02 ng/ml) values in the non-diabetic group (P < 0.01). Also, it was observed that MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels increases as the diabetic disease duration increases. The risk of diabetes incidence increased with high levels of MMP-9 and MMP-14. Conclusion Due to the higher levels of MMP-9 and MMP-14 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, these proteins may probably be among the therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ünal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Artvin State Hospital, Atatürk University, Çarşı District, Hospital Street, No:5, 08000, Artvin, Turkey.
| | - O Baykal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - N Öztürk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Feng J, Zhang S, Li W, Bai T, Liu Y, Chang X. Intermittent Fasting to the Eye: A New Dimension Involved in Physiological and Pathological Changes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:867624. [PMID: 35685418 PMCID: PMC9171076 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity as a therapeutic dietary strategy that regulates metabolism and can alter the development of metabolic disorders. An increasing amount of research has connected ocular diseases to IF and discovered that it has a direct and indirect effect on the eye’s physiological structure and pathological alterations. This article summarizes the progress of research on IF in regulating the physiological structures of the ocular vasculature, the anterior segment of the eye, the retina, and the choroid. We explored the therapeutic potential of IF for various common ocular diseases. In the future, a comprehensive study into the fundamental processes of IF will provide a direct and rigorous approach to eye disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijiao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenning Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianle Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Caban M, Owczarek K, Lewandowska U. The Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors on Ocular Diseases: Focusing on Potential Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084256. [PMID: 35457074 PMCID: PMC9026850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases are associated with visual impairment, reduced quality of life, and may even lead to vision loss. The efficacy of available treatment of eye diseases is not satisfactory. The unique environment of the eye related to anatomical and physiological barriers and constraints limits the bioavailability of existing agents. In turn, complex ethiopathogenesis of ocular disorders that used drugs generally are non-disease specific and do not act causally. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a new therapeutic and preventive approach. It seems that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have a significant role in the development and progression of eye diseases and could be used in the therapy of these disorders as pharmacological targets. MMPs and TIMPs play an important role in the angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and migration, which occur in ocular diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the participation of MMPs and TIMPs in the eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and ocular cancers, posterior capsule opacification focusing on potential mechanisms.
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17
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Suzuki M, Cooksley C, Suzuki T, Ramezanpour M, Nakazono A, Nakamaru Y, Homma A, Vreugde S. TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:780425. [PMID: 35387020 PMCID: PMC8974762 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.780425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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18
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Taurone S, De Ponte C, Rotili D, De Santis E, Mai A, Fiorentino F, Scarpa S, Artico M, Micera A. Biochemical Functions and Clinical Characterizations of the Sirtuins in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074048. [PMID: 35409409 PMCID: PMC8999941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is undoubtedly one of the most prominent causes of blindness worldwide. This pathology is the most frequent microvascular complication arising from diabetes, and its incidence is increasing at a constant pace. To date, the insurgence of DR is thought to be the consequence of the intricate complex of relations connecting inflammation, the generation of free oxygen species, and the consequent oxidative stress determined by protracted hyperglycemia. The sirtuin (SIRT) family comprises 7 histone and non-histone protein deacetylases and mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases regulating different processes, including metabolism, senescence, DNA maintenance, and cell cycle regulation. These enzymes are involved in the development of various diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular pathologies, metabolic disorders, and cancer. SIRT1, 3, 5, and 6 are key enzymes in DR since they modulate glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Currently, indirect and direct activators of SIRTs (such as antagomir, glycyrrhizin, and resveratrol) are being developed to modulate the inflammation response arising during DR. In this review, we aim to illustrate the most important inflammatory and metabolic pathways connecting SIRT activity to DR, and to describe the most relevant SIRT activators that might be proposed as new therapeutics to treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Taurone
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-85-356-727; Fax: +39-06-84-242-333
| | - Chiara De Ponte
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.A.)
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19
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de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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20
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Little K, Llorián-Salvador M, Scullion S, Hernández C, Simó-Servat O, Del Marco A, Bosma E, Vargas-Soria M, Carranza-Naval MJ, Van Bergen T, Galbiati S, Viganò I, Musi CA, Schlingemann R, Feyen J, Borsello T, Zerbini G, Klaassen I, Garcia-Alloza M, Simó R, Stitt AW. Common pathways in dementia and diabetic retinopathy: understanding the mechanisms of diabetes-related cognitive decline. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:50-71. [PMID: 34794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline, and T2D patients have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both DR and AD are characterized by a number of pathological mechanisms that coalesce around the neurovascular unit, including neuroinflammation and degeneration, vascular degeneration, and glial activation. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance also play a significant role, leading to activation of pathological mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Understanding these common pathways and the degree to which they occur simultaneously in the brain and retina during diabetes will provide avenues to identify T2D patients at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis Little
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - María Llorián-Salvador
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah Scullion
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Bosma
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Galbiati
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Alice Musi
- Università Degli Studi di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Reiner Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziana Borsello
- Università Degli Studi di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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21
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Kowluru RA, Mohammad G. Epigenetic modifications in diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 126:154920. [PMID: 34715117 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is now considered as a 'silent epidemic' that claims over four million lives every year, and the disease knows no socioeconomic boundaries. Despite extensive efforts by the National and International organizations, and cutting-edge research, about 11% world's population is expected to suffer from diabetes (and its complications) by year 2045. This life-long disease damages both the microvasculature and the macrovasculature of the body, and affects many metabolic and molecular pathways, altering the expression of many genes. Recent research has shown that external factors, such as environmental factors, lifestyle and pollutants can also regulate gene expression, and contribute in the disease development and progression. Many epigenetic modifications are implicated in the development of micro- and macro- vascular complications including DNA methylation and histone modifications of several genes implicated in their development. Furthermore, several noncoding RNAs, such as micro RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are also altered, affecting many biochemical pathways. Epigenetic modifications, however, have the advantage that they could be passed to the next generation, or can be erased. They are now being explored as therapeutical target(s) in the cancer field, which opens up the possibility to use them for treating diabetes and preventing/slowing down its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA.
