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Rosa L, Cook P, Pfeiffer RM, Kemp TJ, Hildesheim A, Pehlivanoglu B, Adsay V, Bellolio E, Araya JC, Pinto L, Ferreccio C, Aguayo G, Viñuela E, Koshiol J. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and inflammatory markers associated with gallbladder dysplasia: A case-control analysis within a series of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Int J Cancer 2025; 156:1380-1392. [PMID: 39482824 PMCID: PMC11789453 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, little is known about the associations of both, inflammation and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with preneoplastic lesions. We analyzed the association of NSAIDs and gallbladder dysplasia in 82 patients with dysplasia and 1843 patients with gallstones among symptomatic patients from a high-risk population. We also analyzed associations for 33 circulating immune-related proteins in a subsample of all 68 dysplasia cases diagnosed at the time of sample selection and 136 gallstone controls. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Biliary colic was reported among most cases (97.6%) and controls (83.9%). NSAID use was inversely associated with gallbladder dysplasia (OR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.26-0.83). Comparing the highest versus lowest category of each immune-related protein, eight proteins were inversely associated with dysplasia with sex- and age-adjusted ORs ranging from 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12-0.77) for IL-33 to 0.76 (95%CI: 0.59-0.99) for MIP-1B. Of those, GRO remained associated with dysplasia (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45-0.91) and BCA-1 was borderline associated (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.54-1.01) after adjusting the logistic regression model for sex, age, and NSAIDs. In conclusion, NSAID users were less likely to have gallbladder dysplasia, suggesting that NSAIDs might be beneficial for symptomatic gallstones patients. The inverse association between immune-related markers and dysplasia requires additional research, ideally in prospective studies with asymptomatic participants, to understand the role of the inflammatory response in the natural history of GBC and to address the biological effect of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosa
- Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic DiseasesUniversidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paz Cook
- Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic DiseasesUniversidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Troy J. Kemp
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | | | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of PathologyKoç University School of Medicine and Koç University Research Center for Translational MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Enrique Bellolio
- Departamento de Anatomía PatológicaUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChile
| | - Juan Carlos Araya
- Departamento de Anatomía PatológicaUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChile
- Departamento de PatologíaHospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez AravenaTemucoChile
| | - Ligia Pinto
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic DiseasesUniversidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Sótero del RíoSantiagoChile
| | - Eduardo Viñuela
- Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- UDA Hospital Sótero del Río, Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
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Wu W, Pei Y, Wang J, Liang Q, Chen W. Association of dietary quality indicators with gallstones in the US: NHANES 2017-2020. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:976. [PMID: 40075394 PMCID: PMC11905512 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary factors are known to influence gallstone development, the specific relationships between comprehensive dietary quality indicators and gallstone risk remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary quality indicators and gallstones using data from the 2017 to 2020 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS A total of 6,623 US adults were extracted from the 2017-2020 NHANES, of which 734 participants self-reported having gallstones. Dietary quality indicators were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall data. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between dietary quality indicators and the likelihood of gallstones. To delineate the non-linear relationships and threshold effects, we utilized a restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model. Subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, age, race, education, poverty-to-income ratio, body mass index, large weight loss, alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, total calories, total cholesterol, estrogen use, antihyperglycemic drug use, statin use, and glucocorticosteroid use (Model 4), a higher Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and lower Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean Diet (MED) were all significantly associated with gallstones. Further RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between the DII and gallstones, with a threshold value of 1.842. Above this threshold, for each unit increase in the DII score, the odds of developing gallstones increased by 27.5%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that this association was consistent across all subgroups. CONCLUSION Participants with gallstones exhibited poor dietary habits. Adopting a diet that reduces inflammation and supports overall health may help lower the risk of gallstone development, with potential implications for dietary recommendations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigen Wu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Pei
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Junlong Wang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Liang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
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Schwardt NH, Halsey CR, Sanchez ME, Ngo BM, Reniere ML. A genome-wide screen in ex vivo gallbladders identifies Listeria monocytogenes factors required for virulence in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2025; 21:e1012491. [PMID: 40029882 PMCID: PMC11892859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 03/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen that causes the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. Following oral infection of the host, L. monocytogenes disseminates from the gastrointestinal tract to peripheral organs, including the gallbladder, where it replicates to high densities, establishing the gallbladder as the primary bacterial reservoir. Despite its importance in pathogenesis, little is known about how L. monocytogenes survives and replicates in the gallbladder. In this study, we assessed the L. monocytogenes genes required for growth and survival in ex vivo non-human primate gallbladders using a transposon sequencing approach. The screen identified 43 genes required for replication in the gallbladder, some of which were known to be important for virulence, and others had not been previously studied in the context of infection. We evaluated the roles of 19 genes identified in our screen both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that most were required for replication in bile in vitro, for intracellular infection of murine cells in tissue culture, and for virulence in an oral murine model of listeriosis. Interestingly, strains lacking the mannose and glucose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) permeases Mpt and Mpo exhibited no defects in intracellular growth or intercellular spread, but were significantly attenuated during murine infection. While the roles of PTS systems in vivo were not previously appreciated, these results suggest that PTS permeases are necessary for extracellular replication during infection. Overall, this study demonstrates that L. monocytogenes genes required for replication in the gallbladder also play broader roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Schwardt
- Microbiology Department, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cortney R. Halsey
- Microbiology Department, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Madison E. Sanchez
- Microbiology Department, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Billy M. Ngo
- Microbiology Department, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Reniere
- Microbiology Department, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Huo X, Yu Z, Zhao F, Chen Y, Chen P, Xing L, Qiao Y, Peng Y, Tian M, Zhou M, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang C, Tian X, Lv D, Zhang B, Shi L, Ma X, Ma T. Hepatocyte aquaporin 8-mediated water transport facilitates bile dilution and prevents gallstone formation in mice. J Hepatol 2025; 82:464-479. [PMID: 39326676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although water channel aquaporin-8 (AQP8) has been implicated in hepatic bile formation and liver diseases associated with abnormal bile flow in human and animal studies, direct evidence of its involvement in bile secretion is still lacking. This study aimed to determine the role of AQP8 in bile secretion and gallstone formation. METHODS We generated various transgenic knock-in and knockout mouse models and assessed liver AQP8 expression by immunostaining and immunoblotting, hepatic bile secretion by cannulation of the common bile duct, cholesterol gallstone formation by feeding a high-fat lithogenic diet, and identified regulatory small molecules by screening the organic fractions of cholagogic Chinese herbs and performing biochemical characterization. RESULTS We identified a novel expression pattern of AQP8 protein in the canalicular membrane of approximately 50% of the liver lobules. AQP8-deficient mice exhibited impaired hepatic bile formation, characterized by the secretion of concentrated bile with a lower flow rate and higher levels of bile lipids than that of wild-type littermates. Aqp8-/- mice showed accelerated gallstone formation, which was rescued by AAV-mediated hepatic expression of AQP8 or AQP1. Moreover, we identified a small molecule, scutellarin, that upregulates hepatocyte AQP8 expression in vitro and in vivo. In Aqp8+/+ mice, scutellarin significantly increased bile flow, decreased bile lipid concentrations, and prevented gallstone formation compared to Aqp8-/- mice. Molecular studies revealed that scutellarin promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of HIF-1α, a negative transcriptional regulator of AQP8, by disrupting its interactions with HSP90. CONCLUSIONS AQP8 plays a crucial role in facilitating water transport and bile dilution during hepatic bile formation, thereby mitigating gallstone formation in mice. Small-molecule intervention validated hepatocyte AQP8 as a promising drug target for gallstone therapy. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The incidence of gallstone disease is high, and current drug treatments for gallstones are very limited, necessitating the identification of novel drug targets for therapeutic development with universal applicability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct evidence that the hepatic water channel AQP8 plays a key role in bile dilution and gallstone formation. Modulation of hepatic water transport may provide a universal therapeutic strategy for all types of gallstone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Manman Tian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyue Lv
