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Hidalgo-Álvarez J, Salas-Lucia F, Vera Cruz D, Fonseca TL, Bianco AC. Localized T3 production modifies the transcriptome and promotes the hepatocyte-like lineage in iPSC-derived hepatic organoids. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173780. [PMID: 37856222 PMCID: PMC10795825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) levels are low during development, and the deiodinases control TH signaling through tissue-specific activation or inactivation of TH. Here, we studied human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hepatic organoids and identified a robust induction of DIO2 expression (the deiodinase that activates T4 to T3) that occurs in hepatoblasts. The surge in DIO2-T3 (the deiodinase that activates thyroxine [T4] to triiodothyronine [T3]) persists until the hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocyte- or cholangiocyte-like cells, neither of which expresses DIO2. Preventing the induction of the DIO2-T3 signaling modified the expression of key transcription factors, decreased the number of hepatocyte-like cells by ~60%, and increased the number of cholangiocyte-like cells by ~55% without affecting the growth or the size of the mature liver organoid. Physiological levels of T3 could not fully restore the transition from hepatoblasts to mature cells. This indicates that the timed surge in DIO2-T3 signaling critically determines the fate of developing human hepatoblasts and the transcriptome of the maturing hepatocytes, with physiological and clinical implications for how the liver handles energy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Vera Cruz
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
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2
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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3
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Selenium and selenoproteins in thermogenic adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109445. [PMID: 36265651 PMCID: PMC9981474 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is involved in energy metabolism in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and may also play a role in thermogenic adipocytes, i.e. brown and beige adipocytes. Thereby this micronutrient is a key nutritional target to aid in combating obesity and metabolic diseases. In thermogenic adipocytes, particularly in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the selenoprotein type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) is essential for the activation of adaptive thermogenesis. Recent evidence has suggested that additional selenoproteins may also be participating in this process, and a role for Se itself through its metabolic pathways is also envisioned. In this review, we discuss the recognized effects and the knowledge gaps in the involvement of Se metabolism and selenoproteins in the mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in thermogenic (brown and beige) adipocytes.
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4
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Wibowo A, Hidayat T, Wahyuningrum SN. Type 2 Deiodinase A/G (Thr92Ala) Polymorphism and Circulating Thyroid Hormone Level of Childbearing Age Women in Area Replete with Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) is an enzyme that regulates thyroid hormone activity. DIO consists of three types: deiodinase 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 3 (D3). D2 is a gene that plays an important role in regulation of the biochemistry of the thyroid hormone in several tissues. D2 also plays a role in the production of triiodothyronine and controlling thyroid hormone signals. This study measured the observation that about 15% of the normal population show that D2 gene polymorphism (Thr92Ala) potentially affects the activity of D2.
AIM: This study aimed to determine D2 polymorphisms and their association with thyroid hormone levels in women of childbearing age in replete iodine deficiency disorder areas.
METHODS: Total number of subjects was 131. Analysis of serum TSH, T3, fT3, T4, and fT4 levels was done using ELISA. Polymorphism of Thr92Ala was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method.
RESULTS: The results showed that the frequencies of the genotypes Thr92Ala were AA 16.79%, AG 41.22%, and GG 41.99%, whereas the allele frequency A 37.5% and G 62.5% (p HWE = 0.171). In this study, we found no differences of TSH and thyroid hormone level between group of each allel. Mean of TSH and thyroid hormone level was on normal range.
CONCLUSION: This D2 polymorphism is associated with fT4 levels rather than fT3 but not statistically significant. Heterozygous alleles at D2 AG have higher TSH levels compared with homozygous alleles.
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Köhrle J, Frädrich C. Deiodinases control local cellular and systemic thyroid hormone availability. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:59-79. [PMID: 36206932 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are a family of selenoproteins controlling systemic and local availability of the major thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4), a prohormone secreted by the thyroid gland. T4 is activated to the active 3,3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) by two 5'-deiodinases, DIO1 and DIO2. DIO3, a 5-deiodinase selenoenzyme inactivates both the prohormone T4 and its active form T3. DIOs show species-specific different patterns of temporo-spatial expression, regulation and function and exhibit different mechanisms of reaction and inhibitor sensitivities. The main regulators of DIO expression and function are the thyroid hormone status, several growth factors, cytokines and altered pathophysiological conditions. Selenium (Se) status has a modest impact on DIO expression and translation. DIOs rank high in the priority of selenium supply to various selenoproteins; thus, their function is impaired only during severe selenium deficiency. DIO variants, polymorphisms, SNPs and rare mutations have been identified. Development of DIO isozyme selective drugs is ongoing. A first X-ray structure has been reported for DIO3. This review focusses on the biochemical characteristics and reaction mechanisms, the relationships between DIO selenoproteins and their importance for local and systemic provision of the active hormone T3. Nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental factors and inhibitors, such as endocrine disruptors, impact DIO functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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6
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RNAseq Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Thyroid of Newborn Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure Reveals Signs of Early Whitening of Adipose Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100996. [PMID: 36295898 PMCID: PMC9607389 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of BAT and thyroid tissue in newborn lambs exposed to cold conditions. Fifteen newborn Romney lambs were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 3) was a control, and groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) were kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20–22 °C) or at a cold temperature (4 °C), respectively. Sequencing was performed using a paired-end strategy through the BGISEQ-500 platform, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes using DESeq2 and an enrichment analysis by g:Profiler. This study provides an in-depth expression network of the main characters involved in the thermogenesis and fat-whitening mechanisms that take place in the newborn lamb. Data revealed no significant differential expression of key thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, suggesting that the heat production peak under cold exposure might occur so rapidly and in such an immediate way that it may seem undetectable in BAT by day three of life. Moreover, these changes in expression might indicate the start of the whitening process of the adipose tissue, concluding the non-shivering thermogenesis period.
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7
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Fonseca TL, Russo SC, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Bianco AC. Inactivation of Type 3 Deiodinase Results in Life-long Changes in the Brown Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac026. [PMID: 35238380 PMCID: PMC8988869 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis in small mammals and infants takes place in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Heat is produced via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated uncoupling between oxidation of energy substrates and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a role in this process. The deiodinases activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (D2) or inactivate T4 and T3 to 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine and T2 (D3), respectively. Using a mouse model with selective inactivation of Dio3 in BAT (flox-Dio3 × UCP1-cre = BAT-D3KO), we now show that knocking out D3 resulted in premature exposure of developing brown adipocytes (embryonic days 16.5-18.5) to T3 signaling, leading to an earlier expression of key BAT genes, including Cidea, Cox8b, Dio2, Ucp1, and Pgc1α. Adult BAT-D3KO mice exhibited increased expression of 1591 genes as assessed by RNA sequencing, including 19 gene sets related to mitochondria, 8 related to fat, and 8 related to glucose homeostasis. The expression of 243 genes was changed by more than 1.5-fold, 36 of which play a role in metabolic/thermogenic processes. BAT-D3KO mice weigh less and exhibit smaller white adipocyte area, but maintain normal energy expenditure at room temperature (22 °C) and in the cold (4 °C). They also defend their core temperature more effectively and do not lose as much body weight when exposed to cold. We conclude that the coordinated actions of Dio3 in the embryonic BAT define the timing and intensity of T3 signaling during brown adipogenesis. Enhanced T3 signaling during BAT embryogenesis (Dio3 inactivation) results in selective life-long modifications in the BAT transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Samuel C Russo
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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8
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Zhang H, Huang H, Zheng P, Feng R, Wang X, Huang F, Ma M, Tian Y, Zhang G. The alleviative effect of thyroid hormone on cold stress-induced apotosis via HSP70 and mitochondrial apoptosis signal pathway in bovine Sertoli cells. Cryobiology 2021; 105:63-70. [PMID: 34863702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone was involved in gene expression and functional regulation in various signal pathways. Cold stress can increase triiodothyronine (T3) level in the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of T3 on HSP70 expression and apoptosis in Sertoli cells (SCs) under cold stress in vitro culture at 26 °C, and provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of bulls in cold areas. SCs were treated with different cold stress duration and different T3 concentrations for pre-screening. HSP70 inhibitor was added later, and the apoptotic rate was measured using flow cytometry. The expression of HSP70 and the main genes of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were determined by means of real-time PCR and western-blot, respectively. The localization of HSP70 was assessed by immunofluorescence. The results showed that cold stress (26 °C, 6 h) played an inductive role in SCs apoptotic rate (P < 0.01) and the transfer of HSP70 into the nucleus. 100 nM T3 further promoted HSP70 expression and its transfer into the nucleus, which significantly inhibited the expression of vital genes (cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3) in mitochondrial pathway (P < 0.05). Subsequently, higher survival and lower apoptotic rates of SCs (P < 0.01) were observed. When T3 and HSP70 inhibitor were added together, the expression of cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were inhibited (P < 0.05), and then the declining apoptotic rate increased again (P < 0.01). In conclusion, T3 can regulate HSP70 expression and translocation to mediate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to inhibit SCs apoptosis induced by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Imprinted lncRNA Dio3os preprograms intergenerational brown fat development and obesity resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6845. [PMID: 34824246 PMCID: PMC8617289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic disorders but little is known about the contribution of offspring brown adipose tissue (BAT). We find that MO impairs fetal BAT development, which persistently suppresses BAT thermogenesis and primes female offspring to metabolic dysfunction. In fetal BAT, MO enhances expression of Dio3, which encodes deiodinase 3 (D3) to catabolize triiodothyronine (T3), while a maternally imprinted long noncoding RNA, Dio3 antisense RNA (Dio3os), is inhibited, leading to intracellular T3 deficiency and suppression of BAT development. Gain and loss of function shows Dio3os reduces D3 content and enhances BAT thermogenesis, rendering female offspring resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity. Attributing to Dio3os inactivation, its promoter has higher DNA methylation in obese dam oocytes which persists in fetal and adult BAT, uncovering an oocyte origin of intergenerational obesity. Overall, our data uncover key features of Dio3os activation in BAT to prevent intergenerational obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Maternal obesity predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic disorders through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors report that Dio3os is an imprinted long-coding RNA that modulates brown adipose tissue development and obesity resistance in the offspring.
