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Torstensson S, Ascani A, Risal S, Lu H, Zhao A, Espinosa A, Lindgren E, Johansson MH, Eriksson G, Barakat M, Karlsson MCI, Svensson C, Benrick A, Stener-Victorin E. Androgens Modulate the Immune Profile in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401772. [PMID: 38767114 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a low-grade inflammation, but it is unknown how hyperandrogenism, the hallmark of PCOS, affects the immune system. Using a PCOS-like mouse model, it is demonstrated that hyperandrogenism affects immune cell populations in reproductive, metabolic, and immunological tissues differently in a site-specific manner. Co-treatment with an androgen receptor antagonist prevents most of these alterations, demonstrating that these effects are mediated through androgen receptor activation. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-exposed mice displayed a drastically reduced eosinophil population in the uterus and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). A higher frequency of natural killer (NK) cells and elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α are seen in uteri of androgen-exposed mice, while NK cells in VAT and spleen displayed a higher expression level of CD69, a marker of activation or tissue residency. Distinct alterations of macrophages in the uterus, ovaries, and VAT are also found in DHT-exposed mice and can potentially be linked to PCOS-like traits of the model. Indeed, androgen-exposed mice are insulin-resistant, albeit unaltered fat mass. Collectively, it is demonstrated that hyperandrogenism causes tissue-specific alterations of immune cells in reproductive organs and VAT, which can have considerable implications on tissue function and contribute to the reduced fertility and metabolic comorbidities associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torstensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Angelo Ascani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplaz 15, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Sanjiv Risal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Haojiang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Allan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Alexander Espinosa
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, K2 Reuma Wahren-Herlenius M, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria H Johansson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gustaw Eriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maya Barakat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Camilla Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
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2
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Day KS, Rempel L, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368142. [PMID: 38585275 PMCID: PMC10995313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in the bone marrow, to their tissue-resident role. In particular, we wish to highlight the functions of eosinophils in non-mucosal tissues with skeletal muscle and the adipose tissues as examples, and to discuss the current understanding of their participation in diseased states in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Day
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rempel
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Gurtner A, Crepaz D, Arnold IC. Emerging functions of tissue-resident eosinophils. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221435. [PMID: 37326974 PMCID: PMC10276195 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically considered tissue-damaging effector cells in type 2 immune-related diseases. However, they are also increasingly recognized as important modulators of various homeostatic processes, suggesting they retain the ability to adapt their function to different tissue contexts. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of eosinophil activities within tissues, with particular emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract, where a large population of these cells resides under non-inflammatory conditions. We further examine evidence of their transcriptional and functional heterogeneity and highlight environmental signals emerging as key regulators of their activities, beyond classical type 2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gurtner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Crepaz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Siewiera J, McIntyre TI, Cautivo KM, Mahiddine K, Rideaux D, Molofsky AB, Erlebacher A. Circumvention of luteolysis reveals parturition pathways in mice dependent upon innate type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:606-619.e7. [PMID: 36750100 PMCID: PMC10023352 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although mice normally enter labor when their ovaries stop producing progesterone (luteolysis), parturition can also be triggered in this species through uterus-intrinsic pathways potentially analogous to the ones that trigger parturition in humans. Such pathways, however, remain largely undefined in both species. Here, we report that mice deficient in innate type 2 immunity experienced profound parturition delays when manipulated endocrinologically to circumvent luteolysis, thus obliging them to enter labor through uterus-intrinsic pathways. We found that these pathways were in part driven by the alarmin IL-33 produced by uterine interstitial fibroblasts. We also implicated important roles for uterine group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which demonstrated IL-33-dependent activation prior to labor onset, and eosinophils, which displayed evidence of elevated turnover in the prepartum uterus. These findings reveal a role for innate type 2 immunity in controlling the timing of labor onset through a cascade potentially relevant to human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Siewiera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tara I McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karim Mahiddine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Damon Rideaux
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adrian Erlebacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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5
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Sibille A, Corhay JL, Louis R, Ninane V, Jerusalem G, Duysinx B. Eosinophils and Lung Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095066. [PMID: 35563461 PMCID: PMC9101877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare, multifunctional granulocytes. Their growth, survival, and tissue migration mainly depend on interleukin (IL)-5 in physiological conditions and on IL-5 and IL-33 in inflammatory conditions. Preclinical evidence supports an immunological role for eosinophils as innate immune cells and as agents of the adaptive immune response. In addition to these data, several reports show a link between the outcomes of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for advanced cancers and blood eosinophilia. In this review, we present, in the context of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the biological properties of eosinophils and their roles in homeostatic and pathological conditions, with a focus on their pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. We examine the possible explanations for blood eosinophilia during NSCLC treatment with ICI. In particular, we discuss the value of eosinophils as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker, highlighting the need for stronger clinical data. Finally, we conclude with perspectives on clinical and translational research topics on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sibille
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-3667881
| | - Jean-Louis Corhay
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Vincent Ninane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Bernard Duysinx
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
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6
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Acupuncture Alleviates Menstrual Pain in Rat Model via Suppressing Eotaxin/CCR3 Axis to Weak EOS-MC Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4571981. [PMID: 35069759 PMCID: PMC8776494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4571981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Emerging data show that chemokine-mediated inflammation is involved in the occurrence and maintenance of pain. Recent evidence suggests that eotaxin levels rise when dysmenorrhea happens. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eotaxin/CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) axis, a key regulatory pathway for eosinophils (EOS) recruitment, is involved in acupuncture analgesia for dysmenorrhea. Methods After the cold congealing dysmenorrhea (CCD) rat model prepared, animals received perpendicular needling (PN) and transverse needling (TN) at SP6, respectively, for 20 min. The CCR3 agonist CCL11 was administered 30 min prior to acupuncture. Pain behavior was assessed via a writhing response. The uterine contraction test was detected by an electrophysiological method. Eotaxin, histamine (HIS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of CCR3 and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expression of EOS, mast cells (MCs), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Toluidine Blue staining (TB), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Acupuncture prominently attenuated the menstrual pain in CCD rats, particularly TN technique. Electrophysiological recording data showed that the increased uterine contractility was ameliorated by acupuncture. In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. HE, TB staining, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the increased expression of EOS, MCs, EPO, and ECP in uterine tissues was reversed by TN. Furthermore, we found that the effects of TN against CCD-induced menstrual pain, increased ECP expression, and HIS level were abolished by CCL11. Conclusion TN alleviated menstrual pain by improving the uterine inflammatory environment via suppressing eotaxin/CCR3 axis to weak EOS-MC activation in CCD rats. The study findings support the acupuncture as a promising approach for dysmenorrhea, meanwhile, indicating the importance of performing appropriate needling technique.
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7
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Molecular mechanisms and treatment modalities in equine Culicoides hypersensitivity. Vet J 2021; 276:105741. [PMID: 34416400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity (CH) is the most common allergic condition in horses affecting the skin. This review focuses on immunopathology and molecular mechanisms of equine CH. The role of eosinophils is emphasized, as well as disease severity and the influence of long-term chronic allergen exposure on T helper (Th) 2 cells. Using current knowledge from human allergic disorders, similar effects are hypothesized in equine patients. Key aspects of CH diagnosis and treatment are discussed, focusing on allergen specific immunotherapy and allergen-independent approaches, such as targeting hypereosinophilia through interleukin-5 and allergic non-histaminic pruritus though interleukin-31.