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA
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22
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Polyphenols and Posterior Segment Eye Diseases: Effects on Angiogenesis, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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23
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Gut microbiota: A potential therapeutic target for management of diabetic retinopathy? Life Sci 2021; 286:120060. [PMID: 34666038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), drastically impacting individuals of working age over the years, being one of the main causes of blindness in the world. The existing therapies for its treatment consist of measures that aim only to alleviate the existing clinical signs, associated with the microvasculature. These treatments are limited only to the advanced stages and not to the preclinical ones. In response to a treatment with little resolution and limited for many patients with DM, investigations of alternative therapies that make possible the improvement of the glycemic parameters and the quality of life of subjects with DR, become extremely necessary. Recent evidence has shown that deregulation of the microbiota (dysbiosis) can lead to low-grade, local and systemic inflammation, directly impacting the development of DM and its microvascular complications, including DR, in an axis called the intestine-retina. In this regard, the present review seeks to comprehensively describe the biochemical pathways involved in DR as well as the association of the modulation of these mechanisms by the intestinal microbiota, since direct changes in the microbiota can have a drastic impact on various physiological processes. Finally, emphasize the strong potential for modulation of the gut-retina axis, as therapeutic and prophylactic target for the treatment of DR.
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24
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Valle MS, Russo C, Malaguarnera L. Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3447. [PMID: 33760363 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic retina contributes in modifying cellular signalling and leads to retinal cell damage and finally to the development of DR pathogenesis. In the last few decades, it has been reported that vitamin D is involved in DR pathogenesis. Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient crucial in bone metabolism, has also been proven to be a very effective antioxidant. It has been demonstrated that it modulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, as well as several pathways including protein kinase C, the polyol pathway leading to the reduction of free radical formation. It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, preventing the inflammatory response, acting as an immunomodulator, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D protects the eye from oxidative stress, in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of free radicals in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Valle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Apelin-13 attenuates injury following ischemic stroke by targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), endothelin- B receptor, occludin/claudin-5 and oxidative stress. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102015. [PMID: 34454018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an adverse consequence of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), activates matrix metalloproteinase enzymes which cause to destruction of extracellular matrix and tight junction proteins. Oxidative stress during stroke increases serum endothelin-1 and endothelin B receptor (ETBR) expression. Apelin-13, an endogenous peptide, is expressed in numerous tissues that regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) injection of apelin-13 on cerebral vasogenic edema due to brain IRI. Animals were divided into sham, ischemia, and treat groups. IRI model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min followed by 23 h reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected into the tail vein 5 min before reperfusion. Neurological defects were evaluated with longa test. Brain water content and BBB permeability were assessed according to cerebral dry-wet weight and brain Evans blue extraction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured using the colorimetric method. Expression of occludin and claudin-5, matrix metalloproteinase- 2 and 9 (MMP-2 & 9) and, ETBR were evaluated using Western blot. Brain IRI was associated with BBB breakdowns and vasogenic edema. Apelin-13 significantly reduced BBB permeability and vasogenic edema. Apelin-13 significantly attenuated IRI-related oxidative stress. Apelin-13 decreased expression of mmp-2, 9 and ETBR, prevented from decrement of occludin and claudin-5 expersion, which protected BBB integrity and reduced vasogenic edema. In conclusion, our results have suggested that an IV injection of apelin-13 could somehow reduce vasogenic edema via targeting oxidative stress and ETBR expression.
