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Chen YC, Hou CY, Hsu MH, Huang LT, Hsiao CC, Sheen JM. The Impact of Gut Microbiota Changes on Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Developing Young Rats. Biomedicines 2024; 12:908. [PMID: 38672262 PMCID: PMC11048417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an essential part of therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, and inferior intellectual outcomes have been reported in children who are leukemia survivors. Although several studies have demonstrated that the interaction between gut microbiota changes and the brain plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced brain injury, preexisting studies on the effect of MTX on gut microbiota changes focused on gastrointestinal toxicity only. Based on our previous studies, which revealed that MTX treatment resulted in inferior neurocognitive function in developing young rats, we built a young rat model mimicking MTX treatment in a child ALL protocol, trying to investigate the interactions between the gut and brain in response to MTX treatment. We found an association between gut microbiota changes and neurogenesis/repair processes in response to MTX treatment, which suggest that MTX treatment results in gut dysbiosis, which is considered to be related to MTX neurotoxicity through an alteration in gut-brain axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Cui Y, Yan Y. The global burden of childhood and adolescent leukaemia and attributable risk factors: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04045. [PMID: 38426852 PMCID: PMC10906348 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aim of this study is to estimate the burden of leukaemia in children and adolescents, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI), for 21 regions around the world from 1990 to 2019. Methods We also conducted an analysis of the Joinpoint model to estimate the time trend of childhood and adolescent leukaemia incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate and age-standardised rates (ASR) of leukaemia. Results According to our analysis, the middle SDI experienced the highest decrease in incidence rate between 1990 and 2019, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.0, -2.6, P < 0.05). We showed that DALYs of children leukaemia is 155.98 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 127.18, 182.64) for global male, however, global female leukaemia DALYs is 117.65 (95% UI = 102.07, 132.70). Conclusions Despite the observed decline in the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of leukaemia over the last three decades, the burden of childhood and adolescent leukaemia remains high, particularly in areas with lower SDI.
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Hayashi H, Makimoto A, Yuza Y. Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Historical Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:723. [PMID: 38398113 PMCID: PMC10887299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common disease in pediatric oncology. The history of developmental therapeutics for ALL began in the 1960s with the repetition of "unreliable" medical interventions against this lethal disease. By the 1990s, the development of multi-agent chemotherapy and various types of supportive care rendered ALL treatable. Highly sophisticated, molecular, diagnostic techniques have enabled highly accurate prediction of the relapse risk, and the application of risk-adapted treatments has increased the survival rate in the standard-risk group to nearly 100% in most European nations and North America. Incorporation of state-of-the-art, molecularly targeted agents and novel treatments, including cell and immunotherapy, is further improving outcomes even in the high-risk group. On the other hand, the financial burden of treating children with ALL has increased, imperiling the availability of these diagnostic and treatment strategies to patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The fundamental treatment strategy, consisting of corticosteroid and classical cytotoxic therapy, has achieved fairly good outcomes and should be feasible in LMICs as well. The present review will discuss the history of developmental therapeutics for childhood ALL in various countries through an extensive literature review with the aim of proposing a model for a treatment backbone for pediatric ALL. The discussion will hopefully benefit LMICs and be useful as a base for future clinical trials of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hayashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Atsushi Makimoto
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.)
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Tsotridou E, Georgiou E, Tragiannidis A, Avgeros C, Tzimagiorgis G, Lambrou M, Papakonstantinou E, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Hatzipantelis E. miRNAs as predictive biomarkers of response to treatment in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:71. [PMID: 38192661 PMCID: PMC10773203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are promising prognostic biomarkers in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study aimed to identify miRNAs that could serve as prognostic biomarkers or as novel therapeutic targets in ALL. The expression levels of 84 miRNAs were assessed in the bone marrow aspirates of 10 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ALL at diagnosis and on day 33 of induction of the ALL Intercontinental Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 2009 protocol, and associations with established prognostic factors were evaluated. The levels at diagnosis of 25 miRNAs were associated with ≥2 prognostic factors. Higher expression levels of let-7c-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-30b-5p and miR-31-5p were significantly associated with a good prednisone response. The expression levels of miR-125b-5p, miR-150-5p and miR-99a-5p were significantly higher in standard- or intermediate-risk patients compared with those in high-risk patients (P=0.017, P=0.033 and P=0.017, respectively), as well as in those with a complete response at the end of induction (P=0.044 for all three miRNAs). The change in expression levels between diagnosis and the end of induction differed significantly between risk groups for three miRNAs: miR-206, miR-210 and miR-99a (P=0.033, P=0.047 and P=0.008, respectively), with the post induction levels of miR-206 increased in high-risk patients, whilst miR-210 and miR-99a levels were increased in intermediate/standard risk patients. Therefore, miRNAs that could be integrated into the risk stratification of pediatric ALL after further evaluation in larger patient cohorts were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsotridou
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Elisavet Georgiou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tragiannidis
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Avgeros
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Maria Lambrou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 42, Greece
| | - Eugenia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 42, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Hatzipantelis
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
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El Mahdaoui C, Hda N, Oukkache B, Dehbi H, Khoubila N, Madani A, Cherkaoui S. t(1;4) translocation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:537. [PMID: 38082322 PMCID: PMC10714495 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, with an 80% frequency in children between 1 and 10 years old. The outcome and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children depends on various factors, such as age, clinical and biological features, and cytogenetic factors. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a pediatric patient, a 4-year-old Moroccan female who was referred to the Hematology and Oncology Department of 20 August 1953 Hospital in Casablanca and diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with a rare genetic chromosomal abnormality. CONCLUSION Translocation (1;4)(p21;p15) is a relatively rare chromosomal abnormality found in human leukemia and was never described isolated in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. It showed a good evolution by complete remission and recovery of this patient after receiving all chemotherapy and after 8 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae El Mahdaoui
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Nezha Hda
- Hda Laboratories of Medical Biology Analysis, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Oukkache
- Hematology Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hind Dehbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department of August 20 Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nisrine Khoubila
- Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department of August 20 Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Madani
- Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department of August 20 Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Siham Cherkaoui
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department of August 20 Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
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Sun G, Leclerc GJ, Chahar S, Barredo JC. AMPK Associates with Chromatin and Phosphorylates the TAF-1 Subunit of the Transcription Initiation Complex to Regulate Histone Gene Expression in ALL Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1261-1273. [PMID: 37682252 PMCID: PMC10690046 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The survival rates for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain poor. We and others have reported that ALL cells are vulnerable to conditions inducing energy/ER-stress mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To identify the target genes directly regulated by AMPKα2, we performed genome-wide RNA-seq and ChIP-seq in CCRF-CEM (T-ALL) cells expressing HA-AMPKα2 (CN2) under normal and energy/metabolic stress conditions. CN2 cells show significantly altered AMPKα2 genomic binding and transcriptomic profile under metabolic stress conditions, including reduced histone gene expression. Proteomic analysis and in vitro kinase assays identified the TATA-Box-Binding Protein-Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) as a novel AMPKα2 substrate that downregulates histone gene transcription in response to energy/metabolic stress. Knockdown and knockout studies demonstrated that both AMPKα2 and TAF1 are required for histone gene expression. Mechanistically, upon activation, AMPKα2 phosphorylates TAF1 at Ser-1353 which impairs TAF1 interaction with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), leading to a compromised state of p-AMPKα2/p-TAF1/Pol II chromatin association and suppression of transcription. This mechanism was also observed in primary ALL cells and in vivo in NSG mice. Consequently, we uncovered a non-canonical function of AMPK that phosphorylates TAF1, both members of a putative chromatin-associated transcription complex that regulate histone gene expression, among others, in response to energy/metabolic stress. IMPLICATIONS Fully delineating the protein interactome by which AMPK regulates adaptive survival responses to energy/metabolic stress, either via epigenetic gene regulation or other mechanisms, will allow the rational development of strategies to overcome de novo or acquired resistance in ALL and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guy J. Leclerc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sanjay Chahar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julio C. Barredo
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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7
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Zhang ZJ, Wu QF, Ren AQ, Chen Q, Shi JZ, Li JP, Liu XY, Zhang ZJ, Tang YZ, Zhao Y, Yao NN, Zhang XY, Liu CP, Dong G, Zhao JX, Xu MJ, Yue YQ, Hu J, Sun F, Liu Y, Ao QL, Zhou FL, Wu H, Zhang TC, Zhu HC. ATF4 renders human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors through amino acid metabolic reprogramming. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2282-2295. [PMID: 37280363 PMCID: PMC10618259 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of FGFR1 have been reported in multiple malignancies, suggesting FGFR1 as a potential target for precision treatment, but drug resistance remains a formidable obstacle. In this study, we explored whether FGFR1 acted a therapeutic target in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and the molecular mechanisms underlying T-ALL cell resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors. We showed that FGFR1 was significantly upregulated in human T-ALL and inversely correlated with the prognosis of patients. Knockdown of FGFR1 suppressed T-ALL growth and progression both in vitro and in vivo. However, the T-ALL cells were resistant to FGFR1 inhibitors AZD4547 and PD-166866 even though FGFR1 signaling was specifically inhibited in the early stage. Mechanistically, we found that FGFR1 inhibitors markedly increased the expression of ATF4, which was a major initiator for T-ALL resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors. We further revealed that FGFR1 inhibitors induced expression of ATF4 through enhancing chromatin accessibility combined with translational activation via the GCN2-eIF2α pathway. Subsequently, ATF4 remodeled the amino acid metabolism by stimulating the expression of multiple metabolic genes ASNS, ASS1, PHGDH and SLC1A5, maintaining the activation of mTORC1, which contributed to the drug resistance in T-ALL cells. Targeting FGFR1 and mTOR exhibited synergistically anti-leukemic efficacy. These results reveal that FGFR1 is a potential therapeutic target in human T-ALL, and ATF4-mediated amino acid metabolic reprogramming contributes to the FGFR1 inhibitor resistance. Synergistically inhibiting FGFR1 and mTOR can overcome this obstacle in T-ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qi-Fang Wu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - An-Qi Ren
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jiang-Zhou Shi
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jia-Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xi-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yu-Zhe Tang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chang-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Records, Office for DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups), Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ge Dong
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Zhao
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mei-Jun Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Yue
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Hai-Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223, China.
- Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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Zhu L, Chen C, Kang M, Ma X, Sun X, Xue Y, Fang Y. KIF11 serves as a cell cycle mediator in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15609-15622. [PMID: 37656243 PMCID: PMC10620298 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify key gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and their enriched biological functions and signaling pathways. METHODS Array data of the GSE73578 dataset, involving 46 childhood ALL samples, were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Hub modules associated with childhood ALL were screened out by WGCNA. Enriched biological functions and signaling pathways were then identified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Hub genes were selected by overlapping those between down-regulated genes in GSE73578, GSE4698 and the hub module. Guilt by association (GBA) was adopted to verify the function of the identified KIF11 gene and to predict its target genes. Regulatory effects of KIF11 on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of ALL in vitro were determined by cytological experiments. RESULTS WGCNA showed that the yellow module was the most relevant to childhood ALL treatment, containing 698 genes that were enriched in cell division, mitotic nuclear division, DNA replication and DNA repair, cell cycle, DNA replication and the P53 signaling pathway. The KIF11 gene was screened out and predicted as a cell cycle mediator in childhood ALL. Knockdown of KIF11 in ALL cells inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle progression in G2/M phase. CONCLUSIONS The KIF11 gene is critical in the treatment process of childhood ALL, which is a promising therapeutic target for childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuqin Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meiyun Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Xue
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 220000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Aswad L, Jafari R. FORALL: an interactive shiny/R web portal to navigate multi-omics high-throughput data of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2023; 3:vbad143. [PMID: 37860104 PMCID: PMC10582518 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children worldwide. The availability of easily accessible multi-omics data provides unprecedented resources and opportunities for discovering and refining disease biology, cancer biomarkers, and drug mechanisms of action. This has led to exponential growth of omics data available in public repositories. However, delivering the useful information and knowledge extraction from this data is one of the bottlenecks of multi-omics. Presenting, navigating, and downloading ALL omics data in a user-friendly interface provide a valuable platform for biologists and clinicians to get most of the omics data. Our in-house data provides in-depth mass spectrometry-based protein abundance data for a large panel of commercially available ALL cell lines. Providing this data to the scientific community in the form of a user-friendly web-portal allows for easy and detailed exploration of the data. Results We have developed the Functional Omics Resource of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (FORALL) web-portal. FORALL is a shiny-based web portal designed to navigate in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics data of 51 cell lines. The proteomics data can be navigated and visualized along with matched RNA expression data as well as drug sensitivity data of 528 investigational and approved drugs. Availability and implementation FORALL is available at https://proteomics.se/forall/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay Aswad
- Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rozbeh Jafari
- Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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Tan YQ, Loh CK, Makpol S. A Review of L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients with Regard to the Measurement of Anti-Asparaginase Antibodies and Their Genetic Predisposition. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:40-51. [PMID: 37928798 PMCID: PMC10624446 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is effective as part of the first line childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment regimen but suffers the risk of antibody production causing immune-mediated sequelae. This article aimed to describe the clinical implication of L-asparaginase hypersensitivity and review the types of antibodies and genetic polymorphisms contributing to it. Clinical or subclinical L-asparaginase hypersensitivity may lead to suboptimum therapeutic effect and jeopardise the clinical outcome in ALL children. Anti-asparaginase antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM and IgE were identified in the L-asparaginase hypersensitivities. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly used to quantify the IgG and IgM levels. The role of IgE in mediating L-asparaginase hypersensitivity is contradictory. Moreover, the presence of antibodies may not necessarily correlate inversely with the L-asparaginase efficacies in some studies. Patients with specific genetic variants have been shown to be more susceptible to clinical hypersensitivity of L-asparaginase. With the advance of technology, gene polymorphisms have been identified among Caucasians using whole-genome or exon sequencing, but the evidence is scanty among Asians. There is lack of pre-clinical study models that could help in understanding the pathophysiological pathway co-relating the gene expression and anti-asparaginase antibody formation. In conclusion, future research studies are required to fill the current gap in understanding the immune mediated reactions towards L-asparaginase upon its administration and its potential impact to the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C-Khai Loh
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Lind KT, Molina E, Mellies A, Schneider KW, Daley W, Green AL. Early death from childhood cancer: First medical record-level analysis reveals insights on diagnostic timing and cause of death. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20201-20211. [PMID: 37787020 PMCID: PMC10587965 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 7.5% of pediatric cancer deaths occur in the first 30 days post diagnosis, termed early death (ED). Previous database-level analyses identified increased ED in Black/Hispanic patients, infants, late adolescents, those in poverty, and with specific diagnoses. Socioeconomic and clinical risk factors have never been assessed at the medical record level and are poorly understood. METHODS We completed a retrospective case-control study of oncology patients diagnosed from 1995 to 2016 at Children's Hospital Colorado. The ED group (n = 45) was compared to a non-early death (NED) group surviving >31 days, randomly selected from the same cohort (n = 44). Medical records and death certificates were manually reviewed for sociodemographic and clinical information to identify risk factors for ED. RESULTS We identified increased ED risk in central nervous system (CNS) tumors and, specifically, high-grade glioma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. There was prolonged time from symptom onset to seeking care in the ED group (29.4 vs. 9.8 days) with similar time courses to diagnosis thereafter. Cause of death was most commonly from tumor progression in brain/CNS tumors and infection in hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS In this first medical record-level analysis of ED, we identified socioeconomic and clinical risk factors. ED was associated with longer time from first symptoms to presentation, suggesting that delayed presentation may be an addressable risk factor. Many individual patient-level risk factors, including socioeconomic measures and barriers to care, were unable to be assessed through record review, highlighting the need for a prospective study to understand and address childhood cancer ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T. Lind
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Elizabeth Molina
- Population Health Shared Resource University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Amy Mellies
- Population Health Shared Resource University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kami Wolfe Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - William Daley
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Adam L. Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
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12
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Rowland L, Smart B, Brown A, Dettorre GM, Gocho Y, Hunt J, Yang W, Yoshimura S, Reyes N, Du G, John A, Maxwell D, Stock W, Kornblau S, Relling MV, Inaba H, Pui CH, Bourquin JP, Karol SE, Mullighan CG, Evans WE, Yang JJ, Crews KR. Ex vivo Drug Sensitivity Imaging-based Platform for Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4731. [PMID: 37575398 PMCID: PMC10415213 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to chemotherapy, whether present at diagnosis or acquired during treatment, is a major cause of treatment failure. Primary ALL cells are accessible for drug sensitivity testing at the time of new diagnosis or at relapse, but there are major limitations with current methods for determining drug sensitivity ex vivo. Here, we describe a functional precision medicine method using a fluorescence imaging platform to test drug sensitivity profiles of primary ALL cells. Leukemia cells are co-cultured with mesenchymal stromal cells and tested with a panel of 40 anti-leukemia drugs to determine individual patterns of drug resistance and sensitivity ("pharmacotype"). This imaging-based pharmacotyping assay addresses the limitations of prior ex vivo drug sensitivity methods by automating data analysis to produce high-throughput data while requiring fewer cells and significantly decreasing the labor-intensive time required to conduct the assay. The integration of drug sensitivity data with genomic profiling provides a basis for rational genomics-guided precision medicine. Key features Analysis of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts obtained at diagnosis from bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood. Experiments are performed ex vivo with mesenchymal stromal cell co-culture and require four days to complete. This fluorescence imaging-based protocol enhances previous ex vivo drug sensitivity assays and improves efficiency by requiring fewer primary cells while increasing the number of drugs tested to 40. It takes approximately 2-3 h for sample preparation and processing and a 1.5-hour imaging time. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rowland
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandon Smart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gino M. Dettorre
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Gocho
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy Hunt
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Noemi Reyes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guoqing Du
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - August John
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dylan Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seth E. Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E. Evans
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristine R. Crews
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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13
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Yilmaz B, Koc A, Dogru O, Tufan Tas B, Senay RE. The results of the modified St Jude Total Therapy XV Protocol in the treatment of low- and middle-income children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1304-1314. [PMID: 37165575 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2205976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The St Jude Total Therapy Study XV was the first clinical trial to prospectively use minimal residual disease levels during and after remission induction therapy to guide risk-directed treatment. We used the Total Therapy XV protocol with minimal modification in treating 115 newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from low- and middle-income groups from January 2011 to December 2017. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.97 ± 3.96 years. The median follow-up period was 88 months. Three (2.6%) patients had bone marrow relapse, and one (0.87%) had an isolated central nervous system relapse. Nineteen of the patients (16.52%) died due to infection-related complications, three (2.61%) died due to progressive disease, and one (0.87%) died due to hematopoietic stem cell transplant complications. Five-year overall survival was 80%, and event-free survival was 78.3%. Our results showed that the Total XV treatment protocol could be used successfully in patients with ALL from low- and middle-income populations. However, infection-related deaths remain a significant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Yilmaz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, SB Marmara University Medical School Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Koc
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, SB Marmara University Medical School Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omer Dogru
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, SB Marmara University Medical School Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Tufan Tas
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, SB Marmara University Medical School Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rabia Emel Senay
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, SB Marmara University Medical School Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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14