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8
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Miyabe Y, Kobayashi Y, Fukuchi M, Saga A, Moritoki Y, Saga T, Akuthota P, Ueki S. Eosinophil-mediated inflammation in the absence of eosinophilia. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e30. [PMID: 34386406 PMCID: PMC8331253 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of eosinophil levels is a hallmark of type-2 inflammation. Blood eosinophil counts act as a convenient biomarker for asthma phenotyping and the selection of biologics, and they are even used as a prognostic factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, the circulating eosinophil count does not always reflect tissue eosinophilia and vice versa. The mismatch of blood and tissue eosinophilia can be seen in various clinical settings. For example, blood eosinophil levels in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia are often within normal range despite the marked symptoms and increased number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies using immunostaining for eosinophil granule proteins have revealed the extracellular deposition of granule proteins coincident with pathological conditions, even in the absence of a significant eosinophil infiltrate. The marked deposition of eosinophil granule proteins in tissue is often associated with cytolytic degranulation. Recent studies have indicated that extracellular trap cell death (ETosis) is a major mechanism of cytolysis. Cytolytic ETosis is a total cell degranulation in which cytoplasmic and nuclear contents, including DNA and histones that act as alarmins, are also released. In the present review, eosinophil-mediated inflammation in such mismatch conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Airway Disease Section, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiko Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoo Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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9
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Renz H, Bachert C, Berek C, Hamelmann E, Levi-Schaffer F, Raap U, Simon HU, Ploetz S, Taube C, Valent P, Voehringer D, Werfel T, Zhang N, Ring J. Physiology and pathology of eosinophils: Recent developments: Summary of the Focus Workshop Organized by DGAKI. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13032. [PMID: 33624312 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, eosinophils have been regarded ambiguously either as 'friends' or 'foes'. Recent developments have greatly enhanced our understanding of the role and function of eosinophils in health and disease. Pathogenic eosinophilic inflammation can lead to severe diseases in various organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, airways, heart and skin. In a 2-day focus workshop of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the state of the art was discussed and practical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic diseases, with a particular focus on new biologics, such as anti-interleukin 5 and anti-interleukin 5R, were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Berek
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Ein Institut der Leibnizgemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.,Allergy Center of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ring
- Deptment of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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10
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Pfaller B, José Yepes‐Nuñez J, Agache I, Akdis CA, Alsalamah M, Bavbek S, Bossios A, Boyman O, Chaker A, Chan S, Chatzipetrou A, Toit G, Jutel M, Kauppi P, Kolios A, Li C, Matucci A, Marson A, Bendien S, Palomares O, Rogala B, Szepfalusi Z, Untersmayr E, Vultaggio A, Eiwegger T. Biologicals in atopic disease in pregnancy: An EAACI position paper. Allergy 2021; 76:71-89. [PMID: 32189356 DOI: 10.1111/all.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologicals have transformed the management of severe disease phenotypes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. As a result, the number of approved biologicals for the treatment of atopic diseases is continuously increasing. Although atopic diseases are among the most common diseases in the reproductive age, investigations, and information on half-life, pharmacokinetics defining the neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn) and most important safety of biologicals in pregnancy are lacking. Given the complex sequence of immunological events that regulate conception, fetal development, and the intrauterine and postnatal maturation of the immune system, this information is of utmost importance. We conducted a systematic review on biologicals in pregnancy for indications of atopic diseases. Evidence in this field is scarce and mainly reserved to reports on the usage of omalizumab. This lack of evidence demands the establishment of a multidisciplinary approach for the management of pregnant women who receive biologicals and multicenter registries for long-term follow-up, drug trial designs suitable for women in the reproductive age, and better experimental models that represent the human situation. Due to the very long half-life of biologicals, preconception counseling and healthcare provider education are crucial to offer the best care for mother and fetus. This position paper integrates available data on safety of biologicals during pregnancy in atopic diseases via a systematic review with a detailed review on immunological considerations how inhibition of different pathways may impact pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Pfaller
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Pregnancy and Heart Disease Research Program Mount Sinai and Toronto General Hospitals Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Transylvania University Brasov Brasov Romania
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Alsalamah
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division Pediatrics Department King Abdullah Specialists Children’s Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevim Bavbek
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Chest Disease School of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Medicine Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Allergy Research Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adam Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich TUM School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Susan Chan
- Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- King’s College London School of Life Course Sciences School of Immunology Microbial Sciences King’s Health Partners UK
| | - Alexia Chatzipetrou
- Allergy Unit “D. Kalogeromitros Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical School Attikon” University Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece
- Paediatric Allergy Group Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London London UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group Peter Gorer Dept of Immunobiology School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London Guys' Hospital London UK
- Children's Allergy Service Evelina Children's Hospital Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - George Toit
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
- ALL‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Allergy Skin and Allergy Hospital Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carmen Li
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Alanna Marson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sarah Bendien
- Department of respiratory medicine Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Rogala
- Department of Internal Diseases Allergology & Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Zsolt Szepfalusi
- Division of Ped. Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology Dpt. of Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Department of Allergy Skin and Allergy Hospital Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
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11
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Kanda A, Yun Y, Bui DV, Nguyen LM, Kobayashi Y, Suzuki K, Mitani A, Sawada S, Hamada S, Asako M, Iwai H. The multiple functions and subpopulations of eosinophils in tissues under steady-state and pathological conditions. Allergol Int 2021; 70:9-18. [PMID: 33243693 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils not only play a critical role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated diseases, but they also have multiple important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis, host defense against infections, immune regulation through canonical Th1/Th2 balance modulation, and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic activities. Recent studies have elucidated some emerging roles of eosinophils in steady-state conditions; for example, eosinophils contribute to adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic health through alternatively activated macrophages and the maintenance of plasma cells in intestinal tissue and bone marrow. Moreover, eosinophils exert tissue damage through eosinophil-derived cytotoxic mediators that are involved in eosinophilic airway inflammation, leading to diseases including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps characterized by fibrin deposition through excessive response by eosinophils-induced. Thus, eosinophils possessing these various effects reflect the heterogenous features of these cells, which suggests the existence of distinct different subpopulations of eosinophils between steady-state and pathological conditions. Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that instead of dividing eosinophils by classical morphological changes into normodense and hypodense eosinophils, murine eosinophils from lung tissue can be phenotypically divided into two distinct subtypes: resident eosinophils and inducible eosinophils gated by Siglec-Fint CD62L+ CD101low and Siglec-Fhigh CD62L- CD101high, respectively. However, it is difficult to explain every function of eosinophils by rEos and iEos, and the relationship between the functions and subpopulations of eosinophils remains controversial. Here, we overview the multiple roles of eosinophils in the tissue and their biological behavior in steady-state and pathological conditions. We also discuss eosinophil subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kanda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dan Van Bui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Linh Manh Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Mitani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sawada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Hamada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Asako