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10
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Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Ng L, Forrest D. Thyroid Hormone Deiodinases: Dynamic Switches in Developmental Transitions. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab091. [PMID: 33963379 PMCID: PMC8248586 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic, essential actions in mammalian, including human, development. These actions depend on provision of thyroid hormones in the circulation but also to a remarkable extent on deiodinase enzymes in target tissues that amplify or deplete the local concentration of the primary active form of the hormone T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine), the high affinity ligand for thyroid hormone receptors. Genetic analyses in mice have revealed key roles for activating (DIO2) and inactivating (DIO3) deiodinases in cell differentiation fates and tissue maturation, ultimately promoting neonatal viability, growth, fertility, brain development, and behavior, as well as metabolic, endocrine, and sensory functions. An emerging paradigm is how the opposing activities of DIO2 and DIO3 are coordinated, providing a dynamic switch that controls the developmental timing of a tissue response, often during neonatal and maturational transitions. A second paradigm is how cell to cell communication within a tissue determines the response to T3. Deiodinases in specific cell types, often strategically located near to blood vessels that convey thyroid hormones into the tissue, can regulate neighboring cell types, suggesting a paracrine-like layer of control of T3 action. We discuss deiodinases as switches for developmental transitions and their potential to influence tissue dysfunction in human thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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11
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Abstract
Deiodinases modify the biological activity of thyroid hormone (TH) molecules, ie, they may activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), or they may inactivate T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) or T4 to reverse triiodothyronine (rT3). Although evidence of deiodination of T4 to T3 has been available since the 1950s, objective evidence of TH metabolism was not established until the 1970s. The modern paradigm considers that the deiodinases not only play a role in the homeostasis of circulating T3, but they also provide dynamic control of TH signaling: cells that express the activating type 2 deiodinase (D2) have enhanced TH signaling due to intracellular build-up of T3; the opposite is seen in cells that express type 3 deiodinase (D3), the inactivating deiodinase. D2 and D3 are expressed in metabolically relevant tissues such as brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver, and their roles have been investigated using cell, animal, and human models. During development, D2 and D3 expression customize for each tissue/organ the timing and intensity of TH signaling. In adult cells, D2 is induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and its expression is invariably associated with enhanced T3 signaling, expression of PGC1 and accelerated energy expenditure. In contrast, D3 expression is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1a), dampening T3 signaling and the metabolic rate. The coordinated expression of these enzymes adjusts TH signaling in a time- and tissue-specific fashion, affecting metabolic pathways in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Russo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Federico Salas-Lucia
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Fonseca TL, Garcia T, Fernandes GW, Nair TM, Bianco AC. Neonatal thyroxine activation modifies epigenetic programming of the liver. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4446. [PMID: 34290257 PMCID: PMC8295303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 deiodinase (D2) in the neonatal liver accelerates local thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) production and expression of T3-responsive genes. Here we show that this surge in T3 permanently modifies hepatic gene expression. Liver-specific Dio2 inactivation (Alb-D2KO) transiently increases H3K9me3 levels during post-natal days 1-5 (P1-P5), and results in methylation of 1,508 DNA sites (H-sites) in the adult mouse liver. These sites are associated with 1,551 areas of reduced chromatin accessibility (RCA) within core promoters and 2,426 within intergenic regions, with reduction in the expression of 1,363 genes. There is strong spatial correlation between density of H-sites and RCA sites. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data reveals a set of 81 repressed genes with a promoter RCA in contact with an intergenic RCA ~300 Kbp apart, within the same topologically associating domain (χ2 = 777; p < 0.00001). These data explain how the systemic hormone T3 acts locally during development to define future expression of hepatic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tzintzuni Garcia
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Murlidharan Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences and CS/Informatics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Central vs. Peripheral Action of Thyroid Hormone in Adaptive Thermogenesis: A Burning Topic. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061327. [PMID: 34071979 PMCID: PMC8229489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) contribute to the control of adaptive thermogenesis, which is associated with both higher energy expenditure and lower body mass index. While it was clearly established that TH act directly in the target tissues to fulfill its metabolic activities, some studies have rather suggested that TH act in the hypothalamus to control these processes. This paradigm shift has subjected the topic to intense debates. This review aims to recapitulate how TH control adaptive thermogenesis and to what extent the brain is involved in this process. This is of crucial importance for the design of new pharmacological agents that would take advantage of the TH metabolic properties.
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Seale LA, Ogawa-Wong AN, Watanabe LM, Khadka VS, Menor M, Torres DJ, Carlson BA, Hatfield DL, Berry MJ. Adaptive Thermogenesis in a Mouse Model Lacking Selenoprotein Biosynthesis in Brown Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E611. [PMID: 33435397 PMCID: PMC7827413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a class of proteins with the selenium-containing amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) in their primary structure. Sec is incorporated into selenoproteins via recoding of the stop codon UGA, with specific cis and trans factors required during translation to avoid UGA recognition as a stop codon, including a Sec-specific tRNA, tRNA[Ser]Sec, encoded in mice by the gene Trsp. Whole-body deletion of Trsp in mouse is embryonically lethal, while targeted deletion of Trsp in mice has been used to understand the role of selenoproteins in the health and physiology of various tissues. We developed a mouse model with the targeted deletion of Trsp in brown adipocytes (Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/-), a cell type predominant in brown adipose tissue (BAT) controlling energy expenditure via activation of adaptive thermogenesis, mostly using uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). At room temperature, Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice maintain oxygen consumption and Ucp1 expression, with male Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice accumulating more triglycerides in BAT than both female Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice or Trspf/f controls. Acute cold exposure neither reduced core body temperature nor changed the expression of selenoprotein iodothyronine deiodinase type II (Dio2), a marker of adaptive thermogenesis, in Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice. Microarray analysis of BAT from Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice revealed glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 (Gsta3) and ELMO domain containing 2 (Elmod2) as the transcripts most affected by the loss of Trsp. Male Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre+/- mice showed mild hypothyroidism while downregulating thyroid hormone-responsive genes Thrsp and Tshr in their BATs. In summary, modest changes in the BAT of Trspf/f-Ucp1-Cre +/- mice implicate a mild thyroid hormone dysfunction in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A. Seale
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.N.O.-W.); (L.M.W.); (D.J.T.)
- Pacific Biomedical Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Ashley N. Ogawa-Wong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.N.O.-W.); (L.M.W.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Ligia M. Watanabe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.N.O.-W.); (L.M.W.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Vedbar S. Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (V.S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Mark Menor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (V.S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.N.O.-W.); (L.M.W.); (D.J.T.)
