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Uysal G, Semerci R, Şıktaş Ö. Turkish version of the resilience scale for young children: Validity and reliability study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:e148-e154. [PMID: 39019739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Young Children. METHOD This study used a methodological and descriptive design. The study was conducted with 210 parents of children aged 2-6 years at a Family Health Centre in Sakarya from June 2023 to January 2024. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews via a Descriptive Information Form and the Chinese Resilience Scale for Young Children. Translation processes, expert opinions, and content validity were meticulously addressed. Data analysis was utilized by IBM SPSS Statistics and AMOS 24. RESULT The mean age of parents was 35.85 ± 6.52 years, and 82.9% of the parents were mothers (n = 174). The item-content validity index (I-CVI) ranged between 0.81 and 0.94, indicating a high level of agreement between the experts. The Cronbach's alpha value for the scale was 0.791. In the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the distribution of the items according to the sub-dimensions was consistent with the original scale. Confirmatory factor analysis results are as follows: chi-square/df = 2.395, RMSEA = 0.082, GFI = 0.842, CFI = 0.853, IFI = 0.856, RFI = 0.726, NFI = 0.776 and TLI = 0.820. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the Turkish scale with four sub-dimensions and 16 items is a valid and reliable tool. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended to use the Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Young Children to assess resilience in children aged 2-6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülzade Uysal
- Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Remziye Semerci
- Koç University, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Şıktaş
- Ministry of Health Finike State Hospital, Finike/Antalya, Turkey
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Notebaert L, Harris R, MacLeod C, Crane M, Bucks RS. The role of acute stress recovery in emotional resilience. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17911. [PMID: 39221278 PMCID: PMC11366226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Resilience refers to the process of demonstrating better outcomes than would be expected based on the adversity one experienced. Resilience is increasingly measured using a residual approach, which typically assesses adversity and mental health outcomes over a longitudinal timeframe. It remains unknown to what extent such a residual-based measurement of resilience is sensitive to variation in acute stress resilience, a candidate resilience factor. Methods Fifty-seven emerging adults enrolled in tertiary education completed measures of adversity and emotional experiences. To assess stress recovery, participants were exposed to a lab-based adverse event from which a Laboratory Stress Resilience Index was derived. Results We derived a residual-based measure of emotional resilience from regressing emotional experience scores onto adversity scores. This residual-based measure of emotional resilience predicted variance in the Laboratory Stress Resilience Index over and above that predicted by both a traditional resilience measure and the emotional experiences measure. These findings suggest that acute stress resilience may be a factor underpinning variation in emotional resilience, and that the residual-based approach to measuring resilience is sensitive to such variation in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Notebaert
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roger Harris
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin MacLeod
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Zhou Y, Yu NX, Liang Z, Feng S, Zhang Q. Preadolescents' executive functions and resilience development: A cascade model of resilience resources and resilient functioning. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39183384 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions (EF), encompassing inhibition, updating, and shifting, are widely acknowledged as cognitive factors that promote resilience. However, prior research examining the association between EF and resilience has been hampered by inconsistent conceptualizations of resilience and an overreliance on cross-sectional designs. We embraced a process-oriented conceptualization of resilience and employed a longitudinal approach to investigate how EF components interplay with the dynamic processes of resilience resources and resilient functioning. METHODS A total of 144 Chinese preadolescents (aged 10-12, 53.5% male) completed computer-based EF assessments at baseline and self-reported their resilience at three intervals during 2019-2020. The resilience evaluations encompassed resilience resources at individual, familial, and social levels, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, and resilient functioning, operationalized as the residuals of socioemotional difficulties after accounting for stressful life events. RESULTS The findings emphasized the dynamic nature of resilience, unveiling a developmental cascade from resilience resources to resilient functioning and back to resilience resources. Furthermore, distinct effects of EF components on resilience development were found. Specifically, inhibition was associated with both concurrent and long-term resilience resources and functioning, while updating predicted long-term resilience resources, and shifting predicted long-term resilient functioning. CONCLUSION These results underscored the pivotal role of EF as a cognitive foundation in comprehending the dynamic resilience processes during preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanhong Liang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hettwer MD, Dorfschmidt L, Puhlmann LMC, Jacob LM, Paquola C, Bethlehem RAI, Bullmore ET, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Longitudinal variation in resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6283. [PMID: 39075054 PMCID: PMC11286871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation of association cortices. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal variation in adolescents' resilience to psychosocial stressors during this vulnerable period is associated with ongoing myeloarchitectural maturation and consolidation of functional networks. We used repeated myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) and resting-state functional neuroimaging (n = 141), and captured adversity exposure by adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, and socio-economic status at two timepoints, one to two years apart. Development toward more resilient psychosocial functioning was associated with increasing myelination in the anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which showed stabilized functional connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles and the cortex-wide synchronization of myeloarchitectural maturation, we further observed wide-spread myeloarchitectural reconfiguration of association cortices paralleled by attenuated functional reorganization with increasingly resilient outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible psychosocial functioning showed considerable intra-individual change associated with multi-modal cortical refinement processes at the local and system-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lena Dorfschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lara M C Puhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Linda M Jacob
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Casey Paquola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Cornwell H, Toschi N, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Staginnus M, Smaragdi A, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Mackes N, Rogers J, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Raschle NM, Konrad K, Stadler C, Freitag CM, De Brito SA, Fairchild G. Identifying cortical structure markers of resilience to adversity in young people using surface-based morphometry. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae006. [PMID: 38287706 PMCID: PMC10868125 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research on the neurobiological bases of resilience in youth has largely used categorical definitions of resilience and voxel-based morphometry methods that assess gray matter volume. However, it is important to consider brain structure more broadly as different cortical properties have distinct developmental trajectories. To address these limitations, we used surface-based morphometry and data-driven, continuous resilience scores to examine associations between resilience and cortical structure. Structural MRI data from 286 youths (Mage = 13.6 years, 51% female) who took part in the European multi-site FemNAT-CD study were pre-processed and analyzed using surface-based morphometry. Continuous resilience scores were derived for each participant based on adversity exposure and levels of psychopathology using the residual regression method. Vertex-wise analyses assessed for correlations between resilience scores and cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification and volume. Resilience scores were positively associated with right lateral occipital surface area and right superior frontal gyrification and negatively correlated with left inferior temporal surface area. Moreover, sex-by-resilience interactions were observed for gyrification in frontal and temporal regions. Our findings extend previous research by revealing that resilience is related to surface area and gyrification in frontal, occipital and temporal regions that are implicated in emotion regulation and face or object recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Cornwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Viale Montpellier, Rome 1 – 00133, Italy
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Marlene Staginnus
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Areti Smaragdi
- Child Development Institute, 197 Euclid Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M6J 2J8, Canada
| | - Karen Gonzalez-Madruga
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Nuria Mackes
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jack Rogers
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
- Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, School of Psychology, Marienburgstrasse 6, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel 4002, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, Zurich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Juelich 52425, Germany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK
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Marquez J, Francis-Hew L, Humphrey N. Protective factors for resilience in adolescence: analysis of a longitudinal dataset using the residuals approach. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:140. [PMID: 38115137 PMCID: PMC10731682 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The residuals approach, in which residual scores from regression models are used as a proxy for resilient functioning, offers great potential to increase understanding of resilience processes. However, its application in child and adolescent wellbeing research is limited to date. We use this approach to examine how adversity exposure impacts later wellbeing (life satisfaction, and internalising mental health difficulties) in the early-to-middle adolescence transition; whether gender and ethnic differences in resilience exist; which internal and external factors confer protective effects for resilience; and, whether the protective effect of these factors differs by gender and level of adversity exposure. METHOD Secondary analysis of the #BeeWell longitudinal data set (N = 12,130 adolescents, aged 12/13 at T1 and 13/14 at T2, representative of Greater Manchester, England) was undertaken, using a series of linear regressions to establish adversity indices for later wellbeing, before assessing the protective effects of internal and external factors on resilience. RESULTS Multiple adversity factors (e.g., home material deprivation, sexuality discrimination, bullying) were found to impact later wellbeing. Girls and white adolescents presented lower levels of resilience than their peers. Internal psychological factors (self-esteem, emotional regulation, optimism) consistently conferred the strongest protective effects, but behavioural/activity factors (physical activity, sleep) also contributed to resilience. Among external factors, friendships and peer support were the most salient. Physical activity yielded stronger protective effects among boys (compared to girls). Effects of protective factors were stronger among those at lower (compared to higher) levels of adversity exposure. CONCLUSION The residuals approach can make a considerable contribution to our understanding of the interplay between adversity exposure and access to protective factors in determining adolescent wellbeing outcomes. Moreover, its application provides clear implications for policy and practice in terms of prevention (of adversity exposure) and intervention (to facilitate resilience).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marquez