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Kowsar R, Komeili M, Sadeghi N, Sadeghi K. Multistep analysis reveals the relationship between blood indices at the time of ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production in heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 159:153-164. [PMID: 33157453 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory factors of complete blood count (CBC) are associated with a decrease in the in vitro embryo production (IVP) outcome in women. The relation between the blood indices and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in bovines remains to be elucidated. Using ovum pick-up (OPU), oocytes were retrieved from heifers (n = 60) and inseminated separately with sperm. The blastocyst formation was recorded on day 7 after insemination for each animal and the blood indices were evaluated at the time of OPU. Then, heifers were classified on the basis of (1) blastocyst formation, cleaved vs. failed, or (2) inflammation, low-grade inflammation (lymphocyte counts > 5.6 × 109/L) vs. no inflammation (lymphocyte counts < 5.6 × 109/L). Oocytes derived from heifers with higher lymphocytes, red blood cells (RBC), platelets, hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW-SD) and plateletcrit values and lower monocytes, eosinophils, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC) successfully developed to the blastocyst stage. Heifers with low-grade inflammation numerically had a higher percentage of blastocyst formation than normal heifers. The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that blastocyst formation had the strongest positive association with RDW-cv and RDW-SD, while having a strong negative association with mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin, MCHC and MCH. The PCA determined that the number of grade A COCs and the percentage of COCs reached the cleavage stage had a negative association with white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, basophils and monocytes, and a positive correlation with platelet to lymphocyte ratio, platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit. Network mapping detected close similarities between BFR and RDW-SD, MPV, and lymphocytes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) identified that, eosinophils (AUC 0.80), RDW-SD (AUC 0.76), monocytes (AUC 0.76) and lymphocytes (AUC 0.76) had a good predictive ability to detect heifers with high OPU-IVP outcome (≥60%). In conclusion, these findings suggest that CBC indices at the time of OPU were associated with the IVF outcome and may be incorporated into protocols for the identification of heifers with high potential for blastocyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Komeili
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Nima Sadeghi
- FKA, Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Co., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khaled Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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13
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Groeneweg L, Hidalgo A, A-Gonzalez N. Emerging roles of infiltrating granulocytes and monocytes in homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3823-3830. [PMID: 32248248 PMCID: PMC7508737 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of naïve tissues by myeloid cells has been long related to their clearance and the physiological cell turnover, however, increasing evidence shows that they can additionally fulfill specific, non-immune functions in different tissues. There is also growing evidence to support that infiltrated granulocytes and monocytes respond to different environments by modulating gene expression and cytokine production, which in turn contribute to the normal function of the host tissue. This review will address the roles of immigrated myeloid cells in different tissues and their crosstalk with the host tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Groeneweg
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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14
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The emerging roles of eosinophils in mucosal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:574-583. [PMID: 32157190 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes, typically implicated as end-stage effector cells in type-II immune responses. They are capable of producing a wide array of pre-formed molecules which render them with vast potential to influence a wide variety of processes. Nonetheless, eosinophil research has traditionally focused on their role in anti-helminthic responses and pathophysiological processes in type-II immune disorders, such as allergy and asthma, where eosinophilia is a hallmark phenotype. However, a number of key studies over the past decade have placed this restricted view of eosinophil function into question, presenting additional evidence for eosinophils as critical regulators of various homeostatic processes including immune maintenance, organ development, and tissue regeneration.
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15
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16
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Kurane T, Kawase F, Morooka A, Konno T. Spatio-temporal distribution of eosinophils in the mouse uterus during peri-implantation period. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2020; 96:49-56. [PMID: 31902831 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.96.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is an immunologically paradoxical event. In humans and rodents, blastocysts adhere to uterine epithelium and then invade into endometrial stroma, while maternal body is protected from extraneous materials by its immune system. Eosinophils, a kind of leucocytes involving parasitic infections and allergic response, increase in number in uterus when serum estrogen level is elevated during estrus cycles. However, response of uterine eosinophils to ovarian estrogen during peri-implantation period is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of eosinophils in murine peri-implantation uterus. On day 0.5 of pregnancy, eosinophils were found primarily in endometrial stroma near the luminal epithelium, whereas they were primarily distributed in basal endometrium and myometrium on day 3.5 of pregnancy. The number of uterine eosinophils on day 4.5 of pregnancy was significantly increased by inhibition of maternal estrogen action. Collectively, our results indicate that the ovarian estrogen negatively regulates uterine eosinophil distribution during peri-implantation period and provide insight into a role of maternal immune system in embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kurane
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Fumie Kawase
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Akira Morooka
- Department of Subtropical Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Toshihiro Konno
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus.,The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
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17
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Araújo JMD, Silva LAS, Felix FB, Camargo EA, Grespan R. CCR3 antagonist impairs estradiol-induced eosinophil migration to the uterus in ovariectomized mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 53:e8659. [PMID: 31859912 PMCID: PMC6915905 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are abundant in the reproductive tract, contributing to the remodeling and successful implantation of the embryo. However, the mechanisms by which eosinophils migrate into the uterus and their relationship to edema are still not entirely clear, since there are a variety of chemotactic factors that can cause migration of these cells. Therefore, to evaluate the role of CCR3 in eosinophil migration, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were treated with CCR3 antagonist SB 328437 and 17β-estradiol. The hypothesis that the CCR3 receptor plays an important role in eosinophil migration to the mouse uterus was confirmed, because we observed reduction in eosinophil peroxidase activity in these antagonist-treated uteruses. The antagonist also influenced uterine hypertrophy, inhibiting edema formation. Finally, histological analysis of the orcein-stained uteruses showed that the antagonist reduced eosinophil migration together with edema. These data showed that the CCR3 receptor is an important target for studies that seek to clarify the functions of these cells in uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D Araújo
- Laboratório de Migração Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - L A S Silva
- Laboratório de Migração Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - F B Felix
- Laboratório de Migração Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - E A Camargo
- Laboratório de Processo Inflamatório, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - R Grespan
- Laboratório de Migração Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
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18
