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Zong X, Yang S, Tang Z, Li X, Long D, Wang D. 1,25-(OH) 2D 3 promotes hair growth by inhibiting NLRP3/IL-1β and HIF-1α/IL-1β signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 132:109695. [PMID: 38936782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a crucial vitamin that participates in various biological processes through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). While there are studies suggesting that VDR might regulate hair growth through ligand-independent mechanisms, the efficacy of Vitamin D in treating hair loss disorders has also been reported. Here, through in vivo experiments in mice, in vitro organ culture of hair follicles, and cellular-level investigations, we demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)2D3 promotes mouse hair regeneration, prolongs the hair follicle anagen, and enhances the proliferation and migration capabilities of dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath keratinocytes in a VDR-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis of VDR-knockout mouse skin reveals the involvement of HIF-1α, NLRP3, and IL-1β in these processes. Finally, we confirm that 1,25-(OH)2D3 can counteract the inhibitory effects of DHT on hair growth. These findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 has a positive impact on hair growth and may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiule Zong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengbo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziting Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daijing Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Kilic A, Halu A, De Marzio M, Maiorino E, Duvall MG, Bruggemann TR, Rojas Quintero JJ, Chase R, Mirzakhani H, Sungur AÖ, Koepke J, Nakano T, Peh HY, Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour RE, Georgopoulos K, Litonjua AA, Demay M, Renz H, Levy BD, Weiss ST. Vitamin D constrains inflammation by modulating the expression of key genes on Chr17q12-21.1. eLife 2024; 12:RP89270. [PMID: 38567749 PMCID: PMC10990493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the rise in chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma (Litonjua and Weiss, 2007). Vitamin D supplementation studies do not provide insight into the molecular genetic mechanisms of vitamin D-mediated immunoregulation. Here, we provide evidence for vitamin D regulation of two human chromosomal loci, Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2, reliably associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. We demonstrate increased vitamin D receptor (Vdr) expression in mouse lung CD4+ Th2 cells, differential expression of Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2 genes in Th2 cells based on vitamin D status and identify the IL-2/Stat5 pathway as a target of vitamin D signaling. Vitamin D deficiency caused severe lung inflammation after allergen challenge in mice that was prevented by long-term prenatal vitamin D supplementation. Mechanistically, vitamin D induced the expression of the Ikzf3-encoded protein Aiolos to suppress IL-2 signaling and ameliorate cytokine production in Th2 cells. These translational findings demonstrate mechanisms for the immune protective effect of vitamin D in allergic lung inflammation with a strong molecular genetic link to the regulation of both Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2 genes and suggest further functional studies and interventional strategies for long-term prevention of asthma and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kilic
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Arda Halu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Enrico Maiorino
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Melody G Duvall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Thayse Regina Bruggemann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joselyn J Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Hooman Mirzakhani
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ayse Özge Sungur
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-UniversityMarburgGermany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Janine Koepke
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Raja-Elie Abdulnour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Marie Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg and German Center for Lung Research (DZL)MarburgGermany
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Atypical Recurrent Flank Alopecia in the Cesky Fousek. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040650. [PMID: 35456456 PMCID: PMC9033119 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-inflammatory alopecia is a frequent skin problem in dogs, causing damaged coat integrity and compromised appearance of affected individuals. In this study, we examined the Cesky Fousek breed, which displays atypical recurrent flank alopecia (aRFA) at a high frequency. This type of alopecia can be quite severe and is characterized by seasonal episodes of well demarcated alopecic areas without hyperpigmentation. The genetic component responsible for aRFA remains unknown. Thus, here we aimed to identify variants involved in aRFA using a combination of histological, genomic, and transcriptomic data. We showed that aRFA is histologically similar to recurrent flank alopecia, characterized by a lack of anagen hair follicles and the presence of severely shortened telogen or kenogen hair follicles. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 216 dogs phenotyped for aRFA and identified associations on chromosomes 19, 8, 30, 36, and 21, highlighting 144 candidate genes, which suggests a polygenic basis for aRFA. By comparing the skin cell transcription pattern of six aRFA and five control dogs, we identified 236 strongly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We showed that the GWAS genes associated with aRFA are often predicted to interact with DEGs, suggesting their joint contribution to the development of the disease. Together, these genes affect four major metabolic pathways connected to aRFA: collagen formation, muscle structure/contraction, lipid metabolism, and the immune system.
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Phenotypical Conversions of Dermal Adipocytes as Pathophysiological Steps in Inflammatory Cutaneous Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073828. [PMID: 35409189 PMCID: PMC8998946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes from the superficial layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue undergo cyclic de- and re-differentiation, which can significantly influence the development of skin inflammation under different cutaneous conditions. This inflammation can be connected with local loading of the reticular dermis with lipids released due to de-differentiation of adipocytes during the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Alternatively, the inflammation parallels a widespread release of cathelicidin, which typically takes place in the anagen phase (especially in the presence of pathogens). Additionally, trans-differentiation of dermal adipocytes into myofibroblasts, which can occur under some pathological conditions, can be responsible for the development of collateral scarring in acne. Here, we provide an overview of such cellular conversions in the skin and discuss their possible involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne and psoriasis.
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Role of Nuclear Receptors in Controlling Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052800. [PMID: 35269942 PMCID: PMC8911257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs), are a wide family of ligand-regulated transcription factors sharing a common modular structure composed by an N-terminal domain and a ligand-binding domain connected by a short hinge linker to a DNA-binding domain. NRs are involved in many physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction and development. Most of them respond to small lipophilic ligands, such as steroids, retinoids, and phospholipids, which act as conformational switches. Some NRs are still "orphan" and the search for their ligands is still ongoing. Upon DNA binding, NRs can act both as transcriptional activators or repressors of their target genes. Theoretically, the possibility to modulate NRs activity with small molecules makes them ideal therapeutic targets, although the complexity of their signaling makes drug design challenging. In this review, we discuss the role of NRs in erythropoiesis, in both homeostatic and stress conditions. This knowledge is important in view of modulating red blood cells production in disease conditions, such as anemias, and for the expansion of erythroid cells in culture for research purposes and for reaching the long-term goal of cultured blood for transfusion.
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Bikle DD. Ligand-Independent Actions of the Vitamin D Receptor: More Questions Than Answers. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10578. [PMID: 34950833 PMCID: PMC8674770 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our predominant understanding of the actions of vitamin D involve binding of its ligand, 1,25(OH)D, to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which for its genomic actions binds to discrete regions of its target genes called vitamin D response elements. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq) studies have observed that the VDR can bind to many sites in the genome without its ligand. The number of such sites and how much they coincide with sites that also bind the liganded VDR vary from cell to cell, with the keratinocyte from the skin having the greatest overlap and the intestinal epithelial cell having the least. What is the purpose of the unliganded VDR? In this review, I will focus on two clear examples in which the unliganded VDR plays a role. The best example is that of hair follicle cycling. Hair follicle cycling does not need 1,25(OH)2D, and Vdr lacking the ability to bind 1,25(OH)2D can restore hair follicle cycling in mice otherwise lacking Vdr. This is not true for other functions of VDR such as intestinal calcium transport. Tumor formation in the skin after UVB radiation or the application of chemical carcinogens also appears to be at least partially independent of 1,25(OH)2D in that Vdr null mice develop such tumors after these challenges, but mice lacking Cyp27b1, the enzyme producing 1,25(OH)2D, do not. Examples in other tissues emerge when studies comparing Vdr null and Cyp27b1 null mice are compared, demonstrating a more severe phenotype with respect to bone mineral homeostasis in the Cyp27b1 null mouse, suggesting a repressor function for VDR. This review will examine potential mechanisms for these ligand‐independent actions of VDR, but as the title indicates, there are more questions than answers with respect to this role of VDR. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Health Center San Francisco CA USA
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7
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Papadimitriou DT, Bothou C, Dermitzaki E, Alexopoulos A, Mastorakos G. Treatment of alopecia totalis/universalis/focalis with vitamin D and analogs: Three case reports and a literature review. World J Clin Pediatr 2021; 10:192-199. [PMID: 34868895 PMCID: PMC8603638 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v10.i6.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory disease with autoimmune, environmental, and inherited components directed at the hair follicle, either limited to patchy hair loss over the scalp (Focalis, AF), total loss of scalp hair (Totalis, AT), or total loss of both scalp and body hair (Universalis, AU). Despite multiple treatment modalities, no therapy exists. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with AA/AT/AF influences disease severity and duration, inversely correlating with inflammation histologically.