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Louis Francis-Hew
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Neil Humphrey
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Qiu Y, Cong Z, Wang X, Li S. Potential factors associated with resilience among older adults in rural China: a multilevel analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:844. [PMID: 38087241 PMCID: PMC10717782 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is crucial for older adults who experience adversities, but research on the issue in rural China remains limited. This study aims to examine factors associated with resilience among older adults in rural China, as related to different types of resilience, and under different levels of adversity. METHODS Data were taken from the eight-wave (2001-2021) Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province, China. We used data from the eighth wave (2021) for the outcome variables and lagged predictors (2018) to avoid reverse causal effects. The study sample included individuals 60 years and above, excluding new participants from 2021, those without any adverse events, and any respondents with incomplete analytic data. Resilience was operationalized as residuals of the regressions of life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D) on adversity, referred to as Type-1 and Type-2 resilience respectively. These two types of resilience were then treated as the outcome variables in subsequent multilevel regressions, with the predictors focusing on individual, social, and environmental characteristics and resources. This study adheres to STROBE guidelines. RESULTS 43% of rural older adults exhibited both Type-1 and Type-2 resilience, whereas 18% exhibited only Type-1 resilience and 7% exhibited only Type-2 resilience. Common factors associated with both types of resilience included self-rated health, satisfaction with one's own financial situation, and the prestigiousness of social networks. Predictors for higher levels of Type-1 resilience included higher levels of financial and emotional support and more options for places of leisure. Predictors for higher levels of Type-2 resilience included greater access to medical care. The prestigiousness of social networks, higher levels of emotional support and instrumental support, access to medical care, and more options of places of leisure were positively associated with resilience in the low-adversity group (first tertile of adversity), only satisfaction with financial situation was positively correlated with the resilience of the middle-adversity group (second tertile), while better self-rated health, satisfaction with financial situation, and financial support yielded greater resilience in the high-adversity group (third tertile). CONCLUSIONS We examined two types of resilience among older adults in rural China, and found that they have shared and unique associated factors. In addition, the potential factors influencing resilience varied with the level of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Cong
- School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuzhuo Li
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Cornwell H, Toschi N, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Staginnus M, Smaragdi A, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Rogers J, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Raschle NM, Konrad K, Stadler C, Freitag C, De Brito S, Fairchild G. Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2302-2314. [PMID: 37424502 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9-18 years (Mage = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual's distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack Rogers
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, School of Psychology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Kotsakis Ruehlmann A, Sammallahti S, Cortés Hidalgo AP, Bakulski KM, Binder EB, Campbell ML, Caramaschi D, Cecil CAM, Colicino E, Cruceanu C, Czamara D, Dieckmann L, Dou J, Felix JF, Frank J, Håberg SE, Herberth G, Hoang TT, Houtepen LC, Hüls A, Koen N, London SJ, Magnus MC, Mancano G, Mulder RH, Page CM, Räikkönen K, Röder S, Schmidt RJ, Send TS, Sharp G, Stein DJ, Streit F, Tuhkanen J, Witt SH, Zar HJ, Zenclussen AC, Zhang Y, Zillich L, Wright R, Lahti J, Brunst KJ. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of prenatal maternal stressful life events and newborn DNA methylation. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5090-5100. [PMID: 36899042 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stressful life events are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Biological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, but DNA methylation likely plays a role. This meta-analysis included twelve non-overlapping cohorts from ten independent longitudinal studies (N = 5,496) within the international Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium to examine maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and DNA methylation in cord blood. Children whose mothers reported higher levels of cumulative maternal stressful life events during pregnancy exhibited differential methylation of cg26579032 in ALKBH3. Stressor-specific domains of conflict with family/friends, abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), and death of a close friend/relative were also associated with differential methylation of CpGs in APTX, MyD88, and both UHRF1 and SDCCAG8, respectively; these genes are implicated in neurodegeneration, immune and cellular functions, regulation of global methylation levels, metabolism, and schizophrenia risk. Thus, differences in DNA methylation at these loci may provide novel insights into potential mechanisms of neurodevelopment in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotsakis Ruehlmann
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sara Sammallahti
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry and Psychology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea P Cortés Hidalgo
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry and Psychology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Megan Loraine Campbell
- University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry and Psychology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Dieckmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - John Dou
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thanh T Hoang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Lotte C Houtepen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; and UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Maria C Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Fertility and Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulia Mancano
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa H Mulder
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian M Page
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Röder
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tabea S Send
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gemma Sharp
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; and UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Tuhkanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health & SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rosalind Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kelly J Brunst
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Cosco TD, Best JR, Hopper S. On prospective resilience methods and precision medicine approaches. Int Psychogeriatr 2023:1-2. [PMID: 37994539 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore D Cosco
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John R Best
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawna Hopper
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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de Maat DA, Lucassen N, Shiner RL, Prinzie P. A person-centered approach to resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood: Predictions from parenting and personality in adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1913-1928. [PMID: 35957570 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful life events. Additionally, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' parenting and participants' personality traits in adolescence predicted these profiles. Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development (N = 346 families) were used. At T1 (2004; Mage = 11 years), T2 (2007), and T3 (2009), mothers and fathers reported on their parenting and their child's personality. At T4 (2018; Mage = 25 years), emerging adults retrospectively self-reported the occurrence and impact of 22 stressful life events and rated current behavior problems and subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Competent (71%; low stress, low behavior problems, high subjective well-being), Vulnerable (21%; average stress, high behavior problems, low subjective well-being), and Resilient (9%; high stress, average behavior problems, average subjective well-being). Emerging adults in the Resilient profile had experienced higher levels of maternal positive parenting and were less emotionally stable and conscientious than those in the Competent profile. Furthermore, emerging adults in the Vulnerable profile were less emotionally stable than their peers in the Competent profile. These findings reveal new insights into the heterogeneous patterns of emerging adults' adaptation following stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A de Maat
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Lucassen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L Shiner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Letcher P, Greenwood CJ, Macdonald JA, McIntosh J, Spry EA, Hutchinson D, O'Connor M, Biden EJ, Painter F, Olsson CM, Cleary J, Thomson KC, Olsson CA. Life course psychosocial precursors of parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A three-decade prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00675-4. [PMID: 37207948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been widespread interest in the implications of COVID-19 containment measures on the mental health of parents. Most of this research has focused on risk. Much less is known about resilience; yet such studies are key to protecting populations during major crises. Here we map precursors of resilience using life course data spanning three decades. METHODS The Australian Temperament Project commenced in 1983 and now follows three generations. Parents (N = 574, 59 % mothers) raising young children completed a COVID-19 specific module in the early (May-September 2020) and/or later (October-December, 2021) phases of the pandemic. Decades prior, parents had been assessed across a broad range of individual, relational and contextual risk and promotive factors during childhood (7-8 years to 11-12 years), adolescence (13-14 years to 17-18 years) and young adulthood (19-20 years to 27-28 years). Regressions examined the extent to which these factors predicted mental health resilience, operationalised as lower than expected anxiety and depressive symptoms during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic symptoms. RESULTS Parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently predicted by several factors assessed decades before the pandemic. These included lower ratings of internalising difficulties, less difficult temperament/personality traits and stressful life events, and higher ratings of relational health. LIMITATIONS The study included 37-39-year-old Australian parents with children age between 1 and 10 years. DISCUSSION Results identified psychosocial indicators across the early life course that, if replicated, could constitute targets for long-term investment to maximise mental health resilience during future pandemics and crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose Letcher
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer McIntosh
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebony J Biden