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Fu C, Chen J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li X, Liu K. Association between complete blood cell count-derived inflammatory biomarkers and gallstones prevalence in American adults under 60 years of age. Front Immunol 2025; 15:1497068. [PMID: 39867880 PMCID: PMC11757271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1497068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The trend of gallstones occurring in younger populations has become a noteworthy public health issue. This study aims to investigate the association between complete blood cell count (CBC)-derived inflammatory indicators and gallstones in adults under 60 years of age in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020. Associations between CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and gallstones were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models, with results presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to examine potential non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore differences across population subgroups. Results This study comprised 4,977 participants, among whom 398 were diagnosed with gallstones. After adjusting for confounding variables, the highest quartile of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) [OR (95%CI): 1.65(1.12,2.43)], systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) [OR (95%CI): 1.53(1.05,2.25)], monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) [OR (95%CI): 1.66(1.16,2.37)], and pan immune inflammatory value (PIV) [OR (95%CI): 1.82(1.23,2.71)] were associated with a significantly increased risk of gallstones compared to the lowest quartiles. RCS plots indicated a nonlinear relationship between several inflammatory biomarkers and gallstones. Conclusion Our study found that SIRI, SII, MLR, and PIV can serve as clinical indicators for predicting the risk of gallstones in adults under 60 years of age in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chen F, Guo R, Chen T, Liu L, Ding F, Zhao G, Zhang B. The Therapeutic Potential of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Enhancing Gallbladder Function and Reducing Inflammation in Cholesterol Gallstone Disease. Bioengineering (Basel) 2025; 12:34. [PMID: 39851308 PMCID: PMC11762117 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGS) is often accompanied by gallbladder contraction dysfunction and chronic inflammation, but effective therapeutic options remain limited. This study investigates whether a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment can improve gallbladder motility and alleviate chronic inflammation while exploring the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Gallbladder motility was assessed through in vitro and in vivo contraction tests, while bile condition was evaluated by observing bile crystal clearance. Tissue analysis and Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of the cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as markers of gallbladder smooth muscle health and the inflammatory microenvironment. Blood cholesterol levels were measured via biochemical assays. RESULTS LIPUS treatment obviously enhanced gallbladder contractility in response to CCK-8 stimulation and accelerated bile crystal clearance. It also reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema, and promoted new capillary formation in the gallbladder, mitigating the progression of CGS. Furthermore, LIPUS restored CCKAR expression and improved the thickness of the gallbladder smooth muscle layer, providing a structural basis for increased smooth muscle contractility. CONCLUSION LIPUS improves gallbladder motility and reduces chronic inflammation in CGS by enhancing CCKAR expression and smooth muscle integrity. These findings highlight the potential of LIPUS as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for managing CGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; (F.C.); (R.G.); (T.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Run Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; (F.C.); (R.G.); (T.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; (F.C.); (R.G.); (T.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; (F.C.); (R.G.); (T.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Fan Ding
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China;
- Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China;
- Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; (F.C.); (R.G.); (T.C.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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Mate PS, Jasmin A T F, Nagpal A, Onteru SK, Rajput S, Ashutosh, Meena S. Expression and Immunolocalization of Aquaporins in the Buffalo Liver and Adipose Tissue. J Mol Histol 2024; 56:39. [PMID: 39661281 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Increasing incidences of fatty liver in humans and animals worldwide is the leading cause of liver related morbidities. Currently, in the face of the growing global increase in fatty liver, and the necessity to explore new factors significantly affecting it, aquaporins (AQPs) have become the focus of interest for many researchers. AQPs are membrane integral proteins involved in the transport of water, glycerol and other small solutes. These are expressed in all tissues and play multiple roles under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Despite ongoing advancements in understanding the involvement of aquaporins in metabolic processes, there remains a notable lack of knowledge concerning cellular and subcellular localization of the AQPs in bovine tissues and organs. Understanding this could provide a new therapeutic target for metabolic syndromes such as fatty liver disease in bovine. In this study, AQPs in bovine liver, adipose tissue and gall bladder are examined using immunohistochemistry. AQP9 immunoreactivity is predominantly detected at the sinusoidal surfaces of hepatocytes. AQP8 is mostly intracellular and localized to the central vein and sinusoid, whereas AQP7 is found around the portal vein. Notably, AQP3 is observed in the bovine gall bladder and adipose tissue but not in the liver. In adipose tissue, AQP7 is also detected in the cytoplasmic membranes of adipocytes. AQPs in liver and adipose tissue were also studied using the western blotting technique. Higher AQP9 and AQP3 expression is observed in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, indicating they are the dominant aquaporins in these tissues. This suggests they could be potential therapeutic targets for treating fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal S Mate
- Animal Biochemsitry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Fathima Jasmin A T
- Animal Biochemsitry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Nagpal
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Animal Biochemsitry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Shiveeli Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashutosh
- Animal Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Meena
- Animal Biochemsitry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Khalil M, Gena P, Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P, Calamita G. Aquaporins in Biliary Function: Pathophysiological Implications and Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12133. [PMID: 39596202 PMCID: PMC11593884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins permeable to water and a series of small solutes. AQPs play a key role in pathways of hepatobiliary secretion at the level of the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. AQP8 and -9 are pivotal in facilitating the osmotic water movement of hepatic bile, which is composed of 95% water. In the biliary tract, AQP1 and -4 are involved in the rearrangement of bile composition by mechanisms of reabsorption/secretion of water. In the gallbladder, AQP1 and -8 are also involved in trans-epithelial bidirectional water flow with the ultimate goal of bile concentration. Pathophysiologically, AQPs have been indicated as players in several hepatobiliary disorders, including cholestatic diseases and cholesterol cholelithiasis. Research on AQP function and the modulation of AQP expression is in progress, with the identification of potent and homolog-specific compounds modulating the expression or inhibiting these membrane channels with promising pharmacological developments. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to hepatobiliary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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Jiang Z, Jiang H, Zhu X, Zhao D, Su F. The relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and gallstones: a cross-sectional analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1453129. [PMID: 39600934 PMCID: PMC11588438 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1453129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a classical indicator of inflammation, holds significant clinical value in various diseases. The relationship between hs-CRP and gallstones, however, remains poorly studied at present. The relationship between hs-CRP and gallstones will be investigated in this study. Methods Data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed, focusing on participants aged 20 years and older who provided complete hs-CRP and gallstone information. Due to the skewed distribution of hs-CRP, the data were log-transformed [Log (hs-CRP)] to achieve normalization. Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smoothed fitted curves were applied to determine the relationship between Log (hs-CRP) and the presence of gallstones. Results The study included 4,484 participants with an average Log (hs-CRP) of 1.18 ± 0.74. The prevalence of gallstones was 11.15%, increasing with higher Log (hs-CRP) levels (quartile 1: 8.31%; quartile 2: 8.76%; quartile 3: 11.98%; quartile 4: 16.36%; p < 0.0001). Adjusting for all covariates in Model 3, each 10-fold increase in hs-CRP [corresponding to a one-unit increase in log10 (hs-CRP)] corresponded to a 29% increased odds of gallstones prevalence [1.29 (1.12-1.49)]. The smoothed fitted curve showed a positive linear relationship between Log (hs-CRP) and gallstones prevalence. The results of subgroup analyses exhibited a more pronounced positive correlation in the 20-40 age group [1.70 (1.33, 2.16)], compared to those aged 40-60 years [1.22 (1.01, 1.48)], and 60-80 years [1.14 (0.98, 1.34)]. Conclusion Higher Log (hs-CRP) levels are linked to a greater prevalence of gallstones. We still need to carry out further large prospective research to explore the causal relationship of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Jiang
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Haiyuan College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Shulpekova YO, Popova IR, Nechaev VM. Functional Disorders of the Biliary Tract and Cholelithiasis: Analysis of a Possible Relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2024; 34:94-103. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-4-94-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Aim: Diagnostic criteria for functional disorders of the biliary tract are presented in the materials of the Rome IV consensus, as well as expert councils of Russian and foreign specialists. Episodes of functional biliary pain are caused by a violation of bile outflow through the cystic duct and sphincter of Oddi. It has been suggested that there is a “biliary continuum” in which in some patients’ biliary dysfunction is transformed into cholelithiasis. Key points. Lithogenic bile is considered as the pathophysiological basis for the development of biliary dyskinesia and cholelithiasis. Lithogenic bile provokes inflammation of low grades in the mucous membrane of the biliary tract, decreased contractility of the gallbladder and impaired relaxation of the biliary sphincters, impaired physiological response to cholecystokinin. Changes in motility of the biliary tract may be associated with the influence of hydrophobic bile salts and impaired eicosanoid metabolism. Hyperplasia of the epithelium and muscle layer, hypersecretion of mucin and cholesterol precipitation further impair the outflow of bile. Experimental data and some clinical observations indicate the possibility of transformation of biliary dysfunction into cholelithiasis. Dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi is one of the possible consequences of cholecystectomy and, in fact, acts as a variant of postcholecystectomy syndrome. The basis for the treatment of biliary dysfunctions are antispasmodics of different classes, which can be combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. The biliary tract-selective antispasmodic hymecromone has shown high effectiveness in relieving biliary pain, which also has a moderate choleretic effect and the ability to prevent the crystallization of cholesterol in bile and can be used both for functional diseases and for cholelithiasis. The domestic drug hymecromone “Odecromone” entered the pharmaceutical market. Conclusion. There is no doubt that the relevance of further study of the patterns of development of biliary dysfunctions and GI is obvious. The study of this problem will contribute to the development of effective preventive approaches, including in the field of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. O. Shulpekova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. R. Popova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - V. M. Nechaev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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11
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Pan T, Zhang C, Liang J, Wang X, Di X, Zhou Y, Bai P, Yuan H. Association between life-ever gallstones and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18845. [PMID: 39143232 PMCID: PMC11325026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the potential association between life-ever gallstones and depressive symptoms is limited. This study aims to evaluate whether the presence of gallstone disease is associated with depressive symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 cycles. The presence of depressive symptoms and gallstone disease was assessed using questionnaire responses. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model, with adjustments made for age, sex, race, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, arthritis, and pulmonary disease across different models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the stability of the results. This study included 6201 adults aged 20 years and above, with 539(8.7%) experiencing depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, CVD history, hypertension, arthritis, pulmonary disease, depressive symptoms were possibly associated with life-ever gallstones (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.08).When depressive symptoms were categorized as mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe,life-ever gallstones was possibly associated with mild depressive symptoms (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.81-1.56), moderate depressive symptoms (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.89-2.12), moderately severe depressive symptoms (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.93-3.99), and severe depressive symptoms (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.16-2.88).As a continuous variable, life-ever gallstones was associated with the PHQ-9 score (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.02-0.83). The results remained stable after multiple imputation for all missing data. This cross-sectional study demonstrates no significant association between life-ever gallstones and depressive symptoms in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueshi Di