CASE SUMMARY Three girls presented with AT (P1), AU (P2), and AF (P3) at the ages of 1, 5, and 5 years, respectively. For P1-P2, all available treatments implemented for 2 years had failed. We started an initial 6-mo repletion with oral cholecalciferol 2000/4000 IU/d, with no apparent effect. Then we attempted immunomodulation using oral calcitriol and its analog paricalcitol. On calcitriol, 0.5 mcg/d P1 regrew hair within 6 mo. After 4 years, a relapse with loss of eyebrow hair was resolved after doubling the calcitriol dose to 0.5 mcg × 2/d; the results have been maintained for 6 years to date. On calcitriol, 0.25 mcg × 3/d P2 led to the development of asymptomatic hypercalcemia-hypercalciuria, which was immediately resolved by switching to paricalcitol 2 mcg × 3/d; mild tolerable hypercalciuria was maintained. Hair regrowth was observed at 6 mo, stabilizing only as fur at 12 mo. AF in P3 was resolved completely within 3 mo on a daily high dose (8000 IU) of cholecalciferol.
CONCLUSION Vitamin D may have immunomodulating therapeutic impact on AT/AU/AF, which needs to be explored with further pilot clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios T Papadimitriou
- Department of Pediatric-Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetes, Athens Medical Center, Athens 15125, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Christina Bothou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Dermitzaki
- Department of Pediatric-Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetes, Athens Medical Center, Athens 15125, Greece
| | - Alexios Alexopoulos
- Special Unit of Dermatology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
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8
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Exploring the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Alopecia. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Miao D, Goltzman D. Probing the Scope and Mechanisms of Calcitriol Actions Using Genetically Modified Mouse Models. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10434. [PMID: 33553990 PMCID: PMC7839819 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified mice have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of activation and inactivation of vitamin D, and in the process have provided phenocopies of acquired human disease such as rickets and osteomalacia and inherited diseases such as pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Both global and tissue-specific deletion studies leading to decreases of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D], and/or of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), have demonstrated the primary role of calcitriol and VDR in bone, cartilage and tooth development and in the regulation of mineral metabolism and of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23, which modulate calcium and phosphate fluxes. They have also, however, extended the spectrum of actions of calcitriol and the VDR to include, among others: modulation, jointly and independently, of skin metabolism; joint regulation of adipose tissue metabolism; cardiovascular function; and immune function. Genetic studies in older mice have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the important role of the calcitriol/VDR pathway in diseases of aging such as osteoporosis and cancer. In the course of these studies in diverse tissues, important upstream and downstream, often tissue-selective, pathways have been illuminated, and intracrine, as well as endocrine actions have been described. Human studies to date have focused on acquired or genetic deficiencies of the prohormone vitamin D or the (generally inactive) precursor metabolite 25-hyrodxyvitamin D, but have yet to probe the pleiotropic aspects of deficiency of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, in human disease. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for AgingAffiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre and McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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Activation of the vitamin D receptor transcription factor stimulates the growth of definitive erythroid progenitors. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1207-1219. [PMID: 29844206 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways that regulate the growth of erythroid progenitors are incompletely understood. In a computational analysis of gene expression changes during erythroid ontogeny, the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) nuclear hormone receptor transcription factor gene was identified in fetal and adult stages, but not at the embryonic stage of development. Vdr was expressed in definitive erythroid (EryD) progenitors and was downregulated during their maturation. Activation of Vdr signaling by the vitamin D3 agonist calcitriol increased the outgrowth of EryD colonies from fetal liver and adult bone marrow, maintained progenitor potential, and delayed erythroid maturation, as revealed by clonogenic assays, suspension culture, cell surface phenotype, and gene expression analyses. The early (cKit+CD71lo/neg), but not the late (cKit+CD71hi), EryD progenitor subset of LinnegcKit+ cells was responsive to calcitriol. Culture of cKit+CD71lo/neg progenitors in the presence of both vitamin D3 and glucocorticoid receptor ligands resulted in an increase in proliferation that was at least additive compared with either ligand alone. Lentivirus shRNA-mediated knockdown of Vdr expression abrogated the stimulation of early erythroid progenitor growth by calcitriol. These findings suggest that Vdr has a cell-intrinsic function in early erythroid progenitors. Targeting of downstream components of the Vdr signaling pathway may lead to new approaches for the expansion of erythroid progenitors ex vivo.
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Sawatsubashi S, Nishimura K, Mori J, Kouzmenko A, Kato S. The Function of the Vitamin D Receptor and a Possible Role of Enhancer RNA in Epigenomic Regulation of Target Genes: Implications for Bone Metabolism. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:3-12. [PMID: 30899718 PMCID: PMC6416145 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is essential for bone health, and VD or its analogues are widely used in clinics to ameliorate bone loss. The targets and mode of VD anti-osteoporotic actions appear to be different from those of other classes of drugs modulating bone remodeling. VD exerts its biological activities through the nuclear VD receptor (VDR)-mediated transcriptional regulation of target mRNA and non-coding RNA genes. VD-induced gene regulation involves epigenetic modifications of chromatin conformation at the target loci as well as reconfiguration of higher-order chromosomal organization through VDR-mediated recruitment of various regulatory factors. Enhancer RNAs (eRNA), a class of non-coding enhancer-derived RNAs, have recently emerged as VDR target gene candidates that act through reorganization of chromatin looping to induce enhancer-promoter interaction in activation of mRNA-encoding genes. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms of VD actions mediated by the VDR and suggests novel function of eRNAs in VDR transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sawatsubashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishimura
- Center for Regional Cooperation, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Japan.,Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Jinichi Mori
- Center for Regional Cooperation, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Japan.,Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Alexander Kouzmenko
- Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Center for Regional Cooperation, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Japan.,Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Japan
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12
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Cartwright JA, Gow AG, Milne E, Drummond D, Smith S, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:764-774. [PMID: 29469965 PMCID: PMC5866978 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence linking low blood vitamin D concentration to numerous diseases in people and in dogs. Vitamin D influences cellular function by signaling through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Little is known about which non‐skeletal tissues express the VDR or how inflammation influences its expression in the dog. Objectives To define which non‐skeletal canine tissues express the VDR and to investigate expression in inflamed small intestine. Animals Thirteen non‐skeletal tissues were collected prospectively from 6 control dogs. Thirty‐five dogs diagnosed with a chronic enteropathy (CE) and 24 control dogs were prospectively enrolled and duodenal biopsies were evaluated for VDR expression. Methods Prospective; blinded assessment of canine intestinal VDR. Dogs with CE were included once other identifiable causes of intestinal disease were excluded. Age matched controls were included with no intestinal clinical signs. VDR expression was assessed immunohistochemically in all samples, using a Rat IgG VDR monoclonal antibody. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also used for duodenal biopsies. Results VDR expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was highest in the kidney, duodenum, skin, ileum and spleen, and weak in the colon, heart, lymph node, liver, lung, and ovary. Gastric and testicular tissue did not express the VDR. There was no statistical difference in duodenal VDR expression between the 24 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with CE when quantified by either qPCR (P = 0.87) or IHC (P = 0.099). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The lack of down regulation of VDR expression in inflamed intestine contrasts with previous studies in humans. Our findings support future studies to investigate whether vitamin D and its analogues can be used to modulate intestinal inflammation in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cartwright
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - A G Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - E Milne
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - D Drummond
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - S Smith
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - I Handel
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - R J Mellanby
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
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13
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Daroach M, Narang T, Saikia UN, Sachdeva N, Sendhil Kumaran M. Correlation of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor expression in patients with alopecia areata: a clinical paradigm. Int J Dermatol 2017; 57:217-222. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Daroach
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology; PGIMER; Chandigarh India
| | - Tarun Narang
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology; PGIMER; Chandigarh India
| | - Uma N. Saikia
- Department of Histopathology; PGIMER; Chandigarh India
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14
