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Watanabe C, Zhong J, Yamashita S, Kondo Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R, Shibata Y. Mechanical insights into jawbone characteristics under chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive nanoindentation approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 154:106506. [PMID: 38518511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the jawbone play a critical role in determining the successful integration of dental prostheses. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified to abnormally accelerate bone turnover rates. However, the impact of CKD on the mechanical characteristics of the jawbone has not been extensively studied. This study sought to evaluate the time-dependent viscoelastic behaviors of rat jawbones, particularly in the scenarios both with and without CKD. We hypothesized that CKD might compromise the bone's innate toughening mechanisms, potentially owing to the time-dependent viscoelasticity of the bone matrix proteins. The maxillary and mandibular bones of Wistar rats were subjected to nanoindentation and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Load-hold-displacement curves from the cortical regions were obtained via nanoindentation and were mathematically characterized using a suitable viscoelastic constitutive model. Raman micro-spectroscopy was employed to identify nuanced vibrational changes in local molecular structures induced by CKD. The time course of indenter penetration onto cortical bones during the holding stage (creep behavior) can be mathematically represented by a series arrangement of the Kelvin-Voigt bodies. This configuration dictates the overall viscoelastic response observed during nanoindentation tests. The CKD model exhibited a reduced extent of viscoelastic contributions, especially during the initial ramp loading phase in both the maxillary and mandibular cortical bones. The generalized Kelvin-Voigt model comprises 2 K-Voigt elements that signify an immediate short retardation time (τ1) and a subsequent prolonged retardation time (τ2), respectively. Notably, the mandibular CKD model led to an increase in the delayed τ2 alongside an increase in non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking. These suggest that, over time, CKD diminishes the bone's capability for supplementary energy absorption and dimensional recovery, thus heightening their susceptibility to fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Watanabe
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sotaro Yamashita
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyusyu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyusyu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyusyu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyusyu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yo Shibata
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Adi W, Perez BER, Liu Y, Runkle S, Eliceiri KW, Yesilkoy F. Machine learning assisted mid-infrared spectrochemical fibrillar collagen imaging in clinical tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595393. [PMID: 38826188 PMCID: PMC11142197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Significance Label-free multimodal imaging methods that can provide complementary structural and chemical information from the same sample are critical for comprehensive tissue analyses. These methods are specifically needed to study the complex tumor-microenvironment where fibrillar collagen's architectural changes are associated with cancer progression. To address this need, we present a multimodal computational imaging method where mid-infrared spectral imaging (MIRSI) is employed with second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to identify fibrillar collagen in biological tissues. Aim To demonstrate a multimodal approach where a morphology-specific contrast mechanism guides a mid-infrared spectral imaging method to detect fibrillar collagen based on its chemical signatures. Approach We trained a supervised machine learning (ML) model using SHG images as ground truth collagen labels to classify fibrillar collagen in biological tissues based on their mid-infrared hyperspectral images. Five human pancreatic tissue samples (sizes are in the order of millimeters) were imaged by both MIRSI and SHG microscopes. In total, 2.8 million MIRSI spectra were used to train a random forest (RF) model. The remaining 68 million spectra were used to validate the collagen images generated by the RF-MIRSI model in terms of collagen segmentation, orientation, and alignment. Results Compared to the SHG ground truth, the generated MIRSI collagen images achieved a high average boundary F-score (0.8 at 4 pixels threshold) in the collagen distribution, high correlation (Pearson's R 0.82) in the collagen orientation, and similarly high correlation (Pearson's R 0.66) in the collagen alignment. Conclusions We showed the potential of ML-aided label-free mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging for collagen fiber and tumor microenvironment analysis in tumor pathology samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihan Adi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bryan E. Rubio Perez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sydney Runkle
- Department of Computer Science University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Filiz Yesilkoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Szabo E, Bensusan J, Akkus O, Rimnac C. Immature porcine cortical bone mechanical properties and composition change with maturation and displacement rate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106487. [PMID: 38490048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Computational models of mature bone have been used to predict fracture; however, analogous study of immature diaphyseal fracture has not been conducted due to sparse experimental mechanical data. A model of immature bone fracture may be used to aid in the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental trauma fractures in young, newly ambulatory children (0-3 years). The objective of this study was to characterize the evolution of tissue-level mechanical behavior, composition, and microstructure of maturing cortical porcine bone with uniaxial tension, Raman spectroscopy, and light microscopy as a function of maturation. We asked: 1) How do the monotonic uniaxial tensile properties change with maturation and displacement rate; 2) How does the composition and microstructure change with maturation; and 3) Is there a correlation between composition and tensile properties with maturation? Elastic modulus (p < 0.001), fracture stress (p < 0.001), and energy absorption (p < 0.014) increased as a function of maturation at the quasistatic rate by 110%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Fracture stress also increased by 90% with maturation at the faster rate (p = 0.001). Fracture stress increased as a function of increasing displacement rate by 28% (newborn p = 0.048; 1-month p = 0.004; 3-month p= < 0.001), and fracture strain decreased by 68% with increasing displacement rate (newborn p = 0.002; 1-month p = 0.036; 3-month p < 0.001). Carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was positively linearly related to elastic modulus, and fracture stress was positively related to carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and matrix maturation ratio. The results of this study support that immature bone is strain-rate dependent and becomes more brittle at faster rates, contributing to the foundation upon which a computational model can be built to evaluate immature bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay Bensusan
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Shin M, Kim DK, Jain M, Martens PJ, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT, Kruzic JJ, Gludovatz B. Impact of heavy alcohol consumption on cortical bone mechanical properties in male rhesus macaques. Bone 2024; 181:117041. [PMID: 38325648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption may influence the skeleton by suppressing intracortical bone remodeling which may impact the quality of bone and its mechanical properties. However, this aspect has not been thoroughly assessed in either humans or animal models whose cortical bone microstructure resembles the microstructure of human cortical bone. The current study is the first to investigate the effects of chronic heavy alcohol consumption on various mechanical properties of bone in a non-human primate model with intracortical remodeling. Male rhesus macaques (5.3 years old at the initiation of treatment) were induced to drink alcohol and then given the choice to voluntarily self-administer water or ethanol (4 % w/v) for approximately 14 months, followed by three abstinence phases (lasting 34, 41, and 39-46 days) with approximately 3 months of ethanol access in between. During the initial 14 months of open-access, monkeys in the alcohol group consumed an average of 2.9 ± 0.8 g/kg/d ethanol (mean ± SD) resulting in a blood ethanol concentration of 89 ± 47 mg/dl in longitudinal samples taken at 7 h after the daily sessions began. To understand the impact of alcohol consumption on material properties, various mechanical tests were conducted on the distal tibia diaphysis of 2-5 monkeys per test group, including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing, nano-indentation, microhardness testing, compression testing, and fracture resistance curve (R-curve) testing. Additionally, compositional analyses were performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Significant differences in microhardness, compressive stress-strain response, and composition were not observed with alcohol consumption, and only minor differences were detected in hardness and elastic modulus of the matrix and osteons from nanoindentation. Furthermore, the R-curves of both groups overlapped, with similar crack initiation toughness, despite a significant decrease in crack growth toughness (p = 0.032) with alcohol consumption. However, storage modulus (p = 0.029) and loss factor (p = 0.015) from DMA testing were significantly increased in the alcohol group compared to the control group, while loss modulus remained unchanged. These results indicate that heavy alcohol consumption may have only a minor influence on the material properties and the composition of cortical bone in young adult male rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihee Shin
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Jain
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Penny J Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331 Oregon, United States; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331 Oregon, United States
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331 Oregon, United States; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331 Oregon, United States
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bernd Gludovatz
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Abbadessa A, Ronca A, Salerno A. Integrating bioprinting, cell therapies and drug delivery towards in vivo regeneration of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:858-894. [PMID: 37882983 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological and biomechanical functions of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue are naturally orchestrated by a complex crosstalk between zonally dependent cells and extracellular matrix components. In fact, this crosstalk involves biomechanical signals and the release of biochemical cues that direct cell fate and regulate tissue morphogenesis and remodelling in vivo. Three-dimensional bioprinting introduced a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, since it allows to mimic native tissue anisotropy introducing compositional and architectural gradients. Moreover, the growing synergy between bioprinting and drug delivery may enable to replicate cell/extracellular matrix reciprocity and dynamics by the careful control of the spatial and temporal patterning of bioactive cues. Although significant advances have been made in this direction, unmet challenges and open research questions persist. These include, among others, the optimization of scaffold zonality and architectural features; the preservation of the bioactivity of loaded active molecules, as well as their spatio-temporal release; the in vitro scaffold maturation prior to implantation; the pros and cons of each animal model and the graft-defect mismatch; and the in vivo non-invasive monitoring of new tissue formation. This work critically reviews these aspects and reveals the state of the art of using three-dimensional bioprinting, and its synergy with drug delivery technologies, to pattern the distribution of cells and/or active molecules in cartilage, bone and osteochondral engineered tissues. Most notably, this work focuses on approaches, technologies and biomaterials that are currently under in vivo investigations, as these give important insights on scaffold performance at the implantation site and its interaction/integration with surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abbadessa
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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PradeepKumar AR, JothiLatha S, Durvasulu A, Muralidhar L, Vimalesh Alagu J, Shereen J, Kishen A. Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Occurrence of Vertical Root Fracture: A Case Control Study. J Endod 2024; 50:450-455.e1. [PMID: 38272442 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this case-control study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the occurrence of VRFs. The crack extension, dentin sclerosis, and chemical characteristics of root dentin in teeth with VRF from patients with/without DM were also compared. METHODS One hundred and thirty-two patients diagnosed with VRF in crowned root filled posterior teeth were selected. The study was conducted in 2 parts. In Part-1: The cases were matched with control teeth (1:1) for age (±5 years), sex, tooth type, apical extent of root filling, time period after root filling to a diagnosis of VRF, presence or absence of intracanal post and abutment status. The presence or absence of type 2 DM (HbA1c > 6.5) was recorded. In Part-2: The extracted teeth with VRF from the case control study were used to evaluate the extension of VRF, presence of sclerotic dentin and isthmus using a microscopic analysis; while the levels of pentosidine, collagen cross-linking ratio and mineral-collagen ratio were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution of DM between cases and controls was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio estimated. Chemical composition data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. The extent of sclerotic dentin was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. RESULTS When compared to patients without DM, patients with DM had 2.67 (95% CI: 1.6-4.45) folds higher odds for occurrence of VRF. Pentosidine (P = .014), collagen cross-linking ratio(P = .047), mineral-collagen ratio (P = .009) and sclerotic dentin extent (P = .0009) were significantly higher in patients with DM and VRF. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 DM was more often associated with VRFs in root canal treated teeth with crowns. Root dentin from patients with type 2 DM and VRF had higher levels of pentosidine, collagen cross-linking ratio, mineral to collagen ratio and sclerotic dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angambakkam Rajasekaran PradeepKumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Sundaramurthy JothiLatha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, India
| | - Archana Durvasulu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | | | - Jeffery Vimalesh Alagu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Judith Shereen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.