- Pacific Biomedical Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.C.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.C.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biomedical Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
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Tsibulnikov S, Maslov L, Voronkov N, Oeltgen P. Thyroid hormones and the mechanisms of adaptation to cold. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:329-339. [PMID: 32399937 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, oxygen consumption, and the release of energy in the form of heat to maintain the body. Even at rest, these processes are sensitive to changes in thyroid function. This means that along with the adrenergic system, thyroid function determines the organism's ability to adapt to cold. Cold adaptation causes deiodination of thyroxine (T4) and thus promotes an increase in blood triiodothyronine (T3) levels in humans and animals. Triiodothyronine is an inductor of iodothyronine deiodinase expression in brown fat, liver, and kidney. Iodothyronine deiodinase plays an important role in adaptation of the organism to cold by contributing to high adrenergic reactivity of brown fat. T3 also leads to an increase in expression of uncoupling proteins and uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in heat production. The aim of this article is to review the available literature regarding the role of thyroid hormones in adaptation to cold and to present the current knowledge of the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying their action during cold adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Tsibulnikov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Kyevskaya St.111A, Tomsk, 634012, Russia
| | - Leonid Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Kyevskaya St.111A, Tomsk, 634012, Russia.
| | - Nikita Voronkov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Kyevskaya St.111A, Tomsk, 634012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave. 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Peter Oeltgen
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Yau WW, Yen PM. Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083020. [PMID: 32344721 PMCID: PMC7215895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis is the production of heat that occurs in all warm-blooded animals. During cold exposure, there is obligatory thermogenesis derived from body metabolism as well as adaptive thermogenesis through shivering and non-shivering mechanisms. The latter mainly occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and muscle; however, white adipose tissue (WAT) also can undergo browning via adrenergic stimulation to acquire thermogenic potential. Thyroid hormone (TH) also exerts profound effects on thermoregulation, as decreased body temperature and increased body temperature occur during hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. We have termed the TH-mediated thermogenesis under thermoneutral conditions “activated” thermogenesis. TH acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein (Ucp1) to generate heat. TH acts centrally to activate the BAT and browning through the sympathetic nervous system. However, recent studies also show that TH acts peripherally on the BAT to directly stimulate Ucp1 expression and thermogenesis through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Additionally, THs can exert Ucp1-independent effects on thermogenesis, most likely through activation of exothermic metabolic pathways. This review summarizes thermogenic effects of THs on adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred W Yau
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Ochsner SA, McKenna NJ. No Dataset Left Behind: Mechanistic Insights into Thyroid Receptor Signaling Through Transcriptomic Consensome Meta-Analysis. Thyroid 2020; 30:621-639. [PMID: 31910096 PMCID: PMC7187985 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Discovery-scale omics datasets relevant to thyroid receptors (TRs) and their physiological and synthetic bioactive small-molecule ligands allow for genome-wide interrogation of TR-regulated genes. These datasets have considerable collective value as a reference resource to allow researchers to routinely generate hypotheses addressing the mechanisms underlying the cell biology and physiology of TR signaling in normal and disease states. Methods: Here, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify a population of publicly archived transcriptomic datasets involving genetic or pharmacological manipulation of either TR isoform in a mouse tissue or cell line. After initial quality control, samples were organized into contrasts (experiments), and transcript differential expression values and associated measures of significance were generated and committed to a consensome (for consensus omics) meta-analysis pipeline. To gain insight into tissue-selective functions of TRs, we generated liver- and central nervous system (CNS)-specific consensomes and identified evidence for genes that were selectively responsive to TR signaling in each organ. Results: The TR transcriptomic consensome ranks genes based on the frequency of their significant differential expression over the entire group of experiments. The TR consensome assigns elevated rankings both to known TR-regulated genes and to genes previously uncharacterized as TR-regulated, which shed mechanistic light on known cellular and physiological roles of TR signaling in different organs. We identify evidence for unreported genomic targets of TR signaling for which it exhibits strikingly distinct regulatory preferences in the liver and CNS. Moreover, the intersection of the TR consensome with consensomes for other cellular receptors sheds light on transcripts potentially mediating crosstalk between TRs and these other signaling paradigms. Conclusions: The mouse TR datasets and consensomes are freely available in the Signaling Pathways Project website for hypothesis generation, data validation, and modeling of novel mechanisms of TR regulation of gene expression. Our results demonstrate the insights into the mechanistic basis of thyroid hormone action that can arise from an ongoing commitment on the part of the research community to the deposition of discovery-scale datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Ochsner
- The Signaling Pathways Project, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- The Signaling Pathways Project, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Address correspondence to: Neil J. McKenna, PhD, The Signaling Pathways Project, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Han KH, Arlian BM, Lin CW, Jin HY, Kang GH, Lee S, Lee PCW, Lerner RA. Agonist Antibody Converts Stem Cells into Migrating Brown Adipocyte-Like Cells in Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010256. [PMID: 31968623 PMCID: PMC7017361 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present data showing that Iodotyrosine Deiodinase (IYD) is a dual-function enzyme acting as a catalyst in metabolism and a receptor for cooperative stem cell differentiation. IYD is present both in thyroid cells where it is critical for scavenging iodine from halogenated by-products of thyroid hormone production and on hematopoietic stem cells. To close the cooperative loop, the mono- and di-Iodotyrosine (MIT and DIT) substrates of IYD in the thyroid are also agonists for IYD now acting as a receptor on bone marrow stem cells. While studying intracellular combinatorial antibody libraries, we discovered an agonist antibody, H3 Ab, of which the target is the enzyme IYD. When agonized by H3 Ab, IYD expressed on stem cells induces differentiation of the cells into brown adipocyte-like cells, which selectively migrate to mouse heart tissue. H3 Ab also binds to IYD expressed on human myocardium. Thus, one has a single enzyme acting in different ways on different cells for the cooperative purpose of enhancing thermogenesis or of regenerating damaged heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Britni M. Arlian
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Geun-Hyung Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sahmin Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.C.-W.L.); (R.A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2799 (P.C.-W.L.); +1-858-784-8265 (R.A.L.)
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.-W.L.); (R.A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2799 (P.C.-W.L.); +1-858-784-8265 (R.A.L.)
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Junker D, Syväri J, Weidlich D, Holzapfel C, Drabsch T, Waschulzik B, Rummeny EJ, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. Investigation of the Relationship between MR-Based Supraclavicular Fat Fraction and Thyroid Hormones. Obes Facts 2020; 13:331-343. [PMID: 32564012 PMCID: PMC7445585 DOI: 10.1159/000507294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a potential role in energy and glucose metabolism in humans. Thyroid hormones (TH) are main regulators of BAT development and function. However, it remains unknown how the magnetic resonance (MR)-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of supraclavicular adipose tissue used as a surrogate marker for BAT presence relates to TH. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between supraclavicular PDFF and serum levels of TH. METHODS In total, 96 adult volunteers from a large cross-sectional study who underwent additional MR examination of the neck and pelvis were included in this analysis. Segmented PDFF maps of the supraclavicular and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were generated. Delta PDFF was calculated as the difference between gluteal and supraclavicular PDFF and grouped as high (≥12%) or low (<12%) based on the median and the clinical rationale of a high versus low probability of BAT being present. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (mIU/L), free triiodothyronine (FT3, pg/mL) and free thyroxine (FT4, ng/dL) levels were determined in blood samples. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2. Statistical analyses included the use of paired samples ttest, simple linear regression analysis and a multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS The median age of the subjects (77% female) was 33 years, BMI ranged from 17.2 to 43.1 kg/m2. Supraclavicular and gluteal PDFF differed significantly (76.5 ± 4.8 vs. 89.4 ± 3.5 %, p < 0.01). Supraclavicular PDFF was associated with FT3 in subjects with high delta PDFF (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.01), with higher FT3 being associated with lower supraclavicular PDFF (y = 85.2 + -3.6 x). In a multivariable linear regression analysis considering further potential prognostic factors, the interaction between the delta PDFF group and FT3 remained a predictor for supraclavicular PDFF (B = -4.65, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Supraclavicular PDFF corresponds to the presence of BAT. In the present analysis, supraclavicular PDFF is correlated with FT3 in subjects with high delta PDFF. Therefore, the present findings suggest that biologically active T3 may be involved in the development of supraclavicular BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | - Jan Syväri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Waschulzik
