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Doshi V, Joshi G, Sharma S, Choudhary D. Gene therapy: an alternative to treat Alzheimer's disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3675-3693. [PMID: 38078920 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neuro-degenerative disease that primarily affects the elderly, is a worldwide phenomenon. Loss of memory, cognitive decline, behavioural changes, and many other signs are used to classify it. Various hypotheses that may contribute to Alzheimer's disease have been found during decades of survey, including tau theory, the amyloid theory, the cholinergic hypothesis, and the oxidative stress hypothesis. According to some theories, the two leading causes of AD are the accumulation of amyloid beta plaque and development of NFTs in the brain. The hippocampus and cerebral cortex are the primary sites where amyloid beta plaques gather in the body. NFT formation in the brain impairs the brain's neurons' potential of signalling. According to the age at which it manifests in a person, there are two subtypes of AD: 'LOAD (Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease)' and 'EOAD (Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease)'. Long-term research into AD treatment has resulted in the introduction of some medications that provided symptomatic relief to patients but did not alter the disease's pathophysiology, like cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibitors of tau aggregation, and monoclonal antibodies to Aβ aggregation. Even though the medications did not halt the progression of AD, researchers did not discontinue their work, which lead to the introduction of gene therapy - a recently created cutting-edge method of delivering genes to target sites where they can express the intended functionalities. Viral or non-viral vectors could be used to deliver the gene, each with advantages and limitations of their own. Gene therapy is proven to be a potential disease-modifying treatment for AD. This article discusses about gene therapy, its merits and demerits and the various ways of gene delivery. Additionally, it focuses on AD as the target for treatment through gene therapy, the pathophysiology of AD, and the multiple targets for gene therapy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshika Doshi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Garima Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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Moaveni AK, Amiri M, Shademan B, Farhadi A, Behroozi J, Nourazarian A. Advances and challenges in gene therapy strategies for pediatric cancer: a comprehensive update. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1382190. [PMID: 38836106 PMCID: PMC11149429 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1382190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers represent a tragic but also promising area for gene therapy. Although conventional treatments have improved survival rates, there is still a need for targeted and less toxic interventions. This article critically analyzes recent advances in gene therapy for pediatric malignancies and discusses the challenges that remain. We explore the innovative vectors and delivery systems that have emerged, such as adeno-associated viruses and non-viral platforms, which show promise in addressing the unique pathophysiology of pediatric tumors. Specifically, we examine the field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and their adaptation for solid tumors, which historically have been more challenging to treat than hematologic malignancies. We also discuss the genetic and epigenetic complexities inherent to pediatric cancers, such as tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which pose significant hurdles for gene therapy. Ethical considerations specific to pediatric populations, including consent and long-term follow-up, are also analyzed. Additionally, we scrutinize the translation of research from preclinical models that often fail to mimic pediatric cancer biology to the regulatory landscapes that can either support or hinder innovation. In summary, this article provides an up-to-date overview of gene therapy in pediatric oncology, highlighting both the rapid scientific progress and the substantial obstacles that need to be addressed. Through this lens, we propose a roadmap for future research that prioritizes the safety, efficacy, and complex ethical considerations involved in treating pediatric patients. Our ultimate goal is to move from incremental advancements to transformative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kian Moaveni
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amiri
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Farhadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Cho SY, Lee YJ, Jung SM, Son YM, Shin CG, Kim ET, Kim KD. Establishment of a Dual-Vector System for Gene Delivery Utilizing Prototype Foamy Virus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:804-811. [PMID: 38379304 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are generally recognized as non-pathogenic, often causing asymptomatic or mild symptoms in infections. Leveraging these unique characteristics, FV vectors hold significant promise for applications in gene therapy. This study introduces a novel platform technology using a pseudo-virus with single-round infectivity. In contrast to previous vector approaches, we developed a technique employing only two vectors, pcHFV lacking Env and pCMV-Env, to introduce the desired genes into target cells. Our investigation demonstrated the efficacy of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) dual-vector system in producing viruses and delivering transgenes into host cells. To optimize viral production, we incorporated the codon-optimized Env (optEnv) gene in pCMV-Env and the Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) at the 3' end of the transgene in the transfer vector. Consequently, the use of optEnv led to a significant enhancement in transgene expression in host cells. Additionally, the WPRE exhibited an enhancing effect. Furthermore, the introduced EGFP transgene was present in host cells for a month. In an effort to expand transgene capacity, we further streamlined the viral vector, anticipating the delivery of approximately 4.3 kbp of genes through our PFV dual-vector system. This study underscores the potential of PFVs as an alternative to lentiviruses or other retroviruses in the realm of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mook Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Dong Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
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Jamwal S, Tyagi N, Kumar J, Kaushik JK, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Simple method for isolation and culture of primary buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) endometrial epithelial cells (pBuEECs) and its characterization using high throughput proteomics approach. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 263:107449. [PMID: 38490065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Early embryonic mortality resulting from insufficient interaction between the embryo and the uterus leads to the failure of pregnancy in livestock animals. Thus, it is imperative to comprehend the multifaceted process of implantation at molecular levels, which requires synchronized feto-maternal interaction. The in-vitro models serve as valuable tools to investigate the specific stages of implantation. The present study was undertaken to develop a simple method to isolate and culture the primary buffalo endometrial epithelial cells (pBuEECs), followed by proteome profiling of the proliferating cells. Collagenase I was used to separate uterine epithelial cells (UECs) from the ipsilateral uterine horn, and then the cells were separated using a cell strainer. After being seeded on culture plates, UECs developed colonies with characteristic epithelial shape and expressed important markers such as cytokeratin 18 (KRT18), progesterone receptor (PGR), β-estrogen receptor (ESR1), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which were confirmed by PCR. The purity of epithelial cells was assessed using cytokeratin 18 immunostaining, which indicated approximately 99% purity in cultured cells. The proteome profiling of pBuEECs via high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry (MS), identified a total of 3383 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed enrichment in various biological processes, including cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, signaling, and developmental processes. Moreover, the KEGG pathway analysis highlighted associations with the ribosome, proteosome, oxidative phosphorylation, spliceosome, and cytoskeleton regulation pathways. In conclusion, these well characterized cells offer valuable in-vitro model to enhance the understanding of implantation and uterine pathophysiology in livestock animals, particularly buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Jamwal
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nikunj Tyagi
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Jaideep Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, India.