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Wang H, Su X, Zhang QQ, Zhang YY, Chu ZY, Zhang JL, Ren Q. MicroRNA-93-5p participates in type 2 diabetic retinopathy through targeting Sirt1. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3837-3848. [PMID: 34313929 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR-93-5p in rats with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) through targeting Sirt1. METHODS The targeting correlation between miR-93-5p and Sirt1 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models were received intravitreal injection of antagomir NC (negative control), miR-93-5p antagomir, miR-93-5p agomir and/or recombinant Sirt1, followed by observation of pathological changes in retina via HE staining. Besides, retinal vascular permeability was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA), while the retinal vasculature was observed through retinal trypsin digestion. Expression of miR-93-5p and Sirt1 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, while the levels of VEGF, proinflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative indicators were determined using corresponding kits. RESULTS MiR-93-5p could target Sirt1 as analyzed by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Rats in the T2DM group presented the up-regulation of miR-93-5p and down-regulation of Sirt1 in the retina, and miR-93-5p inhibition could up-regulate Sirt1 expression in the T2DM rats. Recombinant Sirt1 decreased retinal vascular permeability and acellular capillaries with improved pathological changes in retina from T2DM rats, which was abolished by miR-93-5p agomir. Moreover, miR-93-5p inhibition or Sirt1 overexpression decreased the levels of VEGF and proinflammatory cytokines while enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative indicators. However, indicators above had no significant differences between T2DM group and T2DM + agomir + Sirt1 group. CONCLUSION MiR-93-5p, via targeting Sirt1, could affect the vascular permeability and acellular capillaries and mitigate the inflammation and oxidative stress in the retinas, which may play a critical role in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xian Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhan-Ya Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin-Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China.
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Hammer SS, Vieira CP, McFarland D, Sandler M, Levitsky Y, Dorweiler TF, Lydic TA, Asare-Bediako B, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Sielski MS, Dupont M, Longhini AL, Li Calzi S, Chakraborty D, Seigel GM, Proshlyakov DA, Grant MB, Busik JV. Fasting and fasting-mimicking treatment activate SIRT1/LXRα and alleviate diabetes-induced systemic and microvascular dysfunction. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1674-1689. [PMID: 33770194 PMCID: PMC8236268 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Homo sapiens evolved under conditions of intermittent food availability and prolonged fasting between meals. Periods of fasting are important for recovery from meal-induced oxidative and metabolic stress, and tissue repair. Constant high energy-density food availability in present-day society contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including diabetes and its complications, with intermittent fasting (IF) and energy restriction shown to improve metabolic health. We have previously demonstrated that IF prevents the development of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db); however the mechanisms of fasting-induced health benefits and fasting-induced risks for individuals with diabetes remain largely unknown. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nutrient-sensing deacetylase, is downregulated in diabetes. In this study, the effect of SIRT1 stimulation by IF, fasting-mimicking cell culture conditions (FMC) or pharmacological treatment using SRT1720 was evaluated on systemic and retinal metabolism, systemic and retinal inflammation and vascular and bone marrow damage. METHODS The effects of IF were modelled in vivo using db/db mice and in vitro using bovine retinal endothelial cells or rat retinal neuroglial/precursor R28 cell line serum starved for 24 h. mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). SIRT1 activity was measured via histone deacetylase activity assay. NR1H3 (also known as liver X receptor alpha [LXRα]) acetylation was measured via western blot analysis. RESULTS IF increased Sirt1 mRNA expression in mouse liver and retina when compared with non-fasted animals. IF also increased SIRT1 activity eightfold in mouse retina while FMC increased SIRT1 activity and expression in retinal endothelial cells when compared with control. Sirt1 expression was also increased twofold in neuronal retina progenitor cells (R28) after FMC treatment. Moreover, FMC led to SIRT1-mediated LXRα deacetylation and subsequent 2.4-fold increase in activity, as measured by increased mRNA expression of the genes encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter (Abca1 and Abcg1). These changes were reduced when retinal endothelial cells expressing a constitutively acetylated LXRα mutant were tested. Increased SIRT1/LXR/ABC-mediated cholesterol export resulted in decreased retinal endothelial cell cholesterol levels. Direct activation of SIRT1 by SRT1720 in db/db mice led to a twofold reduction of diabetes-induced inflammation in the retina and improved diabetes-induced visual function impairment, as measured by electroretinogram and optokinetic response. In the bone marrow, there was prevention of diabetes-induced myeloidosis and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, activation of SIRT1 signalling by IF or through pharmacological activation represents an effective therapeutic strategy that provides a mechanistic link between the advantageous effects associated with fasting regimens and prevention of microvascular and bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiano P Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Delaney McFarland
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maximilian Sandler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yan Levitsky
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tim F Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bright Asare-Bediako
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Micheli S Sielski
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariana Dupont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ana Leda Longhini
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gail M Seigel
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Denis A Proshlyakov