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Gerkowicz A, Chyl-Surdacka K, Krasowska D, Chodorowska G. The Role of Vitamin D in Non-Scarring Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2653. [PMID: 29215595 PMCID: PMC5751255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-scarring hair loss is a common problem that affects both male and female patients. Since any disturbances in the hair follicle cycle may lead to hair shedding, or alopecia, it is not surprising that the possible role of vitamin D in alopecia was investigated in many studies. Vitamin D has been shown to have many important functions. A growing body of evidence shows that vitamin D and its receptor are responsible for maintaining not only calcium homeostasis but also skin homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin D could also regulate cutaneous innate and adaptive immunity. This paper presents a review of current literature considering the role of vitamin D in alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and female pattern hair loss. The majority of studies revealed decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with different types of non-scarring alopecia, which could suggest its potential role in the pathogenesis of hair loss. According to the authors, vitamin D supplementation could be a therapeutic option for patients with alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, or telogen effluvium. However, further studies on a larger group of patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gerkowicz
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Chyl-Surdacka
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Chodorowska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
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15
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Michel L, Reygagne P, Benech P, Jean-Louis F, Scalvino S, Ly Ka So S, Hamidou Z, Bianovici S, Pouch J, Ducos B, Bonnet M, Bensussan A, Patatian A, Lati E, Wdzieczak-Bakala J, Choulot JC, Loing E, Hocquaux M. Study of gene expression alteration in male androgenetic alopecia: evidence of predominant molecular signalling pathways. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1322-1336. [PMID: 28403520 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men. It is characterized by a distinct pattern of progressive hair loss starting from the frontal area and the vertex of the scalp. Although several genetic risk loci have been identified, relevant genes for AGA remain to be defined. OBJECTIVES To identify biomarkers associated with AGA. METHODS Molecular biomarkers associated with premature AGA were identified through gene expression analysis using cDNA generated from scalp vertex biopsies of hairless or bald men with premature AGA, and healthy volunteers. RESULTS This monocentric study reveals that genes encoding mast cell granule enzymes, inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulin-associated immune mediators were significantly overexpressed in AGA. In contrast, underexpressed genes appear to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. Although involvement of these pathways in hair follicle regeneration is well described, functional interpretation of the transcriptomic data highlights different events that account for their inhibition. In particular, one of these events depends on the dysregulated expression of proopiomelanocortin, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In addition, lower expression of CYP27B1 in patients with AGA supports the notion that changes in vitamin D metabolism contributes to hair loss. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence for distinct molecular events contributing to alopecia that may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michel
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Reygagne
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Benech
- NICN UMR 7259 CNRS Faculté de Médecine, 13344, Marseille, France.,GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - F Jean-Louis
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - S Scalvino
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - S Ly Ka So
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - Z Hamidou
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - J Pouch
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - B Ducos
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - M Bonnet
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - A Bensussan
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - E Lati
- GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France.,Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | | | | | - E Loing
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
| | - M Hocquaux
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
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16
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Thompson JM, Mirza MA, Park MK, Qureshi AA, Cho E. The Role of Micronutrients in Alopecia Areata: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18:663-679. [PMID: 28508256 PMCID: PMC5685931 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, non-scarring form of hair loss caused by immune-mediated attack of the hair follicle. As with other immune-mediated diseases, a complex interplay between environment and genetics is thought to lead to the development of AA. Deficiency of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals may represent a modifiable risk factor associated with development of AA. Given the role of these micronutrients in normal hair follicle development and in immune cell function, a growing number of investigations have sought to determine whether serum levels of these nutrients might differ in AA patients, and whether supplementation of these nutrients might represent a therapeutic option for AA. While current treatment often relies on invasive steroid injections or immunomodulating agents with potentially harmful side effects, therapy by micronutrient supplementation, whether as a primary modality or as adjunctive treatment, could offer a promising low-risk alternative. However, our review highlights a need for further research in this area, given that the current body of literature largely consists of small case-control studies and case reports, which preclude any definite conclusions for a role of micronutrients in AA. In this comprehensive review of the current literature, we found that serum vitamin D, zinc, and folate levels tend to be lower in patients with AA as compared to controls. Evidence is conflicting or insufficient to suggest differences in levels of iron, vitamin B12, copper, magnesium, or selenium. A small number of studies suggest that vitamin A levels may modify the disease. Though understanding of the role for micronutrients in AA is growing, definitive clinical recommendations such as routine serum level testing or therapeutic supplementation call for additional studies in larger populations and with a prospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Thompson
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Mehwish A Mirza
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, 06473, USA
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 339 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 339 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 339 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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17
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Uchida K, Tanaka Y, Ichikawa H, Watanabe M, Mitani S, Morita K, Fujii H, Ishikawa M, Yoshino G, Okinaga H, Nagae G, Aburatani H, Ikeda Y, Susa T, Tamamori-Adachi M, Fukusato T, Uozaki H, Okazaki T, Iizuka M. An Excess of CYP24A1, Lack of CaSR, and a Novel lncRNA Near the PTH Gene Characterize an Ectopic PTH-Producing Tumor. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:691-711. [PMID: 29264523 PMCID: PMC5686629 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, only 23 cases of the ectopic production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been reported. We have characterized the genome-wide transcription profile of an ectopic PTH-producing tumor originating from a retroperitoneal histiocytoma. We found that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) was barely expressed in the tumor. Lack of CaSR, a crucial braking apparatus in the presence of both intraparathyroid and, probably, serendipitous PTH expression, might contribute strongly to the establishment and maintenance of the ectopic transcriptional activation of the PTH gene in nonparathyroid cells. Along with candidate drivers with a crucial frameshift mutation or copy number variation at specific chromosomal areas obtained from whole exome sequencing, we identified robust tumor-specific cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) overproduction, which was not observed in other non–PTH-expressing retroperitoneal histiocytoma and parathyroid adenoma samples. We then found a 2.5-kb noncoding RNA in the PTH 3′-downstream region that was exclusively present in the parathyroid adenoma and our tumor. Such a co-occurrence might act as another driver of ectopic PTH-producing tumorigenesis; both might release the control of PTH gene expression by shutting down the other branches of the safety system (e.g., CaSR and the vitamin D3–vitamin D receptor axis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Uchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Department of General Practice, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of General Practice, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mitani
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Tokyo 154-8532, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishikawa
- Diabetes and Arteriosclerosis, Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshino
- Center for Diabetes, Shinsuma General Hospital, Hyogo 654-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Laboratory Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Laboratory Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukusato
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uozaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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18