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Althobaiti M, Ali S, Hariri NG, Hameed K, Alagl Y, Alzahrani N, Alzahrani S, Al-Naib I. Recent Advances in Smart Epidural Spinal Needles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6065. [PMID: 37447917 DOI: 10.3390/s23136065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Lumbar puncture is a minimally invasive procedure that utilizes a spinal needle to puncture the lumbar epidural space to take a sample from the cerebrospinal fluid or inject drugs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Physicians rely on their expertise to localize epidural space. Due to its critical procedure, the failure rate can reach up to 28%. Hence, a high level of experience and caution is required to correctly insert the needle without puncturing the dura mater, which is a fibrous layer protecting the spinal cord. Failure of spinal anesthesia is, in some cases, related to faulty needle placement techniques since it is blindly inserted. Therefore, advanced techniques for localization of the epidural space are essential to avoid any possible side effects. As for epidural space localization, various ideas were carried out over recent years to provide accurate identification of the epidural space. Subsequently, several methodologies based on mechanical and optical schemes have been proposed. Several research groups worked from different aspects of the problem, namely, the clinical and engineering sides. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to review this research with the aim of remedying the gap between the clinical side of the problem and the engineering side by examining the main techniques in building sensors for such purposes. This manuscript provides an understanding of the clinical needs of spinal needles from an anatomical point of view. Most importantly, it discusses the mechanical and optical approaches in designing and building sensors to guide spinal needles. Finally, the standards that must be followed in building smart spinal needles for approval procedures are also presented, along with some insight into future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Althobaiti
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir G Hariri
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Hameed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Alagl
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Alzahrani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alzahrani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Al-Naib
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Jiménez-Alonso JJ, López-Lázaro M. Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2879. [PMID: 37447206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive unless they obtain sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs). Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have genetic and metabolic alterations that may limit their capacity to obtain adequate levels of the 20 AAs in challenging metabolic environments. However, since normal diets provide all AAs at relatively constant levels and ratios, these potentially lethal genetic and metabolic defects are eventually harmless to cancer cells. If we temporarily replace the normal diet of cancer patients with artificial diets in which the levels of specific AAs are manipulated, cancer cells may be unable to proliferate and survive. This article reviews in vivo studies that have evaluated the antitumor activity of diets restricted in or supplemented with the 20 proteinogenic AAs, individually and in combination. It also reviews our recent studies that show that manipulating the levels of several AAs simultaneously can lead to marked survival improvements in mice with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Sandomierski M, Chojnacka M, Długosz M, Pokora M, Zwolińska J, Majchrzycki Ł, Voelkel A. Mesoporous Silica Modified with Polydopamine and Zinc Ions as a Potential Carrier in the Controlled Release of Mercaptopurine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4358. [PMID: 37374542 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercaptopurine is one of the drugs used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A problem with mercaptopurine therapy is its low bioavailability. This problem can be solved by preparing the carrier that releases the drug in lower doses but over a longer period of time. In this work, polydopamine-modified mesoporous silica with adsorbed zinc ions was used as a drug carrier. SEM images confirm the synthesis of spherical carrier particles. The particle size is close to 200 nm, allowing for its use in intravenous delivery. The zeta potential values for the drug carrier indicate that it is not prone to agglomeration. The effectiveness of drug sorption is indicated by a decrease in the zeta potential and new bands in the FT-IR spectra. The drug was released from the carrier for 15 h, so all of the drug can be released during circulation in the bloodstream. The release of the drug from the carrier was sustained, and no 'burst release' was observed. The material also released small amounts of zinc, which are important in the treatment of the disease because these ions can prevent some of the adverse effects of chemotherapy. The results obtained are promising and have great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sandomierski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Chojnacka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Długosz
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Pokora
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Zwolińska
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Voelkel
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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17
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Öfverholm I, Rezayee F, Heyman M, Harila A, Arvidsson L, Schmiegelow K, Norén-Nyström U, Barbany G. The prognostic impact of IKZF1 deletions and UKALL genetic classifiers in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated according to NOPHO 2008 protocols. Br J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 37156607 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated 390 paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) patients treated according to NOPHO ALL 2008, regarding copy number alterations (CNA) of eight loci associated with adverse prognosis, including IKZF1. The impact on outcome was investigated for each locus individually, combined as CNA profiles and together with cytogenetic information. The presence of IKZF1 deletion or a poor-risk CNA profile was associated with poor outcome in the whole cohort. In the standard-risk group, IKZF1-deleted cases had an inferior probability of relapse-free survival (pRFS) (p ≤ 0.001) and overall survival (pOS) (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, among B-other patients, IKZF1 deletion correlated with poor pRFS (60% vs. 90%) and pOS (65% vs. 89%). Both IKZF1 deletion and a poor-risk CNA profile were independent factors for relapse and death in multivariable analyses adjusting for known risk factors including measurable residual disease. Our data indicate that BCP-ALL patients with high-risk CNA or IKZF1 deletion have worse prognosis despite otherwise low-risk features. Conversely, patients with both a good CNA and cytogenetic profile had a superior relapse-free (p ≤ 0.001) and overall survival (p ≤ 0.001) in the cohort, across all risk groups. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential of CNA assessment to refine stratification in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingegerd Öfverholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemah Rezayee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Heyman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arja Harila
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Arvidsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gisela Barbany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Mardani M, Behfar M, Jafari L, Mohseni R, Naji P, Salajegheh P, Donyadideh G, Hamidieh AA. Total body irradiation-free haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to related and unrelated donor transplantation in pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30255. [PMID: 36815626 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer under the age of 15 years. Despite the recent advances in therapeutic regimens, relapse occurs in 15%-20% of pediatric patients after chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the best treatment option. However, donor availability is one of the major challenges. Over the last decade, haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has evolved as an alternative option. Herein, we aimed to compare the transplant outcomes in pediatric patients receiving total body irradiation (TBI)-free myeloablative regimens, between non-HID and HID transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 60 pediatric ALL patients who had undergone HSCT from October 2016 until September 2020. Forty-three patients received non-HID HSCT, while 17 patients received HID. The sources of stem cells (SC) were peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for all the patients. The conditioning regimen was based on busulfan and cyclophosphamide. For graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate in the setting of non-HID transplantation, where HIDs received post-transplant cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide. RESULTS The cumulative incidences of 3-year overall survival (OS) were 73.1%, 66.6%, and 69.5%, for matched sibling donor-matched related donor (MSD-MRD), matched unrelated donor-mismatched unrelated donor (MUD-MMUD), and HID groups, respectively (p = .85). The cumulative incidences of grade II-IV acute GvHD for the MRD, MUD-MMUD, and HID groups were 29%, 41%, and 49%, respectively (p = .47). Furthermore, the 3-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was MSD-MRD: 70% versus MUD-MMUD: 42% versus HID: 45% (p = .64). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse post transplantation was 45%, 18%, and 45%, respectively, for the MSD-MRD, MUD-MMUD, and HID groups, and the differences were not statistically significant (p = .55). There was a higher risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients receiving HID transplants compared to those of non-HIDs (p < .01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PBSC-HID transplant outcomes in the setting of non-TBI conditioning are comparable to those of non-HIDs in pediatric ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Mardani
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Behfar
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Children's Medical Center Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Mohseni
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Naji
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Salajegheh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Shaji A, Keechilat P, DK V, Sauvaget C. Analysis of the Mortality Trends of 23 Major Cancers in the Indian Population Between 2000 and 2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200405. [PMID: 36947728 PMCID: PMC10497286 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer mortality trends have not been documented across the population of India. We, therefore, analyzed the overall and individual cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancers between 2000 and 2019 on the basis of Global Health Observatory (GHO) database. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancer sites on the basis of 12.85 million cancer deaths obtained from the GHO of the WHO between 2000 and 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the long-term trends of cancer mortality. Annual percentage change (APC) and average APC were estimated for various cancer sites. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2019, 12.85 million deaths occurred in India from 23 major cancers. The most common lethal cancers were mouth and oropharyngeal (15.6%), stomach (10.6%), lung (9.6%), breast (9%), and colorectal (8%) cancers. The mortality trend decreased by 0.19% annually among men and increased nonsignificantly by 0.25% among women; an increase of 0.02% was observed among combined sexes. Increasing mortality trends were seen among cancers of the lung, breast, colorectum, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and mesothelioma between 2000 and 2019. The highest annual increase in mortality was observed in pancreatic cancer among both sexes: 2.7%, 2.1% among men, and 3.7% in women. The cancers of the stomach, esophagus, leukemia, larynx, and melanoma showed a declining cancer mortality trend irrespective of sex. CONCLUSION A multifaceted strategy is required to tackle the rising cancer mortality rates in India; the best long-term strategy could be implementing awareness on cancer symptoms among the population as well as cancer prevention policies with improved health infrastructure and specifically dedicated human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajil Shaji
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Pavithran Keechilat
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Vijaykumar DK
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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20
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El Marabti E, Abdel-Wahab O. Enhancing CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Through Memory-Enriched T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:694-696. [PMID: 36507801 PMCID: PMC9957814 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells directed against CD19 have transformed the therapy of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). A recent study reports promising activity and safety of CD19 CAR-T cells generated from naïve, stem, and central memory T cells in adults with R/R B-ALL. See related article by Aldoss et al., p. 742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettaib El Marabti
