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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Sharma A, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0. [PMID: 38795286 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of S-phase proliferative tip cells relative to stalk cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip and stalk cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest and dynamics at the front. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Krotenberg Garcia A, Ledesma-Terrón M, Lamprou M, Vriend J, van Luyk ME, Suijkerbuijk SJE. Cell competition promotes metastatic intestinal cancer through a multistage process. iScience 2024; 27:109718. [PMID: 38706869 PMCID: PMC11068562 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell competition plays an instrumental role in quality control during tissue development and homeostasis. Nevertheless, cancer cells can exploit this process for their own proliferative advantage. In our study, we generated mixed murine organoids and microtissues to explore the impact of cell competition on liver metastasis. Unlike competition at the primary site, the initial effect on liver progenitor cells does not involve the induction of apoptosis. Instead, metastatic competition manifests as a multistage process. Initially, liver progenitors undergo compaction, which is followed by cell-cycle arrest, ultimately forcing differentiation. Subsequently, the newly differentiated liver cells exhibit reduced cellular fitness, rendering them more susceptible to outcompetition by intestinal cancer cells. Notably, cancer cells leverage different interactions with different epithelial populations in the liver, using them as scaffolds to facilitate their growth. Consequently, tissue-specific mechanisms of cell competition are fundamental in driving metastatic intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Ledesma-Terrón
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), University City of Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Lamprou
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Vriend
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Elise van Luyk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Jacoba Elisabeth Suijkerbuijk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Moos F, Suppinger S, de Medeiros G, Oost KC, Boni A, Rémy C, Weevers SL, Tsiairis C, Strnad P, Liberali P. Open-top multisample dual-view light-sheet microscope for live imaging of large multicellular systems. Nat Methods 2024; 21:798-803. [PMID: 38509326 PMCID: PMC11093739 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular systems grow over the course of weeks from single cells to tissues or even full organisms, making live imaging challenging. To bridge spatiotemporal scales, we present an open-top dual-view and dual-illumination light-sheet microscope dedicated to live imaging of large specimens at single-cell resolution. The configuration of objectives together with a customizable multiwell mounting system combines dual view with high-throughput multiposition imaging. We use this microscope to image a wide variety of samples and highlight its capabilities to gain quantitative single-cell information in large specimens such as mature intestinal organoids and gastruloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Moos
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Suppinger
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo de Medeiros
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Viventis Microscopy Sàrl, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Boni
- Viventis Microscopy Sàrl, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sera Lotte Weevers
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charisios Tsiairis
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Strnad
- Viventis Microscopy Sàrl, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Xie S, Zhang S, de Medeiros G, Liberali P, Skotheim JM. The G1/S transition in mammalian stem cells in vivo is autonomously regulated by cell size. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588781. [PMID: 38645246 PMCID: PMC11030448 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell growth and division must be coordinated to maintain a stable cell size, but how this coordination is implemented in multicellular tissues remains unclear. In unicellular eukaryotes, autonomous cell size control mechanisms couple cell growth and division with little extracellular input. However, in multicellular tissues we do not know if autonomous cell size control mechanisms operate the same way or whether cell growth and cell cycle progression are separately controlled by cell-extrinsic signals. Here, we address this question by tracking single epidermal stem cells growing in adult mice. We find that a cell-autonomous size control mechanism, dependent on the RB pathway, sets the timing of S phase entry based on the cell's current size. Cell-extrinsic variations in the cellular microenvironment affect cell growth rates but not this autonomous coupling. Our work reassesses long-standing models of cell cycle regulation within complex metazoan tissues and identifies cell-autonomous size control as a critical mechanism regulating cell divisions in vivo and thereby a major contributor to stem cell heterogeneity.
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Genet G, Genet N, Paila U, Cain SR, Cwiek A, Chavkin NW, Serbulea V, Figueras A, Cerdà P, McDonnell SP, Sankaranarayanan D, Huba M, Nelson EA, Riera-Mestre A, Hirschi KK. Induced Endothelial Cell Cycle Arrest Prevents Arteriovenous Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Circulation 2024; 149:944-962. [PMID: 38126211 PMCID: PMC10954087 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct endothelial cell cycle states (early G1 versus late G1) provide different "windows of opportunity" to enable the differential expression of genes that regulate venous versus arterial specification, respectively. Endothelial cell cycle control and arteriovenous identities are disrupted in vascular malformations including arteriovenous shunts, the hallmark of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). To date, the mechanistic link between endothelial cell cycle regulation and the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in HHT is not known. METHODS We used BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) 9/10 blocking antibodies and endothelial-specific deletion of activin A receptor like type 1 (Alk1) to induce HHT in Fucci (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator) 2 mice to assess endothelial cell cycle states in AVMs. We also assessed the therapeutic potential of inducing endothelial cell cycle G1 state in HHT to prevent AVMs by repurposing the Food and Drug Administration-approved CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) palbociclib. RESULTS We found that endothelial cell cycle state and associated gene expressions are dysregulated during the pathogenesis of vascular malformations in HHT. We also showed that palbociclib treatment prevented AVM development induced by BMP9/10 inhibition and Alk1 genetic deletion. Mechanistically, endothelial cell late G1 state induced by palbociclib modulates the expression of genes regulating arteriovenous identity, endothelial cell migration, metabolism, and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and BMP9 signaling that collectively contribute to the prevention of vascular malformations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms leading to HHT by defining how endothelial cell cycle is dysregulated in AVMs because of BMP9/10 and Alk1 signaling deficiencies, and how restoration of endothelial cell cycle control may be used to treat AVMs in patients with HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Shelby R Cain
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Aleksandra Cwiek
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (N.W.C., V.S., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (N.W.C., V.S., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Agnès Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.)
- Oncobell Program (A.F.), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Cerdà
- (P.C., A.R.-M.), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- HHT Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (P.C., A.R.-M.)
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Danya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mahalia Huba
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Antoni Riera-Mestre
- (P.C., A.R.-M.), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- HHT Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (P.C., A.R.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain (A.R.-M.)
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology (G.G., N.G., U.P., S.R.C., A.C., S.P.M., D.S., M.H., E.A.N., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (N.W.C., V.S., K.K.H.), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.K.H.)