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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Wang Q, Song F, Dong J, Qiao L. Transient exposure to elevated glucose levels causes persistent changes in dermal microvascular endothelial cell responses to injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:758. [PMID: 34268371 PMCID: PMC8246238 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated glucose can induce a dermal microvascular endothelial cell metabolic memory, thus affecting angiogenesis in the repair process of mammalian cutaneous wound. We hypothesized that transient elevated glucose levels cause sustained alteration of endothelial cell responses to injury and persistent epigenetic changes in gene expression. Methods Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to experimental conditions with or without 30 mM D-glucose. The control group was maintained at 5 mM D-glucose; while in the transient glucose group, after being exposed to 30 mM D-glucose for two days, then being put under the control conditions during the experiment. Besides, in the whole process of the experiment, the chronic glucose group was kept in the condition with 30 mM D-glucose. Proliferation, migration, tube formation, gene expression and histone methylation were assessed for individual conditions. Results Transient elevated glucose caused sustained effects on endothelial cell migration, tube formation and TIMP3 gene expression. The effects on TIMP3 expression were associated with persistent changes in histone modification at the 5' end of the TIMP3 gene, suggesting an epigenetic effect. Conclusions Hyperglycemia induced metabolic memory could promote the regulation of TIMP3, and it can be used as a possible innovative molecular target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of chronic non-healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Song
- Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wachal Z, Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szabó AM, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Szilvássy J, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Improved Survival and Retinal Function of Aging ZDF Rats in Long-Term, Uncontrolled Diabetes by BGP-15 Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650207. [PMID: 33935754 PMCID: PMC8085539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal complications of diabetes often lead to deterioration or even loss of vision. This hastens discovery of pharmacological agents able to counterbalance diabetic retinopathy. BGP-15, an emerging small molecule agent, was formerly proven by our workgroup to be retinoprotective on nonobese diabetic animals, Goto-Kakizaki rats. In the present study, we aimed to examine its long-term tolerability or incidental side effects on obese-prone Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats to further increase the rationale for a future human translation. To make terminal visual status comparable with our other investigations, we also carried out electroretinography (ERG) at the end of the experiment. Our study was started on 16-week-old ZDF rats and lasted for 52 weeks, while BGP was administered daily by gavage. During the 12 months of treatment, 100% of BGP-treated animals survived compared to the non-treated ZDF group, where 60% of the animals died, which was a statistically significant difference. Based on ERG results, BGP-15 was able to counterbalance visual deterioration of ZDF rats caused by long-term diabetes. Some moderate but significant changes were seen in OGTT results and some relationship to oxidative stress by the western blot method: BGP-15 was able to increase expression of HSP70 and decrease that of NFkB in eyes of rats. These were in concert with our previous observations of SIRT1 increment and MMP9 decrement in diabetic eyes by BGP. In summary, not only is BGP-15 not harmful in the long run but it is even able to reduce the related mortality and the serious consequences of diabetes. BGP-15 is an excellent candidate for future drug development against diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Wachal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szilvássy
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Nebbioso M, Lambiase A, Armentano M, Tucciarone G, Sacchetti M, Greco A, Alisi L. Diabetic retinopathy, oxidative stress, and sirtuins: an in depth look in enzymatic patterns and new therapeutic horizons. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:168-183. [PMID: 33864872 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. DR represents the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and its incidence is constantly rising. The complex interactions between inflammation, oxidative stress, and the production of free oxygen radicals caused by prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia determine the development of DR. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a recently discovered class of 7 histone deacetylases involved in cellular senescence, regulation of cell cycle, metabolic pathways, and DNA repair. SIRTs participate in the progress of several pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. In DR sirtuins 1,3,5, and 6 play an important role as they regulate the activation of the inflammatory response, insulin sensibility, and both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. A wide spectrum of direct and indirect activators of SIRTs pathways (e.g., antagomiR, resveratrol, or glycyrrhizin) is currently being developed to treat the inflammatory cascade occurring in DR. We focus on the main metabolic and inflammatory pathways involving SIRTs and DR, as well as recent evidence on SIRTs activators that may be employed as novel therapeutic approaches to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Tucciarone
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Sacchetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Patrick AT, He W, Madu J, Sripathi SR, Choi S, Lee K, Samson FP, Powell FL, Bartoli M, Jee D, Gutsaeva DR, Jahng WJ. Mechanistic dissection of diabetic retinopathy using the protein-metabolite interactome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:829-848. [PMID: 33520806 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aims to determine the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the protein-protein interactome and metabolome map. We examined the protein network of novel biomarkers of DR for direct (physical) and indirect (functional) interactions using clinical target proteins in different models. Methods We used proteomic tools including 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry analysis, and database search for biomarker identification using in vivo murine and human model of diabetic retinopathy and in vitro model of oxidative stress. For the protein interactome and metabolome mapping, various bioinformatic tools that include STRING and OmicsNet were used. Results We uncovered new diabetic biomarkers including prohibitin (PHB), dynamin 1, microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1, Toll-like receptor (TLR 7), complement activation, as well as hypothetical proteins that