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Shireman JM, Cheng L, Goel A, Garcia DM, Partha S, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Kendziorski C, Dey M. Spatial transcriptomics in glioblastoma: is knowing the right zip code the key to the next therapeutic breakthrough? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1266397. [PMID: 37916170 PMCID: PMC10618006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1266397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics, the technology of visualizing cellular gene expression landscape in a cells native tissue location, has emerged as a powerful tool that allows us to address scientific questions that were elusive just a few years ago. This technological advance is a decisive jump in the technological evolution that is revolutionizing studies of tissue structure and function in health and disease through the introduction of an entirely new dimension of data, spatial context. Perhaps the organ within the body that relies most on spatial organization is the brain. The central nervous system's complex microenvironmental and spatial architecture is tightly regulated during development, is maintained in health, and is detrimental when disturbed by pathologies. This inherent spatial complexity of the central nervous system makes it an exciting organ to study using spatial transcriptomics for pathologies primarily affecting the brain, of which Glioblastoma is one of the worst. Glioblastoma is a hyper-aggressive, incurable, neoplasm and has been hypothesized to not only integrate into the spatial architecture of the surrounding brain, but also possess an architecture of its own that might be actively remodeling the surrounding brain. In this review we will examine the current landscape of spatial transcriptomics in glioblastoma, outline novel findings emerging from the rising use of spatial transcriptomics, and discuss future directions and ultimate clinical/translational avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lingxin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amiti Goel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Diogo Moniz Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sanil Partha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
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2
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4250. [PMID: 37686525 PMCID: PMC10486522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, these adipokines participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connect to angiogenesis, which is critical for cancer invasiveness and cancer cell migration. In addition, an enormous amount of evidence has demonstrated that altered concentrations of these adipocyte-derived hormones and the expression of their receptors in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Therefore, leptin and adiponectin dysfunction play a prominent role in cancer and impact tumor invasion and metastasis in different ways. This review clearly and comprehensively summarizes the recent findings and presents the role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer initiation, promotion and progression, focusing on associations with the tumor microenvironment and its components as well as roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.-H.); (B.K.-K.)
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3
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Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Panza S, Accattatis FM, Naimo GD, Barone I, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin: A Heavyweight Player in Obesity-Related Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1084. [PMID: 37509120 PMCID: PMC10377641 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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4
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Jiang L, Yilmaz M, Uehara M, Cavazzoni CB, Kasinath V, Zhao J, Naini SM, Li X, Banouni N, Fiorina P, Shin SR, Tullius SG, Bromberg JS, Sage PT, Abdi R. Characterization of Leptin Receptor + Stromal Cells in Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2022; 12:730438. [PMID: 35111151 PMCID: PMC8801441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident stromal cells play an essential role in the proper functioning of LNs. The stromal compartment of the LN undergoes significant compensatory changes to produce a milieu amenable for regulation of the immune response. We have identified a distinct population of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells, located in the vicinity of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and lymphatics. These LepR+ stromal cells expressed markers for fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), but they lacked markers for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and marginal reticular cells (MRCs). Leptin signaling deficiency led to heightened inflammatory responses within the LNs of db/db mice, leakiness of HEVs, and lymphatic fragmentation. Leptin signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway supported LN stromal cell survival and promoted the anti-inflammatory properties of these cells. Conditional knockout of the LepR+ stromal cells in LNs resulted in HEV and extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities. Treatment of ob/ob mice with an agonist leptin fusion protein restored the microarchitecture of LNs, reduced intra-LN inflammatory responses, and corrected metabolic abnormalities. Future studies are needed to study the importance of LN stomal cell dysfunction to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Herrera-Vargas AK, García-Rodríguez E, Olea-Flores M, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Flores-Alfaro E, Navarro-Tito N. Pro-angiogenic activity and vasculogenic mimicry in the tumor microenvironment by leptin in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:23-41. [PMID: 34736827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The acquired ability to induce the formation of a functional vasculature is a hallmark of cancer. Blood vessels in tumors are formed through various mechanisms, among the most important in cancer biology, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry have been described. Leptin is one of the main adipokines secreted by adipocytes in normal breast tissue and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide information on the relationship between leptin and the development of angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in different types of cancer. Here, we report that leptin activates different pathways such as JAK-STAT3, MAPK/ERK, PKC, JNK, p38, and PI3K-Akt to induce the expression of various angiogenic factors and vasculogenic mimicry. In vivo models, leptin induces blood vessel formation through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Interestingly, the relationship between leptin and vasculogenic mimicry was more significant in breast cancer. The information obtained suggests that leptin could be playing an essential role in tumor survival and metastasis through the induction of vascular mechanisms such as angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry; thus, leptin-induced pathways could be suggested as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Herrera-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, GRO, 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, GRO 39087, Mexico.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
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6
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Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, Asmawi MZ, Huang X. The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609828. [PMID: 34588926 PMCID: PMC8473628 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elshaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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7
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Lin TC, Hsiao M. Leptin and Cancer: Updated Functional Roles in Carcinogenesis, Therapeutic Niches, and Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062870. [PMID: 33799880 PMCID: PMC8002181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an obesity-associated adipokine that is known to regulate energy metabolism and reproduction and to control appetite via the leptin receptor. Recent work has identified specific cell types other than adipocytes that harbor leptin and leptin receptor expression, particularly in cancers and tumor microenvironments, and characterized the role of this signaling axis in cancer progression. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of leptin in various types of cancer and the ability to noninvasively detect leptin levels in serum samples have attracted attention for potential clinical applications. Emerging findings have demonstrated the direct and indirect biological effects of leptin in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, warranting the exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms to develop a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review article, we summarize and integrate transcriptome and clinical data from cancer patients together with the recent findings related to the leptin signaling axis in the aforementioned malignant phenotypes. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of leptin and leptin receptor distribution in a pancancer panel and in individual cell types of specific organs at the single-cell level is presented, identifying those sites that are prone to leptin-mediated tumorigenesis. Our results shed light on the role of leptin in cancer and provide guidance and potential directions for further research for scientists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27871243; Fax: +886-2-27899931
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Takenaga K, Akimoto M, Koshikawa N, Nagase H. Obesity reduces the anticancer effect of AdipoRon against orthotopic pancreatic cancer in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2923. [PMID: 33536560 PMCID: PMC7859201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon has been shown to suppress the tumour growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Because obesity and diabetes affect pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance, we investigated the effect of AdipoRon on orthotopic tumour growth of Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells in DIO (diet-induced obese) prediabetic mice. Administration of AdipoRon into DIO mice fed high-fat diets, in which prediabetic conditions were alleviated to some extent, did not reduce either body weight or tumour growth. However, when the DIO mice were fed low-fat diets, body weight and the blood leptin level gradually decreased, and importantly, AdipoRon became effective in suppressing tumour growth, which was accompanied by increases in necrotic areas and decreases in Ki67-positive cells and tumour microvessels. AdipoRon inhibited cell growth and induced necrotic cell death of Panc02 cells and suppressed angiogenesis of endothelial MSS31 cells. Insulin and IGF-1 only slightly reversed the AdipoRon-induced suppression of Panc02 cell survival but had no effect on the AdipoRon-induced suppression of MSS31 cell angiogenesis. Leptin significantly ameliorated AdipoRon-induced suppression of angiogenesis through inhibition of ERK1/2 activation. These results suggest that obesity-associated factors weaken the anticancer effect of AdipoRon, which indicates the importance of weight loss in combating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takenaga
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Miho Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
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Annett S, Moore G, Robson T. Obesity and Cancer Metastasis: Molecular and Translational Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3798. [PMID: 33339340 PMCID: PMC7766668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modern health problem that has reached pandemic proportions. It is an established risk factor for carcinogenesis, however, evidence for the contribution of adipose tissue to the metastatic behavior of tumors is also mounting. Over 90% of cancer mortality is attributed to metastasis and metastatic tumor cells must communicate with their microenvironment for survival. Many of the characteristics observed in obese adipose tissue strongly mirror the tumor microenvironment. Thus in the case of prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are all located in close anatomical proximity to an adipose tissue depot, the adjacent fat provides an ideal microenvironment to enhance tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Adipocytes provide adipokines, fatty acids and other soluble factors to tumor cells whilst immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In addition, there are emerging studies on the role of the extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose tissue, and the extracellular matrix itself, as drivers of obesity-induced metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the major mechanisms responsible for the obesity-metastatic link. Furthermore, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide novel therapies to halt the tumor-adipose tissue crosstalk with the ultimate aim of inhibiting tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (S.A.); (G.M.)