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felicity Painter
- La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joyce Cleary
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly C Thomson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of British Columbia, Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Zhu Y, Zhang G, Anme T. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience, and Emotional Problems in Young Chinese Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3028. [PMID: 36833720 PMCID: PMC9963758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resilience plays an important role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and children's health. Young children are often neglected in ACEs research and suffer from the negative consequences of ACEs. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between ACEs and emotional problems in young Chinese children and the moderating and mediating effect of resilience on this relationship. This study included young children at the beginning of their kindergarten year (n = 874, 42.80 ± 4.09 months) from Wuhu City, China, to examine the mediation and moderation effects of resilience on early-life ACEs and emotional problems. Our results show a positive direct effect of ACEs on emotional problems. Furthermore, a positive indirect effect of ACEs and emotional problems on resilience was found. A moderating effect of resilience was not observed in this study. Our findings (a) highlight the significance of paying more attention to early ACEs and revealing a better understanding of the effect of resilience on ACEs at an early age and (b) indicate that age-specific interventions should be provided to enhance young children's resilience when exposed to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Zhu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058577, Japan
| | - Gengli Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tokie Anme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058577, Japan
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Parajuli N, Shindhe M, Pradhan B. Effect of Surya Namaskara (Sun Salutation) on mental health, self-control and mindfulness of adolescent school children. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 50:101691. [PMID: 36375325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable portion of adolescent school children suffer from mental health problems. Low self-control and mindfulness are positively associated with poor mental health. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the effect of Surya Namaskara (SN) on mental health, self-control, and mindfulness among adolescent school children. METHODS Sixty-three (39 females) students (mean age = 14.24 years and SD = 0.42 years) in grade nine from a private school in India were recruited as study participants. The design of the present study was a non-randomized two arms design. Section A (N = 33) was selected as the intervention group, whereas section B (N = 30) was considered a control group. Students in the intervention group were given SN for two weeks. The participants were administered the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), and Mindfulness, Attention and Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A) questionnaires at the baseline and after two weeks of intervention. RESULTS The within-group comparison showed a significant main effect of time in MAAS-A scores. There was also a significant group by time interaction effect for BSCS and MAAS-A scores. Post-hoc analysis showed that the SN group has significantly higher post-BSCS and MAAS-A scores than the control group. Similarly, there was a significantly high BSCS score and MAAS-A score after SN intervention compared to their respective pre-scores. There was no significant change in the GHQ-12 scores in both groups in the pre-post comparison. CONCLUSION The present study showed that SN improves self-control and mindfulness in adolescent school children.
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15
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Cortes Hidalgo AP, Tiemeier H, Metcalf SA, Monninger M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Aggensteiner PM, Bakermans‑Kranenburg MJ, White T, Banaschewski T, van IJzendoorn MH, Holz NE. No robust evidence for an interaction between early-life adversity and protective factors on global and regional brain volumes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101166. [PMID: 36327649 PMCID: PMC9636055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity is associated with brain morphology and poor psychological outcomes, and evidence of protective factors counteracting childhood adversity effects on neurobiology is scarce. We examined the interplay of childhood adversity with protective factors in relation to brain morphology in two independent longitudinal cohorts, the Generation R Study (N = 3008) and the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS) (N = 179). Cumulative exposure to 12 adverse events was assessed across childhood until age 9 years in Generation R and 11 years in MARS. Protective factors (temperament, cognition, self-esteem, maternal sensitivity, friendship quality) were assessed at various time-points during childhood. Global brain volumes and volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate, medial orbitofrontal and rostral middle frontal cortices were assessed with anatomical scans at 10 years in Generation R and at 25 years in MARS. Childhood adversity was related to smaller cortical grey matter, cerebral white matter, and cerebellar volumes in children. Also, no buffering effects of protective factors on the association between adversity and the brain outcomes survived multiple testing correction. We found no robust evidence for an interaction between protective factors and childhood adversity on broad brain structural measures. Small interaction effects observed in one cohort only warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Correspondence to: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen A. Metcalf
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maximilian Monninger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal-M. Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marian J. Bakermans‑Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie E. Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Jiang Y, Harrison SE, Li X. Resilience-Based Intervention to Promote Mental and Behavioral Health in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:795-805. [PMID: 35934500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The resilience framework offers a powerful tool to study how individuals respond to adversity. Intervention efforts building on 40 years of resilience research show promise in promoting mental and behavioral health of children in the context of adversity. This paper provides an overview of resilience and resilience-based interventions on mental and behavioral health in children. The importance of understanding resilience through the lens of the socioecological systems theory is highlighted, and the potential benefit of multilevel interventions in promoting mental and behavioral health is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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17
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Güzelsoy N, Ravens-Sieberer U, Westenhöfer J, Devine J, Erhart M, Hölling H, Kaman A. Risks and Resources for Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Results of the Longitudinal COPSY Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:901783. [PMID: 35873222 PMCID: PMC9301280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.901783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic is of particularly high relevance. Especially for children and adolescents, the pandemic and its restrictions represent a significant burden. The present study aims to identify risks and resources for depressive symptoms and anxiety in children and adolescents during the pandemic in Germany. Materials and Methods Self-reported data from the first wave of the longitudinal COVID-19 and Psychological Health (COPSY) study were used to investigate risks and resources among n = 811 children and adolescents aged 11-17 years. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were measured at the first follow-up 6 months later. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of risks and resources on depressive symptoms and anxiety. Results Parental depressive symptoms predicted depressive symptoms and anxiety in children and adolescents 6 months later. Female gender was identified as a risk factor for anxiety during the pandemic. None of the potential resources were associated with depressive symptoms or anxiety at the follow-up. Conclusion The findings provide evidence of risk factors for depressive symptoms and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and adolescents who face risk factors need to be identified early and monitored during the pandemic. Family-based intervention programs are needed to help vulnerable children and adolescents cope with the challenges of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Güzelsoy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Competence Center Health, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Westenhöfer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Competence Center Health, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janine Devine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Public Health, Alice Salomon University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Apollon University of Applied Science, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Psychological resilience and diurnal salivary cortisol in young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105736. [PMID: 35339812 PMCID: PMC9081221 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adversity exposure and the negative psychological responses that often result have been linked with poor physical health outcomes and deteriorative physiological processes, like dysregulated circulating cortisol. Individuals exposed to early adversity who also demonstrate positive psychological functioning may be characterized as psychologically resilient, but few studies have evaluated whether psychological resilience may disrupt the health-damaging effects of adversity. We tested the hypothesis that among young adults exposed to early adversity, those who are psychologically resilient may manifest more normative diurnal cortisol patterns relative to those who experience more psychological distress. METHODS Data are from Growing Up Today Study I participants who provided information on psychological resilience and diurnal salivary cortisol (n = 916). Psychological resilience was derived from self-report questionnaires administered between 2007 and 2010, and salivary cortisol was obtained from saliva samples collected between 2011 and 2014. The predictor of interest, psychological resilience, was defined using two domains: (1) adversity exposure measured via a count of 7 potential psychosocial adversities experienced before age 18, and (2) psychological health in young adulthood measured via a composite score reflecting low psychological distress and high positive affect. The outcome was mean log-transformed diurnal salivary cortisol across 4 samples from one day. Linear regressions evaluated associations of adversity, psychological health, and their potential multiplicative interaction with mean diurnal log-transformed cortisol, adjusting for baseline socio-demographic variables and biological and behavioral factors from the day of saliva sampling. RESULTS Relatively few individuals with high adversity demonstrated positive psychological health. Both adversity exposure and psychological health were independently associated with mean log cortisol levels. Models stratified by lower versus higher adversity suggested complex relationships with cortisol, however the interaction between adversity and psychological health was not statistically significant. High adversity was associated with blunted cortisol levels, regardless of psychological health. Conversely, among those with lower adversity, overall levels of cortisol were higher and psychological health associated with more normative, lower cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience domains were independently associated with diurnal salivary cortisol in young adulthood. High burden of early adversity may disrupt the physiological stress system, while psychological health may be associated with more normative cortisol levels when adversity is low.