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Bai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Xiaoguan Street, Outside Andingmen, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyun Cang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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12
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Sun Y, Xu C, Luo J, Li S, Chen S, Cen Y, Xu P. Comprehensive analysis of differential long non-coding RNA and messenger RNA expression in cholelithiasis using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1375019. [PMID: 38808330 PMCID: PMC11130440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1375019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of gallstone disease (GSD) has not been fully elucidated. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to scrutinize and provisionally authenticate the distinctive expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in GSD. Methods RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) sequencing was used on four paired human gallbladder samples for the purpose of this study. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified and subjected to analysis of their biological functions. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were computed to construct a co-expression network delineating their associations. Furthermore, both cis- and trans-regulatory networks of selected lncRNAs were established and visualized. Additionally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed. To validate the RNA-sequencing data, we performed a Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) on 10 paired human gallbladder samples, assessing the expressions of the top 4 DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in gallstone and control samples. Results A total of 934 DEmRNAs and 304DElncRNAs were successfully identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated a predominant involvement in metabolic-related biological functions. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between the expressions of 597 DEmRNAs and 194 DElncRNAs. Subsequently, both a cis-lncRNA-mRNA and a trans-lncRNA-Transcription Factor (TF)-mRNA regulatory network were meticulously constructed. Additionally, a ceRNA network, comprising of 24 DElncRNAs, 201 DEmRNAs, and 120 predicted miRNAs, was established. Furthermore, using RT-qPCR, we observed significant upregulation of AC004692.4, HECW1-IT1, SFRP4, and COMP, while LINC01564, SLC26A3, RP1-27K12.2, and GSTA2 exhibited marked downregulation in gallstone samples. Importantly, these findings were consistent with the sequencing. Conclusion We conducted a screening process to identify DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs in GSD. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic factors involved in the etiology of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Conghui Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qujing No. 1 People’s Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunyun Cen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengyuan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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13
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Esen İ, Arslan H, Aktürk Esen S, Gülşen M, Kültekin N, Özdemir O. Early prediction of gallstone disease with a machine learning-based method from bioimpedance and laboratory data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37258. [PMID: 38394521 PMCID: PMC11309733 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GD) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Although traditional diagnostic techniques, such as ultrasonography, CT, and MRI, detect gallstones, they have some limitations, including high cost and potential inaccuracies in certain populations. This study proposes a machine learning-based prediction model for gallstone disease using bioimpedance and laboratory data. A dataset of 319 samples, comprising161 gallstone patients and 158 healthy controls, was curated. The dataset comprised 38 attributes of the participants, including age, weight, height, blood test results, and bioimpedance data, and it contributed to the literature on gallstones as a new dataset. State-of-the-art machine learning techniques were performed on the dataset to detect gallstones. The experimental results showed that vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, total body water, and lean mass are crucial features, and the gradient boosting technique achieved the highest accuracy (85.42%) in predicting gallstones. The proposed technique offers a viable alternative to conventional imaging techniques for early prediction of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Esen
- Yüksek İhtisas University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Arslan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mervenur Gülşen
- Keçiören VM Medicalpark Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nimet Kültekin
- Keçiören VM Medicalpark Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Özdemir
- Yüksek İhtisas University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Kister B, Viehof A, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schwentker A, Treichel NS, Jennings SA, Wirtz TH, Blank LM, Hornef MW, von Bergen M, Clavel T, Kuepfer L. A physiologically based model of bile acid metabolism in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107922. [PMID: 37817939 PMCID: PMC10561051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) metabolism is a complex system that includes a wide variety of primary and secondary, as well as conjugated and unconjugated BAs that undergo continuous enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Alterations in both composition and dynamics of BAs have been associated with various diseases. However, a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between altered BA metabolism and related diseases is lacking. Computational modeling may support functional analyses of the physiological processes involved in the EHC of BAs along the gut-liver axis. In this study, we developed a physiologically based model of murine BA metabolism describing synthesis, hepatic and microbial transformations, systemic distribution, excretion, and EHC of BAs at the whole-body level. For model development, BA metabolism of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice was characterized in vivo by measuring BA levels and composition in various organs, expression of transporters along the gut, and cecal microbiota composition. We found significantly different BA levels between male and female mice that could only be explained by adjusted expression of the hepatic enzymes and transporters in the model. Of note, this finding was in agreement with experimental observations. The model for SPF mice could also describe equivalent experimental data in germ-free mice by specifically switching off microbial activity in the intestine. The here presented model can therefore facilitate and guide functional analyses of BA metabolism in mice, e.g., the effect of pathophysiological alterations on BA metabolism and translation of results from mouse studies to a clinically relevant context through cross-species extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Kister
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina Viehof
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Schwentker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Simone Treichel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susan A.V. Jennings
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Ghorbani M, Hekmatdoost A, Darabi Z, Sadeghi A, Yari Z. Dietary inflammatory index and risk of gallstone disease in Iranian women: a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:311. [PMID: 37710148 PMCID: PMC10500896 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering inflammation as a primary occurrence in gallstone formation, this study aimed to determine the relation between serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score with the risk of gallstone disease (GD) among Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present BMI-matched case-control study was performed among 75 women with GD and 75 healthy controls. Biochemical parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual intake of participants. DII score was calculated for all participants. The linear and logistic regression were used to examine the association of DII with serum inflammatory biomarkers and the odds ratio of GD, respectively. RESULTS The mean serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in GD patients compared to control subjects. Women in the highest tertile of DII compared to the lowest tertile had lower intake of macronutrients, minerals, vitamins garlic, onion, pepper and fiber. Moreover, the odd of GD was significantly higher in the third tertile of the DII versus the first tertile after adjustment of potential confounders (OR: 17.47; 95% CI: 4.64-65.72). Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between the serum level of inflammatory biomarkers with the risk of GD and the inflammatory score of the diet (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that higher DII score, and serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers are related to higher risk of GD in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Ghorbani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Department of Adult Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2170. [PMID: 37681902 PMCID: PMC10486417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract, characterized by a very poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages owing to its aggressive behaviour and limited therapeutic options. Early detection at a curable stage remains challenging because patients rarely exhibit symptoms; indeed, most GBCs are discovered incidentally following cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder stones. Long-standing chronic inflammation is an important driver of GBC, regardless of the lithiasic or non-lithiasic origin. Advances in omics technologies have provided a deeper understanding of GBC pathogenesis, uncovering mechanisms associated with inflammation-driven tumour initiation and progression. Surgical resection is the only treatment with curative intent for GBC but very few cases are suitable for resection and most adjuvant therapy has a very low response rate. Several unmet clinical needs require to be addressed to improve GBC management, including discovery and validation of reliable biomarkers for screening, therapy selection and prognosis. Standardization of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesion nomenclature, as well as surgical specimen processing and sampling, now provides reproducible and comparable research data that provide a basis for identifying and implementing early detection strategies and improving drug discovery. Advances in the understanding of next-generation sequencing, multidisciplinary care for GBC, neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, and novel systemic therapies including chemotherapy and immunotherapies are gradually changing the treatment paradigm and prognosis of this recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinay K Kapoor
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital (MGMCH), Jaipur, India
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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19
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Hepatobiliary Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Impacts Bile Acid Hydrophilicity and Aquaporins in Cholestatic C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012355. [PMID: 36293210 PMCID: PMC9603918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are more prone to develop either hypothyroidism or cholesterol gallstones than men. However, a male predominance in cholesterol gallstones under hypothyroidism was reported. Recently, a novel pathogenic link between thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency and cholesterol gallstones has been described in male mice. Here, we investigate if TH deficiency impacts cholesterol gallstone formation in females by the same mechanism. Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control, a TH deficient, a lithogenic, and a lithogenic + TH deficient group and diet-treated for two, four, and six weeks. Gallstone prevalence, liver function tests, bile composition, hepatic gene expression, and gallbladder aquaporin expression and localization were investigated. Cholesterol gallstones were observed in lithogenic + TH deficient but not lithogenic only female mice. Diminished hydrophilicity of primary bile acids due to decreased gene expression of hepatic detoxification phase II enzymes was observed. A sex-specific expression and localization of hepatobiliary aquaporins involved in transcellular water and glycerol permeability was observed under TH deficient and lithogenic conditions. TH deficiency promotes cholesterol gallstone formation in female C57BL/6J mice by the same mechanism as observed in males. However, cholesterol gallstone prevalence was lower in female than male C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, the sex-specific expression and localization of hepatobiliary aquaporins could protect female C57BL/6J mice to cholestasis and could reduce biliary water transport in male C57BL/6J mice possibly contributing to the sex-dependent cholesterol gallstone prevalence under TH deficiency.