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Tavabie OD, Salehi S, Aluvihare VR. The challenges and potential of microRNA-based therapy for patients with liver failure syndromes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:179-191. [PMID: 38487923 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2331598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morbidity and mortality from liver disease continues to rise worldwide. There are currently limited curative treatments for patients with liver failure syndromes, encompassing acute liver failure and decompensated cirrhosis states, outside of transplantation. Whilst there have been improvements in therapeutic options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remain challenges necessitating novel therapeutic agents. microRNA have long been seen as potential therapeutic targets but there has been limited clinical translation. AREAS COVERED We will discuss the limitations of conventional non-transplant management of patients with liver failure syndromes and HCC. We will provide an overview of microRNA and the challenges in developing and delivering microRNA-based therapeutic agents. We will finally provide an overview of microRNA-based therapeutic agents which have progressed to clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION microRNA have great potential to be developed into therapeutic agents due to their association with critical biological processes which govern health and disease. Utilizing microRNA sponges to target multiple microRNA associated with specific biological processes may improve their therapeutic efficacy. However, there needs to be significant improvements in delivery systems to ensure the safe delivery of microRNA to target sites and minimize systemic distribution. This currently significantly impacts the clinical translation of microRNA-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siamak Salehi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Gaál Z. Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1942. [PMID: 38339220 PMCID: PMC10856342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Ameya G, Birri DJ. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced human cancers. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106292. [PMID: 37557930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem globally. Many human cancers are induced by viruses. Understanding of the mechanisms by which oncogenic (tumorigenic) viruses induce cancer is essential in the prevention and control of cancer. This review covers comprehensive characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the main virus-attributed cancers caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human polyomaviruses, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and HIV. Oncogenic viruses employ biological processes to replicate and avoid detection by host cell immune systems. Tumorigenic infectious agents activate oncogenes in a variety of ways, allowing the pathogen to block host tumour suppressor proteins, inhibit apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation, and promote invasion of host cells. Furthermore, this review assesses many pathways of viruses linked to cancer, including host cellular communication perturbation, DNA damage mechanisms, immunity, and microRNA targets that promote the beginning and progression of cancer. The current cancer prevention is primarily focused on non-communicable diseases, but infection-attributable cancer also needs attention to significantly reduce the rising cancer burden and related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Yano N, Fedulov AV. Targeted DNA Demethylation: Vectors, Effectors and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051334. [PMID: 37239005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation at regulatory cis-elements of particular genes is seen in a plethora of pathological conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, immunological, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, as well as in cancer, diabetes and others. Thus, approaches for experimental and therapeutic DNA demethylation have a great potential to demonstrate mechanistic importance, and even causality of epigenetic alterations, and may open novel avenues to epigenetic cures. However, existing methods based on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors that elicit genome-wide demethylation are not suitable for treatment of diseases with specific epimutations and provide a limited experimental value. Therefore, gene-specific epigenetic editing is a critical approach for epigenetic re-activation of silenced genes. Site-specific demethylation can be achieved by utilizing sequence-dependent DNA-binding molecules such as zinc finger protein array (ZFA), transcription activator-like effector (TALE) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9). Synthetic proteins, where these DNA-binding domains are fused with the DNA demethylases such as ten-eleven translocation (Tet) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) enzymes, successfully induced or enhanced transcriptional responsiveness at targeted loci. However, a number of challenges, including the dependence on transgenesis for delivery of the fusion constructs, remain issues to be solved. In this review, we detail current and potential approaches to gene-specific DNA demethylation as a novel epigenetic editing-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Szarowicz CA, Steece-Collier K, Caulfield ME. New Frontiers in Neurodegeneration and Regeneration Associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the rs6265 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148011. [PMID: 35887357 PMCID: PMC9319713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is an extensively studied neurotrophin implicated in the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, traumatic brain injury, major de-pressive disorder, and schizophrenia. Here we provide a brief summary of current knowledge on the role of BDNF and the common human single nucleotide polymorphism, rs6265, in driving the pathogenesis and rehabilitation in these disorders, as well as the status of BDNF-targeted therapies. A common trend has emerged correlating low BDNF levels, either detected within the central nervous system or peripherally, to disease states, suggesting that BDNF replacement therapies may hold clinical promise. In addition, we introduce evidence for a distinct role of the BDNF pro-peptide as a biologically active ligand and the need for continuing studies on its neurological function outside of that as a molecular chaperone. Finally, we highlight the latest research describing the role of rs6265 expression in mechanisms of neurodegeneration as well as paradoxical advances in the understanding of this genetic variant in neuroregeneration. All of this is discussed in the context of personalized medicine, acknowledging there is no “one size fits all” therapy for neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders and that continued study of the multiple BDNF isoforms and genetic variants represents an avenue for discovery ripe with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlye A. Szarowicz
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
| | - Margaret E. Caulfield
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-616-234-0969; Fax: +1- 616-234-0991
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Zhou C, Li Z, Zhu Z, Chia GWN, Mikhailovsky A, Vázquez RJ, Chan SJW, Li K, Liu B, Bazan GC. Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Long-Term Tumor Tracking with Incremental NIR-II Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201989. [PMID: 35306702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of the near-infrared (NIR)-II emissive conjugated oligoelectrolyte COE-BBT are reported. COE-BBT has a solubility in aqueous media greater than 50 mg mL-1 , low toxicity, and a propensity to intercalate lipid bilayers, wherein it exhibits a higher emission quantum yield relative to aqueous media. Addition of COE-BBT to cells provides two emission channels, at ≈500 and ≈1020 nm, depending on the excitation wavelength, which facilitates in vitro confocal microscopy and in vivo animal imaging. The NIR-II emission of COE-BBT is used to track intracranial and subcutaneous tumor progression in mice. Of relevance is that the total NIR-II intensity increases over time. This phenomenon is attributed to a progressive attenuation of a COE-BBT self-quenching effect within the cells due to the expected dye dilution per cell as the tumor proliferates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zeshun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | - Samuel J W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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11
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Jung C, Oh JE, Lee S, Yoon YS. Generation and Application of Directly Reprogrammed Endothelial Cells. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:643-658. [PMID: 36097834 PMCID: PMC9470489 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cell reprogramming refers to the conversion of cell identity, without transition through an induced pluripotent state. Owing to the ability to directly reprogram into numerous cell types, this reprogramming strategy has received enormous attention for regenerative therapy. Particularly, direct reprogramming into functional endothelial cells, which are crucial for neovascularization and vascular regeneration, holds promising therapeutic potential for treating patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the-state-of-art in direct endothelial reprograming strategies and highlights their potential applications. It also discusses key questions and challenges that will help guiding future research and development of this emerging area. Cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising option for treating advanced ischemic cardiovascular disease by inducing vascular regeneration. However, clinical trials with adult cells turned out disappointing in general. As a newer approach, direct reprogramming has emerged to efficiently generate endothelial cells (ECs), which can promote neovascularization and vascular regeneration. This review provides recent updates on the direct endothelial reprogramming. In general, directly reprogrammed ECs can be generated by two approaches: one by transitioning through a plastic intermediate state and the other in a one-step transition without any intermediate states toward pluripotency. Moreover, the methods to deliver reprogramming factors and chemicals for the fate conversion are highlighted. Next, the therapeutic effects of the directly reprogrammed ECs on animal models are reviewed in detail. Other applications using directly reprogrammed ECs, such as tissue engineering and disease modeling, are also discussed. Lastly, the remaining questions and foremost challenges are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholomi Jung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Oh
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hatano Y, Ideta T, Hirata A, Hatano K, Tomita H, Okada H, Shimizu M, Tanaka T, Hara A. Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2625. [PMID: 34071792 PMCID: PMC8198641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred to as the mutational signatures, in cancer. Each mutational signature is believed to arise from specific DNA damage and repair processes, including carcinogens. However, as a type of carcinogen, tumor viruses increase the cancer risk by alternative mechanisms, including insertional mutagenesis, viral oncogenes, and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize virus-driven carcinogenesis to provide a framework for the control of malignant cell proliferation. We first provide a brief overview of oncogenic viruses and describe their implication in virus-related tumors. Next, we describe tumor viruses (HPV, Human papilloma virus; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; MCV, Merkel cell polyoma virus; HTLV-1, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type-1) and tumor virus-related cancers. Lastly, we introduce emerging tumor virus candidates, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2). We expect this review to be a hub in a complex network of data for virus-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Kayoko Hatano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
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13
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Shinkuma S. Advances in gene therapy and their application to skin diseases: A review. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:2-9. [PMID: 34049771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in genetic engineering technology, gene therapy is now being considered as a treatment not only for congenital diseases but also acquired diseases, such as cancer. Gene therapeutic agents for hereditary immune disorders, haemophilia, retinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and lymphoma have been approved in the United States and Europe. In the field of dermatology, clinical trials of gene therapy have been conducted, because the skin is an easily accessible organ that represents an attractive tissue for gene therapy. In recent years, gene therapy has been attempted for a variety of skin diseases, such as genodermatoses (including epidermolysis bullosa and Netherton syndrome), cutaneous lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. As a result, it is difficult to grasp the current status of gene therapy in dermatology. This review focuses on each of the gene-transfer techniques currently in use and describes the current status of gene therapy for skin diseases using each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan.