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10
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of Leptin and Its Receptor ObR in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123691. [PMID: 33316976 PMCID: PMC7764087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent advances in molecular brain tumor therapies, glioblastoma multiforme remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with, in most cases, unfavorable outcome. Leptin and related mediators of immune-metabolic traffic have attracted increased recognition in the past decade in brain tumor biology, in particular potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed high and low grade gliomas. Randomized controlled trails are on the way to elaborate the role of leptin and its receptor ObR by targeting and using antidiabetic drugs known to interact with distinct pathways associated with leptin signaling. To date, most of the findings in clinical studies remain preliminary and of heterogenous character, although experimental studies have underpinned the relevance of leptin and ObR in the pathophysiology of brain tumors in general. Abstract Leptin has been recognized as a potential tumor growth promoter in various cancers including cranial tumor pathologies such as pituitary adenomas, meningiomas and gliomas. Despite recent advances in adjunctive therapy and the established surgical resection, chemo- and radiotherapy regimen, glioblastoma multiforme remains a particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenge among the intracranial tumor pathologies, with a poor long-term prognosis. Systemic inflammation and immune-metabolic signaling through diverse pathways are thought to impact the genesis and recurrence of brain tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme in particular. Among the various circulating mediators, leptin has gained especial diagnostic and therapeutic interest, although the precise relationship between leptin and glioblastoma biology remains largely unknown. In this narrative review (MEDLINE/OVID, SCOPUS, PubMed and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles), we discuss the current literature using the following search terms: leptin, glioblastoma multiforme, carcinogenesis, immunometabolism, biomarkers, metformin, antidiabetic medication and metabolic disorders. An increasing body of experimental evidence implicates a relationship between the development and maintenance of gliomas (and brain tumors in general) with a dysregulated central and peripheral immune-metabolic network mediated by circulating adipokines, chemokines and cellular components, and in particular the leptin adipokine. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of the role of leptin in glioblastoma pathophysiology. In addition, we describe the status of alternative diagnostic tools and adjunctive therapeutics targeting leptin, leptin-receptors, antidiabetic drugs and associated pathways. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action and the value of immune-metabolism molecular phenotyping (central and peripheral) in order to develop novel adjunctive diagnostics and therapeutics for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients.
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11
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Panza S, Russo U, Giordano F, Leggio A, Barone I, Bonofiglio D, Gelsomino L, Malivindi R, Conforti FL, Naimo GD, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin and Notch Signaling Cooperate in Sustaining Glioblastoma Multiforme Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060886. [PMID: 32526957 PMCID: PMC7356667 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of glioma, which represents one of the commonly occurring tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the continuous development of new clinical therapies against this malignancy, it still remains a deadly disease with very poor prognosis. Here, we demonstrated the existence of a biologically active interaction between leptin and Notch signaling pathways that sustains GBM development and progression. We found that the expression of leptin and its receptors was significantly higher in human glioblastoma cells, U-87 MG and T98G, than in a normal human glial cell line, SVG p12, and that activation of leptin signaling induced growth and motility in GBM cells. Interestingly, flow cytometry and real-time RT-PCR assays revealed that GBM cells, grown as neurospheres, displayed stem cell-like properties (CD133+) along with an enhanced expression of leptin receptors. Leptin treatment significantly increased the neurosphere forming efficiency, self-renewal capacity, and mRNA expression levels of the stemness markers CD133, Nestin, SOX2, and GFAP. Mechanistically, we evidenced a leptin-mediated upregulation of Notch 1 receptor and the activation of its downstream effectors and target molecules. Leptin-induced effects on U-87 MG and T98G cells were abrogated by the selective leptin antagonist, the peptide LDFI (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile), as well as by the specific Notch signaling inhibitor, GSI (Gamma Secretase Inhibitor) and in the presence of a dominant-negative of mastermind-like-1. Overall, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, a functional interaction between leptin and Notch signaling in GBM, highlighting leptin/Notch crosstalk as a potential novel therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Umberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
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Low Dose of Penfluridol Inhibits VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030755. [PMID: 31979394 PMCID: PMC7036977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is considered a major burden in cancer, being responsible for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths. Tumor angiogenesis is one of the main processes that lead to tumor metastasis. Penfluridol is a classic and commonly used antipsychotic drug, which has a great ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Recent studies have revealed that penfluridol has significant anti-cancer activity in diverse tumors, such as metastatic breast cancer and glioblastoma. Here, we aim to identify the effect of low doses of penfluridol on tumor microenvironment and compare it with its effect on tumor cells. Although low concentration of penfluridol was not toxic for endothelial cells, it blocked angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, penfluridol inhibited VEGF-induced primary endothelial cell migration and tube formation, and in vivo, it blocked VEGF- and FGF-induced angiogenesis in the matrigel plug assay. VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation and the downstream p38 and ERK signaling pathways were not affected in endothelial cells, although VEGF-induced Src and Akt activation were abrogated by penfluridol treatment. When cancer cells were treated with the same low concentration of penfluridol, basal Src activation levels were mildly impaired, thus impacting their cell migration and wound healing efficiency. The potential of cancer-induced paracrine effect on endothelial cells was explored, although that did not seem to be a player for angiogenesis. Overall, our data demonstrates that low penfluridol levels, similar to the ones clinically used for anti-psychotic conditions, suppress angiogenic efficiency in the tumor microenvironment.