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20
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Abstract
Bile acids wear many hats, including those of an emulsifier to facilitate nutrient absorption, a cholesterol metabolite, and a signaling molecule in various tissues modulating itching to metabolism and cellular functions. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver but exhibit wide-ranging effects indicating their ability to mediate organ-organ crosstalk. So, how does a steroid metabolite orchestrate such diverse functions? Despite the inherent chemical similarity, the side chain decorations alter the chemistry and biology of the different bile acid species and their preferences to bind downstream receptors distinctly. Identification of new modifications in bile acids is burgeoning, and some of it is associated with the microbiota within the intestine. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history and the various receptors that mediate bile acid signaling in addition to its crosstalk with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Correspondence: Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, PhD, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S Mathews Ave, 453 Medical Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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21
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Liang J, Shao W, Liu Q, Lu Q, Gu A, Jiang Z. Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals a Murine Gallbladder Cell Transcriptome Atlas During the Process of Cholesterol Gallstone Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714271. [PMID: 34650971 PMCID: PMC8505819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a worldwide common disease. However, the knowledge concerning the gallbladder in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone formation remains limited. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to obtain the transcriptome of gallbladder cells, we showed cellular heterogeneity and transcriptomic dynamics in murine gallbladder cells during the process of lithogenesis. Our results indicated gallbladder walls were subjected to remodeling during the process of lithogenesis. The major molecular events that happened included proliferation of epithelial cells, infiltration of immune-cells, activation of angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix modulation. Furthermore, we observed partial reversal of gallbladder cell transcriptomes by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. This work thus provides novel and integral knowledges on the cellular changes during lithogenesis, which is of great significance to the understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of cholesterol gallstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Liang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Lu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yang H, Chen L, Liu K, Li C, Li H, Xiong K, Li Z, Lu C, Chen W, Liu Y. Mendelian randomization rules out the causal relationship between serum lipids and cholecystitis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:224. [PMID: 34535143 PMCID: PMC8447629 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between serum lipids and cholecystitis is still under investigation. To examine the causal effect of serum lipids on cholecystitis using the Mendelian randomization method. METHODS We conducted univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary statistics from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on serum lipids (n = 132,908) and cholecystitis (n = 361,194). Mainly, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized to combine each SNP's causal estimation, and the MR-Egger was adopted as a complementary method, together with the weighted median. Cochrane's Q value was employed to appraise heterogeneity. The MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO were used to detect the horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS Our univariable results displayed a minor protective effect of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR [95% CI] = 0.9984483 [0.9984499, 0.9984468]; p = 0.008) on cholecystitis. No significant causal effect of total cholesterol (TC) (OR [95% CI] = 0.9994228 [0.9994222, 0.9994233]; p = 0.296), triglycerides (OR [95% CI] = 0.9990893 [0.9990882, 0.9990903]; p = 0.238) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR [95% CI] = 0.9997020 [0.9997017, 0.9997023]; p = 0.565) was found on cholecystitis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LDL cholesterolhas a slight protective effect on cholecystitis, which can be easily affected by confounding factors. TC, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol don't have causal effect on cholecystitis. The protective effect of serum lipids on cholecystitis, though possible, remain less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Yang
- Secondary Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chengnan Li
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Kezhen Xiong
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Secondary Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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23
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Sweed N, Kim HJ, Hultenby K, Barros R, Parini P, Sancisi V, Strandvik B, Gabbi C. Liver X receptor β regulates bile volume and the expression of aquaporins and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the gallbladder. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G243-G251. [PMID: 34259574 PMCID: PMC8815792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gallbladder is considered an important organ in maintaining digestive and metabolic homeostasis. Given that therapeutic options for gallbladder diseases are often limited to cholecystectomy, understanding gallbladder pathophysiology is essential in developing novel therapeutic strategies. Since liver X receptor β (LXRβ), an oxysterol-activated transcription factor, is strongly expressed in gallbladder cholangiocytes, the aim was to investigate LXRβ physiological function in the gallbladder. Thus, we studied the gallbladders of WT and LXRβ-/- male mice using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, bile duct cannulation, bile and blood biochemistry, and duodenal pH measurements. LXRβ-/- mice presented a large gallbladder bile volume with high duodenal mRNA levels of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a strong mediator of gallbladder relaxation. LXRβ-/- gallbladders showed low mRNA and protein expression of Aquaporin-1, Aquaporin-8, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A cystic fibrosis-resembling phenotype was evident in the liver showing high serum cholestatic markers and the presence of reactive cholangiocytes. For LXRβ being a transcription factor, we identified eight putative binding sites of LXR on the promoter and enhancer of the Cftr gene, suggesting Cftr as a novel LXRβ regulated gene. In conclusion, LXRβ was recognized as a regulator of gallbladder bile volume through multiple mechanisms involving CFTR and aquaporins.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report reveals a novel and specific role of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in controlling biliary tree pathophysiology. LXRβ-/- mice have high gallbladder bile volume and are affected by a cholangiopathy that resembles cystic fibrosis. We found LXRβ to regulate the expression of both aquaporins water channels and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This opens a new field in biliary tree pathophysiology, enlightening a possible transcription factor controlling CFTR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sweed
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Barros
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Paoo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Abstract
The substantial burden of colorectal cancer and its increasing trend in young adults highlight the importance of dietary and lifestyle modifications for improved cancer prevention and survivorship. In this chapter, we review the cutting-edge evidence for the interplay between diet/lifestyle and the gut microbiota in the incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer. We focus on factors for which there are data supporting their importance for the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, including excess body weight, fiber, red and processed meat, and coffee. We discuss the potential precision nutrition approaches for modifying and exploiting the gut microbiota for improved cancer prevention and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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25
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Viljoen AD, Tamborini A, Watson PJ, Bexfield NH. Clinical characteristics and histology of cholecystectomised dogs with nongravity-dependent biliary sludge: 16 cases (2014-2019). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:478-488. [PMID: 33629392 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the available histology, biochemistry and clinical progression of dogs without classic overt biliary tract signs that underwent cholecystectomy for nongravity-dependent biliary sludge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case series of client-owned dogs for which a cholecystectomy was performed for nongravity-dependent biliary sludge. In six dogs, for which nongravity-dependent biliary sludge filled less than half of gall bladder volume, gall bladder ejection fractions were measured. Available histology, biochemistry, presenting clinical signs and post-surgical clinical progression were reported. RESULTS Sixteen dogs were included in this retrospective case series. No dogs met the histological criteria for gall bladder mucocoeles or had histological evidence of primary hepatitis or cholangitis. Biochemistry was normal for 11 dogs. Hypercholesterolaemia was not noted in any dog. Twelve dogs had cholecystitis (11 lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic) and nine dogs had biliary mucosal hyperplasia. Thirteen dogs had enteritis (12 lymphoplasmacytic, one eosinophilic) and nine dogs had reactive hepatitis (eight lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic). All six dogs with nongravity-dependent biliary sludge that filled less than half of gall bladder volume had sub-optimal gall bladder function. Presenting clinical signs, including diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance, resolved in 86% (12/14) of dogs after cholecystectomy and clinical improvement was noted in 81% (13/16) of dogs overall. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Duodenal inflammation could potentially impact gall bladder dysmotility in dogs with nongravity-dependent biliary sludge. Furthermore, diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance could indicate symptomatic gall bladder disease in dogs with NDBS and can potentially precede more obvious systemic clinical signs associated with gall bladder mucocoeles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Viljoen
- Vets4Pets Torquay, Bridge Retail Park, Hele Road, Torquay, TQ2 7AP, UK
| | - A Tamborini
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0U, UK
| | - P J Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - N H Bexfield
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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26
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Rosa L, Lobos-González L, Muñoz-Durango N, García P, Bizama C, Gómez N, González X, Wichmann IA, Saavedra N, Guevara F, Villegas J, Arrese M, Ferreccio C, Kalergis AM, Miquel JF, Espinoza JA, Roa JC. Evaluation of the chemopreventive potentials of ezetimibe and aspirin in a novel mouse model of gallbladder preneoplasia. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2834-2852. [PMID: 33326125 PMCID: PMC7607176 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder stones (cholecystolithiasis) are the main risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC), a lethal biliary malignancy with poor survival rates worldwide. Gallbladder stones are thought to damage the gallbladder epithelium and trigger chronic inflammation. Preneoplastic lesions that arise in such an inflammatory microenvironment can eventually develop into invasive carcinoma, through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, we developed a novel gallbladder preneoplasia mouse model through the administration of two lithogenic diets (a low‐ or a high‐cholesterol diet) in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice over a period of 9 months. Additionally, we evaluated the chemopreventive potentials of the anti‐inflammatory drug aspirin and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe. Both lithogenic diets induced early formation of gallbladder stones, together with extensive inflammatory changes and widespread induction of metaplasia, an epithelial adaptation to tissue injury. Dysplastic lesions were presented only in mice fed with high‐cholesterol diet (62.5%) in late stages (9th month), and no invasive carcinoma was observed at any stage. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe inhibited gallbladder stone formation and completely prevented the onset of metaplasia and dysplasia in both lithogenic diets, whereas aspirin partially reduced metaplasia development only in the low‐cholesterol diet setting. This model recapitulates several of the structural and inflammatory findings observed in human cholecystolithiasic gallbladders, making it relevant for the study of gallbladder carcinogenesis. In addition, our results suggest that the use of cholesterol absorption inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory drugs can be evaluated as chemopreventive strategies to reduce the burden of GBC among high‐risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosa
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Gómez
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena González
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio A Wichmann
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Villegas