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14
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Abstract
Studies of the major hemoglobin disorders, β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), have laid a foundation for molecular medicine. While enormous progress has been made in understanding gene structure and regulation, translating molecular insights to therapy for the many individuals affected with these disorders has been challenging. Advances in three activities have recently converged to bring novel genetic and potentially curative treatments to clinical trials. First, improved lentiviral vectors for gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells have revived somatic gene therapy for blood disorders. Second, elucidation of regulatory factors and mechanisms that control the normal developmental switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin has provided a route to reactivation of the fetal form for therapy. Third, revolutionary methods of gene engineering permit molecular insights to be leveraged for patients. Here I review how the promise of molecular medicine to bring transformative treatments to the clinical arena is finally being realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Orkin
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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15
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Breda L, Ghiaccio V, Tanaka N, Jarocha D, Ikawa Y, Abdulmalik O, Dong A, Casu C, Raabe TD, Shan X, Danet-Desnoyers GA, Doto AM, Everett J, Bushman FD, Radaelli E, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Hoepp N, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Guzikowski V, Smith-Whitley K, Kwiatkowski JL, Rivella S. Lentiviral vector ALS20 yields high hemoglobin levels with low genomic integrations for treatment of beta-globinopathies. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1625-1638. [PMID: 33515514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing clinical trials for treatment of beta-globinopathies by gene therapy involve the transfer of the beta-globin gene, which requires integration of three to four copies per genome in most target cells. This high proviral load may increase genome toxicity, potentially limiting the safety of this therapy and relegating its use to total body myeloablation. We hypothesized that introducing an additional hypersensitive site from the locus control region, the complete sequence of the second intron of the beta-globin gene, and the ankyrin insulator may enhance beta-globin expression. We identified a construct, ALS20, that synthesized significantly higher adult hemoglobin levels than those of other constructs currently used in clinical trials. These findings were confirmed in erythroblastic cell lines and in primary cells isolated from sickle cell disease patients. Bone marrow transplantation studies in beta-thalassemia mice revealed that ALS20 was curative at less than one copy per genome. Injection of human CD34+ cells transduced with ALS20 led to safe, long-term, and high polyclonal engraftment in xenograft experiments. Successful treatment of beta-globinopathies with ALS20 could potentially be achieved at less than two copies per genome, minimizing the risk of cytotoxic events and lowering the intensity of myeloablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Breda
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Valentina Ghiaccio
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Ikawa
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alisa Dong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carla Casu
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tobias D Raabe
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Shan
- Stem and Xenograft Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwenn A Danet-Desnoyers
- Stem and Xenograft Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aoife M Doto
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles A Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Hoepp
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryo Kurita
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Virginia Guzikowski
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet L Kwiatkowski
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Affinity Group (CAMB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Dasgupta I, Chatterjee A. Recent Advances in miRNA Delivery Systems. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010010. [PMID: 33498244 PMCID: PMC7839010 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of short non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that are produced in a tissue and time-specific manner to orchestrate gene expression post-transcription. MiRNAs hybridize to target mRNA(s) to induce translation repression or mRNA degradation. Functional studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are engaged in virtually every physiological process and, consequently, miRNA dysregulations have been linked to multiple human pathologies. Thus, miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs that restore miRNA expression or downregulate aberrantly expressed miRNAs, respectively, are highly sought-after therapeutic strategies for effective manipulation of miRNA levels. In this regard, carrier vehicles that facilitate proficient and safe delivery of miRNA-based therapeutics are fundamental to the clinical success of these pharmaceuticals. Here, we highlight the strengths and weaknesses of current state-of-the-art viral and non-viral miRNA delivery systems and provide perspective on how these tools can be exploited to improve the outcomes of miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Dasgupta
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Anushila Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Morgan MA, Galla M, Grez M, Fehse B, Schambach A. Retroviral gene therapy in Germany with a view on previous experience and future perspectives. Gene Ther 2021; 28:494-512. [PMID: 33753908 PMCID: PMC8455336 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy can be used to restore cell function in monogenic disorders or to endow cells with new capabilities, such as improved killing of cancer cells, expression of suicide genes for controlled elimination of cell populations, or protection against chemotherapy or viral infection. While gene therapies were originally most often used to treat monogenic diseases and to improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome, the advent of genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells, has contributed to the increased numbers of patients treated with gene and cell therapies. The advancement of gene therapy with integrating retroviral vectors continues to depend upon world-wide efforts. As the topic of this special issue is "Spotlight on Germany," the goal of this review is to provide an overview of contributions to this field made by German clinical and research institutions. Research groups in Germany made, and continue to make, important contributions to the development of gene therapy, including design of vectors and transduction protocols for improved cell modification, methods to assess gene therapy vector efficacy and safety (e.g., clonal imbalance, insertion sites), as well as in the design and conduction of clinical gene therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Morgan
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- grid.418483.20000 0001 1088 7029Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Lentiviral Transduction for Optimal LSC/HSC Manipulation. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33165856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0810-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Historically, efficient transduction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to study the role of specific genes on HSC function, as well as to broaden the potential of gene therapy for hematopoietic related diseases has relied on our ability to design vectors capable of delivering the gene of interest without affecting HSC function. While retroviruses have been used extensively for this purpose, HIV-derived lentiviruses prove superior for transduction of quiescent HSC due to their ability to infect nondividing cells. The design of the vector and the quality of the lentiviral preparation are the key elements to obtain reproducible consistent results that will eventually be translated into the clinic. This chapter describes the preparation of concentrated lentiviruses and the transduction of HSC to obtain long-term engraftment with persistent gene transfer and expression of the desired transgene.
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19
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Zhang B, Napoleon JV, Liu X, Luo Q, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. Sensitive manipulation of CAR T cell activity using a chimeric endocytosing receptor. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000756. [PMID: 33127654 PMCID: PMC7604868 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) suffer from an inability to control the therapeutic cell’s behavior following its transplantation into a patient. Thus, efforts to inhibit, activate, differentiate or terminate an ACT after patient reinfusion can be futile, because the required drug adversely affects other cells in the patient. Methods We describe here a two domain fusion receptor composed of a ligand-binding domain linked to a recycling domain that allows constitutive internalization and trafficking of the fusion receptor back to the cell surface. Because the ligand-binding domain is designed to bind a ligand not normally present in humans, any drug conjugated to this ligand will bind and endocytose selectively into the ACT. Results In two embodiments of our strategy, we fuse the chronically endocytosing domain of human folate receptor alpha to either a murine scFv that binds fluorescein or human FK506 binding protein that binds FK506, thereby creating a fusion receptor composed of largely human components. We then create the ligand-targeted drug by conjugating any desired drug to either fluorescein or FK506, thereby generating a ligand-drug conjugate with ~10-9 M affinity for its fusion receptor. Using these tools, we demonstrate that CAR T cell activities can be sensitively tuned down or turned off in vitro as well as tightly controlled following their reinfusion into tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions We suggest this ‘chimeric endocytosing receptor’ can be exploited to manipulate not only CAR T cells but other ACTs following their reinfusion into patients. With efforts to develop ACTs to treat diseases including diabetes, heart failure, osteoarthritis, cancer and sickle cell anemia accelerating, we argue an ability to manipulate ACT activities postinfusion will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Zhang
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Qian Luo
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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20
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Niosomal virosome derived by vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein as a new gene carrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:980-987. [PMID: 33131770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Virosomes as membranous vesicles with viral fusion protein in their membrane are versatile vehicles for cargo delivery. The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) is a common fusogenic protein used in virosome preparation. This glycoprotein has been used in liposomal systems so far, but in this study, we have tried to use the niosomal form instead of liposome for. Niosomes are vesicular systems composed of non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes were constructed by the thin-film hydration method. VSV-G gene in pMD2.G plasmid was expressed in the HEK293T cell line and then was reconstituted in the niosome bilayer. The formation of niosomal virosomes was confirmed with different methods such as SDS-PAGE gel, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The efficiency of niosomal virosome was investigated with the pmCherry reporter gene. SDS-PAGE and western blotting proved the expression and successful insertion of protein into the bilayer. The TEM images showed the spike projection of VSV-G on the surface of niosomes. The transfection results showed high efficiency of niosomal virosomes as a novel carrier. This report has verified that niosome could be used as an efficient bilayer instead of liposome to construct virosomes.