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Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. The weight of obesity in breast cancer progression and metastasis: Clinical and molecular perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:274-284. [PMID: 31491560 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The escalating epidemic of overweight and obesity is currently recognized as one of the most significant health and economic concern worldwide. At the present time, over 1.9 billion adults and more than 600 million people can be, respectively, classified as overweight or obese, and numbers will continue to increase in the coming decades. This alarming scenario implies important clinical implications since excessive adiposity can progressively cause and/or exacerbate a wide spectrum of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and even certain types of cancer, including breast cancer. Indeed, pathological remodelling of white adipose tissue and increased levels of fat-specific cytokines (mainly leptin), as a consequence of the obesity condition, have been associated with several hallmarks of breast cancer, such as sustained proliferative signaling, cellular energetics, inflammation, angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis. Different preclinical and clinical data have provided evidence indicating that obesity may worsen the incidence, the severity, and the mortality of breast cancer. In the present review, we will discuss the epidemiological connection between obesity and breast cancer progression and metastasis and we will highlight the candidate players involved in this dangerous relationship. Since the major cause of death from cancer is due to widespread metastases, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions to prevent/blunt the effects of obesity and thwart breast tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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14
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Identification of CTRP1 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Oncogene in Human Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2582416. [PMID: 31183364 PMCID: PMC6515110 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2582416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and malignant type of primary brain tumors in adults. The valuable prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM remain to be elucidated. The association of adipokines with cancer has been well documented. The C1q/TNF-related protein 1 (CTRP1), a novel adipokine, belongs to the CTRP family. Methods In the present study, the expression and potential roles of CTRP1 in GBM were explored based on in silico evaluation, including GEPIA, the Pathology Atlas of the Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal, TIMER, and SurvExpress. The CCK8, transwell, and wound healing assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration. Results It was found that mRNA expression levels of CTRP1 were significantly upregulated in GBM tissues compared with those in nontumor tissues according to the analysis on public dataset and immunohistochemical results of GBM tissues (P<0.05). CTRP1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of GBM cells. The genetic alterations of CTRP1 occurred at a low rate in GBM (2 of 591 sequenced cases/patients, 0.33%). The mRNA expression levels of CTRP1 were positively associated with the tumor-infiltrating macrophages and CCL2 in GBM (P<0.05, respectively). The higher mRNA expression levels of CTRP1 were significantly correlated with higher risk and shorter overall survival time in GBM (P<0.05). CTRP1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration in human GBM cells, suggesting the inhibition of CTRP1 on human GMB progression. Moreover, CTRP1 knockdown inhibited CCL2 expression, and CCL2 overexpression reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration induced by CTRP1 knockdown, suggesting that CTRP1 promoted tumor progression by regulating CCL2 expression. Conclusions These findings suggest that CTRP1 potentially indicates poor prognosis in GBM and promotes the progression of human GBM.
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15
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Vokuda RS, B H S, Madhugiri VS, Velusamy SK, Verma SK. The Expression of Leptin and Its Receptor During Tumorigenesis of Diffuse Gliomas such as Astrocytoma and Oligodendroglioma- Grade II, III and IV (NOS). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:479-485. [PMID: 30803210 PMCID: PMC6897042 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leptin, an adipocytokine functions via the leptin receptor, OB-Rb that contains an intact intracellular
domain and activates the JAK/STAT signalling cascade. It stimulates growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells in
vitro potentiating angiogenesis. Recently, the involvement of leptin in tumor progression is being explored. Gliomas
exhibit poor prognosis, low survival rates demanding for novel therapeutic regimens resulting in discovery of many
potential biomarkers and pharmaceutical targets. We analysed the potential role of leptin and OB-Rb in carcinogenesis
of malignant gliomas. Methods: Sixty fresh tissue samples of diffuse gliomas were collected after tumor excision. Real
time PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and western blot analysis were carried out to assess the expression of
leptin and its receptor. Results: The present study demonstrates the expression of leptin and LepR and their involvement
in tumor progression. Of the 60 cases, 57 cases (95%) and 53 cases (88.3%) showed amplification for leptin and
OB-Rb respectively. The expression of these proteins were measured semi-quantitatively and correlated with degree of
malignancy (p<0.05). The bands were visualised on western blot. Conclusion: Leptin may be valued as a pharmaceutical
target and anti-leptin compounds could be developed as drugs in mono- or combined therapies for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S Vokuda
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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16
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Optimized Expression and Characterization of a Novel Fully Human Bispecific Single-Chain Diabody Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor165 and Programmed Death-1 in Pichia pastoris and Evaluation of Antitumor Activity In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102900. [PMID: 30257416 PMCID: PMC6213929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies, which can bind to two different epitopes on the same or different antigens simultaneously, have recently emerged as attractive candidates for study in various diseases. Our present study successfully constructs and expresses a fully human, bispecific, single-chain diabody (BsDb) that can bind to vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) in Pichia pastoris. Under the optimal expression conditions (methanol concentration, 1%; pH, 4.0; inoculum density, OD600 = 4, and the induction time, 96 h), the maximum production level of this BsDb is achieved at approximately 20 mg/L. The recombinant BsDb is purified in one step using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) column chromatography with a purity of more than 95%. Indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and sandwich ELISA analyses show that purified BsDb can bind specifically to VEGF165 and PD-1 simultaneously with affinities of 124.78 nM and 25.07 nM, respectively. Additionally, the BsDb not only effectively inhibits VEGF165-stimulated proliferation, migration, and tube formation in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but also significantly improves proliferation and INF-γ production of activated T cells by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 co-stimulation. Furthermore, the BsDb displays potent antitumor activity in mice bearing HT29 xenograft tumors by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and activating immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Based on these results, we have prepared a potential bispecific antibody drug that can co-target both VEGF165 and PD-1 for the first time. This work provides a stable foundation for the development of new strategies by the combination of an angiogenesis inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy.
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17
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Yan S, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Pan Y, Zeng X, An X, Liu Z, Wang L, Xu J, Cao Y, Fulton DJ, Weintraub NL, Bagi Z, Hoda MN, Wang X, Li Q, Hong M, Jiang X, Boison D, Weber C, Wu C, Huo Y. Intracellular adenosine regulates epigenetic programming in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1263-1278. [PMID: 28751580 PMCID: PMC5582416 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoside adenosine is a potent regulator of vascular homeostasis, but it remains unclear how expression or function of the adenosine‐metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) and the intracellular adenosine levels influence angiogenesis. We show here that hypoxia lowered the expression of ADK and increased the levels of intracellular adenosine in human endothelial cells. Knockdown (KD) of ADK elevated intracellular adenosine, promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenic sprouting in human endothelial cells. Additionally, mice deficient in endothelial ADK displayed increased angiogenesis as evidenced by the rapid development of the retinal and hindbrain vasculature, increased healing of skin wounds, and prompt recovery of arterial blood flow in the ischemic hindlimb. Mechanistically, hypomethylation of the promoters of a series of pro‐angiogenic genes, especially for VEGFR2 in ADK KD cells, was demonstrated by the Infinium methylation assay. Methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation further confirmed hypomethylation in the promoter region of VEGFR2 in ADK‐deficient endothelial cells. Accordingly, loss or inactivation of ADK increased VEGFR2 expression and signaling in endothelial cells. Based on these findings, we propose that ADK downregulation‐induced elevation of intracellular adenosine levels in endothelial cells in the setting of hypoxia is one of the crucial intrinsic mechanisms that promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xianqiu Zeng
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Departments of Medical Laboratory, Imaging & Radiologic Sciences, and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qinkai Li
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Detlev Boison
- Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Leptin signaling axis specifically associates with clinical prognosis and is multifunctional in regulating cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17210-17219. [PMID: 29682217 PMCID: PMC5908318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone that has been characterized as the ligand of leptin receptor (LEPR). The observation of leptin secretion and leptin receptor expression beyond the normal tissues suggests the potentially critical roles other than its physiological function. In addition to the original function in controlling appetite and energy expenditure, leptin-mediated signaling axis through leptin receptor is multifunctional which plays role in the regulation toward broad types of cancer. Emerging evidences has indicated leptin's function in promoting several processes which are relevant to cancer progression including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. We relatively display leptin and leptin receptor expression levels in pan-cancer panel based on the transcriptome analysis via dataset The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and show the clinical association of the axis in predicting cancer prognosis. The results indicate the pathological impacts of this axis on many types of cancer. This review mainly focuses on leptin-mediated effects and its downstream signaling related to the progression of cancers, and displays the clinical significance of this axis including the impact on cancer patient survival.