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Saini V, Zhao H, Petit ET, Gori F, Demay MB. Absence of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated PPARγ suppression causes alopecia in VDR-null mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:1059-1066. [PMID: 27932380 PMCID: PMC5295732 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mutations in humans and mice cause alopecia. VDR-null (VDR-/-) mice exhibit lack of postmorphogenic hair cycles as a result of impaired keratinocyte stem cell (KSC) function. To identify the molecular basis for abnormal KSC function, RNA sequencing of wild-type (WT) and VDR-/- KSCs was performed. These studies demonstrated that >80% of differentially expressed genes are up-regulated in VDR-/- KSCs; thus, the VDR is a transcriptional suppressor in WT KSCs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator 1β (PGC1β), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were among the up-regulated genes identified. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that these genes are direct VDR targets in WT keratinocytes. Notably, VDR occupancy of the PPARγ regulatory region precludes PPARγ occupancy of this site, based on the observation that PPARγ interacts with these sequences in VDR-/- but not WT keratinocytes. This contrasts with the VDR and PPARγ co-occupancy observed on PGC1β and LPL gene regulatory regions identified. Studies in mice with keratinocyte-specific PPARγ haploinsufficiency were performed to identify the functional consequences of enhanced PPARγ expression. PPARγ haploinsufficiency normalized PPARγ mRNA levels in VDR-/- keratinocytes and restored anagen responsiveness in vivo in VDR-/- mice, resulting in hair regrowth. Thus, absence of VDR-mediated PPARγ suppression underlies alopecia in VDR-/- mice.-Saini, V., Zhao, H., Petit, E. T., Gori, F., Demay, M. B. Absence of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated PPARγ suppression causes alopecia in VDR-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Saini
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Petit
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Gori
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Zhao H, Rieger S, Abe K, Hewison M, Lisse TS. DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 Is an Innate Surveillant of Hair Follicular Stress in Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice and a Regulator of Wound Re-Epithelialization. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121984. [PMID: 27898044 PMCID: PMC5187784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice and human patients with impaired vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling have normal developmental hair growth but display aberrant post-morphogenic hair cycle progression associated with alopecia. In addition, VDR–/– mice exhibit impaired cutaneous wound healing. We undertook experiments to determine whether the stress-inducible regulator of energy homeostasis, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (Ddit4), is involved in these processes. By analyzing hair cycle activation in vivo, we show that VDR−/− mice at day 14 exhibit increased Ddit4 expression within follicular stress compartments. At day 29, degenerating VDR−/− follicular keratinocytes, but not bulge stem cells, continue to exhibit an increase in Ddit4 expression. At day 47, when normal follicles and epidermis are quiescent and enriched for Ddit4, VDR−/− skin lacks Ddit4 expression. In a skin wound healing assay, the re-epithelialized epidermis in wildtype (WT) but not VDR−/− animals harbor a population of Ddit4- and Krt10-positive cells. Our study suggests that VDR regulates Ddit4 expression during epidermal homeostasis and the wound healing process, while elevated Ddit4 represents an early growth-arresting stress response within VDR−/− follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Sandra Rieger
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
| | - Koichiro Abe
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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20
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Vanherwegen AS, Ferreira GB, Smeets E, Yamamoto Y, Kato S, Overbergh L, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. The phenotype and function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells is not affected by the absence of VDR or its ability to bind 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:239-245. [PMID: 26343449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) is generally recognized as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates the actions of its natural ligand, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) on multiple target genes involved in mineral homeostasis, bone development, as well as immune reactivity. As the VDR is widely distributed in nearly all cells of the body, it implies that the vitamin D endocrine system may regulate many cell types and functions. Experiments in VDR null mice established that the VDR has intrinsically critical roles in skin and keratinocyte biology but not in immune responses. Oppositely, absence of the VDR ligand is linked to susceptibility to autoimmunity, illustrating a potential role for the unliganded VDR in the immune system. This discrepancy stimulated us to further investigate the impact of the VDR on the phenotype and function of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) generated ex vivo from bone marrow precursors of VDR null (with a truncated VDR) and VDR ΔAF2 mice (with a mutated C-terminal activation factor 2 domain thus rendering ligand-induced gene transcription impossible). Absent or unliganded VDR did not affect bone marrow-derived myeloid DC generation. DCs obtained from VDR null and VDR ΔAF2 bone marrow cells had comparable MHC-II, and costimulatory molecule CD86, CD80 and CD40 expression than DCs from wild-type bone marrow cells. Additionally, an unliganded VDR did not affect the cytokine production nor the antigen-specific T cell stimulatory capacity of bone marrow-derived DCs. In conclusion, we showed that although clear effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are described on DC generation, absence of VDR or presence of an unliganded VDR does not affect the profile and function of ex vivo generated bone marrow-derived DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Vanherwegen
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Bomfim Ferreira
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien Smeets
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Song L, Papaioannou G, Zhao H, Luderer HF, Miller C, Dall'Osso C, Nazarian RM, Wagers AJ, Demay MB. The Vitamin D Receptor Regulates Tissue Resident Macrophage Response to Injury. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4066-4075. [PMID: 27526034 PMCID: PMC5045513 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play a pleiotropic role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The liganded VDR is required for recruitment of macrophages during the inflammatory phase of cutaneous wound healing. Although the number of macrophages in the granulation tissue 2 days after wounding is markedly reduced in VDR knockout (KO) compared with wild-type mice, VDR ablation does not alter macrophage polarization. Parabiosis studies demonstrate that circulatory chimerism with wild-type mice is unable to rescue the macrophage defect in the wounds of VDR KO mice and reveal that wound macrophages are of local origin, regardless of VDR status. Wound cytokine analyses demonstrated a decrease in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) protein levels in VDR KO mice. Consistent with this, induction of M-CSF gene expression by TGFβ and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was impaired in dermal fibroblasts isolated from VDR KO mice. Because M-CSF is important for macrophage self-renewal, studies were performed to evaluate the response of tissue resident macrophages to this cytokine. A decrease in M-CSF induced proliferation and cyclin D1 expression was observed in peritoneal resident macrophages isolated from VDR KO mice, suggesting an intrinsic macrophage abnormality. Consistent with this, wound-healing assays in mice with macrophage-specific VDR ablation demonstrate that a normal wound microenvironment cannot compensate for the absence of the VDR in macrophages and thus confirm a critical role for the macrophage VDR in the inflammatory response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Song
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Garyfallia Papaioannou
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Hilary F Luderer
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Christine Miller
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Claudia Dall'Osso
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Rosalynn M Nazarian
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit (L.S., G.P., H.Z., H.F.L., M.B.D.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (C.M., C.D., A.J.W.), Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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22
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Thompson JM, Li T, Park MK, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Estimated serum vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of incident alopecia areata among US women. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:671-676. [PMID: 27664090 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have identified increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune disease characterized by hair loss, but none have prospectively examined vitamin D status and incident AA. In 55,929 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), we prospectively evaluated the association between estimated vitamin D status, derived from a prediction model incorporating lifestyle determinants of serum vitamin D, and self-reported incident AA. We evaluated dietary, supplemental, and total vitamin D intake as additional exposures. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated age-adjusted and multivariate hazard ratios (HR) to evaluate risk of AA. We identified 133 cases of AA over a follow-up of 12 years. The age-adjusted HR between top vs. bottom quartiles for serum vitamin D score was 0.94 (95 % CI 0.60-1.48) and the corresponding multivariate HR was 1.08 (95 % CI 0.68-1.73). There was no significant association between dietary, supplemental, or total vitamin D intake and incident AA. This study does not support a preventive role for vitamin D in the risk of developing AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Thompson
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Tricia Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Abstract
There has been a surge of new data regarding the pathophysiology of skin diseases. We are appreciating the sophisticated interplay among the skin, the immune system, and the environment. More elegant and highly specific medicines have been designed to target certain immune mediators of the adaptive immune system. In parallel fashion, we are learning more about the elegance of the innate immune system and how nutrition as early as the prenatal period can affect the priming of other immune cells. Concerns about the long-term impact of new immune-modulating medicines-especially in the pediatric population-have patients asking their dermatologists for nutritional alternatives to medical therapies. Nutrients and nutritional therapies appear to play a role at different ages for different dermatoses. Probiotics are showing promise as a therapeutic option for patients older than 1 year for atopic dermatitis. Systemic contact allergens appear to be a bigger burden on the adult population with atopic dermatitis. Obesity is a growing concern for both children and adults with psoriasis. Milk and high glycemic foods have a strong impact on the teenage acne population. Vitamins A and D are addressed as piece of the alopecia areata puzzle. Zinc and homeopathy are presented finally as possible treatments to the everlasting wart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagen McCusker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.