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19
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Investigating emotion regulation and social information processing as mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences with psychosocial functioning in young swiss adults: the FACE epidemiological accelerated cohort study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:99. [PMID: 35410310 PMCID: PMC8996489 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences increase the risk for psychological disorders and lower psychosocial functioning across the lifespan. However, less is known about the processes through which ACE are linked to multiple negative outcomes. The aim of the FACE epidemiological study is to investigate emotion regulation (emotional reactivity, perseverative thinking and self-efficacy for managing emotions) and social information processing (rejection sensitivity, interpretation biases and social understanding) as potential mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial functioning in a large population sample of young adults. It is embedded in a larger project that also includes an ecological momentary assessment of emotion regulation and social information processing and informs the development and evaluation of an online self-help intervention for young adults with a history of ACE. Methods The study plans to recruit 5000 young adults aged 18 to 21 from the German-speaking Swiss population. Addresses are provided by Swiss Federal Statistical Office and participants are invited by mail to complete a self-report online survey. If the targeted sample size will not be reached, a second additional sample will be recruited via educational facilities such as universities or teacher training colleges or military training schools. Three follow-ups are planned after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, resulting in ages 18–24 being covered. The main exposure variable is self-reported adverse childhood experiences before the age of 18, measured at the baseline. Primary outcomes are psychosocial functioning across the study period. Secondary outcomes are social information processing, emotion regulation and health care service use. Statistical analyses include a range of latent variable models to identify patterns of adverse childhood experiences and patterns and trajectories of psychosocial adaptation. Discussion The results will contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that link ACE with psychosocial functioning which is crucial for an improved insight into risk and resilience processes and for tailoring interventions. Furthermore, the identification of factors that facilitate or hinder service use among young adults with ACE informs healthcare policies and the provision of appropriate healthcare services. Trial registration number: NCT05122988. The study was reviewed and authorized by the ethical committee of Northwestern and Central Switzerland (BASEC number 2021-01204).
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Cahill S, Hager R, Chandola T. The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:18. [PMID: 35232481 PMCID: PMC8889660 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial functioning that remains after accounting for adversity exposure. However, there have been no published studies that have formally investigated the validity of this approach. Considering this, we examine the construct and predictive validity of the residuals approach using participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a multigenerational, longitudinal cohort study. METHODS We regressed exposures of adolescent adversity on adolescent psychopathology scores using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and obtained the residual variance. We investigated construct validity by analysing whether previously identified demographic and resilience factors significantly predicted resilience. Predictive validity of resilience was investigated by comparing the predictive power of resilience with other determinants of psychosocial functioning on two developmental outcomes: depressive symptoms at 18 years, measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status at 17 and 23 years. The associations between depressive symptoms at 18, resilience, ACEs and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression. NEET status at 17 and 23 were run as separate binary multiple logistic regression models to test associations with resilience and known demographics previously associated with NEET status. RESULTS Seven previously identified protective factors, including self-esteem, positive sibling relationship, temperament, and positive perception of school, significantly predicted resilience to adolescent psychopathology, thus providing strong construct validity. Resilience significantly predicted a reduction in depressive symptoms at 18 years, and significantly decreased the likelihood of having NEET status at both 17 years and 23 years, even after taking into account early childhood adversity and other risk factors. None of the socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the residuals method of operationalising resilience has good construct and predictive validity yet recommend replication studies. It has the potential to advance research into the mechanisms and modifiability of resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Methods Hub, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Cognitive mechanisms predicting resilient functioning in adolescence: Evidence from the CogBIAS longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:345-353. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResilience is a dynamic process depicted by better than expected levels of functioning in response to significant adversity. This can be assessed statistically, by taking the residuals from a model of psychological functioning regressed onto negative life events. We report the first study to investigate multiple cognitive factors in relation to this depiction of resilient functioning. Life events, internalizing symptoms, and a range of cognitive risk and protective factors were assessed in a large sample of adolescents (N = 504) across three waves spaced 12–18 months apart. Adolescents who displayed fewer symptoms than expected, relative to negative life events, were considered more resilient. Adolescents who displayed more symptoms than expected, relative to negative life events, were considered less resilient. All cognitive factors were associated with resilient functioning to differing degrees. These included memory bias, interpretation bias, worry, rumination, self-esteem, and self-reported trait resilience. Regression models showed that memory bias was a key factor explaining unique variance in prospective resilient functioning. In a subsequent cross-lagged panel model, memory bias and resilient functioning were reinforcing mechanisms across time points, supporting cognitive models of emotional resilience. This study adds to the literature, by highlighting key cognitive mechanisms as potential intervention targets
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22
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Faizi M, Rochmah N, Irwanto I, Soelistiyo I, Hisbiyah Y, Perwitasari RK. Risk Factors for Psychosocial Disorders in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical therapy; thus, it has become a psychosocial stressor associated with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic is also an additional stressor in addition to chronic physical illness, biological factors, cognitive factors, environment, age, parental education, parents’ occupations, and family income. Thus, in this study, we aim to analyze the risk factors for psychosocial disorders among children with CAH. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2021 at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and medical records and then analyzed via univariate and bivariate analyses using chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test). Result: In total, 30 children were enrolled in this study, among which 8 (26.7%) had emotional disorders, 5 (16.7%) had behavioral disorders, and most (83.3%) did not have hyperactivity/attention disorders. It was found that 8 children (26.7%) had problems with peer relationships, whereas most (83.3%) did not experience prosocial disorders. Family income (p-value = 0.032, CI = 95%) and hyperactivity (p-value = 0.019, CI = 95%) were found to be significantly correlated to conduct problems. Conclusions: Family income, behavioral disorders, and hyperactivity/attention disorders were identified as risk factors for psychosocial disorders in children with CAH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Greenwood CJ, Youssef GJ, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Letcher P, Macdonald JA, Hutchinson DM, Spry EA, Sanson A, Toumbourou JW, Biden EJ, Olsson CA. Psychosocial predictors of binge-drinking residual harm in adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from the Australian Temperament Project. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108864. [PMID: 34245998 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examine the extent to which adolescent and young adult psychosocial factors are associated with variation in the experience of common types of harm (e.g., injuries, violence, sexual regrets) with respect to binge-drinking frequency - termed residual harm. METHODS Data were from the Australian Temperament Project, a population-based cohort study that has followed a sample of young Australians from infancy to adulthood since 1983. The current sample comprised 1,081 (565 women). Residual harm was operationalised by saving residuals from models regressing number of alcohol harms onto binge-drinking frequency at each of 5 waves, two in adolescence (15-16 and 17-18 years) and three in young adulthood (19-20, 23-24, and 27-28 years). Psychosocial factors (mental health, social skills, quality of parent and peer relationships) were assessed prior to binge drinking in early adolescence (13-14 years) and then again in young adulthood (19-20 years). RESULTS Adolescent predictors of decreased residual harm were lower depressive symptoms, and higher cooperation, self-control, and peer and parent attachment. Young adult predictors of decreased residual harm were lower depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and peer and parent negative appraisal, and higher responsibility, and peer and parent emotional support. Associations were evident in males and females, although the strength of some associations diminished with age. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young adults with better mental health, social skills, and relationship quality experienced less harm with respect to their binge-drinking frequency. Future research should examine the potential of investment in strength-based interventions for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Greenwood