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19
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Luan H, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang P, Cao L, Ma H, Cui Q, Tian G. Association of two obesity-related gene polymorphisms LEPG2548A rs7799039 and LEPRQ223R rs1137101 with the risk of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59333-59344. [PMID: 28938640 PMCID: PMC5601736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been performed to investigate the correlation of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) risk, however the results are inconclusive. To obtain a more precise estimation, we conducted this meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify qualified studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association. Eight eligible studies (2,124 cases and 5,476 controls) for LEP G2548A (rs7799039) polymorphism, and thirteen studies (5,282 cases and 6,140 controls) for LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) polymorphism were included in our study. In general, no significant association between LEP G2548A polymorphism and BC susceptibility was found among five genetic models. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity and sources of controls, significant associations were still not detected in all genetic models. For LEPR Q223R polymorphism, we observed that the association was only statistically significant in Asians (G versus A: OR = 0.532, P = 0.009; GG versus AA: OR = 0.233, P = 0.002; GA versus AA: OR =0.294, P = 0.006; GG versus AA+AG: OR =0.635, P = 0; GA+GG versus AA: OR = 0.242, P = 0.003), but not in general populations and Caucasians. In conclusion, LEP G2548A polymorphism has no relationship with BC susceptibility, while LEPR Q223R polymorphism could decrease BC risk in Asians, but not in overall individuals and Caucasians. More multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are required for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luan
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifei Cao
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Honglan Ma
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiovasology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Liao AM, Jung H, Yu JW, Lee DH, Park SS, Cai B, Chun C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of arginyl-diosgenin conjugate as a potential bone tissue engineering agent. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liao
- Research Institute of Drug Development; College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Korea
- School of Life Science; Hefei Normal University; Hefei China
| | - Hana Jung
- CELLINBIO Co., Ltd.; Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Ji Won Yu
- CELLINBIO Co., Ltd.; Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- CELLINBIO Co., Ltd.; Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
- Jeonnam NanoBio Research Center; Jangseong-gun Jeollanam-do Korea
| | | | - Bangrong Cai
- Research Institute of Drug Development; College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Korea
| | - ChangJu Chun
- Research Institute of Drug Development; College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Korea
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Barron GA, Goua M, Wahle KWJ, Bermano G. Circulating levels of angiogenesis-related growth factors in breast cancer: A study to profile proteins responsible for tubule formation. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1886-1894. [PMID: 28714000 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study exploited a versatile in vitro endothelial cell/fibroblast co-culture cell system to investigate the association between angiogenesis and breast cancer by comparing the capacity of plasma from women with breast cancer and age-matched controls, to influence tubule formation and modulate angiogenesis in vitro, and to identify plasma circulating factors which might be responsible. Plasma from women with breast cancer (n=8) (added on day 7 after co-culture establishment) significantly increased tubule formation by 57% (P<0.01) when compared to cultures grown in culture medium lacking in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), whereas plasma from controls (n=8) did not. Higher levels of VEGF, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, but not leptin, were observed in plasma samples of the breast cancer group compared to the control group (n=20 in each group). In independent experiments, the effects of VEGF, TNFα, IL-6 and leptin were assessed and it was found that tubule formation was differentially affected whether these inflammatory cytokines or adipokines were added individually or in combination to the co-culture system. Using Proteome Profiler human angiogenesis array kits, 12 out of 55 angiogenesis-related proteins were differentially expressed in plasma from the breast cancer group compared to the control group. Pro-angiogenic proteins included: amphiregulin, artemin, coagulation factor III, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) acidic, GDNF, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, platelet derived growth factor-AB/platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-AB/PDGF-BB) and VEGF, whereas anti-angiogenic proteins were: angiopoietin-2, serpin F1 and serpin B5. In addition, FGF acidic was further identified as differentially expressed, with increased expression, when plasma samples from the normal and cancer groups, which induced an increase in tubule formation, were compared to one another. In conclusion, the present study identified angiogenesis-related proteins circulating in the serum of women with breast cancer that are likely to facilitate the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, in part through their influence on tubule formation, and, therefore, may be potential targets for new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma A Barron
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Marie Goua
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (PALS), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Klaus W J Wahle
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
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Zhang Q, Xu F, Shi Y, Chen YW, Wang HP, Yu X, Li Y. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 promotes tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer via activation of JAK2/STAT3. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:854-862. [PMID: 28544312 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
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Han G, Li Y, Cao Y, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu J. Overexpression of leptin receptor in human glioblastoma: Correlation with vasculogenic mimicry and poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58163-58171. [PMID: 28938545 PMCID: PMC5601641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was an important tumor blood supply to complement the endothelial cell-dependent angiogenesis, while leptin and receptor (ObR) involved in angiogenesis in glioblastoma has been reported on previous study, but the relationship between ObR expression and VM formation in human glioblastoma tissues, as well as their prognostic significance still remains unclear. In our study, we found that VM recognized by CD31-/PAS+ immunohistochemical staining in glioblastoma tissues showed a positive correlation with leptin expression (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), as well as ObR expression in glioblastoma tissues (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). Association of glial to mesenchymal transition (GMT)-related molecular with ObR expression and VM formation in glioblastoma tissues indicated that ObR-positive glioblastoma cells with GMT phenotype might be more likely to constitute VM, and co-expression of ObR and CD133 or Nestin to constitute the channel impliated that ObR-positive glioblastoma cells displayed glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) properties. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis showed that patients with more VM or ObR expression displayed poorer prognosis for overall survival times than patients with less expression (VMhigh vs. VMlow: P = 0.033; ObRhigh vs. ObRlow: P = 0.009). And ObR+ glioblastoma cells with GSC characteristic were mostly involved in VM formation, whereas a little part of cells were also related to microvascular density (MVD), which suggested that ObR was an important target for anticancer therapy, so further related studies were needed to improve glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laixing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Coroniti R, Farjo R, Nuno DJ, Otvos L, Scolaro L, Surmacz E. Designer Leptin Receptor Antagonist Allo-aca Inhibits VEGF Effects in Ophthalmic Neoangiogenesis Models. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:67. [PMID: 27790618 PMCID: PMC5062870 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data suggest that pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and mitogenic cytokine leptin can be implicated in ocular neovascularization and other eye pathologies. At least in part, leptin action appears to be mediated through functional interplay with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a potent regulator of neoangiogenesis and vascular leakage with a proven role in conditions such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Accordingly, drugs targeting VEGF are becoming mainstream treatments for these diseases. The crosstalk between leptin and VEGF has been noted in different tissues, but its involvement in the development of eye pathologies is unclear. Leptin is coexpressed with VEGF during ocular neovascularization and can potentiate VEGF synthesis and angiogenic function. However, whether or not VEGF regulates leptin expression or signaling has never been studied. Consequently, we addressed this aspect of leptin/VEGF crosstalk in ocular models, focusing on therapeutic exploration of underlying mechanisms. Here we show, for the first time, that in retinal (RF/6A) and corneal (BCE) endothelial cells, VEGF (100 ng/mL, 24 h) stimulated leptin mRNA synthesis by 70 and 30%, respectively, and protein expression by 56 and 28%, respectively. In parallel, VEGF induced RF/6A and BCE cell growth by 33 and 20%, respectively. In addition, VEGF upregulated chemotaxis and chemokinesis in retinal cells by ~40%. VEGF-dependent proliferation and migration were significantly reduced in the presence of the leptin receptor antagonist, Allo-aca, at 100-250 nmol/L concentrations. Furthermore, Allo-aca suppressed VEGF-dependent long-term (24 h), but not acute (15 min) stimulation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The efficacy of Allo-aca was validated in the rat laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model where the compound (5 μg/eye) significantly reduced pathological vascularization with the efficacy similar to that of a standard treatment (anti-VEGF antibody, 1 μg/eye). Cumulatively, our results suggest that chronic exposure to VEGF upregulates leptin expression and function. As leptin can in turn activate VEGF, the increased abundance of both cytokines could amplify pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory environement in the eye. Thus, combined therapies targeting ObR and VEGF should be considered in the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Coroniti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafal Farjo
- Department of Biology, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Didier J. Nuno
- Department of Biology, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura Scolaro
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Sato A, Kamekura R, Kawata K, Kawada M, Jitsukawa S, Yamashita K, Sato N, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Novel Mechanisms of Compromised Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Obesity: The Role of Leptin in Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Tube Formation and Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158408. [PMID: 27366905 PMCID: PMC4930203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates various physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that the level of circulating leptin is elevated in obese patients and have suggested a relationship between obesity and postoperative lymphedema. However, the mechanisms by which postoperative lymphedema develops in obese patients and the mechanisms by which leptin regulates lymphatic endothelial cell homeostasis such as tube formation and cell proliferation remain unknown. Here we report that leptin regulates tube formation and cell proliferation in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) by activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, which is downstream signaling of the leptin receptor. Additionally, we found that upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 underlies the mechanisms by which a high dose of leptin inhibits cell proliferation and tube formation. Leptin also enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in HDLECs. Interestingly, IL-6 rescues the compromised cell proliferation and tube formation caused by treatment with a high dose of leptin in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which compromised HDLECs maintain their homeostasis during inflammation mediated by leptin and IL-6. Thus, regulating the level of leptin or IL-6 may be a viable strategy to reduce the incidence of postoperative lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Breast Surgery, KKR Sapporo Medical Center Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawada
- Division of Breast Surgery, KKR Sapporo Medical Center Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Surmacz E, Otvos L. Molecular targeting of obesity pathways in cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 22:53-62. [PMID: 25879324 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of different cancer types and has been associated with poorer response to oncotherapies and linked to earlier recurrence of the neoplastic disease. While molecular mechanisms of these associations are still under investigation, functional dysregulation of two major fat tissue-derived adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, appears to play an important role. Leptin is known to activate carcinogenic pathways, while adiponectin appears to exert antineoplastic activities and interfere with leptin-induced processes. Because excess body fat is associated with increased leptin expression and adiponectin downregulation, therapeutic rebalancing of these pathways may benefit cancer patients, especially the obese subpopulations. This review focuses on our novel leptin receptor antagonists and adiponectin receptor agonists designed for therapeutic modulation of obesity-associated pathways in cancer.
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Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Otvos L, Kovalszky I, Olah J, Coroniti R, Knappe D, Nollmann FI, Hoffmann R, Wade JD, Lovas S, Surmacz E. Optimization of adiponectin-derived peptides for inhibition of cancer cell growth and signaling. Biopolymers 2015; 104:156-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1085 Hungary
| | - Julia Olah
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1085 Hungary
| | - Roberta Coroniti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry; Leipzig University; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry; Leipzig University; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - John D. Wade
- Florey Neurosciences Institutes; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Sandor Lovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Creighton University; Omaha NE 68178
| | - Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
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Adya R, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Differential effects of leptin and adiponectin in endothelial angiogenesis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:648239. [PMID: 25650072 PMCID: PMC4310451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In relation to this, adipose tissue secreted factors termed "adipokines" have been reported to modulate endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on two of the most abundant circulating adipokines, that is, leptin and adiponectin, in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Leptin has been documented to influence a multitude of organ systems, that is, central nervous system (appetite regulation, satiety factor) and cardiovascular system (endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis). Adiponectin, circulating at a much higher concentration, exists in different molecular weight forms, essentially made up of the collagenous fraction and a globular domain, the latter being investigated minimally for its involvement in proinflammatory processes including activation of NF-κβ and endothelial adhesion molecules. The opposing actions of the two forms of adiponectin in endothelial cells have been recently demonstrated. Additionally, a local and systemic change to multimeric forms of adiponectin has gained importance. Thus detailed investigations on the potential interplay between these adipokines would likely result in better understanding of the missing links connecting CVD, adipokines, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Raghu Adya:
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Zabeau L, Peelman F, Tavernier J. Antagonizing leptin: current status and future directions. Biol Chem 2014; 395:499-514. [PMID: 24523306 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine leptin acts as a metabolic switch, connecting the body's nutritional status to high energy consuming processes such as reproduction and immune responses. Inappropriate leptin responses can promote autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss the current strategies to modulate leptin signaling and the possibilities for their use in research and therapy.