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Menzies FM, Oldham RS, Waddell C, Nelson SM, Nibbs RJB. A Comprehensive Profile of Chemokine Gene Expression in the Tissues of the Female Reproductive Tract in Mice. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:264-286. [PMID: 31429329 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1655573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic leukocyte trafficking into and within the female reproductive tract (FRT) contributes to fertility and reproductive health. It is unclear how this process is regulated in the anatomically distinct reproductive tissues, or whether the genes involved are affected by cyclical changes in reproductive hormones. In tissues such as skin and intestine, mouse studies have defined evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms for tissue-specific homing, interstitial positioning, and leukocyte egress. Chemokine family members are invariably involved, with the chemokine expression profile of a tissue regulating leukocyte content. Reproductive tissues (ovary, vagina, cervix, uterine horn) of 8 week old virgin female C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) were collected, and expression of mRNA for leukocyte markers and chemokines conducted by qPCR. Lymphocytic and myeloid cell populations within the uterus, cervix, bone marrow and PALN from virgin C57BL/6 mice were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Variation in leukocyte content between reproductive tissues is evident, with the uterus and cervix containing complex mixtures of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Twenty-six chemokine genes are expressed in the FRT, many by several component tissues, some preferentially by one. Most striking are Xcl1 and Ccl28, which are restricted to the uterus. Ccl20 and genes encoding CXCR2 ligands are primarily transcribed in cervix and vagina. Ovary shows the lowest expression of most chemokine genes, with the notable exception of Ccl21 and Ccl27. We also identify eight chemokines in the vagina whose expression fluctuates substantially across the oestrous cycle. These data reveal complex chemokine networks within the FRT, and provide a framework for future studies of homeostatic leukocyte trafficking into and within these tissues.Abbreviations: BM: bone marrow; DC: dendritic cell; DN: double negative; FRT: female reproductive tract; FSC: forward scatter; NK: natural killer; PALN: para-aortic lymph node; SSC: side scatter; Tregs: regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Menzies
- School of Health & Life Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.,Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel S Oldham
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carolann Waddell
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Meng N, Yang Q, He Y, Gu WW, Gu Y, Zhen XX, Wang J, Zhang X, Sun ZG, Wang J. Decreased NDRG1 expression is associated with pregnancy loss in mice and attenuates the in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1210-1223. [PMID: 31339191 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is an essential step for a successful pregnancy, and any defect in this process can lead to a range of pregnancy pathologies. The objective of this study was to explore the role of N-myc downregulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in embryo implantation. It was found that uterine NDRG1 expression has a dynamic pattern during the estrous cycle in nonpregnant mice and that uterine NDRG1 expression was elevated during the implantation process in pregnant mice. The distinct accumulation of NDRG1 protein signals was observed in the primary decidual zone adjacent to the implanting embryo during early pregnancy. Furthermore, uterine NDRG1 expression could be induced by activated implantation or artificial decidualization in mice. Decreased uterine NDRG1 expression was associated with pregnancy loss in mice and was associated with recurrent miscarriages in humans. The in vitro decidualization of both mouse and human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was accompanied by increased NDRG1 expression and downregulated NDRG1 expression in ESCs effectively inhibited decidualization. Collectively, these data suggest that NDRG1 plays an important role in decidualization during the implantation process, and the abnormal expression of NDRG1 may be involved in pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Family Planning Department, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Family Planning Department, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Gui Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Złotkowska A, Andronowska A. Variable chemokine expression in porcine trophoblasts and endometrium during the peri-implantation period. Theriogenology 2019; 131:16-27. [PMID: 30928625 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation and its further development depends on appropriate endometrial remodelling. Porcine early pregnancy is associated with intensive endometrial angiogenesis and establishment of an immunotolerant environment for the embryo. An increasing number of factors are believed to participate in endometrial remodelling. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of selected chemokines at the porcine maternal-foetal interface during the peri-implantation period. Real-time PCR analysis revealed several upregulated chemokines during the time of implantation, and Western blot/ELISA analyses and immunohistochemical staining confirmed their presence at the protein level. The gene expression of several chemokines and receptors was also confirmed in early porcine trophoblasts. The results indicated that IFNG, a porcine trophoblast signal, positively influenced the expression of some chemokines in endometrial cells. In conclusion, we suggest that some of the examined chemokines may be involved in endometrial communication with the trophoblast (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL12), whereas others are implicated in the recruitment of immune cells and establishment of an immunotolerant environment for the embryo (CXCL9, CXCL10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Złotkowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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21
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Sokollik C, Simon HU. [Eosinophilic granulocytes-Physiology and pathophysiology]. Z Rheumatol 2019; 78:306-312. [PMID: 30627844 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulocytes are a subpopulation of leucocytes and part of the innate immune cell pool. Additionally, they have homeostatic functions in different tissues. Classically, an increased number of eosinophils is associated with allergies and parasitic infections; however, eosinophilia can also be found in vasculitides and malignant tumors. The most important controlling factors of eosinophils are the cytokine interleukin 5 and eotaxins. Eosinophils are able to produce a broad range of signalling factors and toxic proteins, which are stored in cytoplasmic granules and can be quickly and specifically released when needed depending on the stimulus. To combat pathogens, eosinophils can catapult extracellular traps consisting of mitochondrial DNA and toxic proteins into the intercellular space. This review focuses on the basic structure, control and function of eosinophils in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sokollik
- Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung, Kinderklinik, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - H-U Simon
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
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22
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Amorim NRT, Luna-Gomes T, Gama-Almeida M, Souza-Almeida G, Canetti C, Diaz BL, Weller PF, Torres Bozza P, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bandeira-Melo C. Leptin Elicits LTC 4 Synthesis by Eosinophils Mediated by Sequential Two-Step Autocrine Activation of CCR3 and PGD 2 Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2139. [PMID: 30298073 PMCID: PMC6160734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine, produced mainly by mature adipocytes, that regulates the central nervous system, mainly to suppress appetite and stimulate energy expenditure. Leptin also regulates the immune response by controlling activation of immunomodulatory cells, including eosinophils. While emerging as immune regulatory cells with roles in adipose tissue homeostasis, eosinophils have a well-established ability to synthesize pro-inflammatory molecules such as lipid mediators, a key event in several inflammatory pathologies. Here, we investigated the impact and mechanisms involved in leptin-driven activation of eicosanoid-synthesizing machinery within eosinophils. Direct in vitro activation of human or mouse eosinophils with leptin elicited synthesis of lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase products. Displaying selectivity, leptin triggered synthesis of LTC4 and PGD2, but not PGE2, in parallel to dose-dependent induction of lipid body/lipid droplets biogenesis. While dependent on PI3K activation, leptin-driven eosinophil activation was also sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of G-protein coupled receptors on leptin effects. Leptin-induced lipid body-driven LTC4 synthesis appeared to be mediated through autocrine activation of G-coupled CCR3 receptors by eosinophil-derived CCL5, inasmuch as leptin was able to trigger rapid CCL5 secretion, and neutralizing anti-RANTES or anti-CCR3 antibodies blocked lipid body assembly and LTC4 synthesis induced by leptin. Remarkably, autocrine activation of PGD2 G-coupled receptors DP1 and DP2 also contributes to leptin-elicited lipid body-driven LTC4 synthesis by eosinophils in a PGD2-dependent fashion. Blockade of leptin-induced PGD2 autocrine/paracrine activity by a specific synthesis inhibitor or DP1 and DP2 receptor antagonists, inhibited both lipid body biogenesis and LTC4 synthesis induced by leptin stimulation within eosinophils. In addition, CCL5-driven CCR3 activation appears to precede PGD2 receptor activation within eosinophils, since neutralizing anti-CCL5 or anti-CCR3 antibodies inhibited leptin-induced PGD2 secretion, while it failed to alter PGD2-induced LTC4 synthesis. Altogether, sequential activation of CCR3 and then PGD2 receptors by autocrine ligands in response to leptin stimulation of eosinophils culminates with eosinophil activation, characterized here by assembly of lipidic cytoplasmic platforms synthesis and secretion of the pleiotropic lipid mediators, PGD2, and LTC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália R T Amorim
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gama-Almeida