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Schurman CA, Kaya S, Dole N, Luna NMM, Castillo N, Potter R, Rose JP, Bons J, King CD, Burton JB, Schilling B, Melov S, Tang S, Schaible E, Alliston T. Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality. Bone Res 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38409111 PMCID: PMC10897167 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly individuals. The molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality, independent of bone mass, are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by osteocytes. We hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), which maintains bone material properties. We examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβ signaling (TβRIIocy-/-) that suppresses PLR. The control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβ signaling and PLR, but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRIIocy-/- bone. This relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical tests. The effects of age on bone mass, density, and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ. We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Neha Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nadja M Maldonado Luna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ryan Potter
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jacob P Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Jordan B Burton
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Simon Tang
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Bolger MW, Tekkey T, Kohn DH. Peripheral canalicular branching is decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and correlates with decreased whole-bone ultimate load and perilacunar elastic work. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad017. [PMID: 38505218 PMCID: PMC10945723 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most abundant cell type in bone, play a crucial role in mechanosensation and signaling for bone formation and resorption. These cells reside within a complex lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN). Osteocyte signaling is reduced under diabetic conditions, and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes lead to reduced bone turnover, perturbed bone composition, and increased fracture risk. We hypothesized that this reduced bone turnover, and altered bone composition with diabetes is associated with reduced OLCN architecture and connectivity. This study aimed to elucidate: (1) the sequence of OLCN changes with diabetes related to bone turnover and (2) whether changes to the OLCN are associated with tissue composition and mechanical properties. Twelve- to fourteen-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days to induce hyperglycemia, sacrificed at baseline (BL), or after being diabetic for 3 (D3) and 7 (D7) wk with age-matched (C3, C7) controls (n = 10-12 per group). Mineralized femoral sections were infiltrated with rhodamine, imaged with confocal microscopy, then the OLCN morphology and topology were characterized and correlated against bone histomorphometry, as well as local and whole-bone mechanics and composition. D7 mice exhibited a lower number of peripheral branches relative to C7. The total number of canalicular intersections (nodes) was lower in D3 and D7 relative to BL (P < 0.05 for all), and a reduced bone formation rate (BFR) was observed at D7 vs C7. The number of nodes explained only 15% of BFR, but 45% of Ct.BV/TV, and 31% of ultimate load. The number of branches explained 30% and 22% of the elastic work at the perilacunar and intracortical region, respectively. Collectively, the reduction in OLCN architecture and association of OLCN measures with bone turnover, mechanics, and composition highlights the relevance of the osteocyte and the OLCN and a potential therapeutic target for treating diabetic skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Bolger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Tara Tekkey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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9
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Easson M, Wong S, Moody M, Schmidt TA, Deymier A. Physiochemical effects of acid exposure on bone composition and function. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106304. [PMID: 38096610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bone is primarily composed of collagen and apatite, two materials which exhibit a high sensitivity to pH dysregulation. As a result, acid exposure of bone, both clinically and in the laboratory is expected to cause compositional and mechanical changes to the tissue. Clinically, Metabolic acidosis (MA), a condition characterized by a reduced physiological pH, has been shown to have negative implications on bone health, including a decrease in bone mineral density and volume as well as increased fracture risk. The addition of bone-like apatite to ionic solutions such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and media has been shown to acidify the solution leading to bone acid exposure. Therefore, is it essential to understand how reduced pH physiochemically affects bone composition and in turn its mechanical properties. This study investigates the specific changes in bone due to physiochemical dissolution in acid. Excised murine bones were placed in PBS solutions at different pHs: a homeostatic pH level (pH 7.4), an acidosis equivalent (pH 7.0), and an extreme acidic solution (pH 5.5). After 5 days, the bones were removed from the solutions and characterized to determine compositional and material changes. We found that bones, without cells, were able to regulate pH via buffering, leading to a decrease in bone mineral content and an increase in collagen denaturation. Both of these compositional changes contributed to an increase in bone toughness by creating a more ductile bone surface and preventing crack propagation. Therefore, we conclude that the skeletal systems' physiochemical response to acid exposure includes multifaceted and spatially variable compositional changes that affect bone mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Easson
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Wong
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mikayla Moody
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alix Deymier
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Scaggion C, Marinato M, Dal Sasso G, Nodari L, Saupe T, Aneli S, Pagani L, Scheib CL, Rigo M, Artioli G. A fresh perspective on infrared spectroscopy as a prescreening method for molecular and stable isotopes analyses on ancient human bones. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1028. [PMID: 38200208 PMCID: PMC10781948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the development of modern genome sequencing technologies, the investigation of museum osteological finds is increasingly informative and popular. Viable protocols to help preserve these collections from exceedingly invasive analyses, would allow greater access to the specimens for scientific research. The main aim of this work is to survey skeletal tissues, specifically petrous bones and roots of teeth, using infrared spectroscopy as a prescreening method to assess the bone quality for molecular analyses. This approach could overcome the major problem of identifying useful genetic material in archaeological bone collections without resorting to demanding, time consuming and expensive laboratory studies. A minimally invasive sampling of archaeological bones was developed and bone structural and compositional changes were examined, linking isotopic and genetic data to infrared spectra. The predictive model based on Infrared parameters is effective in determining the occurrence of ancient DNA (aDNA); however, the quality/quantity of aDNA cannot be determined because of the influence of environmental and local factors experienced by the examined bones during the burial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Scaggion
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Marinato
- Department of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and History of Art, Cinema and Music, University of Padova, 35139, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Dal Sasso
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Italian National Research Council-CNR, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Nodari
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, Italian National Research Council-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Tina Saupe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Serena Aneli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35122, Padova, Italy
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Pagani
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Christiana L Scheib
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Manuel Rigo
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Italian National Research Council-CNR, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gilberto Artioli
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, 50121, Firenze, Italy
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11
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Liu C, Cyphert EL, Stephen SJ, Wang B, Morales AL, Nixon JC, Natsoulas NR, Garcia M, Blazquez Carmona P, Vill AC, Donnelly EL, Brito IL, Vashishth D, Hernandez CJ. Microbiome-induced Increases and Decreases in Bone Tissue Strength can be Initiated After Skeletal Maturity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574074. [PMID: 38260539 PMCID: PMC10802367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin). Male and female mice (n=143 total, n=12-17/group/sex) were allocated into five study groups:1) Unaltered, 2) Continuous (dosing 4-24 weeks of age), 3) Delayed (dosing only 16-24 weeks of age), 4) Initial (dosing 4-16 weeks of age, suspended at 16 weeks), and 5) Reconstituted (dosing from 4-16 weeks following by fecal microbiota transplant from Unaltered donors). Animals were euthanized at 24 weeks of age. In males, bone matrix strength in the femur was 25-35% less than expected from geometry in mice from the Continuous (p= 0.001), Delayed (p= 0.005), and Initial (p=0.040) groups as compared to Unaltered. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota, however, led to a bone matrix strength similar to Unaltered animals (p=0.929). In females, microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix strength followed the same trend as males but were not significantly different, demonstrating sex-related differences in the response of bone matrix to the gut microbiota. Minor differences in chemical composition of bone matrix were observed (Raman spectroscopy). Our findings indicate that microbiome-induced impairment of bone matrix in males can be initiated and/or reversed after skeletal maturity. The portion of the femoral cortical bone formed after skeletal maturity (16 weeks) is small; however, this suggests that microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix occur without osteoblast/osteoclast turnover using an, as of yet unidentified mechanism. These findings add to evidence that the mechanical properties of bone matrix can be altered in the adult skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Cyphert
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S J Stephen
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - B Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A L Morales
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J C Nixon
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
| | - N R Natsoulas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - A C Vill
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Donnelly
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - I L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Vashishth
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C J Hernandez
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
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12