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Junes-Gill KS, Lawrence CE, Wheeler CJ, Cordner R, Gill TG, Mar V, Shiri L, Basile LA. Human Hematopoietic Signal peptide-containing Secreted 1 (hHSS1) modulates genes and pathways in glioma: implications for the regulation of tumorigenicity and angiogenesis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:920. [PMID: 25481245 PMCID: PMC4295481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Hematopoietic Signal peptide-containing Secreted 1 (hHSS1) is a truly novel protein, defining a new class of secreted factors. We have previously reported that ectopic overexpression of hHSS1 has a negative modulatory effect on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in glioblastoma model systems. Here we have used microarray analysis, screened glioblastoma samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and studied the effects of hHSS1 on glioma-derived cells and endothelial cells to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumorigenic effects of hHSS1. METHODS Gene expression profiling of human glioma U87 and A172 cells overexpressing hHSS1 was performed. Ingenuity® iReport™ and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to analyze the gene expression in the glioma cells. DNA content and cell cycle analysis were performed by FACS, while cell migration, cell invasion, and effects of hHSS1 on HUVEC tube formation were determined by transwell and matrigel assays. Correlation was made between hHSS1 expression and specific genes in glioblastoma samples in the TCGA database. RESULTS We have clarified the signaling and metabolic pathways (i.e. role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response), networks (i.e. cell cycle) and biological processes (i.e. cell division process of chromosomes) that result from hHSS1effects upon glioblastoma growth. U87-overexpressing hHSS1 significantly decreased the number of cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, and significantly increased cells in the S and G2/M phases (P < 0.05). U87-overexpressing hHSS1 significantly lost their ability to migrate (P < 0.001) and to invade (P < 0.01) through matrigel matrix. hHSS1-overexpression significantly decreased migration of A172 cells (P < 0.001), inhibited A172 tumor-induced migration and invasion of HUVECs (P < 0.001), and significantly inhibited U87 tumor-induced invasion of HUVECs (P < 0.001). Purified hHSS1 protein inhibited HUVEC tube formation. TCGA database revealed significant correlation between hHSS1 and BRCA2 (r = -0.224, P < 0.0005), ADAMTS1 (r = -0.132, P <0.01) and endostatin (r = 0.141, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS hHSS1-overexpression modulates signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. hHSS1 inhibits glioma-induced cell cycle progression, cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Our data suggest that hHSS1 is a potential therapeutic for malignant glioblastoma possessing significant antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris E Lawrence
- />Neumedicines Inc., 133 N Altadena Dr. #310, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA
| | - Christopher J Wheeler
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Rm. 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Ryan Cordner
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Rm. 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Tristan G Gill
- />Ingenuity Systems, 1700 Seaport Blvd, 3rd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
| | - Vernon Mar
- />Neumedicines Inc., 133 N Altadena Dr. #310, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA
| | - Liron Shiri
- />Neumedicines Inc., 133 N Altadena Dr. #310, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA
| | - Lena A Basile
- />Neumedicines Inc., 133 N Altadena Dr. #310, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA
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Leroy HA, Baroncini M, Delestret I, Florent V, Vinchon M. Anorexia: an early sign of fourth ventricle astrocytoma in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:2089-95. [PMID: 25142692 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric low-grade astrocytomas of the fourth ventricle are rare tumours, generally revealed by hydrocephalus. However, some patients present with a history of severe anorexia. It might be a harbinger, which if recognized, could lead to earlier diagnosis. We decided to examine our database in order to evaluate the incidence and signification of anorexia in this context. METHODS Retrospective monocentric study of cases of low-grade astrocytomas of the fourth ventricle operated between 1991 and 2012 in our paediatric neurosurgery department. We particularly observed the clinical presentation and long-term clinical, oncological and radiological evolution. Non-parametrical tests were used (Mann-Whitney, Fisher). RESULTS We reviewed 34 cases, 31 pilocytic astrocytomas and 3 diffuse astrocytomas, 16 boys and 18 girls, (M/F ratio 0.89). Mean age at diagnosis was 8 years old. Seven presented with notable anorexia, the average BMI in this group was ≤2 standard deviation (SD); with clinical signs evolving for 11.5 months. Twenty-seven children had no anorexia; average BMI in this group was +1 SD, with clinical evolution for 6 months on an average of p < 0.05. We found no significant difference regarding hydrocephalus or tumour location. In all children with anorexia, body mass index improved markedly in the postoperative follow-up, which lasted, on average, for 6 years. CONCLUSION Anorexia with stunted body weight curve is a non-exceptional presentation in children with low-grade astrocytomas of the fourth ventricle. Unexplained or atypical anorexia with negative etiologic assessment should prompt cerebral imaging. Clinical improvement after surgical resection, could suggest a possible interaction between tumour tissue and appetite-suppressing peptide secretion.
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Yang WH, Chen JC, Hsu KH, Lin CY, Wang SW, Wang SJ, Chang YS, Tang CH. Leptin increases VEGF expression and enhances angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3483-93. [PMID: 25230157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, 16kDa product of obese gene, is adipocytokine playing critical role in regulation of body weight. In recent years, leptin is also defined as potent angiogenic factor involving in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, it is unknown whether leptin regulates VEGF production in human chondrosarcoma and contributing the tumor-associated angiogenesis. METHODS We analyzed protein level of leptin and VEGF in human chondrosarcoma tissues. Effects of leptin on chondrosarcoma cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. In addition, intracellular signal pathways were investigated by pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS We found that both leptin and VEGF are highly expressed in human chondrosarcoma tissues, and positively correlated with tumor stage. Leptin increases VEGF production by activating OBRl receptor and MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), which in turn enhances binding of AP-1 transcription factor to VEGF promoter, resulting in the transactivation of VEGF expression and subsequently promoting migration and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In vivo, knockdown leptin significantly reduces angiogenesis and tumor growth. CONCLUSION Leptin may be a therapeutic target of angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide better understanding of pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma and can utilize this knowledge to design new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Jyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Puhsin Township, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sen Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Colbert LS, Wilson K, Kim S, Liu Y, Oprea-Ilies G, Gillespie C, Dickson T, Newman G, Gonzalez-Perez RR. NILCO biomarkers in breast cancer from Chinese patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:249. [PMID: 24716804 PMCID: PMC4101832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch, IL-1 and leptin are known pro-angiogenic factors linked to breast cancer development, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. A complex crosstalk between these molecules (NILCO) has been reported in breast cancer cell lines. However, whether NILCO biomarkers are differentially expressed in estrogen responsive (ER+), unresponsive (ER-) and triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer tissues is unknown. METHODS Expression levels of nine NILCO and targets [Notch1, Notch4, JAG1, DLL4, VEGF, VEGFR2 (FLK-1), leptin, leptin receptor (OB-R) and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R tI)] were examined via immunohistochemistry in breast cancer tissue microarrays from Chinese patients (ER+, n=33; ER-, n=21; TNBC, n=13) and non-malignant breast tissue (n=5; Pantomics, Inc.) using a semi-quantitative analysis of intensity staining, HSCORE. RESULTS Categorical expression of NILCO and targets (+ or -) was similar among all cancer tissues. However, TNBC showed differential localization pattern of NILCO. TNBC showed fewer nuclei and cytoplasms positive for Notch4 and JAG1, but more cytoplasms positive for leptin. In addition, fewer TNBC stromas were positive for Notch1 and Notch4, but 100% of TNBC stromas were positive for VEGFR2. Moreover, TNBC had lower DLL4 and IL-1R tI expression. TNBC and ER- showed higher expression of EGFR, but lower expression of AR. Leptin and OB-R were detected in more than 61% of samples. Leptin positively correlated to OB-R, JAG1, VEGF, and marginally to IL-1R tI. Notch1 positively correlated to IL-1R tI. EGFR and Ki67 were positively associated to Notch1, but no associations of NILCO and targets with p53 were found. CONCLUSIONS Present data suggest that NILCO components are differentially expressed in breast cancer. TNBC showed distinctive patterns for NILCO expression and localization. The complex crosstalk between leptin, IL-1 and Notch could differentially drive breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the analysis of NILCO and targets using Pathway Studio9 software (Ariadine Genomics) showed multiple molecular relationships that suggest NILCO has potential prognostic biomarker value in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruben Rene Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