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21
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Kim J, Lee GE, Shin CG. Foamy Virus Integrase in Development of Viral Vector for Gene Therapy. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1273-1281. [PMID: 32699199 PMCID: PMC9728412 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the broad host suitability of viral vectors and their high gene delivery capacity, many researchers are focusing on viral vector-mediated gene therapy. Among the retroviruses, foamy viruses have been considered potential gene therapy vectors because of their non-pathogenicity. To date, the prototype foamy virus is the only retrovirus that has a high-resolution structure of intasomes, nucleoprotein complexes formed by integrase, and viral DNA. The integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step for viral vector development. This process is mediated by virally encoded integrase, which catalyzes unique chemical reactions. Additionally, recent studies on foamy virus integrase elucidated the catalytic functions of its three distinct domains and their effect on viral pathogenicity. This review focuses on recent advancements in biochemical, structural, and functional studies of foamy virus integrase for gene therapy vector research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-670-3067 Fax: +82-31-675-3108 E-mail:
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22
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Melly L, Grosso A, Stanciu Pop C, Yu-Hsuan C, Nollevaux MC, Schachtrup C, Marsano A, Di Maggio N, Rondelet B, Banfi A. Fibrin hydrogels promote scar formation and prevent therapeutic angiogenesis in the heart. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1513-1523. [PMID: 32841501 DOI: 10.1002/term.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is the delivery of factors to promote vascular growth and holds promise for the treatment of ischemic heart conditions. Recombinant protein delivery to the myocardium by factor-decorated fibrin matrices is an attractive approach, thanks to the ability to precisely control both dose and duration of the treatment, the use of a clinically approved material like fibrin, and the avoidance of genetic modification. Here, we investigated the feasibility of inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in the rat myocardium by a state-of-the-art fibrin-based delivery platform that we previously optimized. Engineered versions of murine vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF164 ) and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) were fused with an octapeptide substrate of the transglutaminase coagulation factor fXIIIa (TG) to allow their covalent cross-linking into fibrin hydrogels and release by enzymatic cleavage. Hydrogels containing either 100 μg/mL TG-VEGF alone or in combination with 10 μg/mL TG-PDGF-BB or no factor were injected into rat myocardium. Surprisingly, vascular density was severely reduced in all conditions, both in and around the injection site, where large fibrotic scars were formed. Scar formation was not due to the presence of growth factors, adaptive immunity to human proteins, damage from injection, nor to mechanical trauma from the hydrogel stiffness or volume. Rather scar was induced directly by fibrin and persisted despite hydrogel degradation within 1 week. These results caution against the suitability of fibrin-based platforms for myocardial growth factor delivery, despite their efficacy in other tissues, like skeletal muscle. The underlying molecular mechanisms must be further investigated in order to identify rational targets to prevent this serious side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Melly
- Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery Department, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Grosso
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Chu Yu-Hsuan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna Marsano
- Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Rondelet
- Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery Department, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Santeramo I, Bagnati M, Harvey EJ, Hassan E, Surmacz-Cordle B, Marshall D, Di Cerbo V. Vector Copy Distribution at a Single-Cell Level Enhances Analytical Characterization of Gene-Modified Cell Therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:944-956. [PMID: 32420408 PMCID: PMC7217927 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to deliver transgenes into the human genome using viral vectors is a major enabler of the gene-modified cell therapy field. However, the control of viral transduction is difficult and can lead to product heterogeneity, impacting efficacy and safety, as well as increasing the risk of batch failure during manufacturing. To address this, we generated a novel analytical method to measure vector copy distribution at the single-cell level in a gene-modified, lentiviral-based immunotherapy model. As the limited amount of genomic DNA in a single cell hinders reliable quantification, we implemented a preamplification strategy on selected lentiviral and human gene targets in isolated live single cells, followed by quantification of amplified material by droplet digital PCR. Using a bespoke probability framework based on Bayesian statistics, we show that we can estimate vector copy number (VCN) integers with maximum likelihood scores. Notably, single-cell data are consistent with population analysis and also provide an overall measurement of transduction efficiency by discriminating transduced (VCN ≥ 1) from nontransduced (VCN = 0) cells. The ability to characterize cell-to-cell variability provides a powerful high-resolution approach for product characterization, which could ultimately allow improved control over product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Santeramo
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Bagnati
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Jane Harvey
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Enas Hassan
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Surmacz-Cordle
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Marshall
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Cerbo
- Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Arjmand B, Larijani B, Sheikh Hosseini M, Payab M, Gilany K, Goodarzi P, Parhizkar Roudsari P, Amanollahi Baharvand M, Hoseini Mohammadi NS. The Horizon of Gene Therapy in Modern Medicine: Advances and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:33-64. [PMID: 31845133 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy as a novel study in molecular medicine will have a significant impact on human health in the near future. In recent years, the scope of gene therapy has been developed and is now beginning to revolutionize therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, many types of diseases are now being studied and treated in clinical trials through various gene delivery vectors. The emergence of recombinant DNA technology which provides the possibility of fetal genetic screening and genetic counseling is a good case in point. Therefore, gene therapy advances are being applied to correct inherited genetic disorders such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and familial hypercholesterolemia as well as acquired diseases like cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and infectious diseases like HIV. As a result, gene therapy approaches have the ability to help the vast majority of newborns with different diseases. Since these ongoing treatments and clinical trials are being developed, many more barriers and challenges have been created. In order to continue this positive growth, these challenges need to be recognized and addressed. Accordingly, safety, efficiency and also risks and benefits of gene therapy trials for each disease should be considered. As a result, sustained manufacturing of the therapeutic gene product without any harmful side effects is the least requirement for gene therapy. Herein, different aspects of gene therapy, an overview of the progress, and also the prospects for the future have been discussed for the successful practice of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Sheikh Hosseini
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amanollahi Baharvand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Sadat Hoseini Mohammadi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang N, Chin JS, Chew SY. Localised non-viral delivery of nucleic acids for nerve regeneration in injured nervous systems. Exp Neurol 2018; 319:112820. [PMID: 30195695 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axons damaged by traumatic injuries are often unable to spontaneously regenerate in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Although the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has some regenerative capacity, its ability to regrow remains limited across large lesion gaps due to scar tissue formation. Nucleic acid therapy holds the potential of improving regeneration by enhancing the intrinsic growth ability of neurons and overcoming the inhibitory environment that prevents neurite outgrowth. Nucleic acids modulate gene expression by over-expression of neuronal growth factor or silencing growth-inhibitory molecules. Although in vitro outcomes appear promising, the lack of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery methods to the nervous system has limited the application of nucleic acid therapeutics to patients. Here, we review the recent development of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery platforms, as applied to the nervous system, including the transfection vectors and carriers used, as well as matrices and scaffolds that are currently used. Additionally, we will discuss possible improvements for localised nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jiah Shin Chin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; NTU Institute of Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore.