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Shin M, Pelletier MH, Lovric V, Walsh WR, Martens PJ, Kruzic JJ, Gludovatz B. Effect of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization with Novakill™ or ethanol on the fracture toughness of cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35356. [PMID: 38247241 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sterilization of structural bone allografts is a critical process prior to their clinical use in large cortical bone defects. Gamma irradiation protocols are known to affect tissue integrity in a dose dependent manner. Alternative sterilization treatments, such as supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2 ), are gaining popularity due to advantages such as minimal exposure to denaturants, the lack of toxic residues, superior tissue penetration, and minor impacts on mechanical properties including strength and stiffness. The impact of SCCO2 on the fracture toughness of bone tissue, however, remains unknown. Here, we evaluate crack initiation and growth toughness after 2, 6, and 24 h SCCO2 -treatment using Novakill™ and ethanol as additives on ~11 samples per group obtained from a pair of femur diaphyses of a canine. All mechanical testing was performed at ambient air after 24 h soaking in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Results show no statistically significant difference in the failure characteristics of the Novakill™-treated groups whereas crack growth toughness after 6 and 24 h of treatment with ethanol significantly increases by 37% (p = .010) and 34% (p = .038), respectively, compared to an untreated control group. In contrast, standard 25 kGy gamma irradiation causes significantly reduced crack growth resistance by 40% (p = .007) compared to untreated bone. FTIR vibrational spectroscopy, conducted after testing, reveals a consistent trend of statistically significant differences (p < .001) with fracture toughness. These trends align with variations in the ratios of enzymatic mature to immature crosslinks in the collagen structure, suggesting a potential association with fracture toughness. Additional Raman spectroscopy after testing shows a similar trend with statistically significant differences (p < .005), which further supports that collagen structural changes occur in the SCF-treated groups with ethanol after 6 and 24 h. Our work reveals the benefits of SCCO2 sterilization compared to gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihee Shin
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew H Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vedran Lovric
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William R Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penny J Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Gludovatz
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Kochetkova T, Hanke MS, Indermaur M, Groetsch A, Remund S, Neuenschwander B, Michler J, Siebenrock KA, Zysset P, Schwiedrzik J. Composition and micromechanical properties of the femoral neck compact bone in relation to patient age, sex and hip fracture occurrence. Bone 2023; 177:116920. [PMID: 37769956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical methods of bone health assessment depend to a great extent on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. However, these methods only act as a proxy for bone strength and are often only carried out after the fracture occurs. Besides BMD, composition and tissue-level mechanical properties are expected to affect the whole bone's strength and toughness. While the elastic properties of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively investigated over the past two decades, there is still limited knowledge of the yield properties and their relationship to composition and architecture. In the present study, morphological, compositional and micropillar compression bone data was collected from patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Femoral neck samples from 42 patients were collected together with anonymous clinical information about age, sex and primary diagnosis (coxarthrosis or hip fracture). The femoral neck cortex from the inferomedial region was analyzed in a site-matched manner using a combination of micromechanical testing (nanoindentation, micropillar compression) together with micro-CT and quantitative polarized Raman spectroscopy for both morphological and compositional characterization. Mechanical properties, as well as the sample-level mineral density, were constant over age. Only compositional properties demonstrate weak dependence on patient age: decreasing mineral to matrix ratio (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.13, 2.6 % per decade) and increasing amide I sub-peak ratio I∼1660/I∼1683 (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.11, 1.5 % per decade). The patient's sex and diagnosis did not seem to influence investigated bone properties. A clear zonal dependence between interstitial and osteonal cortical zones was observed for compositional and elastic bone properties (p < 0.0001). Site-matched microscale analysis confirmed that all investigated mechanical properties except yield strain demonstrate a positive correlation with the mineral fraction of bone. The output database is the first to integrate the experimentally assessed microscale yield properties, local tissue composition and morphology with the available patient clinical information. The final dataset was used for bone fracture risk prediction in-silico through the principal component analysis and the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. The analysis showed that the mineral to matrix ratio, indentation hardness and micropillar yield stress are the most relevant parameters for bone fracture risk prediction at 70 % model accuracy (0.71 AUC). Due to the low number of samples, further studies to build a universal fracture prediction algorithm are anticipated with the higher number of patients (N > 200). The proposed classification algorithm together with the output dataset of bone tissue properties can be used for the future comparison of existing methods to evaluate bone quality as well as to form a better understanding of the mechanisms through which bone tissue is affected by aging or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kochetkova
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Indermaur
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Remund
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Neuenschwander
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
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14
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Fertaki S, Giannoutsou P, Orkoula MG. Combining Raman Microspectroscopy and X-ray Microcomputed Tomography for the Study of Bone Quality in Apolipoprotein-Deficient Animal Models. Molecules 2023; 28:7196. [PMID: 37894675 PMCID: PMC10609250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) were used for assessment of the quality of the femur and tibia bones in apolipoprotein-deficient mice compared to control littermates. The cortical and trabecular bone was investigated separately. Raman spectra revealed no differences in the bioapatite-to-collagenous matrix ratio of the cortical bone. The quantities of calcium and collagen, which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively, were also found to be equal in the two groups. Density and morphometric parameters, which were measured using micro-CT, verified the cortical mineral stability. Bone quality indices were measured using Raman spectra. A decreased collagen crosslink (trivalent-to-divalent) ratio revealed delayed maturation of the collagen network. Such a decrease has been reported in the literature to be connected to decreased bone strength. For the trabecular bone, micro-CT revealed severe osteoporosis in the knock-out group, which was evident from a decreased mineral density, trabecular thickness and increased bone surface/volume ratio. The trabecular bone was not accessible for Raman spectroscopy. According to these results, the cortical and trabecular femur bone is expected to exhibit proneness to fracturing, each for a different reason. A combination of the two techniques was regarded as necessary for an overall assessment of bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Fertaki
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Giannoutsou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
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15
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Woess C, Huck CW, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Arora R, Lindtner RA, Zelger P, Schirmer M, Rabl W, Pallua J. Raman spectroscopy for postmortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300189. [PMID: 37494000 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Estimating postmortem intervals (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations, providing insights into criminal cases and determining the time of death. PMI estimation relies on expert experience and a combination of thanatological data and environmental factors but is prone to errors. The lack of reliable methods for assessing PMI in bones and soft tissues necessitates a better understanding of bone decomposition. Several research groups have shown promise in PMI estimation in skeletal remains but lack valid data for forensic cases. Current methods are costly, time-consuming, and unreliable for PMIs over 5 years. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can potentially estimate PMI by studying chemical modifications in bones and teeth correlated with burial time. This review summarizes RS applications, highlighting its potential as an innovative, nondestructive, and fast technique for PMI estimation in forensic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woess
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R A Lindtner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Rabl
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Pallua
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Mieczkowska A, Mabilleau G. Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy for the Evaluation of Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Bone Collagen. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:344-353. [PMID: 37278762 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic cross-linking of the bone collagen is important to resist to crack growth and to increased flexural strength. In the present study, we proposed a new method for assessment of enzymatic cross-link based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy that takes into account secondary structure of type I collagen. Briefly, femurs were collected from sham or ovariectomized mice and subjected either to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, cut and analyzed by FTIR microspectroscopy. FTIR acquisition was recorded before and after ultraviolet (UV) exposure or acid treatment. In addition, femurs from a second animal study were used to compare gene expression of Plod2 and Lox enzymes and enzymatic cross-links determined by FTIR microspectroscopy. We evidenced here that intensities and areas of subbands located at ~1660, ~1680, and ~1690 cm-1 were positively and significantly associated with the concentration of pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline, or immature dihydroxylysinonorleucine/hydroxylysinonorleucine cross-links. Seventy-two hours exposure to UV light significantly reduced by ~86% and ~89% the intensity and area of the ~1660 cm-1 subband. Similarly, 24 h of acid treatment significantly reduced by 78% and 76% the intensity and area of the ~1690 cm-1 subband. Plod2 and Lox expression were also positively associated to the signal of the ~1660 and ~1690 cm-1 subbands. In conclusion, our study provided a new method for decomposing the amide I envelope of bone section that positively correlates with PYD and immature collagen cross-links. This method allows for investigation of tissue distribution of enzymatic cross-links in bone section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, Université d'Angers, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, Université d'Angers, 49000, Angers, France.