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan C Roa
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Jaffey JA, Matheson J, Shumway K, Pacholec C, Ullal T, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, Lee KJ, DeClue AE. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244102. [PMID: 33326487 PMCID: PMC7743984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jodi Matheson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kate Shumway
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina Pacholec
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tarini Ullal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Randy Ringold
- VDI Laboratory, LLC, Simi Valley, California, United States of America
| | - Keun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amy E. DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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28
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Liu T, Siyin ST, Yao N, Duan N, Xu G, Li W, Qu J, Liu S. Relationship between high-sensitivity C reactive protein and the risk of gallstone disease: results from the Kailuan cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035880. [PMID: 32963062 PMCID: PMC7509952 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gallstone disease (GSD) can be caused by various health and clinical factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia and an unhealthy diet, all of which are associated with higher high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations. Whether hs-CRP represents an independent risk factor for GSD is still unclear. We prospectively investigated hs-CRP in relation to the occurrence of GSD based on the Kailuan study. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Kailuan cohort study was conducted in Tangshan City in northern China. PARTICIPANTS 95 319 participants who were free from GSD were recruited in this study. Epidemiological data, anthropometric parameters and biochemical data of participants were collected. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between hs-CRP concentrations and the risk of GSD after adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS During the mean 7.58 years of follow-up among 95 319 participants, 4205 participants were identified as newly diagnosed with GSD or having undergone cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Compared with the hs-CRP<1 mg/L group, elevated hs-CRP concentrations were significantly associated with higher risk of GSD with the corresponding HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.19), 1.12 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) in the 1≤hs-CRP≤3 mg/L and hs-CRP>3 mg/L group, respectively. The multivariate model which included hs-CRP not only had a better line of fitness but also had better predictive values to help identify new cases of GSD during follow-up. CONCLUSION Elevated hs-CRP concentration is an independent risk factor for new-onset GSD among the Chinese population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Tan Siyin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siqing Liu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
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29
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Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) affects 10-15% of the adult population worldwide and the prevalence increases as a result of longer life expectancy as well as rising obesity in the general population. Beside well established CGD risk factors including environmental and genetic determinants (LITH genes), a correlation between thyroid dysfunction and CGD has been suggested in several human and murine studies. Although the precise underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, thyroid hormones may impact bile flow, bile composition and the maintenance of the enterohepatic circulation. Further there is evidence that thyroid hormones possibly impact LITH genes which are regulated by nuclear receptors (NRs). A better understanding of the CGD pathomechanisms might contribute to personalized prevention and therapy of highly prevalent and economically significant digestive disease. This review presents the current knowledge about the association between CGD and thyroid hormone dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kube
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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30
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Wang HH, Portincasa P, Liu M, Tso P, Wang DQH. Similarities and differences between biliary sludge and microlithiasis: Their clinical and pathophysiological significances. LIVER RESEARCH (BEIJING, CHINA) 2018; 2:186-199. [PMID: 34367716 PMCID: PMC8341470 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The terms biliary sludge and cholesterol microlithiasis (hereafter referred to as microlithiasis) were originated from different diagnostic techniques and may represent different stages of cholesterol gallstone disease. Although the pathogenesis of biliary sludge and microlithiasis may be similar, microlithiasis could be preceded by biliary sludge, followed by persistent precipitation and aggregation of solid cholesterol crystals, and eventually, gallstone formation. Many clinical conditions are clearly associated with the formation of biliary sludge and microlithiasis, including total parenteral nutrition, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, organ transplantation, administration of certain medications, and a variety of acute and chronic illnesses. Numerous studies have demonstrated complete resolution of biliary sludge in approximately 40% of patients, a cyclic pattern of disappearing and reappearing in about 40%, and progression to gallstones in nearly 20%. Although only a minority of patients with ultrasonographic demonstration of biliary sludge develop gallstones, it is still a matter of controversy whether microlithiasis could eventually evolve to cholesterol gallstones. Biliary sludge and microlithiasis are asymptomatic in the vast majority of patients; however, they can cause biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, and acute pancreatitis. Biliary sludge and microlithiasis are most often diagnosed ultrasonographically and bile microscopy is considered the gold standard for their diagnosis. Specific measures to prevent the development of biliary sludge are not practical or cost-effective in the general population. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers the most definitive therapy on biliary sludge. Endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgical intervention is effective for microlithiasis-induced pancreatitis. Ursodeoxycholic acid can effectively prevent the recurrence of solid cholesterol crystals and significantly reduce the risk of recurrent pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Liu Z, Kemp TJ, Gao YT, Corbel A, McGee EE, Wang B, Shen MC, Rashid A, Hsing AW, Hildesheim A, Pfeiffer RM, Pinto LA, Koshiol J. Association of circulating inflammation proteins and gallstone disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1920-1924. [PMID: 29671891 PMCID: PMC7576672 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammation plays a role in the development of both gallstones and gallbladder cancer; however, few studies have investigated the association of circulating inflammation proteins with risk of gallstones. METHODS This study measured 13 cytokines (including 10 interleukins [ILs]) that have been associated with cancer in serum samples collected from 150 gallstone patients and 149 population-based controls from Shanghai, China, in 1997-2001. This study estimated the associations of each cytokine, categorized into quartiles and coded as a trend, with risk of gallstones using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), and IL-13 were associated with increased risk of gallstones (i.e. Ptrend < 0.003, Bonferroni corrected), with odds ratios (ORs) that ranged from ORhighest quartile [Q4] versus lowest quartile [Q1] = 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 7.5) for IL-13 to ORQ4 versus Q1 = 5.7 (95% confidence interval: 2.5, 13.5) for IL-12 (p70). In a regression model including all four ILs, only IL-12 retained statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study found four circulating ILs that were associated with gallstones. Future studies are needed to validate the findings and evaluate the common pathway or mechanism in the development of gallbladder diseases associated with these cytokine signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Troy J. Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos, Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Amanda Corbel
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma E. McGee
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bingsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Chang Shen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Ligia A. Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos, Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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López-Reyes A, Clavijo-Cornejo D, Fernández-Torres J, Medina-Luna D, Estrada-Villaseñor EG, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez M, Granados J, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pineda C, García H, Morales-Garza LA, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Martínez-Flores K. Fast Morphological Gallbladder Changes Triggered by a Hypercholesterolemic Diet. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:857-863. [PMID: 30145572 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic problem, described as a risk factor for hepatic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and other pathologies related to development of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol gallbladder stones. It has been reported that cholesterol overload may cause hepatic damage; however, little is known about the effects of an acute hypercholesterolemic diet on the gallbladder. The aim of this manuscript was to evaluate the impact of a cholesterol-rich diet on the gallbladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included ten eight-week-old C57BL6 male mice, which were divided into two study groups and fed different diets for 48 h: a hypercholesterolemic diet and a balanced Chow diet. After 48 h, the mice were analyzed by US with a Siemens Acuson Antares equipment. Mice were subsequently sacrificed to carry out a cholesterol analysis with a Refloton System (Roche), a crystal analysis with a Carl Zeiss microscope with polarized light, and a histological analysis with Hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS The hypercholesterolemic diet induced an increase in gallbladder size and total cholesterol content in the bile, along with important histological changes. CONCLUSION Cholesterol overloads not only trigger hepatic damage, but also affect the gallbladder significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Reyes
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denise Clavijo-Cornejo
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Fernández-Torres
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Medina-Luna
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erendida G Estrada-Villaseñor
- Pathology Service. National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gómez-Quiroz
- Department of Health Sciences. Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marwin Gutiérrez
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Transplantation Department. National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Molecular Biology Department. National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hiram García
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division (Synovial Fluid Laboratory). National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ministry of Health. Mexico City, Mexico
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Metformin treatment prevents gallstone formation but mimics porcelain gallbladder in C57Bl/6 mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:165-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ Prevents Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in C57bl Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Enterohepatic Circulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7475626. [PMID: 30105244 PMCID: PMC6076980 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7475626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in the progression of cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD), C57bl/6J mice were randomized to the following groups (n=7/group): L (lithogenic diet, LGD), LM (LGD+pioglitazone), CM (chow diet+pioglitazone), and NC (normal control, chow diet). Gallbladder stones were observed by microscopy. Histological gallbladder changes were assessed. Bile acids (BA) and cholesterol were measured in the serum, bile, and feces. Proteins and mRNA expression of genes involved in BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation were assessed by western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. PPARγ activation was performed in LO2 cell by lentivirus transfection and in Caco2 cell by PPARγ agonist treatment. Downregulation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by small interference RNA (siRNA) was performed in L02 cells and Caco2 cells, respectively. Results showed that pharmacological activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by increasing biliary BA synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Activated PPARγ induced the expression of genes involved in enterohepatic circulation and bile acid synthesis (like PCG1α, BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, NTCP, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, ASBT, OSTα, and OSTβ). Downregulation of FXR repressed expression of partial genes involved in BA enterohepatic circulation. These findings suggest a new function of PPARγ in preventing CGD by handling BA synthesis and transport through a FXR dependent or independent pathway.