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6
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Collins A, Swann JW, Proven MA, Patel CM, Mitchell CA, Kasbekar M, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Maternal inflammation regulates fetal emergency myelopoiesis. Cell 2024; 187:1402-1421.e21. [PMID: 38428422 PMCID: PMC10954379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Neonates are highly susceptible to inflammation and infection. Here, we investigate how late fetal liver (FL) mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to inflammation, testing the hypothesis that deficits in the engagement of emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways limit neutrophil output and contribute to perinatal neutropenia. We show that fetal HSPCs have limited production of myeloid cells at steady state and fail to activate a classical adult-like EM transcriptional program. Moreover, we find that fetal HSPCs can respond to EM-inducing inflammatory stimuli in vitro but are restricted by maternal anti-inflammatory factors, primarily interleukin-10 (IL-10), from activating EM pathways in utero. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the loss of maternal IL-10 restores EM activation in fetal HSPCs but at the cost of fetal demise. These results reveal the evolutionary trade-off inherent in maternal anti-inflammatory responses that maintain pregnancy but render the fetus unresponsive to EM activation signals and susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology-Perinatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - James W Swann
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa A Proven
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandani M Patel
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Monica Kasbekar
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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7
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Burbano de Lara S, Kemmer S, Biermayer I, Feiler S, Vlasov A, D'Alessandro LA, Helm B, Mölders C, Dieter Y, Ghallab A, Hengstler JG, Körner C, Matz-Soja M, Götz C, Damm G, Hoffmann K, Seehofer D, Berg T, Schilling M, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Basal MET phosphorylation is an indicator of hepatocyte dysregulation in liver disease. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:187-216. [PMID: 38216754 PMCID: PMC10912216 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are worldwide on the rise. Due to the rapidly increasing incidence, in particular in Western countries, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is gaining importance as the disease can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes has been identified as the characteristic structural change in MASLD development, but molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression remained unresolved. Here, we uncover in primary hepatocytes from a preclinical model fed with a Western diet (WD) an increased basal MET phosphorylation and a strong downregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Dynamic pathway modeling of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signal transduction combined with global proteomics identifies that an elevated basal MET phosphorylation rate is the main driver of altered signaling leading to increased proliferation of WD-hepatocytes. Model-adaptation to patient-derived hepatocytes reveal patient-specific variability in basal MET phosphorylation, which correlates with patient outcome after liver surgery. Thus, dysregulated basal MET phosphorylation could be an indicator for the health status of the liver and thereby inform on the risk of a patient to suffer from liver failure after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Burbano de Lara
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kemmer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FDM - Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Biermayer
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Feiler
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artyom Vlasov
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Mölders
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Dieter
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christiane Körner
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Götz
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jens Timmer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- FDM - Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574239. [PMID: 38249517 PMCID: PMC10798646 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of proliferative tip cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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9
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Cotton MJ, Ariel P, Chen K, Walcott VA, Dixit M, Breau KA, Hinesley CM, Kedziora K, Tang CY, Zheng A, Magness ST, Burclaff J. An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561410. [PMID: 37873351 PMCID: PMC10592697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The intestinal epithelium exhibits dynamic control of cell cycle phase lengths, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in living human intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here, we develop primary human ISC lines with two different reporter constructs to provide fluorescent readouts to analyze cell cycle phases in cycling ISCs. Methods 3D printing was used to construct a collagen press for making chamber slides that support primary human ISC growth and maintenance within the working distance of a confocal microscope objective. The PIP-FUCCI fluorescent cell cycle reporter and a variant with H2A-mScarlet that allows for automated tracking of cell cycle phases (PIP-H2A) were used in human ISCs along with live imaging and EdU pulsing. An analysis pipeline combining free-to-use programs and publicly available code was compiled to analyze live imaging results. Results Chamber slides with soft collagen pressed to a thickness of 0.3 mm concurrently support ISC cycling and confocal imaging. PIP-FUCCI ISCs were found to be optimal for snapshot analysis wherein all nuclei are assigned to a cell cycle phase from a single image. PIP-H2A ISCs were better suited for live imaging since constant nuclear signal allowed for more automated analysis. CellPose2 and TrackMate were used together to track cycling cells. Conclusions We present two complete platforms for analyzing cell cycle phases in living primary human ISCs. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for cell cycle phase assignment from one image of living cells, the PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths in human ISCs using our computational pipeline. These platforms hold great promise for future studies on how pharmaceutical agents affect the intestinal epithelium, how cell cycle is regulated in human ISCs, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cotton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vanessa A Walcott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Dixit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kasia Kedziora
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anna Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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10
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Collins A, Swann JW, Proven MA, Patel CM, Mitchell CA, Kasbekar M, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Maternal IL-10 restricts fetal emergency myelopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557548. [PMID: 37745377 PMCID: PMC10515963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Neonates, in contrast to adults, are highly susceptible to inflammation and infection. Here we investigate how late fetal liver (FL) mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) respond to inflammation, testing the hypothesis that deficits in engagement of emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways limit neutrophil output and contribute to perinatal neutropenia. We show that despite similar molecular wiring as adults, fetal HSPCs have limited production of myeloid cells at steady state and fail to activate a classical EM transcriptional program. Moreover, we find that fetal HSPCs are capable of responding to EM-inducing inflammatory stimuli in vitro , but are restricted by maternal anti-inflammatory factors, primarily interleukin-10 (IL-10), from activating EM pathways in utero . Accordingly, we demonstrate that loss of maternal IL-10 restores EM activation in fetal HSPCs but at the cost of premature parturition. These results reveal the evolutionary trade-off inherent in maternal anti-inflammatory responses that maintain pregnancy but render the fetus unresponsive to EM activation signals and susceptible to infection. HIGHLIGHTS The structure of the HSPC compartment is conserved from late fetal to adult life.Fetal HSPCs have diminished steady-state myeloid cell production compared to adult.Fetal HSPCs are restricted from engaging in emergency myelopoiesis by maternal IL-10.Restriction of emergency myelopoiesis may explain neutropenia in septic neonates. eTOC BLURB Fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are restricted from activating emergency myelopoiesis pathways by maternal IL-10, resulting in inadequate myeloid cell production in response to inflammatory challenges and contributing to neonatal neutropenia.
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11
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Capece M, Tessari A, Mills J, Vinciguerra GLR, Louke D, Lin C, McElwain BK, Miles WO, Coppola V, Davies AE, Palmieri D, Croce CM. A novel auxin-inducible degron system for rapid, cell cycle-specific targeted proteolysis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2078-2091. [PMID: 37537305 PMCID: PMC10482871 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of protein biological functions in different phases of the cell cycle is limited by the lack of experimental approaches that do not require pre-treatment with compounds affecting the cell cycle progression. Therefore, potential cycle-specific biological functions of a protein of interest could be biased by the effects of cell treatments. The OsTIR1/auxin-inducible degron (AID) system allows "on demand" selective and reversible protein degradation upon exposure to the phytohormone auxin. In the current format, this technology does not allow to study the effect of acute protein depletion selectively in one phase of the cell cycle, as auxin similarly affects all the treated cells irrespectively of their proliferation status. Therefore, the AID system requires coupling with cell synchronization techniques, which can alter the basal biological status of the studied cell population, as with previously available approaches. Here, we introduce a new AID system to Regulate OsTIR1 Levels based on the Cell Cycle Status (ROLECCS system), which induces proteolysis of both exogenously transfected and endogenous gene-edited targets in specific phases of the cell cycle. We validated the ROLECCS technology by down regulating the protein levels of TP53, one of the most studied tumor suppressor genes, with a widely known role in cell cycle progression. By using our novel tool, we observed that TP53 degradation is associated with increased number of micronuclei, and this phenotype is specifically achieved when TP53 is lost in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, but not in G1. Therefore, we propose the use of the ROLECCS system as a new improved way of studying the differential roles that target proteins may have in specific phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Capece
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darian Louke
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Gene Editing Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Hammond T, Sage J. Monitoring the Cell Cycle of Tumor Cells in Mouse Models of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041383. [PMID: 37460156 PMCID: PMC10691483 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is obligatory to tumor growth. However, both cancer cells and noncancer cells in tumors can be found in distinct stages of the cell cycle, which may inform the growth potential of these tumors, their propensity to metastasize, and their response to therapy. Hence, it is of utmost importance to monitor the cell cycle of tumor cells. Here we discuss well-established methods and new genetic advances to track the cell cycle of tumor cells in mouse models of human cancer. We also review recent genetic studies investigating the role of the cell-cycle machinery in the growth of tumors in vivo, with a focus on the machinery regulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylar Hammond
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, and Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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13