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - G J Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - P Letcher
- University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - J A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - D M Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - E A Spry
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Sanson
- University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - J W Toumbourou
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E J Biden
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
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de Maat DA, Schuurmans IK, Jongerling J, Metcalf SA, Lucassen N, Franken IHA, Prinzie P, Jansen PW. Early life stress and behavior problems in early childhood: Investigating the contributions of child temperament and executive functions to resilience. Child Dev 2021; 93:e1-e16. [PMID: 34448495 PMCID: PMC9291511 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This preregistered study examined whether child temperament and executive functions moderated the longitudinal association between early life stress (ELS) and behavior problems. In a Dutch population-based cohort (n = 2803), parents reported on multiple stressors (age 0-6 years), child temperament (age 5), and executive functions (age 4), and teachers rated child internalizing and externalizing problems (age 7). Results showed that greater ELS was related to higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, with betas reflecting small effects. Lower surgency buffered the positive association of ELS with externalizing problems, while better shifting capacities weakened the positive association between ELS and internalizing problems. Other child characteristics did not act as moderators. Findings underscore the importance of examining multiple protective factors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A de Maat
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel K Schuurmans
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joran Jongerling
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen A Metcalf
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Lucassen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Licata‐Dandel M, Wenzel AS, Kristen‐Antonow S, Sodian B. Predicting child problem behaviour at school age: The role of maternal sensitivity, child temperament and theory of mind. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Parkes A, Green M, Pearce A. Can centre-based childcare buffer against the negative effects of family adversity on child socio-emotional wellbeing? Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:474-481. [PMID: 33550396 PMCID: PMC7611253 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different configurations of family adversity affect children’s socio-emotional development differently; however, we lack knowledge of moderators amenable to policy intervention. This study explored whether early childhood centre-based childcare moderated the impact of family adversity configurations on socio-emotional development. Methods Data were from the Growing Up in Scotland first birth cohort, born 2004–05. Latent class analysis of 19 early childhood family adversity indicators identified four classes: ‘Low Risk’ (68%), ‘Poor Maternal Health’ (16.5%), ‘Economic Hardship’ (10.0%) and ‘Multiple Adversities’ (5.5%). Latent growth models of externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories (age 46–152 months, n = 3561) by family adversity controlled for confounding. Moderation by centre-based childcare use was examined through stratification. Results Compared to ‘Low Risk’, high-risk classes had more externalizing and internalizing symptoms and internalizing symptoms increased at a faster rate, with ‘Multiple Adversities’ faring worst. The effects of ‘Economic Hardship’ on change in externalizing symptoms over time varied by childcare (P = 0.035): relative to the Low Risk group, symptoms increased (+0.04 points/year) among those not using childcare, and decreased (–0.09 points/year) among those who did. The effect of ‘Multiple Adversities’ on internalizing symptoms also varied (P = 0.034): +0.12 without centre-based childcare; +0.33 with centre-based childcare (patterns were similar for externalizing symptoms but with wide confidence intervals). No moderation was found by ‘Poor Maternal Health’. Conclusions Centre-based childcare may alleviate disadvantages in socio-emotional wellbeing for children experiencing mainly economic hardship, but may exacerbate them for those experiencing multiple adversities. A better understanding of how early years’ services can support families with complex needs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Parkes
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Green
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Pearce
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Cohen JR, Choi JW, Thakur H, Temple JR. Psychological Distress and Well-Being in Trauma-Exposed Adolescents: A Residualized, Person-Centered Approach to Resilience. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:487-500. [PMID: 33370482 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive adaptation manifests differently in the aftermath of traumatic events. Methodological limitations, however, impede the ability to test conceptualizations of resilience that emphasize the multifaceted nature of these responses. In response, an approach that synthesized a residualized and person-centered conceptualization of resilience examined associations between aspects of resilience in an adolescent sample. In total, 584 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (age range: 12-17 years; M = 14.98 years; SD = 1.05; 50.9% female; 30.1% White, 29.6% African American, 19.5% Hispanic) self-reported lifetime emotional maltreatment and community violence exposure as well as current levels of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), violent behavior, and psychological well-being (PWB). Each mental health outcome was regressed on lifetime trauma exposure to create residuals used as indices of resilience. Correlations between the residuals suggested that PWB was more closely related to resilience to depression and PTS, rs = .17-.30, than violent behavior, r = .00. Residuals were subsequently entered into person-centered analyses to identify representative well-being profiles. Cluster analysis identified four groups, including two adaptive profiles defined by (a) lower distress and higher PWB and (b) lower psychopathology and lower PWB, based on adolescents' levels of trauma exposure. These two profiles did not vary regarding impairment, p > .999, suggesting both profiles represent positive adaption to lifetime trauma exposure. Theoretical and clinical implications of distinguishing between these two profiles by assessing PWB in adolescents are discussed, as well as how PWB may manifest within the context of different patterns of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jae Wan Choi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hena Thakur
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Rodrigues M, Sokolovic N, Madigan S, Luo Y, Silva V, Misra S, Jenkins J. Paternal Sensitivity and Children's Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review. Child Dev 2021; 92:554-577. [PMID: 33511634 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In a series of meta-analyses, paternal sensitivity was associated with children's (age range: 7 months-9 years) overall cognitive functioning (N = 3,193; k = 23; r = .19), including language skills (k = 9; r = .21), cognitive ability (k = 9; r = .18), and executive function (k = 8; r = .19). Paternal sensitivity was not associated with children's overall socioemotional functioning (N = 2,924; k = 24; r = -.03) or internalizing problems, but it was associated with children's emotion regulation (k = 7; r = .22) and externalizing problems (k = 19; r = -.08). In the broad cognitive functioning, executive function, broad socioemotional functioning, and externalizing problems meta-analyses, child age was a significant moderator.