| | - Robert Sidbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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24
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Skin aging: are adipocytes the next target? Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1457-69. [PMID: 27434510 PMCID: PMC4993342 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is increasingly appreciated as a special fat depot. The adipocytes in this depot exert a variety of unique effects on their surrounding cells and can undergo massive phenotypic changes. Significant modulation of dWAT content can be observed both in intrinsically and extrinsically aged skin. Specifically, skin that has been chronically photo-damaged displays a reduction of the dWAT volume, caused by the replacement of adipocytes by fibrotic structures. This is likely to be caused by the recently uncovered process described as "adipocyte-myofibroblast transition" (AMT). In addition, contributions of dermal adipocytes to the skin aging processes are also indirectly supported by spatial correlations between the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring and the appearance of signs of skin aging in different ethnic groups. These observations could elevate dermal adipocytes to prime targets in strategies aimed at counteracting skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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25
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Dermal adipocytes and hair cycling: is spatial heterogeneity a characteristic feature of the dermal adipose tissue depot? Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:258-62. [PMID: 26781768 PMCID: PMC4805479 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are widely distributed in the dermis, in a unique fat depot referred to as dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT). In rodents, dWAT is present as widespread thin layers, whereas in pigs and humans, it is present in clusters referred to as 'dermal cones' around the pilosebaceous units. This distinct layer of fat cells located above the subcutaneous white adipose tissue is important for proper hair follicle (HF) cycling in rodents. Murine HFs produce spatially restricted synchronous patches after their second postnatal cycle which correlates with the spatial heterogeneity of murine dWAT. Similarly, the cycling of HFs in humans may also be related to the spatial distribution of dWAT, making the difference between murine and human HF cycling of more quantitative than of qualitative nature. This should allow the production of small spatially correlated HF patches in human skin, and we propose that this process can be regulated by paracrine signalling involving a number of signalling modules, including the hedgehog pathway. This pathway is an established player in HF cycling, but is also involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and may therefore be a key regulator of the process across species. We also suggest that the spatial heterogeneity of dWAT is connected not only to HF cycling, but may also be related to other physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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26
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Mady LJ, Ajibade DV, Hsaio C, Teichert A, Fong C, Wang Y, Christakos S, Bikle DD. The Transient Role for Calcium and Vitamin D during the Developmental Hair Follicle Cycle. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1337-1345. [PMID: 26994969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and/or calcium in hair follicle cycling is not clear despite their impact on keratinocyte differentiation. We found that calbindin-D9k null (knockout) pups generated from calbindin-D9k knockout females fed a vitamin D-deficient, low-calcium (0.47%) diet develop transient alopecia. The pups appear phenotypically normal until 13 days of age, after which the hair progressively sheds in a caudocephalic direction, resulting in truncal alopecia totalis by 20-23 days, with spontaneous recovery by 28 days. Histological studies showed markedly dystrophic hair follicles, loss of hair shafts with increased apoptosis, and hyperplastic epidermis during this time. Ha1 expression is lost during catagen in all mice but recovers more slowly in the knockout pups on the vitamin D-deficient, low-calcium diet. Keratin 1 expression is reduced throughout days 19-28. The expressions of involucrin, loricrin, and cathepsin L is initially increased by day 19 but subsequently falls below those of controls by day 23, as does that of desmoglein 3. Feeding the mothers a high-vitamin D/high-calcium (2%)/lactose (20%) diet lessens the phenotype, and knockout pups fostered to mothers fed a normal diet do not develop alopecia. Our results show that in calbindin-D9k knockout pups, a maternal vitamin D-deficient/low-calcium diet leads to transient noncicatricial alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila J Mady
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dare V Ajibade
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Connie Hsaio
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Arnaud Teichert
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chak Fong
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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27
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Tamura M, Isojima T, Kawashima M, Yoshida H, Yamamoto K, Kitaoka T, Namba N, Oka A, Ozono K, Tokunaga K, Kitanaka S. Detection of Hereditary 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets Caused by Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 12 Using Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131157. [PMID: 26153892 PMCID: PMC4496068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. No patients have been reported with uniparental disomy (UPD). Objective Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to confirm whether HVDRR was caused by UPD of chromosome 12. Materials and Methods A 2-year-old girl with alopecia and short stature and without any family history of consanguinity was diagnosed with HVDRR by typical laboratory data findings and clinical features of rickets. Sequence analysis of VDR was performed, and the origin of the homozygous mutation was investigated by target SNP sequencing, short tandem repeat analysis, and genome-wide SNP array. Results The patient had a homozygous p.Arg73Ter nonsense mutation. Her mother was heterozygous for the mutation, but her father was negative. We excluded gross deletion of the father’s allele or paternal discordance. Genome-wide SNP array of the family (the patient and her parents) showed complete maternal isodisomy of chromosome 12. She was successfully treated with high-dose oral calcium. Conclusions This is the first report of HVDRR caused by UPD, and the third case of complete UPD of chromosome 12, in the published literature. Genome-wide SNP array was useful for detecting isodisomy and the parental origin of the allele. Comprehensive examination of the homozygous state is essential for accurate genetic counseling of recurrence risk and appropriate monitoring for other chromosome 12 related disorders. Furthermore, oral calcium therapy was effective as an initial treatment for rickets in this instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Isojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minae Kawashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kitanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Jung MK, Ha S, Huh SY, Park SB, Kim S, Yang Y, Kim D, Hur DY, Jeong H, Bang SI, Park H, Cho D. Hair-growth stimulation by conditioned medium from vitamin D3-activated preadipocytes in C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2015; 128:39-46. [PMID: 25748421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, immature adipocyte lineage cells have been suggested as a potential hair-growth stimulator. Diverse studies have been attempted to find methods for the preconditioning of immature adipocyte lineage cells. The present study investigates the effect of conditioned medium (CM) from vitamin D3 (Vd3) pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth ability. MAIN METHODS To test the effect of CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth efficiency in mice, we compared the differences in hair regenerated after injecting CM from mouse preadipocytes pre-activated with or without Vd3. Next, to determine the regulating factors, the VEGF level was measured by ELISA and angiogenesis level was evaluated by IHC. Finally, the signaling mechanism was investigated by inhibitor kinase assay and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte injection markedly promoted the ability of hair regeneration in mice. The VEGF levels were increased by Vd3 treatment in vitro and the CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes significantly increased the angiogenesis in vivo, suggesting the involvement of angiognensis in the hair regeneration induced by CM from pre-activated preadipocytes. In signaling study, Vd3-enhanced VEGF production was reduced by an ERK1/2 inhibitor and the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by treatment with Vd3. SIGNIFICANCE This has been the first report on CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte displaying stimulatory effects on hair growth via the enhancement of angiogenesis in a hairless-induced C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soogyeong Ha
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Scarlett Yoona Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT 06269-3042, USA
| | - Seung Beom Park
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Kim
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Mubki T. Use of Vitamins and Minerals in the Treatment of Hair Loss: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Dermatologists in Saudi Arabia. J Cutan Med Surg 2014; 18:405-12. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2014.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several controversies exist regarding the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in treating hair loss. Objectives: To explore practices, knowledge, and attitudes for using vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss among dermatologists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire containing 33 questions was distributed to 177 dermatologists attending a national dermatology conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2012. Results: Of the 177 attending dermatologists, 144 responded to the questionnaire (81% response rate). Vitamins and minerals were recommended for treating at least one type of hair loss by 60%. Vitamins and minerals were most commonly used for acute telogen effluvium (62%). The majority (72%) reported a good knowledge of vitamins and minerals toxicity. Conclusion: Although dermatologists in Saudi Arabia displayed positive believes in the usefulness of vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss, further research is needed to prove their role in the management of different hair loss disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Mubki