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Moore JL, Bhaskar D, Gao F, Matte-Martone C, Du S, Lathrop E, Ganesan S, Shao L, Norris R, Campamà Sanz N, Annusver K, Kasper M, Cox A, Hendry C, Rieck B, Krishnaswamy S, Greco V. Cell cycle controls long-range calcium signaling in the regenerating epidermis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302095. [PMID: 37102999 PMCID: PMC10140546 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin homeostasis is maintained by stem cells, which must communicate to balance their regenerative behaviors. Yet, how adult stem cells signal across regenerative tissue remains unknown due to challenges in studying signaling dynamics in live mice. We combined live imaging in the mouse basal stem cell layer with machine learning tools to analyze patterns of Ca2+ signaling. We show that basal cells display dynamic intercellular Ca2+ signaling among local neighborhoods. We find that these Ca2+ signals are coordinated across thousands of cells and that this coordination is an emergent property of the stem cell layer. We demonstrate that G2 cells are required to initiate normal levels of Ca2+ signaling, while connexin43 connects basal cells to orchestrate tissue-wide coordination of Ca2+ signaling. Lastly, we find that Ca2+ signaling drives cell cycle progression, revealing a communication feedback loop. This work provides resolution into how stem cells at different cell cycle stages coordinate tissue-wide signaling during epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Moore
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dhananjay Bhaskar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lathrop
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smirthy Ganesan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachael Norris
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nil Campamà Sanz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andy Cox
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Hendry
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bastian Rieck
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Zhu F, McMonigle RJ, Schroeder AR, Xia X, Figge D, Greer BD, González-Avalos E, Sialer DO, Wang YH, Chandler KM, Getzler AJ, Brown ER, Xiao C, Kutsch O, Harada Y, Pipkin ME, Hu H. Spatiotemporal resolution of germinal center Tfh cell differentiation and divergence from central memory CD4 + T cell fate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3611. [PMID: 37330549 PMCID: PMC10276816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are essential for germinal center (GC) B cell responses. However, it is not clear which PD-1+CXCR5+Bcl6+CD4+ T cells will differentiate into PD-1hiCXCR5hiBcl6hi GC-Tfh cells and how GC-Tfh cell differentiation is regulated. Here, we report that the sustained Tigit expression in PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells marks the precursor Tfh (pre-Tfh) to GC-Tfh transition, whereas Tigit-PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells upregulate IL-7Rα to become CXCR5+CD4+ T memory cells with or without CCR7. We demonstrate that pre-Tfh cells undergo substantial further differentiation at the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility levels to become GC-Tfh cells. The transcription factor c-Maf appears critical in governing the pre-Tfh to GC-Tfh transition, and we identify Plekho1 as a stage-specific downstream factor regulating the GC-Tfh competitive fitness. In summary, our work identifies an important marker and regulatory mechanism of PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells during their developmental choice between memory T cell fate and GC-Tfh cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ryan J McMonigle
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Andrew R Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xianyou Xia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David Figge
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Braxton D Greer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Edahí González-Avalos
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Diego O Sialer
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelly M Chandler
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adam J Getzler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Emily R Brown
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yohsuke Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Matthew E Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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15
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Williams KS, Secomb TW, El-Kareh AW. An autonomous mathematical model for the mammalian cell cycle. J Theor Biol 2023; 569:111533. [PMID: 37196820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model for the mammalian cell cycle is developed as a system of 13 coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The variables and interactions included in the model are based on detailed consideration of available experimental data. A novel feature of the model is inclusion of cycle tasks such as origin licensing and initiation, nuclear envelope breakdown and kinetochore attachment, and their interactions with controllers (molecular complexes involved in cycle control). Other key features are that the model is autonomous, except for a dependence on external growth factors; the variables are continuous in time, without instantaneous resets at phase boundaries; mechanisms to prevent rereplication are included; and cycle progression is independent of cell size. Eight variables represent cell cycle controllers: the Cyclin D1-Cdk4/6 complex, APCCdh1, SCFβTrCP, Cdc25A, MPF, NuMA, the securin-separase complex, and separase. Five variables represent task completion, with four for the status of origins and one for kinetochore attachment. The model predicts distinct behaviors corresponding to the main phases of the cell cycle, showing that the principal features of the mammalian cell cycle, including restriction point behavior, can be accounted for in a quantitative mechanistic way based on known interactions among cycle controllers and their coupling to tasks. The model is robust to parameter changes, in that cycling is maintained over at least a five-fold range of each parameter when varied individually. The model is suitable for exploring how extracellular factors affect cell cycle progression, including responses to metabolic conditions and to anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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Ozawa M, Taguchi J, Katsuma K, Ishikawa-Yamauchi Y, Kikuchi M, Sakamoto R, Yamada Y, Ikawa M. Efficient simultaneous double DNA knock-in in murine embryonic stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated circular plasmid targeting for generating gene-manipulated mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21558. [PMID: 36513736 PMCID: PMC9748034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting of embryonic stem (ES) cells followed by chimera production has been conventionally used for developing gene-manipulated mice. Although direct knock-in (KI) using murine zygote via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has been reported, ES cell targeting still has merits, e.g., high throughput work can be performed in vitro. In this study, we first compared the KI efficiency of mouse ES cells with CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector and ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and confirmed that KI efficiency was significantly increased by using RNP. Using CRISPR/Cas9 RNP and circular plasmid with homologous arms as a targeting vector, knock-in within ES cell clones could be obtained efficiently without drug selection, thus potentially shortening the vector construction or cell culture period. Moreover, by incorporating a drug-resistant cassette into the targeting vectors, double DNA KI can be simultaneously achieved at high efficiency by a single electroporation. This technique will help to facilitate the production of genetically modified mouse models that are fundamental for exploring topics related to human and mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ozawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Jumpei Taguchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kento Katsuma
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yu Ishikawa-Yamauchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Mio Kikuchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Reiko Sakamoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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17
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Chavkin NW, Genet G, Poulet M, Jeffery ED, Marziano C, Genet N, Vasavada H, Nelson EA, Acharya BR, Kour A, Aragon J, McDonnell SP, Huba M, Sheynkman GM, Walsh K, Hirschi KK. Endothelial cell cycle state determines propensity for arterial-venous fate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5891. [PMID: 36202789 PMCID: PMC9537338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During blood vessel development, endothelial cells become specified toward arterial or venous fates to generate a circulatory network that provides nutrients and oxygen to, and removes metabolic waste from, all tissues. Arterial-venous specification occurs in conjunction with suppression of endothelial cell cycle progression; however, the mechanistic role of cell cycle state is unknown. Herein, using Cdh5-CreERT2;R26FUCCI2aR reporter mice, we find that venous endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Negative state (early G1) and BMP signaling, while arterial endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Red state (late G1) and TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, early G1 state is essential for BMP4-induced venous gene expression, whereas late G1 state is essential for TGF-β1-induced arterial gene expression. Pharmacologically induced cell cycle arrest prevents arterial-venous specification defects in mice with endothelial hyperproliferation. Collectively, our results show that distinct endothelial cell cycle states provide distinct windows of opportunity for the molecular induction of arterial vs. venous fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mathilde Poulet
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erin D Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Corina Marziano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hema Vasavada
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Anupreet Kour
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jordon Aragon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mahalia Huba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gloria M Sheynkman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Hematovascular Biology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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18
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Monard S. Building a spectral cytometry toolbox: Coupling fluorescent proteins and antibodies to microspheres. Cytometry A 2022; 101:846-855. [PMID: 35388953 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have become an essential tool for biological research. Since the isolation and description of GFP, hundreds of fluorescent proteins have been discovered and created with various characteristics. The excitation of these proteins ranges from ultra-violet (UV) up to near infra-RED (NIR). Using conventional cytometry with each detector assigned to each fluorochrome, great care must be taken when selecting the optimal bandpass filters to minimalize the spectral overlap. In the last 8 years, several companies have released full spectrum flow cytometers which eliminates the need to change optical filters for analyzing FPs. This addressed at least part of the problem however, the laser wavelengths in commercial instruments are generally not ideal for all fluorescent proteins yet do allow the separation of at least six FPs. Another technical challenge is to have convenient single color controls. If four different FPs are being used in an experiment, single color controls will be needed to compensate or unmix the data. In the case of cultured cells this will involve having each of the FPs expressed in cell lines separately with a parental cell line expressing none. In the case of in vivo experiments, colonies of animals may need to be maintained expressing each FP along with a wildtype animal. This represents a considerable expense and inconvenience. An appealing alternative is to produce and purify FPs and covalently couple to polystyrene microspheres. Such microspheres are ready to use and can be stored at 4°C for months or even years without any deterioration in fluorescence. The same procedure can be used to couple antibodies to these particles. Here we describe this procedure which can be executed in any lab without any special equipment or skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Monard
- WEHI, Flow Cytometry (FACS) Facility, Parkville, Australia
