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Piccaro G, Aquino G, Gigantino V, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Iorio E, Matarese G, Cassone A, Palma C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B modifies BCG-induced antituberculosis immunity and favors pathogen survival. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1053-1069. [PMID: 38242866 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed strategies not only to evade host immunity but also to manipulate it for its survival. We investigated whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploited the immunogenicity of Ag85B, one of its major secretory proteins, to redirect host antituberculosis immunity to its advantage. We found that administration of Ag85B protein to mice vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin impaired the protection elicited by vaccination, causing a more severe infection when mice were challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ag85B administration reduced Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced CD4 T-cell activation and IFN-γ, CCL-4, and IL-22 production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells. On the other hand, it promoted robust Ag85B-responsive IFN-γ-producing CD4 T cells, expansion of a subset of IFN-γ/IL-10-producing CD4+FOXP3+Treg cells, differential activation of IL-17/IL-22 responses, and activation of regulatory and exhaustion pathways, including programmed death ligand 1 expression on macrophages. All this resulted in impaired intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control by systemic immunity, both before and after the Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Interestingly, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection itself generated Ag85B-reactive inflammatory immune cells incapable of clearing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both unvaccinated and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated mice. Our data suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can exploit the strong immunogenicity of Ag85B to promote its own survival and spread. Since Ag85B is normally secreted by replicating bacteria and is commonly found in the lungs of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected host, our findings may advance the understanding on the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piccaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tirelli
- Core Facilities-Flow Cytometry Area, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities-Flow Cytometry Area, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities-High Resolution NMR Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassone
- Polo d'innovazione della Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Palma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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2
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Krause R, Ogongo P, Tezera L, Ahmed M, Mbano I, Chambers M, Ngoepe A, Magnoumba M, Muema D, Karim F, Khan K, Lumamba K, Nargan K, Madansein R, Steyn A, Shalek AK, Elkington P, Leslie A. B cell heterogeneity in human tuberculosis highlights compartment-specific phenotype and functional roles. Commun Biol 2024; 7:584. [PMID: 38755239 PMCID: PMC11099031 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells are important in tuberculosis (TB) immunity, but their role in the human lung is understudied. Here, we characterize B cells from lung tissue and matched blood of patients with TB and found they are decreased in the blood and increased in the lungs, consistent with recruitment to infected tissue, where they are located in granuloma associated lymphoid tissue. Flow cytometry and transcriptomics identify multiple B cell populations in the lung, including those associated with tissue resident memory, germinal centers, antibody secretion, proinflammatory atypical B cells, and regulatory B cells, some of which are expanded in TB disease. Additionally, TB lungs contain high levels of Mtb-reactive antibodies, specifically IgM, which promotes Mtb phagocytosis. Overall, these data reveal the presence of functionally diverse B cell subsets in the lungs of patients with TB and suggest several potential localized roles that may represent a target for interventions to promote immunity or mitigate immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krause
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liku Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ian Mbano
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Magalli Magnoumba
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adrie Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for AIDS Research and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Al Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Daman AW, Cheong JG, Berneking L, Josefowicz SZ. The potency of hematopoietic stem cell reprogramming for changing immune tone. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:197-208. [PMID: 38632868 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune memory endows innate immune cells with antigen independent heightened responsiveness to subsequent challenges. The durability of this response can be mediated by inflammation induced epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are maintained through differentiation to mature immune progeny. Understanding the mechanisms and extent of trained immunity induction by pathogens and vaccines, such as BCG, in HSPC remains a critical area of exploration with important implications for health and disease. Here we review these concepts and present new analysis to highlight how inflammatory reprogramming of HSPC can potently alter immune tone, including to enhance specific anti-tumor responses. New findings in the field pave the way for novel HSPC targeting therapeutic strategies in cancer and other contexts of immune modulation. Future studies are expected to unravel diverse and extensive effects of infections, vaccines, microbiota, and sterile inflammation on hematopoietic progenitor cells and begin to illuminate the broad spectrum of immunologic tuning that can be established through altering HSPC phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to emerging and speculative topics in this field where we posit that focused study of HSPC in the framework of trained immunity holds significant promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Daman
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jin Gyu Cheong
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Berneking
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Szachniewicz MM, Neustrup MA, van Meijgaarden KE, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA, Haks MC, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM. Intrinsic immunogenicity of liposomes for tuberculosis vaccines: Effect of cationic lipid and cholesterol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106730. [PMID: 38382622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still among the deadliest infectious diseases, hence there is a pressing need for more effective TB vaccines. Cationic liposome subunit vaccines are excellent vaccine candidates offering effective protection with a better safety profile than live vaccines. In this study, we aim to explore intrinsic adjuvant properties of cationic liposomes to maximize immune activation while minimizing aspecific cytotoxicity. To achieve this, we developed a rational strategy to select liposomal formulation compositions and assessed their physicochemical and immunological properties in vitro models using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). A broad selection of commercially available cationic compounds was tested to prepare liposomes containing Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2034 (AER) fusion protein antigen. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn‑glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EPC)-based liposomes exhibited the most advantageous activation profile in MDDCs as assessed by cell surface activation markers, cellular uptake, antigen-specific T-cell activation, cytokine production, and cellular viability. The addition of cholesterol to 20 mol% improved the performance of the tested formulations compared to those without it; however, when its concentration was doubled there was no further benefit, resulting in reduced cell viability. This study provides new insights into the role of cationic lipids and cholesterol in liposomal subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Szachniewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands.
| | - M A Neustrup
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - K E van Meijgaarden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - M C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - A Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - T H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
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5
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Munkwase G. Implications of vaccine non-specific effects on licensure of new vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:1013-1021. [PMID: 38242737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Immune memory was for a long time thought to be an exclusive feature of the adaptive immune system. Emerging evidence has shown that the innate immune system may exhibit memory which has been termed as trained immunity or innate immune memory. Trained immunity following vaccination may produce non-specific effects leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality from heterologous pathogens. This review looked at trained immunity as a mechanism for vaccine induced non-specific effects, mechanisms underlying trained immunity and known vaccine non-specific effects. A discussion is also made on the implications these vaccine non-specific effects may have on overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation by National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) during licensure of new vaccines. Epigenetic remodeling and "rewiring" of cellular metabolism in the innate immune cells especially monocytes, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells have been suggested to be the mechanisms underlying trained immunity. Trained immunity in other innate cells has largely remained elusive up to date. Non-specific effects have been extensively documented with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), measles vaccine and oral polio vaccine but it remains unclear if other vaccines may exhibit similar effects. All known vaccine non-specific effects have come from observations in epidemiological studies conducted post-vaccine licensure and roll out in target populations. It remains to be seen if early identification of non-specific effects especially those with protective benefits during the clinical development of new vaccines may contribute to the overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation during licensure by NMRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Munkwase
- National Drug Authority, Plot 93, Buganda Road, Kampala, Uganda; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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6
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Painter H, Harriss E, Fletcher HA, McShane H, Tanner R. Development and application of the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355983. [PMID: 38380319 PMCID: PMC10877019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction First described by Wallis et al. in 2001 for the assessment of TB drugs, the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) offers a tractable ex vivo tool measuring the combined influences of host immunity, strain virulence and intervention effects. Over the past 13 years, we have led efforts to adapt the direct MGIA for the assessment of TB vaccines including optimisation, harmonisation and validation of BCG vaccine-induced responses as a benchmark, as well as assay transfer to institutes worldwide. Methods We have performed a systematic review on the primary published literature describing the development and applications of the direct MGIA from 2001 to June 2023 in accordance with the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results We describe 63 studies in which the direct MGIA has been applied across species for the evaluation of TB drugs and novel TB vaccine candidates, the study of clinical cohorts including those with comorbidities, and to further understanding of potential immune correlates of protection from TB. We provide a comprehensive update on progress of the assay since its conception and critically evaluate current findings and evidence supporting its utility, highlighting priorities for future directions. Discussion While further standardisation and validation work is required, significant advancements have been made in the past two decades. The direct MGIA provides a potentially valuable tool for the early evaluation of TB drug and vaccine candidates, clinical cohorts, and immune mechanisms of mycobacterial control. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023423491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Painter