- CHU Angers, Departement de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UF de Pathologie osseuse, 49933, Angers, France.
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17
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Bolger MW, Tekkey T, Kohn DH. The Contribution of Perilacunar Composition and Mechanical Properties to Whole-Bone Mechanical Outcomes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:229-245. [PMID: 37261462 PMCID: PMC11144452 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in bone and remodel their local perilacunar matrix in response to a variety of stimuli and diseases. How the perilacunar composition and mechanical properties are affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), and the contribution of these local changes to the decline in whole-bone functional properties that occurs with diabetes remains unclear. 12-14 week old C57/BL6 male mice were administered a series of low-dose streptozotocin injections and sacrificed at baseline (BL), 3 (D3) and 7 weeks (D7) following confirmation of diabetes, along with age-matched controls (C3, C7). Femora were then subjected to a thorough morphological (μCT), mechanical (four-point bending, nanoindentation), and compositional (HPLC for collagen cross-links, Raman spectroscopy) analysis at the whole-bone and local (perilacunar and intracortical) levels. At the whole-bone level, D7 mice exhibited 10.7% lower ultimate load and 26.4% lower post-yield work relative to C7. These mechanical changes coincided with 52.2% higher levels of pentosidine at D7 compared to C7. At the local level, the creep distance increased, while modulus and hardness decreased in the perilacunar region relative to the intracortical for D7 mice, suggesting a spatial uncoupling in skeletal adaptation. D7 mice also exhibited increased matrix maturity in the 1660/1690 cm-1 ratio at both regions relative to C7. The perilacunar matrix maturity was predictive of post-yield work (46%), but perilacunar measures were not predictive of ultimate load, which was better explained by cortical area (26%). These results show that diabetes causes local perilacunar composition perturbations that affect whole-bone level mechanical properties, implicating osteocyte maintenance of its local matrix in the progression of diabetic skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Bolger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tara Tekkey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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18
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Arora D, Taylor EA, King KB, Donnelly E. Increased tissue modulus and hardness in the TallyHO mouse model of early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287825. [PMID: 37418415 PMCID: PMC10328374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher fracture risk compared to those without T2DM despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, T2DM may alter other aspects of resistance to fracture beyond BMD such as bone geometry, microarchitecture, and tissue material properties. We characterized the skeletal phenotype and assessed the effects of hyperglycemia on bone tissue mechanical and compositional properties in the TallyHO mouse model of early-onset T2DM using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Femurs and tibias were harvested from male TallyHO and C57Bl/6J mice at 26 weeks of age. The minimum moment of inertia assessed by micro-computed tomography was smaller (-26%) and cortical porosity was greater (+490%) in TallyHO femora compared to controls. In three-point bending tests to failure, the femoral ultimate moment and stiffness did not differ but post-yield displacement was lower (-35%) in the TallyHO mice relative to that in C57Bl/6J age-matched controls after adjusting for body mass. The cortical bone in the tibia of TallyHO mice was stiffer and harder, as indicated by greater mean tissue nanoindentation modulus (+22%) and hardness (+22%) compared to controls. Raman spectroscopic mineral:matrix ratio and crystallinity were greater in TallyHO tibiae than in C57Bl/6J tibiae (mineral:matrix +10%, p < 0.05; crystallinity +0.41%, p < 0.10). Our regression model indicated that greater values of crystallinity and collagen maturity were associated with reduced ductility observed in the femora of the TallyHO mice. The maintenance of structural stiffness and strength of TallyHO mouse femora despite reduced geometric resistance to bending could potentially be explained by increased tissue modulus and hardness, as observed at the tibia. Finally, with worsening glycemic control, tissue hardness and crystallinity increased, and bone ductility decreased in TallyHO mice. Our study suggests that these material factors may be sentinels of bone embrittlement in adolescents with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daksh Arora
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik A. Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen B. King
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
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19
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Monahan GE, Schiavi-Tritz J, Britton M, Vaughan TJ. Longitudinal alterations in bone morphometry, mechanical integrity and composition in Type-2 diabetes in a Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. Bone 2023; 170:116672. [PMID: 36646266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of bone fracture, without a reduction in bone mineral density. It is hypothesised that the hyperglycaemic state caused by T2D forms an excess of Advanced Glycated End-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone, which are thought to stiffen the collagen network and lead to impaired mechanical properties. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the geometrical, structural and material properties of diabetic cortical bone during the development and progression of T2D in ZDF (fa/fa) rats at 12-, 26- and 46-weeks of age. Longitudinal bone growth was impaired as early as 12-weeks of age and by 46-weeks bone size was significantly reduced in ZDF (fa/fa) rats versus controls (fa/+). Diabetic rats had significant structural deficits, such as bending rigidity, ultimate moment and energy-to-failure measured via three-point bend testing. Tissue material properties, measured by taking bone geometry into account, were altered as the disease progressed, with significant reductions in yield and ultimate strength for ZDF (fa/fa) rats at 46-weeks. FTIR analysis on cortical bone powder demonstrated that the tissue material deficits coincided with changes in tissue composition, in ZDF (fa/fa) rats with long-term diabetes having a reduced carbonate:phosphate ratio and increased acid phosphate content when compared to age-matched controls, indicative of an altered bone turnover process. AGE accumulation, measured via fluorescent assays, was higher in the skin of ZDF (fa/fa) rats with long-term T2D, bone AGEs did not differ between strains and neither AGEs correlated with bone strength. In conclusion, bone fragility in the diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats likely occurs through a multifactorial mechanism influenced initially by impaired bone growth and development and proceeding to an altered bone turnover process that reduces bone quality and impairs biomechanical properties as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna E Monahan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Schiavi-Tritz
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR, 7274 Nancy, France
| | - Marissa Britton
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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20
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Olivier F, Drouet C, Marsan O, Sarou-Kanian V, Rekima S, Gautier N, Fayon F, Bonnamy S, Rochet N. Long-Term Fate and Efficacy of a Biomimetic (Sr)-Apatite-Coated Carbon Patch Used for Bone Reconstruction. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050246. [PMID: 37233356 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defect repair remains a major medical challenge. Developing biocompatible materials with bone-healing ability is a key field of research, and calcium-deficient apatites (CDA) are appealing bioactive candidates. We previously described a method to cover activated carbon cloths (ACC) with CDA or strontium-doped CDA coatings to generate bone patches. Our previous study in rats revealed that apposition of ACC or ACC/CDA patches on cortical bone defects accelerated bone repair in the short term. This study aimed to analyze in the medium term the reconstruction of cortical bone in the presence of ACC/CDA or ACC/10Sr-CDA patches corresponding to 6 at.% of strontium substitution. It also aimed to examine the behavior of these cloths in the medium and long term, in situ and at distance. Our results at day 26 confirm the particular efficacy of strontium-doped patches on bone reconstruction, leading to new thick bone with high bone quality as quantified by Raman microspectroscopy. At 6 months the biocompatibility and complete osteointegration of these carbon cloths and the absence of micrometric carbon debris, either out of the implantation site or within peripheral organs, was confirmed. These results demonstrate that these composite carbon patches are promising biomaterials to accelerate bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Olivier
- CNRS, Université d'Orléans, ICMN UMR 7374, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UT3/INP, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Marsan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UT3/INP, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Nadine Gautier
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Franck Fayon
- CNRS, Université d'Orléans, CEMHTI UPR 3079, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnamy
- CNRS, Université d'Orléans, ICMN UMR 7374, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
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21
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The comprehensive evaluation of two collagen gels used for sausage casing extrusion purposes: The role of the structural and mechanical properties. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Heilbronner AK, Dash A, Straight BE, Snyder LJ, Ganesan S, Adu KB, Jae A, Clare S, Billings E, Kim HJ, Cunningham M, Lebl DR, Donnelly E, Stein EM. Peripheral cortical bone density predicts vertebral bone mineral properties in spine fusion surgery patients. Bone 2023; 169:116678. [PMID: 36646265 PMCID: PMC10081687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spine fusion surgery is one of the most common orthopedic procedures, with over 400,000 performed annually to correct deformities and pain. However, complications occur in approximately one third of cases. While many of these complications may be related to poor bone quality, it is difficult to detect bone abnormalities prior to surgery. Areal BMD (aBMD) assessed by DXA may be artifactually high in patients with spine pathology, leading to missed diagnosis of deficits. In this study, we related preoperative imaging characteristics of both central and peripheral sites to direct measurements of bone quality in vertebral biopsies. We hypothesized that pre-operative imaging outcomes would relate to vertebral bone mineralization and collagen properties. Pre-operative assessments included DXA measurements of aBMD of the spine, hip, and forearm, central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the lumbar spine, and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT; Xtreme CT2) measurements of vBMD and microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia. Bone samples were collected intraoperatively from the lumbar vertebrae and analyzed using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Bone samples were obtained from 23 postmenopausal women (mean age 67 ± 7 years, BMI 28 ± 8 kg/m2). We found that patients with more mature bone by FTIR, measured as lower acid phosphate content and carbonate to phosphate ratio, and greater collagen maturity and mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC), had greater cortical vBMD at the tibia and greater aBMD at the lumbar spine and one-third radius. Our data suggests that bone quality at peripheral sites may predict bone quality at the spine. As bone quality at the spine is challenging to assess prior to surgery, there is a great need for additional screening tools. Pre-operative peripheral bone imaging may provide important insight into vertebral bone quality and may foster identification of patients with bone quality deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Heilbronner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexander Dash
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Beth E Straight
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Leah J Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Sandhya Ganesan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Kobby B Adu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Andy Jae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Shannon Clare
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emma Billings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Han Jo Kim
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew Cunningham
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Darren R Lebl
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emily M Stein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America.