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26
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Hogan DJ, Zhu JJ, Diago OR, Gammon D, Haghighi A, Lu G, Das A, Gruber HE, Jolly DJ, Ostertag D. Molecular Analyses Support the Safety and Activity of Retroviral Replicating Vector Toca 511 in Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4680-4693. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Recombinant TAT-BMI-1 fusion protein induces ex vivo expansion of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43782-43798. [PMID: 28187462 PMCID: PMC5546440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a well-established therapeutic approach for numerous disorders. HSCs are typically derived from bone marrow or peripheral blood after cytokine-induced mobilization. Umbilical cord blood (CB) represents an appealing alternative HSC source, but the small amounts of the individual CB units have limited its applications. The availability of strategies for safe ex vivo expansion of CB-derived HSCs (CB-HSCs) may allow to extend the use of these cells in adult patients and to avoid the risk of insufficient engraftment or delayed hematopoietic recovery. Here we describe a system for the ex vivo expansion of CB-HSCs based on their transient exposure to a recombinant TAT-BMI-1 chimeric protein. BMI-1 belongs to the Polycomb family of epigenetic modifiers and is recognized as a central regulator of HSC self-renewal. Recombinant TAT-BMI-1 produced in bacteria was able to enter the target cells via the HIV TAT-derived protein transduction peptide covalently attached to BMI-1, and conserved its biological activity. Treatment of CB-CD34+ cells for 3 days with repeated addition of 10 nM purified TAT-BMI-1 significantly enhanced total cell expansion as well as that of primitive hematopoietic progenitors in culture. Importantly, TAT-BMI-1-treated CB-CD34+ cells displayed a consistently higher rate of multi-lineage long-term repopulating activity in primary and secondary xenotransplants in immunocompromised mice. Thus, recombinant TAT-BMI-1 may represent a novel, effective reagent for ex vivo expansion of CB-HSC for therapeutic purposes.
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28
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Melly L, Cerino G, Frobert A, Cook S, Giraud MN, Carrel T, Tevaearai Stahel HT, Eckstein F, Rondelet B, Marsano A, Banfi A. Myocardial infarction stabilization by cell-based expression of controlled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor levels. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2580-2591. [PMID: 29478261 PMCID: PMC5908097 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can induce normal or aberrant angiogenesis depending on the amount secreted in the microenvironment around each cell. Towards a possible clinical translation, we developed a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based technique to rapidly purify transduced progenitors that homogeneously express a desired specific VEGF level from heterogeneous primary populations. Here, we sought to induce safe and functional angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by cell-based expression of controlled VEGF levels. Human adipose stromal cells (ASC) were transduced with retroviral vectors and FACS purified to generate two populations producing similar total VEGF doses, but with different distributions: one with cells homogeneously producing a specific VEGF level (SPEC), and one with cells heterogeneously producing widespread VEGF levels (ALL), but with an average similar to that of the SPEC population. A total of 70 nude rats underwent myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation and 2 weeks later VEGF-expressing or control cells, or saline were injected at the infarction border. Four weeks later, ventricular ejection fraction was significantly worsened with all treatments except for SPEC cells. Further, only SPEC cells significantly increased the density of homogeneously normal and mature microvascular networks. This was accompanied by a positive remodelling effect, with significantly reduced fibrosis in the infarcted area. We conclude that controlled homogeneous VEGF delivery by FACS-purified transduced ASC is a promising strategy to achieve safe and functional angiogenesis in myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Melly
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiac Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Frobert
- Department of Cardiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cook
- Department of Cardiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Carrel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik T Tevaearai Stahel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Rondelet
- Department of Cardiac Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Anna Marsano
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Boulad F, Mansilla-Soto J, Cabriolu A, Rivière I, Sadelain M. Gene Therapy and Genome Editing. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:329-342. [PMID: 29458735 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The β-thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that result from insufficient production of the β-chain of hemoglobin. More than 200 different mutations have been identified. β-Thalassemia major requires life-long transfusions. The only cure for severe β-thalassemia is to provide patients with hematopoietic stem cells. Globin gene therapy promises a curative autologous stem cell transplantation without the immunologic complications of allogeneic transplantation. The future directions of gene therapy include enhancement of lentiviral vector-based approaches, fine tuning of the conditioning regimen, and the design of safer vectors. Progress in genetic engineering bodes well for finding a cure for severe globin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Boulad
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Mansilla-Soto
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Annalisa Cabriolu
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivière
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Chapin J, Giardina PJ. Thalassemia Syndromes. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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31
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Monfort DA, Koria P. Recombinant elastin-based nanoparticles for targeted gene therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:610-620. [PMID: 28681841 PMCID: PMC5658264 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among viruses, lentiviral vectors have been popular vectors for gene delivery due to their efficient mode of gene delivery. However, the non-specific delivery of genes associated with lentiviral vectors may result in undesirable side effects. Here, we propose a heterogeneous nanoparticle delivery system for targeted delivery of lentiviral particles containing a therapeutic gene. The heterogeneous nanoparticles consist of the low density lipoprotein receptor 3 (LDLR3) and the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), each fused to elastin-like-polypeptides (ELPs), LDLR3-ELP and KGF-ELP, respectively. Our results show that while homogeneous nanoparticles comprising of LDLR3-ELP alone blocked viral transduction, heterogeneous nanoparticles comprising of KGF-ELP and LDLR3-ELP enhanced viral transduction in cells expressing high levels of the KGF receptors compared to cells expressing low levels of KGF receptors. Overall, this novel design may help with the targeting of specific cells that overexpressed growth factor such as KGF receptors.
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32
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Wang WN, Zhou GY, Zhang WL. NK-92 cell, another ideal carrier for chimeric antigen receptor. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:753-765. [PMID: 28771105 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable clinical outcomes of the treatment for B-cell malignancies through the application of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have made adoptive immunotherapy with genetically modified immune effector cells a hotspot in the field of antitumor. However, numerous toxicities of CAR-T cells have been identified. Thus, some studies have resorted to another cytotoxic cell, NK-92 cell, to reach for better efficacy with minimal toxicity. Preclinical studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of the genetically modified NK-92 cells with highly specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it is expected that NK-92 cell becomes another ideal carrier for CAR for its unique advantages over primary NK cells, parental NK-92 cells and autologous T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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33
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Latorre-Rey LJ, Wintterle S, Dütting S, Kohlscheen S, Abel T, Schenk F, Wingert S, Rieger MA, Nieswandt B, Heinz N, Modlich U. Targeting expression to megakaryocytes and platelets by lineage-specific lentiviral vectors. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:341-355. [PMID: 27930847 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet phenotypes can be modified by lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Megakaryocyte-specific lentiviral vectors were tested in vitro and in vivo for restricted expression. The glycoprotein 6 vector expressed almost exclusively in megakaryocytes. The platelet factor 4 vector was the strongest but with activity in hematopoietic stem cells. SUMMARY Background Lentiviral transduction and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be utilized to modify the phenotype of megakaryocytes and platelets. As the genetic modification in HSCs is transmitted onto all hematopoietic progenies, transgene expression from the vector should be restricted to megakaryocytes to avoid un-physiologic effects by ectopic transgene expression. This can be achieved by lentiviral vectors that control expression by lineage-specific promoters. Methods In this study, we introduced promoters of megakaryocyte/platelet-specific genes, namely human glycoprotein 6 (hGP6) and hGP9, into third generation lentiviral vectors and analyzed their functionality in vitro and in vivo in bone marrow transplantation assays. Their specificity and efficiency of expression was compared with lentiviral vectors utilizing the promoters of murine platelet factor 4 (mPf4) and hGP1BA, both with strong activity in megakaryocytes (MKs) used in earlier studies, and the ubiquitously expressing phosphoglycerate kinase (hPGK) and spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) enhancer/promoters. Results Expression from the mPf4 vector in MKs and platelets was the strongest similar to expression from the viral SFFV promoter, however, the mPf4 vector, also exhibited considerable off-target expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In contrast, the newly generated hGP6 vector was highly specific to megakaryocytes and platelets. The specificity was also retained when reducing the promoter size to 350 bp, making it a valuable new tool for lentiviral expression in MKs/platelets. Conclusion MK-specific vectors express preferentially in the megakaryocyte lineage. These vectors can be applied to develop murine models to study megakaryocyte and platelet function, or for gene therapy targeting proteins to platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Latorre-Rey