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Van Der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Varley D, Allgar VL, de Beurs E. Workplace Stress, Presenteeism, Absenteeism, and Resilience Amongst University Staff and Students in the COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588803. [PMID: 33329135 PMCID: PMC7728738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explored how the COVID-19 outbreak and arrangements such as remote working and furlough affect work or study stress levels and functioning in staff and students at the University of York, UK. Methods: An invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to all University of York staff and students in May-June 2020. We measured stress levels [VAS-scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)], mental health [anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9)], physical health (PHQ-15, chronic medical conditions checklist), presenteeism, and absenteeism levels (iPCQ). We explored demographic and other characteristics as factors which may contribute to resilience and vulnerability for the impact of COVID-19 on stress. Results: One thousand and fifty five staff and nine hundred and twenty five students completed the survey. Ninety-eight per cent of staff and seventy-eight per cent of students worked or studied remotely. 7% of staff and 10% of students reported sickness absence. 26% of staff and 40% of the students experienced presenteeism. 22-24% of staff reported clinical-level anxiety and depression scores, and 37.2 and 46.5% of students. Staff experienced high stress levels due to COVID-19 (66.2%, labeled vulnerable) and 33.8% experienced low stress levels (labeled resilient). Students were 71.7% resilient vs. 28.3% non-resilient. Predictors of vulnerability in staff were having children [OR = 2.23; CI (95) = 1.63-3.04] and social isolation [OR = 1.97; CI (95) = 1.39-2.79] and in students, being female [OR = 1.62; CI (95) = 1.14-2.28], having children [OR = 2.04; CI (95) = 1.11-3.72], and social isolation [OR = 1.78; CI (95) = 1.25-2.52]. Resilience was predicted by exercise in staff [OR = 0.83; CI (95) = 0.73-0.94] and in students [OR = 0.85; CI (95) = 0.75-0.97]. Discussion: University staff and students reported high psychological distress, presenteeism and absenteeism. However, 33.8% of staff and 71.7% of the students were resilient. Amongst others, female gender, having children, and having to self-isolate contributed to vulnerability. Exercise contributed to resilience. Conclusion: Resilience occurred much more often in students than in staff, although psychological distress was much higher in students. This suggests that predictors of resilience may differ from psychological distress per se. Hence, interventions to improve resilience should not only address psychological distress but may also address other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Varley
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Allgar
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin de Beurs
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Sticca F, Wustmann Seiler C, Gasser-Haas O. Familial Risk Factors and Emotional Problems in Early Childhood: The Promotive and Protective Role of Children's Self-Efficacy and Self-Concept. Front Psychol 2020; 11:547368. [PMID: 33329179 PMCID: PMC7732522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.547368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the promotive and protective role of general self-efficacy and positive self-concept in the context of the effects of early familial risk factors on children’s development of emotional problems from early to middle childhood. A total of 293 (T1; Mage = 2.81), 239 (T2; Mage = 3.76), and 189 (T3; Mage = 9.69) children from 25 childcare centers took part in the present study. Fourteen familial risk factors were assessed at T1 using an interview and a questionnaire that were administered to children’s primary caregivers. These 14 familial risk factors were used to compute a familial risk factors score. Primary caregivers also reported on their children’s emotional problems at T2 and T3 and on their children’s general self-efficacy at T2. Children reported on their positive self-concept at T2. Results showed that early familial risk factors were positively associated with emotional problems in the short and long term, although the long-term effect was small and non-significant. Further, the pattern of effect sizes of both promotive and protective effects of general self-efficacy as well as positive self-concept was found to be consistent in the short term. However, in the long term, no consistent support for either the promotive or the protective role of general self-efficacy or positive self-concept was found. These results suggest that general self-efficacy and positive self-concept might contribute to promote mental health and to protect from undesired effects of familial risk factors in the short term. Possible reasons for a lack of long-term effects are discussed along with practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sticca
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Wustmann Seiler
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pre-Primary and Lower Primary Level, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Gasser-Haas
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Thakur H, Cohen JR. Short-Term and Long-Term Resilience Among At-Risk Adolescents: The Role of Family and Community Settings. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 51:637-650. [PMID: 32412311 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1756296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Given the severe consequences associated with maltreatment, establishing an understanding of pathways to resilience among trauma-exposed youth is a critical public health aim. Longitudinal research has either examined short-term or long-term responses to traumatic events, which prevents testing for a) individual differences between resilience subtypes and b) consistency of short-term, resilient responses over time. Additionally, post-traumatic stress and depression represent the two most common symptom patterns in youth exposed to maltreatment, however few studies have simultaneously investigated resilience to these outcomes. In response, the current study employs a dimensional analytic approach to distinguish between short-term (the ability to demonstrate adaptive responses to ongoing adversities) and long-term (lack of distress over several years in response to a prior adversity) resilience. Consistent with an ecological perspective, the study examines whether family- and community-level protective factors are similarly or uniquely associated with different resilience subtypes.Method: Participants included 943 individuals (469 male, 474 female) from a nationally-representative, at-risk sample of adolescents who completed self-report measures of maltreatment exposure, depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms at ages 12, 16, and 18. During the age 12 visit, participants' caregivers completed self-report measures of family routines and neighborhood social cohesion.Results: Overall, we found that family routines uniquely buffered against trauma-related distress across resilience conceptualizations, while social cohesion played a role in short-term resilience to depressive symptoms (p <.05). Participant gender did not moderate these results (p > .05).Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of understanding resilience dimensionally for adolescents exposed to maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Thakur
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Johnstone KM, Middleton T, Kemps E, Chen J. A pilot investigation of universal school‐based prevention programs for anxiety and depression symptomology in children: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1193-1216. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracey Middleton
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Junwen Chen
- Research School of Psychology Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Peters I, Handley T, Oakley K, Lutkin S, Perkins D. Social determinants of psychological wellness for children and adolescents in rural NSW. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1616. [PMID: 31791290 PMCID: PMC6889592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mental wellness of children and adolescents in rural Australia is under researched and key to understanding the long-term mental health outcomes for rural communities. This analysis used data from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS), particularly the parent report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measure for children under 18 years old and their reporting parent’s demographic information to compare this sample’s mental wellness scores to the Australian norms and to identify what personal, family, community and rurality factors contribute to child mental wellness as pertaining to the SDQ total and subdomain scores. Method Five hundred thirty-nine children from 294 families from rural NSW were included. SDQ scores for each child as well as personal factors (sex and age), family factors (employment status, household income and sense of community of responding parent), community SES (IRSAD) and rurality (ASCG) were examined. Results Children and adolescents from rural areas had poorer mental wellness when compared to a normative Australian sample. Further, personal and family factors were significant predictors of the psychological wellness of children and adolescents, while after controlling for other factors, community SES and level of rurality did not contribute significantly. Conclusions Early intervention for children and families living in rural and remote communities is warranted particularly for low income families. There is a growing need for affordable, universal and accessible services provided in a timely way to balance the discrepancy of mental wellness scores between rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonelle Handley
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Oakley
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Lutkin
- School of Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - David Perkins
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW, Australia
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Wu Y, Ding X, Zhang J, Qu G, Sun Y. Dynamics and predictors of resilience in Chinese rural children: a follow-up study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 25:855-866. [PMID: 31623456 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1679848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempted to investigate dynamics and predictors of resilience amongst Chinese children using prospective data. Totally 816 children completed the resilience measurement at baseline and one-year follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between high resilience and predictor variables. Mean resilience scores increased during the one-year follow-up (t = -2.35, P = 0.019). Although the proportions of high and low resilience were relatively stable, whereas 28% of children had inconsistent resilience level during the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants' parents having secondary school (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.14-2.44) or higher (aOR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.51-4.24) education level, and high quality of life (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.20-2.73) were positively associated with high resilience, whereas moderate family function obstacles (aOR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.34-0.67), abuse experience (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.50-0.92), and significant depression symptoms (aOR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.28-0.77) were negatively associated with high resilience. Results highlight that resilience levels were not merely static trait and improved over one year among Chinese children. Findings would deepen understanding of resilience change and provide potential targets of resilience-focused intervention in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Lianhua Community Health Service Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
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35
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Jones L. Adversity and resilience: 10 lessons I have learnt from working with children in humanitarian emergencies. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:833-836. [PMID: 30104391 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Jones
- Fellow, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Honorary Consultant, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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36