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23
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Shukla AG, Milman T, Fertala J, Steplewski A, Fertala A. Scar formation in the presence of mitomycin C and the anti-fibrotic antibody in a rabbit model of glaucoma microsurgery: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15368. [PMID: 37123929 PMCID: PMC10130883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a rationally engineered antibody that directly blocks collagen fibrillogenesis to reduce scar tissue formation associated with subconjunctival glaucoma surgery. Material and methods Fourteen eyes of 7 adult rabbits underwent glaucoma filtering surgery using XEN 45 Gel Stent. The rabbits' eyes were divided randomly into three treatment groups: (i) treated with the antibody, (ii) treated with mitomycin C, and (iii) treated with the antibody and mitomycin C. Following surgeries, the intraocular pressure and bleb appearance were evaluated in vivo. The rabbits were sacrificed 8 weeks after the surgery, and their eyes were harvested and processed for tissue analysis. Subsequently, tissue samples were analyzed microscopically for fibrotic tissue and cellular markers of inflammation. Moreover, the collagen-rich fibrotic tissue formed around the stents was analyzed using quantitative histology and infrared spectroscopy. The outcomes of this study were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results This study demonstrated no significant differences in intraocular pressure, bleb appearance, or presence of complications such as bleb leak among the treatment groups. In contrast, we observed significant differences among the subpopulations of collagen fibrils formed within scar neo-tissue. Based on the spectroscopic analyses, we determined that the relative content of mature collagen cross-links in the antibody-treated group was significantly reduced compared to other groups. Conclusions Direct blocking of collagen fibrillogenesis with the anti-collagen antibody offers potentially beneficial effects that may reduce the negative impact of the subconjunctival scarring associated with glaucoma filtering surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Garg Shukla
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glaucoma Division, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA.
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24
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Fernández-Galiana Á, Bibikova O, Vilms Pedersen S, Stevens MM. Fundamentals and Applications of Raman-Based Techniques for the Design and Development of Active Biomedical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210807. [PMID: 37001970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on light-matter interactions that can interrogate the vibrational modes of matter and provide representative molecular fingerprints. Mediated by its label-free, non-invasive nature, and high molecular specificity, Raman-based techniques have become ubiquitous tools for in situ characterization of materials. This review comprehensively describes the theoretical and practical background of Raman spectroscopy and its advanced variants. The numerous facets of material characterization that Raman scattering can reveal, including biomolecular identification, solid-to-solid phase transitions, and spatial mapping of biomolecular species in bioactive materials, are highlighted. The review illustrates the potential of these techniques in the context of active biomedical material design and development by highlighting representative studies from the literature. These studies cover the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of both natural and synthetic biomaterials, including engineered tissue constructs, biopolymer systems, ceramics, and nanoparticle formulations, among others. To increase the accessibility and adoption of these techniques, the present review also provides the reader with practical recommendations on the integration of Raman techniques into the experimental laboratory toolbox. Finally, perspectives on how recent developments in plasmon- and coherently-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can propel Raman from underutilized to critical for biomaterial development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Galiana
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Simon Vilms Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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25
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Yildirim G, Budell W, Berezovska O, Yagerman S, Maliath S, Mastrokostas P, Tommasini S, Dowd T. Lead induced differences in bone properties in osteocalcin +/+ and −/− female mice. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101672. [PMID: 37064000 PMCID: PMC10090701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major health problem and bone is the major reservoir. Lead is detrimental to bone, affects bone remodeling and is associated with elderly fractures. Osteocalcin (OC) affects bone remodeling, improves fracture resistance and decreases with age and in some diseases. The effect of lead in osteocalcin depleted bone is unknown and of interest. We compared bone mineral properties of control and Pb exposed (from 2 to 6 months) femora from female adult C57BL6 OC+/+ and OC-/- mice using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI), Micro-computed tomography (uCT), bone biomechanical measurements and serum turnover markers (P1NP, CTX). Lead significantly increased turnover in OC+/+ and in OC-/- bones producing increased total volume, area and marrow area/total area with decreased BV/TV compared to controls. The increased turnover decreased mineral/matrix vs. Oc+/+ and increased mineral/matrix and crystallinity vs. OC-/-. PbOC-/- had increased bone formation, cross-sectional area (Imin) and decreased collagen maturity compared OC-/- and PbOC+/+. Imbalanced turnover in PbOC-/- confirmed the role of osteocalcin as a coupler of formation and resorption. Bone strength and stiffness were reduced in OC-/- and PbOC-/- due to reduced material properties vs. OC+/+ and PbOC+/+ respectively. The PbOC-/- bones had increased area to compensate for weaker material properties but were not proportionally stronger for increased size. However, at low lead levels osteocalcin plays the major role in bone strength suggesting increased fracture risk in low Pb2+ exposed elderly could be due to reduced osteocalcin as well. Years of low lead exposure or higher blood lead levels may have an additional effect on bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - W.C. Budell
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - O. Berezovska
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Yagerman
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S.S. Maliath
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - P. Mastrokostas
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T.L. Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Rm. 359 NE, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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26
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Gobron B, Couchot M, Irwin N, Legrand E, Bouvard B, Mabilleau G. Development of a First-in-Class Unimolecular Dual GIP/GLP-2 Analogue, GL-0001, for the Treatment of Bone Fragility. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:733-748. [PMID: 36850034 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to aging of the population, bone frailty is dramatically increasing worldwide. Although some therapeutic options exist, they do not fully protect or prevent against the occurrence of new fractures. All current drugs approved for the treatment of bone fragility target bone mass. However, bone resistance to fracture is not solely due to bone mass but relies also on bone extracellular matrix (ECM) material properties, i.e., the quality of the bone matrix component. Here, we introduce the first-in-class unimolecular dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-2 (GIP/GLP-2) analogue, GL-0001, that activates simultaneously the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPr) and the glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2r). GL-0001 acts synergistically through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-lysyl oxidase pathway to enhance collagen maturity. Furthermore, bilateral ovariectomy was performed in 32 BALB/c mice at 12 weeks of age prior to random allocation to either saline, dual GIP/GLP-2 analogues (GL-0001 or GL-0007) or zoledronic acid groups (n = 8/group). Treatment with dual GIP/GLP-2 analogues was initiated 4 weeks later for 8 weeks. At the organ level, GL-0001 modified biomechanical parameters by increasing ultimate load, postyield displacement, and energy-to-fracture of cortical bone. GL-0001 also prevented excess trabecular bone degradation at the appendicular skeleton and enhanced bone ECM material properties in cortical bone through a reduction of the mineral-to-matrix ratio and augmentation in enzymatic collagen cross-linking. These results demonstrate that targeting bone ECM material properties is a viable option to enhance bone strength and opens an innovative pathway for the treatment of patients suffering from bone fragility. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Gobron
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers, France
| | - Malory Couchot
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,SATT Ouest Valorisation, Nantes, France
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Coleraine, UK
| | - Erick Legrand
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,CHU Angers, Departement de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UF de Pathologie osseuse, Angers, France
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27
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Vurat MT, Parmaksiz M, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Bioactive composite hydrogels as 3D mesenchymal stem cell encapsulation environment for bone tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:261-277. [PMID: 36239582 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although decellularized bone matrix (DBM) has often been used in scaffold form for osteogenic applications, its use as a stem cell encapsulation matrix adaptable to surgical shaping procedures has been neglected. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing solubilized DBM and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp)-incorporated DBM hydrogels as encapsulation matrix for bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). First, DBM and DBM/nHAp hydrogels were assessed by physical, chemical, turbidimetric, thermal, and mechanical methods; then, in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro hemocompatibility were investigated. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the osteogenic properties of hydrogels alone or with BM-MSCs encapsulated in them. The findings revealed that hydrogels retained high levels of collagen and glycosaminoglycans after successful decellularization. They were found to be cytocompatible and hemocompatible in vitro, and were able to gel with sufficient mechanical stability at physiological temperature. BM-MSCs survived in culture for at least 2 weeks as metabolically active when encapsulated in both DBM and DBM/nHAp. Preliminary in vivo study showed that DBM-nHAp has higher osteogenicity than DBM. Moreover, BM-MSC encapsulated DMB/nHAp showed predominant bone-like tissue formation at 30 days in the rat ectopic site compared to its cell-free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Taner Vurat