include a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM18), vimentin III, and calcium-binding C2 domain-containing phospholipid-binding switch (CAC2PBS) using a proteomic approach. Proteome networks of protein interactions with diabetic biomarkers were established using known DR-related proteome data. DR metabolites were interconnected to establish the metabolome map. Our results showed that mitochondrial protein interactions were changed during hyperglycemic conditions in the streptozotocin-treated murine model and diabetic human tissue. Conclusions Our interactome mapping suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction could be tightly linked to various phases of DR pathogenesis including altered visual cycle, cytoskeletal remodeling, altered lipid concentration, inflammation, PHB depletion, tubulin phosphorylation, and altered energy metabolism. The protein-metabolite interactions in the current network demonstrate the etiology of retinal degeneration and suggest the potential therapeutic approach to treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Teru Patrick
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - Joshua Madu
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Srinivas R Sripathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kook Lee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Faith Pwaniyibo Samson
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Folami L Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Diana R Gutsaeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
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Ghazi Zahedi S, koohdani F, Qorbani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Aghasi M, Khoshamal H, Keshavarz A, Sotoudeh G. The effects of Elettaria cardamom supplementation on inflammatory markers and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mechanism -based randomized clinical trial. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liang H, Liu X. Coumestrol mitigates retinal cell inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy via activation of SIRT1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5342-5357. [PMID: 33536350 PMCID: PMC7950241 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is vital in initiating neuronal damage in the diabetic retina, leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigates the possible effects of coumestrol (CMS) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR. First, we established a rat model of DR by STZ injection and a cell model involving high-glucose (HG) exposure of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs). We characterized the expression patterns of oxidative stress indicators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptotic proteins in hRMECs. Polymerase chain reaction showed sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) to be poorly expressed in the retinal tissues of STZ-treated rats and HG-exposed hRMECs, but its expression was upregulated upon treatment with CMS treatment. Furthermore, CMS treatment attenuated the STZ-induced pathologies such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell apoptosis. Consistent with the in vivo results, CMS activated the expression of SIRT1, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of HG-treated hRMECs. From these findings, we concluded that CMS ameliorated DR by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress through activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xu
- The Second Ward, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Imaging Center, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Department of Health Care, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- The Second Ward, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
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Delmas D, Cornebise C, Courtaut F, Xiao J, Aires V. New Highlights of Resveratrol: A Review of Properties against Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1295. [PMID: 33525499 PMCID: PMC7865717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases are currently a major public health concern due to the growing number of cases resulting from both an aging of populations and exogenous factors linked to our lifestyles. Thus, many treatments including surgical pharmacological approaches have emerged, and special attention has been paid to prevention, where diet plays a preponderant role. Recently, potential antioxidants such as resveratrol have received much attention as potential tools against various ocular diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of resveratrol against ocular diseases, in particular age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and vitreoretinopathy. We analyze, in relation to the different steps of each disease, the resveratrol properties at multiple levels, such as cellular and molecular signaling as well as physiological effects. We show and discuss the relationship to reactive oxygen species, the regulation of inflammatory process, and how resveratrol can prevent ocular diseases through a potential epigenetic action by the activation of sirtuin-1. Lastly, various new forms of resveratrol delivery are emerging at the same time as some clinical trials are raising more questions about the future of resveratrol as a potential tool for prevention or in therapeutic strategies against ocular diseases. More preclinical studies are required to provide further insights into RSV's potential adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Clarisse Cornebise
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Flavie Courtaut
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24504-24521. [PMID: 33373320 PMCID: PMC7803565 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no pharmacotherapy has been proven effective in treating photoreceptor degeneration in patients. Discovering readily available and safe neuroprotectants is therefore highly sought after. Here, we investigated nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), in a retinal detachment (RD) induced photoreceptor degeneration. NMN administration after RD resulted in a significant reduction of TUNEL+ photoreceptors, CD11b+ macrophages, and GFAP labeled glial activation; a normalization of protein carbonyl content (PCC), and a preservation of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. NMN administration significantly increased NAD+ levels, SIRT1 protein expression, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Delayed NMN administration still exerted protective effects after RD. Mechanistic in vitro studies using 661W cells revealed a SIRT1/HO-1 signaling as a downstream effector of NMN-mediated protection under oxidative stress and LPS stimulation. In conclusion, NMN administration exerts neuroprotective effects on photoreceptors after RD and oxidative injury, suggesting a therapeutic avenue to treating photoreceptor degeneration.