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Cosco TD, Kok A, Wister A, Howse K. Conceptualising and operationalising resilience in older adults. Health Psychol Behav Med 2019; 7:90-104. [PMID: 34040841 PMCID: PMC8114384 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1593845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: As a result of increases in life expectancy and decreases in fertility, the proportion of the population entering later life has increased dramatically in recent decades. When faced with age-related challenges, some older adults respond more positively to adversity than would be expected given the level of adversity that they have experienced, demonstrating 'resilience'. Objectives: Having a clear conceptual framework for resilience is a prerequisite to operationalising resilience in a research context. Methods: Here we compare and contrast several approaches to the operationalisation of resilience: psychometric-driven and data-driven (variable-centred and individual-centred) methods. Results: Psychometric-driven methods involve the administration of established questionnaires aimed at quantifying resilience. Data-driven techniques use statistical procedures to examine and/or operationalise resilience and can be broadly categorised into variable-centred methods, i.e. interaction and residuals, and individual-centred methods, i.e. categorical and latent class. Conclusions: The specific question(s) driving the research and the nature of the variables a researcher intends to use in their adversity-outcome dyad will largely dictate which methods are more (or less) appropriate in that circumstance. A measured approach to the ways in which resilience is investigated is warranted in order to facilitate the most useful application of this burgeoning field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore D Cosco
- Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
- Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Almar Kok
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wister
- Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kenneth Howse
- Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Hendriks T, Schotanus-Dijkstra M, Hassankhan A, Sardjo W, Graafsma T, Bohlmeijer E, de Jong J. Resilience and well-being in the Caribbean: Findings from a randomized controlled trial of a culturally adapted multi-component positive psychology intervention. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1590624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hendriks
- Department of Psychology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research (CEWR), Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aabidien Hassankhan
- Department of Psychology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Wantley Sardjo
- Department of Psychology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Tobi Graafsma
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ernst Bohlmeijer
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research (CEWR), Enschede, The Netherlands
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Fogarty A, Giallo R, Wood C, Kaufman J, Brown S. Emotional-behavioral resilience and competence in preschool children exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence in early life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419830241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during childhood is a risk factor for poor emotional-behavioral functioning. Despite this, many children show resilience in the face of IPV exposure. The current study aimed to identify characteristics associated with positive emotional-behavioral outcomes in 4-year-old children exposed to IPV in early life. Data were drawn from the Maternal Health Study (MHS), a prospective study of women during pregnancy and following the birth of their first child. Women were recruited from six Melbourne public hospitals between 2003 and 2005. Mother–child dyads ( n = 1060) were included in the study using data collected during pregnancy; 12 months postpartum; and four years postpartum. Of the children exposed to IPV in early life, 38% displayed emotional-behavioral resilience at four years. Maternal physical wellbeing, mothers’ return to work or study and no exposure to IPV at four years were associated with child resilience. These results highlighted the importance of prioritizing mothers’ physical wellbeing and access to employment in promoting positive outcomes for their children. The results also reinforced the significant role of early intervention; when exposure to IPV stops at an early age, children are more likely to experience emotional-behavioral resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fogarty
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Wood
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Testing the indirect effects of somatic and parental effort on stress: the roles of worldviews and coping strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLife history theory (LHT) is a mid-level theory from evolutionary biology. LHT, adapted to humans, assumes that individuals can be placed along a single continuum of LH strategies referred to as the slow-to-fast LH continuum: faster life history strategists score higher on mating effort and lower on somatic and parental effort. In the present study we examine the hypothesis that worldview and coping strategies are mediators between somatic and parental effort (SPE) and current perceived stress. 226 participants completed a set of instruments: Mini-K, the World Assumptions Scale, Brief COPE, and the Perceived Stress Scale. In order to test the hypotheses about mediators, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The results from the current study showed that individuals allocating their own resources to SPE experienced lower current stress, and felt positive about the benevolence and meaningfulness of the world as well as the worthiness of the self. A more complex linkage was also revealed: individuals displaying SPE endorsed stronger beliefs about self-worth, which in turn was associated with a lower tendency to use disengagement coping and which again translated into a lower level of perceived stress. Furthermore, females investing in SPE maintained a higher level of belief in the meaningfulness of the world, which translated into a higher tendency to use external support for coping.
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Socioeconomic inequalities in resilience and vulnerability among older adults: a population-based birth cohort analysis. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:695-703. [PMID: 29113612 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610217002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Aging is associated with declines in physical capability; however, some individuals demonstrate high well-being despite this decline, i.e. they are "resilient." We examined socioeconomic position (SEP) and resilience and the influence of potentially modifiable behavioral resources, i.e. social support and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), on these relationships. METHODS Data came from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally-representative birth cohort study. Resilience-vulnerability at age 60-64 years (n = 1,756) was operationalized as the difference between observed and expected levels of well-being, captured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), given the level of performance-based physical capability. SEP was assessed by father's and own social class, parental education, and intergenerational social mobility. PA and structural/functional social support were reported at ages 53 years and 60-64 years. Path analysis was used to examine mediation of SEP and resilience-vulnerability through LTPA and social support. RESULTS Participants in the highest social class had scores on the resilience to vulnerability continuum that were an average of 2.3 units (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.17, 0.75) higher than those in the lowest social class. Greater LTPA (β = 0.58, 95% CI 0.31, 0.85) and social support (β = 3.27, 95% CI 2.90, 3.63) were associated with greater resilience; LTPA partly mediated participant social class and resilience (23.4% of variance). CONCLUSIONS Adult socioeconomic advantage was associated with greater resilience. Initiatives to increase LTPA may contribute to reducing socioeconomic inequalities in this form of resilience in later life.
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Oldfield J, Stevenson A, Ortiz E, Haley B. Promoting or suppressing resilience to mental health outcomes in at risk young people: The role of parental and peer attachment and school connectedness. J Adolesc 2018; 64:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van Harmelen AL, Kievit RA, Ioannidis K, Neufeld S, Jones PB, Bullmore E, Dolan R, Fonagy P, Goodyer I. Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2312-2322. [PMID: 28397612 PMCID: PMC5820532 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a key time period for the emergence of psychosocial and mental health difficulties. To promote adolescent adaptive ('resilient') psychosocial functioning (PSF), appropriate conceptualisation and quantification of such functioning and its predictors is a crucial first step. Here, we quantify resilient functioning as the degree to which an individual functions better or worse than expected given their self-reported childhood family experiences, and relate this to adolescent family and friendship support. METHOD We used Principal Component and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between childhood family experiences and PSF (psychiatric symptomatology, personality traits and mental wellbeing) in healthy adolescents (the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network; N = 2389; ages 14-24). Residuals from the relation between childhood family experiences and PSF reflect resilient functioning; the degree to which an individual is functioning better, or worse, than expected given their childhood family experiences. Next, we relate family and friendship support with resilient functioning both cross-sectionally and 1 year later. RESULTS Friendship and family support were positive predictors of immediate resilient PSF, with friendship support being the strongest predictor. However, whereas friendship support was a significant positive predictor of later resilient functioning, family support had a negative relationship with later resilient PSF. CONCLUSIONS We show that friendship support, but not family support, is an important positive predictor of both immediate and later resilient PSF in adolescence and early adulthood. Interventions that promote the skills needed to acquire and sustain adolescent friendships may be crucial in increasing adolescent resilient PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. A. Kievit
- Medical Research Council,
Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit,
Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome trust Center for Neuroimaging, University
College London, London, UK
| | - K. Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - S. Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - P. B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - E. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - R. Dolan
- Wellcome trust Center for Neuroimaging, University
College London, London, UK
| | - The NSPN Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Wellcome trust Center for Neuroimaging, University
College London, London, UK
| | - P. Fonagy
- Department of Clinical,
Educational and Health Psychology, University College
London, London, UK
| | - I. Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
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Moon JR, Song J, Huh J, Kang IS, Park SW, Chang SA, Yang JH, Jun TG. The Relationship between Parental Rearing Behavior, Resilience, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28944224 PMCID: PMC5596069 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Parental rearing behavior is one factor that influences the strength of resilience. In turn, resilience influences depression. However, it is unclear whether resilience has a mediating effect on the relationship between parental rearing and depression in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, the associations between parental rearing behavior and resilience and between rearing behavior and symptoms of depression were investigated with respect to age, gender and disease severity. Subjects and methods Patients completed a parental rearing behavior questionnaire, a resilience scale and the Children’s Depression Inventory during a routine clinic visit. Structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation was used to analyze the data. Results The median age of the 180 patients included in the study was 17.8 years, and 64% were male. Lower resilience was found to be associated with overprotection, punishment, rejection, and control. There was a strong relationship between resilience and symptoms of depression. Resilience varied according to gender, age group, and disease severity. Conclusion Parental rearing behaviors such as emotional warmth, rejection, punishment, control, and overprotection have a significant influence on adolescent’s resilience. When developing intervention programs to increase resilience and reduce depression in adolescents with CHD, parenting attitudes, gender, age, and CHD severity should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ryoung Moon