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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van Meijgaarden KE, Li W, Moorlag SJCFM, Koeken VACM, Koenen HJPM, Joosten LAB, Vyakarnam A, Ahmed A, Rakshit S, Adiga V, Ottenhoff THM, Li Y, Netea MG, Joosten SA. BCG vaccination-induced acquired control of mycobacterial growth differs from growth control preexisting to BCG vaccination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:114. [PMID: 38167829 PMCID: PMC10761850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin - vaccination induces not only protection in infants and young children against severe forms of tuberculosis, but also against non-tuberculosis related all-cause mortality. To delineate different factors influencing mycobacterial growth control, here we first investigate the effects of BCG-vaccination in healthy Dutch adults. About a quarter of individuals already control BCG-growth prior to vaccination, whereas a quarter of the vaccinees acquires the capacity to control BCG upon vaccination. This leaves half of the population incapable to control BCG-growth. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies multiple processes associated with mycobacterial growth control. These data suggest (i) that already controllers employ different mechanisms to control BCG-growth than acquired controllers, and (ii) that half of the individuals fail to develop measurable growth control irrespective of BCG-vaccination. These results shed important new light on the variable immune responses to mycobacteria in humans and may impact on improved vaccination against tuberculosis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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Bromley JD, Ganchua SKC, Nyquist SK, Maiello P, Chao M, Borish HJ, Rodgers M, Tomko J, Kracinovsky K, Mugahid D, Nguyen S, Wang D, Rosenberg JM, Klein EC, Gideon HP, Floyd-O’Sullivan R, Berger B, Scanga CA, Lin PL, Fortune SM, Shalek AK, Flynn JL. CD4 + T cells are homeostatic regulators during Mtb reinfection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572669. [PMID: 38187598 PMCID: PMC10769325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunological priming - either in the context of prior infection or vaccination - elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Here, using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrate that prior Mtb infection elicits a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and that the depletion of CD4+ T cells prior to Mtb rechallenge significantly abrogates this protection. Leveraging microbiologic, PET-CT, flow cytometric, and single-cell RNA-seq data from primary infection, reinfection, and reinfection-CD4+ T cell depleted granulomas, we identify differential cellular and microbial features of control. The data collectively demonstrate that the presence of CD4+ T cells in the setting of reinfection results in a reduced inflammatory lung milieu characterized by reprogrammed CD8+ T cell activity, reduced neutrophilia, and blunted type-1 immune signaling among myeloid cells, mitigating Mtb disease severity. These results open avenues for developing vaccines and therapeutics that not only target CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but also modulate innate immune cells to limit Mtb disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bromley
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Michael Chao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Mark Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Kara Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Douaa Mugahid
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Wang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin C. Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Lead contact
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9
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Ahmed A, Tripathi H, van Meijgaarden KE, Kumar NC, Adiga V, Rakshit S, Parthiban C, Eveline J S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Ottenhoff TH, Netea MG, Joosten SA, Vyakarnam A. BCG revaccination in adults enhances pro-inflammatory markers of trained immunity along with anti-inflammatory pathways. iScience 2023; 26:107889. [PMID: 37817935 PMCID: PMC10561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized mechanisms of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination-induced trained immunity (TI) in India. Adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were sampled longitudinally before and after a second BCG dose. BCG revaccination significantly elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi monocytes, demonstrating induction of TI. Mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cell interferon (IFN) γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly higher in re-vaccinees and correlated positively with HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi TI responses. This, however, did not translate into increased mycobacterial growth control, measured by mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA). Post revaccination, elevated secreted TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 to "heterologous" fungal, bacterial, and enhanced CXCL-10 and IFNα to viral stimuli were also observed concomitant with increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1RA. RNA sequencing after revaccination highlighted a BCG and LPS induced signature which included upregulated IL17 and TNF pathway genes and downregulated key inflammatory genes: CXCL11, CCL24, HLADRA, CTSS, CTSC. Our data highlight a balanced immune response comprising pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to be a feature of BCG revaccination-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharon Eveline J
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
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10
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Lai R, Ogunsola AF, Rakib T, Behar SM. Key advances in vaccine development for tuberculosis-success and challenges. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:158. [PMID: 37828070 PMCID: PMC10570318 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthrough findings in the clinical and preclinical development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have galvanized the field and suggest, for the first time since the development of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), that a novel and protective TB vaccine is on the horizon. Here we highlight the TB vaccines that are in the development pipeline and review the basis for optimism in both the clinical and preclinical space. We describe immune signatures that could act as immunological correlates of protection (CoP) to facilitate the development and comparison of vaccines. Finally, we discuss new animal models that are expected to more faithfully model the pathology and complex immune responses observed in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abiola F Ogunsola
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tasfia Rakib
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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11
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Braian C, Karlsson L, Das J, Lerm M. Selected β-Glucans Act as Immune-Training Agents by Improving Anti-Mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages: A Pilot Study. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:751-764. [PMID: 37734337 PMCID: PMC10616672 DOI: 10.1159/000533873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells by β-glucan in a process called trained immunity leads to an enhanced host response to a secondary infection. β-Glucans are structural components of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria and thus recognized as non-self by human macrophages. We selected the β-glucan curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis, WGP dispersible from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and β-glucan-rich culture supernatant of Alternaria and investigated whether they could produce trained immunity effects leading to an increased control of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We observed a significant M. tuberculosis growth reduction in macrophages trained with curdlan and Alternaria, which also correlated with increased IL-6 and IL-1β release. WGP dispersible-trained macrophages were stratified into "non-responders" and "responders," according to their ability to control M. tuberculosis, with "responders" producing higher IL-6 levels. The addition of neutrophils to infected macrophage cultures further enhanced macrophage control of virulent M. tuberculosis, but not in a stimuli-dependent manner. Pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylome data also highlighted hypomethylation of genes in pathways associated with signaling and cellular reorganization and motility, and "responders" to WGP training were enriched in the interferon-gamma signaling pathway. This study adds evidence that certain β-glucans show promise as immune-training agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Braian
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,
| | - Lovisa Karlsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jyotirmoy Das
- Bioinformatics, Core Facility, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Genomics Linköping, SciLife Laboratory, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Lerm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, CBCS, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Jalbert E, Liu C, Mave V, Lang N, Kagal A, Valvi C, Paradkar M, Gupte N, Lokhande R, Bharadwaj R, Kulkarni V, Gupta A, Weinberg A. Comparative immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people with latent infection or sterilizing protection. iScience 2023; 26:107425. [PMID: 37564701 PMCID: PMC10410524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great need for vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) more efficacious than the licensed BCG. Our goal was to identify new vaccine benchmarks by identifying immune responses that distinguish individuals able to eradicate the infection (TB-resisters) from individuals with latent infection (LTBI-participants). TB-resisters had higher frequencies of circulating CD8+ glucose monomycolate (GMM)+ Granzyme-B+ T cells than LTBI-participants and higher proportions of polyfunctional conventional and nonconventional T cells expressing Granzyme-B and/or PD-1 after ex vivo M. tuberculosis stimulation of blood mononuclear cells. LTBI-participants had higher expression of activation markers and cytokines, including IL10, and IFNγ. An exploratory analysis of BCG-recipients with minimal exposure to TB showed absence of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells, lower or equal proportions of Granzyme-B+PD-1+ polyfunctional T cells than TB-resisters and higher or equal than LTBI-participants. In conclusion, high Granzyme-B+PD-1+ T cell responses to M. tuberculosis and, possibly, of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells may be desirable for new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jalbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vidya Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anju Kagal
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chhaya Valvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandar Paradkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Lokhande
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Kulkarni
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Li M, Liu Y, Nie X, Ma B, Ma Y, Hou Y, Yang Y, Xu J, Wang Y. S100A4 Promotes BCG-Induced Pyroptosis of Macrophages by Activating the NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12709. [PMID: 37628889 PMCID: PMC10454862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a host immune strategy to defend against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. S100A4, a calcium-binding protein that plays an important role in promoting cancer progression as well as the pathophysiological development of various non-tumor diseases, has not been explored in Mtb-infected hosts. In this study, transcriptome analysis of the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) revealed that S100A4 and GSDMD were significantly up-regulated in PTB patients' peripheral blood. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the expression of GSDMD and S100A4. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes between PTB patients and healthy controls were significantly related to inflammation, such as the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. To investigate the regulatory effects of S100A4 on macrophage pyroptosis, THP-1 macrophages infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were pre-treated with exogenous S100A4, S100A4 inhibitor or si-S100A4. This research study has shown that S100A4 promotes the pyroptosis of THP-1 macrophages caused by BCG infection and activates NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathways, which can be inhibited by knockdown or inhibition of S100A4. In addition, inhibition of NF-κB or NLRP3 blocks the promotion effect of S100A4 on BCG-induced pyroptosis of THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, S100A4 activates the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to promote macrophage pyroptosis induced by Mtb infection. These data provide new insights into how S100A4 affects Mtb-induced macrophage pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xueyi Nie
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Boli Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yabo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuxin Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinrui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yujiong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (X.N.); (B.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.)