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Kang Q, Yang C. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101799. [PMID: 33248932 PMCID: PMC7767789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including diabetes and its complications. Retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the primary cause of acquired blindness in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress has been verified as one critical contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Oxidative stress can both contribute to and result from the metabolic abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia, mainly including the increased flux of the polyol pathway and hexosamine pathway, the hyper-activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Moreover, the repression of the antioxidant defense system by hyperglycemia-mediated epigenetic modification also leads to the imbalance between the scavenging and production of ROS. Excessive accumulation of ROS induces mitochondrial damage, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and structural and functional alterations in retina. Therefore, it is important to understand and elucidate the oxidative stress-related mechanisms underlying the progress of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the abnormalities correlated with oxidative stress provide multiple potential therapeutic targets to develop safe and effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Here, we also summarized the main antioxidant therapeutic strategies to control this disease. Oxidative stress can both contribute to and result from hyperglycemia-induced metabolic abnormalities in retina. Genes important in regulation of ROS are epigenetically modified, increasing ROS accumulation in retina. Oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathological changes in the progress of diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants ameliorate retinopathy through targeting multiple steps of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzheng Kang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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Pan Q, Gao Z, Zhu C, Peng Z, Song M, Li L. Overexpression of histone deacetylase SIRT1 exerts an antiangiogenic role in diabetic retinopathy via miR-20a elevation and YAP/HIF1α/VEGFA depletion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E932-E943. [PMID: 32776826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a basic member of the Class III histone deacetylases, SIRT1 has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The current study aimed to investigate the roles of SIRT1/miR-20a/Yse-associated protein (YAP)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in DR. The expression of SIRT1 was initially determined through quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis following the successful establishment of a DR mouse model, followed by detection of SIRT1 catalytic activity. Retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were cultured in media supplemented with normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG). Thereafter, SIRT1 was either silenced or overexpressed in RMECs, after which EdU staining and Matrigel-based tube formation assay were performed to assess cell proliferation and tube formation. The binding relationship between YAP, HIF1α, and VEGFA was further illustrated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Preretinal neovascular cell number was tallied with the IB4-positive vascular endothelial cells, as determined by immunofluorescence. SIRT1 was poorly expressed in mice with DR and HG-treated RMECs with low catalytic activity. The proliferation and tube formation capabilities of RMECs were elevated under HG conditions, which could be reversed following overexpression of SIRT1. SIRT1 was identified as positively regulating the expression of miR-20a with YAP detected as the key target gene of miR-20a. Our data suggested that YAP could upregulate VEGFA via induction of HIF1α. Moreover, SIRT1 overexpression strongly repressed RMEC proliferation and angiogenesis, which could be reversed via restoration of YAP/HIF1α/VEGFA expression. Taken together, the key findings of our study suggest that upregulation of SIRT1 inhibits the development of DR via miR-20a-induced downregulation of YAP/HIF1α/VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintuo Pan
- Department of Fundus Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Fundus Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlei Zhu
- Department of Fundus Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Peng
- Department of Fundus Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Song
- Department of Fundus Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Etanercept as a TNF-alpha inhibitor depresses experimental retinal neovascularization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 259:661-671. [PMID: 33043386 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The formation of retinal neovascularization (RNV) is the primary pathological process underlying retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous studies have shown that inflammatory factors are related to the formation of RNV. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as an important factor in the inflammatory response, is involved in the regulation of RNV formation. However, the mechanism through which TNF-α inhibition reduces RNV formation is not fully clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF-α, on RNV, and its possible mechanism. METHODS In vivo, an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model was used to determine the effect of etanercept on the formation of RNV by performing immunostaining. The effect of etanercept on tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), pro-angiogenic-related factors, and pro/anti-inflammatory factors in OIR mice was assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. In vitro, the effect of etanercept on TNF-α-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell tube formation was evaluated by tube formation assays, and the potential mechanism of etanercept was explored by Western blotting. RESULTS In vivo, etanercept reduced the area of RNV and decreased the expression of TRAF2 in the OIR mouse model. Etanercept also suppressed the expression of several pro-angiogenic factors and regulated the pro/anti-inflammatory factors. In vitro, etanercept reduced endothelial cell tube formation by inhibiting activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Etanercept can regulate pro/anti-inflammatory factors and reduce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation, thereby reducing RNV formation.
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Maghbooli Z, Emamgholipour S, Aliakbar S, Amini M, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Hossein-Nezhad A. Differential expressions of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:363-368. [PMID: 30572719 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1543328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients) (n = 86) and those without retinopathy (n = 103). The mRNA expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. Notably, protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 were higher in patients with DR compared with controls after adjusting for diabetes duration and taking metformin (p = .001 for SIRT1; p = .001 for SIRT3; p = .005 for SIRT4). In the logistic model, there was a significant association between SIRT3 and DR (p = .0001) independent of age and sex and hyperglycaemia markers including FBS, HbA1c, and diabetic duration. These findings suggest an emerging role of sirtuins in the pathogenesis of retinopathy, but further studies are necessary to establish this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- MS Research Center, Neurosciences Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aliakbar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Amini
- Nephrology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Hossein-Nezhad