- From the Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Lisse TS, Saini V, Zhao H, Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB. The vitamin D receptor is required for activation of cWnt and hedgehog signaling in keratinocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1698-706. [PMID: 25180455 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia (hair loss) in vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice is due to absence of ligand-independent actions of the VDR that are required for initiation of postmorphogenic hair cycles. Investigations were undertaken to determine whether the VDR is required for the induction of signaling pathways that play an important role in this process. The induction of cWnt and hedgehog target genes that characterizes early anagen was found to be dramatically attenuated in VDR(-/-) mice, relative to wild-type (WT) mice. To determine whether this reflects impaired responsiveness to cWnt ligands, in vitro studies were performed in primary keratinocytes. These studies demonstrated impaired induction of cWnt target genes in response to Wnt3a in VDR(-/-) keratinocytes, relative to wild-type keratinocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the VDR was recruited to the regulatory regions of cWnt and hedgehog target genes in WT keratinocytes but not in VDR(-/-) or Lef1(-/-) keratinocytes. Lef1 was enriched on these same regulatory regions in WT keratinocytes but not in VDR(-/-) keratinocytes. In vivo studies were performed to determine whether activation of the hedgehog pathway could bypass the defect in cWnt signaling observed in the absence of the unliganded VDR. In WT, but not VDR(-/-), mice, hedgehog agonist treatment resulted in an induction of cWnt and hedgehog target genes and the generation of mature anagen hair follicles. Thus, these studies demonstrate that the unliganded VDR interacts with regulatory regions in the cWnt and hedgehog target genes and is required for the induction of these pathways during the postnatal hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Lisse
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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31
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Tanaka M, Kishimoto KN, Okuno H, Saito H, Itoi E. Vitamin D receptor gene silencing effects on differentiation of myogenic cell lines. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:700-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; 1-1 Seiryo-machi; Aoba-ku; Sendai Japan 980-8574
| | - Koshi N. Kishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; 1-1 Seiryo-machi; Aoba-ku; Sendai Japan 980-8574
| | - Hiroshi Okuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; 1-1 Seiryo-machi; Aoba-ku; Sendai Japan 980-8574
| | - Hideo Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; 1-1 Seiryo-machi; Aoba-ku; Sendai Japan 980-8574
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; 1-1 Seiryo-machi; Aoba-ku; Sendai Japan 980-8574
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32
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Hsieh JC, Estess RC, Kaneko I, Whitfield GK, Jurutka PW, Haussler MR. Vitamin D receptor-mediated control of Soggy, Wise, and Hairless gene expression in keratinocytes. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:165-78. [PMID: 24190897 PMCID: PMC3947288 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR), but not its hormonal ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), is required for the progression of the mammalian hair cycle. We studied three genes relevant to hair cycle signaling, DKKL1 (Soggy), SOSTDC1 (Wise), and HR (Hairless), to determine whether their expression is regulated by VDR and/or its 1,25D ligand. DKKL1 mRNA was repressed 49-72% by 1,25D in primary human and CCD-1106 KERTr keratinocytes; a functional vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) was identified at -9590 bp in murine Soggy. Similarly, SOSTDC1 mRNA was repressed 41-59% by 1,25D in KERTr and primary human keratinocytes; a functional VDRE was located at -6215 bp in human Wise. In contrast, HR mRNA was upregulated 1.56- to 2.77-fold by 1,25D in primary human and KERTr keratinocytes; a VDRE (TGGTGAgtgAGGACA) consisting of an imperfect direct repeat separated by three nucleotides (DR3) was identified at -7269 bp in the human Hairless gene that mediated dramatic induction, even in the absence of 1,25D ligand. In parallel, a DR4 thyroid hormone responsive element, TGGTGAggccAGGACA, was identified at +1304 bp in the human HR gene that conferred tri-iodothyronine (T3)-independent transcriptional activation. Because the thyroid hormone receptor controls HR expression in the CNS, whereas VDR functions in concert with the HR corepressor specifically in skin, a model is proposed wherein unliganded VDR upregulates the expression of HR, the gene product of which acts as a downstream comodulator to feedback-repress DKKL1 and SOSTDC1, resulting in integration of bone morphogenic protein and Wnt signaling to drive the mammalian hair cycle and/or influencing epidermal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Rudolf C Estess
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85306, USA
| | - G. Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Mark R. Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 425 North 5 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA, (M.R. Haussler)
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Vitamin D Is a Multilevel Repressor of Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013. [PMID: 24202444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers 5041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is abnormally activated in most colorectal cancers and in a proportion of other neoplasias. This activation initiates or contributes to carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of a large number of genes in tumor cells. The active vitamin D metabolite 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits Wnt/b-catenin signaling by several mechanisms at different points along the pathway. Additionally, paracrine actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on stromal cells may also repress this pathway in neighbouring tumor cells. Here we review the molecular basis for the various mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 antagonizes Wnt/b-catenin signaling, preferentially in human colon carcinoma cells, and the consequences of this inhibition for the phenotype and proliferation rate. The effect of the vitamin D system on Wnt/b-catenin signaling and tumor growth in animal models will also be commented in detail. Finally, we revise existing data on the relation between vitamin D receptor expression and vitamin D status and the expression of Wnt/b-catenin pathway genes and targets in cancer patients.
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Vitamin D Is a Multilevel Repressor of Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1242-60. [PMID: 24202444 PMCID: PMC3875938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is abnormally activated in most colorectal cancers and in a proportion of other neoplasias. This activation initiates or contributes to carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of a large number of genes in tumor cells. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by several mechanisms at different points along the pathway. Additionally, paracrine actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on stromal cells may also repress this pathway in neighbouring tumor cells. Here we review the molecular basis for the various mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling, preferentially in human colon carcinoma cells, and the consequences of this inhibition for the phenotype and proliferation rate. The effect of the vitamin D system on Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumor growth in animal models will also be commented in detail. Finally, we revise existing data on the relation between vitamin D receptor expression and vitamin D status and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes and targets in cancer patients.
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35
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Abstract
Rickets/osteomalacia is an important problem in a tropical country. Many cases are due to poor vitamin D intake or calcium deficient diets and can be corrected by administration of calcium and vitamin D. However, some cases are refractory to vitamin D therapy and are related to renal defects. These include rickets of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), hypophosphatemic rickets, and vitamin D dependent rickets (VDDR). The latter is due to impaired action of 1α-hydroxylase in renal tubule. These varieties need proper diagnosis and specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, India
- Osmania Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Osmania Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, India
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36
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Demay MB. Physiological insights from the vitamin D receptor knockout mouse. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:99-105. [PMID: 22903507 PMCID: PMC3511627 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of vitamin D as a potent antirachitic factor almost a century ago prompted investigations aimed at addressing its mechanism of action and key target tissues. Studies in vitamin D deficiency models and in kindreds with impaired hormone activation and function were critical in identifying key steps in the vitamin D signaling pathway. Studies in humans with vitamin D receptor (VDR) mutations provided a tremendous amount of information regarding the role of this receptor in calcium and skeletal homeostasis. The availability of mouse models of VDR ablation provided an important tool for detailed molecular analyses of the pathophysiologic basis for the skeletal, parathyroid and cutaneous phenotypes observed in mice and humans with impaired VDR function. These investigations revealed that a critical action of the liganded receptor is the promotion of intestinal calcium absorption. Bypassing this defect by dietary or transgenic rescue prevents the severe skeletal phenotype of the VDR ablated mice, as well as the development of hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, intestine specific ablation of the receptor results in marked skeletal pathology. Like their human counterparts, VDR knockout mice develop alopecia. Studies in these mice demonstrated that the actions of the VDR required for cyclical regeneration of the hair follicle and prevention of alopecia were shown independent of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D demonstrating that the unliganded receptor has an important role in the cutaneous homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier 11, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA, USA.