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey.,R&D Division, Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Division, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Palander A, Fauch L, Turunen MJ, Dekker H, Schulten EAJM, Koistinen A, Bravenboer N, Kullaa A. Molecular Quantity Variations in Human-Mandibular-Bone Osteoid. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:547-558. [PMID: 35978052 PMCID: PMC9613710 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid is a layer of new-formed bone that is deposited on the bone border during the process of new bone formation. This deposition process is crucial for bone tissue, and flaws in it can lead to bone diseases. Certain bone diseases, i.e. medication related osteonecrosis, are overexpressed in mandibular bone. Because mandibular bone presents different properties than other bone types, the data concerning osteoid formation in other bones are inapplicable for human-mandibular bone. Previously, the molecular distribution of other bone types has been presented using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, the spatial distribution of molecular components of healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid in relation to histologic landmarks has not been previously presented and needs to be studied in order to understand diseases that occur human-mandibular bone. This study presents for the first time the variation in molecular distribution inside healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid by juxtaposing FTIR data with its corresponding histologic image obtained by autofluorescence imaging of its same bone section. During new bone formation, bone-forming cells produce an osteoid constituted primarily of type I collagen. It was observed that in mandibular bone, the collagen type I increases from the osteoblast line with the distance from the osteoblasts, indicating progressive accumulation of collagen during osteoid formation. Only later inside the collagen matrix, the osteoid starts to mineralize. When the mineralization starts, the collagen accumulation diminishes whereas the collagen maturation still continues. This chemical-apposition process in healthy mandibular bone will be used in future as a reference to understand different pathologic conditions that occur in human-mandibular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Palander
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
| | - Laure Fauch
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Hannah Dekker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9500, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
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29
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Gamsjaeger S, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Paschalis EP. Cortical bone material / compositional properties in growing children and young adults aged 1.5-23 years, as a function of gender, age, metabolic activity, and growth spurt. Bone 2022; 165:116548. [PMID: 36122648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone material / compositional properties are significant determinants of bone quality, thus strength. Raman spectroscopic analysis provides information on the quantity and quality of all three bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, and tissue water). The overwhelming majority of the published reports on the subject concern adults. We have previously reported on these properties in growing children and young adults, in the cancellous compartment. The purpose of the present study was to create normative reference data of bone material / compositional properties for children and young adults, in the cortical compartment. We performed Raman (Senterra (Bruker Optik GmbH), 50× objective, with an excitation of 785 nm (100 mW) and a lateral resolution of ~0.6 μm) microspectroscopic analysis of transiliac bone samples from 54 individuals between 1.5 and 23 years of age, with no known metabolic bone disease, and which have been previously used to establish histomorphometric, bone mineralization density distribution, and cancellous bone quality reference values. The bone quality indices that were determined were: mineral/matrix ratio (MM) from the integrated areas of the v2PO4 (410-460 cm-1) and the amide III (1215-1300 cm-1) bands, tissue water in nanopores approximated by the ratio of the integrated spectral area ~ 494-509 cm-1 to Amide III band, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (ratio of integrated area 1365-1390 cm-1 to the Amide III band, the sulfated proteoglycan (sPG) content as the ratio of the integrated peaks ~1062 cm-1 and 1365-1390 cm-1, the pyridinoline (Pyd) content estimated from the ratio of the absorbance height at 1660 cm-1 / area of the amide I (1620-1700 cm-1) band, and the mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) estimated from the inverse of the full width at half height of the v1PO4 (930-980 cm-1) band. Analyses were performed at the three distinct cortical surfaces (endosteal, osteonal, periosteal) at specific anatomical microlocations, namely the osteoid, and the three precisely known tissue ages based on the presence of fluorescence double labels. Measurements were also taken in interstitial bone, a much older tissue that has undergone extensive secondary mineralization. Overall, significant dependencies of the measured parameters on tissue age were observed, while at any given tissue age, sex and subject age were minimal confounders. The established Raman database in the cortical compartments complements the previously published one in cancellous bone, and provides healthy baseline bone quality indices that may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations due to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
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Biochemical and Mechanical Analysis of Occlusal and Proximal Carious Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122944. [PMID: 36552951 PMCID: PMC9777497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise evaluation of caries excavation endpoint is essential in clinical and laboratory investigations. Caries invasion differentiates dentin into structurally altered layers. This study assessed these changes using Raman spectroscopy and Vickers microhardness. Ten permanent molars with occlusal and proximal carious lesions were assessed and compared at 130 points utilizing four Raman spectroscopic peaks: phosphate v1 at 960 cm-1, amide I (1650 cm-1), amide III (1235 cm-1) and the C-H bond of the pyrrolidine ring (1450 cm-1). The phosphate-to-amide I peak ratio and collagen integrity peak ratio (amide III: C-H bond) of carious zones were calculated and compared in both lesions. The former ratio was correlated to 130 Vickers microhardness indentations through lesions. The caries-infected dentin (CID) exhibited low phosphate peak, but higher amide I, III and C-H bond peaks than other zones in both lesions. The peaks in amide regions (I and III) varied in occlusal versus proximal lesions. A high correlation was found between mineral: matrix peak ratio and equivalent microhardness number within carious lesions, while the collagen integrity peak ratio was applied in proximal lesions only. Raman spectroscopy detected changes in the mineral and matrix contents within different carious zones and regions.
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31
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K, Shane E, Cohen A, Stepan J, Pavo I, Eriksen EF, Taylor KA, Dempster DW. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with teriparatide for 24 months reverts forming bone quality indices to premenopausal healthy control values. Bone 2022; 162:116478. [PMID: 35779845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) therapies are frequently evaluated by bone mineral density (BMD) gains against patients receiving placebo (calcium and vitamin D supplementation, a mild bone turnover-suppressing intervention), which is not equivalent to either healthy or treatment-naive PMOP. The aim of the present observational study was to assess the effects of TPTD treatment in PMOP (20 μg, once daily) at 6 (TPTD 6m; n = 28, age 65 ± 7.3 years), and 24 (TPTD 24m; n = 32, age 67.4 ± 6.15 years) months on bone quality indices at actively forming trabecular surfaces (with fluorescent double labels). Data from the TPTD-treated PMOP patients were compared with those in healthy adult premenopausal women (HC; n = 62, age 40.5 ± 10.6 years), and PMOP receiving placebo (PMOP-PLC; n = 94, age 70.6 ± 4.5 years). Iliac crest biopsies were analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy at three distinct tissue ages: mid-distance between the second label and the bone surface, mid-distance between the two labels, and 1 μm behind the first label. Mineral to matrix ratio (MM), mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC), tissue water (TW), glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), and pyridinoline (Pyd) content were determined. Outcomes were compared by ANCOVA with subject age and tissue age as covariates, and health status as a fixed factor, followed by Sidak's post-hoc testing (significance assigned to p < 0.05). Both TPTD groups increased MM compared to PMOP-PLC. While TPTD 6m had values similar to HC, TPTD 24m had higher values compared to either HC or TPTD 6m. Both TPTD groups had lower MMC values compared to PMOP-PLC and similar to HC. TPTD 6m patients had higher TW content compared to HC, while TPTD 24m had values similar to HC and lower than either PMOP-PLC or TPTD 6m. Both TPTD groups had lower GAG content compared to HC group, while TPTD 6m had higher values compared to PMOP-PLC. Finally, TPTD 6m patients had higher Pyd content compared to HC and lower compared to PMOP-PLC, while TPTD 24m had lower values compared to PMOP-PLC and TPTD 6m, and similar to HC group. The results of the present study indicate that effects of TPTD on forming trabecular bone quality indices depend on treatment duration. At the recommended length of 24 m, TPTD restores bone mineral and organic matrix quality indices (MMC, TW, Pyd content) to premenopausal healthy (HC) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adi Cohen
- Early Onset Osteoporosis Center, Metabolic Bone Diseases Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine 1, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly and Company USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erik F Eriksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Pilestredet Park Specialist Center, Oslo, Norway; The Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David W Dempster
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, New York State Department of Health, West Haverstraw, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Fratzl-Zelman N, Hartmann MA, Gamsjaeger S, Rokidi S, Paschalis EP, Blouin S, Zwerina J. Bone Matrix Mineralization and Response to Burosumab in Adult Patients With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Results From the Phase 3, Single-Arm International Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1665-1678. [PMID: 35775373 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion, renal phosphate wasting, and low 1,25(OH)2 D3 . Adult patients present with osteomalacia, hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions, bone fragility, and pain. Burosumab is a fully human monoclonal FGF23 antibody approved for XLH treatment. UX023-CL304 was an open-label, phase 3 study investigating the effects of burosumab on osteomalacia in adults with XLH, who remained untreated at least 2 years prior enrollment. Here, we present the effect of burosumab on bone material properties. We analyzed transiliac bone biopsy samples from 11 individuals before and after 48 weeks of subcutaneous burosumab treatment (1.0 mg/kg administered every 4 weeks). We used quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) and Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) to assess bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD), mineralized bone volume, properties of the organic matrix, and size of periosteocytic lesions. The outcomes were compared with reference values from healthy adults and with four XLH patients either untreated or treated by conventional therapy. Prior to burosumab, the average mineralization in cancellous bone was lower than in healthy reference. CaLow, the fraction of lowly mineralized matrix, and CaHigh, the fraction of highly mineralized matrix, were both elevated resulting in a broad heterogeneity in mineralization (CaWidth). Burosumab resulted in a decrease of CaHigh toward normal range, whereas CaLow and CaWidth remained elevated. The mineralized bone volume was notably increased (+35.9%). The size of the periosteocytic lesions was variable but lower than in untreated XLH patients. FTIRI indicated decreased enzymatic collagen crosslink ratio heterogeneity. In summary, matrix mineralization in XLH is very heterogeneous. Highly mineralized regions represent old bone packets, probably protected from osteoclastic resorption by osteoid seams. The concomitant decrease of highly mineralized matrix, persistence of lowly mineralized matrix, and increase in mineralized bone volume after burosumab suggest a boost in mineralization of preexisting unmineralized or very lowly mineralized matrix, providing a potential explanation for previously observed improved osteomalacia. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stamatia Rokidi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