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Chusid MJ. Eosinophils: Friends or Foes? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1439-1444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Arnold IC, Artola-Borán M, Tallón de Lara P, Kyburz A, Taube C, Ottemann K, van den Broek M, Yousefi S, Simon HU, Müller A. Eosinophils suppress Th1 responses and restrict bacterially induced gastrointestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2055-2072. [PMID: 29970473 PMCID: PMC6080907 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arnold et al. report that eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract are conditioned by IFN-γ to restrict Th1 responses and promote tissue homeostasis. Eosinophils control Th1 cells in acute and chronic infection and in the steady state and possess bactericidal properties. Eosinophils are predominantly known for their contribution to allergy. Here, we have examined the function and regulation of gastrointestinal eosinophils in the steady-state and during infection with Helicobacter pylori or Citrobacter rodentium. We find that eosinophils are recruited to sites of infection, directly encounter live bacteria, and activate a signature transcriptional program; this applies also to human gastrointestinal eosinophils in humanized mice. The genetic or anti–IL-5–mediated depletion of eosinophils results in improved control of the infection, increased inflammation, and more pronounced Th1 responses. Eosinophils control Th1 responses via the IFN-γ–dependent up-regulation of PD-L1. Furthermore, we find that the conditional loss of IFN-γR in eosinophils phenocopies the effects of eosinophil depletion. Eosinophils further possess bactericidal properties that require their degranulation and the deployment of extracellular traps. Our results highlight two novel functions of this elusive cell type and link it to gastrointestinal homeostasis and anti-bacterial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Artola-Borán
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Kyburz
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Karen Ottemann
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | | | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Akbalik ME, Liman N, Sagsoz H, Guney Saruhan B. Tissue distribution of some immune cells in bovine reproductive tract during follicular and luteal phase. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:315-331. [PMID: 29318745 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
More recent studies indicate that immune cells which secrete their secretory products or cytokines play an important role in reproductive system. In our study, immune cell populations (CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, plasma cells, siderophages, eosinophils) and expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II were examined in female reproductive tract during follicular (n = 13) and luteal phase (n = 10). Plasma cells and eosinophil granulocytes are present in few numbers in luminal epithelium, but abundant in longitudinal muscle layer of uterus, whereas siderophages are the dominant cell type in stroma. Moreover, MHC-I and -II+ cells are expressed by individual cells in organ layers, while CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages are dominant in epithelium and muscle layer, respectively. In conclusion, we did not found significant changes in immune cells according to follicular and luteal phases, but localization and numbers in each organ have changed according to both organ and layers. These results indicate that these factors may play a crucial role not only to generate an immune response but also to have a role in regulation of physiological functions in female reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erdem Akbalik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sagsoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Berna Guney Saruhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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27
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Abstract
Eosinophils are a prominent cell type in particular host responses such as the response to helminth infection and allergic disease. Their effector functions have been attributed to their capacity to release cationic proteins stored in cytoplasmic granules by degranulation. However, eosinophils are now being recognized for more varied functions in previously underappreciated diverse tissue sites, based on the ability of eosinophils to release cytokines (often preformed) that mediate a broad range of activities into the local environment. In this Review, we consider evolving insights into the tissue distribution of eosinophils and their functional immunobiology, which enable eosinophils to secrete in a selective manner cytokines and other mediators that have diverse, 'non-effector' functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 943, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 943, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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28
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Varricchi G, Galdiero MR, Loffredo S, Lucarini V, Marone G, Mattei F, Marone G, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils: The unsung heroes in cancer? Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1393134. [PMID: 29308325 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1393134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged low-grade inflammation or smoldering inflammation is a hallmark of a cancer. Eosinophils are components of the immune microenvironment that modulates tumor initiation and progression. Although canonically associated with a detrimental role in allergic disorders, these cells can induce a protective immune response against helminthes, viral and bacterial pathogens. Eosinophils are a source of anti-tumorigenic (e.g., TNF-α, granzyme, cationic proteins, and IL-18) and protumorigenic molecules (e.g., pro-angiogenic factors) depending on the milieu. In several neoplasias (e.g., melanoma, gastric, colorectal, oral and prostate cancer) eosinophils play an anti-tumorigenic role, in others (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma, cervical carcinoma) have been linked to poor prognosis, whereas in yet others they are apparently innocent bystanders. These seemingly conflicting results suggest that the role of eosinophils and their mediators could be cancer-dependent. The microlocalization (e.g., peritumoral vs intratumoral) of eosinophils could be another important aspect in the initiation/progression of solid and hematological tumors. Increasing evidence in experimental models indicates that activation/recruitment of eosinophils could represent a new therapeutic strategy for certain tumors (e.g., melanoma). Many unanswered questions should be addressed before we understand whether eosinophils are an ally, adversary or neutral bystanders in different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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29
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Yang Q, Zhang X, Shi Y, He YP, Sun ZG, Shi HJ, Wang J. Increased Expression of NDRG3 in Mouse Uterus During Embryo Implantation and in Mouse Endometrial Stromal Cells During In Vitro Decidualization. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1197-1207. [PMID: 29096585 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117737843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Decidualization is an indispensable event in the embryo implantation process, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we showed that in mice, the uterine expression of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 3 (NDRG3), a member of the α/β hydrolase superfamily, was induced by estradiol and progesterone. During the embryo implantation process, uterine Ndrg3 expression was remarkably upregulated, and its expression level at implantation sites (IS) was significantly higher than that at inter-IS. Increased uterine expression of Ndrg3 was associated with artificial decidualization and the activation of delayed implantation. The in vitro decidualization of mouse endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) induced by estradiol and progesterone was also accompanied by increased Ndrg3 expression, and downregulated Ndrg3 expression in ESCs effectively inhibited decidualization. miR-290b-5p was identified as an upstream regulator of Ndrg3, and the uterine expression level of miR-290b-5p was decreased during the implantation process. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-290b-5p in mouse ESCs inhibited their in vitro decidualization. Taken together, these data suggested that Ndrg3 might play an important role in embryo implantation by regulating decidualization potentially via the estrogen/progesterone/miR-290b-5p pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ping He
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Gui Sun
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Fazio E, Fragalà S, Ferlazzo A, Cravana C, Torrisi K, Medica P. Progesterone, Estradiol-17β, Cortisol, and Hematological Profile During the Estrous Cycle of Lactating Jennies: Preliminary and Comparative Observations. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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IL-4-secreting eosinophils promote endometrial stromal cell proliferation and prevent Chlamydia-induced upper genital tract damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6892-E6901. [PMID: 28765368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621253114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women typically are asymptomatic and do not cause permanent upper genital tract (UGT) damage. Consistent with this presentation, type 2 innate and TH2 adaptive immune responses associated with dampened inflammation and tissue repair are elicited in the UGT of Chlamydia-infected women. Primary C. trachomatis infection of mice also causes no genital pathology, but unlike women, does not generate Chlamydia-specific TH2 immunity. Herein, we explored the significance of type 2 innate immunity for restricting UGT tissue damage in Chlamydia-infected mice, and in initial studies intravaginally infected wild-type, IL-10-/-, IL-4-/-, and IL-4Rα-/- mice with low-dose C. trachomatis inoculums. Whereas Chlamydia was comparably cleared in all groups, IL-4-/- and IL-4Rα-/- mice displayed endometrial damage not seen in wild-type or IL-10-/- mice. Congruent with the aberrant tissue repair in mice with deficient IL-4 signaling, we found that IL-4Rα and STAT6 signaling mediated IL-4-induced endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation ex vivo, and that genital administration of an IL-4-expressing adenoviral vector greatly increased in vivo ESC proliferation. Studies with IL-4-IRES-eGFP (4get) reporter mice showed eosinophils were the main IL-4-producing endometrial leukocyte (constitutively and during Chlamydia infection), whereas studies with eosinophil-deficient mice identified this innate immune cell as essential for endometrial repair during Chlamydia infection. Together, our studies reveal IL-4-producing eosinophils stimulate ESC proliferation and prevent Chlamydia-induced endometrial damage. Based on these results, it seems possible that the robust type 2 immunity elicited by Chlamydia infection of human genital tissue may analogously promote repair processes that reduce phenotypic disease expression.