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19
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Chakraborty S, Andrieux G, Kastl P, Adlung L, Altamura S, Boehm ME, Schwarzmüller LE, Abdullah Y, Wagner MC, Helm B, Gröne HJ, Lehmann WD, Boerries M, Busch H, Muckenthaler MU, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Erythropoietin-driven dynamic proteome adaptations during erythropoiesis prevent iron overload in the developing embryo. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111360. [PMID: 36130519 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) ensures survival and proliferation of colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) progenitor cells and their differentiation to hemoglobin-containing mature erythrocytes. A lack of Epo-induced responses causes embryonic lethality, but mechanisms regulating the dynamic communication of cellular alterations to the organismal level remain unresolved. By time-resolved transcriptomics and proteomics, we show that Epo induces in CFU-E cells a gradual transition from proliferation signature proteins to proteins indicative for differentiation, including heme-synthesis enzymes. In the absence of the Epo receptor (EpoR) in embryos, we observe a lack of hemoglobin in CFU-E cells and massive iron overload of the fetal liver pointing to a miscommunication between liver and placenta. A reduction of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation in these embryos leads to a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. This link connecting erythropoiesis with the regulation of iron homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming suggests that balancing these interactions is crucial for protection from iron intoxication and for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajib Chakraborty
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Systems Cell-Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kastl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine & Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research (CeTBI), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Boehm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa E Schwarzmüller
- Division Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yomn Abdullah
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Wagner
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research (CeTBI), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Cui G, Feng S, Yan Y, Wang L, He X, Li X, Duan Y, Chen J, Tang K, Zheng P, Tam PPL, Si W, Jing N, Peng G. Spatial molecular anatomy of germ layers in the gastrulating cynomolgus monkey embryo. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111285. [PMID: 36044859 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, spatial regulation of gene expression and cell signaling are functionally coupled with lineage specification, patterning of tissue progenitors, and germ layer morphogenesis. While the mouse model has been instrumental for understanding mammalian development, comparatively little is known about human and non-human primate gastrulation due to the restriction of both technical and ethical issues. Here, we present a spatial and temporal survey of the molecular dynamics of cell types populating the non-human primate embryos during gastrulation. We reconstructed three-dimensional digital models from serial sections of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) gastrulating embryos at 1-day temporal resolution from E17 to E21. Spatial transcriptomics identifies gene expression profiles unique to the germ layers. Cross-species comparison reveals a developmental coordinate of germ layer segregation between mouse and primates, and species-specific transcription programs during gastrulation. These findings offer insights into evolutionarily conserved and divergent processes during mammalian gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhong Cui
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Su Feng
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiechao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Naihe Jing
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Guangdun Peng
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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21
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Zhang S, Zatulovskiy E, Arand J, Sage J, Skotheim JM. The cell cycle inhibitor RB is diluted in G1 and contributes to controlling cell size in the mouse liver. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:965595. [PMID: 36092730 PMCID: PMC9452963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.965595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Every type of cell in an animal maintains a specific size, which likely contributes to its ability to perform its physiological functions. While some cell size control mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated through studies of cultured cells, it is unclear if and how such mechanisms control cell size in an animal. For example, it was recently shown that RB, the retinoblastoma protein, was diluted by cell growth in G1 to promote size-dependence of the G1/S transition. However, it remains unclear to what extent the RB-dilution mechanism controls cell size in an animal. We therefore examined the contribution of RB-dilution to cell size control in the mouse liver. Consistent with the RB-dilution model, genetic perturbations decreasing RB protein concentrations through inducible shRNA expression or through liver-specific Rb1 knockout reduced hepatocyte size, while perturbations increasing RB protein concentrations in an Fah -/- mouse model increased hepatocyte size. Moreover, RB concentration reflects cell size in G1 as it is lower in larger G1 hepatocytes. In contrast, concentrations of the cell cycle activators Cyclin D1 and E2f1 were relatively constant. Lastly, loss of Rb1 weakened cell size control, i.e., reduced the inverse correlation between how much cells grew in G1 and how large they were at birth. Taken together, our results show that an RB-dilution mechanism contributes to cell size control in the mouse liver by linking cell growth to the G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Julia Arand
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jan M. Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jan M. Skotheim,
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22
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CDK activity sensors: genetically encoded ratiometric biosensors for live analysis of the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1081-1090. [PMID: 35674434 PMCID: PMC9661961 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) sensors have facilitated investigations of the cell cycle in living cells. These genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors change their subcellular location upon activation of CDKs. Activation is primarily regulated by their association with cyclins, which in turn trigger cell-cycle progression. In the absence of CDK activity, cells exit the cell cycle and become quiescent, a key step in stem cell maintenance and cancer cell dormancy. The evolutionary conservation of CDKs has allowed for the rapid development of CDK activity sensors for cell lines and several research organisms, including nematodes, fish, and flies. CDK activity sensors are utilized for their ability to visualize the exact moment of cell-cycle commitment. This has provided a breakthrough in understanding the proliferation-quiescence decision. Further adoption of these biosensors will usher in new discoveries focused on the cell-cycle regulation of development, ageing, and cancer.
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23
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Costa A, Balbi C, Garbati P, Palamà MEF, Reverberi D, De Palma A, Rossi R, Paladini D, Coviello D, De Biasio P, Ceresa D, Malatesta P, Mauri P, Quarto R, Gentili C, Barile L, Bollini S. Investigating the Paracrine Role of Perinatal Derivatives: Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Extracellular Vesicles Show Promising Transient Potential for Cardiomyocyte Renewal. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:902038. [PMID: 35757808 PMCID: PMC9214211 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.902038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte renewal represents an unmet clinical need for cardiac regeneration. Stem cell paracrine therapy has attracted increasing attention to resurge rescue mechanisms within the heart. We previously characterized the paracrine effects that human amniotic fluid–derived stem cells (hAFSC) can exert to provide cardioprotection and enhance cardiac repair in preclinical models of myocardial ischemia and cardiotoxicity. Here, we analyze whether hAFSC secretome formulations, namely, hAFSC conditioned medium (hAFSC-CM) over extracellular vesicles (hAFSC-EVs) separated from it, can induce cardiomyocyte renewal. c-KIT+ hAFSC were obtained by leftover samples of II trimester prenatal amniocentesis (fetal hAFSC) and from clinical waste III trimester amniotic fluid during scheduled C-section procedures (perinatal hAFSC). hAFSC were primed under 1% O2 to enrich hAFSC-CM and EVs with cardioactive factors. Neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (mNVCM) were isolated from cardiac tissue of R26pFUCCI2 mice with cell cycle fluorescent tagging by mutually exclusive nuclear signal. mNVCM were stimulated by fetal versus perinatal hAFSC-CM and hAFSC-EVs to identify the most promising formulation for in vivo assessment in a R26pFUCCI2 neonatal mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) via intraperitoneal delivery. While the perinatal hAFSC secretome did not provide any significant cardiogenic effect, fetal hAFSC-EVs significantly sustained mNVCM transition from S to M phase by 2-fold, while triggering cytokinesis by 4.5-fold over vehicle-treated cells. Treated mNVCM showed disorganized expression of cardiac alpha-actinin, suggesting cytoskeletal re-arrangements prior to cell renewal, with a 40% significant downregulation of Cofilin-2 and a positive trend of polymerized F-Actin. Fetal hAFSC-EVs increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression by 1.8-fold in the 4-day-old neonatal left ventricle myocardium short term after MI; however, such effect was lost at the later stage. Fetal hAFSC-EVs were enriched with a short isoform of Agrin, a mediator of neonatal heart regeneration acting by YAP-related signaling; yet in vitro application of YAP inhibitor verteporfin partially affected EV paracrine stimulation on mNVCM. EVs secreted by developmentally juvenile fetal hAFSC can support cardiomyocyte renewal to some extension, via intercellular conveyance of candidates possibly involving Agrin in combination with other factors. These perinatal derivative promising cardiogenic effects need further investigation to define their specific mechanism of action and enhance their potential translation into therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Costa
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Garbati
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Paladini
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Pierangela De Biasio
- Prenatal Diagnosis Perinatal Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Ceresa
- Cellular Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Cellular Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Cellular Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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24
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Decomposing a deterministic path to mesenchymal niche formation by two intersecting morphogen gradients. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1053-1067.e5. [PMID: 35421372 PMCID: PMC9050909 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ formation requires integrating signals to coordinate proliferation, specify cell fates, and shape tissue. Tracing these events and signals remains a challenge, as intermediate states across many critical transitions are unresolvable over real time and space. Here, we designed a unique computational approach to decompose a non-linear differentiation process into key components to resolve the signals and cell behaviors that drive a rapid transition, using the hair follicle dermal condensate as a model. Combining scRNA sequencing with genetic perturbation, we reveal that proliferative Dkk1+ progenitors transiently amplify to become quiescent dermal condensate cells by the mere spatiotemporal patterning of Wnt/β-catenin and SHH signaling gradients. Together, they deterministically coordinate a rapid transition from proliferation to quiescence, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis. Moreover, genetically repatterning these gradients reproduces these events autonomously in "slow motion" across more intermediates that resolve the process. This analysis unravels two morphogen gradients that intersect to coordinate events of organogenesis.