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14
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Huang Y, Zhu C, Pan L, Zhang Z. The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acetyltransferase and protein acetylation modifications in tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218583. [PMID: 37560320 PMCID: PMC10407107 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), which has been a significant burden for a long time. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for protein function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This review focuses on the contribution of protein acetylation to the function of M. tb and its infected macrophages. The acetylation of M. tb proteins plays a critical role in virulence, drug resistance, regulation of metabolism, and host anti-TB immune response. Similarly, the PTMs of host proteins induced by M. tb are crucial for the development, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Host protein acetylation induced by M. tb is significant in regulating host immunity against TB, which substantially affects the disease's development. The review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of M. tb acetyltransferase in virulence and drug resistance. It also discusses the role and mechanism of M. tb in regulating host protein acetylation and immune response regulation. Furthermore, the current scenario of isoniazid usage in M. tb therapy treatment is examined. Overall, this review provides valuable information that can serve as a preliminary basis for studying pathogenic research, developing new drugs, exploring in-depth drug resistance mechanisms, and providing precise treatment for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Maceiras AR, Silvério D, Gonçalves R, Cardoso MS, Saraiva M. Infection with hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers emergency myelopoiesis but not trained immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211404. [PMID: 37383236 PMCID: PMC10296772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During infection, bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis is reprogrammed toward myeloid cell production, a mechanism named emergency myelopoiesis. In addition to replenishing myeloid cells, emergency myelopoiesis has been linked to trained immunity, a process that allows enhanced innate immune responses to secondary challenges. Although hematopoietic alterations during tuberculosis (TB) have been described and Mycobacterium tuberculosis may colonize the BM, studies using the mouse model of infection and the laboratory reference strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv have demonstrated limited emergency myelopoiesis and trained immunity. Methods To further address this issue, we aerosol- infected C57BL/6 mice with high doses of the hypervirulent M. tuberculosis isolate HN878 and monitored alterations to the BM. This experimental model better resembles the human blood immune signature of TB. Results and discussion We found increased frequencies of lineage-Sca-1+cKit+ (LSK) cells and the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) population. At the mature cell level, we observed an increase of monocytes and neutrophils in the blood and lung, likely reflecting the increased BM myeloid output. Monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages recovered from the BM of M. tuberculosis HN878-infected mice did not show signs of trained immunity, suggesting an uncoupling of emergency myelopoiesis and trained immunity in the BM. Surprisingly, M. tuberculosis HN878-induced emergency myelopoiesis was not fully dependent on IFNγ, as mice lacking this cytokine and infected under the same conditions as wild-type mice still presented BM alterations. These data expand our understanding of the immune response to M. tuberculosis and raise awareness of pathogen strain-imposed differences to host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Maceiras
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Silvério
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos S. Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
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Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
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17
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Sampath P, Rajamanickam A, Thiruvengadam K, Natarajan AP, Hissar S, Dhanapal M, Thangavelu B, Jayabal L, Ramesh PM, Ranganathan UD, Babu S, Bethunaickan R. Plasma chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential diagnostic markers of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7404. [PMID: 37149713 PMCID: PMC10163852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis still remains to be a challenge with the currently used immune based diagnostic methods particularly Interferon Gamma Release Assay due to the sensitivity issues and their inability in differentiating stages of TB infection. Immune markers are valuable sources for understanding disease biology and are easily accessible. Chemokines, the stimulant, and the shaper of host immune responses are the vital hub for disease mediated dysregulation and their varied levels in TB disease are considered as an important marker to define the disease status. Hence, we wanted to examine the levels of chemokines among the individuals with drug-resistant, drug-sensitive, and latent TB compared to healthy individuals. Our results demonstrated that the differential levels of chemokines between the study groups and revealed that CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential markers of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive TB with better stage discriminating abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sampath
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600 031, India
| | | | - Kannan Thiruvengadam
- Department of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | - Syed Hissar
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Madhavan Dhanapal
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600 031, India
| | - Bharathiraja Thangavelu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600 031, India
| | - Subash Babu
- ICMR-NIRT-NIH-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ramalingam Bethunaickan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600 031, India.
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18
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Enrico P, Delvecchio G, Turtulici N, Aronica R, Pigoni A, Squarcina L, Villa FM, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Bellani M, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Scocco P, D'Agostino A, Torresani S, Imbesi M, Bellini F, Veronese A, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Gennarelli M, Balestrieri M, Colombo GI, Finardi A, Ruggeri M, Furlan R, Brambilla P. A machine learning approach on whole blood immunomarkers to identify an inflammation-associated psychosis onset subgroup. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1190-1200. [PMID: 36604602 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis onset is a transdiagnostic event that leads to a range of psychiatric disorders, which are currently diagnosed through clinical observation. The integration of multimodal biological data could reveal different subtypes of psychosis onset to target for the personalization of care. In this study, we tested the existence of subgroups of patients affected by first-episode psychosis (FEP) with a possible immunopathogenic basis. To do this, we designed a data-driven unsupervised machine learning model to cluster a sample of 127 FEP patients and 117 healthy controls (HC), based on the peripheral blood expression levels of 12 psychosis-related immune gene transcripts. To validate the model, we applied a resampling strategy based on the half-splitting of the total sample with random allocation of the cases. Further, we performed a post-hoc univariate analysis to verify the clinical, cognitive, and structural brain correlates of the subgroups identified. The model identified and validated two distinct clusters: 1) a FEP cluster characterized by the high expression of inflammatory and immune-activating genes (IL1B, CCR7, IL12A and CXCR3); 2) a cluster consisting of an equal number of FEP and HC subjects, which did not show a relative over or under expression of any immune marker (balanced subgroup). None of the subgroups was related to specific symptoms dimensions or longitudinal diagnosis of affective vs non-affective psychosis. FEP patients included in the balanced immune subgroup showed a thinning of the left supramarginal and superiorfrontal cortex (FDR-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Our results demonstrated the existence of a FEP patients' subgroup identified by a multivariate pattern of immunomarkers involved in inflammatory activation. This evidence may pave the way to sample stratification in clinical studies aiming to develop diagnostic tools and therapies targeting specific immunopathogenic pathways of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzio Turtulici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Aronica
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo M Villa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,USD Clinical Psychology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria G Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Scocco
- Department of Mental Health, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Armando D'Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Torresani
- Department of Psychiatry, ULSS, Bolzano Suedtiroler Sanitaetbetrieb- Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Goudouris E, Aranda CS, Solé D. Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99 Suppl 1:S22-S27. [PMID: 36309066 PMCID: PMC10066422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the beginning of its use for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 1921, other uses of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) have been proposed, particularly in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Its beneficial impact on other infections, by nontuberculous mycobacteria, and by viruses, has been more often studied in recent years, especially after the introduction of the concept of trained immunity. The present study's objective was to review the possible indications of BCG and the immunological rationale for these indications. DATA SOURCE Non-systematic review carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, using the following search terms: "BCG" and "history", "efficacy", "use", "cancer", "trained immunity", "other infections", "autoimmune diseases". DATA SYNTHESIS There is epidemiological evidence that BCG can reduce overall child morbidity/mortality beyond what would be expected from TB control. BCG is able to promote cross-immunity with nontuberculous mycobacteria and other bacteria. BCG promotes in vitro changes that increase innate immune response to other infections, mainly viral ones, through mechanisms known as trained immunity. Effects on cancer, except bladder cancer, and on autoimmune and allergic diseases are debatable. CONCLUSIONS Despite evidence obtained from in vitro studies, and some epidemiological and clinical evidence, more robust evidence of in vivo efficacy is still needed to justify the use of BCG in clinical practice, in addition to what is recommended by the National Immunization Program for TB prevention and bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Goudouris
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Serviço de Alergia e Imunologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Sanchez Aranda
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Du J, Su Y, Wang R, Dong E, Cao Y, Zhao W, Gong W. Research progress on specific and non-specific immune effects of BCG and the possibility of BCG protection against COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118378. [PMID: 36798128 PMCID: PMC9927227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention worldwide. BCG has an excellent protective effect on miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in children or infants. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have shown that BCG vaccination can induce nonspecific and specific immunity to fight against other respiratory disease pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. The continuous emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 makes the protective efficiency of COVID-19-specific vaccines an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that BCG-induced trained immunity might protect against COVID-19 infection. This study comprehensively described BCG-induced nonspecific and specific immunity and the mechanism of trained immunity. In addition, this study also reviewed the research on BCG revaccination to prevent TB, the impact of BCG on other non-tuberculous diseases, and the clinical trials of BCG to prevent COVID-19 infection. These data will provide new evidence to confirm the hypotheses mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Du
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Su