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32
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Marichal T, Mesnil C, Bureau F. Homeostatic Eosinophils: Characteristics and Functions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:101. [PMID: 28744457 PMCID: PMC5504169 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically considered to be specialized effector cells that are recruited to the tissues as a result of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses associated with helminth infections or allergic diseases such as asthma. Once at the site of injury, eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins as well as preformed cytokines and lipid mediators, contributing to parasite destruction but also to exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage. Accumulating evidence indicates that, besides their roles in Th2 responses, eosinophils also regulate homeostatic processes at steady state, thereby challenging the exclusive paradigm of the eosinophil as a destructive and inflammatory cell. Indeed, under baseline conditions, eosinophils rapidly leave the bloodstream to enter tissues, mainly the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adipose tissue, thymus, uterus, and mammary glands, where they regulate a variety of important biological functions, such as immunoregulation, control of glucose homeostasis, protection against obesity, regulation of mammary gland development, and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. This article provides an overview of the characteristics and functions of these homeostatic eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Mesnil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,WELBIO, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
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33
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Diny NL, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28496445 PMCID: PMC5406413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel R Rose
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Fujii S, Kanahara H, Hosoe M, Furusawa T, Kizaki K. Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040742. [PMID: 28362325 PMCID: PMC5412327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the possible roles of chemokines in regulating bovine endometrial function during early pregnancy. The expression of six chemokines, including CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, CCL14, CCL16, and CXCL10, was higher in the endometrium at 15 and 18 days of pregnancy than at the same days in non-pregnant animals. Immunohistochemical staining showed that chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CXCR3) were expressed in the epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells of the bovine endometrium as well as in the fetal trophoblast obtained from a cow on day 18 of pregnancy. The addition of interferon-τ (IFNT) to an endometrial tissue culture system increased CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in the tissues, but did not affect CCL2, CCL11, and CCL16 expression. CCL14 expression by these tissues was inhibited by IFNT. CCL16, but not other chemokines, clearly stimulated interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and myxovirus-resistance gene 1 (MX1) expression in these tissues. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression decreased after stimulation with CCL8 and CCL14, and oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression was decreased by CCL2, CCL8, CCL14, and CXCL10. Collectively, the expression of chemokine genes is increased in the endometrium during early pregnancy. These genes may contribute to the regulation of endometrial function by inhibiting COX2 and OTR expression, subsequently decreasing prostaglandin production and preventing luteolysis in cows.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Embryo Implantation/genetics
- Embryo Implantation/physiology
- Endometrium/cytology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Immunohistochemistry
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Shiori Fujii
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kanahara
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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35
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RNA Profiling of Non-cultured Fibroblasts Isolated from Pubertal Mouse Mammary Gland Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1501:149-164. [PMID: 27796951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of the pubertal mouse mammary gland grows and invades the mammary fat pad to form a primary ductal network. This outgrowth is tightly controlled by epithelial and stromal factors that are present in the environment around the terminal end buds (TEB) at the growth front and the newly formed ducts. Identifying the contribution that each cell type makes to this regulation is a major challenge. To identify the role that fibroblasts play during this process we have optimised a fibroblast isolation procedure, followed by cell cleanup, RNA extraction, and amplification from non-cultured, freshly isolated fibroblasts from around the TEB as well as the subtending ducts. This was facilitated by the use of mice that constitutively expressed EGFP, which allowed the visualization of the growth front of the pubertal mammary tree under UV light. The isolated RNA is of sufficiently high quality, giving reproducible qRT-PCR results, for transcriptome analysis after RNA amplification.
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36
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Abstract
Historically, eosinophils have been considered as end-stage cells involved in host protection against parasitic infection and in the mechanisms of hypersensitivity. However, later studies have shown that this multifunctional cell is also capable of producing immunoregulatory cytokines and soluble mediators and is involved in tissue homeostasis and modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize the biology of eosinophils, including the function and molecular mechanisms of their granule proteins, cell surface markers, mediators, and pathways, and present comprehensive reviews of research updates on the genetics and epigenetics of eosinophils. We describe recent advances in the development of epigenetics of eosinophil-related diseases, especially in asthma. Likewise, recent studies have provided us with a more complete appreciation of how eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Over the past decades, the definition and criteria of HES have been evolving with the progress of our understanding of the disease and some aspects of this disease still remain controversial. We also review recent updates on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of HES, which have spurred dramatic developments in the clinical strategies of diagnosis and treatment for this heterogeneous group of diseases. The conclusion from this review is that the biology of eosinophils provides significant insights as to their roles in health and disease and, furthermore, demonstrates that a better understanding of eosinophil will accelerate the development of new therapeutic strategies for patients.