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Leukemia Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Renatino Canevarolo R, Pereira de Souza Melo C, Moreno Cury N, Luiz Artico L, Ronchi Corrêa J, Tonhasca Lau Y, Sousa Mariano S, Reddy Sudalagunta P, Regina Brandalise S, Carolina de Mattos Zeri A, Andrés Yunes J. Glutathione levels are associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032336. [PMID: 36531023 PMCID: PMC9751399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist and nucleotide synthesis inhibitor, is a cornerstone drug used against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its mechanism of action and resistance continues to be unraveled even after decades of clinical use. Methods To better understand the mechanisms of this drug, we accessed the intracellular metabolic content of 13 ALL cell lines treated with MTX by 1H-NMR, and correlated metabolome data with cell proliferation and gene expression. Further, we validated these findings by inhibiting the cellular antioxidant system of the cells in vitro and in vivo in the presence of MTX. Results MTX altered the concentration of 31 out of 70 metabolites analyzed, suggesting inhibition of the glycine cleavage system, the pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and bile acid uptake. We found that glutathione (GSH) levels were associated with MTX resistance in both treated and untreated cells, suggesting a new constitutive metabolic-based mechanism of resistance to the drug. Gene expression analyses showed that eight genes involved in GSH metabolism were correlated to GSH concentrations, 2 of which (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 [GGT1] and thioredoxin reductase 3 [TXNRD3]) were also correlated to MTX resistance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the association between GSH metabolism and MTX resistance. Pharmacological inhibition or stimulation of the main antioxidant systems of the cell, GSH and thioredoxin, confirmed their importance in MTX resistance. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a thioredoxin inhibitor used against acute promyelocytic leukemia, potentiated MTX cytotoxicity in vitro in some of the ALL cell lines tested. Likewise, the ATO+MTX combination decreased tumor burden and extended the survival of NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice transplanted with patient-derived ALL xenograft, but only in one of four ALLs tested. Conclusion Altogether, our results show that the cellular antioxidant defense systems contribute to leukemia resistance to MTX, and targeting these pathways, especially the thioredoxin antioxidant system, may be a promising strategy for resensitizing ALL to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanca Tonhasca Lau
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Ana Carolina de Mattos Zeri
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil,Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: José Andrés Yunes,
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22
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Tang B, Cai Z, Wang Z, Lin D, He X, Li Q, Liang X, Huang K, Zhou X, Lin R, Xu N, Fan Z, Huang F, Sun J, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhou H. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation overcome the poor prognosis of patients with IKZF1plus CD20-a very high-risk subtype in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:1751-1757. [PMID: 36056210 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deletions of IKZF1 (IKZF1del) and IKZF1del plus other mutations (IKZF1plus) have been identified in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with a poor prognosis. Herein, we investigated the combination of IKZF1del and CD20 immunotypes in adult patients with B-ALL in the PDT-ALL-2016 cohort. This study cohort consisted of 161 patients with B-ALL with detailed information on IKZF1del and CD20 expression. The independent cohort included 196 patients from the TARGET dataset. IKZF1del was detected in 36.0% of patients with 3-year event-free survival (EFS) of 37.1 ± 6.7% and overall survival (OS) of 51.5 ± 7.3%, compared to IKZF1 wild-type (IKZF1wt) with an EFS 55.3 ± 5.1% (P = 0.011) and OS 74.4 ± 4.5% (P = 0.013), respectively. CD20-positive (CD20+) was associated with inferior EFS compared to the CD20-negative (CD20-) group (P = 0.020). Furthermore, IKZF1del coupled with CD20+, IKZF1del/CD20+, comprised 12.4% of patients with a 3-year EFS of 25.0 ± 9.7%, compared with IKZF1wt/CD20- (P ≤ 0.001) and IKZF1del/CD20- (P = 0.047) groups. Multivariable analyses demonstrated the independence of IKZF1del/CD20+, with the highest predicted hazard ratio for EFS and OS. Furthermore, the prognostic panel of IKZF1del/CD20+ was confirmed in the TARGET cohort. Notably, neither the IKZF1del, CD20+, or IKZF1del/CD20+ groups were identified to have poor outcomes in the cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 81).Collectively, our data define IKZF1del/CD20+ as a very high-risk subtype in B-ALL, and allo-HSCT could abrogate the poor outcome of both IKZF1del and IKZF1del/CD20+ subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Tang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zihong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dainan Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangyu Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Fan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Chen CB, Chang HH, Chou SW, Yang YL, Lu MY, Jou ST, Chen HL, Ni YH, Lin DT, Chang MH, Wu JF. Acute pancreatitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia correlates with L-asparaginase dose intensity. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:459-465. [PMID: 34718353 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is an important therapeutic for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is a severe complication of L-Asp related to the dosage. We investigated the incidence of, and risk factors for, AAP in pediatric patients with ALL. METHODS From January 2002 to December 2018, pediatric patients with ALL treated at National Taiwan University Hospital were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AAP was based on the criteria of the Ponte di Legno Toxicity Working Group. RESULTS Of the 353 patients enrolled in this study, 14 (4.0%) developed AAP. The incidence of AAP in ALL patients was significantly higher after treatment with the 2013 protocol compared with the 2002 protocol of the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (9.5% vs. 1.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that a high peak L-Asp dose intensity (>45,000 U/m2/month) and older age at diagnosis (>6.8 years) were independently predictive of AAP development. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of acute pancreatitis in childhood ALL was correlated more strongly with the peak dose intensity than with the cumulative dose of L-Asp. These results could be used to reduce the treatment-related complications of ALL. IMPACT L-Asparaginase is an important therapeutic for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the accumulated dosage of L-asparaginase is considered as a major risk factor of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis. This article demonstrated that the incidence of pancreatitis correlates with the dose-intensity of L-asparaginase, but not the accumulated dosage. Identification of patient group with high risk of pancreatitis could lead to early diagnosis and reduce the complication. This finding could aid in developing further new protocol or therapeutic strategy design to reduce treatment-related complications and improve clinical outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiann-Tarng Jou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Tsamn Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwei Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwa University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Severgnini M, D’Angiò M, Bungaro S, Cazzaniga G, Cifola I, Fazio G. Conjoined Genes as Common Events in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143523. [PMID: 35884588 PMCID: PMC9315513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. In recent years, broad application of NGS technologies enabled the discovery of novel genomically defined ALL. In this study, as a proof-of-principle, we applied RNA-seq technology to comprehensively profile the transcriptional landscape of a collection of 10 childhood BCP-ALL cases, and performed a deep bioinformatics analysis including several publicly available datasets, in order to characterize their full spectrum of transcriptional events. The paired-end RNA sequencing of our BCP-ALL pediatric cohort revealed a total of 9001 raw fusion events, which, after filtering, resulted in 245 candidate fusions. Overall, 235 out of 245 events were intra-chromosomal fusions, among which 229 involved two contiguous or overlapping genes, also known as conjoined genes (CGs). Among them, we identified a subset of 14 CGs (6.1%) exclusively expressed in leukemic cases but neither in solid cancers nor in normal samples. These events could be suggestive of a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation in childhood leukemia and may represent novel potential leukemia-specific biomarkers. Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. For the last three decades, conventional cytogenetic and molecular approaches allowed the identification of genetic abnormalities having prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Although the current cure rate in pediatric B cell acute leukemia is approximately 90%, it remains one of the leading causes of mortality in childhood. Furthermore, in the contemporary protocols, chemotherapy intensity was raised to the maximal levels of tolerability, and further improvements in the outcome will depend on the characterization and reclassification of the disease, as well as on the development of new targeted drugs. The recent technological advances in genome-wide profiling techniques have allowed the exploration of the molecular heterogeneity of this disease, even though some potentially interesting biomarkers such as conjoined genes have not been deeply investigated yet. In the present study, we performed the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of 10 pediatric B cell precursor (BCP)-ALL cases with different risk (four standard- and six high-risk patients) enrolled in the Italian AIEOP-BFM ALL2000 protocol, in order to characterize the full spectrum of transcriptional events and to identify novel potential genetic mechanisms sustaining their different early response to therapy. Total RNA was extracted from primary leukemic blasts and RNA-seq was performed by Illumina technology. Bioinformatics analysis focused on fusion transcripts, originated from either inter- or intra-chromosomal structural rearrangements. Starting from a raw list of 9001 candidate events, by employing a custom-made bioinformatics pipeline, we obtained a short list of 245 candidate fusions. Among them, 10 events were compatible with chromosomal translocations. Strikingly, 235/245 events were intra-chromosomal fusions, 229 of which involved two contiguous or overlapping genes, resulting in the so-called conjoined genes (CGs). To explore the specificity of these events in leukemia, we performed an extensive bioinformatics meta-analysis and evaluated the presence of the fusions identified in our 10 BCP-ALL cohort in several other publicly available RNA-seq datasets, including leukemic, solid tumor and normal sample collections. Overall, 14/229 (6.1%) CGs were found to be exclusively expressed in leukemic cases, suggesting an association between CGs and leukemia. Moreover, CGs were found to be common events both in standard- and high-risk BCP-ALL patients and it might be suggestive of a novel potential transcriptional regulation mechanism active in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Severgnini
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20054 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Mariella D’Angiò
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bungaro
- Ospedale San Gerardo, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-039-233-3661
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20054 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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25
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Ehudin MA, Golla U, Trivedi D, Potlakayala SD, Rudrabhatla SV, Desai D, Dovat S, Claxton D, Sharma A. Therapeutic Benefits of Selenium in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147972. [PMID: 35887320 PMCID: PMC9323677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing chemotherapy and radiotherapy with selenium has been shown to have benefits against various cancers. This approach has also been shown to alleviate the side effects associated with standard cancer therapies and improve the quality of life in patients. In addition, selenium levels in patients have been correlated with various cancers and have served as a diagnostic marker to track the efficiency of treatments or to determine whether these selenium levels cause or are a result of the disease. This concise review presents a survey of the selenium-based literature, with a focus on hematological malignancies, to demonstrate the significant impact of selenium in different cancers. The anti-cancer mechanisms and signaling pathways regulated by selenium, which impart its efficacious properties, are discussed. An outlook into the relationship between selenium and cancer is highlighted to guide future cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Ehudin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Devnah Trivedi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Shobha D. Potlakayala