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25
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Duerr TJ, Jeon EK, Wells KM, Villanueva A, Seifert AW, McCusker CD, Monaghan JR. A constitutively expressed fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) in axolotls for studying tissue regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev199637. [PMID: 35266986 PMCID: PMC8977096 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cell cycle progression is essential for cell proliferation during regeneration following injury. After appendage amputation, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) regenerates missing structures through an accumulation of proliferating cells known as the blastema. To study cell division during blastema growth, we generated a transgenic line of axolotls that ubiquitously expresses a bicistronic version of the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI). We demonstrate near-ubiquitous FUCCI expression in developing and adult tissues, and validate these expression patterns with DNA synthesis and mitosis phase markers. We demonstrate the utility of FUCCI for live and whole-mount imaging, showing the predominantly local contribution of cells during limb and tail regeneration. We also show that spinal cord amputation results in increased proliferation at least 5 mm from the site of injury. Finally, we use multimodal staining to provide cell type information for cycling cells by combining fluorescence in situ hybridization, EdU click-chemistry and immunohistochemistry on a single FUCCI tissue section. This new line of animals will be useful for studying cell cycle dynamics using in situ endpoint assays and in vivo imaging in developing and regenerating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Duerr
- Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eun Kyung Jeon
- Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaylee M. Wells
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Biology, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | | | - Ashley W. Seifert
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - James R. Monaghan
- Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Long Z, Phillips B, Radtke D, Meyer-Hermann M, Bannard O. Competition for refueling rather than cyclic reentry initiation evident in germinal centers. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm0775. [PMID: 35275753 PMCID: PMC7614495 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs). GC B cells exit cell cycle a number of hours before entering LZs; therefore, continued participation in responses requires that they subsequently reenter cell cycle and move back to DZs, a process known as cyclic reentry. Affinity enhancements are thought to arise by B cells having to compete to initiate cyclic reentry each time they enter LZs, with T cell help being a major determinant; however, direct proof is lacking. Using Fucci2 mice, we confirmed an association between B cell receptor affinity and the first step of cyclic reentry, S phase initiation from a resting LZ state. However, neither T cell ablation nor MHCII deletion prevented resting LZ cells from reentering cell cycle, and this late G1-S transition was also not detectably restricted by competition. In contrast, using BATF induction as exemplar, we found that T cells "refueled" LZ cells in an affinity-dependent manner that was limited by both competition and cells' intrinsic antigen-acquiring abilities. Therefore, cyclic reentry initiation and B cell refueling are independently regulated in GCs, which may contribute to permitting cells of different competencies to be sustained alongside each other and allow T cell support to be provided across a dynamic range commensurate with affinity. We speculate that this less binary selection mechanism could help GCs nurture complex antibody maturation pathways and support the clonal diversity required for countering fast-evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Long
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Bethan Phillips
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel Radtke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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27
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In Vivo Methods to Monitor Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030073. [PMID: 35323621 PMCID: PMC8950582 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes demonstrate scarce cycling and even lower proliferation rates in response to injury. Signals that enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation after injury will be groundbreaking, address unmet clinical needs, and represent new strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases. In vivo methods to monitor cardiomyocyte proliferation are critical to addressing this challenge. Fortunately, advances in transgenic approaches provide sophisticated techniques to quantify cardiomyocyte cycling and proliferation.
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28
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del Campo CV, Liaw NY, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Matthaei M, Braga L, Kennedy T, Salinas G, Voigt N, Giacca M, Zimmermann WH, Riley PR. Regenerative potential of epicardium-derived extracellular vesicles mediated by conserved miRNA transfer. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:597-611. [PMID: 33599250 PMCID: PMC8803084 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS After a myocardial infarction, the adult human heart lacks sufficient regenerative capacity to restore lost tissue, leading to heart failure progression. Finding novel ways to reprogram adult cardiomyocytes into a regenerative state is a major therapeutic goal. The epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, contributes cardiovascular cell types to the forming heart and is a source of trophic signals to promote heart muscle growth during embryonic development. The epicardium is also essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish and neonatal mice and can be reactivated after injury in adult hearts to improve outcome. A recently identified mechanism of cell-cell communication and signalling is that mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we aimed to investigate epicardial signalling via EV release in response to cardiac injury and as a means to optimize cardiac repair and regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated epicardial EVs from mouse and human sources and targeted the cardiomyocyte population. Epicardial EVs enhanced proliferation in H9C2 cells and in primary neonatal murine cardiomyocytes in vitro and promoted cell cycle re-entry when injected into the injured area of infarcted neonatal hearts. These EVs also enhanced regeneration in cryoinjured engineered human myocardium (EHM) as a novel model of human myocardial injury. Deep RNA-sequencing of epicardial EV cargo revealed conserved microRNAs (miRs) between human and mouse epicardial-derived exosomes, and the effects on cell cycle re-entry were recapitulated by administration of cargo miR-30a, miR-100, miR-27a, and miR-30e to human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cryoinjured EHM constructs. CONCLUSION Here, we describe the first characterization of epicardial EV secretion, which can signal to promote proliferation of cardiomyocytes in infarcted mouse hearts and in a human model of myocardial injury, resulting in enhanced contractile function. Analysis of exosome cargo in mouse and human identified conserved pro-regenerative miRs, which in combination recapitulated the therapeutic effects of promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Villa del Campo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation, Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Norman Y Liaw
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation, Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Moritz Matthaei
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Località Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste TS, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2L, UK
| | - Tahnee Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation, Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS- Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Località Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste TS, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2L, UK
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Richard Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation, Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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Park M, Cao Y, Hong CI. Methods for Assessing Circadian Rhythms and Cell Cycle in Intestinal Enteroids. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:105-124. [PMID: 35610422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian clocks play a key role in regulating a vast array of biological processes from cell cycle to metabolism, and disruption of circadian rhythms exacerbates a range of human ailments including cardiovascular, metabolic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Determining the state of a patient's circadian rhythms and clock-controlled signaling pathways has important implications for precision and personalized medicine, from improving the diagnosis of circadian-related disorders to optimizing the timing of drug delivery. Patient-derived 3-dimensional enteroids or in vitro "mini gut" is an attractive model uncovering human- and patient-specific circadian target genes that may be critical for personalized medicine. Here, we introduce several procedures to assess circadian rhythms and cell cycle dynamics in enteroids through time course sample collection methods and assay techniques including immunofluorescence, live cell confocal microscopy, and bioluminescence. These methods can be applied to evaluate the state of circadian rhythms and circadian clock-gated cell division cycles using mouse and human intestinal enteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuhui Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian I Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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30
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Cockburn K, Annusver K, Gonzalez DG, Ganesan S, May DP, Mesa KR, Kawaguchi K, Kasper M, Greco V. Gradual differentiation uncoupled from cell cycle exit generates heterogeneity in the epidermal stem cell layer. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1692-1700. [PMID: 36357619 PMCID: PMC9729105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly regenerative tissues continuously produce terminally differentiated cells to replace those that are lost. How they orchestrate the complex transition from undifferentiated stem cells towards post-mitotic, molecularly distinct and often spatially segregated differentiated populations is not well understood. In the adult skin epidermis, the stem cell compartment contains molecularly heterogeneous subpopulations1-4 whose relationship to the complete trajectory of differentiation remains unknown. Here we show that differentiation, from commitment to exit from the stem cell layer, is a multi-day process wherein cells transit through a continuum of transcriptional changes with upregulation of differentiation genes preceding downregulation of typical stemness genes. Differentiation-committed cells remain capable of dividing to produce daughter cells fated to further differentiate, demonstrating that differentiation is uncoupled from cell cycle exit. These cell divisions are not required as part of an obligate transit-amplifying programme but help to buffer the differentiating cell pool during heightened demand. Thus, instead of distinct contributions from multiple progenitors, a continuous gradual differentiation process fuels homeostatic epidermal turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Cockburn
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Karl Annusver
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David G. Gonzalez
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Smirthy Ganesan
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Dennis P. May
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kailin R. Mesa
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- grid.508743.dNonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Habuki Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XUniversal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Kasper