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Screen-detected gallstone disease and autoimmune diseases - A cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:594-600. [PMID: 29422240 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallstone disease is highly prevalent and is associated with systemic inflammation. AIMS To determine whether screen-detected gallstones or cholecystectomy are associated with the occurrence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and the most common subgroups thereof. METHODS A cohort study of three randomly selected general population samples from Copenhagen was performed. Participants (n = 5928) were examined in the period 1982-1992, underwent abdominal ultrasound examination to detect gallstone disease, and followed through national registers until December 2014 (median 24.7 years) for occurrence of immunological diseases. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Gallstone disease was identified in 10% (591/5928) of participants, of whom 6.8% had gallstones and 3.2% had cholecystectomy at baseline. Gallstone disease was associated with incidence of autoimmune diseases (12.9% versus 7.92%; hazard ratio 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.11;1.91]), diabetes mellitus type 1 (5.95% versus 3.67%; 1.53; [1.02;2.30]), and autoimmune thyroid disease (3.70% versus 1.59%; 2.06; [1.26;3.38]). Rheumatoid arthritis, autoinflammatory diseases, or any subgroups thereof were not associated. CONCLUSIONS In a large general population sample, screen-detected gallstone disease was associated with the development of autoimmune diseases during long-term follow-up. Future research efforts are needed to further explore common disease mechanisms.
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Koshiol J, Gao YT, Corbel A, Kemp TJ, Shen MC, Hildesheim A, Hsing AW, Rashid A, Wang B, Pfeiffer RM, Pinto LA. Circulating inflammatory proteins and gallbladder cancer: Potential for risk stratification to improve prioritization for cholecystectomy in high-risk regions. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 54:25-30. [PMID: 29554539 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory proteins could help identify individuals most likely to have gallbladder cancer (GBC) among those waiting for cholecystectomy. METHODS We analyzed 49 circulating inflammation-related proteins in 144 patients with GBC and 150 patients with gallstones. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for protein quantiles and GBC versus gallstones. Using proteins associated with early GBC (stage 1-2) that were selected in stepwise logistic regression, we created an inflammation score and explored the potential utility for risk stratification. RESULTS 26 proteins (53%) had P values for the trend across categories ≤0.001, with associations for a one category increase ranging from 1.52 (95% CI: 1.20-1.94) for CC motif ligand 4 to 4.00 (95% CI: 2.76-5.79) for interleukin (IL)-8. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), IL-6, sTNFR1, CC motif ligand 20 (CCL20), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, IL-16, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor had P values ≤0.001 for early GBC. Of those, IL-6, IL-16, CCL20, and STNFR1 were included in the inflammation score. In a high-risk setting with a pre-test disease risk of 10% (e.g., elderly patients) and using an inflammation score cutoff that provides 90% sensitivity, 39% of patients on the waiting list would be predicted to be positive, and 23% of those would be predicted to have GBC. CONCLUSION These results highlight the strong associations of inflammatory proteins with GBC risk and their potential clinical utility. Larger studies are needed to identify the most effective combinations of inflammatory proteins for detecting early GBC and precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Koshiol
- Infections Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology Genetics, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA.
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Amanda Corbel
- Infections Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology Genetics, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos, Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Shen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology Genetics, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Biostastitics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos, Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gallstone disease is a major epidemiologic and economic burden worldwide, and the most frequent form is cholesterol gallstone disease. RECENT FINDINGS Major pathogenetic factors for cholesterol gallstones include a genetic background, hepatic hypersecretion of cholesterol, and supersaturated bile which give life to precipitating cholesterol crystals that accumulate and grow in a sluggish gallbladder. Additional factors include mucin and inflammatory changes in the gallbladder, slow intestinal motility, increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol, and altered gut microbiota. Mechanisms of disease are linked with insulin resistance, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of nuclear receptors, signaling pathways, gut microbiota, and epigenome are being actively investigated. SUMMARY Ongoing research on cholesterol gallstone disease is intensively investigating several pathogenic mechanisms, associated metabolic disorders, new therapeutic approaches, and novel strategies for primary prevention, including lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Shabanzadeh DM, Skaaby T, Sørensen LT, Eugen-Olsen J, Jørgensen T. Metabolic biomarkers and gallstone disease - a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1270-1277. [PMID: 28799434 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1365166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives for this study were to examine the associations between metabolic biomarkers of obesity including insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, systemic inflammation, genetic susceptibility and ultrasound proven gallstone disease or cholecystectomy in a population-based cross-sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 2650 participants were included, of whom 422 had gallstone disease. Associations between selected metabolic biomarkers and gallstone disease were estimated by multivariable logistic regression models and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Gallstone disease was associated with fasting glucose (OR 1.14, 95% CI [1.05;1.24]), fasting insulin (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01;1.05]), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (OR 1.18, 95% CI [1.02;1.36]), the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.51, 95% CI [1.16;1.96]), white blood cell count (OR 1.07, 95% CI [1.00;1.15]) and C-reactive protein (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01;1.05]). A tendency towards an association for soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor was also found (OR 1.08, 95% CI [0.99;1.18]). The MC4R(rs17782313) (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.02;1.58]), MAP2K5(rs2241423) (OR 1.80, 95% CI [1.04;3.41]), NRXN3(rs10146997) (OR 1.26, 95% CI [1.01;1.57]), HHEX(rs1111875) (OR 1.29, 95% CI [1.03;1.62]), FAIM2(rs7138803) (OR 0.66, 95% CI [0.48;0.91]), and apolipoprotein E4 allele (OR 0.76, 95% CI [0.59;0.98]) were associated with gallstone disease. Urinary albumin was not associated with gallstone disease. The association between BMI and gallstone disease was explained by insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and genetic obesity or type 2 diabetes risk alleles seem to be associated with gallstone disease. Future studies should explore temporal associations and genetic associations in other populations in order to clarify targets for prevention or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mønsted Shabanzadeh
- a Digestive Disease Center , Bispebjerg University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tea Skaaby
- b Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Tue Sørensen
- a Digestive Disease Center , Bispebjerg University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,c Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- d Clinical Research Centre , Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- b Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark.,f The Faculty of Medicine , Aalborg University, Aalborg , Denmark
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Molina-Molina E, Lunardi Baccetto R, Calamita G, Palmieri VO, Portincasa P. Bile Acids and Cancer: Direct and Environmental-Dependent Effects. Ann Hepatol 2017; 16:s87-s105. [PMID: 29080344 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) regulate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and lipids but have also a key role as singalling molecules and in the modulation of epithelial cell proliferation, gene expression and metabolism. These homeostatic pathways, when disrupted, are able to promote local inflammation, systemic metabolic disorders and, ultimately, cancer. The effect of hydrophobic BAs, in particular, can be linked with cancer in several digestive (mainly oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, colon) and extra-digestive organs (i.e. prostate, breast) through a complex series of mechanisms including direct oxidative stress with DNA damage, apoptosis, epigenetic factors regulating gene expression, reduced/increased expression of nuclear receptors (mainly farnesoid X receptor, FXR) and altered composition of gut microbiota, also acting as a common interface between environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, exposure to toxics) and the molecular events promoting cancerogenesis. Primary prevention strategies (i.e. changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, reduced exposure to environmental toxics) mainly able to modulate gut microbiota and the epigenome, and the therapeutic use of hydrophilic BAs to counterbalance the negative effects of the more hydrophobic BAs might be, in the near future, part of useful tools for cancer prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emilio Molina-Molina