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Sairam V. Rudrabhatla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - David Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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May-Hau DI, Bárcenas-López DA, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Bekker-Méndez VC, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Jiménez-Hernández E, Ortíz-Maganda MP, Guerra-Castillo FX, Medina-Sanson A, Flores-Lujano J, Martín-Trejo JA, Peñaloza-González JG, Velázquez-Aviña MM, Torres-Nava JR, Hernández-Echáurregui GA, Espinosa-Elizondo RM, Gutiérrez-Rivera MDL, Sanchez-Hernandez R, Pérez-Saldívar ML, Flores-Villegas LV, Merino-Pasaye LE, Duarte-Rodríguez DA, Mata-Rocha M, Sepúlveda-Robles OA, Rosas-Vargas H, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Jiménez-Morales S. Underexpression of LINC00173 in TCF3/PBX1-Positive Cases Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Children With B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887766. [PMID: 35719952 PMCID: PMC9201104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment regimens, approximately 20% of the cases cannot be cured, highlighting the necessity for identifying new biomarkers to improve the current clinical and molecular risk stratification schemes. We aimed to investigate whether LINC00173 is a biomarker in ALL and to explore its expression level in other human cancer types. Methods A nested case-control study including Mexican children with BCP-ALL was conducted. LINC00173 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR using hydrolysis probes. To validate our findings, RNA-seq expression data from BCP-ALL and normal tissues were retrieved from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) repositories, respectively. LINC00173 expression was also evaluated in solid tumors by downloading available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results A lower expression of LINC00173 in BCP-ALL cases compared to normal subjects was observed (p < 0.05). ALL patients who carry the TCF3/PBX1 fusion gene displayed lower expression of LINC00173 in contrast to other BCP-ALL molecular subtypes (p < 0.04). LINC00173 underexpression was associated with a high risk to relapse (HR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.213-3.120) and die (HR = 2.073, 95% CI = 1.211-3.547). Patients with TCF3/PBX1 and underexpression of LINC00173 had the worst prognosis (DFS: HR = 12.24, 95% CI = 5.04-29.71; OS: HR = 11.19, 95% CI = 26-32). TCGA data analysis revealed that underexpression of LINC00173 is also associated with poor clinical outcomes in six new reported tumor types. Conclusion Our findings suggest that LINC00173 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in BCP-ALL and other types of cancer. We observed an association between the expression of LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX1 and the risk to relapse and die in BCP-ALL, which is worse in TCF3/PBX1-positive cases displaying underexpression of LINC00173. Experimental studies are needed to provide insight into the LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ismael May-Hau
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría en Investigación Clínica Experimental en Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, México City, Mexico
| | - Diego Alberto Bárcenas-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología "Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Elva Jiménez-Hernández
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital General "Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Patricia Ortíz-Maganda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología "Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Xavier Guerra-Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología "Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Medina-Sanson
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Flores-Lujano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfonso Martín-Trejo
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Refugio Torres-Nava
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Pediátrico de Moctezuma, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - María de Lourdes Gutiérrez-Rivera
- Servicio de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Hernandez
- Servicio de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Saldívar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Victoria Flores-Villegas
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Elizabeth Merino-Pasaye
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Minerva Mata-Rocha
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Alejandro Sepúlveda-Robles
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haydeé Rosas-Vargas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ramos-Muntada M, Trincado JL, Blanco J, Bueno C, Rodríguez-Cortez VC, Bataller A, López-Millán B, Schwab C, Ortega M, Velasco P, Blanco ML, Nomdedeu J, Ramírez-Orellana M, Minguela A, Fuster JL, Cuatrecasas E, Camós M, Ballerini P, Escherich G, Boer J, denBoer M, Hernández-Rivas JM, Calasanz MJ, Cazzaniga G, Harrison CJ, Menéndez P, Molina O. Clonal heterogeneity and rates of specific chromosome gains are risk predictors in childhood high-hyperdiploid B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2899-2919. [PMID: 35726693 PMCID: PMC9394234 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is the commonest childhood cancer. High hyperdiploidy (HHD) identifies the most frequent cytogenetic subgroup in childhood B‐ALL. Although hyperdiploidy represents an important prognostic factor in childhood B‐ALL, the specific chromosome gains with prognostic value in HHD‐B‐ALL remain controversial, and the current knowledge about the hierarchy of chromosome gains, clonal heterogeneity and chromosomal instability in HHD‐B‐ALL remains very limited. We applied automated sequential‐iFISH coupled with single‐cell computational modeling to identify the specific chromosomal gains of the eight typically gained chromosomes in a large cohort of 72 primary diagnostic (DX, n = 62) and matched relapse (REL, n = 10) samples from HHD‐B‐ALL patients with either favorable or unfavorable clinical outcome in order to characterize the clonal heterogeneity, specific chromosome gains and clonal evolution. Our data show a high degree of clonal heterogeneity and a hierarchical order of chromosome gains in DX samples of HHD‐B‐ALL. The rates of specific chromosome gains and clonal heterogeneity found in DX samples differ between HHD‐B‐ALL patients with favorable or unfavorable clinical outcome. In fact, our comprehensive analyses at DX using a computationally defined risk predictor revealed low levels of trisomies +18+10 and low levels of clonal heterogeneity as robust relapse risk factors in minimal residual disease (MRD)‐negative childhood HHD‐B‐ALL patients: relapse‐free survival beyond 5 years: 22.1% versus 87.9%, P < 0.0001 and 33.3% versus 80%, P < 0.0001, respectively. Moreover, longitudinal analysis of matched DX‐REL HHD‐B‐ALL samples revealed distinct patterns of clonal evolution at relapse. Our study offers a reliable prognostic sub‐stratification of pediatric MRD‐negative HHD‐B‐ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Ramos-Muntada
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan L Trincado
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia C Rodríguez-Cortez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Bataller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona
| | - Belén López-Millán
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Schwab
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margarita Ortega
- Hematology Service, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L Blanco
- Hematology Laboratory. Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Nomdedeu
- Hematology Laboratory. Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose L Fuster
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther Cuatrecasas
- Hematology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Camós
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Leukemia and other pediatric hemopathies. Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Ballerini
- AP-HP, Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital A. Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique denBoer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Rivas
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamaca, Spain
| | | | | | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Molina
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Barbosa JM, Diniz Araujo ML, Lins MM, Pedrosa F, Figueiroa JN, de Noronha GA, da Silva PC, Cabral PC. Excess Weight among Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Treated at a Center in Northeast Brazil. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3292-3301. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2074471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Maciel Barbosa
- Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Mecneide Mendes Lins
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Pedrosa
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - José Natal Figueiroa
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Poliana Coelho Cabral
- Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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29
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Koszałka P, Stasiłojć G, Miękus-Purwin N, Niedźwiecki M, Purwin M, Grabowski S, Bączek T. The Cooperative Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals on Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line MOLT-4 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094753. [PMID: 35563141 PMCID: PMC9099961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy affecting pediatric patients. ALL treatment regimens with cytostatics manifest substantial toxicity and have reached the maximum of well-tolerated doses. One potential approach for improving treatment efficiency could be supplementation of the current regimen with naturally occurring phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. Nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein have been studied in anti-cancer therapy, but their application is limited by their low bioavailability. However, their cooperative activity could potentially increase their efficiency at low, bioavailable doses. We studied their cooperative effect on the viability of a human ALL MOLT-4 cell line in vitro at the concentration considered to be in the bioavailable range in vivo. To analyze their potential side effect on the viability of non-tumor cells, we evaluated their toxicity on a normal human foreskin fibroblast cell line (BJ). In both cell lines, we also measured specific indicators of cell death, changes in cell membrane permeability (CMP), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Even at a low bioavailable concentration, genistein and curcumin decreased MOLT-4 viability, and their combination had a significant interactive effect. While resveratrol and quercetin did not affect MOLT-4 viability, together they enhanced the effect of the genistein/curcumin mix, significantly inhibiting MOLT-4 population growth in vitro. Moreover, the analyzed phytochemicals and their combinations did not affect the BJ cell line. In both cell lines, they induced a decrease in MMP and correlating CMP changes, but in non-tumor cells, both metabolic activity and cell membrane continuity were restored in time. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate that the interactive activity of analyzed phytochemicals can induce an anti-cancer effect on ALL cells without a significant effect on non-tumor cells. It implies that the application of the combinations of phytochemicals an anti-cancer treatment supplement could be worth further investigation regardless of their low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszałka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Natalia Miękus-Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Niedźwiecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Szymon Grabowski
- GetResponse Cares Foundation, Arkońska Street 6/A3, 80-387 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Grazioli P, Orlando A, Giordano N, Noce C, Peruzzi G, Abdollahzadeh B, Screpanti I, Campese AF. Notch-Signaling Deregulation Induces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809261. [PMID: 35444651 PMCID: PMC9013886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors deeply influence T-cell development and differentiation, and their dysregulation represents a frequent causative event in "T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia" (T-ALL). "Myeloid-derived suppressor cells" (MDSCs) inhibit host immune responses in the tumor environment, favoring cancer progression, as reported in solid and hematologic tumors, with the notable exception of T-ALL. Here, we prove that Notch-signaling deregulation in immature T cells promotes CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs in the Notch3-transgenic murine model of T-ALL. Indeed, aberrant T cells from these mice can induce MDSCs in vitro, as well as in immunodeficient hosts. Conversely, anti-Gr1-mediated depletion of MDSCs in T-ALL-bearing mice reduces proliferation and expansion of malignant T cells. Interestingly, the coculture with Notch-dependent T-ALL cell lines, sustains the induction of human CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg MDSCs from healthy-donor PBMCs that are impaired upon exposure to gamma-secretase inhibitors. Notch-independent T-ALL cells do not induce MDSCs, suggesting that Notch-signaling activation is crucial for this process. Finally, in both murine and human models, IL-6 mediates MDSC induction, which is significantly reversed by treatment with neutralizing antibodies. Overall, our results unveil a novel role of Notch-deregulated T cells in modifying the T-ALL environment and represent a strong premise for the clinical assessment of MDSCs in T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Grazioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Orlando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Nike Giordano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Noce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
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31
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Lee Y, Jang EJ, Yoon HY, Yee J, Gwak HS. Effect of ITPA Polymorphism on Adverse Drug Reactions of 6-Mercaptopurine in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040416. [PMID: 35455413 PMCID: PMC9027773 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a cornerstone of the maintenance regimen for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) is considered a candidate pharmacogenetic marker that may affect metabolism and 6-MP-induced toxicities; however, the findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the effect of ITPA 94C>A polymorphism on 6-MP-induced hematological toxicity and hepatotoxicity through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search for qualifying studies was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases until October 2021. Overall, 10 eligible studies with 1072 pediatric ALL patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that ITPA 94C>A was significantly associated with 6-MP-induced neutropenia (OR 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56−3.62; p = 0.005) and hepatotoxicity (OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.32−2.95; p = 0.0009); however, no significant association was found between the ITPA 94C>A variant and 6-MP-induced leukopenia (OR 1.75, 95% CI: 0.74−4.12; p = 0.20). This meta-analysis demonstrated that ITPA 94C>A polymorphism could affect 6-MP-induced toxicities. Our findings suggested that ITPA genotyping might help predict 6-MP-induced myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.L.); (E.J.J.); (H.-Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.L.); (E.J.J.); (H.-Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ha-Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.L.); (E.J.J.); (H.-Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.L.); (E.J.J.); (H.-Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hye-Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.L.); (E.J.J.); (H.-Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4376; Fax: +82-2-3277-3051