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Basolo A, Begaye B, Hollstein T, Vinales KL, Walter M, Santini F, Krakoff J, Piaggi P. Effects of Short-Term Fasting and Different Overfeeding Diets on Thyroid Hormones in Healthy Humans. Thyroid 2019; 29:1209-1219. [PMID: 31298652 PMCID: PMC6864752 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: A greater decrease in 24-hour energy expenditure (EE) during fasting and a smaller increase in 24-hour EE during low-protein overfeeding (metabolic "thrifty" phenotype) predict weight gain. As thyroid hormones (TH) are implicated in energy intake and metabolism, we assessed whether: (i) TH concentrations are altered by 24-hour fasting or overfeeding diets with varying protein content and (ii) diet-related changes in TH correlate with concomitant changes in EE. Methods: Fifty-eight euthyroid healthy subjects with normal glucose regulation underwent 24-hour dietary interventions including fasting, eucaloric feeding, and five overfeeding diets in a crossover design within a whole-room indirect calorimeter to measure the 24-hour EE. Overfeeding diets (200% of energy requirements) included three diets with 20% protein, one diet with 3% protein (low-protein overfeeding diet [LPF]: 46% fat), and one diet with 30% protein (high-protein overfeeding diet [HPF]: 44% fat, n = 51). Plasma free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations were measured after overnight fast the morning of and after each diet. Results: On average, fT4 increased by 8% (+0.10 ng/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI 0.07-0.13], p < 0.0001) and fT3 decreased by 6% (-0.17 pg/mL [CI -0.27 to -0.07], p = 0.001) after 24-hour fasting, whereas both fT4 and fT3 decreased by 5% (-0.07 ng/dL [CI -0.11 to -0.04], p < 0.0001) and 4% (-0.14 pg/mL [CI -0.24 to -0.04], p = 0.008) following HPF, respectively. Greater decreases in fT3 after HPF are associated with larger decreases in FGF21 (r = 0.40, p = 0.005). Following LPF, the mean fT3 increased by 6% (+0.14 pg/mL [CI 0.05-0.2], p = 0.003) with no change in fT4 (p = 0.7). No changes in TH were observed after normal-protein overfeeding diets (all p > 0.1). No associations were observed between TH concentrations and diet-related changes in 24-hour EE during any diet (all p > 0.07). Conclusions: Acute (200%) short-term (24 hours) changes in food intake induce small changes in TH concentrations only after diets with low (0% fasting and 3% protein overfeeding) or high (30% protein overfeeding) protein content. The fT3-FGF21 association after high-protein overfeeding suggests a role for TH in inhibiting FGF21 secretion by the liver during protein excess. These results indicate that TH are involved in protein metabolism; however, they do not mediate the short-term EE response to diets that characterize the metabolic phenotypes and determine the individual susceptibility to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brittany Begaye
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tim Hollstein
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karyne L. Vinales
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity Research Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
- Address correspondence to: Paolo Piaggi, PhD, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 North 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016
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Bianco AC, Dumitrescu A, Gereben B, Ribeiro MO, Fonseca TL, Fernandes GW, Bocco BMLC. Paradigms of Dynamic Control of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1000-1047. [PMID: 31033998 PMCID: PMC6596318 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on the cell type, can be activated (i.e., T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (i.e., T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-l-thyronine or T4 to reverse T3 conversion). These reactions are catalyzed by the deiodinases. The biologically active hormone, T3, eventually binds to intracellular TH receptors (TRs), TRα and TRβ, and initiate TH signaling, that is, regulation of target genes and other metabolic pathways. At least three families of transmembrane transporters, MCT, OATP, and LAT, facilitate the entry of TH into cells, which follow the gradient of free hormone between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Inactivation or marked downregulation of TH transporters can dampen TH signaling. At the same time, dynamic modifications in the expression or activity of TRs and transcriptional coregulators can affect positively or negatively the intensity of TH signaling. However, the deiodinases are the element that provides greatest amplitude in dynamic control of TH signaling. Cells that express the activating deiodinase DIO2 can rapidly enhance TH signaling due to intracellular buildup of T3. In contrast, TH signaling is dampened in cells that express the inactivating deiodinase DIO3. This explains how THs can regulate pathways in development, metabolism, and growth, despite rather stable levels in the circulation. As a consequence, TH signaling is unique for each cell (tissue or organ), depending on circulating TH levels and on the exclusive blend of transporters, deiodinases, and TRs present in each cell. In this review we explore the key mechanisms underlying customization of TH signaling during development, in health and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biologic Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Yau WW, Singh BK, Lesmana R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Wong KA, Wu Y, Bay BH, Sugii S, Sun L, Yen PM. Thyroid hormone (T 3) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:131-150. [PMID: 30209975 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) activates thermogenesis by uncoupling electron transport from ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria. Although T3 can induce thermogenesis by sympathetic innervation, little is known about its cell autonomous effects on BAT mitochondria. We thus examined effects of T3 on mitochondrial activity, autophagy, and metabolism in primary brown adipocytes and BAT and found that T3 increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration as well as autophagic flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, there was no significant induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) despite high mitochondrial respiration and UCP1 induction by T3. However, when cells were treated with Atg5 siRNA to block autophagy, induction of mitochondrial respiration by T3 decreased, and was accompanied by ROS accumulation, demonstrating a critical role for autophagic mitochondrial turnover. We next generated an Atg5 conditional knockout mouse model (Atg5 cKO) by injecting Ucp1 promoter-driven Cre-expressing adenovirus into Atg5Flox/Flox mice to examine effects of BAT-specific autophagy on thermogenesis in vivo. Hyperthyroid Atg5 cKO mice exhibited lower body temperature than hyperthyroid or euthyroid control mice. Metabolomic analysis showed that T3 increased short and long chain acylcarnitines in BAT, consistent with increased β-oxidation. T3 also decreased amino acid levels, and in conjunction with SIRT1 activation, decreased MTOR activity to stimulate autophagy. In summary, T3 has direct effects on mitochondrial autophagy, activity, and turnover in BAT that are essential for thermogenesis. Stimulation of BAT activity by thyroid hormone or its analogs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic diseases. Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Acsl1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAT: brown adipose tissue; cKO: conditional knockout; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; Cpt1b: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIO2: deiodinase, iodothyronine, type 2; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Fabp4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; Gpx1: glutathione peroxidase 1; Lipe: lipase, hormone sensitive; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Nrf1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; Pnpla2: patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2; Prdm16: PR domain containing 16; PRKA: protein kinase, AMP-activated; RPS6KB: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Sod1: superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; Sod2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; T3: 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier); ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VDAC1: voltage-dependent anion channel 1; WAT: white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred W Yau
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,b Physiology Division, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia.,c Central laboratory , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Jin Zhou
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,d Department of Endocrinology , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| | - Kiraely A Wong
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Yajun Wu
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,f Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR , Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,g Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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Şahin M, Canpolat AG, Çorapçioğlu D, Canpolat U, Emral R, Uysal AR. Association between circulating irisin levels and epicardial fat in patients with treatment-naïve overt hyperthyroidism. Biomarkers 2018; 23:742-747. [PMID: 29862847 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1485056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased metabolic activity and thermogenesis. Irisin is a key molecule in thermogenesis and energy expenditure via adipose tissue browning. Epicardial fat was previously defined as brown-like fat. Thus, here we aimed to evaluate the association between serum irisin level and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS A total of 25 hyperthyroid patients and 24 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum irisin levels, thyroid hormone levels, and body compositions were compared. EFT was measured via transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS Serum irisin level and EFT were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The distributions of fat-free mass, muscle mass and fat mass were similar between the study groups. Serum irisin level was negatively correlated with TSH (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with fT3 (p < 0.001), fT4 (p < 0.001) and TSH receptor antibody (p = 0.002) levels and EFT (p = 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, TSH (β = -0.475, p < 0.001) and EFT (β = 0.290, p = 0.023) levels were significantly associated with serum irisin levels. CONCLUSIONS An increased serum irisin level associated with EFT might contribute to metabolic derangement in hyperthyroidism. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether irisin levels and EFT are affected by hyperthyroidism or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şahin
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Asena Gökçay Canpolat
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçioğlu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Uğur Canpolat
- b Department of Cardiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Rıfat Emral
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Uysal
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone signaling is customized in a time and cell-specific manner by the deiodinases, homodimeric thioredoxin fold containing selenoproteins. This ensures adequate T3 action in developing tissues, healthy adults and many disease states. D2 activates thyroid hormone by converting the pro-hormone T4 to T3, the biologically active thyroid hormone. D2 expression is tightly regulated by transcriptional mechanisms triggered by endogenous as well as environmental cues. There is also an on/off switch mechanism that controls D2 activity that is triggered by catalysis and functions via D2 ubiquitination/deubiquitination. D3 terminates thyroid hormone action by inactivation of both T4 and T3 molecules. Deiodinases play a role in thyroid hormone homeostasis, development, growth and metabolic control by affecting the intracellular levels of T3 and thus gene expression on a cell-specific basis. In many cases, tight control of these pathways by T3 is achieved with coordinated reciprocal changes in D2-mediated thyroid hormone activation D3-mediated thyroid hormone inactivation.