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enjun Dong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Rakshit S, Adiga V, Ahmed A, Parthiban C, Chetan Kumar N, Dwarkanath P, Shivalingaiah S, Rao S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Maguire TJA, Doores KJ, Zoodsma M, Geckin B, Dasgupta P, Babji S, van Meijgaarden KE, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Li Y, Netea MG, Stuart KD, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Vyakarnam A. Evidence for the heterologous benefits of prior BCG vaccination on COVISHIELD™ vaccine-induced immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985938. [PMID: 36268023 PMCID: PMC9577398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study tested if prior BCG revaccination can qualitatively and quantitively enhance antibody and T-cell responses induced by Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 or COVISHIELD™, an efficacious and the most widely distributed vaccine in India. We compared COVISHIELD™ induced longitudinal immune responses in 21 BCG re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) and 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were BCG vaccinated at birth; latent tuberculosis negative and SARS-CoV-2 seronegative prior to COVISHIELD™ vaccination. Compared to BCG-NRV, BCG-RV displayed significantly higher and persistent spike-specific neutralizing (n) Ab titers and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells for eight months post COVISHIELD™ booster, including distinct CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IFN-γ- effector memory (EM) subsets co-expressing IL-2, TNF-α and activation induced markers (AIM) CD154/CD137 as well as CD8+IFN-γ+ EM,TEMRA (T cell EM expressing RA) subset combinations co-expressing TNF-α and AIM CD137/CD69. Additionally, elevated nAb and T-cell responses to the Delta mutant in BCG-RV highlighted greater immune response breadth. Mechanistically, these BCG adjuvant effects were associated with elevated markers of trained immunity, including higher IL-1β and TNF-α expression in CD14+HLA-DR+monocytes and changes in chromatin accessibility highlighting BCG-induced epigenetic changes. This study provides first in-depth analysis of both antibody and memory T-cell responses induced by COVISHIELD™ in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young adults in India with strong evidence of a BCG-induced booster effect and therefore a rational basis to validate BCG, a low-cost and globally available vaccine, as an adjuvant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses to current and emerging COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Srishti Rao
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Martijn Zoodsma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Busranur Geckin
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Liver Renal Urology Transplant Gastro/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inflammation Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simone A. Joosten
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Annapurna Vyakarnam, ;
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22
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Singh S, Saavedra-Avila NA, Tiwari S, Porcelli SA. A century of BCG vaccination: Immune mechanisms, animal models, non-traditional routes and implications for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959656. [PMID: 36091032 PMCID: PMC9459386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a vaccine against tuberculosis since 1921 and remains the only currently approved vaccine for this infection. The recent discovery that BCG protects against initial infection, and not just against progression from latent to active disease, has significant implications for ongoing research into the immune mechanisms that are relevant to generate a solid host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this review, we first explore the different components of immunity that are augmented after BCG vaccination. Next, we summarize current efforts to improve the efficacy of BCG through the development of recombinant strains, heterologous prime-boost approaches and the deployment of non-traditional routes. These efforts have included the development of new recombinant BCG strains, and various strategies for expression of important antigens such as those deleted during the M. bovis attenuation process or antigens that are present only in Mtb. BCG is typically administered via the intradermal route, raising questions about whether this could account for its apparent failure to generate long-lasting immunological memory in the lungs and the inconsistent level of protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the mucosal and intravenous delivery routes as they have been shown to induce a better immune response both in the systemic and mucosal compartments. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the ability of BCG to confer trained immunity in a non-specific manner by broadly stimulating a host immunity resulting in a generalized survival benefit in neonates and the elderly, while potentially offering benefits for the control of new and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Given that BCG will likely continue to be widely used well into the future, it remains of critical importance to better understand the immune responses driven by it and how to leverage these for the design of improved vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Shivani Singh,
| | | | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Ning H, Kang J, Lu Y, Liang X, Zhou J, Ren R, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Bai L, Zhang L, Kang Y, Gao X, Xu M, Ma Y, Zhang F, Bai Y. Cyclic di-AMP as endogenous adjuvant enhanced BCG-induced trained immunity and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943667. [PMID: 36081510 PMCID: PMC9445367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a licensed prophylactic vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Current TB vaccine efforts focus on improving BCG effects through recombination or genetic attenuation and/or boost with different vaccines. Recent years, it was revealed that BCG could elicit non-specific heterogeneous protection against other pathogens such as viruses through a process termed trained immunity. Previously, we constructed a recombinant BCG (rBCG-DisA) with elevated c-di-AMP as endogenous adjuvant by overexpressing di-adenylate cyclase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DisA, and found that rBCG-DisA induced enhanced immune responses by subcutaneous route in mice after M. tuberculosis infection. In this study, splenocytes from rBCG-DisA immunized mice by intravenous route (i.v) elicited greater proinflammatory cytokine responses to homologous and heterologous re-stimulations than BCG. After M. tuberculosis infection, rBCG-DisA immunized mice showed hallmark responses of trained immunity including potent proinflammatory cytokine responses, enhanced epigenetic changes, altered lncRNA expressions and metabolic rewiring in bone marrow cells and other tissues. Moreover, rBCG-DisA immunization induced higher levels of antibodies and T cells responses in the lung and spleen of mice after M. tuberculosis infection. It was found that rBCG-DisA resided longer than BCG in the lung of M. tuberculosis infected mice implying prolonged duration of vaccine efficacy. Then, we found that rBCG-DisA boosting could prolong survival of BCG-primed mice over 90 weeks against M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings provided in vivo experimental evidence that rBCG-DisA with c-di-AMP as endogenous adjuvant induced enhanced trained immunity and adaptive immunity. What’s more, rBCG-DisA showed promising potential in prime-boost strategy against M. tuberculosis infection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Linna Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yali Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yinlan Bai, ; Fanglin Zhang,
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yinlan Bai, ; Fanglin Zhang,
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24
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Mantov N, Zrounba M, Brollo M, Grassin-Delyle S, Glorion M, David M, Naline E, Devillier P, Salvator H. Ruxolitinib inhibits cytokine production by human lung macrophages without impairing phagocytic ability. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896167. [PMID: 36059986 PMCID: PMC9437255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has been approved in an indication of myelofibrosis and is a candidate for the treatment of a number of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We assessed the effects of ruxolitinib on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and poly (I:C)-induced cytokine production by human lung macrophages (LMs) and on the LMs’ phagocytic activity.Methods: Human LMs were isolated from patients operated on for lung carcinoma. The LMs were cultured with ruxolitinib (0.5 × 10−7 M to 10–5 M) or budesonide (10–11 to 10–8 M) and then stimulated with LPS (10 ng·ml−1) or poly (I:C) (10 μg·ml−1) for 24 h. Cytokines released by the LMs into the supernatants were measured using ELISAs. The phagocytosis of labelled bioparticles was assessed using flow cytometry.Results: Ruxolitinib inhibited both the LPS- and poly (I:C)-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, chemokines CCL2, and CXCL10 in a concentration-dependent manner. Ruxolitinib also inhibited the poly (I:C)- induced (but not the LPS-induced) production of IL-1ß. Budesonide inhibited cytokine production more strongly than ruxolitinib but failed to mitigate the production of CXCL10. The LMs’ phagocytic activity was not impaired by the highest tested concentration (10–5 M) of ruxolitinib.Conclusion: Clinically relevant concentrations of ruxolitinib inhibited the LPS- and poly (I:C)-stimulated production of cytokines by human LMs but did not impair their phagocytic activity. Overall, ruxolitinib’s anti-inflammatory activities are less intense than (but somewhat different from) those of budesonide—particularly with regard to the production of the corticosteroid-resistant chemokine CXCL-10. Our results indicate that treatment with a JAK inhibitor might be a valuable anti-inflammatory strategy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Th1-high asthma, and both viral and non-viral acute respiratory distress syndromes (including coronavirus disease 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Mantov
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Mathilde Zrounba
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Marion Brollo
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - S Grassin-Delyle
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Infection and Inflammation, Health Biotechnology Department, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Matthieu Glorion
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Mélanie David
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ Paris-Saclay University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ Paris-Saclay University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- *Correspondence: Hélène Salvator,
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25
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Nemes E, Fiore-Gartland A, Boggiano C, Coccia M, D'Souza P, Gilbert P, Ginsberg A, Hyrien O, Laddy D, Makar K, McElrath MJ, Ramachandra L, Schmidt AC, Shororbani S, Sunshine J, Tomaras G, Yu WH, Scriba TJ, Frahm N. The quest for vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis. VACCINE INSIGHTS 2022; 1:165-181. [PMID: 37091190 PMCID: PMC10117634 DOI: 10.18609/vac/2022.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunization strategies against tuberculosis (TB) that confer better protection than neonatal vaccination with the 101-year-old Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) are urgently needed to control the epidemic, but clinical development is hampered by a lack of established immune correlates of protection (CoPs). Two phase 2b clinical trials offer the first opportunity to discover human CoPs against TB. Adolescent BCG re-vaccination showed partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, as measured by sustained IFNγ release assay (IGRA) conversion. Adult M72/AS01E vaccination showed partial protection against pulmonary TB. We describe two collaborative research programs to discover CoPs against TB and ensure rigorous, streamlined use of available samples, involving international immunology experts in TB and state-of-the-art technologies, sponsors and funders. Hypotheses covering immune responses thought to be important in protection against TB have been defined and prioritized. A statistical framework to integrate the data analysis strategy was developed. Exploratory analyses will be performed to generate novel hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cesar Boggiano
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Patricia D'Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Peter Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ann Ginsberg
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Karen Makar
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ramachandra
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Solmaz Shororbani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justine Sunshine