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32
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Liu C, Chen Q, Shang Y, Chen L, Myers J, Awadallah A, Sun J, Yu S, Umphred-Wilson K, Che D, Dou Y, Li L, Wearsch P, Ramírez-Bergeron D, Beck R, Xin W, Jin G, Adoro S, Zhou L. Endothelial PERK-ATF4-JAG1 axis activated by T-ALL remodels bone marrow vascular niche. Theranostics 2022; 12:2894-2907. [PMID: 35401837 PMCID: PMC8965499 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive signaling in ER homeostasis and has emerged as critical in highly proliferating cells and potential treatment target for acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Methods: in this study, we assessed the transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations in UPR response of the bone marrow endothelial cells (ECs) in mice engrafted with T-ALL and in bone marrow specimens from patients who have T-ALL. We used PERK inhibitor and generated endothelial specific PERK knockout mice to study the impact of PERK on leukemia progression and hematopoiesis. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to study the mechanistic regulation of JAG1 by ATF4. We characterized small extracellular vesicles (SEV) from leukemia-developing mice and studied the effect of SEVs on EC function. Results: we found that T-ALL development induced a robust activation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dominant UPR in the bone marrow endothelial vascular niche. The activation of PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 axis remodels the vascular niche, upregulates angiogenic factors including VEGFα and ATF4-regulated JAG1, and suppresses the expression of SCF and CXCL12, which are important to HSC maintenance and regeneration. Further, targeting endothelial PERK significantly improved T-ALL outcome. EC-specific deletion of PERK abolished the aberrant JAG1 up-regulation, improved HSC maintenance, promoted leukemia apoptosis, and improved overall survival. Finally, we showed that small extracellular vesicles are critical mediators of endothelial PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 activation and JAG1 up-regulation in leukemia. Corroborating animal model studies, activation of PERK-ATF4-JAG1 is prominent in human T-ALL bone marrow and T-ALL xenografts. Conclusion: our studies thus revealed for the first time that the leukemia-initiated PERK-ATF4-JAG1 axis plays a critical role in the remodeling of the bone marrow vascular niche and that targeting vascular niche UPR is a potential therapeutic opportunity in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jinger Sun
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Danian Che
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yingtong Dou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luoyi Li
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Pamela Wearsch
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Rose Beck
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stanley Adoro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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33
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Zheng YZ, Zheng H, Chen ZS, Hua XL, Le SH, Li J, Hu JD. [Mutational spectrum and its prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on next-generation sequencing technology]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:19-25. [PMID: 35231988 PMCID: PMC8980667 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzed the correlation between genetic mutation and prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) . Methods: Targeted exome by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to carry out molecular profiling of untreated 141 children with ALL in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from November 2016 to December 2019. Correlation of genetic features and clinical features and outcomes was analyzed. Results: Among the 141 pediatric patients with ALL, 160 somatic mutations were detected in 83 patients (58.9% ) , including 37 grade Ⅰ mutations and 123 grade Ⅱ mutations. Single nucleotide variation was the most common type of mutation. KRAS was the most common mutant gene (12.5% ) , followed by NOTCH1 (11.9% ) , and NRAS (10.6% ) . RAS pathway (KRAS, FLT3, PTPN11) , PAX5 and TP53 mutations were only detected, and NRAS mutations was mainly found in B-ALL while FBXW7 and PTEN mutations were only found, and NOTCH1 mutation was mainly detected in T-ALL. The average number of mutations detected in each child with T-ALL was significantly higher than in children with B-ALL (4.16±1.33 vs 2.04±0.92, P=0.004) . The children were divided into mutation and non-mutation groups according to the presence or absence of genetic variation. There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, newly diagnosed white blood cell count, minimal or measurable residual disease monitoring results, expected 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two groups (P>0.05) . On the other hand, the proportion of T-ALL and fusion gene negative children in the mutant group was significantly higher than the non-mutation group (P=0.021 and 0.000, respectively) . Among the patients without fusion gene, the EFS of children with grade I mutation was significantly lower than children without grade I mutation (85.5% vs 100.0% , P=0.039) . Among children with B-ALL, the EFS of those with TP53 mutation was significantly lower than those without TP53 mutation (37.5% vs 91.2% , P<0.001) . Conclusion: Genetic variation is more common in childhood ALL and has a certain correlation with clinical phenotype and prognosis. Therefore, targeted exome by NGS can be used as an important supplement to the traditional morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - H Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Z S Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X L Hua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - S H Le
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J D Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Micallef B, Nisticò R, Sarac SB, Bjerrum OW, Butler D, Sammut Bartolo N, Serracino-Inglott A, Borg JJ. The changing landscape of treatment options in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1483-1494. [PMID: 35007767 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatments have been developed and innovative products are in the pipeline. However, despite many active clinical trials, bridging bench science to clinical development to authorised medicines remains challenging. Research in first-line treatment continues to focus on multidrug chemotherapy with the potential addition of new targeted molecules being studied. Research in second- and third-line treatment represents a shift from cytotoxic intensification to an area of precision medicine through emergent innovative and immuno-oncology products. The collaborative research model in ALL involving different stakeholders should intensify to facilitate bench-to-bedside clinical translation for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Micallef
- Malta Medicines Authority, Sir Temi Żammit Buildings, Malta Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann SĠN 3000, Malta
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ole W Bjerrum
- Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dianne Butler
- Malta Medicines Authority, Sir Temi Żammit Buildings, Malta Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann SĠN 3000, Malta
| | | | - Anthony Serracino-Inglott
- Malta Medicines Authority, Sir Temi Żammit Buildings, Malta Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann SĠN 3000, Malta; Department of Pharmacy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - John Joseph Borg
- Malta Medicines Authority, Sir Temi Żammit Buildings, Malta Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann SĠN 3000, Malta; School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Murphy L, Maloney K, Gore L, Blanchette E. Hypertension in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients: Prevalence, Impact, and Management Strategies. Integr Blood Press Control 2022; 15:1-10. [PMID: 35082528 PMCID: PMC8784271 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s242244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children under the age of 18. While modern diagnostic technologies, risk-stratification, and therapy intensification have led to outstanding outcomes for many children with ALL, the side effects and consequences of therapy are not to be underestimated. Hypertension is a well-known acute and chronic side effect of treatment for childhood ALL, although limited data are available regarding the prevalence of hypertension in children undergoing treatment for ALL. In this review of hypertension in pediatric ALL patients, we examine the existing data on incidence and prevalence during treatment and in pediatric ALL survivors. We describe independent risk factors for development of hypertension along with treatment-related causes. Long-term consequences and the risk to survivors of pediatric ALL are further defined. While many ALL patients require antihypertensive medications during some portion of their treatment, there are no clear guidelines on treating inpatient hypertension given challenges that exist in recognizing and managing hypertension in this setting and in this population. Here, we propose an algorithmic approach to diagnose and treat pediatric ALL patients with HTN, along with monitoring and continuation versus cessation of antihypertensive therapy as an outpatient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant-Cellular Therapeutics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly Maloney
- Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant-Cellular Therapeutics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lia Gore
- Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant-Cellular Therapeutics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Correspondence: Lia Gore Tel +17207776458Fax +17207777339 Email
| | - Eliza Blanchette
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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36
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Arhakis A, Kotsanos N. The Young Dental Patient with Systemic Disease. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Podpeskar A, Crazzolara R, Kropshofer G, Obexer P, Rabensteiner E, Michel M, Salvador C. Supportive methods for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia then and now: A compilation for clinical practice. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:980234. [PMID: 36172391 PMCID: PMC9510731 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.980234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia has significantly improved over the past decades. In the early years of chemotherapeutic development, improvement in survival rates could be attained only by increasing the cytostatic dose, also by modulation of the frequency and combination of chemotherapeutic agents associated with severe short- and long-time side-effects and toxicity in a developing child's organism. Years later, new treatment options have yielded promising results through targeted immune and molecular drugs, especially in relapsed and refractory leukemia, and are continuously added to conventional therapy or even replace first-line treatment. Compared to conventional strategies, these new therapies have different side-effects, requiring special supportive measures. Supportive treatment includes the prevention of serious acute and sometimes life-threatening events as well as managing therapy-related long-term side-effects and preemptive treatment of complications and is thus mandatory for successful oncological therapy. Inadequate supportive therapy is still one of the main causes of treatment failure, mortality, poor quality of life, and unsatisfactory long-term outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. But nowadays it is a challenge to find a way through the flood of supportive recommendations and guidelines that are available in the literature. Furthermore, the development of new therapies for childhood leukemia has changed the range of supportive methods and must be observed in addition to conventional recommendations. This review aims to provide a clear and recent compilation of the most important supportive methods in the field of childhood leukemia, based on conventional regimes as well as the most promising new therapeutic approaches to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Podpeskar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Crazzolara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Kropshofer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rabensteiner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Salvador
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Xu H, Yu H, Jin R, Wu X, Chen H. Genetic and Epigenetic Targeting Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123349. [PMID: 34943855 PMCID: PMC8699354 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy in children and is characterized by numerous genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylations and histone modifications, result in the heritable silencing of genes without a change in their coding sequence. Emerging studies are increasing our understanding of the epigenetic role of leukemogenesis and have demonstrated the potential of DNA methylations and histone modifications as a biomarker for lineage and subtypes classification, predicting relapse, and disease progression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetic abnormalities are relatively reversible when treated with some small molecule-based agents compared to genetic alterations. In this review, we conclude the genetic and epigenetic characteristics in ALL and discuss the future role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in predicting relapse, finally focus on the individual and precision therapy targeting epigenetic alterations.