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Raquel Lunardi Baccetto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Vincenzo O Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Asai Y, Yamada T, Tsukita S, Takahashi K, Maekawa M, Honma M, Ikeda M, Murakami K, Munakata Y, Shirai Y, Kodama S, Sugisawa T, Chiba Y, Kondo Y, Kaneko K, Uno K, Sawada S, Imai J, Nakamura Y, Yamaguchi H, Tanaka K, Sasano H, Mano N, Ueno Y, Shimosegawa T, Katagiri H. Activation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α Subunit Pathway in Steatotic Liver Contributes to Formation of Cholesterol Gallstones. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1521-1535.e8. [PMID: 28088462 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit (HIF1A) is a transcription factor that controls the cellular response to hypoxia and is activated in hepatocytes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD increases the risk for cholesterol gallstone disease by unclear mechanisms. We studied the relationship between HIF1A and gallstone formation associated with liver steatosis. METHODS We performed studies with mice with inducible disruption of Hif1a in hepatocytes via a Cre adenoviral vector (inducible hepatocyte-selective HIF1A knockout [iH-HIFKO] mice), and mice without disruption of Hif1a (control mice). Mice were fed a diet rich in cholesterol and cholate for 1 or 2 weeks; gallbladders were collected and the number of gallstones was determined. Livers and biliary tissues were analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblots. We measured concentrations of bile acid, cholesterol, and phospholipid in bile and rates of bile flow. Primary hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were isolated and analyzed. HIF1A was knocked down in Hepa1-6 cells with small interfering RNAs. Liver biopsy samples from patients with NAFLD, with or without gallstones, were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Control mice fed a diet rich in cholesterol and cholate developed liver steatosis with hypoxia; levels of HIF1A protein were increased in hepatocytes around central veins and 90% of mice developed cholesterol gallstones. Only 20% of the iH-HIFKO mice developed cholesterol gallstones. In iH-HIFKO mice, the biliary lipid concentration was reduced by 36%, compared with control mice, and bile flow was increased by 35%. We observed increased water secretion from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi to mediate these effects, resulting in suppression of cholelithogenesis. Hepatic expression of aquaporin 8 (AQP8) protein was 1.5-fold higher in iH-HIFKO mice than in control mice. Under hypoxic conditions, cultured hepatocytes increased expression of Hif1a, Hmox1, and Vegfa messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and down-regulated expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein; AQP8 down-regulation was not observed in cells with knockdown of HIF1A. iH-HIFKO mice had reduced inflammation and mucin deposition in the gallbladder compared with control mice. Liver tissues from patients with NAFLD with gallstones had increased levels of HIF1A, HMOX1, and VEGFA mRNAs, compared with livers from patients with NAFLD without gallstones. CONCLUSIONS In steatotic livers of mice, hypoxia up-regulates expression of HIF1A, which reduces expression of AQP8 and concentrates biliary lipids via suppression of water secretion from hepatocytes. This promotes cholesterol gallstone formation. Livers from patients with NAFLD and gallstones express higher levels of HIF1A than livers from patients with NAFLD without gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Asai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Sohei Tsukita
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Midori Honma
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keigo Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Munakata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Shirai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kodama
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugisawa
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumiko Chiba
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Uno
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Despite the overwhelming prevalence of cholelithiasis, many health care professionals are not familiar with the basic pathophysiology of gallstone formation. This article provides an overview of the biochemical pathways related to bile, with a focus on the physical chemistry of bile. We describe the important factors in bile synthesis and secretion that affect the composition of bile and consequently its liquid state. Within this biochemical background lies the foundation for understanding the clinical and sonographic manifestation of cholelithiasis, including the pathophysiology of cholesterol crystallization, gallbladder sludge, and gallstones. There is a brief discussion of the clinical manifestations of inflammatory and obstructive cholestasis and the impact on bile metabolism and subsequently on liver function tests. Despite being the key modality in diagnosing cholelithiasis, ultrasound has a limited role in the characterization of stone composition.
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Mizutani S, Torisu S, Kaneko Y, Yamamoto S, Fujimoto S, Ong BHE, Naganobu K. Retrospective analysis of canine gallbladder contents in biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:366-374. [PMID: 27990011 PMCID: PMC5326943 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of canine gallbladder diseases, including biliary sludge, gallbladder
mucoceles and gallstones, is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the component
of gallbladder contents and bacterial infection of the gallbladder in order to elucidate
the pathophysiology of biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles. A total of 43 samples of
canine gallbladder contents (biliary sludge, 21 and gallbladder mucoceles, 22) were
subjected to component analysis by infrared spectroscopy, and the resultant infrared
spectra were compared with that of swine mucin. Of the 43 samples, 41 were also evaluated
by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture. The contents of 20 (95.2%) biliary sludge and
22 (100%) gallbladder mucocele samples exhibited similar infrared spectra as swine mucin.
Although biliary sludge and gallbladder mucocele contents exhibited similar infrared
spectra, one sample of biliary sludge (4.8%) was determined to be composed of proteins.
The rate of bacterial infection of the gallbladder was 10.0% for biliary sludge and 14.3%
for gallbladder mucoceles. Almost all of the identified bacterial species were intestinal
flora. These results indicate that the principal components of gallbladder contents in
both gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge are mucins and that both pathophysiologies
exhibit low rates of bacterial infection of the gallbladder. Therefore, it is possible
that gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge have the same pathophysiology, and, rather
than being independent diseases, they could possibly represent a continuous disease. Thus,
biliary sludge could be considered as the stage preceding the appearance of gallbladder
mucoceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Mizutani
- University of Miyazaki Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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43
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Chen Y, Wu S, Tian Y, Kong J. Phosphorylation and subcellular localization of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) are associated with altered gallbladder absorptive function after formation of cholesterol gallstones. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:133-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Pelagalli A, Squillacioti C, Mirabella N, Meli R. Aquaporins in Health and Disease: An Overview Focusing on the Gut of Different Species. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:1213. [PMID: 27472320 PMCID: PMC5000611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) play a pivotal role in gut homeostasis since their distribution and function is modulated both in physiological and in pathophysiological conditions. The transport of water and solutes through gut epithelia is essential for osmoregulation and digestive and absorptive functions. This passage is regulated by different AQP isoforms and characterized by their peculiar distribution in the gastrointestinal tract. To date, AQP localization has been identified in the gut and associated organs of several mammalian species by different techniques (immunohistochemical, western blotting, and RT-PCR). The present review describes the modulation of AQP expression, distribution, and function in gut pathophysiology. At the same time, the comparative description of AQP in animal species sheds light on the full range of AQP functions and the screening of their activity as transport modulators, diagnostic biomarkers, and drug targets. Moreover, the phenotype of knockout mice for several AQPs and their compensatory role and the use of specific AQP inhibitors have been also reviewed. The reported data could be useful to design future research in both basic and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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45
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Tharp KM, Khalifeh-Soltani A, Park HM, Yurek DA, Falcon A, Wong L, Feng R, Atabai K, Stahl A. Prevention of gallbladder hypomotility via FATP2 inhibition protects from lithogenic diet-induced cholelithiasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G855-64. [PMID: 27033116 PMCID: PMC4888547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00316.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a widespread disorder costing billions for annual treatment in the United States. The primary mechanisms underlying gallstone formation are biliary cholesterol supersaturation and gallbladder hypomotility. The relative contribution of these two processes has been difficult to dissect, as experimental lithogenic diets cause both bile supersaturation and alterations in gallbladder motility. Importantly, there is no mechanistic explanation for obesity as a major risk factor for cholelithiasis. We discovered that lithogenic diets induce ectopic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, a major feature of obesity and a known muscle contraction impairing condition. We hypothesized that prevention of TAG accumulation in gallbladder walls may prevent gallbladder contractile dysfunction without impacting biliary cholesterol saturation. We utilized adeno-associated virus-mediated knock down of the long-chain fatty acid transporter 2 (FATP2; Slc27A2), which is highly expressed by gallbladder epithelial cells, to downregulate lithogenic diet-associated TAG accumulation. FATP2-knockdown significantly reduced gallbladder TAG, but did not affect key bile composition parameters. Importantly, measurements with force displacement transducers showed that contractile strength in FATP2-knockdown gallbladders was significantly greater than in control gallbladders following lithogenic diet administration, and the magnitude of this effect was sufficient to prevent the formation of gallstones. FATP2-driven fatty acid uptake and the subsequent TAG accumulation in gallbladder tissue plays a pivotal role in cholelithiasis, and prevention of this process can protect from gallstone formation, even in the context of supersaturated bile cholesterol levels, thus pointing to new treatment approaches and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Tharp
- 1Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Amin Khalifeh-Soltani
- 2Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Hyo Min Park
- 1Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | | | - Alaric Falcon
- 1Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Louis Wong
- 1Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Rouying Feng
- 1Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Kamran Atabai
- 2Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
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46