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Yang J, Wang Q, Qiao C, Lin Z, Li X, Huang Y, Zhou T, Li Y, Shen B, Lv M, Feng J. Potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of a novel human anti-VEGF antibody, MIL60. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:285-93. [PMID: 24608894 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis, and blocking the activity of VEGF can starve tumors. Avastin, which is a humanized anti-VEGF antibody, has been successfully applied in clinics since 2004. However, the price of Avastin is extremely high for Chinese people. Here, we report a novel human anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody, MIL60, which shows an affinity comparable to that of Avastin (the KD value of MIL60 was 44.5 pM, while that of Avastin was 42.7 pM). MIL60 displays favorable actions in inhibiting VEGF-triggered endothelial cell proliferation (the IC50 value of MIL60 was 31±6.4 ng/ml and that of Avastin was 47±8.1 ng/ml), migration (8 µg/ml or 0.8 µg/ml MIL60 versus the control: P<0.05) and tube formation (2 µg/ml or 0.2 µg/ml MIL60 versus the control: P<0.05) via the VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Moreover, MIL60 was shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo in xenograft models of human colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer using immunotherapy and immunohistochemistry analysis (MIL60 versus N.S.: P=0.0007; Avastin versus N.S.: P=0.00046). These data suggest that MIL60 is a potential therapeutic, anti-angiogenic agent. Our work provides a novel anti-VEGF antibody, which can be considered an anti-tumor antibody candidate and a new option for patients with various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- 1] Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Department of Pathogens and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Lin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tumour expression of leptin is associated with chemotherapy resistance and therapy-independent prognosis in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1525-34. [PMID: 24569475 PMCID: PMC3960617 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the main systemic therapy for gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma, but resistance to chemotherapy is common, resulting in ineffective and often toxic treatment for patients. Predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy response would increase the probability of successful therapy, but none are currently recommended for clinical use. We used global gene expression profiling of tumour biopsies to identify novel predictive biomarkers for cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Tumour biopsies from patients (n=14) with TNM stage IB-IV gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas receiving platinum-based combination chemotherapy were used as a discovery cohort and profiled with Affymetrix ST1.0 Exon Genechips. An independent cohort of patients (n=154) treated with surgery with or without neoadjuvant platinum combination chemotherapy and gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines (n=22) were used for qualification of gene expression profiling results by immunohistochemistry. A cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cell line, AGS Cis5, and the oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell line, OE33, were used for in vitro validation investigations. RESULTS We identified 520 genes with differential expression (Mann-Whitney U, P<0.020) between radiological responding and nonresponding patients. Gene enrichment analysis (DAVID v6.7) was used on this list of 520 genes to identify pathways associated with response and identified the adipocytokine signalling pathway, with higher leptin mRNA associated with lack of radiological response (P=0.011). Similarly, in the independent cohort (n=154), higher leptin protein expression by immunohistochemistry in the tumour cells was associated with lack of histopathological response (P=0.007). Higher leptin protein expression by immunohistochemistry was also associated with improved survival in the absence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patients with low leptin protein-expressing tumours had improved survival when treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P for interaction=0.038). In the gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, higher leptin protein expression was associated with resistance to cisplatin (P=0.008), but not to oxaliplatin (P=0.988) or 5fluorouracil (P=0.636). The leptin receptor antagonist SHLA increased the sensitivity of AGS Cis5 and OE33 cell lines to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS In gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas, tumour leptin expression is associated with chemoresistance but a better therapy-independent prognosis. Tumour leptin expression determined by immunohistochemistry has potential utility as a predictive marker of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and a prognostic marker independent of therapy in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Leptin antagonists have been developed for clinical use and leptin and its associated pathways may also provide much needed novel therapeutic targets for gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin might be implicated in ocular neovascularization. However, the potential of inhibiting leptin function in ophthalmic cells has never been explored. Here we assessed mitogenic, angiogenic, and signaling leptin activities in retinal and corneal endothelial cells and examined the capability of a specific leptin receptor (ObR) antagonist, Allo-aca, to inhibit these functions. Methods and Results The experiments were carried out in monkey retinal (RF/6A) and bovine corneal (BCE) endothelial cells. Leptin at 50-250 ng/mL stimulated the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal mitogenic response (35±7 and 27±3% in RF6A and BCE cells, respectively) was noted at 24 h of 250 ng/mL leptin treatments. Leptin-dependent proliferation was reduced to base levels with 10 and 100 nM Allo-aca in BCE and RF6A cells, respectively. In both cell lines, leptin promoted angiogenic responses, with the maximal increase in tube formation (163±10 and 133±8% in RF6A and BCE cultures, respectively) observed under a 250 ng/mL leptin treatment for 3 h. Furthermore, in both cell lines 250 ng/mL leptin modulated the activity or expression of several signaling molecules involved in proliferation, inflammatory activity and angiogenesis, such as STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, COX2, and NFκB. In both cell lines, leptin-induced angiogenic and signaling responses were significantly inhibited with 100 nM Allo-aca. We also found that leptin increased its own mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines, and this autocrine effect was abolished by 100-250 nM Allo-aca. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the role of leptin in ocular endothelial cells and represent the first original report on targeting ObR in ophthalmic cell models.
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Leptin's Pro-Angiogenic Signature in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1140-62. [PMID: 24202338 PMCID: PMC3795383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to increased incidence of breast cancer. The precise causes and mechanisms of these morbid relationships are unknown. Contradictory data on leptin angiogenic actions have been published. However, accumulating evidence would suggest that leptin’s pro-angiogenic effects in cancer play an essential role in the disease. Leptin, the main adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, is also abnormally expressed together with its receptor (OB-R) by breast cancer cells. Leptin induces proliferation and angiogenic differentiation of endothelial cells upregulates VEGF/VEGFR2 and transactivates VEGFR2 independent of VEGF. Leptin induces two angiogenic factors: IL-1 and Notch that can increase VEGF expression. Additionally, leptin induces the secretion and synthesis of proteases and adhesion molecules needed for the development of angiogenesis. Leptin’s paracrine actions can further affect stromal cells and tumor associated macrophages, which express OB-R and secrete VEGF and IL-1, respectively. A complex crosstalk between leptin, Notch and IL-1 (NILCO) that induces VEGF/VEGFR2 is found in breast cancer. Leptin actions in tumor angiogenesis could amplify, be redundant and/or compensatory to VEGF signaling. Current failure of breast cancer anti-angiogenic therapies emphasizes the necessity of targeting the contribution of other pro-angiogenic factors in breast cancer. Leptin’s impact on tumor angiogenesis could be a novel target for breast cancer, especially in obese patients. However, more research is needed to establish the importance of leptin in tumor angiogenesis. This review is focused on updated information on how leptin could contribute to tumor angiogenesis.