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37
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Diny NL, Hou X, Barin JG, Chen G, Talor MV, Schaub J, Russell SD, Klingel K, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of eotaxins and regulate eosinophil trafficking to the heart. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2749-2760. [PMID: 27621211 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac manifestations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with eosinophil-associated diseases. Eosinophils are thought to play a pathogenic role in myocarditis. We investigated the pathways that recruit eosinophils to the heart using a model of eosinophilic myocarditis, in which experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is induced in IFNγ-/- IL-17A-/- mice. Two conditions are necessary for efficient eosinophil trafficking to the heart: high eotaxin (CCL11, CCL24) expression in the heart and expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 by eosinophils. We identified cardiac fibroblasts as the source of CCL11 in the heart interstitium. CCL24 is produced by F4/80+ macrophages localized at inflammatory foci in the heart. Expression of CCL11 and CCL24 is controlled by Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13. To determine the relevance of this pathway in humans, we analyzed endomyocardial biopsy samples from myocarditis patients. Expression of CCL11 and CCL26 was significantly increased in eosinophilic myocarditis compared to chronic lymphocytic myocarditis and positively correlated with the number of eosinophils. Thus, eosinophil trafficking to the heart is dependent on the eotaxin-CCR3 pathway in a mouse model of EAM and associated with cardiac eotaxin expression in patients with eosinophilic myocarditis. Blocking this pathway may prevent eosinophil-mediated cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie Schaub
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart D Russell
- Department of Medicine Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karin Klingel
- Abteilung für Molekulare Pathologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noel R Rose
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mesnil C, Raulier S, Paulissen G, Xiao X, Birrell MA, Pirottin D, Janss T, Starkl P, Ramery E, Henket M, Schleich FN, Radermecker M, Thielemans K, Gillet L, Thiry M, Belvisi MG, Louis R, Desmet C, Marichal T, Bureau F. Lung-resident eosinophils represent a distinct regulatory eosinophil subset. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3279-95. [PMID: 27548519 DOI: 10.1172/jci85664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in eosinophil numbers are associated with infection and allergic diseases, including asthma, but there is also evidence that eosinophils contribute to homeostatic immune processes. In mice, the normal lung contains resident eosinophils (rEos), but their function has not been characterized. Here, we have reported that steady-state pulmonary rEos are IL-5-independent parenchymal Siglec-FintCD62L+CD101lo cells with a ring-shaped nucleus. During house dust mite-induced airway allergy, rEos features remained unchanged, and rEos were accompanied by recruited inflammatory eosinophils (iEos), which were defined as IL-5-dependent peribronchial Siglec-FhiCD62L-CD101hi cells with a segmented nucleus. Gene expression analyses revealed a more regulatory profile for rEos than for iEos, and correspondingly, mice lacking lung rEos showed an increase in Th2 cell responses to inhaled allergens. Such elevation of Th2 responses was linked to the ability of rEos, but not iEos, to inhibit the maturation, and therefore the pro-Th2 function, of allergen-loaded DCs. Finally, we determined that the parenchymal rEos found in nonasthmatic human lungs (Siglec-8+CD62L+IL-3Rlo cells) were phenotypically distinct from the iEos isolated from the sputa of eosinophilic asthmatic patients (Siglec-8+CD62LloIL-3Rhi cells), suggesting that our findings in mice are relevant to humans. In conclusion, our data define lung rEos as a distinct eosinophil subset with key homeostatic functions.
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Yang Q, Gu Y, Zhang X, Wang JM, He YP, Shi Y, Sun ZG, Shi HJ, Wang J. Uterine Expression of NDRG4 Is Induced by Estrogen and Up-Regulated during Embryo Implantation Process in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155491. [PMID: 27175791 PMCID: PMC4866685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is an essential step for the establishment of pregnancy and dynamically regulated by estrogen and progesterone. NDRG4 (N-myc down-regulated gene 4) is a tumor suppressor that participates in cell survival, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to preliminarily explore the role of NDRG4 in embryo implantation. By immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitive RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that uterine expression of NDRG4 was increased along with puberal development, and its expression in adult females reached the peak at the estrus stage during the estrus cycle. Furthermore, uterine NDRG4 expression was significantly induced by the treatment of estradiol (E2) both in pre-puberty females and ovariectomized adult females. Uterine expression pattern of NDRG4 during the peri-implantation period in mice was determined by IHC, qRT-PCR and Western blot. It was observed that NDRG4 expression was up-regulated during the implantation process, and its expression level at the implantation sites was significantly higher than that at the inter-implantation sites. Meanwhile, an increased expression in NDRG4 was associated with artificial decidualization as well as the activation of delayed implantation. By qRT-PCR and Western blot, we found that the in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was accompanied by up-regulation of NDRG4 expression, whereas knockdown of its expression in these cells by siRNA inhibited the decidualization process. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that NDRG4 protein expression was decreased in human villus tissues of recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients compared to normal pregnant women. Collectively, these data suggested that uterine NDRG4 expression could be induced by estrogen, and NDRG4 might play an important role during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Gu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HJS)
| | - Jian-Mei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ya-Ping He
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Shi
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Gui Sun
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HJS)
| | - Jian Wang
- NPFPC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, SIPPR, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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40
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Sugawara R, Lee EJ, Jang MS, Jeun EJ, Hong CP, Kim JH, Park A, Yun CH, Hong SW, Kim YM, Seoh JY, Jung Y, Surh CD, Miyasaka M, Yang BG, Jang MH. Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist. J Exp Med 2016; 213:555-67. [PMID: 26951334 PMCID: PMC4821642 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jang et al. show that eosinophils in the small intestine can suppress Th17 cell differentiation through the secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal eosinophils suppressed the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells, as well as IL-17 production by small intestinal CD4+ T cells. Unlike other small intestinal immune cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Sugawara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Jeun
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Pyo Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Yun
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Seoh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 158-710 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 21936 Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bo-Gie Yang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
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Diener KR, Robertson SA, Hayball JD, Lousberg EL. Multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis of uterine immune cell fluctuations over the murine estrous cycle. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 113:61-7. [PMID: 26759962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigating immune cell populations within various reproductive tissues commonly utilises flow cytometric methods. With advances in fluorophore technology and equipment capabilities, multiple cell types from a single tissue sample can be identified by using different combinations of cell surface markers to distinguish specific cell populations. Here a protocol optimized for mouse uterine tissue was used to show the proportional changes in dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophages, T and B cells, NK and NK T cells, and the granulocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils at each of the four stages of the estrous cycle. Importantly, we demonstrate that use of anti-SiglecF or assessment of FSC/SSC plots could be used to differentiate monocyte/macrophage and eosinophil populations that otherwise cannot be distinguished by use of the common combination of antibodies against F4/80 and CD11b. Our results clearly indicate that within the uterus a dynamic population of immune cells resides, with many cell types reaching peak abundance at estrus and metestrus phases of the cycle, consistent with their importance in the response to paternal antigens and/or pathogens encountered after insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia.