- Department of Nursing, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Pediatrics, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-Seok Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-A Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Gook Jun
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang S, Sanderson K, Venn A, Dwyer T, Gall S. Association between childhood health, socioeconomic and school-related factors and effort-reward imbalance at work: a 25-year follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:37-45. [PMID: 28780567 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress pathways can have origins in childhood, but few early predictors have been explored in relation to adult job stress. This study examined whether childhood school, health or socioeconomic factors were associated with adult job stress. METHODS Data came from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study that began in 1985 with children aged 7-15 years who reported effortreward imbalance (ERI) scales at ages 31-41 years. Linear regression assessed the association between childhood factors and adult ERI adjusted for age and socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and adulthood. RESULTS There were between 999 and 1390 participants in each analysis. Lower adulthood ERI, indicating less job stress, was predicted by several school-related factors in men. For example, each higher category of learner self-concept was associated with a 19% (95% CI - 32% to 6%) reduction in adult ERI, and each unit increase in academic attainment was associated with a 15% (95% CI -28% to 3%) reduction in adult ERI. Childhood health was associated with adult ERI. For example, in women, overweight children had 14% (95% CI 5% to 22%) higher adult ERI scores compared with healthy weight children, and each unit of negative affect was associated with 2% (95% CI 1% to 4%) increase in adult ERI. Adult SEP had no effect on these associations for men but explained some of the effect in women. Childhood SEP had inconsistent associations with adult ERI. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a range of childhood socioeconomic, school- and health-related factors might contribute to the development of job stress in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kristy Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Giallo R, Gartland D, Woolhouse H, Mensah F, Westrupp E, Nicholson J, Brown S. Emotional–behavioral resilience among children of first-time mothers with and without depression across the early childhood period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025416687413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of maternal depression on child emotional and behavioral development are well documented, yet many children exposed to maternal depression experience positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial factors associated with the emotional–behavioral resilience of four-year-old children of first-time mothers experiencing depressive symptoms across the early childhood period. Data were from 1085 mother–child dyads in the Maternal Health Study collected prospectively at five time-points from pregnancy to child age four. Longitudinal trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were identified, and children were regarded as resilient or competent if they scored in the normal range on the Total Difficulties subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We found that 22% of women had a pattern of moderate to high depressive symptoms, and within this group 78% of their children were identified as resilient. Maternal tertiary education and maternal involvement in home learning activities were unique predictors of children’s resilience. Higher maternal age at the time of pregnancy and financial security were factors associated with positive outcomes for all children. The findings highlight the importance of policy and intervention efforts to strengthen the quality of maternal–child interactions and the home learning environment to promote the emotional and behavioral functioning of children whose mothers are experiencing mental health difficulties in the early years of parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Giallo
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Fiona Mensah
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Jan Nicholson
- La Trobe University Judith Lumley Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Agnafors S, Svedin CG, Oreland L, Bladh M, Comasco E, Sydsjö G. A Biopsychosocial Approach to Risk and Resilience on Behavior in Children Followed from Birth to Age 12. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:584-596. [PMID: 27628896 PMCID: PMC5487709 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of mental health problems calls for more knowledge into factors associated with resilience. The present study used multiple statistical methodologies to examine a biopsychosocial model of risk and resilience on preadolescence behavior. Data from 889 children and mothers from a birth cohort were used. An adversity score was created by combining maternal symptoms of depression, psychosocial risk and children's experiences of life events. The proposed resilience factors investigated were candidate genetic polymorphisms, child temperament, social functioning, and maternal sense of coherence. The l/l genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region was associated with lower internalizing scores, but not mainly related to the level of adversity. An easy temperament was associated with resilience for children exposed to high adversity. Social functioning was found to be promotive independent of the risk level. The results support a multiple-level model of resilience indicating effects, though small, of both biological and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Agnafors
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, IKE, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, IKE, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Whalen DJ, Luby JL, Tilman R, Mike A, Barch D, Belden AC. Latent class profiles of depressive symptoms from early to middle childhood: predictors, outcomes, and gender effects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:794-804. [PMID: 26748606 PMCID: PMC4914408 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little available data to inform the predictors and outcomes of latent class trajectories of depressive symptoms beginning during preschool and continuing throughout school age. Further, the extant literature in this domain has been limited by the use of parent report checklists of nonspecific 'internalizing' psychopathology rather than diagnostic interviews for depression. METHODS To address these gaps in the literature, this study applied growth mixture modeling to depressive symptom severity endorsed by children and/or their caregivers (N = 348) during a structured clinical interview in a 10-year longitudinal dataset spanning from preschool into late school age. RESULTS Three distinct trajectories of depressive symptom severity were found in boys and girls. For boys, but not girls, the high depression severity latent class increased in depressive symptoms from preschool through school age, followed by a decline in depressive symptom severity during later school age. For girls, the high depression severity latent class remained stable across time. Early childhood social adversity, familial history of affective disorder, preschool-onset ODD/CD, and school age functional impairment differentiated high-risk trajectory classes among both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Extending the literature on trajectories of depressive symptoms to the preschool period, these findings incorporate structured clinical interviews of depressive symptom severity and indicate gender differences as well as psychosocial predictors and functional outcomes among children in high severity latent classes. The findings from this study suggest that increased attention to screening for depressive symptoms in early childhood is of significant public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Tilman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Anissa Mike
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, MO, USA
| | - Deanna Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, MO, USA
| | - Andy C. Belden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
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48
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Franke HA. Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment. CHILDREN-BASEL 2014; 1:390-402. [PMID: 27417486 PMCID: PMC4928741 DOI: 10.3390/children1030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children who experience early life toxic stress are at risk of long-term adverse health effects that may not manifest until adulthood. This article briefly summarizes the findings in recent studies on toxic stress and childhood adversity following the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Report on the effects of toxic stress. A review of toxic stress and its effects is described, including factors of vulnerability, resilience, and the relaxation response. An integrative approach to the prevention and treatment of toxic stress necessitates individual, community and national focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Franke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85716, USA.
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Miller-Lewis LR, Sawyer ACP, Searle AK, Mittinty MN, Sawyer MG, Lynch JW. Student-teacher relationship trajectories and mental health problems in young children. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:27. [PMID: 25685350 PMCID: PMC4317136 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-014-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study classified groups of children experiencing different trajectories of student-teacher relationship quality over the transition from preschool into school, and determined the strength of the association between different student-teacher relationship trajectories and childhood mental health problems in the second year of primary school. METHODS A community sample of 460 Australian children were assessed in preschool (age 4), the first school year (age 5), and second school year (age 6). Teachers at all three assessments reported on student-teacher relationship quality with the Student Teacher Relationship Scale. When the children were at preschool and in their second school year, parents and teachers rated children's mental health problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Latent-class growth modelling identified two trajectories of student-teacher relationship quality: (1) a stable-high student-teacher relationship quality and (2) a moderate/declining student-teacher relationship quality trajectory. Generalised linear models found that after adjusting for family demographic characteristics, having a stable high quality student-teacher relationship trajectory was associated with fewer parent-rated and teacher-rated total mental health problems, and fewer conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems, and greater prosocial behaviour at age 6. A stable high quality trajectory was also associated with fewer teacher-rated, but not parent-rated emotional symptoms. These effects remained after adjustment for levels of mental health problems at age 4. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that early intervention and prevention strategies that focus on building stable high quality student-teacher relationships during preschool and children's transition into formal schooling, may help reduce rates of childhood mental health problems during the early school years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Miller-Lewis
- />Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- />Research and Evaluation Unit, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - Alyssa CP Sawyer
- />Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Amelia K Searle
- />Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- />Centre for Traumatic Stress Studies, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Murthy N Mittinty
- />Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Michael G Sawyer
- />Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- />Research and Evaluation Unit, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - John W Lynch
- />Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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