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Greco
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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31
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Salmen F, De Jonghe J, Kaminski TS, Alemany A, Parada GE, Verity-Legg J, Yanagida A, Kohler TN, Battich N, van den Brekel F, Ellermann AL, Arias AM, Nichols J, Hemberg M, Hollfelder F, van Oudenaarden A. High-throughput total RNA sequencing in single cells using VASA-seq. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1780-1793. [PMID: 35760914 PMCID: PMC9750877 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most methods for single-cell transcriptome sequencing amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, capturing only a small fraction of the total cellular transcriptome. This precludes the detection of many long non-coding, short non-coding and non-polyadenylated protein-coding transcripts and hinders alternative splicing analysis. We, therefore, developed VASA-seq to detect the total transcriptome in single cells, which is enabled by fragmenting and tailing all RNA molecules subsequent to cell lysis. The method is compatible with both plate-based formats and droplet microfluidics. We applied VASA-seq to more than 30,000 single cells in the developing mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Analyzing the dynamics of the total single-cell transcriptome, we discovered cell type markers, many based on non-coding RNA, and performed in vivo cell cycle analysis via detection of non-polyadenylated histone genes. RNA velocity characterization was improved, accurately retracing blood maturation trajectories. Moreover, our VASA-seq data provide a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing during mammalian development, which highlighted substantial rearrangements during blood development and heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Salmen
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joachim De Jonghe
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Present Address: Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tomasz S. Kaminski
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Present Address: Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Alemany
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo E. Parada
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joe Verity-Legg
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timo N. Kohler
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Battich
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris van den Brekel
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna L. Ellermann
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfonso Martinez Arias
- grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XSystems Bioengineering, DCEXS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88 ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XEvergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Anderson DA, Ou F, Kim S, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Transition from cMyc to L-Myc during dendritic cell development coordinated by rising levels of IRF8. J Exp Med 2021; 219:212941. [PMID: 34958351 PMCID: PMC8713298 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During dendritic cell (DC) development, Myc expression in progenitors is replaced by Mycl in mature DCs, but when and how this transition occurs is unknown. We evaluated DC development using reporters for MYC, MYCL, and cell cycle proteins Geminin and CDT1 in wild-type and various mutant mice. For classical type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the transition occurred upon their initial specification from common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs) or common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), respectively. This transition required high levels of IRF8 and interaction with PU.1, suggesting the use of EICEs within Mycl enhancers. In pDCs, maximal MYCL induction also required the +41kb Irf8 enhancer that controls pDC IRF8 expression. IRF8 also contributed to repression of MYC. While MYC is expressed only in rapidly dividing DC progenitors, MYCL is most highly expressed in DCs that have exited the cell cycle. Thus, IRF8 levels coordinate the Myc-Mycl transition during DC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Feiya Ou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Theresa L. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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33
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Kishi K, Koyama H, Oka S, Kato A, Sato M, Fujimori T. Repetitive short-pulsed illumination efficiently activates photoactivatable-Cre as continuous illumination in embryonic stem cells and pre-implantation embryos of transgenic mouse. GENESIS (NEW YORK, N.Y. : 2000) 2021; 59:e23457. [PMID: 34687271 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system has been widely used for specific DNA recombination which induces gene inactivation or expression. Recently, photoactivatable-Cre (PA-Cre) proteins have been developed as a tool for spatiotemporal control of the enzymatic activity of Cre recombinase. Here, we generated transgenic mice bearing a PA-Cre gene and systematically investigated the conditions of photoactivation for the PA-Cre in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the transgenic mice and in a simple mathematical model. Cre-mediated DNA recombination was induced in 16% of the PA-Cre ESCs by 6 hr continuous illumination. We show that repetitive pulsed illumination efficiently induced DNA recombination with low light energy as efficient as continuous illumination in the ESCs (96 ± 15% of continuous illumination when pulse cycle was 2 s), which was also supported by a minimal mathematical model. DNA recombination by the PA-Cre was also successfully induced in the transgenic mouse pre-implantation embryos under the developed conditions. These results suggest that strategies based on repetitive pulsed illumination are efficient for the activation of photoactivatable Cre and, possibly other photo-switchable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kishi
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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34
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Freeman-Cook K, Hoffman RL, Miller N, Almaden J, Chionis J, Zhang Q, Eisele K, Liu C, Zhang C, Huser N, Nguyen L, Costa-Jones C, Niessen S, Carelli J, Lapek J, Weinrich SL, Wei P, McMillan E, Wilson E, Wang TS, McTigue M, Ferre RA, He YA, Ninkovic S, Behenna D, Tran KT, Sutton S, Nagata A, Ornelas MA, Kephart SE, Zehnder LR, Murray B, Xu M, Solowiej JE, Visswanathan R, Boras B, Looper D, Lee N, Bienkowska JR, Zhu Z, Kan Z, Ding Y, Mu XJ, Oderup C, Salek-Ardakani S, White MA, VanArsdale T, Dann SG. Expanding control of the tumor cell cycle with a CDK2/4/6 inhibitor. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1404-1421.e11. [PMID: 34520734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PAL), significantly improves progression-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer when combined with anti-hormonals. We sought to discover PAL resistance mechanisms in preclinical models and through analysis of clinical transcriptome specimens, which coalesced on induction of MYC oncogene and Cyclin E/CDK2 activity. We propose that targeting the G1 kinases CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 with a small-molecule overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. We describe the pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06873600 (PF3600), a pyridopyrimidine with potent inhibition of CDK2/4/6 activity and efficacy in multiple in vivo tumor models. Together with the clinical analysis, MYC activity predicts (PF3600) efficacy across multiple cell lineages. Finally, we find that CDK2/4/6 inhibition does not compromise tumor-specific immune checkpoint blockade responses in syngeneic models. We anticipate that (PF3600), currently in phase 1 clinical trials, offers a therapeutic option to cancer patients in whom CDK4/6 inhibition is insufficient to alter disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonathan Almaden
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Koleen Eisele
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chaoting Liu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cinthia Costa-Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tim S Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Douglas Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Khanh T Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Luke R Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David Looper
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jadwiga R Bienkowska
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhengyan Kan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xinmeng Jasmine Mu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cecilia Oderup
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Stephen G Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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35
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Kohrman AQ, Kim-Yip RP, Posfai E. Imaging developmental cell cycles. Biophys J 2021; 120:4149-4161. [PMID: 33964274 PMCID: PMC8516676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a major expansion in development of live biosensors, the tools needed to genetically encode them into model organisms, and the microscopic techniques used to visualize them. When combined, these offer us powerful tools with which to make fundamental discoveries about complex biological processes. In this review, we summarize the availability of biosensors to visualize an essential cellular process, the cell cycle, and the techniques for single-cell tracking and quantification of these reporters. We also highlight studies investigating the connection of cellular behavior to the cell cycle, particularly through live imaging, and anticipate exciting discoveries with the combination of these technologies in developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca P Kim-Yip
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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36
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Frank CN, Hou X, Petrosyan A, Villani V, Zhao R, Hansen JR, Clair G, Salem F, De Filippo RE, Cravedi P, Lemley KV, Perin L. Effect of disease progression on the podocyte cell cycle in Alport Syndrome. Kidney Int 2021; 101:106-118. [PMID: 34562503 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Progression of glomerulosclerosis is associated with loss of podocytes with subsequent glomerular tuft instability. It is thought that a diminished number of podocytes may be able to preserve tuft stability through cell hypertrophy associated with cell cycle reentry. At the same time, reentry into the cell cycle risks podocyte detachment if podocytes cross the G1/S checkpoint and undergo abortive cytokinesis. In order to study cell cycle dynamics during chronic kidney disease (CKD) development, we used a FUCCI model (fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator) of mice with X-linked Alport Syndrome. This model exhibits progressive CKD and expresses fluorescent reporters of cell cycle stage exclusively in podocytes. With the development of CKD, an increasing fraction of podocytes in vivo were found to be in G1 or later cell cycle stages. Podocytes in G1 and G2 were hypertrophic. Heterozygous female mice, with milder manifestations of CKD, showed G1 fraction numbers intermediate between wild-type and male Alport mice. Proteomic analysis of podocytes in different cell cycle phases showed differences in cytoskeleton reorganization and metabolic processes between G0 and G1 in disease. Additionally, in vitro experiments confirmed that damaged podocytes reentered the cell cycle comparable to podocytes in vivo. Importantly, we confirmed the upregulation of PDlim2, a highly expressed protein in podocytes in G1, in a patient with Alport Syndrome, confirming our proteomics data in the human setting. Thus, our data showed that in the Alport model of progressive CKD, podocyte cell cycle distribution is altered, suggesting that cell cycle manipulation approaches may have a role in the treatment of various progressive glomerular diseases characterized by podocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Nicolas Frank