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Ng L, Liu H, St. Germain DL, Hernandez A, Forrest D. Deletion of the Thyroid Hormone-Activating Type 2 Deiodinase Rescues Cone Photoreceptor Degeneration but Not Deafness in Mice Lacking Type 3 Deiodinase. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1999-2010. [PMID: 28324012 PMCID: PMC5460942 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 deiodinase amplifies and type 3 deiodinase depletes levels of the active form of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine. Given the opposing activities of these enzymes, we tested the hypothesis that they counteract each other's developmental functions by investigating whether deletion of type 2 deiodinase (encoded by Dio2) modifies sensory phenotypes in type 3 deiodinase-deficient (Dio3-/-) mice. Dio3-/- mice display degeneration of retinal cones, the photoreceptors that mediate daylight and color vision. In Dio2-/- mice, cone function was largely normal but deletion of Dio2 in Dio3-/- mice markedly recovered cone numbers and electroretinogram responses, suggesting counterbalancing roles for both enzymes in cone survival. Both Dio3-/- and Dio2-/- strains exhibit deafness with cochlear abnormalities. In Dio3-/-;Dio2-/- mice, deafness was exacerbated rather than alleviated, suggesting unevenly balanced actions by these enzymes during auditory development. Dio3-/- mice also exhibit an atrophic thyroid gland, low thyroxine, and high triiodothyronine levels, but this phenotype was ameliorated in Dio3-/-;Dio2-/- mice, indicating counterbalancing roles for the enzymes in determining the thyroid hormone status. The results suggest that the composite action of these two enzymes is a critical determinant in visual and auditory development and in setting the systemic thyroid hormone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Arturo Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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28
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Zhu Q, Ghoshal S, Tyagi R, Chakraborty A. Global IP6K1 deletion enhances temperature modulated energy expenditure which reduces carbohydrate and fat induced weight gain. Mol Metab 2016; 6:73-85. [PMID: 28123939 PMCID: PMC5220553 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IP6 kinases (IP6Ks) regulate cell metabolism and survival. Mice with global (IP6K1-KO) or adipocyte-specific (AdKO) deletion of IP6K1 are protected from diet induced obesity (DIO) at ambient (23 °C) temperature. AdKO mice are lean primarily due to increased AMPK mediated thermogenic energy expenditure (EE). Thus, at thermoneutral (30 °C) temperature, high fat diet (HFD)-fed AdKO mice expend energy and gain body weight, similar to control mice. IP6K1 is ubiquitously expressed; thus, it is critical to determine to what extent the lean phenotype of global IP6K1-KO mice depends on environmental temperature. Furthermore, it is not known whether IP6K1 regulates AMPK mediated EE in cells, which do not express UCP1. METHODS Q-NMR, GTT, food intake, EE, QRT-PCR, histology, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), fatty acid metabolism assays, and immunoblot studies were conducted in IP6K1-KO and WT mice or cells. RESULTS Global IP6K1 deletion mediated enhancement in EE is impaired albeit not abolished at 30 °C. As a result, IP6K1-KO mice are protected from DIO, insulin resistance, and fatty liver even at 30 °C. Like AdKO, IP6K1-KO mice display enhanced adipose tissue browning. However, unlike AdKO mice, thermoneutrality only partly abolishes browning in IP6K1-KO mice. Cold (5 °C) exposure enhances carbohydrate expenditure, whereas 23 °C and 30 °C promote fat oxidation in HFD-KO mice. Furthermore, IP6K1 deletion diminishes cellular fat accumulation via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Global deletion of IP6K1 ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance irrespective of the environmental temperature conditions, which strengthens its validity as an anti-obesity target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Richa Tyagi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anutosh Chakraborty
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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29
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Bocco BMLC, Louzada RAN, Silvestre DHS, Santos MCS, Anne-Palmer E, Rangel IF, Abdalla S, Ferreira AC, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Carvalho DP, Bianco AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP. Thyroid hormone activation by type 2 deiodinase mediates exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:5255-69. [PMID: 27302464 PMCID: PMC5023700 DOI: 10.1113/jp272440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In skeletal muscle, physical exercise and thyroid hormone mediate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a) expression that is crucial to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. The expression of type 2 deiodinase (D2), which activates thyroid hormone in skeletal muscle is upregulated by acute treadmill exercise through a β-adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanism. Pharmacological block of D2 or disruption of the Dio2 gene in skeletal muscle fibres impaired acute exercise-induced PGC-1a expression. Dio2 disruption also impaired muscle PGC-1a expression and mitochondrial citrate synthase activity in chronically exercised mice. ABSTRACT Thyroid hormone promotes expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a), which mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle (SKM). Skeletal myocytes express the type 2 deiodinase (D2), which generates 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3 ), the active thyroid hormone. To test whether D2-generated T3 plays a role in exercise-induced PGC-1a expression, male rats and mice with SKM-specific Dio2 inactivation (SKM-D2KO or MYF5-D2KO) were studied. An acute treadmill exercise session (20 min at 70-75% of maximal aerobic capacity) increased D2 expression/activity (1.5- to 2.7-fold) as well as PGC-1a mRNA levels (1.5- to 5-fold) in rat soleus muscle and white gastrocnemius muscle and in mouse soleus muscle, which was prevented by pretreatment with 1 mg (100 g body weight)(-1) propranolol or 6 mg (100 g body weight)(-1) iopanoic acid (5.9- vs. 2.8-fold; P < 0.05), which blocks D2 activity . In the SKM-D2KO mice, acute treadmill exercise failed to induce PGC-1a fully in soleus muscle (1.9- vs. 2.8-fold; P < 0.05), and in primary SKM-D2KO myocytes there was only a limited PGC-1a response to 1 μm forskolin (2.2- vs. 1.3-fold; P < 0.05). Chronic exercise training (6 weeks) increased soleus muscle PGC-1a mRNA levels (∼25%) and the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (∼20%). In contrast, PGC-1a expression did not change and citrate synthase decreased by ∼30% in SKM-D2KO mice. The soleus muscle PGC-1a response to chronic exercise was also blunted in MYF5-D2KO mice. In conclusion, acute treadmill exercise increases SKM D2 expression through a β-adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanism. The accelerated conversion of T4 to T3 within myocytes mediates part of the PGC-1a induction by treadmill exercise and its downstream effects on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M L C Bocco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy A N Louzada
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego H S Silvestre
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C S Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Anne-Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Igor F Rangel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sherine Abdalla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - João P Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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30
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Bocco BMLC, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Oliveira KC, Fernandes GW, Fonseca TL, Nascimento BPP, McAninch EA, Ricci E, Kvárta-Papp Z, Fekete C, Bernardi MM, Gereben B, Bianco AC, Ribeiro MO. Type 2 Deiodinase Disruption in Astrocytes Results in Anxiety-Depressive-Like Behavior in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3682-95. [PMID: 27501182 PMCID: PMC5007895 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Millions of levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid patients complain of impaired cognition despite normal TSH serum levels. This could reflect abnormalities in the type 2 deiodinase (D2)-mediated T4-to-T3 conversion, given their much greater dependence on the D2 pathway for T3 production. T3 normally reaches the brain directly from the circulation or is produced locally by D2 in astrocytes. Here we report that mice with astrocyte-specific Dio2 inactivation (Astro-D2KO) have normal serum T3 but exhibit anxiety-depression-like behavior as found in open field and elevated plus maze studies and when tested for depression using the tail-suspension and the forced-swimming tests. Remarkably, 4 weeks of daily treadmill exercise sessions eliminated this phenotype. Microarray gene expression profiling of the Astro-D2KO hippocampi identified an enrichment of three gene sets related to inflammation and impoverishment of three gene sets related to mitochondrial function and response to oxidative stress. Despite normal neurogenesis, the Astro-D2KO hippocampi exhibited decreased expression of four of six known to be positively regulated genes by T3, ie, Mbp (∼43%), Mag (∼34%), Hr (∼49%), and Aldh1a1 (∼61%) and increased expression of 3 of 12 genes negatively regulated by T3, ie, Dgkg (∼17%), Syce2 (∼26%), and Col6a1 (∼3-fold) by quantitative real-time PCR. Notably, in Astro-D2KO animals, there was also a reduction in mRNA levels of genes known to be affected in classical animal models of depression, ie, Bdnf (∼18%), Ntf3 (∼43%), Nmdar (∼26%), and GR (∼20%), which were also normalized by daily exercise sessions. These findings suggest that defects in Dio2 expression in the brain could result in mood and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M L C Bocco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Kelen C Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Bruna P P Nascimento
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Esther Ricci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Zsuzsanna Kvárta-Papp
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (B.M.L.C.B., J.P.W.-d.C., G.W.F., T.L.F., E.A.M., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Translational Medicine (B.M.L.C.B., G.W.F., B.P.P.N.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, 04039-002, Brazil; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.-d.C.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-599, Brazil; Department of Clinic Endocrinology (K.C.O.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (B.P.P.N., E.R., M.O.R.), Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-900 Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (Z.K.-P., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology (M.M.B.), Graduate Program of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo SP 04026-002, Brazil
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Choi WH, Ahn J, Jung CH, Jang YJ, Ha TY. β-Lapachone Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity by Increasing Energy Expenditure and Stimulating the Browning of White Adipose Tissue via Downregulation of miR-382 Expression. Diabetes 2016; 65:2490-501. [PMID: 27246910 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been great interest in the browning of fat for the treatment of obesity. Although β-lapachone (BLC) has potential therapeutic effects on obesity, the fat-browning effect and thermogenic capacity of BLC on obesity have never been demonstrated. Here, we showed that BLC stimulated the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), increased the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes (e.g., uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1]), decreased body weight gain, and ameliorated metabolic parameters in mice fed a high-fat diet. Consistently, BLC-treated mice showed significantly higher energy expenditure compared with control mice. In vitro, BLC increased the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes in stromal vascular fraction-differentiated adipocytes. BLC also controlled the expression of miR-382, which led to the upregulation of its direct target, Dio2. Upregulation of miR-382 markedly inhibited the differentiation of adipocytes into beige adipocytes, whereas BLC recovered beige adipocyte differentiation and increased the expression of Dio2 and UCP1. Our findings suggest that the BLC-mediated increase in the browning of WAT and the thermogenic capacity of BAT significantly results in increases in energy expenditure. Browning of WAT by BLC was partially controlled via the regulation of miR-382 targeting Dio2 and may lead to the prevention of diet-induced obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- Naphthoquinones/therapeutic use