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - S Wintterle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Kohlscheen
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - T Abel
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - F Schenk
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - S Wingert
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Heinz
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - U Modlich
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
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34
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Cho HM, Kim PH, Chang HK, Shen YM, Bonsra K, Kang BJ, Yum SY, Kim JH, Lee SY, Choi MC, Kim HH, Jang G, Cho JY. Targeted Genome Engineering to Control VEGF Expression in Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Implications for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1040-1051. [PMID: 28186692 PMCID: PMC5442764 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB‐MSCs) exhibit potency for the regeneration of infarcted hearts. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is capable of inducing angiogenesis and can boost stem cell‐based therapeutic effects. However, high levels of VEGF can cause abnormal blood vessel growth and hemangiomas. Thus, a controllable system to induce therapeutic levels of VEGF is required for cell therapy. We generated an inducible VEGF‐secreting stem cell (VEGF/hUCB‐MSC) that controls the expression of VEGF and tested the therapeutic efficacy in rat myocardial infarction (MI) model to apply functional stem cells to MI. To introduce the inducible VEGF gene cassette into a safe harbor site of the hUCB‐MSC chromosome, the transcription activator‐like effector nucleases system was used. After confirming the integration of the cassette into the locus, VEGF secretion in physiological concentration from VEGF/hUCB‐MSCs after doxycycline (Dox) induction was proved in conditioned media. VEGF secretion was detected in mice implanted with VEGF/hUCB‐MSCs grown via a cell sheet system. Vessel formation was induced in mice transplanted with Matrigel containing VEGF/hUCB‐MSCs treated with Dox. Moreover, seeding of the VEGF/hUCB‐MSCs onto the cardiac patch significantly improved the left ventricle ejection fraction and fractional shortening in a rat MI model upon VEGF induction. Induced VEGF/hUCB‐MSC patches significantly decreased the MI size and fibrosis and increased muscle thickness, suggesting improved survival of cardiomyocytes and protection from MI damage. These results suggest that our inducible VEGF‐secreting stem cell system is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of MI. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1040–1051
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi-Ming Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwaku Bonsra
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Yeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Choi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Shin WJ, Shin SW, Yuk JS, Amornkitbamrung L, Jang MS, Song IH, Choi SW, Kang I, Lee JY, Bae H, Kang KS, Um SH. Cell Surface Nano-modulation for Non-invasive in vivo Near-IR Stem Cell Monitoring. ChemMedChem 2016; 12:28-32. [PMID: 27943553 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A stem cell tracking system is in high demand for the determination of cell destinations and for the validation of cell therapeutic efficacy in regenerative transplantation. To date, near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology has received considerable attention in cell behavior monitoring, owing to its patient compatibility, easy accessibility and cost effectiveness. Conventionally, in vivo cell tracking has been visualized by direct in-cell staining with NIR, where it may be achieved by complicated genetic engineering. Such genetic amendment techniques have suffered from serious challenges, which can destroy a cell's metabolism and can accidentally incur unexpected carcinoma. Herein we demonstrate a novel cell nano-modulation method for noninvasive stem cell monitoring. It is simply achieved by conjugating stem cells with lipid-supported, NIR-tagged, polymeric nanoparticles. These engineered cells, which are designated as NIR-labeled light-emitting stem cells (LESCs), maintain their biochemical functionality (i.e., differentiation, quantum efficacy, etc.) even after conjugation. LESCs were used for in situ stem cell monitoring at inoculation sites. It is speculated that the LESC technique could provide a new preparative methodology for in vivo cell tracking in advanced diagnostic medicine, where cell behavior is a critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Yuk
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Lunjakorn Amornkitbamrung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Min Su Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - In Hyun Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 85 dong, Gwangk-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Insung Kang
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 85 dong, Gwangk-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 85 dong, Gwangk-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 85 dong, Gwangk-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea.,SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
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Abstract
Current treatment of hemophilia A (HemA) patients with repeated infusions of factor VIII (FVIII; abbreviated as F8 in constructs) is costly, inconvenient, and incompletely effective. In addition, approximately 25 % of treated patients develop anti-factor VIII immune responses. Gene therapy that can achieve long-term phenotypic correction without the complication of anti-factor VIII antibody formation is highly desired. Lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) results in stable integration of FVIII gene into the host genome, leading to persistent therapeutic effect. However, ex vivo HSC gene therapy requires pre-conditioning which is highly undesirable for hemophilia patients. The recently developed novel methodology of direct intraosseous (IO) delivery of LVs can efficiently transduce bone marrow cells, generating high levels of transgene expression in HSCs. IO delivery of E-F8-LV utilizing a ubiquitous EF1α promoter generated initially therapeutic levels of FVIII, however, robust anti-FVIII antibody responses ensued neutralized functional FVIII activity in the circulation. In contrast, a single IO delivery of G-FVIII-LV utilizing a megakaryocytic-specific GP1bα promoter achieved platelet-specific FVIII expression, leading to persistent, partial correction of HemA in treated animals. Most interestingly, comparable therapeutic benefit with G-F8-LV was obtained in HemA mice with pre-existing anti-FVIII inhibitors. Platelets is an ideal IO delivery vehicle since FVIII stored in α-granules of platelets is protected from high-titer anti-FVIII antibodies; and that even relatively small numbers of activated platelets that locally excrete FVIII may be sufficient to promote efficient clot formation during bleeding. Additionally, combination of pharmacological agents improved transduction of LVs and persistence of transduced cells and transgene expression. Overall, a single IO infusion of G-F8-LV can generate long-term stable expression of hFVIII in platelets and correct hemophilia phenotype for long term. This approach has high potential to permanently treat FVIII deficiency with and without pre-existing anti-FVIII antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Miao
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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37
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Boccardo S, Gaudiello E, Melly L, Cerino G, Ricci D, Martin I, Eckstein F, Banfi A, Marsano A. Engineered mesenchymal cell-based patches as controlled VEGF delivery systems to induce extrinsic angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:127-135. [PMID: 27469308 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic over-expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) by transduced progenitors is a promising strategy to efficiently induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissues (e.g. limb muscle and myocardium), but tight control over the micro-environmental distribution of the dose is required to avoid induction of angioma-like tumors. Therapeutic VEGF release was achieved by purified transduced adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) that homogeneously produce specific VEGF levels, inducing only normal angiogenesis after injection in non-ischemic tissues. However, the therapeutic potential of this approach mostly in the cardiac field is limited by the poor cell survival and the restricted area of effect confined to the cell-injection site. The implantation of cells previously organized in vitro in 3D engineered tissues could overcome these issues. Here we hypothesized that collagen sponge-based construct (patch), generated by ASC expressing controlled VEGF levels, can function as delivery device to induce angiogenesis in surrounding areas (extrinsic vascularization). A 7-mm-thick acellular collagen scaffold (empty), sutured beneath the patch, provided a controlled and reproducible model to clearly investigate the ongoing angiogenesis in subcutaneous mice pockets. VEGF-expressing ASC significantly increased the capillary in-growth inside both the patch itself and the empty scaffold compared to naïve cells, leading to significantly improved survival of implanted cells. These data suggest that this strategy confers control (i) on angiogenesis efficacy and safety by means of ASC expressing therapeutic VEGF levels and (ii) over the treated area through the specific localization in an engineered collagen sponge-based patch. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Development of efficient pro-angiogenic therapies to restore the micro-vascularization in ischemic tissues is still an open issue. Although extensively investigated, the promising approach based on injections of progenitors transduced to over-express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has still several limitations: (i) need of a tight control over the microenvironmental VEGF dose to avoid angioma-like tumor growth; (ii) poor implanted cell survival; (iii) effect area restricted mainly to the injection sites. Here, we aimed to overcome these drawbacks by generating a novel cell-based controlled VEGF delivery device. In particular, transduced mesenchymal cells, purified to release a sustained, safe and efficient VEGF dose, were organized in three-dimensional engineered tissues to improve cell survival and provide a uniform vascularization throughout both the mm-thick implanted constructs themselves and the surrounding area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ricci