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Chronological Age Estimation of Male Occipital Bone Based on FTIR and Raman Microspectroscopy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1729131. [PMID: 36065391 PMCID: PMC9440630 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1729131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in bone tissue have always been an important part of bone research, and age estimation is also of great significance in forensic work. In our study, FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy were combined to explore the structural and chronological age-related changes in the occipital bones of 40 male donors. The FTIR micro-ATR mode not only achieves the comparison of FTIR and Raman efficiency but also provides a new pattern for the joint detection of FTIR and Raman in hard tissue. Statistical analysis and PCA results revealed that the structure had little effect on the FTIR and Raman results. The FTIR and Raman mineral/matrix ratio, carbonate/phosphate ratio, crystallinity, and collagen maturity of the whole showed an increasing trend during maturation, and a significant correlation was found between FTIR and Raman by comparing four outcomes. Furthermore, the results indicated that the cutoff point of the change in the relative proportion of organic matrix and inorganic minerals in males was between 19 and 35 years old, and the changes in the relative proportion of organic matrix and inorganic minerals may play a key role in age estimation. Ultimately, we established age estimation regression models. The FTIR GA-PLS regression model has the best performance and is more suitable for our experiment (RMSECV = 10.405, RMSEP = 9.2654, R2CV = 0.814, and R2Pred = 0.828). Overall, FTIR and Raman combined with chemometrics are an ideal method to estimate chronological age based on age-dependent component changes in male occipital bones. Our experiment provides a proof of concept and potential experimental method for chronological age estimation.
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Cen S, Zhang L, Liu L, Lou Q, Wang C, Huang T. Phosphorylation modification on functional and structural properties of fish gelatin: The effects of phosphate contents. Food Chem 2022; 380:132209. [PMID: 35093657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The gel, rheological and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG) were investigated through phosphorylation with different ratios of sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) (FG:TSPP = 40:0, 40:1, 40:2, 40:4, and 40:6). It showed that phosphorylation modification significantly increased gel strength, textural properties, emulsification, and emulsification stability of FG. The surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence of phosphorylated FG were also significantly increased. Rheological results revealed that the apparent viscosity, melt/gel points, and gel strength of FG were increased by phosphorylation with TSPP, but shortened the gelation time. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) showed that phosphorylation reduced mobility of water in FG. FTIR results indicated that phosphorylation increased the β-sheet/β-turn contents but reduced the random coil contents. This study might provide a new guideline for the exploration of TSPP phosphorylation increased the functional properties of FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Cen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - Lingyue Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China; School of Life Sciences and Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
| | - Qiaoming Lou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China.
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35
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Palmieri E, Cicero C, Orazi N, Mercuri F, Zammit U, Mazzuca C, Orlanducci S. Nanodiamond composites: A new material for the preservation of parchment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palmieri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Cristina Cicero
- Department of Literary, Philosophical and Art History Studies University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Noemi Orazi
- Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Fulvio Mercuri
- Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Ugo Zammit
- Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Orlanducci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
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36
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Eusemann BK, Ulrich R, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Benavides-Reyes C, Dominguez-Gasca N, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Petow S. Bone quality and composition are influenced by egg production, layer line, and estradiol-17ß in laying hens. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:267-282. [PMID: 35261302 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Keel bone fractures are a serious animal welfare problem in laying hens. The aim of the current study was to assess the influence of egg production, estradiol-17ß, and selection for high laying performance on bone quality. Hens of two layer lines differing in laying performance (WLA: 320 eggs per year, G11: 200 eggs per year) were allocated to four treatment groups. Group S received a deslorelin acetate implant that suppressed egg production. Group E received an implant with the sexual steroid estradiol-17ß. Group SE received both implants and group C did not receive any implant. In the 63rd week of age, composition and characteristics of the tibiotarsi were assessed using histological analysis, three-point bending test, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and two-dimensional X-ray diffraction, respectively. Non-egg laying hens showed a higher total bone area and a higher relative amount of cortical bone compared to egg laying hens. Hens of layer line G11 showed a higher relative amount of medullary bone and a higher degree of mineralization of the cortical bone compared to hens of layer line WLA. These differences in bone composition may explain different susceptibility for keel bone fractures in non-egg laying compared to egg laying hens as well as in hens of layer lines differing in laying performance. The effect of exogenous estradiol-17ß on bone parameters varied between the layer lines indicating a genetic influence on bone physiology and the way it can be modulated by hormone substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefanie Petow
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
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Wang ML, Rajpar I, Ruggiero NA, Fertala J, Steplewski A, Beredjiklian PK, Rivlin MR, Chen Y, Feldman GJ, Fertala A, Tomlinson RE. Circulating inflammatory cytokines alter transcriptional activity within fibrotic tissue of Dupuytren's disease patients. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:738-749. [PMID: 33913534 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease is a benign fibroproliferative disorder of the hand that results in disabling digital contractures that impair function and diminish the quality of life. The incidence of this disease has been correlated with chronic inflammatory states, but any direct association between inflammatory cytokines and Dupuytren's disease is not known. We hypothesized that advanced fibroproliferation is associated with increased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. Blood and fibrotic cord tissue were collected preoperatively from patients with severe contracture and control patients. Blood plasma concentrations of known inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using a multiplex immunoassay. Proteins from the cord tissue were analyzed by RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, collagen-rich cords were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that patients exhibited significantly elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12p70, as compared with controls. Similarly, IL-4 and IL-13 were detected significantly more frequently in Dupuytren's disease as compared with control. RNA sequencing revealed 5311 differentially expressed genes and distinct clustering between diseased and control samples. In addition to increased expression of genes associated with fibroproliferation, we also observed upregulation of transcripts activated by inflammatory cytokines, including prolactin inducible protein and keratin intermediate filaments. IL-2, but not TNF-α, was detected in fibrotic cord tissue by immunohistochemistry. Finally, spectroscopic assays revealed a significant reduction of the collagen content and alterations of collagen cross-linking within the Dupuytren's disease tissues. In total, our results illustrate that patients with severe Dupuytren's disease exhibit substantially elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines that may drive fibroproliferation. Clinical Significance: The results from this study establish the basis for a specific cytokine profile that may be useful for diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention in Dupuytren's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hand Surgery, The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibtesam Rajpar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ruggiero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hand Surgery, The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael R Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hand Surgery, The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - George J Feldman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Oravec D, Kim W, Flynn MJ, Yeni YN. The Relationship of Whole Human Vertebral Body Creep to Bone Density and Texture via Clinically Available Imaging Modalities. J Biomech 2022; 135:111021. [PMID: 35245836 PMCID: PMC9064953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Creep deformation of human vertebrae accumulates under physiological levels of load and is understood to contribute to the progression toward clinically observable vertebral fracture. However, little information is available in terms of clinically measurable predictors of creep behavior in human vertebrae. In this study, creep tests were performed on 22 human cadaveric T12 vertebrae (13 male, 9 female; age 41-90). Areal and volumetric bone density parameters were measured from the same specimens using dual x-ray absorptiometry and high resolution computed tomography. Image textural analyses (which probe the organization of image intensities within the cancellous bone in low resolution clinical imaging) were performed using digital tomosynthesis (DTS) images. Multiple regression models were constructed to examine the relationship between creep properties and bone density and DTS image textural parameters. For the standard clinical imaging configuration, models including DTS derived image textural parameters alone were generally more explanatory (adjusted R2: 0.14-0.68) than those with bone density parameters forced in the models (adjusted R2: 0.17-0.61). Metrics of textural heterogeneity and anisotropy presented as the most explanatory imaging markers for creep deformation and recovery from creep. These metrics of image texture may help provide, independent from bone mass, important clinically measurable indicators of the time dependent deformation of human vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oravec
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Woong Kim
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Flynn
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yener N Yeni