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Choi
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Ding L, Sousa KM, Jin L, Dong B, Kim B, Ramirez R, Xiao Z, Gu Y, Yang Q, Wang J, Yu D, Pigazzi A, Schones D, Yang L, Moore D, Wang Z, Huang W. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy activates GPBAR-1/TGR5 to sustain weight loss, improve fatty liver, and remit insulin resistance in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:760-73. [PMID: 27312543 PMCID: PMC4992413 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most commonly performed clinical bariatric surgeries used for the remission of obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which VSG exerts its beneficial effects remains elusive. We report that the membrane-bound G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, GPBAR-1 (also known as TGR5), is required to mediate the effects of anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemia, and improvements of fatty liver of VSG in mice. In the absence of TGR5, the beneficial metabolic effects of VSG in mice are lost. Moreover, we found that the expression of TGR5 increased significantly after VSG, and VSG alters both BA levels and composition in mice, resulting in enhancement of TGR5 signaling in the ileum and brown adipose tissues, concomitant with improved glucose control and increased energy expenditure. CONCLUSION Our study elucidates a novel underlying mechanism by which VSG achieves its postoperative therapeutic effects through enhanced TGR5 signaling. (Hepatology 2016;64:760-773).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Kyle M. Sousa
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWest Coast University, School of PharmacyLos AngelesCA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Byung‐Wook Kim
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Ricardo Ramirez
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Zhenzhou Xiao
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Donna Yu
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
| | | | - Dustin Schones
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWest Coast University, School of PharmacyLos AngelesCA
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - David Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA,Graduate School of Biological ScienceCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA
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Shinozaki F, Abe T, Kamei A, Watanabe Y, Yasuoka A, Shimada K, Kondo K, Arai S, Kumagai K, Kondo T, Abe K. Coordinated regulation of hepatic and adipose tissue transcriptomes by the oral administration of an amino acid mixture simulating the larval saliva of Vespa species. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:21. [PMID: 27551322 PMCID: PMC4968451 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background VAAM is an amino acid mixture that simulates the composition of Vespa larval saliva. VAAM enhanced physical endurance of mice and have been used by athletes as a supplementary drink before exercise. However, there is no information on the effect of VAAM on the physiology of freely moving animals. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the VAAM-dependent regulation of liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes. Results Mice were orally fed a VAAM solution, an amino acid mixture mimicking casein hydrolysate (CAAM) or water under ad libitum feeding conditions for 5 days. Comparisons of the hepatic transcriptome between VAAM-, CAAM-, and water-treated groups revealed a VAAM-specific regulation of the metabolic pathway, i.e., the down-regulation of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation and the up-regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and glucogenic amino acid utilization. Similar transcriptomic analyses of white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively) indicated the up-regulation of phospholipid synthesis in WAT and the negative regulation of cellular processes in BAT. Because the coordinated regulation of tissue transcriptomes implied the presence of upstream signaling common to these tissues, we conducted an Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. This analysis showed that estrogenic and glucagon signals were activated in the liver and WAT and that beta-adrenergic signaling was activated in all three tissues. Conclusions We found that VAAM ingestion had an effect on multiple tissue transcriptomes of freely moving mice. Utilization of glycogenic amino acids may have been activated in the liver. Fatty acid conversion into phospholipid, not to triacylglycerol, may have been stimulated in adipocytes contrasting that a little effect was observed in BAT. Analysis of upstream factors revealed that multiple hormonal signals were activated in the liver, WAT, and BAT. Our data provide some clues to understanding the role of VAAM in metabolic regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0534-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shinozaki
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Hornet Research Center, 1-48-7-201 Matsubara, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-0043 Japan
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimada
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Kaori Kondo
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Soichi Arai
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan ; NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Kota Kumagai
- KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD., 2, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841 Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan ; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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34
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Solmonson A, Mills EM. Uncoupling Proteins and the Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Thermogenesis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:455-62. [PMID: 26636187 PMCID: PMC4733119 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Solmonson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (A.S., E.M.M.), College of Natural Sciences and Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.M.M.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - E M Mills
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (A.S., E.M.M.), College of Natural Sciences and Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.M.M.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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35
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Lartey LJ, Werneck-de-Castro JP, O-Sullivan I, Unterman TG, Bianco AC. Coupling between Nutrient Availability and Thyroid Hormone Activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30551-61. [PMID: 26499800 PMCID: PMC4683275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.665505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the thyroid gland is stimulated by food availability via leptin-induced thyrotropin-releasing hormone/thyroid-stimulating hormone expression. Here we show that food availability also stimulates thyroid hormone activation by accelerating the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine via type 2 deiodinase in mouse skeletal muscle and in a cell model transitioning from 0.1 to 10% FBS. The underlying mechanism is transcriptional derepression of DIO2 through the mTORC2 pathway as defined in rictor knockdown cells. In cells kept in 0.1% FBS, there is DIO2 inhibition via FOXO1 binding to the DIO2 promoter. Repression of DIO2 by FOXO1 was confirmed using its specific inhibitor AS1842856 or adenoviral infection of constitutively active FOXO1. ChIP studies indicate that 4 h after 10% FBS-containing medium, FOXO1 binding markedly decreases, and the DIO2 promoter is activated. Studies in the insulin receptor FOXO1 KO mouse indicate that insulin is a key signaling molecule in this process. We conclude that FOXO1 represses DIO2 during fasting and that derepression occurs via nutritional activation of the PI3K-mTORC2-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lattoya J Lartey
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - João Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, the Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil, and
| | - InSug O-Sullivan
- the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Terry G Unterman
- the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612,
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Lin JZ, Martagón AJ, Cimini SL, Gonzalez DD, Tinkey DW, Biter A, Baxter JD, Webb P, Gustafsson JÅ, Hartig SM, Phillips KJ. Pharmacological Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors Elicits a Functional Conversion of White to Brown Fat. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1528-37. [PMID: 26586443 PMCID: PMC4662916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into a tissue with brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like activity, often referred to as "browning," represents an intriguing strategy for combating obesity and metabolic disease. We demonstrate that thyroid hormone receptor (TR) activation by a synthetic agonist markedly induces a program of adaptive thermogenesis in subcutaneous WAT that coincides with a restoration of cold tolerance to cold-intolerant mice. Distinct from most other browning agents, pharmacological TR activation dissociates the browning of WAT from activation of classical BAT. TR agonism also induces the browning of white adipocytes in vitro, indicating that TR-mediated browning is cell autonomous. These data establish TR agonists as a class of browning agents, implicate the TRs in the browning of WAT, and suggest a profound pharmacological potential of this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Z Lin
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Alexandro J Martagón
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Escuela de Biotecnología y Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Stephanie L Cimini
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel D Gonzalez
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Escuela de Biotecnología y Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - David W Tinkey
- Comparative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amadeo Biter
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John D Baxter
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Webb
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J Phillips
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Werneck-de-Castro JP, Fonseca TL, Ignacio DL, Fernandes GW, Andrade-Feraud CM, Lartey LJ, Ribeiro MB, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Bianco AC. Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Male Mouse Skeletal Muscle Is Largely Independent of D2 in Myocytes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3842-52. [PMID: 26214036 PMCID: PMC4588812 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 deiodinase (D2) activates the prohormone T4 to T3. D2 is expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM), and its global inactivation (GLOB-D2KO mice) reportedly leads to skeletal muscle hypothyroidism and impaired differentiation. Here floxed Dio2 mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the myosin light chain 1f (cre-MLC) to disrupt D2 expression in the late developmental stages of skeletal myocytes (SKM-D2KO). This led to a loss of approximately 50% in D2 activity in neonatal and adult SKM-D2KO skeletal muscle and about 75% in isolated SKM-D2KO myocytes. To test the impact of Dio2 disruption, we measured soleus T3 content and found it to be normal. We also looked at the expression of T3-responsive genes in skeletal muscle, ie, myosin heavy chain I, α-actin, myosin light chain, tropomyosin, and serca 1 and 2, which was preserved in neonatal SKM-D2KO hindlimb muscles, at a time that coincides with a peak of D2 activity in control animals. In adult soleus the baseline level of D2 activity was about 6-fold lower, and in the SKM-D2KO soleus, the expression of only one of five T3-responsive genes was reduced. Despite this, adult SKM-D2KO animals performed indistinguishably from controls on a treadmill test, running for approximately 16 minutes and reached a speed of about 23 m/min; muscle strength was about 0.3 mN/m·g body weight in SKM-D2KO and control ankle muscles. In conclusion, there are multiple sources of D2 in the mouse SKM, and its role is limited in postnatal skeletal muscle fibers.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression
- Iodide Peroxidase/genetics
- Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Strength/genetics
- Muscle Strength/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Thyroxine/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Triiodothyronine/metabolism