- CTNSC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tasan I, Jain S, Zhao H. Use of genome-editing tools to treat sickle cell disease. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1011-28. [PMID: 27250347 PMCID: PMC5002234 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-editing techniques have made it possible to modify any desired DNA sequence by employing programmable nucleases. These next-generation genome-modifying tools are the ideal candidates for therapeutic applications, especially for the treatment of genetic disorders like sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is an inheritable monogenic disorder which is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin gene. Substantial success has been achieved in the development of supportive therapeutic strategies for SCD, but unfortunately there is still a lack of long-term universal cure. The only existing curative treatment is based on allogeneic stem cell transplantation from healthy donors; however, this treatment is applicable to a limited number of patients only. Hence, a universally applicable therapy is highly desirable. In this review, we will discuss the three programmable nucleases that are commonly used for genome-editing purposes: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). We will continue by exemplifying uses of these methods to correct the sickle cell mutation. Additionally, we will present induction of fetal globin expression as an alternative approach to cure sickle cell disease. We will conclude by comparing the three methods and explaining the concerns about their use in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Tasan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Surbhi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Enhanced gene delivery to the lung using biodegradable polyunsaturated cationic phosphatidylcholine-detergent conjugates. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:205-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pierrat P, Casset A, Didier P, Kereselidze D, Lux M, Pons F, Lebeau L. Cationic DOPC-Detergent Conjugates for Safe and Efficient in Vitro and in Vivo Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1771-83. [PMID: 27380144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a nonviral nucleic acid carrier to deliver its cargo to cells with low associated toxicity is a critical issue for clinical applications of gene therapy. We describe biodegradable cationic DOPC-C12 E4 conjugates in which transfection efficiency is based on a Trojan horse strategy. In situ production of the detergent compound C12 E4 through conjugate hydrolysis within the acidic endosome compartment was expected to promote endosome membrane destabilization and subsequent release of the lipoplexes into cytosol. The transfection efficiency of the conjugates has been assessed in vitro, and associated cytotoxicity was determined. Cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the lipoplexes have been investigated. The results show that direct conjugation of DOPC with C12 E4 produces a versatile carrier that can deliver both DNA and siRNA to cells in vitro with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity. SAR studies suggest that this compound might represent a reasonable compromise between the membrane activity of the released detergent and susceptibility of the conjugate to degradation enzymes in vitro. Although biodegradability of the conjugates had low impact on carrier efficiency in vitro, it proved critical in vivo. Significant improvement of transgene expression was obtained in the mouse lung tuning biodegradability of the carrier. Importantly, this also allowed reduction of the inflammatory response that invariably characterizes cationic-lipid-mediated gene transfer in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pierrat
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Casset
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Lux
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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Jin C, Fotaki G, Ramachandran M, Nilsson B, Essand M, Yu D. Safe engineering of CAR T cells for adoptive cell therapy of cancer using long-term episomal gene transfer. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:702-11. [PMID: 27189167 PMCID: PMC4931286 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a new successful treatment for refractory B‐cell leukemia. Successful therapeutic outcome depends on long‐term expression of CAR transgene in T cells, which is achieved by delivering transgene using integrating gamma retrovirus (RV) or lentivirus (LV). However, uncontrolled RV/LV integration in host cell genomes has the potential risk of causing insertional mutagenesis. Herein, we describe a novel episomal long‐term cell engineering method using non‐integrating lentiviral (NILV) vector containing a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) element, for either expression of transgenes or silencing of target genes. The insertional events of this vector into the genome of host cells are below detection level. CD19 CAR T cells engineered with a NILV‐S/MAR vector have similar levels of CAR expression as T cells engineered with an integrating LV vector, even after numerous rounds of cell division. NILV‐S/MAR‐engineered CD19 CAR T cells exhibited similar cytotoxic capacity upon CD19+ target cell recognition as LV‐engineered T cells and are as effective in controlling tumor growth in vivo. We propose that NILV‐S/MAR vectors are superior to current options as they enable long‐term transgene expression without the risk of insertional mutagenesis and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Berith Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ren B, Tao C, Swan MA, Joachim N, Martiniello-Wilks R, Nassif NT, O'Brien BA, Simpson AM. Pancreatic Transdifferentiation and Glucose-Regulated Production of Human Insulin in the H4IIE Rat Liver Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:534. [PMID: 27070593 PMCID: PMC4848990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of current treatment regimes, gene therapy is a promising strategy being explored to correct blood glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. In the current study, we used a retroviral vector to deliver either the human insulin gene alone, the rat NeuroD1 gene alone, or the human insulin gene and rat NeuroD1 genes together, to the rat liver cell line, H4IIE, to determine if storage of insulin and pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred. Stable clones were selected and expanded into cell lines: H4IIEins (insulin gene alone), H4IIE/ND (NeuroD1 gene alone), and H4IIEins/ND (insulin and NeuroD1 genes). The H4IIEins cells did not store insulin; however, H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cells stored 65.5 ± 5.6 and 1475.4 ± 171.8 pmol/insulin/5 × 106 cells, respectively. Additionally, several β cell transcription factors and pancreatic hormones were expressed in both H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cells. Electron microscopy revealed insulin storage vesicles in the H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cell lines. Regulated secretion of insulin to glucose (0–20 mmol/L) was seen in the H4IIEins/ND cell line. The H4IIEins/ND cells were transplanted into diabetic immunoincompetent mice, resulting in normalization of blood glucose. This data shows that the expression of NeuroD1 and insulin in liver cells may be a useful strategy for inducing islet neogenesis and reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhai Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chang Tao
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Margaret Anne Swan
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nichole Joachim
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rosetta Martiniello-Wilks
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Najah T Nassif
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn A O'Brien
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ann M Simpson
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abbasi H, Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Nasiri Z, Bahadorani M, Tahmoorespur M, Nasiri MR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Lentiviral vector-mediated transduction of goat undifferentiated spermatogonia. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tolmachov OE. Transgenic DNA modules with pre-programmed self-destruction: Universal molecular devices to escape 'genetic litter' in gene and cell therapy. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:686-9. [PMID: 26319641 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery to human somatic cells is a well-established therapeutic strategy to treat a variety of diseases. In addition, gene transfer to human cells is required to generate human induced pluripotent cells and also to eliminate tumorigenic undifferentiated cells in many types of stem-cell derived transplantation material. The expression of transgenes in these medical technologies is often required only in some of the recipient cells and only in specific limited time-windows, with inappropriately located or untimely expressed transgenes presenting a risk of undesired collateral effects. Unfortunately, current gene transfer procedures commonly result in a number of cells in the patient's body containing fragments of transferred genetic material which are either not therapeutically necessary at all, are no longer necessary or are necessary but in some other cells. Such transgenic material in the patient, created as a by-product of the chosen therapeutic procedure, constitutes, in fact, 'genetic litter', that is, persisting potentially-hazardous foreign genetic material which is neither required therapeutically nor explicitly chosen by an informed and free-willing person as an artificial body element. Wider use and more frequent administration of gene and cell therapy in the future are likely to give greater prominence to the issue of misdelivered genetic medicines and of their unwanted remainders accumulating in human bodies. Thus, novel DNA templates, which, on the one hand, are capable of providing transgene expression over broad time-windows, and, on the other hand, do not leave unwanted permanent 'genetic traces', are required. I propose that the problem of 'genetic litter' in patients' bodies can be addressed through the employment of a new type of gene vectors delivering DNA-based transgenic modules with pre-programmed self-destruction. Such vectors could deliver therapeutic DNA cargo and then execute self-liquidation through pre-scheduled activation of co-delivered genome editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases, specific for the DNA to be eliminated. In this model, all unnecessary transgenic DNA is edited away precisely at a desired time point. Activity of the gene correction apparatus for the specific and effective destruction of transgenic DNA could be turned on by well-timed external signals or could be triggered through intracellular sensors of particular epigenetic signatures. It is expected that the employment of the proposed DNA-based gene vectors equipped with a transgene self-destruct mechanism can extend the safe and ethical application of gene and cell therapy to a broader range of curative and lifestyle-choice medical treatments, e.g., full body prophylactic gene therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg E Tolmachov
- Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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45
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Vu LT, Nguyen TTK, Alam S, Sakamoto T, Fujimoto K, Suzuki H, Tsukahara T. Changing blue fluorescent protein to green fluorescent protein using chemical RNA editing as a novel strategy in genetic restoration. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1242-52. [PMID: 26031895 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using the transition from cytosine of BFP (blue fluorescent protein) gene to uridine of GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene at position 199 as a model, we successfully controlled photochemical RNA editing to effect site-directed deamination of cytidine (C) to uridine (U). Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 5'-carboxyvinyl-2'-deoxyuridine ((CV) U) were used for reversible photoligation, and single-stranded 100-nt BFP DNA and in vitro-transcribed full-length BFP mRNA were the targets. Photo-cross-linking with the responsive ODNs was performed using UV (366 nm) irradiation, which was followed by heat treatment, and the cross-linked nucleotide was cleaved through photosplitting (UV, 312 nm). The products were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and fluorescence measurements. Western blotting and fluorescence-analysis results revealed that in vitro-translated proteins were synthesized from mRNAs after site-directed RNA editing. We detected substantial amounts of the target-base-substituted fragment using RFLP and observed highly reproducible spectra of the transition-GFP signal using fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicated protein stability. ODNc restored approximately 10% of the C-to-U transition. Thus, we successfully used non-enzymatic site-directed deamination for genetic restoration in vitro. In the near future, in vivo studies that include cultured cells and model animals will be conducted to treat genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyen T Vu
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Thanh T K Nguyen
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Shafiul Alam
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kenzo Fujimoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsukahara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
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High-throughput monitoring of integration site clonality in preclinical and clinical gene therapy studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:14061. [PMID: 26052530 PMCID: PMC4449016 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells with integrating vectors not only allows sustained correction of monogenic diseases but also tracking of individual clones in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has been shown to be an accurate method to quantify individual stem cell clones, yet due to frequently limited amounts of target material (especially in clinical studies), it is not useful for large-scale analyses. To explore whether vector integration site (IS) recovery techniques may be suitable to describe clonal contributions if combined with next-generation sequencing techniques, we designed artificial ISs of different sizes which were mixed to simulate defined clonal situations in clinical settings. We subjected all mixes to either linear amplification–mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) or nonrestrictive LAM-PCR (nrLAM-PCR), both combined with 454 sequencing. We showed that nrLAM-PCR/454-detected clonality allows estimating qPCR-detected clonality in vitro. We then followed the kinetics of two clones detected in a patient enrolled in a clinical gene therapy trial using both, nrLAM-PCR/454 and qPCR and also saw nrLAM-PCR/454 to correlate to qPCR-measured clonal contributions. The method presented here displays a feasible high-throughput strategy to monitor clonality in clinical gene therapy trials is at hand.
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Gupta K, Singh S, Garg KN. Gene therapy in dentistry: Tool of genetic engineering. Revisited. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Noh MJ, Copeland O, O’Mara M, Lee KH. Cell mediated gene therapy: A guide for doctors in the clinic. World J Med Genet 2015; 5:1-13. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v5.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of gene therapy products in Europe and Asia and the upsurge of gene therapy products in clinical trials signal the rebound of this technology not only for many orphan diseases but also for non-life threatening diseases. Following the success of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in research, other modified ex vivo gene therapies are also knocking on the door of the clinic. Historically, gene therapy has experienced many ups and downs and still faces many challenges. During the past 10 years, many new ideas have been tried, and the goal of making this technology a more effective treatment modality through greater safety and control is coming within reach. The first clinical trial of iPS cells has begun, and cell mediated gene therapy products have reached phase III in some countries. The potential for tumorigenicity and immunogenicity are still concerns with these products, so physicians should understand the biological aspects of engineered cells in the clinic. In this review article, we attempted to provide a summary update of the current state of knowledge regarding this technology: that is, we reviewed products that have finished clinical trials, are still in clinical trials and/or are at the research stage. We also focused on the challenges, future directions, and strategies for making this technology available in the clinic. In addition, the available measures for making gene therapy products safer are within the scope of this article. It is also important to understand the manufacturing process for gene therapy products, because cell characteristics can change during the cell expansion process. When physicians use gene therapy products in the clinic, they should be aware of the viability, temperature sensitivity and stability of these cells because biologic products are different from chemical products. Although we may not be able to answer all possible questions and concerns, we believe that this is the right time for physicians to increase their interest in and understanding of this evolving technology.
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Efficient in vitro and in vivo pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid by carbon dot-based nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2015; 51:290-302. [PMID: 25771019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic carbon dots were fabricated by pyrolysis of citric acid and bPEI25k under microwave radiation. Various nanoparticles were produced in a 20-30% yield through straightforward modifications of the reaction parameters (stoichiometry of the reactants and energy supply regime). Particular attention was paid to the purification of the reaction products to ensure satisfactory elimination of the residual starting polyamine. Intrinsic properties of the particles (size, surface charge, photoluminescence and quantum yield) were measured and their ability to form stable complexes with nucleic acid was determined. Their potential to deliver plasmid DNA or small interfering RNA to various cell lines was investigated and compared to that of bPEI25k. The pDNA in vitro transfection efficiency of these carbon dots was similar to that of the parent PEI, as was their cytotoxicity. The higher cytotoxicity of bPEI25k/siRNA complexes when compared to that of the CD/siRNA complexes however had marked consequences on the gene silencing efficiency of the two carriers. These results are not fully consistent with those in some earlier reports on similar nanoparticles, revealing that toxicity of the carbon dots strongly depends on their protocol of fabrication. Finally, these carriers were evaluated for in vivo gene delivery through the non-invasive pulmonary route in mice. High transgene expression was obtained in the lung that was similar to that obtained with the golden standard formulation GL67A, but was associated with significantly lower toxicity. Post-functionalization of these carbon dots with PEG or targeting moieties should significantly broaden their scope and practical implications in improving their in vivo transfection efficiency and biocompatibility.
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50
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Wang X, Shin SC, Chiang AFJ, Khan I, Pan D, Rawlings DJ, Miao CH. Intraosseous delivery of lentiviral vectors targeting factor VIII expression in platelets corrects murine hemophilia A. Mol Ther 2015; 23:617-26. [PMID: 25655313 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraosseous (IO) infusion of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for in situ gene transfer into bone marrow may avoid specific challenges posed by ex vivo gene delivery, including, in particular, the requirement of preconditioning. We utilized IO delivery of LVs encoding a GFP or factor VIII (FVIII) transgene directed by ubiquitous promoters (a MND or EF-1α-short element; M-GFP-LV, E-F8-LV) or a platelet-specific, glycoprotein-1bα promoter (G-GFP-LV, G-F8-LV). A single IO infusion of M-GFP-LV or G-GFP-LV achieved long-term and efficient GFP expression in Lineage(-)Sca1(+)c-Kit(+) hematopoietic stem cells and platelets, respectively. While E-F8-LV produced initially high-level FVIII expression, robust anti-FVIII immune responses eliminated functional FVIII in circulation. In contrast, IO delivery of G-F8-LV achieved long-term platelet-specific expression of FVIII, resulting in partial correction of hemophilia A. Furthermore, similar clinical benefit with G-F8-LV was achieved in animals with pre-existing anti-FVIII inhibitors. These findings further support platelets as an ideal FVIII delivery vehicle, as FVIII, stored in α-granules, is protected from neutralizing antibodies and, during bleeding, activated platelets locally excrete FVIII to promote clot formation. Overall, a single IO infusion of G-F8-LV was sufficient to correct hemophilia phenotype for long term, indicating that this approach may provide an effective means to permanently treat FVIII deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simon C Shin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andy F J Chiang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Iram Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dao Pan
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- 1] Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carol H Miao
- 1] Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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