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Ahmad F, Rani A, Alam A, Zarin S, Pandey S, Singh H, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Macrophage: A Cell With Many Faces and Functions in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:747799. [PMID: 35603185 PMCID: PMC9122124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.747799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB) which primarily infects the macrophages. Nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected latently by Mtb. Only around 5%-10% of those infected develop active TB disease, particularly during suppressed host immune conditions or comorbidity such as HIV, hinting toward the heterogeneity of Mtb infection. The aerosolized Mtb first reaches the lungs, and the resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter the Mtb infection. Evidence suggests that early clearance of Mtb infection is associated with robust innate immune responses in resident macrophages. In addition to lung-resident macrophage subsets, the recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) have been suggested to have a protective role during Mtb infection. Mtb, by virtue of its unique cell surface lipids and secreted protein effectors, can evade killing by the innate immune cells and preferentially establish a niche within the AMs. Continuous efforts to delineate the determinants of host defense mechanisms have brought to the center stage the crucial role of macrophage phenotypical variations for functional adaptations in TB. The morphological and functional heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophages aid in confining the dissemination of Mtb. However, during a suppressed or hyperactivated immune state, the Mtb virulence factors can affect macrophage homeostasis which may skew to favor pathogen growth, causing active TB. This mini-review is aimed at summarizing the interplay of Mtb pathomechanisms in the macrophages and the implications of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity during Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshu Rani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Zarin
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nasreen Zafar Ehtesham
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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27
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Barman S, Soni D, Brook B, Nanishi E, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccine Development: Cues From Natural Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:662218. [PMID: 35222350 PMCID: PMC8866702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccine development against infectious diseases has been guided by the overarching aim to generate efficacious vaccines normally indicated by an antibody and/or cellular response that correlates with protection. However, this approach has been shown to be only a partially effective measure, since vaccine- and pathogen-specific immunity may not perfectly overlap. Thus, some vaccine development strategies, normally focused on targeted generation of both antigen specific antibody and T cell responses, resulting in a long-lived heterogenous and stable pool of memory lymphocytes, may benefit from better mimicking the immune response of a natural infection. However, challenges to achieving this goal remain unattended, due to gaps in our understanding of human immunity and full elucidation of infectious pathogenesis. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of effective vaccines, focusing on how understanding the differences in the immunizing and non-immunizing immune responses to natural infections and corresponding shifts in immune ontogeny are crucial to inform the next generation of infectious disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Sivakumaran D, Jenum S, Ritz C, Vaz M, Doherty TM, Grewal HMS. Improving Assignments for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Treatment Within TB Households. A Potential for Immuno-Diagnosis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:801616. [PMID: 35401549 PMCID: PMC8993507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.801616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can lead to more severe disease and increased transmission. Contact investigation among household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes. In the context of a prospective cohort study in Palamaner, Southern India, this study attempted to assess the potential of 27 different soluble immune markers to accurately assign HHCs for appropriate treatment. A multiplex bead assay was applied on QuantiFERON (QFT)-nil supernatants collected from 89 HHCs grouped by longitudinal QFT status; M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infected (QFT positive at baseline and follow-up, n = 30), recent QFT converters (QFT-negative at baseline, n = 27) and converted to QFT-positivity within 6 months of exposure (at follow-up, n = 24) and QFT consistent negatives (n = 32). The 29 TB index cases represented Active TB. Active TB cases and HHCs with Mtb infection produced significantly different levels of both pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, IL17, IL8, IP10, MIP-1α, MIP1β, and VEGF) and anti-inflammatory (IL9 and IL1RA) cytokines. We identified a 4-protein signature (bFGF, IFNγ, IL9, and IP10) that correctly classified HHCs with Mtb infection vs. Active TB with a specificity of 92.6%, suggesting that this 4-protein signature has the potential to assign HHCs for either full-length TB treatment or preventive TB treatment. We further identified a 4-protein signature (bFGF, GCSF, IFNγ, and IL1RA) that differentiated HHCs with Mtb infection from QFT consistent negatives with a specificity of 62.5%, but not satisfactory to safely assign HHCs to no preventive TB treatment. QFT conversion, reflecting new Mtb infection, induced an elevated median concentration in nearly two-thirds (19/27) of the analyzed soluble markers compared to the levels measured at baseline. Validation in other studies is warranted in order to establish the potential of the immune biosignatures for optimized TB case detection and assignment to therapeutic and preventive treatment of Mtb infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Sivakumaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Harleen M. S. Grewal, ; Synne Jenum,
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Vaz
- Department of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
- Division of Health and Humanities, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Harleen M. S. Grewal, ; Synne Jenum,
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29
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Zhang B, Moorlag SJ, Domínguez-Andrés J, Bulut Ö, Kilic G, Liu Z, van Crevel R, Xu CJ, Joosten LA, Netea MG, Li Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals induction of distinct trained immunity programs in human monocytes. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:147719. [PMID: 35133977 PMCID: PMC8970681 DOI: 10.1172/jci147719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity refers to the long-lasting memory traits of innate immunity. Recent studies have shown that trained immunity is orchestrated by sustained changes in epigenetic marks and metabolic pathways, leading to an altered transcriptional response towards a second challenge. However, the potential heterogeneity of trained immunity induction in innate immune cells has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrate cellular transcriptional programs to four different inducers of trained immunity in monocyte populations at single-cell resolution. Specifically, we identified three monocyte subpopulations upon the induction of trained immunity, and replicated these findings in an in vivo study. In addition, we found gene signatures consistent with these functional programs in ulcerative colitis, sepsis and COVID-19 patients, suggesting the impact of trained immunity programs in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Simone Jcfm Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Özlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Leo Ab Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
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30
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Ramírez MA, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. BCG vaccination induces cross-protective immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:322-335. [PMID: 35074254 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain used as a vaccine to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Its ability to potentiate the immune response induced by other vaccines and to promote nonspecific immunomodulatory effects has been described. These effects can be triggered by epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic shifts on innate immune cells, a phenomenon known as trained immunity. The induction of trained immunity may contribute to explain why BCG vaccination effectively decreases disease symptoms caused by pathogens different from M. tb. This article explains the importance of BCG immunization and the possible mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity, which might be used as a strategy for rapid activation of the immune system against unrelated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
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31
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Setiabudiawan TP, Reurink RK, Hill PC, Netea MG, van Crevel R, Koeken VACM. Protection against tuberculosis by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination: A historical perspective. MED 2022; 3:6-24. [PMID: 35590145 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was developed exactly 100 years ago, and it is still the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine and the most frequently administered of all vaccines worldwide. Despite universal vaccination policies in TB-endemic settings, the burden of TB remains high. Although BCG protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease, the level of protection varies greatly between age groups and settings. In this review, we present a historical perspective and describe the evidence for BCG's ability to protect against TB as well as the factors that influence protection. We also present the immunological mechanisms through which BCG vaccination induces protection, focusing on T cell, B cell, and innate immunity. Finally, we discuss several possibilities to boost BCG's efficacy, including alternative vaccination routes, BCG revaccination, and use of recombinant BCG vaccines, and describe the knowledge gaps that exist with respect to BCG's protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todia P Setiabudiawan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Remi K Reurink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C Hill
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, North Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Județul Dolj 200349, Romania
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany; TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany.
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32
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Bitencourt J, Peralta-Álvarez MP, Wilkie M, Jacobs A, Wright D, Salman Almujri S, Li S, Harris SA, Smith SG, Elias SC, White AD, Satti I, Sharpe SS, O’Shea MK, McShane H, Tanner R. Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798207. [PMID: 35069580 PMCID: PMC8767055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and the only currently-licensed vaccine, BCG, is inadequate. Many TB vaccine candidates are designed to be given as a boost to BCG; an understanding of the BCG-induced immune response is therefore critical, and the opportunity to relate this to circumstances where BCG does confer protection may direct the design of more efficacious vaccines. While the T cell response to BCG vaccination has been well-characterized, there is a paucity of literature on the humoral response. We demonstrate BCG vaccine-mediated induction of specific antibodies in different human populations and macaque species which represent important preclinical models for TB vaccine development. We observe a strong correlation between antibody titers in serum versus plasma with modestly higher titers in serum. We also report for the first time the rapid and transient induction of antibody-secreting plasmablasts following BCG vaccination, together with a robust and durable memory B cell response in humans. Finally, we demonstrate a functional role for BCG vaccine-induced specific antibodies in opsonizing mycobacteria and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis in vitro, which may contribute to the BCG vaccine-mediated control of mycobacterial growth observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that the humoral immune response in the context of BCG vaccination merits further attention to determine whether TB vaccine candidates could benefit from the induction of humoral as well as cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bitencourt
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Morven Wilkie
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Jacobs
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shuailin Li
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C. Elias
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sally S. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:21-26. [PMID: 33731810 PMCID: PMC8446109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global emergency in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, in which host immunity is dysregulated and compromised. However, the pathogenesis and efficacy of therapeutic strategies in HIV-associated TB in developing infants are essentially lacking. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is not adequately effective, which confers partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infants when administered at birth. However, pediatric HIV infection is most devastating in the disease progression of TB. It remains challenging whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) could maintain immune development and function, and restore Mtb-specific immune function in HIV-associated TB in children. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric Mtb infection is essential to provide more effective interventions, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in HIV-associated Mtb infection in infants. IMPACT: Children living with HIV are more likely prone to opportunistic infection, predisposing high risk of TB diseases. HIV and Mtb coinfection in infants may synergistically accelerate disease progression. Early ART may probably induce immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and TB pathology in HIV/Mtb coinfected infants.