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37
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Luderer HF, Nazarian RM, Zhu ED, Demay MB. Ligand-dependent actions of the vitamin D receptor are required for activation of TGF-β signaling during the inflammatory response to cutaneous injury. Endocrinology 2013; 154:16-24. [PMID: 23132743 PMCID: PMC3529380 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-dependent and -independent actions in the epidermis. Ligand-dependent actions of the VDR have been shown to promote keratinocyte differentiation and to regulate formation of the epidermal barrier. In contrast, the actions of the VDR that regulate postmorphogenic hair cycling do not require 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The VDR also has immunomodulatory actions that are dependent on its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. To determine whether the ligand-dependent or -independent actions of the VDR regulate the inflammatory response to cutaneous injury, studies were performed in control, VDR knockout, and vitamin D-deficient mice. These investigations demonstrate that absence of receptor or ligand impairs the dermal response to cutaneous injury. Although neutrophil recruitment is not affected, the absence of VDR signaling leads to defects in macrophage recruitment and granulation tissue formation. Studies performed to identify the molecular basis for this phenotype demonstrate that absence of the VDR, or its ligand, impairs TGF-β signaling in the dermis, characterized by decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and reduced phosphorylation of phosphorylated Smad-3 as well as attenuated phosphorylated Smad-3 phosphorylation in response to TGF-β in primary dermal fibroblasts lacking the VDR. Thus, these data demonstrate that the liganded VDR interacts with the TGF-β signaling pathway to promote the normal inflammatory response to cutaneous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Luderer
- Endocrine Unit and Dermatopathology Unit, Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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38
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Takács I, Benkő I, Toldy E, Wikonkál N, Szekeres L, Bodolay E, Kiss E, Jambrik Z, Szabó B, Merkely B, Valkusz Z, Kovács T, Szabó A, Grigoreff O, Nagy Z, Demeter J, Horváth HC, Bittner N, Várbíró S, Lakatos P. [Hungarian consensus regarding the role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of diseases]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153 Suppl:5-26. [PMID: 22934332 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of vitamin D is unique in the human body and its diverse effects are present in almost every organ. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most prominent health issues in the civilized world. For the solution of this concern an extensive collaboration is imperative. Recognizing this necessity the most prominent Hungarian medical associations fighting with the effects of vitamin D deficiency worked out a collective consensus on the importance, diagnosis, prevention and suggested therapy of vitamin D deficiency. Along with the clinical guidelines of the different associations, the result of this consensus could serve as guidance for the practicing doctors in the prevention and therapy of vitamin D deficiency. In addition the consensus aims to direct the attention of decision-makers and the general public on the significance of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Takács
- Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Budapest
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39
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Aoi N, Inoue K, Chikanishi T, Fujiki R, Yamamoto H, Kato H, Eto H, Doi K, Itami S, Kato S, Yoshimura K. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates the hair-inductive capacity of dermal papilla cells: therapeutic potential for hair regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197867 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) have the potential to induce differentiation of epithelial stem cells into hair, and Wnt signaling is deeply involved in the initiation process. The functional limitation of expanded adult DPCs has been a difficult challenge for cell-based hair regrowth therapy. We previously reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD(3)) upregulates expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, both features of hair-inducing human DPCs (hDPCs). In this study, we further examined the effects and signaling pathways associated with VD(3) actions on DPCs. VD(3) suppressed hDPC proliferation in a dose-dependent, noncytotoxic manner. Among the Wnt-related genes investigated, Wnt10b expression was significantly upregulated by VD(3) in hDPCs. Wnt10b upregulation, as well as upregulation of ALPL (ALP, liver/bone/kidney) and TGF-β2, by VD(3) was specific in hDPCs and not detected in human dermal fibroblasts. Screening of paracrine or endocrine factors in the skin indicated that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) upregulated Wnt10b gene expression, although synergistic upregulation (combined atRA and VD(3)) was not seen. RNA interference with vitamin D receptor (VDR) revealed that VD(3) upregulation of Wnt10b, ALPL, and TGF-β2 was mediated through the genomic VDR pathway. In a rat model of de novo hair regeneration by murine DPC transplantation, pretreatment with VD(3) significantly enhanced hair folliculogenesis. Specifically, a greater number of outgrowing hair shafts and higher maturation of regenerated follicles were observed. Together, these data suggest that VD(3) may promote functional differentiation of DPCs and be useful in preserving the hair follicle-inductive capacity of cultured DPCs for hair regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Aoi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim DH, Lee JW, Kim IS, Choi SY, Lim YY, Kim HM, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Successful treatment of alopecia areata with topical calcipotriol. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:341-4. [PMID: 22879719 PMCID: PMC3412244 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory hair loss of unknown etiology. AA is chronic and relapsing, and no effective cure or preventive treatment has been established. Vitamin D was recently reported to be important in cutaneous immune modulation as well as calcium regulation and bone metabolism. It is well known that areata is common clinical finding in patients with vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D-resistant rickets, or vitamin D receptor (VDR) mutation. The biological actions of vitamin D3 derivatives include regulation of epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation and modulation of cytokine production. These effects might explain the efficacy of vitamin D3 derivatives for treating AA. In this study, we report a 7-year-old boy with reduced VDR expression in AA, recovery of whom was observed by topical application of calcipotriol, a strong vitamin D analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Demay MB. The hair cycle and Vitamin D receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:19-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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42
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Rosen CJ, Adams JS, Bikle DD, Black DM, Demay MB, Manson JE, Murad MH, Kovacs CS. The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:456-92. [PMID: 22596255 PMCID: PMC3365859 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in virtually all cells of the body and the growing body of observational data supporting a relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to chronic metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases have led to widespread utilization of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and treatment of numerous disorders. In this paper, we review both the basic and clinical aspects of vitamin D in relation to nonskeletal organ systems. We begin by focusing on the molecular aspects of vitamin D, primarily by examining the structure and function of the vitamin D receptor. This is followed by a systematic review according to tissue type of the inherent biological plausibility, the strength of the observational data, and the levels of evidence that support or refute an association between vitamin D levels or supplementation and maternal/child health as well as various disease states. Although observational studies support a strong case for an association between vitamin D and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders, there remains a paucity of large-scale and long-term randomized clinical trials. Thus, at this time, more studies are needed to definitively conclude that vitamin D can offer preventive and therapeutic benefits across a wide range of physiological states and chronic nonskeletal disorders.
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43
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St-Arnaud R, Naja RP. Vitamin D metabolism, cartilage and bone fracture repair. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 347:48-54. [PMID: 21664253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1,25-(OH)(2)D metabolite mediates the endocrine actions of vitamin D by regulating in the small intestine the expression of target genes that play a critical role in intestinal calcium absorption. The major role of the vitamin D hormone on bone is indirect and mediated through its endocrine function on mineral homeostasis. However, genetic manipulation of the expression of Cyp27b1 or the VDR in chondrocytes strongly support a direct role for locally synthesized 1,25(OH)(2)D, acting through the VDR, in vascular invasion and osteoclastogenesis during endochondral bone development. Cells from the growth plate respond to the 24,25-(OH)(2)D and 1,25-(OH)(2)D metabolites in a cell maturation-dependent manner and the effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D are thought to be mediated through binding to the membrane-associated receptor PDIA3 (protein disulfide isomerase associated 3). The physiological relevance of membrane-mediated 1,25-(OH)(2)D signaling is emerging and is discussed. Finally, preliminary results suggest that mice deficient for Cyp24a1 exhibit a delay in bone fracture healing and support a role for 24,25-(OH)(2)D in mammalian fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- René St-Arnaud
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A6.