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Science Division, Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua R Hansen
- Biological Science Division, Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roger E De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Stower MJ, Srinivas S. Advances in live imaging early mouse development: exploring the researcher's interdisciplinary toolkit. Development 2021; 148:dev199433. [PMID: 34897401 PMCID: PMC7615354 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Live imaging is an important part of the developmental biologist's armoury of methods. In the case of the mouse embryo, recent advances in several disciplines including embryo culture, microscopy hardware and computational analysis have all contributed to our ability to probe dynamic events during early development. Together, these advances have provided us with a versatile and powerful 'toolkit', enabling us not only to image events during mouse embryogenesis, but also to intervene with them. In this short Spotlight article, we summarise advances and challenges in using live imaging specifically for understanding early mouse embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Stower
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Shankar Srinivas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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38
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Kiyokawa H, Yamaoka A, Matsuoka C, Tokuhara T, Abe T, Morimoto M. Airway basal stem cells reutilize the embryonic proliferation regulator, Tgfβ-Id2 axis, for tissue regeneration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1917-1929.e9. [PMID: 34129836 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During development, quiescent airway basal stem cells are derived from proliferative primordial progenitors through the cell-cycle slowdown. In contrast, basal cells contribute to adult tissue regeneration by shifting from slow cycling to proliferating and subsequently back to slow cycling. Although sustained proliferation results in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms regulating these transitions remain unknown. Using temporal single-cell transcriptomics of developing murine airway progenitors and genetic validation experiments, we found that TGF-β signaling decelerated cell cycle by inhibiting Id2 and contributed to slow-cycling basal cell specification during development. In adult tissue regeneration, reduced TGF-β signaling restored Id2 expression and initiated regeneration. Id2 overexpression and Tgfbr2 knockout enhanced epithelial proliferation; however, persistent Id2 expression drove basal cell hyperplasia that resembled a precancerous state. Together, the TGF-β-Id2 axis commonly regulates the proliferation transitions in basal cells during development and regeneration, and its fine-tuning is critical for normal regeneration while avoiding basal cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaoka
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chisa Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tokuhara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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Cura Costa E, Otsuki L, Rodrigo Albors A, Tanaka EM, Chara O. Spatiotemporal control of cell cycle acceleration during axolotl spinal cord regeneration. eLife 2021; 10:e55665. [PMID: 33988504 PMCID: PMC8205487 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Axolotls are uniquely able to resolve spinal cord injuries, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying spinal cord regeneration. We previously found that tail amputation leads to reactivation of a developmental-like program in spinal cord ependymal cells (Rodrigo Albors et al., 2015), characterized by a high-proliferation zone emerging 4 days post-amputation (Rost et al., 2016). What underlies this spatiotemporal pattern of cell proliferation, however, remained unknown. Here, we use modeling, tightly linked to experimental data, to demonstrate that this regenerative response is consistent with a signal that recruits ependymal cells during ~85 hours after amputation within ~830 μm of the injury. We adapted Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) technology to axolotls (AxFUCCI) to visualize cell cycles in vivo. AxFUCCI axolotls confirmed the predicted appearance time and size of the injury-induced recruitment zone and revealed cell cycle synchrony between ependymal cells. Our modeling and imaging move us closer to understanding bona fide spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Cura Costa
- Systems Biology Group (SysBio), Institute of Physics of Liquids and Biological Systems (IFLySIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and University of La Plata (UNLP)La PlataArgentina
| | - Leo Otsuki
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Aida Rodrigo Albors
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Osvaldo Chara
- Systems Biology Group (SysBio), Institute of Physics of Liquids and Biological Systems (IFLySIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and University of La Plata (UNLP)La PlataArgentina
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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Mizukoshi M, Kaku M, Thant L, Kitami K, Arai M, Saito I, Uoshima K. In vivo cell proliferation analysis and cell-tracing reveal the global cellular dynamics of periodontal ligament cells under mechanical-loading. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9813. [PMID: 33963224 PMCID: PMC8105403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a uniquely differentiated tissue that anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone socket and plays key roles in oral function. PDL cells can respond rapidly to mechanical stimuli, resulting in accelerated tissue remodeling. Cell proliferation is an initial event in tissue remodeling and participates in maintaining the cell supply; therefore, analyzing cell-proliferative activity might provide a comprehensive view of cellular dynamics at the tissue level. In this study, we investigated proliferating cells in mouse molar PDL during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)-induced tissue remodeling. Our results demonstrated that the mechanical stimuli evoked a dynamic change in the proliferative-cell profile at the entire PDL. Additionally, cell-tracing analysis revealed that the proliferated cells underwent further division and subsequently contributed to tissue remodeling. Moreover, OTM-induced proliferating cells expressed various molecular markers that most likely arise from a wide range of cell types, indicating the lineage plasticity of PDL cells in vivo. Although further studies are required, these findings partially elucidated the global views of the cell trajectory in mouse molar PDL under mechanical-loading conditions, which is vital for understanding the cellular dynamics of the PDL and beneficial for dental treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mizukoshi
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Lay Thant
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitami
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Moe Arai
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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41
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Romero-Pozuelo J, Figlia G, Kaya O, Martin-Villalba A, Teleman AA. Cdk4 and Cdk6 Couple the Cell-Cycle Machinery to Cell Growth via mTORC1. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107504. [PMID: 32294430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth is coupled to cell-cycle progression in mitotically proliferating mammalian cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. CyclinD-Cdk4/6 is known to phosphorylate RB to promote S-phase entry, but recent work suggests they have additional functions. We show here that CyclinD-Cdk4/6 activates mTORC1 by binding and phosphorylating TSC2 on Ser1217 and Ser1452. Pharmacological inhibition of Cdk4/6 leads to a rapid, TSC2-dependent reduction of mTORC1 activity in multiple human and mouse cell lines, including breast cancer cells. By simultaneously driving mTORC1 and E2F, CyclinD-Cdk4/6 couples cell growth to cell-cycle progression. Consistent with this, we see that mTORC1 activity is cell cycle dependent in proliferating neural stem cells of the adult rodent brain. We find that Cdk4/6 inhibition reduces cell proliferation partly via TSC2 and mTORC1. This is of clinical relevance, because Cdk4/6 inhibitors are used for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Romero-Pozuelo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Kaya
- Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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42
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Su XA, Ma D, Parsons JV, Replogle JM, Amatruda JF, Whittaker CA, Stegmaier K, Amon A. RAD21 is a driver of chromosome 8 gain in Ewing sarcoma to mitigate replication stress. Genes Dev 2021; 35:556-572. [PMID: 33766983 PMCID: PMC8015718 DOI: 10.1101/gad.345454.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Su et al. investigate why ∼50% of Ewing sarcomas, driven by the EWS-FLI1 fusion oncogene, harbor chromosome 8 gains. Using an evolution approach, they show that trisomy 8 mitigates EWS-FLI1-induced replication stress through gain of a copy of RAD21, and deleting one copy of RAD21 in trisomy 8 cells largely neutralizes the fitness benefit of chromosome 8 gain and reduces tumorgenicity of a Ewing sarcoma cancer cell line in soft agar assays. Aneuploidy, defined as whole-chromosome gain or loss, causes cellular stress but, paradoxically, is a frequent occurrence in cancers. Here, we investigate why ∼50% of Ewing sarcomas, driven by the EWS-FLI1 fusion oncogene, harbor chromosome 8 gains. Expression of the EWS-FLI1 fusion in primary cells causes replication stress that can result in cellular senescence. Using an evolution approach, we show that trisomy 8 mitigates EWS-FLI1-induced replication stress through gain of a copy of RAD21. Low-level ectopic expression of RAD21 is sufficient to dampen replication stress and improve proliferation in EWS-FLI1-expressing cells. Conversely, deleting one copy in trisomy 8 cells largely neutralizes the fitness benefit of chromosome 8 gain and reduces tumorgenicity of a Ewing sarcoma cancer cell line in soft agar assays. We propose that RAD21 promotes tumorigenesis through single gene copy gain. Such genes may explain some recurrent aneuploidies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng A Su
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Duanduan Ma
- The Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Facility, Swanson Biotechnology Center, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James V Parsons
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John M Replogle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- The Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Facility, Swanson Biotechnology Center, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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43
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Tomura M, Ikebuchi R, Moriya T, Kusumoto Y. Tracking the fate and migration of cells in live animals with cell-cycle indicators and photoconvertible proteins. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 355:109127. [PMID: 33722643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration and cell proliferation are the basic principles that make up a living organism, and both biologically and medically. In order to understand living organism and biological phenomena, it is essential to track the migration, proliferation, and fate of cells in living cells and animals and to clarify the properties and molecular expression of cells. Recent developments in novel fluorescent proteins have made it possible to observe cell migration and proliferation as the cell cycle at the single-cell level in living individuals and tissues. Here, we introduce cell cycle visualization of living cells and animals by Fucci (Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator) system and in situ cell labeling of cells and tracking cell migration by photoactivatable and photoconvertible proteins. In addition, we will present our established methods as an example of combines above tools with single-cell molecular expression analysis to reveal the fate of migrating cells at single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan.