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Zonghai C, Tao L, Pengjiao M, Liang G, Rongchuan Z, Xinyan W, Wenyi N, Wei L, Yi W, Lang B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 modulates host innate immunity by downregulating miR-222-3p target PTEN. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166292. [PMID: 34710568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and it is instant to discover novel anti-TB drugs due to the rapidly growing drug-resistance TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secreted effector ESAT6 plays a critical role in modulation miRNAs to regulate host defense mechanisms during Mtb infection, it can be a possible target for new tuberculosis drugs. The non-tuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) and Mtb have high gene homology but no pathogenicity. We used ESAT6 to interfere with macrophages or mice infected by M. smegmatis and determined that it enhanced the survival rate of bacteria and regulated miR-222-3p target PTEN. Expression of miR-222-3p reduced and PTEN enhanced with the progression of macrophages infected by M. smegmatis with ESAT6 co-incubation. MiR-222-3p overexpression diminished M. smegmatis survival and upregulated proinflammatory cytokines. VO-Ohpic trihydrate (PTEN inhibitor) reduced M. smegmatis survival and upregulated proinflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro, and VO-Ohpic trihydrate reversed the tissue damage of mouse organs caused by ESAT6. These results uncover an ESAT6 dependent role for miR-222-3p and its target PTEN in regulating host immune responses to bacterial infection and may provide a potential site for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs that specifically antagonize the virulence of ESAT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zonghai
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luo Tao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ma Pengjiao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Rongchuan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wang Xinyan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ni Wenyi
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liao Wei
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wang Yi
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bao Lang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Suliman S, Pelzer PT, Shaku M, Rozot V, Mendelsohn SC. Meeting report: Virtual Global Forum on Tuberculosis Vaccines, 20-22 April 2021. Vaccine 2021; 39:7223-7229. [PMID: 34538522 PMCID: PMC8441545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Global Forum on Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccines was held virtually from 20 to 22 April 2021, marking its 20th anniversary. The Global Forum on TB Vaccines is the world's largest gathering of stakeholders striving to develop new vaccines to prevent TB. The program included more than 60 speakers in 11 scientific sessions, panel discussions, and workshops. It provided an overview of the state of the field, and an opportunity to share the latest research findings, as well as new and innovative approaches to TB vaccine research and development (R&D). This year, it was held against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and convened researchers, developers, funders, and other stakeholders remotely to discuss opportunities and challenges for TB vaccine R&D in these unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, New York, NY, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Puck T Pelzer
- Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, New York, NY, USA; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Moagi Shaku
- Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginie Rozot
- Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, New York, NY, USA; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Wernher and Beit South Building, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Simon C Mendelsohn
- Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, New York, NY, USA; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Wernher and Beit South Building, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Quantitative Rapid Test for Detection and Monitoring of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121260. [PMID: 34943175 PMCID: PMC8698365 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are relevant models to study the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the potential of TB therapies, but rapid tools allowing diagnosis of active pulmonary TB in NHPs are lacking. This study investigates whether low complexity lateral flow assays utilizing upconverting reporter particles (UCP-LFAs) developed for rapid detection of human serum proteins can be applied to detect and monitor active pulmonary TB in NHPs. UCP-LFAs were used to assess serum proteins levels and changes in relation to the MTB challenge dosage, lung pathology, treatment, and disease outcome in experimentally MTB-infected macaques. Serum levels of SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 showed a significant increase after MTB infection in rhesus macaques and correlated with disease severity as determined by pathology scoring. Moreover, these biomarkers could sensitively detect the reduction of bacterial levels in the lungs of macaques due to BCG vaccination or drug treatment. Quantitative measurements by rapid UCP-LFAs specific for SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 in serum can be utilized to detect active progressive pulmonary TB in macaques. The UCP-LFAs thus offer a low-cost, convenient, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool that can be applied in studies on TB vaccine and drug development involving macaques.
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Ahmad F, Umar MS, Khan N, Jamal F, Gupta P, Zubair S, Gupta UD, Owais M. Immunotherapy With 5, 15-DPP Mediates Macrophage M1 Polarization and Modulates Subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infectivity in rBCG30 Immunized Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706727. [PMID: 34777338 PMCID: PMC8586420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant and continuing problem worldwide, with a death toll of around 1.5 million human lives annually. BCG, the only vaccine against TB, offers a varied degree of protection among human subjects in different regions and races of the world. The majority of the population living near the tropics carries a varying degree of tolerance against BCG due to the widespread prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Interestingly, ≈90% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected population restrain the bacilli on its own, which strengthens the notion of empowering the host immune system to advance the protective efficacy of existing mycobacterial vaccines. In general, Mtb modulates IL-10/STAT3 signaling to skew host mononuclear phagocytes toward an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory state that helps it thrive against hostile immune advances. We hypothesized that modulating the IL-10/STAT3 driven anti-inflammatory effects in mononuclear cells may improve the prophylactic ability of TB vaccines. This study investigated the immunotherapeutic ability of a porphyrin based small molecule inhibitor of IL-10/STAT3 axis, 5, 15-diphenyl porphyrin (DPP), in improving anti-TB immunity offered by second generation recombinant BCG30 (rBCG30-ARMF-II®) vaccine in mice. The DPP therapy potentiated vaccine induced anti-TB immunity by down-modulating anti-inflammatory responses, while simultaneously up-regulating pro-inflammatory immune effector responses in the immunized host. The employed DPP based immunotherapy led to the predominant activation/proliferation of pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages/DCs, the concerted expansion of CD4+/CD8+ effector and central memory T cells, alongside balanced Th17 and Treg cell amplification, and conferred augmented resistance to aerosol Mtb challenge in rBCG30 immunized BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nazoora Khan
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Fauzia Jamal
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3 Animal Experimentation Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Japanese Leprosy Mission for Asia (JALMA) Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Umesh Datta Gupta
- Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3 Animal Experimentation Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Japanese Leprosy Mission for Asia (JALMA) Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Delemarre EM, van Hoorn L, Bossink AWJ, Drylewicz J, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Akkerman OW, Goletti D, Petruccioli E, Navarra A, van den Broek BTA, Paardekooper SPA, van Haeften I, Koenderman L, Lammers JWJ, Thijsen SFT, Hofland RW, Nierkens S. Serum Biomarker Profile Including CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and Adenosine Deaminase Activity Distinguishes Active From Remotely Acquired Latent Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725447. [PMID: 34691031 PMCID: PMC8529994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an urgent medical need to differentiate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and prevent undertreatment and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to identify biomarker profiles that may support the differentiation between ATB and LTBI and to validate these signatures. Materials and Methods The discovery cohort included adult individuals classified in four groups: ATB (n = 20), LTBI without prophylaxis (untreated LTBI; n = 20), LTBI after completion of prophylaxis (treated LTBI; n = 20), and healthy controls (HC; n = 20). Their sera were analyzed for 40 cytokines/chemokines and activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) isozymes. A prediction model was designed to differentiate ATB from untreated LTBI using sparse partial least squares (sPLS) and logistic regression analyses. Serum samples of two independent cohorts (national and international) were used for validation. Results sPLS regression analyses identified C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), C-reactive protein (CRP), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the most discriminating biomarkers. These markers and ADA(2) activity were significantly increased in ATB compared to untreated LTBI (p ≤ 0.007). Combining CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and ADA2 activity yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, in differentiating ATB from untreated LTBI. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort including remotely acquired untreated LTBI participants. Conclusion The biomarker signature of CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and ADA2 activity provides a promising tool for differentiating patients with ATB from non-treated LTBI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Delemarre
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Platform Immune Monitoring (PIM), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura van Hoorn
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aik W J Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Onno W Akkerman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Assunta Navarra
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sanne P A Paardekooper
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ineke van Haeften
- Department of Tuberculosis, Municipal Public Health Service, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem J Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven F T Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Regina W Hofland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Platform Immune Monitoring (PIM), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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BCG-induced immunity profiles in household contacts of leprosy patients differentiate between protection and disease. Vaccine 2021; 39:7230-7237. [PMID: 34688497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae leading to irreversible disabilities along with social exclusion. Leprosy is a spectral disease for which the clinical outcome after M. leprae infection is determined by host factors. The spectrum spans from anti-inflammatory T helper-2 (Th2) immunity concomitant with large numbers of bacteria as well as antibodies against M. leprae antigens in multibacillary (MB) leprosy, to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy characterised by strong pro-inflammatory, Th1 as well as Th17 immunity. Despite decades of availability of adequate antibiotic treatment, transmission of M. leprae is unabated. Since individuals with close and frequent contact with untreated leprosy patients are particularly at risk to develop the disease themselves, prophylactic strategies currently focus on household contacts of newly diagnosed patients. It has been shown that BCG (re)vaccination can reduce the risk of leprosy. However, BCG immunoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients has also been reported to induce PB leprosy, indicating that BCG (re)vaccination may tip the balance between protective immunity and overactivation immunity causing skin/nerve tissue damage. In order to identify who is at risk of developing PB leprosy after BCG vaccination, amongst individuals who are chronically exposed to M. leprae, we analyzed innate and adaptive immune markers in whole blood of household contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Bangladesh, some of which received BCG vaccination. As controls, individuals from the same area without known contact with leprosy patients were similarly assessed. Our data show the added effect of BCG vaccination on immune markers on top of the effect already induced by M. leprae exposure. Moreover, we identified BCG-induced markers that differentiate between protective and disease prone immunity in those contacts.