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García-Robles MJ, Segura-Ortega JE, Fafutis-Morris M. The biology of leptin and its implications in breast cancer: a general view. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:717-27. [PMID: 23869900 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a world health problem that increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, and some types of cancer. In postmenopausal women, it represents an important risk factor for the development of breast cancer (BC). Leptin is an adipokine that is secreted by fatty tissue, and high leptin levels are observed both in mouse models of obesity and in obese subjects. High levels of leptin promote the proliferation and progression of various types of cancer, including BC. This review provides a general overview of the biology of leptin, important laboratory studies, and animal and clinical models that have provided evidence for an active role of leptin in the proliferation, progression, and survival of mammary tumors. Finally, this review addresses the most recent studies on the use of leptin receptor antagonists as a novel therapeutic treatment for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra J García-Robles
- 1 Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
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Beccari S, Kovalszky I, Wade JD, Otvos L, Surmacz E. Designer peptide antagonist of the leptin receptor with peripheral antineoplastic activity. Peptides 2013; 44:127-34. [PMID: 23567149 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The obesity hormone leptin has been implicated in the development and progression of different cancer types, and preclinical studies suggest that targeting leptin signaling could be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer, especially in obese patients. To inhibit pro-neoplastic leptin activity, we developed leptin receptor (ObR) peptide antagonists capable of blocking leptin effects in vitro and in vivo. Our lead compound (Allo-aca), however, crosses the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), inducing undesirable orexigenic effects and consequent weight gain. Thus, redesigning Allo-aca to uncouple its central and peripheral activities should produce a superior compound for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to generate novel Allo-aca analogs and test their biodistribution in vivo and anti-neoplastic activity in vitro in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Examination of several Allo-aca analogs resulted in the identification of the peptidomimetic, d-Ser, that distributed only in the periphery of experimental animals. d-Ser inhibited leptin-dependent-proliferation of ObR-positive breast and colorectal cancer cells in vitro at 1nM concentration without exhibiting any partial agonistic activity. d-Ser efficacy was demonstrated in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures, and its antiproliferative action was associated with the inhibition of several leptin-induced pathways, including JAK/STAT3, MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT, cyclin D1, and E-cadherin. In conclusion, d-Ser is the first leptin-based peptidomimetic featuring peripheral ObR antagonistic activity. The novel peptide may serve as a prototype to develop new therapeutics, particularly for the management of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Beccari
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Reserach and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Gertler A, Solomon G. Leptin-activity blockers: development and potential use in experimental biology and medicine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:873-82. [PMID: 24117254 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first adipokine, leptin, discovered almost 20 years ago, is secreted into circulation mainly from adipose tissue and acts both centrally and peripherally. Leptin regulates energy metabolism, reproductive function, bone metabolism, and immune response. However in some physiological or pathological situations such as enhancement of undesired immune responses in autoimmune diseases, tumorigenesis, elevated blood pressure, and certain cardiovascular pathologies, leptin activity may be harmful. In this review we screen different approaches to blocking leptin action, in vitro and in vivo. The recent development of superactive leptin muteins exhibiting antagonistic properties, and other leptin-action-blocking peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and nanobodies, opens new perspectives for their use in research, and eventually, therapy for cachexia, autoimmune disease, cancer, and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieh Gertler
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Erkasap N, Ozkurt M, Erkasap S, Yasar F, Uzuner K, Ihtiyar E, Uslu S, Kara M, Bolluk O. Leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA expression and serum leptin concentration in patients with colorectal and metastatic colorectal cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:306-10. [PMID: 23558862 PMCID: PMC3854369 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of leptin on the
progression of colorectal carcinoma to metastatic disease by analyzing the serum
leptin concentration and Ob-R gene expression in colon cancer tissues. Tissue
samples were obtained from 31 patients who underwent surgical resection for
colon (18 cases) and metastatic colon (13 cases) cancer. Serum leptin
concentration was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
Ob-R mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for both
groups. ELISA data were analyzed by the Student t-test and
RT-PCR data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. RT-PCR results
demonstrated that mRNA expression of Ob-R in human metastatic colorectal cancer
was higher than in local colorectal cancer tissues. On the other hand, mean
serum leptin concentration was significantly higher in local colorectal cancer
patients compared to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The results of
the present study suggest a role for leptin in the progression of colon cancer
to metastatic disease without weight loss. In other words, significantly
increased Ob-R mRNA expression and decreased serum leptin concentration in
patients with metastatic colon cancer indicate that sensitization to leptin
activity may be a major indicator of metastasis to the colon tissue and the
determination of leptin concentration and leptin gene expression may be used to
aid the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Erkasap
- Department of Physiology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Terrasi M, Bazan V, Caruso S, Insalaco L, Amodeo V, Fanale D, Corsini LR, Contaldo C, Mercanti A, Fiorio E, Lo Re G, Cicero G, Surmacz E, Russo A. Effects of PPARγ agonists on the expression of leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1368-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The increasing percentage of obese individuals in the population and its independent association of increased risk for the development of cancer have heightened the necessity to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie this connection. The deregulation of adipokines in the setting of obesity and their impact on cancer progression and metastasis is one such area of research. Adipokines are bioactive proteins that mediate metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis, and proliferation. Altered levels of adipokines or their cognate receptors in cancers can ultimately lead to an imbalance in downstream molecular pathways. Discovery of adipokine receptors in various cancers has highlighted the potential for novel therapeutic targets. Leptin and adiponectin represent two adipokines that elicit generally opposing molecular effects. Epidemiologic studies have highlighted associations between increased serum leptin levels and increased tumor growth, whereas adiponectin exhibits an inverse correlation with cancer development. This review addresses the current level of understanding of molecular pathways activated by adiponectin and leptin to identify the areas of intervention and facilitate advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Vansaun
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Yokogami K, Yamashita S, Takeshima H. Hypoxia-induced decreases in SOCS3 increase STAT3 activation and upregulate VEGF gene expression. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 30:135-43. [PMID: 23104276 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-012-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 has been described as a master regulator of the signaling pathways that are involved in the mesenchymal transition of glioblastomas, which are the most aggressive type of tumors and which result in poor prognoses. Hypoxia, which is a strong inducer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), results in angiogenesis and the bulky growth of tumors. Here, we show that hypoxia induces VEGF gene expression through a STAT3 signaling cascade. Hypoxia increases the levels of aberrantly activated STAT3 by decreasing the levels of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3, which is a negative regulator of the STAT3 signaling cascade. Activated STAT3 binds to the hypoxia-responsible element that is located -914 to -905 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site in the VEGF promoter and that transcriptionally regulates VEGF gene expression. This sequence closely resembled the previously defined sis-inducible element in the STAT3-binding sequences. The enforced overexpression of SOCS3 abolished the hypoxia-induced STAT3 activation and the STAT3-mediated transcriptional upregulation of the VEGF gene. In addition, activated STAT3 was found around necrotic foci in surgical specimens. These observations suggest that STAT3 is a molecular target of antiangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Yokogami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Northcott JM, Yeganeh A, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Wigle JT. Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1029-59. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M. Northcott
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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