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
| | - Erin L Lousberg
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A., 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., 5005, Australia
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42
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Beaudry KL, Parsons CLM, Ellis SE, Akers RM. Localization and quantitation of macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils in the developing bovine mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:796-804. [PMID: 26547646 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prepubertal mammary development involves elongation and branching of ducts and stromal tissue remodeling. This process is highly regulated and in mice is known to be affected by the presence of innate immune cells. Whether or not such immune cells are present or involved in bovine mammary development is unknown. For the first time, we determined the presence, location (relative to mammary ductal structures), and changes in numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages in prepubertal bovine mammary tissue, and evaluated the effects of age, ovariectomy, and exogenous estrogen on numbers of each cell type. Chemical stains and immunofluorescence were used to identify the 3 cell types in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mammary tissue from prepubertal female calves from 3 archived tissue sets. The ontogeny tissue set included samples of mammary tissue from female calves (n=4/wk) from birth to 6 wk of age. The ovary tissue set contained samples from ovary intact and ovariectomized heifers allowing us to investigate the influence of the ovaries on immune cells in the developing mammary gland in prepubertal heifers. Nineteen animals were intact or ovariectomized 30 d before sampling; they were 90, 120, or 150 d old at the time of sampling. A third tissue set, the estrogen set, allowed us to determine the effect of exogenous estrogen on innate immune cells in the gland. Eosinophils were identified via Luna staining, mast cells by May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and macrophages with immunofluorescence. Key findings were that more eosinophils and mast cells were observed in near versus far stroma in the ontogeny and ovary tissue sets but not estrogen. More macrophages were observed in near versus far stroma in ontogeny animals. Eosinophils were more abundant in the younger animals, and fewer macrophages tended to be observed in ovariectomized heifers as compared with intact heifers and estrogen treatment resulted in a reduction in cell numbers. In summary, we show for the first time that innate immune cells are present in prepubertal bovine mammary tissue, localization varies by immune cell type, and abundance is related to proximity of epithelial structures and physiological state. We suggest a likely role for these cells in control of bovine mammary growth and ductal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Beaudry
- Department of Dairy Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - C L M Parsons
- Department of Dairy Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - S E Ellis
- Department of Dairy Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - R M Akers
- Department of Dairy Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
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43
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Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, Kankaanranta H. Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:514868. [PMID: 26538828 PMCID: PMC4619972 DOI: 10.1155/2015/514868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life-style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult-onset disease. Adult-onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult-onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood-onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult-onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult-onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Leena E. Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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44
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Berek C. Eosinophils: important players in humoral immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:57-64. [PMID: 26291602 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils perform numerous tasks. They are involved in inflammatory reactions associated with innate immune defence against parasitic infections and are also involved in pathological processes in response to allergens. Recently, however, it has become clear that eosinophils also play crucial non-inflammatory roles in the generation and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. Eosinophils, being a major source of the plasma cell survival factor APRIL (activation and proliferation-induced ligand), are essential not only for the long-term survival of plasma cells in the bone marrow, but also for the maintenance of these cells in the lamina propria which underlies the gut epithelium. At steady state under non-inflammatory conditions eosinophils are resident cells of the gastrointestinal tract, although only few are present in the major organized lymphoid tissue of the gut - the Peyer's patches (PP). Surprisingly, however, lack of eosinophils abolishes efficient class-switching of B cells to immunoglobulin (Ig)A in the germinal centres of PP. Thus, eosinophils are required to generate and to maintain mucosal IgA plasma cells, and as a consequence their absence leads to a marked reduction of IgA both in serum and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Eosinophils thus have an essential part in long-term humoral immune protection, as they are crucial for the longevity of antibody-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow and, in addition, for gut immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berek
- B cell Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Gu Y, Zhang X, Yang Q, Wang JM, He YP, Sun ZG, Zhang HQ, Wang J. Uterine NDRG2 expression is increased at implantation sites during early pregnancy in mice, and its down-regulation inhibits decidualization of mouse endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:49. [PMID: 26013399 PMCID: PMC4447025 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc down-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine the uterine expression pattern of this gene during early pregnancy in mice. METHODS Uterine NDRG2 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively, during the peri-implantation period in mice. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to examine the spatial localization of NDRG2 expression in mouse uterine tissues. The in vitro decidualization model of mouse endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was used to evaluate decidualization of ESCs following NDRG2 knock down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS Uterine NDRG2 gene expression was significantly up-regulated and was predominantly localized to the secondary decidual zone on days 5 and 8 of pregnancy in mice. Its increased expression was associated with artificial decidualization as well as the activation of delayed implantation. Furthermore, uterine NDRG2 expression was induced by estrogen and progesterone treatments. The in vitro decidualization of mouse ESCs was accompanied by up-regulation of NDRG2 expression, and knock down of its expression in these cells by siRNA inhibited the decidualization process. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NDRG2 might play an important role in the process of decidualization during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-mei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ya-ping He
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhao-gui Sun
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-qin Zhang
- Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
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Snijders AM, Langley S, Mao JH, Bhatnagar S, Bjornstad KA, Rosen CJ, Lo A, Huang Y, Blakely EA, Karpen GH, Bissell MJ, Wyrobek AJ. An interferon signature identified by RNA-sequencing of mammary tissues varies across the estrous cycle and is predictive of metastasis-free survival. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4011-25. [PMID: 24994117 PMCID: PMC4147302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that a breast cancer patient's menstrual stage at the time of tumor surgery influences risk of metastases remains controversial. The scarcity of comprehensive molecular studies of menstrual stage-dependent fluctuations in the breast provides little insight. To gain a deeper understanding of the biological changes in mammary tissue and blood during the menstrual cycle and to determine the influence of environmental exposures, such as low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR), we used the mouse to characterize estrous-cycle variations in mammary gene transcripts by RNA-sequencing, peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts and plasma cytokine levels. We identified an estrous-variable and hormone-dependent gene cluster enriched for Type-1 interferon genes. Cox regression identified a 117-gene signature of interferon-associated genes, which correlated with lower frequencies of metastasis in breast cancer patients. LDIR (10cGy) exposure had no detectable effect on mammary transcripts. However, peripheral WBC counts varied across the estrous cycle and LDIR exposure reduced lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels in tumor-susceptible mice. Our finding of variations in mammary Type-1 interferon and immune functions across the estrous cycle provides a mechanism by which timing of breast tumor surgery during the menstrual cycle may have clinical relevance to a patient's risk for distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Snijders
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sasha Langley
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sandhya Bhatnagar
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Chris J Rosen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Alvin Lo
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Yurong Huang
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Eleanor A Blakely
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Gary H Karpen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Andrew J Wyrobek
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
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Mucosal Eosinophils. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Expression and functional roles of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in human eosinophils. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:72-78. [PMID: 24718279 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in asthma links the estrogen and allergic immune responses. The function of estrogen was classically believed to be mediated through its nuclear receptors, i.e., estrogen receptors (ERs). However, recent studies established the important roles of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) as a novel membrane receptor for estrogen. To date, the role of GPER in allergic inflammation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether GPER might affect the functions of eosinophils, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Here, we demonstrated that GPER was expressed in purified human peripheral blood eosinophils both at the mRNA and protein levels. Although GPER agonist G-1 did not induce eosinophil chemotaxis or chemokinesis, preincubation with G-1 enhanced eotaxin (CCL11)-directed eosinophil chemotaxis. G-1 inhibited eosinophil spontaneous apoptosis and caspase-3 activities. The anti-apoptotic effect was not affected by the cAMP-phospodiesterase inhibitor rolipram or phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. In contrast to resting eosinophils, G-1 induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activities when eosinophils were co-stimulated with IL-5. No effect of G-1 was observed on eosinophil degranulation in terms of release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). The current study indicates the functional capacities of GPER on human eosinophils and also provides the previously unrecognized mechanisms of interaction between estrogen and allergic inflammation.
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Akhi SN, Diaz-Garcia C, El-Akouri RR, Wranning CA, Mölne J, Brännström M. Uterine rejection after allogeneic uterus transplantation in the rat is effectively suppressed by tacrolimus. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:862-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Innate immune cells in liver inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:949157. [PMID: 22933833 PMCID: PMC3425885 DOI: 10.1155/2012/949157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune system is the first line of defence against invading pathogens that is critical for the overall survival of the host. Human liver is characterised by a dual blood supply, with 80% of blood entering through the portal vein carrying nutrients and bacterial endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract. The liver is thus constantly exposed to antigenic loads. Therefore, pathogenic microorganism must be efficiently eliminated whilst harmless antigens derived from the gastrointestinal tract need to be tolerized in the liver. In order to achieve this, the liver innate immune system is equipped with multiple cellular components; monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells which coordinate to exert tolerogenic environment at the same time detect, respond, and eliminate invading pathogens, infected or transformed self to mount immunity. This paper will discuss the innate immune cells that take part in human liver inflammation, and their roles in both resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
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