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44
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Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18444-51. [PMID: 21471213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-independent actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are required for normal post-morphogenic hair cycles; however, the molecular mechanisms by which the VDR exerts these actions are not clear. Previous studies demonstrated impaired regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in primary keratinocytes lacking the VDR. To identify the key effector of canonical Wnt signaling that interacts with the VDR, GST pulldown studies were performed. A novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1) that is independent of β-catenin was identified. This interaction is dependent upon sequences within the N-terminal region of the VDR, a domain required for VDR-DNA interactions and normal hair cycling in mice. Mutation of specific residues within the N-terminal region of the VDR not only abrogated interactions between the VDR and LEF1 but also impaired the ability of the VDR to enhance Wnt signaling in vdr(-/-) primary keratinocytes. Thus, this study demonstrates a novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 that is mediated by the DNA-binding domain of the VDR and that is required for normal canonical Wnt signaling in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Luderer
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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45
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de Schellenberger AA, Horland R, Rosowski M, Paus R, Lauster R, Lindner G. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) forms part of the connective tissue of normal human hair follicles. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:361-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Teichert A, Elalieh H, Bikle D. Disruption of the hedgehog signaling pathway contributes to the hair follicle cycling deficiency in Vdr knockout mice. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:482-9. [PMID: 20458748 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mice null for the Vitamin D receptor (VdrKO) have a disrupted first hair follicle cycle and aborted subsequent hair follicle cycling. We examined the expression of different markers and mediators of hair follicle cycling in the hair follicle of the VdrKO mouse during days 13-22 when the hair follicle normally initiates and completes the first catagen. We compared the expression of those genes in mice with a nonsense mutation in hairless (Rhino), which have a similar alopecia phenotype, and to Cyp27b1 null mice which are deficient in the production of 1,25(OH)2D3, the Vdr ligand, but display normal hair follicle cycling. Our results demonstrate the down regulation of hair follicle markers and the alteration of expression of hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, Fgf, and Tgfbeta pathways in VdrKO and Rhino mice, but not in Cyp27b1KO mice. Treatment of VdrKO mice with an agonist to the Hh pathway partially restored hair follicle cycling, suggesting a role of this pathway in the regulation of hair follicle cycling by VDR. These results suggest that Vdr regulates directly or indirectly the expression of genes required for hair follicle cycling, including Hh signaling, independent of 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Teichert
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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47
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Hsieh JC, Slater SA, Whitfield GK, Dawson JL, Hsieh G, Sheedy C, Haussler CA, Haussler MR. Analysis of hairless corepressor mutants to characterize molecular cooperation with the vitamin D receptor in promoting the mammalian hair cycle. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:671-86. [PMID: 20512927 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hair cycle requires both the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the hairless (Hr) corepressor, each of which is expressed in the hair follicle. Hr interacts directly with VDR to repress VDR-targeted transcription. Herein, we further map the VDR-interaction domain to regions in the C-terminal half of Hr that contain two LXXLL-like pairs of motifs known to mediate contact of Hr with the RAR-related orphan receptor alpha and with the thyroid hormone receptor, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that all four hydrophobic motifs are required for VDR transrepression by Hr. Point mutation of rat Hr at conserved residues corresponding to natural mutants causing alopecia in mice (G985W and a C-terminal deletion DeltaAK) and in humans (P95S, C422Y, E611G, R640Q, C642G, N988S, D1030N, A1040T, V1074M, and V1154D), as well as alteration of residues in the C-terminal Jumonji C domain implicated in histone demethylation activity (C1025G/E1027G and H1143G) revealed that all Hr mutants retained VDR association, and that transrepressor activity was selectively abrogated in C642G, G985W, N988S, D1030N, V1074M, H1143G, and V1154D. Four of these latter Hr mutants (C642G, N988S, D1030N, and V1154D) were found to associate normally with histone deacetylase-3. Finally, we identified three regions of human VDR necessary for association with Hr, namely residues 109-111, 134-201, and 202-303. It is concluded that Hr and VDR interact via multiple protein-protein interfaces, with Hr recruiting histone deacetylases and possibly itself catalyzing histone demethylation to effect chromatin remodeling and repress the transcription of VDR target genes that control the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.
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48
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Dowd DR, MacDonald PN. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-independent actions of the vitamin D receptor in skin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:317-21. [PMID: 20362670 PMCID: PMC4127032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system plays important but poorly understood roles in the skin and in hair follicle cycling. Rare, human genetic disorders and knockout mouse models highlight essential roles and potentially novel mechanisms of the vitamin D endocrine system in the skin. Vitamin D receptor knockout mice express a hair follicle cycling defect and a hyperproliferative phenotype resulting in disordered skin structure, epidermal thickening, and alopecia. In contrast, ligand knockout mice (i.e., mice with a disrupted CYP27B1 gene that encodes the 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 1alpha-hydroxylase) have normal hair follicle function and a comparatively modest skin phenotype. These disparate models indicate that VDR may function independently of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in regulating hair follicle cycling and skin biology. Recent studies highlight this concept and provide key support for this hypothesis. While VDR knockout mice are highly susceptible to chemically induced skin tumorigenesis, CYP27B1 knockouts are resistant. These studies reveal a second global physiological process in the skin that may be regulated by VDR in a 1,25(OH)2D3-independent fashion, namely, genoprotection against carcinogenic mutagens. Key cellular and molecular data supporting this mechanism were published recently showing a keratinocyte-selective transactivation activity mediated by VDR that is independent of the 1,25(OH)2D3 ligand. Thus, evidence is building to support a potentially novel, 1,25(OH)2D3-independent mechanism through which VDR functions in keratinocytes and perhaps within stem cell populations in the follicle to regulate genoprotection and other key developmental processes in the skin.
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49
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Luderer HF, Demay MB. The vitamin D receptor, the skin and stem cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:314-6. [PMID: 20138991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has been shown to have pro-differentiation and antiproliferative effects on keratinocytes that are mediated by interactions with its nuclear receptor. Other cutaneous actions of the vitamin D receptor have been brought to light by the cutaneous phenotype of humans and mice with non-functional vitamin D receptors. Although mice lacking functional vitamin D receptors develop a normal first coat of hair, they exhibit impaired cyclic regeneration of hair follicles that leads to the development of alopecia. Normal hair cycling involves reciprocal interactions between the dermal papilla and the epidermal keratinocyte. Studies in mice with targeted ablation of the vitamin D receptor demonstrate that the abnormality in the hair cycle is due to a defect in the keratinocyte component of the hair follicle. Furthermore, expression of mutant vitamin D receptor transgenes in the keratinocytes of vitamin D receptor knockout mice demonstrates that the effects of the receptor that maintain hair follicle homeostasis are ligand-independent. Absence of a functional vitamin D receptor leads to impaired function of keratinocyte stem cells, both in vivo and in vitro. This is manifested by impaired cyclic regeneration of the hair follicle, a decrease in bulge keratinocyte stem cells with ageing and an abnormality in lineage progression of these cells, leading to their preferential differentiation into sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Luderer
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St, Thier 11, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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50
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Thompson CC. Hairless is a nuclear receptor corepressor essential for skin function. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2009; 7:e010. [PMID: 20087431 PMCID: PMC2807636 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.07010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity of nuclear receptors is modulated by numerous coregulatory factors. Corepressors can either mediate the ability of nuclear receptors to repress transcription, or can inhibit transactivation by nuclear receptors. As we learn more about the mechanisms of transcriptional repression, the importance of repression by nuclear receptors in development and disease has become clear. The protein encoded by the mammalian Hairless (Hr) gene was shown to be a corepressor by virtue of its functional similarity to the well-established corepressors N-CoR and SMRT. Mutation of the Hr gene results in congenital hair loss in both mice and men. Investigation of Hairless function both in vitro and in mouse models in vivo has revealed a critical role in maintaining skin and hair by regulating the differentiation of epithelial stem cells, as well as a putative role in regulating gene expression via chromatin remodeling.
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