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Espinoza JA, Bizama C, García P, Ferreccio C, Javle M, Miquel JF, Koshiol J, Roa JC. The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:245-54. [PMID: 26980625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a lethal disease with notable geographical variations worldwide and a predilection towards women. Its main risk factor is prolonged exposure to gallstones, although bacterial infections and other inflammatory conditions are also associated. The recurrent cycles of gallbladder epithelium damage and repair enable a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes progressive morphological impairment through a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma, along with cumulative genome instability. Inactivation of TP53, which is mutated in over 50% of GBC cases, seems to be the earliest and one of the most important carcinogenic pathways involved. Increased cell turnover and oxidative stress promote early alteration of TP53, cell cycle deregulation, apoptosis and replicative senescence. In this review, we will discuss evidence for the role of inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis obtained through epidemiological studies, genome-wide association studies, experimental carcinogenesis, morphogenetic studies and comparative studies with other inflammation-driven malignancies. The evidence strongly supports chronic, unresolved inflammation as the main carcinogenic mechanism of gallbladder cancer, regardless of the initial etiologic trigger. Given this central role of inflammation, evaluation of the potential for GBC prevention removing causes of inflammation or using anti-inflammatory drugs in high-risk populations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE171 76, Sweden
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Department of Public Health, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan F Miquel
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20850, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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47
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Ambe PC, Gödde D, Zirngibl H, Störkel S. Aquaporin-1 and 8 expression in the gallbladder mucosa might not be associated with the development of gallbladder stones in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:227-33. [PMID: 26707370 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecystolithiasis is a highly prevalent condition in the Western world. Gallbladder stone-related conditions represent the second most common gastrointestinal pathology. Cholesterol stones represent over 80% of gallstones. Cholesterol stones develop secondary to crystallization of bile cholesterol. Water resorption from gallbladder bile via aquaporin in the gallbladder mucosa might play a role in the development of cholesterol stones. This study investigated the expression of Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) in the human gallbladder mucosa and their possible association with the formation of gallbladder stones. METHODS The expression of AQP1 and AQP8 in the gallbladder mucosa was examined via immunohistochemical staining. The expression of both AQP1 and AQP8 in the gallbladder mucosa of stone carriers (study group) was compared to that of nonstone carriers (control group). RESULTS Eighty-four gallbladder specimens from 44 male (52·2%) and 40 female (47·6%) patients were analysed. The study group included 47 specimens from stone carriers, while 37 specimens from stone-free gallbladders were included in the control group. Immunostaining for both AQP1 and AQP8 was positive in 80 cases. AQP1 was expressed both over the apical and intercellular membrane, while AQP8 was expressed only over the apical membrane. A similar distribution was recorded in specimens from the cystic duct. Immunostaining with AQP1 was generally stronger in comparison with AQP8. No significant (P > 0·05) relationship was found between aquaporin expression and the presence or absence of gallbladder stones. CONCLUSION AQP1 and AQP8 are both expressed in the gallbladder and cystic duct mucosa. However, their role in the development of gallbladder stones is still to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Ambe
- Department of Surgery II, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel Gödde
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hubert Zirngibl
- Department of Surgery II, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Störkel
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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48
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Chiu CC, Lee KJ, Weng SF, Yang YM, Lin YS. Gallstone is correlated with an increased risk of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009018. [PMID: 26419682 PMCID: PMC4593166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to test the hypothesis that gallstone disease (GSD) is a risk factor for the development of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Research has shown risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with GSD; however, well-conducted English studies on the association between GSD and the development of ISSNHL are lacking. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. PARTICIPANTS We compared 26,449 patients diagnosed with GSD between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2007, with 52,898 age-matched, gender-matched and comorbidities propensity scores-matched controls. OUTCOME MEASURED We followed each patient until the end of 2011 and evaluated the incidence of ISSNHL for at least 4 years after the initial GSD diagnosis. RESULTS The incidence of ISSNHL was 1.42 times higher in the GS cohort than in the non-GS cohort (9.27 vs 6.52/10,000 person-years). Using Cox proportional hazard regressions, the adjusted HR was 1.44 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.74). In the cohort of patients with GSD who needed a cholecystectomy, 37 patients suffered from ISSNHL. Among those patients, 31 (83.7%) patients sustained ISSNHL before cholecystectomy and 6 (16.2%) patients sustained ISSNHL after cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS A diagnosis of GSD may be an independent risk for ISSNHL. This finding suggests that an underlying vascular and inflammatory mechanism may contribute to the development of ISSNHL. Physicians may want to counsel patients with GSD to seek medical attention if they have hearing impairments, because patients may be at an increased risk of developing ISSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan and Liouying, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ji Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Song Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Center of General education, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Gregoire F, Lucidi V, Zerrad-Saadi A, Virreira M, Bolaky N, Delforge V, Lemmers A, Donckier V, Devière J, Demetter P, Perret J, Delporte C. Analysis of aquaporin expression in liver with a focus on hepatocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:347-63. [PMID: 26126651 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of aquaporins (AQPs) expression and transcriptional regulation will provide useful information for liver pathophysiology. We established a complete AQPs mRNA expression profile in human and mouse liver, as well as protein localization of expressed AQPs. Additionally, the modulation of AQPs mRNA levels in response to various agents was determined in human HuH7 cells and in primary culture of mouse hepatocytes. AQP1, AQP3, AQP7, AQP8, and AQP9 mRNA and protein expressions were detected in human liver, while only AQP6 and AQP11 mRNAs were detected. We reported for the first time the localization of AQP3 in Kupffer cells, AQP7 in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP9 in cholangiocytes. In addition, we confirmed the localization of AQP1 in endothelial cells, and of AQP8 and AQP9 in hepatocytes. On HuH7 cells, we reported the presence of AQP4 mRNA, confirmed the presence of AQP3, AQP7, and AQP11 mRNAs, but not of AQP8 mRNA. On primary culture of murine hepatocytes, AQP1 and AQP7 mRNAs were identified, while the presence of AQP3, AQP8, AQP9, and AQP11 mRNAs was confirmed. At the protein level, murine endothelial liver cells expressed AQP1 and AQP9, while hepatocytes expressed AQP3, AQP7, AQP8, and AQP9, and macrophages expressed AQP3. Dexamethasone, forskolin, AICAR, rosiglitazone, octanoylated, and non-octanoylated ghrelin regulated some AQP expression in primary culture of murine hepatocytes and human HuH7 cells. Additional studies will be required to further assess the role of AQPs expression in human and murine liver and understand the transcriptional regulation of AQPs in hepatocytes under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gregoire
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valério Lucidi
- Digestive Oncology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amal Zerrad-Saadi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myrna Virreira
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nargis Bolaky
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Delforge
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lemmers
- Gastroenterology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Digestive Oncology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Devière
- Gastroenterology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Anatomopathology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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50
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Wang B, Ding YM, Wang CT, Wang WX. Role of ROCK expression in gallbladder smooth muscle contraction. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2907-11. [PMID: 25955570 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common medical condition whose incidence rate is increasing yearly, while its pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated. The present study assessed the expression of Rho-kinase (ROCK) in gallbladder smooth muscles and its effect on the contractile function of gallbladder smooth muscles during gallstone formation. Thirty male guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups: The control group, the gallstone model group and the fasudil interference group. The fasting volume (FV) and bile capacity of the gallbladder (FB) as well as the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents of the gallbladder bile were determined. In addition, the gallbladder was dissected to identify whether any gallstones had formed. Part of the gallbladder tissue specimens were used for immunohistochemical analysis of ROCK expression in gallbladder smooth muscles. The results showed that four guinea pigs in the model group and eight in the fasudil group displayed gallstone formation, while there was no gallstone formation in the control group. The FV and FB were significantly increased in the model and fasudil groups. Similarly, the TC and TG contents of gallbladder bile were increased in these groups. The positive expression rate of ROCK in gallbladder smooth muscles in the model and fasudil groups was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that the reduction of ROCK expression in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscles weakened gallbladder contraction and thereby promoted gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - You-Ming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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