- Tropomyosin/genetics
- Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele L Ignacio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Andrade-Feraud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lattoya J Lartey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Ribeiro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Balazs Gereben
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., T.L.F., G.W.F., A.C.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois 60612; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., C.M.A.F., L.J.L., M.B.R.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6960; Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports (J.P.W.d.C., D.L.I., M.B.R.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program (M.O.R.), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1083 Hungary; and Translational Medicine (G.W.F.), Federal University of Sao Paulo, 01302-907 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Darras VM, Houbrechts AM, Van Herck SL. Intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism as a local regulator of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-mediated impact on vertebrate development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Rodrigues NC, da Cruz NS, de Paula Nascimento C, da Conceição RR, da Silva ACM, Olivares EL, Marassi MP. Sleep deprivation alters thyroid hormone economy in rats. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:193-202. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.083303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Coutinho Rodrigues
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Natália Santos da Cruz
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Cristine de Paula Nascimento
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Alba Cenélia Matos da Silva
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Emerson Lopes Olivares
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
| | - Michelle Porto Marassi
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; Department of Physiological Sciences; Institute of Biology; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Seropedica Brazil
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40
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Pyrżak B, Demkow U, Kucharska AM. Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning Agents: Irisin and FGF21 in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 866:25-34. [PMID: 26022904 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the pediatric population, especially in early infancy, the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the highest. Further in life BAT is more active in individuals with a lower body mass index and one can expect that BAT is protective against childhood obesity. The development of BAT throughout the whole life can be regulated by genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Three distinct adipose depots have been identified: white, brown, and beige adipocytes. The process by which BAT can become beige is still unclear and is an area of intensive research. The "browning agents" increase energy expenditure through the production of heat. Numerous factors known as "browning agents" have currently been described. In humans, recent studies justify a notion of a role of novel myokines: irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the metabolism and development of obesity. This review describes a possible role of irisin and FGF21 in the pathogenesis of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pyrżak
- Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 24 Marszalkowska St., 00-576, Warsaw, Poland,
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41
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Zevenbergen C, Klootwijk W, Peeters RP, Medici M, de Rijke YB, Huisman SA, Goeman H, Boot E, de Kuijper G, de Waal KH, Meima ME, Larsen PR, Visser TJ, Visser WE. Functional analysis of novel genetic variation in the thyroid hormone activating type 2 deiodinase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2429-36. [PMID: 25140401 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for normal brain development and abnormal TH regulation in the brain results in neurocognitive impairments. The type 2 deiodinase (D2) is important for local TH control in the brain by generating the active hormone T3 from its precursor T4. Dysfunction of D2 likely results in a neurocognitive phenotype. No mutations in D2 have been reported yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify D2 mutations in patients with intellectual disability and to test their functional consequences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The patients were selected from the multicenter Thyroid Origin of Psychomotor Retardation study, which is a cohort of 946 subjects with unexplained intellectual disability. Based on characteristic serum TH values, the coding region of the DIO2 gene was sequenced in 387 patients. Functional consequences were assessed by in vitro D2 assays or intact cell metabolism studies using cells transfected with wild-type or mutant D2. RESULTS Sequence analysis revealed two heterozygous mutations: c.11T>A (p.L4H) in three subjects and c.305C>T (p.T102I) in one subject. Sequence analysis of family members revealed several carriers, but no segregation was observed with thyroid parameters or neurocognitive phenotype. Extensive tests with different in vitro D2 assays did not show differences between wild-type and mutant D2. CONCLUSION This study describes the identification and functional consequences of novel genetic variation in TH activating enzyme D2. Family studies and functional tests suggest that these variants do not underlie the neurocognitive impairment. Altogether our data provide evidence of the existence of rare but apparently harmless genetic variants of D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Zevenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine (C.Z., W.K., R.P.P., M.M., Y.B.d.R., M.E.M., T.J.V., W.E.V.), Rotterdam Thyroid Center (C.Z., W.K., R.P.P., M.M., M.E.M., T.J.V., W.E.V.), Department of Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Prinsenstichting (S.A.H.), Kwadijkerpark 8, 1444 JE Purmerend, The Netherlands; Ipse De Bruggen (H.G., E.B.), Spoorlaan 19, 2471 PB Zwammerdam, The Netherlands; Vanboeijenoord (G.d.K.), Industrieweg 14-16, 9400 RA Assen, The Netherlands; 's Heeren Loo Groot Schuilenburg (K.H.d.W.), Laan Van Groot Schuylenburg 310-320, 7325 BG Apeldoorn, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine (R.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Mostyn A, Attig L, Larcher T, Dou S, Chavatte-Palmer P, Boukthir M, Gertler A, Djiane J, E Symonds M, Abdennebi-Najar L. UCP1 is present in porcine adipose tissue and is responsive to postnatal leptin. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:M31-8. [PMID: 25122002 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be accompanied by inadequate thermoregulation, especially in piglets that are not considered to possess any brown adipose tissue (BAT) and are thus entirely dependent on shivering thermogenesis in order to maintain body temperature after birth. Leptin can stimulate heat production by promoting non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT, but whether this response occurs in piglets is unknown. Newborn female piglets that were characterised as showing IUGR (mean birth weight of approximately 0.98 kg) were therefore administered injections of either saline or leptin once a day for the first 5 days of neonatal life. The dose of leptin was 0.5 mg/kg, which is sufficient to increase plasma leptin by approximately tenfold and on the day of birth induced a rapid increase in body temperature to values similar to those of normal-sized 'control' piglets (mean birth weight of ∼1.47 kg). Perirenal adipose tissue was then sampled from all offspring at 21 days of age and the presence of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. UCP1 was clearly detectable in all samples analysed and its abundance was significantly reduced in the IUGR piglets that had received saline compared with controls, but was raised to the same amount as in controls in those IUGR females given leptin. There were no differences in gene expression between primary markers of brown and white adipose tissues between groups. In conclusion, piglets possess BAT that when stimulated exogenously by leptin can promote increased body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mostyn
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Linda Attig
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samir Dou
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Monia Boukthir
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arieh Gertler
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jean Djiane
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
- UP 2012.10.101 EGEALInstitut Polytechnique LaSalle, Beauvais, FranceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UKINRA UMR 703Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, FranceINRAUMR1198 BDR Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUnité de Recherche 04UR08/03Faculté de Médecine, Tunis, TunisiaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelUnité NOPAINRA, Centre de recherche Jouy en Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceEarly Life Research UnitAcademic Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Medina MC, Fonesca TL, Molina J, Fachado A, Castillo M, Dong L, Soares R, Hernández A, Caicedo A, Bianco AC. Maternal inheritance of an inactive type III deiodinase gene allele affects mouse pancreatic β-cells and disrupts glucose homeostasis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3160-71. [PMID: 24885572 PMCID: PMC4097999 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dio3 is the most distal gene of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 gene locus and is expressed according to parental origin. Dio3 encodes the type 3 deiodinase (D3), a thioredoxin-fold like containing selenoenzyme that inactivates thyroid hormone and dampens thyroid hormone signaling. Here we used heterozygous animals with disruption of the Dio3 gene to study the allelic expression pattern of Dio3 in pancreatic β-cells and the metabolic phenotype resulting from its inactivation. Adult heterozygous mice with disruption of the Dio3 gene with maternal inheritance of the inactive Dio3 allele exhibited a total loss of D3 activity in isolated pancreatic islets, approximately 30% reduction in total pancreatic islet area, a marked decrease in insulin2 mRNA and in vivo glucose intolerance. In contrast, inheritance of the inactive Dio3 allele from the father did not affect D3 activity in isolated pancreatic islets and did not result in a pancreatic phenotype. Furthermore, exposure of pancreatic explants, D3-expressing MIN6-C3 cells or isolated pancreatic islets to 100 nM T3 for 24 hours reduced insulin2 mRNA by approximately 50% and the peak of glucose-induced insulin secretion. An unbiased analysis of T3-treated pancreatic islets revealed the down-regulation of 21 gene sets (false discovery rate q value < 25%) involved in nucleolar function and transcription of rRNA, ribonucleotide binding, mRNA translation, and membrane organization. We conclude that the Dio3 gene is preferentially expressed from the maternal allele in pancreatic islets and that the inactivation of this allele is sufficient to disrupt glucose homeostasis by reducing the pancreatic islet area, insulin2 gene expression, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrin C Medina
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.C.M., J.M., M.C., L.D., R.S., A.C.), Miami, Florida 33136; Rush University Medical Center (T.L.F., A.C.B.), Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Diabetes Research Institute (A.F.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute (A.H.), Scarborough, Maine 04074