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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He J, Qin M, Chen Y, Hu Z, Xie F, Ye L, Hui T. Epigenetic regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory diseases: a narrative review. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:86. [PMID: 32695308 PMCID: PMC7368751 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and aging and the change of lifestyle, inflammatory diseases have become one of the important threats to the health of the global population. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM). They play a key role in inflammation-related diseases. Factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress and growth factors stimulate the production of MMPs with subsequent ECM remodeling. Recently, the studies of epigenetic regulation, including the ability to predict disease progression, important pathophysiological deficiencies as well as treatment methods have been extensively discussed. This article reviews the current studies on epigenetic alterations in MMPs during inflammatory response. It is likely to provide new insights into development of efficient medications of epigenetic therapy for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Tianqian Hui
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Wachal Z, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Hegedűs C, Kovács D, Szabó AM, Kiss R, Németh J, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Retinoprotection by BGP-15, a Hydroximic Acid Derivative, in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model Compared to Glibenclamide, Metformin, and Pioglitazone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062124. [PMID: 32204537 PMCID: PMC7139510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood glucose and the consequential ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury damage vessels of the retina, deteriorating its function, which can be clearly visualized by electroretinography (ERG). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible retinoprotective effects of systemic BGP-15, an emerging drug candidate, in an insulin resistant animal model, the Goto-Kakizaki rat, and compare these results with well-known anti-diabetics such as glibenclamide, metformin, and pioglitazone, which even led to some novel conclusions about these well-known agents. Experiments were carried out on diseased animal model (Goto-Kakizaki rats). The used methods include weight measurement, glucose-related measurements—like fasting blood sugar analysis, oral glucose tolerance test, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp (HEGC), and calculations of different indices from HEGC results—electroretinography and Western Blot. Beside its apparent insulin sensitization, BGP-15 was also able to counteract the retina-damaging effect of Type II diabetes comparable to the aforementioned anti-diabetics. The mechanism of retinoprotective action may include sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) enzymes, as BGP-15 was able to elevate SIRT1 and decrease MMP9 expression in the eye. Based on our results, this emerging hydroximic acid derivative might be a future target of pharmacological developments as a potential drug against the harmful consequences of diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Prado MSG, de Jesus ML, de Goes TC, Mendonça LSO, Kaneto CM. Downregulation of circulating miR-320a and target gene prediction in patients with diabetic retinopathy. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:155. [PMID: 32178730 PMCID: PMC7077016 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the expression of a set of miRNAs to identify differentially expressed miRNAs that might be considered reliable biomarkers on Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) blood samples. Results Expression levels of MiR-320a, MiR-342-3p, MiR-155, MiR-99a, MiR-29a and MiR-27b were analyzed in 60 healthy controls, 48 Diabetes Melitus (DM) without DR patients and 62 DR patients by qRT-PCR. MiR-320a was shown to be downregulated in the plasma of DR patients compared with DM patients without DR and healthy subjects. Target genes were predicted using miRWalk3.0, miR targeting data and target gene interaction data were imported to Cytoscape to visualize and merge networks and top ranked predicted genes were run through Ontology Genes to perform enrichment analysis on gene sets and classification system to identify biological processes and reactome pathways associated with DR. Highly scored target genes of miR-320a were categorized for various biological processes, including negative regulation of cell aging, negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process and regulation of cellular response to stress that are critical to the development of DR. Our findings suggest that MiR-320a may have a role in the pathogenesis of DR and may represent novel biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirthz Lemos de Jesus
- Department of Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Thaline Cunha de Goes
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Lucilla Silva Oliveira Mendonça
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Martins Kaneto
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Mohammad G, Kowluru RA. Homocysteine Disrupts Balance between MMP-9 and Its Tissue Inhibitor in Diabetic Retinopathy: The Role of DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1771. [PMID: 32150828 PMCID: PMC7084335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High homocysteine is routinely observed in diabetic patients, and this non-protein amino acid is considered as an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Homocysteine biosynthesis from methionine forms S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), which is a major methyl donor critical in DNA methylation. Hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in increased oxidative stress and activation of MMP-9, and in diabetic retinopathy, the activation of MMP-9 facilitates capillary cell apoptosis. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism by which homocysteine activates MMP-9 in diabetic retinopathy. Human retinal endothelial cells, incubated with/without 100 μM homocysteine, were analyzed for MMP-9 and its tissue inhibitor Timp1 expressions and interactions, and ROS levels. Timp1 and MMP-9 promoters were analyzed for methylated and hydroxymethylated cytosine levels (5mC and 5hmC respectively) by the DNA capture method, and DNA- methylating (Dnmt1) and hydroxymethylating enzymes (Tet2) binding by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The results were confirmed in retinal microvessels from diabetic rats receiving homocysteine. Homocysteine supplementation exacerbated hyperglycaemia-induced MMP-9 and ROS levels and decreased Timp1 and its interactions with MMP-9. Homocysteine also aggravated Dnmts and Tets activation, increased 5mC at Timp1 promoter and 5hmC at MMP-9 promoter, and suppressed Timp1 transcription and activated MMP-9 transcription. Similar results were obtained from retinal microvessels from diabetic rats receiving homocysteine. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia in diabetes activates MMP-9 functionally by reducing Timp1-MMP-9 interactions and transcriptionally by altering DNA methylation-hydroxymethylation of its promoter. The regulation of homocysteine could prevent/slow down the development of retinopathy and prevent their vision loss in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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Attenuation of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy by resveratrol: Review on its molecular mechanisms of action. Life Sci 2020; 245:117350. [PMID: 31982401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is an important phenolic phytochemical from the therapeutic perspective. It has therapeutic impacts over wide range of diseases, especially the ones related to oxidative stress. Resveratrol, being primarily a potent anti-oxidant phytochemical, has significant impact against major diseases as inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In the current review article, we intend to highlight the molecular aspects of the mechanism of action of resveratrol against major diabetic implications, namely, retinopathy and neuropathy. Both these diabetic implications are among the first fallouts of chronic hyperglycaemia. Resveratrol, via multiple molecular pathways, tend to attenuate and reverse these deformity and other disease-causing implications.