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Sachdev M, Chakraborty S, Bansal M, Bhargava R, Dua V. Encouraging Outcomes of Alternate Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Pediatric High-risk/Relapsed Leukemias: A Single Center Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e1148-e1152. [PMID: 34133381 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of high-risk and relapsed pediatric acute leukemias continue to be suboptimal. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative modality. However, <30% of patients have matched sibling donors available. Hence, alternate donors (matched unrelated and haploidentical) are being used to improve outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed our data of all children with high-risk/relapsed acute leukemias who underwent alternate donor HSCT at our center from April 2015 to July 2020. A total of 15 patients were included-3 underwent matched unrelated and 12 underwent haploidentical HSCT. Before HSCT, all patients were in complete remission (CR): CR1-1, CR2-11, and CR3-3. All patients engrafted except one. Median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 15 and 16 days, respectively. There were 3 transplant related mortalities. One patient was lost to follow-up. Remaining 11 patients remain in remission and are alive. The cumulative incidence of acute graft versus host disease was 57.1% and of chronic graft versus host disease was 21.4%. Overall survival was 80% and the event-free survival was 73.3%. The median follow-up of alive patients was 775 days (range: 333 to 2077 d). Our experience shows encouraging outcomes using alternate donor HSCT for these patients from developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sachdev
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Abdelhafeez HEDA, Hamid FFA, Hassan NM, Assem MM, Soliman AF. Relative expression and prognostic significance of forkhead box P3 in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29129. [PMID: 34133057 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the favorable survival rates of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a significant number of patients present a dismal prognosis. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a marker of regulatory T cells, functions as a transcription factor involved in immune cell regulation, and its expression correlates with prognosis in many malignancies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relative gene expression level of FOXP3 in childhood B-ALL and to detect its prognostic utility. METHODS The study included 139 bone marrow samples obtained from 112 patients at diagnosis and 27 healthy children. Following extraction, RNA was reverse transcribed and the relative expression level of FOXP3 was quantified by quantitative PCR. Cytogenetics, immunophenotype, and minimal residual disease were analyzed according to international guidelines. RESULTS A highly significant overexpression of FOXP3 was detected in childhood B-ALL patients at diagnosis, which was associated with a stronger risk for disease relapse and patients' worse survival. Moreover, multivariate regression models highlighted the independent prognostic value of FOXP3 for childhood B-ALL. Finally, the combination of FOXP3 relative expression with clinically used disease markers clearly enhanced the prediction of treatment stratification. CONCLUSIONS High FOXP3 relative expression was associated with inferior outcome suggesting its potentiality as a molecular prognostic marker to predict childhood B-ALL patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma F Abdel Hamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda M Assem
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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41
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Angione SDA, Akalu AY, Gartrell J, Fletcher EP, Burckart GJ, Reaman GH, Leong R, Stewart CF. Fusion Oncoproteins in Childhood Cancers: Potential Role in Targeted Therapy. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:541-555. [PMID: 34421403 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children. Historically, in contrast to their adult counterparts, the causes of pediatric malignancies have remained largely unknown, with most pediatric cancers displaying low mutational burdens. Research related to molecular genetics in pediatric cancers is advancing our understanding of potential drivers of tumorigenesis and opening new opportunities for targeted therapies. One such area is fusion oncoproteins, which are a product of chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of different genes. They have been identified as oncogenic drivers in several sarcomas and leukemias. Continued advancement in the understanding of the biology of fusion oncoproteins will contribute to the discovery and development of new therapies for childhood cancers. Here we review the current scientific knowledge on fusion oncoproteins, focusing on pediatric sarcomas and hematologic cancers, and highlight the challenges and current efforts in developing drugs to target fusion oncoproteins.
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42
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Sayyab S, Lundmark A, Larsson M, Ringnér M, Nystedt S, Marincevic-Zuniga Y, Tamm KP, Abrahamsson J, Fogelstrand L, Heyman M, Norén-Nyström U, Lönnerholm G, Harila-Saari A, Berglund EC, Nordlund J, Syvänen AC. Mutational patterns and clonal evolution from diagnosis to relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15988. [PMID: 34362951 PMCID: PMC8346595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving clonal heterogeneity and evolution in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are not fully understood. We performed whole genome sequencing of samples collected at diagnosis, relapse(s) and remission from 29 Nordic patients. Somatic point mutations and large-scale structural variants were called using individually matched remission samples as controls, and allelic expression of the mutations was assessed in ALL cells using RNA-sequencing. We observed an increased burden of somatic mutations at relapse, compared to diagnosis, and at second relapse compared to first relapse. In addition to 29 known ALL driver genes, of which nine genes carried recurrent protein-coding mutations in our sample set, we identified putative non-protein coding mutations in regulatory regions of seven additional genes that have not previously been described in ALL. Cluster analysis of hundreds of somatic mutations per sample revealed three distinct evolutionary trajectories during ALL progression from diagnosis to relapse. The evolutionary trajectories provide insight into the mutational mechanisms leading relapse in ALL and could offer biomarkers for improved risk prediction in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Sayyab
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Lundmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Larsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Ringnér
- Department of Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Nystedt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yanara Marincevic-Zuniga
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,For the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,For the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Heyman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,For the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Norén-Nyström
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.,For the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudmar Lönnerholm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arja Harila-Saari
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,For the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva C Berglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, 75144, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zahran AM, Riad KF, Elsayh KI, Elmasry HM, Rayan A. Role of pretreatment inflammatory indicators in pediatric acute leukemias; where do we stand? A prospective cohort study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:553-564. [PMID: 32986662 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a limited data at the moment regarding the clinical value of inflammatory indices and malnutrition markers in children with acute leukemias. We have examined the usefulness of prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), Prognostic Index (PI), monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte (PLR) ratios to stratify patients as regards the response to induction therapy correlating them to different prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children with acute leukemia and without microbial-induced inflammation at the time of diagnosis were prospectively recruited. Preliminary total and differential CBC, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (ALB) were used to calculate different inflammatory indicators including NLR, MLR, PLR, PNI, GPS, and PI. RESULTS Higher PNI was significantly more associated to children who achieved remission as compared to those without remission (p< 0.0001). Patients without remission had GPS 1 or 2 compared to GPS 0 or 1 in those who entered remission (p= 0.001). NLR was significantly lower in patients in remission than in those without remission (p= 0.005). Similarly, complete remission was significantly associated to MLR ⩽ 0.45 as compared to MLR > 0.45 (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pretreatment PNI, GPS, CRP, serum albumin, NLR, MLR, and PLR are remission promising prognostic markers in pediatric acute leukemias, which deserve to be further investigated in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid F Riad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elmasry
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Huang W, Chen TQ, Fang K, Zeng ZC, Ye H, Chen YQ. N6-methyladenosine methyltransferases: functions, regulation, and clinical potential. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:117. [PMID: 34315512 PMCID: PMC8313886 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as an abundant modification throughout the transcriptome with widespread functions in protein-coding and noncoding RNAs. It affects the fates of modified RNAs, including their stability, splicing, and/or translation, and thus plays important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. To date, m6A methyltransferases have been reported to execute m6A deposition on distinct RNAs by their own or forming different complexes with additional partner proteins. In this review, we summarize the function of these m6A methyltransferases or complexes in regulating the key genes and pathways of cancer biology. We also highlight the progress in the use of m6A methyltransferases in mediating therapy resistance, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, we discuss the current approaches and clinical potential of m6A methyltransferase-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Cheng Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Wee Y, Liu Y, Zhao M. Identification of consistent post-translational regulatory triplets related to oncogenic and tumour suppressive modulators in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11803. [PMID: 34316412 PMCID: PMC8286060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer. It can be caused by mutations that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumour suppressor genes. For instance, changes in certain genes including Rb and p53 are common in ALL cells. Oncogenes and TSGs may serve as a modulator gene to regulate the gene expression level via their respective target genes. To investigate the regulatory relationship between oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and transcription factors at the post translational level in childhood ALL, we performed an integrative network analysis on the gene regulation in the post-translational level for childhood ALL based on many publicly available cancer gene expression data including TARGET and GEO database. Methods We collected 259 childhood ALL-related genes from the latest online leukemia database, Leukemia Gene Literature Database. These 259 genes were selected from a comprehensive systematic literature with experimental evidences. The identified and curated genes were also associated with patient survival cases and we incorporated this pediatric ALL-related gene list into our analysis. We extracted the known human TFs from the TRRUST database. Among 259 childhood ALL-related genes, 101 unique regulators were mapped to the list of oncogene and tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) from the ONGene and the TSGene databases, and these included 74 TSGs, 62 oncogenes and 46 TF genes. Results The resulted regulation was presented as a hierarchical regulatory network with transcription factors (TFs) as intermediate regulators connecting the top modulators (oncogene and TSGs) to the common target genes. Cross-validation was applied to the results from the TARGET dataset by identifying the consistent regulatory motifs based on three independent ALL expression datasets. A three-layer regulatory network of consistent positive modulators in childhood ALL was constructed in which 74 modulators (40 oncogenes, 34 TSGs) are considered as the most important regulators. The middle layer and the bottom layer contain 34 TFs and 176 target genes, respectively. Oncogenes mostly participated in positive regulation of gene expression and the transcription process of RNA II polymerase, while TSGs were mainly involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. In addition, the oncogene-specific targets were enriched with regulators of the MAPK cascade while tumour suppressor-specific targets were associated with cell death. Conclusion The results revealed that oncogenes and TSGs possess a different functional regulatory pattern with regard to not only their biological functions but also their specific target genes in childhood ALL cancer progression. Taken together, our findings could contribute to a better understanding of the important regulatory mechanisms and this method could be used to analyse the targeted genes at the post-translational level in childhood ALL through integrative network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongKiat Wee