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La Merrill M, Karey E, Moshier E, Lindtner C, La Frano MR, Newman JW, Buettner C. Perinatal exposure of mice to the pesticide DDT impairs energy expenditure and metabolism in adult female offspring. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103337. [PMID: 25076055 PMCID: PMC4116186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used extensively to control malaria, typhus, body lice and bubonic plague worldwide, until countries began restricting its use in the 1970s. Its use in malaria control continues in some countries according to recommendation by the World Health Organization. Individuals exposed to elevated levels of DDT and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have an increased prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance. Here we hypothesize that perinatal exposure to DDT disrupts metabolic programming leading to impaired metabolism in adult offspring. To test this, we administered DDT to C57BL/6J mice from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 and studied their metabolic phenotype at several ages up to nine months. Perinatal DDT exposure reduced core body temperature, impaired cold tolerance, decreased energy expenditure, and produced a transient early-life increase in body fat in female offspring. When challenged with a high fat diet for 12 weeks in adulthood, female offspring perinatally exposed to DDT developed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and altered bile acid metabolism. Perinatal DDT exposure combined with high fat feeding in adulthood further impaired thermogenesis as evidenced by reductions in core temperature and in the expression of numerous RNA that promote thermogenesis and substrate utilization in the brown adipose tissue of adult female mice. These observations suggest that perinatal DDT exposure impairs thermogenesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which may increase susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome in adult female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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45
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Fernandes GW, Ueta CB, Fonseca TL, Gouveia CHA, Lancellotti CL, Brum PC, Christoffolete MA, Bianco AC, Ribeiro MO. Inactivation of the adrenergic receptor β2 disrupts glucose homeostasis in mice. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:381-90. [PMID: 24868110 PMCID: PMC4976625 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three types of beta adrenergic receptors (ARβ1-3) mediate the sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the key thermogenic site for mice which is also present in adult humans. In this study, we evaluated adaptive thermogenesis and metabolic profile of a mouse with Arβ2 knockout (ARβ2KO). At room temperature, ARβ2KO mice have normal core temperature and, upon acute cold exposure (4 °C for 4 h), ARβ2KO mice accelerate energy expenditure normally and attempt to maintain body temperature. ARβ2KO mice also exhibited normal interscapular BAT thermal profiles during a 30-min infusion of norepinephrine or dobutamine, possibly due to marked elevation of interscapular BAT (iBAT) and of Arβ1, and Arβ3 mRNA levels. In addition, ARβ2KO mice exhibit similar body weight, adiposity, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with WT controls, but exhibit marked fasting hyperinsulinemia and elevation in hepatic Pepck (Pck1) mRNA levels. The animals were fed a high-fat diet (40% fat) for 6 weeks, ARβ2KO mice doubled their caloric intake, accelerated energy expenditure, and induced Ucp1 expression in a manner similar to WT controls, exhibiting a similar body weight gain and increase in the size of white adipocytes to the WT controls. However, ARβ2KO mice maintain fasting hyperglycemia as compared with WT controls despite very elevated insulin levels, but similar degrees of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, inactivation of the ARβ2KO pathway preserves cold- and diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis but disrupts glucose homeostasis possibly by accelerating hepatic glucose production and insulin secretion. Feeding on a high-fat diet worsens the metabolic imbalance, with significant fasting hyperglycemia but similar liver structure and lipid profile to the WT controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo W Fernandes
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Cintia B Ueta
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Tatiane L Fonseca
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Carmen L Lancellotti
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Brum
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Christoffolete
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
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Abstract
The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are essential for normal growth and development of the fetus. Their bioavailability in utero depends on development of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid gland axis and the abundance of thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases that influence tissue levels of bioactive hormone. Fetal T4 and T3 concentrations are also affected by gestational age, nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero, and placental permeability to maternal thyroid hormones, which varies among species with placental morphology. Thyroid hormones are required for the general accretion of fetal mass and to trigger discrete developmental events in the fetal brain and somatic tissues from early in gestation. They also promote terminal differentiation of fetal tissues closer to term and are important in mediating the prepartum maturational effects of the glucocorticoids that ensure neonatal viability. Thyroid hormones act directly through anabolic effects on fetal metabolism and the stimulation of fetal oxygen consumption. They also act indirectly by controlling the bioavailability and effectiveness of other hormones and growth factors that influence fetal development such as the catecholamines and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). By regulating tissue accretion and differentiation near term, fetal thyroid hormones ensure activation of physiological processes essential for survival at birth such as pulmonary gas exchange, thermogenesis, hepatic glucogenesis, and cardiac adaptations. This review examines the developmental control of fetal T4 and T3 bioavailability and discusses the role of these hormones in fetal growth and development with particular emphasis on maturation of somatic tissues critical for survival immediately at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Forhead
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UKDepartment of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UKDepartment of PhysiologyDevelopment and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UKDepartment of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - A L Fowden
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UKDepartment of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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47
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Fonseca TL, Werneck-De-Castro JP, Castillo M, Bocco BM, Fernandes GW, McAninch EA, Ignacio DL, Moises CC, Ferreira A, Gereben B, Bianco AC. Tissue-specific inactivation of type 2 deiodinase reveals multilevel control of fatty acid oxidation by thyroid hormone in the mouse. Diabetes 2014; 63:1594-604. [PMID: 24487027 PMCID: PMC3994955 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 deiodinase (D2) converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the metabolically active molecule 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), but its global inactivation unexpectedly lowers the respiratory exchange rate (respiratory quotient [RQ]) and decreases food intake. Here we used FloxD2 mice to generate systemically euthyroid fat-specific (FAT), astrocyte-specific (ASTRO), or skeletal-muscle-specific (SKM) D2 knockout (D2KO) mice that were monitored continuously. The ASTRO-D2KO mice also exhibited lower diurnal RQ and greater contribution of fatty acid oxidation to energy expenditure, but no differences in food intake were observed. In contrast, the FAT-D2KO mouse exhibited sustained (24 h) increase in RQ values, increased food intake, tolerance to glucose, and sensitivity to insulin, all supporting greater contribution of carbohydrate oxidation to energy expenditure. Furthermore, FAT-D2KO animals that were kept on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks gained more body weight and fat, indicating impaired brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and/or inability to oxidize the fat excess. Acclimatization of FAT-D2KO mice at thermoneutrality dissipated both features of this phenotype. Muscle D2 does not seem to play a significant metabolic role given that SKM-D2KO animals exhibited no phenotype. The present findings are unique in that they were obtained in systemically euthyroid animals, revealing that brain D2 plays a dominant albeit indirect role in fatty acid oxidation via its sympathetic control of BAT activity. D2-generated T3 in BAT accelerates fatty acid oxidation and protects against diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-De-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melany Castillo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Barbara M.L.C. Bocco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Gustavo W. Fernandes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth A. McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Daniele L. Ignacio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio C.S. Moises
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Alexandre Ferreira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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48
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Valente A, Jamurtas AZ, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD. Molecular pathways linking non-shivering thermogenesis and obesity: focusing on brown adipose tissue development. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:77-88. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas; Karies Trikala 42100 Greece
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing; University of Wolverhampton; Walsall WS13BD U.K
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas; Karies Trikala 42100 Greece
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Moderate calorie restriction during gestation programs offspring for lower BAT thermogenic capacity driven by thyroid and sympathetic signaling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:339-45. [PMID: 24694665 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal calorie restriction during pregnancy programs offspring for later overweight and metabolic disturbances. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis and has recently emerged as a very likely target for human obesity therapy. OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to assess whether the detrimental effects of undernutrition during gestation could be related to impaired thermogenic capacity in BAT and to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. METHODS Offspring of control and 20% calorie-restricted rats (days 1-12 of pregnancy) (CR) were studied at the age of 25 days. Protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrOH); mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and deiodinase iodothyronine type II (DIO2) in BAT; and blood parameters including thyroid hormones, were determined. The response to 24-h cold exposure was also studied by measuring body temperature changes over time, and final BAT UCP1 levels. RESULTS Compared with controls, CR animals displayed in BAT lower UCP1 and TyrOH protein levels and lower LPL and CPT1 mRNA levels; they also showed lower triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels. CR males, but not females, revealed lower DIO2 mRNA levels than controls. When exposed to cold, CR rats experienced a transient decline in body temperature, but the values were reestablished after 24 h, despite having lower UCP1 levels than controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BAT thermogenic capacity is diminished in CR animals, involving impaired BAT sympathetic innervation and thyroid hormone signaling. These alterations make animals more sensitive to cold and may contribute to long-term outcomes of gestational calorie restriction in promoting obesity and related metabolic alterations.
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McAninch EA, Bianco AC. Thyroid hormone signaling in energy homeostasis and energy metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1311:77-87. [PMID: 24697152 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a significant role in diverse processes related to growth, development, differentiation, and metabolism. TH signaling modulates energy expenditure through both central and peripheral pathways. At the cellular level, the TH exerts its effects after concerted mechanisms facilitate binding to the TH receptor. In the hypothalamus, signals from a range of metabolic pathways, including appetite, temperature, afferent stimuli via the autonomic nervous system, availability of energy substrates, hormones, and other biologically active molecules, converge to maintain plasma TH at the appropriate level to preserve energy homeostasis. At the tissue level, TH actions on metabolism are controlled by transmembrane transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors. In the modern environment, humans are susceptible to an energy surplus, which has resulted in an obesity epidemic and, thus, understanding the contribution of the TH to cellular and organism metabolism is increasingly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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