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Domínguez-Andrés J, Kuijpers Y, Bakker OB, Jaeger M, Xu CJ, Van der Meer JWM, Jakobsson M, Bertranpetit J, Joosten LAB, Li Y, Netea MG. Evolution of cytokine production capacity in ancient and modern European populations. eLife 2021; 10:e64971. [PMID: 34488939 PMCID: PMC8423439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As our ancestors migrated throughout different continents, natural selection increased the presence of alleles advantageous in the new environments. Heritable variations that alter the susceptibility to diseases vary with the historical period, the virulence of the infections, and their geographical spread. In this study we built polygenic scores for heritable traits that influence the genetic adaptation in the production of cytokines and immune-mediated disorders, including infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, and applied them to the genomes of several ancient European populations. We observed that the advent of the Neolithic was a turning point for immune-mediated traits in Europeans, favoring those alleles linked with the development of tolerance against intracellular pathogens and promoting inflammatory responses against extracellular microbes. These evolutionary patterns are also associated with an increased presence of traits related to inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), RadboudUniversity Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Yunus Kuijpers
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre GroningenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), RadboudUniversity Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Jos WM Van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Centre for Anthropological Research, Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, University of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Leo AB Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), RadboudUniversity Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), RadboudUniversity Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), RadboudUniversity Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of BonnBonnGermany
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Beitzinger B, Gerbl F, Vomhof T, Schmid R, Noschka R, Rodriguez A, Wiese S, Weidinger G, Ständker L, Walther P, Michaelis J, Lindén M, Stenger S. Delivery by Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enhances the Antimicrobial Activity of a Napsin-Derived Peptide Against Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100453. [PMID: 34142469 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious global health problem causing 1.3 million deaths annually. The causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed several mechanisms to evade the immune system and resistances to many conventional antibiotics, so that alternative treatment strategies are urgently needed. By isolation from bronchoalveolar lavage and peptide optimization, a new antimicrobial peptide named NapFab is discovered. While showing robust activity against extracellular Mtb, the activity of NapFab against intracellular bacteria is limited due to low intracellular availability. By loading NapFab onto dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN) as a carrier system, cellular uptake, and consequently antimycobacterial activity against intracellular Mtb is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, using lattice light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, it can be shown that the peptide is gradually released from the DMSN inside living macrophages over time. By electron microscopy and tomography, it is demonstrated that peptide loaded DMSN are stored in vesicular structures in proximity to mycobacterial phagosomes inside the cells, but the nanoparticles are typically not in direct contact with the bacteria. Based on the combination of functional and live-cell imaging analyses, it is hypothesized that after being released from the DMSN NapFab is able to enter the bacterial phagosome and gain access to the bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Beitzinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Fabian Gerbl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Ulm University Hospital Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Thomas Vomhof
- Institute of Biophysics Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Roman Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Reiner Noschka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Ulm University Hospital Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Armando Rodriguez
- Core Facility of Functional Peptidomics Ulm University Meyerhofstraße 4 Ulm 89081 Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Ulm University Albert‐Einstein Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Ulm University Albert‐Einstein Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility of Functional Peptidomics Ulm University Meyerhofstraße 4 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Ulm University Hospital Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
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Torun S, Ozkaya S, Şen N, Kanat F, Karaman I, Yosunkaya S, Sengoren Dikis O, Asan A, Aydogan Eroglu S, Semih Atal S, Ayten O, Aksel N, Ermiş H, Özçelik N, Demirelli M, Kara I, Sümer S, Marakoğlu K, Üzer F, Uyar Y, Çiçek T, E Ünsal Z, Vatansev H, Botan Yildirim B, Kuruoğlu T, Atilla A, Ersoy Y, Kandemir B, Durduran Y, Goksin Cihan F, Demirbaş N, Yıldırım F, Tatar D, Akcay MS. The Relationship between COVID-19 Severity and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history in healthcare workers: a multi-center study. Pathog Glob Health 2021; 115:405-411. [PMID: 34014806 PMCID: PMC8146200 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.1927605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countries’ health services into sharp focus. It was drawn to our group’s attention that healthcare workers (HCWs) had a lower mortality rate against higher COVID-19 incidence compared to the general population in Turkey. Since risk of exposure to tuberculosis bacillus among healthcare workers are higher than the population, we aimed to investigate if there is a relationship between BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history with COVID-19 severity in infected HCWs. This study was conducted with 465 infected HCWs from thirty-three hospitals to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity (according to their hospitalization status and the presence of radiological pneumonia) and BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history. HCWs who required hospital admission had significantly higher rates of chronic diseases, radiological pneumonia, and longer working hours in the clinics. Higher rates of history of contact and care to tuberculosis patients, history of tuberculosis, and BCG vaccine were observed in hospitalized HCWs. HCWs who had radiological pneumonia had a significantly increased ratio of history of care to tuberculosis patients and a higher family history of tuberculosis. The findings from our study suggest that the lower mortality rate despite the more severe disease course seen in infected HCWs might be due to frequent exposure to tuberculosis bacillus and the mortality-reducing effects of the BCG vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serife Torun
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevket Ozkaya
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazan Şen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fikret Kanat
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Irem Karaman
- School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Yosunkaya
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sengoren Dikis
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Asan
- Department of Infection Diseases, Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selma Aydogan Eroglu
- Sureyyapasa Research and Training Center for Pulmonary Diseases, Health Sciences University, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sefa Semih Atal
- Abdülhamid Han Research and Training Center for Pulmonary Diseases, Health Sciences University, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Ayten
- Abdülhamid Han Research and Training Center for Pulmonary Diseases, Health Sciences University, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nimet Aksel
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hilal Ermiş
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Özçelik
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Iskender Kara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sua Sümer
- Department of Infection Diseases, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kamile Marakoğlu
- Department of Family Medicine, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Üzer
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, State Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasin Uyar
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, State Hospital, Merzifon, Turkey
| | - Tuba Çiçek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Numune Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zuhal E Ünsal
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Husamettin Vatansev
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Berna Botan Yildirim
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kuruoğlu
- Department of Infection Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aynur Atilla
- Department of Infection Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ersoy
- Department of Infection Diseases, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kandemir
- Department of Infection Diseases, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Durduran
- Department of Public Health, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Goksin Cihan
- Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nur Demirbaş
- Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yıldırım
- Clinic of Intensive Care Unit, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dursun Tatar
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Sule Akcay
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Arteche-Villasol N, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Vallejo R, Espinosa J, Elguezabal N, Ladero-Auñon I, Royo M, Del Carmen Ferreras M, Benavides J, Pérez V. Early response of monocyte-derived macrophages from vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats against in vitro infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Res 2021; 52:69. [PMID: 33980310 PMCID: PMC8117269 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Vaccination is the most cost-effective control method. However, despite the fact that macrophages are the main target cells for this pathogen, the precise mechanisms behind the response of the macrophage to Map infection and how it is modified by vaccination are yet poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Silirum® vaccination in the early immune response of caprine monocyte-derived macrophages (CaMØs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats, cultured in vitro until differentiation to macrophages and infected with Map. After a 24 h incubation, Map viability and DNA were assessed in culture by viable colony count and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, Map phagocytosis and expression of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6 and MIP-1β were also evaluated through immunofluorescence labelling and reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. A significant reduction of Map viability was observed in both supernatants (P < 0.05) and CaMØs (P < 0.001) from the vaccinated group. Similarly, the percentage of infected CaMØs and the number of internalized Map by CaMØs (P < 0.0001) was higher in the vaccinated group. Finally, iNOS (P < 0.01) and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated in CaMØs from vaccinated goats, whereas only MIP-1β was up-regulated in non-vaccinated animals (P < 0.05). These results show that vaccination modifies the immune response of CaMØs, suggesting that the phagocytosis and microbiocidal activity of macrophages against Map is enhanced after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noive Arteche-Villasol
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain.