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taiki Moriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kusumoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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44
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Messal HA, van Rheenen J, Scheele CLGJ. An Intravital Microscopy Toolbox to Study Mammary Gland Dynamics from Cellular Level to Organ Scale. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:9-27. [PMID: 33945058 PMCID: PMC8217050 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the mouse mammary gland is highly dynamic and constantly remodeled during pubertal development and estrous cycle-driven sprouting and regression of alveolar side branches. During each of these developmental stages, turnover is driven by distinct subsets of mammary epithelial cells. Extensive previous research has shed light on the unique morphological and cell biological characteristics of each stage. However, technological shortcomings failed to capture the dynamics and single-cell contributions to mammary remodeling. Here, we developed in vivo imaging strategies to follow the same mammary ducts over time and quantify the dynamics of mammary gland growth and remodeling from single-cell level to organ scale. Using a combination of intravital microscopy and genetic reporter systems we show how proliferative heterogeneity drives ductal morphogenesis during different developmental stages. To visualize pubertal growth at the cellular level, we performed long-term time-lapse imaging of extending terminal end buds through a mammary imaging window. We show that single-cells within the terminal end buds are extremely motile and continuously exchange position whilst the duct is elongating. To visualize short-term remodeling in the adult mammary gland at the single cell level, we performed multi-day intravital imaging in photoconvertible Kikume Green-Red mice and fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator mice. We demonstrate that the contribution of single-cells to estrous-driven remodeling is highly variable between cells in the same micro-environment. To assess the effects of this dynamic proliferative contribution on the long-term stability of tissue architecture, we developed a repeated skin flap method to assess mammary gland morphology by intravital microscopy over extended time spans for up to six months. Interestingly, in contrast to the short-term dynamic remodeling, the long-term morphology of the mammary gland remains remarkably stable. Together, our tool box of imaging strategies allows to identify and map transient and continuing dynamics of single cells to the architecture of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A. Messal
- grid.430814.aDivision of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- grid.430814.aDivision of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Lee KK(P, Matsu-ura T, Rosselot AE, Broda TR, Wells JM, Hong CI. An integrated microfluidic bubble pocket for long-term perfused three-dimensional intestine-on-a-chip model. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:014110. [PMID: 33643512 PMCID: PMC7892199 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfused three-dimensional (3D) cultures enable long-term in situ growth and monitoring of 3D organoids making them well-suited for investigating organoid development, growth, and function. One of the limitations of this long-term on-chip perfused 3D culture is unintended and disruptive air bubbles. To overcome this obstacle, we invented an imaging platform that integrates an innovative microfluidic bubble pocket for long-term perfused 3D culture of gastrointestinal (GI) organoids. We successfully applied 3D printing technology to create polymer molds that cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) culture chambers in addition to bubble pockets. Our developed platform traps unintended, or induced, air bubbles in an integrated PDMS pocket chamber, where the bubbles diffuse out across the gas permeable PDMS or an outlet tube. We demonstrated that our robust platform integrated with the novel bubble pocket effectively circumvents the development of bubbles into human and mouse GI organoid cultures during long-term perfused time-course imaging. Our platform with the innovative integrated bubble pocket is ideally suited for studies requiring long-term perfusion monitoring of organ growth and morphogenesis as well as function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toru Matsu-ura
- Computational and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Andrew E. Rosselot
- Computational and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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46
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Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications for Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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47
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Guo C, Guo Y, Liu J, Gao Y, Wei M, Zhao R, Chen M, Zhang G. The G1 phase optical reporter serves as a sensor of CDK4/6 inhibition in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:728-741. [PMID: 33767584 PMCID: PMC7975702 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualization of cell-cycle G1 phase for monitoring the early response of cell cycle specific drug remains challenging. In this study, we developed genetically engineered bioluminescent reporters by fusing full-length cyclin E to the C-terminal luciferase (named as CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2). Next, HeLa cell line or an ER-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was transfected with these reporters. In cellular assays, the bioluminescent signal of CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2 was accumulated in the G1 phase and decreased after exiting from the G1 phase. The expression of CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2 fusion protein was regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, which was mediated by proteasome ubiquitination and degradation. Next, our in vitro and in vivo experiment confirmed that the cell cycle arrested by anti-cancer agents (palbociclib or 5-FU) was monitored quantitatively and dynamically by bioluminescent imaging of these reporters in a real-time and non-invasive manner. Thus, these optical reporters could reflect the G1 phase alternation of cell cycle, and might become a future clinically translatable approach for predicting and monitoring response to palbociclib in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Guo
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yuxian Guo
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Present address: Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiyang Gao
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Wei
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruijun Zhao
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Clinical Central Research Core and Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Guo-Jun Zhang, Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000, Xiang'an Road East, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, China. Phone: +86-592-2889988, E-mail: or Min Chen, Phone: +86-592-2889270, E-mail:
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Clinical Central Research Core and Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Guo-Jun Zhang, Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000, Xiang'an Road East, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, China. Phone: +86-592-2889988, E-mail: or Min Chen, Phone: +86-592-2889270, E-mail:
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48
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Bornes L, Windoffer R, Leube RE, Morgner J, van Rheenen J. Scratch-induced partial skin wounds re-epithelialize by sheets of independently migrating keratinocytes. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/1/e202000765. [PMID: 33257474 PMCID: PMC7723264 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy of scratch wounds in the murine skin reveals that individual basal keratinocytes migrate in a swarming fashion towards the wound to bypass intact hair follicles, thereby facilitating fast repair. Re-epithelialization is a crucial process to reestablish the protective barrier upon wounding of the skin. Although this process is well described for wounds where the complete epidermis and dermis is damaged, little is known about the re-epithelialization strategy in more frequently occurring smaller scratch wounds in which structures such as the hair follicles and sweat glands stay intact. To study this, we established a scratch wound model to follow individual keratinocytes in all epidermal layers in the back skin of mice by intravital microscopy. We discover that keratinocytes adopt a re-epithelialization strategy that enables them to bypass immobile obstacles such as hair follicles. Wound-induced cell loss is replenished by proliferation in a distinct zone away from the wound and this proliferation does not affect overall migration pattern. Whereas suprabasal keratinocytes are rather passive, basal keratinocytes move as a sheet of independently migrating cells into the wound, thereby constantly changing their direct neighboring cells enabling them to bypass intact obstacles. This re-epithelialization strategy results in a fast re-establishment of the protective skin barrier upon wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bornes
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Morgner
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Fu W, Liao Q, Li L, Shi Y, Zeng A, Zeng C, Wang WE. An Aurora Kinase B-Based Mouse System to Efficiently Identify and Analyze Proliferating Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:570252. [PMID: 33117800 PMCID: PMC7575716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.570252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify and analyze the live proliferating cardiomyocytes is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms controlling endogenous cardiac regeneration. Traditional methods confuse cell division with multinucleation in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Recent efforts have achieved significant progress on discerning cytokinesis from only nuclear division. However, those methods were either designed to label post-cytokinesis progeny or challenging to sort the live proliferating cardiomyocytes. In this study, we highlighted an Aurora kinase B reporter-based mouse system with a tdTomato fluorescence labeling. It could efficiently identify proliferating cardiomyocytes in neonates. The analysis of sorting tdTomato+ cardiomyocytes with different ploidy indicated that mononucleated cardiomyocytes might not possess significantly higher proliferating potential than other cardiomyocytes when most cardiomyocytes have become post-mitotic. Moreover, tdTomato+ cardiomyocytes were significantly increased and enriched at injury border zone after apex resection in neonates, while there were no increased tdTomato+ cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Andi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Chongqing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
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50
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Urun FR, Moore AW. Visualizing Cell Cycle Phase Organization and Control During Neural Lineage Elaboration. Cells 2020; 9:E2112. [PMID: 32957483 PMCID: PMC7565168 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In neural precursors, cell cycle regulators simultaneously control both progression through the cell cycle and the probability of a cell fate switch. Precursors act in lineages, where they transition through a series of cell types, each of which has a unique molecular identity and cellular behavior. Thus, investigating links between cell cycle and cell fate control requires simultaneous identification of precursor type and cell cycle phase, as well as an ability to read out additional regulatory factor expression or activity. We use a combined FUCCI-EdU labelling protocol to do this, and then applied it to the embryonic olfactory neural lineage, in which the spatial position of a cell correlates with its precursor identity. Using this integrated model, we find the CDKi p27KIP1 has different regulation relative to cell cycle phase in neural stem cells versus intermediate precursors. In addition, Hes1, which is the principle transcriptional driver of neural stem cell self-renewal, surprisingly does not regulate p27KIP1 in this cell type. Rather, Hes1 indirectly represses p27KIP1 levels in the intermediate precursor cells downstream in the lineage. Overall, the experimental model described here enables investigation of cell cycle and cell fate control linkage from a single precursor through to a lineage systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Rabia Urun
- Laboratory for Neurodiversity, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Adrian W Moore
- Laboratory for Neurodiversity, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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