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Gohari-Lasaki S, Sharafshah A, Abbaspour S, Keshavarz P. Single locus and haplotype association of ENPP1 gene variants with the development of retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:639-647. [PMID: 31902046 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate the associations of ENPP1 variants (rs997509, rs1799774, rs1044498 (K121Q), and rs7754561) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) derived from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Total 501 T2DM patients with and without DR were studied as the case and control group, respectively. All four variants were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Statistical analyses were performed through SNPAlyze and SPSS software. RESULTS The statistical analysis of clinical characteristics represented significant differences of HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar between two study groups. The results indicated that among four studied variants, rs997509 and rs7754561 were significantly associated with DR under recessive (P = 0.01) and dominant (P = 0.01) models of inheritance, respectively. One haplotype (T-A-T-A) with a frequency higher than 0.05 was associated with the increased risk of DR (P = 0.04). Genotype-phenotype sub-analysis of rs997509 and rs7754561 showed that only rs7754561 had significant associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively); more specifically, A allele carriers of rs7754561 were in a higher risk of blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that rs997509 and rs7754561 were associated with the increased risk of DR among Iranians with T2DM and rs7754561 might be a potential genetic marker for prognosis and diagnosis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gohari-Lasaki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saima Abbaspour
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Wang(a) J, Wang S, Wang(b) J, Xiao M, Guo Y, Tang Y, Zhang J, Gu J. Epigenetic Regulation Associated With Sirtuin 1 in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:598012. [PMID: 33537003 PMCID: PMC7848207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.598012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the largest health concerns of the 21st century due to the serious complications associated with the disease. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of DM and develop novel strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively. SIRT1 also plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been verified as a direct target of many microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, numerous studies have explored the key roles of SIRT1 and other related epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications. Thus, this review aims to present a summary of the rapidly growing field of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as the epigenetic influence of SIRT1 on the development and progression of diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang(a)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Wang(b)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Department of Cardiology at the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu,
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Oxidative Stress and Microvascular Alterations in Diabetic Retinopathy: Future Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4940825. [PMID: 31814880 PMCID: PMC6878793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4940825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease that can be treated with oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin. However, patients' metabolic control is inadequate in a high percentage of them and a major cause of chronic diseases like diabetic retinopathy. Approximately 15% of patients have some degree of diabetic retinopathy when diabetes is first diagnosed, and most will have developed this microvascular complication after 20 years. Early diagnosis of the disease is the best tool to prevent or delay vision loss and reduce the involved costs. However, diabetic retinopathy is an asymptomatic disease and its development to advanced stages reduces the effectiveness of treatments. Today, the recommended treatment for severe nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy is photocoagulation with an argon laser and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF associated with, or not, focal laser for diabetic macular oedema. The use of these therapeutic approaches is severely limited, such as uncomfortable administration for patients, long-term side effects, the costs they incur, and the therapeutic effectiveness of the employed management protocols. Hence, diabetic retinopathy is the widespread diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in adults in developed countries. The growing interest in using polyphenols, e.g., resveratrol, in treatments related to oxidative stress diseases has spread to diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on analysing the sources and effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on vascular alterations and diabetic retinopathy development. Furthermore, current and antioxidant therapies, together with new molecular targets, are postulated for diabetic retinopathy treatment.
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Jiang T, Gu J, Chen W, Chang Q. Resveratrol inhibits high-glucose-induced inflammatory "metabolic memory" in human retinal vascular endothelial cells through SIRT1-dependent signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1141-1151. [PMID: 31638409 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes induces vascular endothelial damage and this study investigated high-glucose-induced inflammation "metabolic memory" of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs), the effects of resveratrol on HRVECs, and the underlying signaling. HRVECs were grown under various conditions and assayed for levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); acetylated nuclear factor κB (Ac-NF-κB); NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3); and other inflammatory cytokines; and cell viability. A high glucose concentration induced HRVEC inflammation metabolic memory by decreasing SIRT1 and increasing Ac-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase 1, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor α, whereas exposure of HRVECs to a high glucose medium for 4 days, followed by a normal glucose concentration for an additional 4 days, failed to reverse these changes. A high glucose concentration also significantly reduced HRVEC viability. In contrast, resveratrol, a selective SIRT1 activator, markedly enhanced HRVEC viability and reduced the inflammatory cytokines expressions. In addition, high glucose reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and retained during the 4 days of the reversal period of culture. The effects of resveratrol were abrogated after co-treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide and the AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, resveratrol was able to reverse high-glucose-induced inflammation "metabolic memory" of HRVECs by activation of the SIRT1/AMPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of National Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Junxiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of National Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of National Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of National Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
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