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Raquel Vallejo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Jose Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, Derio, 48169, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iraia Ladero-Auñon
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, Derio, 48169, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marcos Royo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Ferreras
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE),, Finca Marzanas-Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
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Bok J, Hofland RW, Evans CA. Whole Blood Mycobacterial Growth Assays for Assessing Human Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641082. [PMID: 34046032 PMCID: PMC8144701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whole blood mycobacterial growth assays (WBMGA) quantify mycobacterial growth in fresh blood samples and may have potential for assessing tuberculosis vaccines and identifying individuals at risk of tuberculosis. We evaluated the evidence for the underlying assumption that in vitro WBMGA results can predict in vivo tuberculosis susceptibility. Methods A systematic search was done for studies assessing associations between WBMGA results and tuberculosis susceptibility. Meta-analyses were performed for eligible studies by calculating population-weighted averages. Results No studies directly assessed whether WBMGA results predicted tuberculosis susceptibility. 15 studies assessed associations between WBMGA results and proven correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility, which we divided in two categories. Firstly, WBMGA associations with factors believed to reduce tuberculosis susceptibility were statistically significant in all eight studies of: BCG vaccination; vitamin D supplementation; altitude; and HIV-negativity/therapy. Secondly, WBMGA associations with probable correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility were statistically significant in three studies of tuberculosis disease, in a parasitism study and in two of the five studies of latent tuberculosis infection. Meta-analyses for associations between WBMGA results and BCG vaccination, tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis disease and HIV infection revealed consistent effects. There was considerable methodological heterogeneity. Conclusions The study results generally showed significant associations between WBMGA results and correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility. However, no study directly assessed whether WBMGA results predicted actual susceptibility to tuberculosis infection or disease. We recommend optimization and standardization of WBMGA methodology and prospective studies to determine whether WBMGA predict susceptibility to tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bok
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Innovation for Health and Development (IFHAD), Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Innovacion Por la Salud Y el Desarrollo (IPSYD), Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru.,Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Regina W Hofland
- Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carlton A Evans
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Innovation for Health and Development (IFHAD), Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Innovacion Por la Salud Y el Desarrollo (IPSYD), Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
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45
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Ahmed A, Rakshit S, Adiga V, Dias M, Dwarkanath P, D'Souza G, Vyakarnam A. A century of BCG: Impact on tuberculosis control and beyond. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:98-121. [PMID: 33955564 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BCG turns 100 this year and while it might not be the perfect vaccine, it has certainly contributed significantly towards eradication and prevention of spread of tuberculosis (TB). The search for newer and better vaccines for TB is an ongoing endeavor and latest results from trials of candidate TB vaccines such as M72AS01 look promising. However, recent encouraging data from BCG revaccination trials in adults combined with studies on mucosal and intravenous routes of BCG vaccination in non-human primate models have renewed interest in BCG for TB prevention. In addition, several well-demonstrated non-specific effects of BCG, for example, prevention of viral and respiratory infections, give BCG an added advantage. Also, BCG vaccination is currently being widely tested in human clinical trials to determine whether it protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or death with detailed analyses and outcomes from several ongoing trials across the world awaited. Through this review, we attempt to bring together information on various aspects of the BCG-induced immune response, its efficacy in TB control, comparison with other candidate TB vaccines and strategies to improve its efficiency including revaccination and alternate routes of administration. Finally, we discuss the future relevance of BCG use especially in light of its several heterologous benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - George D'Souza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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46
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Foster M, Hill PC, Setiabudiawan TP, Koeken VACM, Alisjahbana B, van Crevel R. BCG-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next-generation vaccines. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:122-144. [PMID: 33709421 PMCID: PMC8252066 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was introduced 100 years ago, but as it provides insufficient protection against TB disease, especially in adults, new vaccines are being developed and evaluated. The discovery that BCG protects humans from becoming infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and not just from progressing to TB disease provides justification for considering Mtb infection as an endpoint in vaccine trials. Such trials would require fewer participants than those with disease as an endpoint. In this review, we first define Mtb infection and disease phenotypes that can be used for mechanistic studies and/or endpoints for vaccine trials. Secondly, we review the evidence for BCG-induced protection against Mtb infection from observational and BCG re-vaccination studies, and discuss limitations and variation of this protection. Thirdly, we review possible underlying mechanisms for BCG efficacy against Mtb infection, including alternative T cell responses, antibody-mediated protection, and innate immune mechanisms, with a specific focus on BCG-induced trained immunity, which involves epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. Finally, we discuss the implications for further studies of BCG efficacy against Mtb infection, including for mechanistic research, and their relevance to the design and evaluation of new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Foster
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Philip C. Hill
- Centre for International HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Todia Pediatama Setiabudiawan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection MedicineCentre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCOREJoint Ventures between The Helmholtz‐Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and The Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Tuberculosis Working GroupFaculty of MedicineUniversitas PadjadjaranBandungIndonesia
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Muglia Amancio A, Mittereder L, Carletti A, Tosh KW, Green D, Antonelli LR, Gazzinelli RT, Sher A, Jankovic D. IFNs Reset the Differential Capacity of Human Monocyte Subsets to Produce IL-12 in Response to Microbial Stimulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1642-1652. [PMID: 33627376 PMCID: PMC8034562 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human primary monocytes are composed of a minor, more mature CD16+(CD14low/neg) population and a major CD16neg(CD14+) subset. The specific functions of CD16+ versus CD16neg monocytes in steady state or inflammation remain poorly understood. In previous work, we found that IL-12 is selectively produced by the CD16+ subset in response to the protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii In this study, we demonstrated that this differential responsiveness correlates with the presence of an IFN-induced transcriptional signature in CD16+ monocytes already at baseline. Consistent with this observation, we found that in vitro IFN-γ priming overcomes the defect in the IL-12 response of the CD16neg subset. In contrast, pretreatment with IFN-γ had only a minor effect on IL-12p40 secretion by the CD16+ population. Moreover, inhibition of the mTOR pathway also selectively increased the IL-12 response in CD16neg but not in CD16+ monocytes. We further demonstrate that in contrast to IFN-γ, IFN-α fails to promote IL-12 production by the CD16neg subset and blocks the effect of IFN-γ priming. Based on these observations, we propose that the acquisition of IL-12 responsiveness by peripheral blood monocyte subsets depends on extrinsic signals experienced during their developmental progression in vivo. This process can be overridden during inflammation by the opposing regulatory effects of type I and II IFN as well as the mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Muglia Amancio
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lara Mittereder
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexie Carletti
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kevin W Tosh
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel Green
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lis R Antonelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, FIOCRUZ, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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48
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Zhang N, Luo X, Huang J, Song H, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhao S, Wang G. The landscape of different molecular modules in an immune microenvironment during tuberculosis infection. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6204792. [PMID: 33787849 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When tuberculosis invades the human body, innate immunity is the first line of defense. However, how the innate immune microenvironment responds remains unclear. In this research, we studied the function of each type of cell and explained the principle of an immune microenvironment. Based on the differences in the innate immune microenvironment, we modularized the analysis of the response of five immune cells and two structural cells. The results showed that in the innate immune stress response, the genes CXCL3, PTGS2 and TNFAIP6 regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B(NK-KB) pathway played a crucial role in fighting against tuberculosis. Based on the active pathway algorithm, each immune cell showed metabolic heterogeneity. Besides, after tuberculosis infection, structural cells showed a chemotactic immunity effect based on the co-expression immunoregulatory module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xizi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - JuanJuan Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyan Song
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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49
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Tanner R, Hoogkamer E, Bitencourt J, White A, Boot C, Sombroek CC, Harris SA, O'Shea MK, Wright D, Wittenberg R, Sarfas C, Satti I, Verreck FA, Sharpe SA, Fletcher HA, McShane H. The in vitro direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for the early evaluation of TB vaccine candidates and assessment of protective immunity: a protocol for non-human primate cells. F1000Res 2021; 10:257. [PMID: 33976866 PMCID: PMC8097740 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51640.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The only currently available approach to early efficacy testing of tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates is in vivo preclinical challenge models. These typically include mice, guinea pigs and non-human primates (NHPs), which must be exposed to virulent M.tb in a 'challenge' experiment following vaccination in order to evaluate protective efficacy. This procedure results in disease development and is classified as 'Moderate' in severity under EU legislation and UK ASPA licensure. Furthermore, experiments are relatively long and animals must be maintained in high containment level facilities, making them relatively costly. We describe an in vitro protocol for the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for use in the macaque model of TB vaccine development with the aim of overcoming some of these limitations. Importantly, using an in vitro assay in place of in vivo M.tb challenge represents a significant refinement to the existing procedure for early vaccine efficacy testing. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell and autologous serum samples collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated control animals are co-cultured with mycobacteria in a 48-well plate format for 96 hours. Adherent monocytes are then lysed to release intracellular mycobacteria which is quantified using the BACTEC MGIT system and colony-forming units determined relative to an inoculum control and stock standard curve. We discuss related optimisation and characterisation experiments, and review evidence that the direct NHP MGIA provides a biologically relevant model of vaccine-induced protection. The potential end-users of the NHP MGIA are academic and industry organisations that conduct the assessment of TB vaccine candidates and associated protective immunity using the NHP model. This approach aims to provide a method for high-throughput down-selection of vaccine candidates going forward to in vivo efficacy testing, thus expediting the development of a more efficacious TB vaccine and offering potential refinement and reduction to the use of NHPs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tanner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Emily Hoogkamer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Public Health England, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Julia Bitencourt
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Gonҫalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | - Charelle Boot
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia C. Sombroek
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew K. O'Shea
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rachel Wittenberg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Iman Satti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Frank A.W. Verreck
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helen A. Fletcher
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Helen McShane
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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Tanner R, Hoogkamer E, Bitencourt J, White A, Boot C, Sombroek CC, Harris SA, O'Shea MK, Wright D, Wittenberg R, Sarfas C, Satti I, Verreck FAW, Sharpe SA, Fletcher HA, McShane H. The in vitro direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for the early evaluation of TB vaccine candidates and assessment of protective immunity: a protocol for non-human primate cells. F1000Res 2021; 10:257. [PMID: 33976866 PMCID: PMC8097740.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51640.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The only currently available approach to early efficacy testing of tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates is in vivo preclinical challenge models. These typically include mice, guinea pigs and non-human primates (NHPs), which must be exposed to virulent M.tb in a 'challenge' experiment following vaccination in order to evaluate protective efficacy. This procedure results in disease development and is classified as 'Moderate' in severity under EU legislation and UK ASPA licensure. Furthermore, experiments are relatively long and animals must be maintained in high containment level facilities, making them relatively costly. We describe an in vitro protocol for the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for use in the macaque model of TB vaccine development with the aim of overcoming some of these limitations. Importantly, using an in vitro assay in place of in vivo M.tb challenge represents a significant refinement to the existing procedure for early vaccine efficacy testing. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell and autologous serum samples collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated control animals are co-cultured with mycobacteria in a 48-well plate format for 96 hours. Adherent monocytes are then lysed to release intracellular mycobacteria which is quantified using the BACTEC MGIT system and colony-forming units determined relative to an inoculum control and stock standard curve. We discuss related optimisation and characterisation experiments, and review evidence that the direct NHP MGIA provides a biologically relevant model of vaccine-induced protection. The potential end-users of the NHP MGIA are academic and industry organisations that conduct the assessment of TB vaccine candidates and associated protective immunity using the NHP model. This approach aims to provide a method for high-throughput down-selection of vaccine candidates going forward to in vivo efficacy testing, thus expediting the development of a more efficacious TB vaccine and offering potential refinement and reduction to the use of NHPs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tanner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Emily Hoogkamer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Public Health England, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Julia Bitencourt
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Gonҫalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | - Charelle Boot
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia C Sombroek
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie A Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Matthew K O'Shea
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rachel Wittenberg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Iman Satti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Frank A W Verreck
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helen A Fletcher
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Helen McShane
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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