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yining Liu
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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Tejedor JR, Bueno C, Vinyoles M, Petazzi P, Agraz-Doblas A, Cobo I, Torres-Ruiz R, Bayón GF, Pérez RF, López-Tamargo S, Gutierrez-Agüera F, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Ramírez-Orellana M, Bardini M, Cazzaniga G, Ballerini P, Schneider P, Stam RW, Varela I, Fraga MF, Fernández AF, Menéndez P. Integrative methylome-transcriptome analysis unravels cancer cell vulnerabilities in infant MLL-rearranged B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138833. [PMID: 33983906 DOI: 10.1172/jci138833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. As predicted by its prenatal origin, infant B-ALL (iB-ALL) shows an exceptionally silent DNA mutational landscape, suggesting that alternative epigenetic mechanisms may substantially contribute to its leukemogenesis. Here, we have integrated genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome data from 69 patients with de novo MLL-rearranged leukemia (MLLr) and non-MLLr iB-ALL leukemia uniformly treated according to the Interfant-99/06 protocol. iB-ALL methylome signatures display a plethora of common and specific alterations associated with chromatin states related to enhancer and transcriptional control in normal hematopoietic cells. DNA methylation, gene expression, and gene coexpression network analyses segregated MLLr away from non-MLLr iB-ALL and identified a coordinated and enriched expression of the AP-1 complex members FOS and JUN and RUNX factors in MLLr iB-ALL, consistent with the significant enrichment of hypomethylated CpGs in these genes. Integrative methylome-transcriptome analysis identified consistent cancer cell vulnerabilities, revealed a robust iB-ALL-specific gene expression-correlating dmCpG signature, and confirmed an epigenetic control of AP-1 and RUNX members in reshaping the molecular network of MLLr iB-ALL. Finally, pharmacological inhibition or functional ablation of AP-1 dramatically impaired MLLr-leukemic growth in vitro and in vivo using MLLr-iB-ALL patient-derived xenografts, providing rationale for new therapeutic avenues in MLLr-iB-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain.,Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) and.,RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) and
| | - Paolo Petazzi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) and
| | - Antonio Agraz-Doblas
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel Cobo
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain.,Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara López-Tamargo
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutierrez-Agüera
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Hematology Diagnostic Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Bardini
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Ballerini
- Pediatric Hematology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Schneider
- Princess Maxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald W Stam
- Princess Maxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain.,Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Asturias, Spain.,Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) and.,RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Wang SC, Hsu MH, Hsiao CC, Chang KA, Huang LT. Methotrexate Neurotoxicity Is Related to Epigenetic Modification of the Myelination Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6718. [PMID: 34201550 PMCID: PMC8267729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of the survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, some children ALL survivors reveal inferior intellectual and cognition outcome. Methotrexate (MTX), while serving as an essential component in ALL treatment, has been reported to be related to various neurologic sequelae. Using combined intrathecal (IT) and intraperitoneal (IP) MTX model, we had demonstrated impaired spatial memory function in developing rats, which can be rescued by melatonin treatment. To elucidate the impact of MTX treatment on the epigenetic modifications of the myelination process, we examined the change of neurotrophin and myelination-related transcriptomes in the present study and found combined IT and IP MTX treatment resulted in altered epigenetic modification on the myelination process, mainly in the hippocampus. Further, melatonin can restore the MTX effect through alterations of the epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
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Haslund-Krog SS, Jorgensen IM, Henriksen TB, Dalhoff K, Debes NM, van den Anker J, Holst H. Challenges in conducting paediatric trials with off-patent drugs. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 23:100783. [PMID: 34258467 PMCID: PMC8253945 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For more than two decades several initiatives have emerged to increase recruitment of paediatric patients in drug trials. While trials of newly approved drugs have successfully included paediatric patients in their drug development plan, the collection of safety and efficacy data in paediatric patients treated with off-patent drugs poses a major challenge. Aim This paper aims to draw attention to problems and solutions across countries in investigator-initiated trials with off-patent drugs and recommendations for improvement. Discussion Off-patent drugs represent a particular challenge when they are included in a paediatric trial; these trials are frequently investigator-initiated and have limited resources, off-patent drugs are used in clinical settings and the trial protocol must accommodate e.g. flexible dosing and specimen sampling schedules, off-patent drugs typically exist in few formulations and concentrations which necessitates special or imported formulations. Paediatric trials are in some countries confined by e.g. consent from both parents, regardless of whether the Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) is a well-known drug or a new experimental drug. Conclusion Facilitation of research in off-patent drugs can improve evidence-based and safe treatment for the paediatric population. The following supportive initiatives are recommended: Harmonised regulatory change that improves the consent process in low risk trials to prevent inadequate recruitment. Pharmaceutical expertise should be prioritized to secure the best choice of IMP and supply. Constant focus on flexibility in design to accommodate a multifaceted paediatric population and ensure that trial protocols fit in well with routine clinical care and family life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Haslund-Krog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - I M Jorgensen
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T B Henriksen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul- Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - K Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - N M Debes
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 25C, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J van den Anker
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Division of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Holst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
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49
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Bonilha TA, Obadia DDA, Valveson AC, Land MGP. Outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in a single center in Brazil: A survival analysis study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1452. [PMID: 34114751 PMCID: PMC8789616 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasm in childhood. The probability of current overall survival (OS) is around 90% in developed countries. There are few studies that demonstrate the results in Brazil. Aim This work aims to analyze the results of children with ALL treated at a single institution in Rio de Janeiro. Methods and results Retrospective analysis survival study of a cohort of childhood ALL patients treated in Hemorio. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank methods were used for the analysis of OS and events‐free survival (EFS) and the Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. The probability of OS and EFS at 6 years was 52% and 45%. The probability of OS and EFS in 6 years for patients aged 10‐17 years was 31% and 28% and for the younger was 65% and 55%, respectively (p < .001). A probability of OS and EFS in 6 years for patients with more than 100 000 leukocytes/mm3 at diagnosis was 19% and 16% and those with less than 100 000 were 62% (p = .007) and 55% (p = .008). Those who received less than 10 doses of native Escherichia coli asparaginase had a probability of OS and EFS in 6 years of 27% and 21% and those who received at least 10 doses were 74% and 65% (p < .001). Conclusions The presence of a high number of adolescents and high‐risk patients, as well as many patients who discontinued the use of asparaginase or any substitute led to a lower probability of OS and EFS in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Bonilha
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti - Hemorio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, College of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle D A Obadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti - Hemorio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Valveson
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti - Hemorio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G P Land
- Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, College of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Huang X, Huang L, Xie Q, Zhang L, Huang S, Hong M, Li J, Huang Z, Zhang H. LncRNAs serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of childhood ALL. Biomark Res 2021; 9:45. [PMID: 34112247 PMCID: PMC8193891 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although some studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in hematopoietic malignancies and may regulate the progression of leukemia, the detailed mechanism underlying tumorigenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate lncRNAs that are differentially expressed in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their potential roles in the progression of childhood ALL. Methods Microarrays were used to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Several aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Leukemia-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test. The co-expression correlations of lncRNAs and mRNAs were determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results We revealed that many lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in B-ALL and T-ALL. LncRNA/mRNA co-expression and the gene locus network showed that dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in diverse cellular processes. We also assessed the diagnostic value of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and confirmed the optimal combination of TCONS_00026679, uc002ubt.1, ENST00000411904, and ENST00000547644 with an area under the curve of 0.9686 [95 % CI: 0.9369–1.000, P < 0.001], with 90.7 % sensitivity and 92.19 % specificity, at a cut-off point of -0.5700 to distinguish childhood B-ALL patients from T-ALL patients, implying that these specific lncRNAs may have potential to detect subsets of childhood ALL. Notably, we found that the 8-year leukemia-free survival of patients with high TCONS_00026679 (p = 0.0081), ENST00000522339 (p = 0.0484), ENST00000499583 (p = 0.0381), ENST00000457217 (p = 0.0464), and ENST00000451368 (p = 0.0298) expression levels was significantly higher than that of patients with low expression levels of these lncRNAs, while patients with high uc002ubt.1 (p = 0.0499) and ENST00000547644 (p = 0.0451) expression levels exhibited markedly shorter 8-year leukemia-free survival. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to play different roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis in T-ALL and B-ALL. Conclusions Dysregulated lncRNAs involved in different regulatory mechanisms underlying the progression of childhood T-ALL and B-ALL might serve as novel biomarkers to distinguish ALL subsets and indicate poor outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-021-00303-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmei Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Health Science Center, The University of Texas, 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Mingye Hong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiangbin Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China.
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