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Tong X, Turunen MJ, Burton IS, Kröger H. Generalized Uncoupled Bone Remodeling Associated With Delayed Healing of Fatigue Fractures. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10598. [PMID: 35309868 PMCID: PMC8914151 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue fractures in bones are common injuries with load‐bearing activities, during which the remodeling aimed at removing microdamage has been suggested to play a role in increasing related fracture risk. Much attention has been given to the uncoupling between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic osteogenesis in fatigue fracture cases; however, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of impaired fracture healing are yet unknown. Here we report multiple fatigue fractures in a physically active woman receiving contraceptive pills for years. Her fracture healing was remarkably slow, although she has been otherwise healthy. The patient underwent bone biopsy of the iliac crest that showed remarkable peritrabecular fibrosis with increased osteoclastic bone resorption combined with relatively low bone formation. Analysis of bone biochemical composition revealed a more complex picture: First, notable declines in bone mineral content–based parameters indicating abnormal mineralization were evident in both cancellous and cortical bone. Second, there was elevation in mineral crystal size, perfection, and collagen maturity in her bone tissues from different anatomical sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing generalized uncoupling in bone remodeling, increased peritrabecular fibrosis, and bone compositional changes associated with delayed healing of fatigue fractures. These results may explain delayed healing of fatigue and stress fractures. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tong
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), Clinical Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Inari S Burton
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), Clinical Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), Clinical Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
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Reis M, Alania Y, Leme-Kraus A, Free R, Joester D, Ma W, Irving T, Bedran-Russo AK. The stoic tooth root: how the mineral and extracellular matrix counterbalance to keep aged dentin stable. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:351-360. [PMID: 34740855 PMCID: PMC8815755 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process with profound impact on the biology and function of biosystems, including the human dentition. While resilient, human teeth undergo wear and disease, affecting overall physical, psychological, and social human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of tooth aging remain largely unknown. Root dentin is integral to tooth function in that it anchors and dissipates mechanical load stresses of the tooth-bone system. Here, we assess the viscoelastic behavior, composition, and ultrastructure of young and old root dentin using nano-dynamic mechanical analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, atomic force and transmission electron microscopies. We find that the root dentin overall stiffness increases with age. Unlike other mineralized tissues and even coronal dentin, however, the ability of root dentin to dissipate energy during deformation does not decay with age. Using a deconstruction method to dissect the contribution of mineral and organic matrix, we find that the damping factor of the organic matrix does deteriorate. Compositional and ultrastructural analyses revealed higher mineral-to-matrix ratio, altered enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking, increased collagen d-spacing and fibril diameter, and decreased abundance of proteoglycans and sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycans . Therefore, even in the absence of remodeling, the extracellular matrix of root dentin shares traits of aging with other tissues. To explain this discrepancy, we propose that altered matrix-mineral interactions, possibly mediated by carbonate ions sequestered at the mineral interface and/or altered glycosaminoglycans counteract the deleterious effects of aging on the structural components of the extracellular matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Globally, a quarter of the population will be over 65 years old by 2050. Because many will retain their dentition, it will become increasingly important to understand and manage how aging affects teeth. Dentin is integral to the protective, biomechanical, and regenerative features of teeth. Here, we demonstrate that older root dentin not only has altered mechanical properties, but shows characteristic shifts in mineralization, composition, and post-translational modifications of the matrix. This strongly suggests that there is a mechanistic link between mineral and matrix components to the biomechanical performance of aging dentin with implications for efforts to slow or even reverse the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yvette Alania
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariene Leme-Kraus
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Free
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology. Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Irving
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology. Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana K. Bedran-Russo
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used to analyze the physiochemical properties of bone because it is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation. With over two decades of research involving measurements of mineral-to-matrix ratio, type-B carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and other compositional characteristics of the bone matrix by RS, there are multiple methods to acquire Raman signals from bone, to process those signals, and to determine peak ratios including sub-peak ratios as well as the full-width at half maximum of the most prominent Raman peak, which is nu1 phosphate (ν1PO4). Selecting which methods to use is not always clear. Herein, we describe the components of RS instruments and how they influence the quality of Raman spectra acquired from bone because signal-to-noise of the acquisition and the accompanying background fluorescence dictate the pre-processing of the Raman spectra. We also describe common methods and challenges in preparing acquired spectra for the determination of matrix properties of bone. This article also serves to provide guidance for the analysis of bone by RS with examples of how methods for pre-processing the Raman signals and for determining properties of bone composition affect RS sensitivity to potential differences between experimental groups. Attention is also given to deconvolution methods that are used to ascertain sub-peak ratios of the amide I band as a way to assess characteristics of collagen type I. We provide suggestions and recommendations on the application of RS to bone with the goal of improving reproducibility across studies and solidify RS as a valuable technique in the field of bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Dong C, Qiao F, Chen G, Lv Y. Demineralized and decellularized bone extracellular matrix-incorporated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6881-6894. [PMID: 34612335 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based materials have been employed as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, providing a suitable microenvironment with biophysical and biochemical cues for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. In this study, bone-derived ECM (bECM)-incorporated electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (bECM/PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared and their effects on osteogenesis were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the bECM/PCL scaffolds promoted the attachment, spreading, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), mitigated the foreign-body reaction, and facilitated bone regeneration in a rat calvarial critical size defect model. Thus, this study suggests that bECM can provide a promising option for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Dong
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
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Steplewski A, Fertala J, Tomlinson RE, Wang ML, Donahue A, Arnold WV, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud JA, Namdari S, Fertala A. Mechanisms of reducing joint stiffness by blocking collagen fibrillogenesis in a rabbit model of posttraumatic arthrofibrosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257147. [PMID: 34492074 PMCID: PMC8423260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic fibrotic scarring is a significant medical problem that alters the proper functioning of injured tissues. Current methods to reduce posttraumatic fibrosis rely on anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agents with broad intracellular targets. As a result, their use is not fully effective and may cause unwanted side effects. Our group previously demonstrated that extracellular collagen fibrillogenesis is a valid and specific target to reduce collagen-rich scar buildup. Our previous studies showed that a rationally designed antibody that binds the C-terminal telopeptide of the α2(I) chain involved in the aggregation of collagen molecules limits fibril assembly in vitro and reduces scar formation in vivo. Here, we have utilized a clinically relevant arthrofibrosis model to study the broad mechanisms of the anti-scarring activity of this antibody. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of targeting collagen fibril formation on the quality of healed joint tissues, including the posterior capsule, patellar tendon, and subchondral bone. Our results show that blocking collagen fibrillogenesis not only reduces collagen content in the scar, but also accelerates the remodeling of healing tissues and changes the collagen fibrils’ cross-linking. In total, this study demonstrated that targeting collagen fibrillogenesis to limit arthrofibrosis affects neither the quality of healing of the joint tissues nor disturbs vital tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan E. Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Allison Donahue
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William V. Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pedro K. Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Surena Namdari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Collagen Bioinks for Bioprinting: A Systematic Review of Hydrogel Properties, Bioprinting Parameters, Protocols, and Bioprinted Structure Characteristics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091137. [PMID: 34572322 PMCID: PMC8468019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is a modern tool suitable for creating cell scaffolds and tissue or organ carriers from polymers that mimic tissue properties and create a natural environment for cell development. A wide range of polymers, both natural and synthetic, are used, including extracellular matrix and collagen-based polymers. Bioprinting technologies, based on syringe deposition or laser technologies, are optimal tools for creating precise constructs precisely from the combination of collagen hydrogel and cells. This review describes the different stages of bioprinting, from the extraction of collagen hydrogels and bioink preparation, over the parameters of the printing itself, to the final testing of the constructs. This study mainly focuses on the use of physically crosslinked high-concentrated collagen hydrogels, which represents the optimal way to create a biocompatible 3D construct with sufficient stiffness. The cell viability in these gels is mainly influenced by the composition of the bioink and the parameters of the bioprinting process itself (temperature, pressure, cell density, etc.). In addition, a detailed table is included that lists the bioprinting parameters and composition of custom bioinks from current studies focusing on printing collagen gels without the addition of other polymers. Last but not least, our work also tries to refute the often-mentioned fact that highly concentrated collagen hydrogel is not suitable for 3D bioprinting and cell growth and development.
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Luna M, Guss JD, Vasquez-Bolanos LS, Castaneda M, Rojas MV, Strong JM, Alabi DA, Dornevil SD, Nixon JC, Taylor EA, Donnelly E, Fu X, Shea MK, Booth SL, Bicalho R, Hernandez CJ. Components of the Gut Microbiome That Influence Bone Tissue-Level Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1823-1834. [PMID: 33999456 PMCID: PMC8793322 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modifications to the constituents of the gut microbiome influence bone density and tissue-level strength, but the specific microbial components that influence tissue-level strength in bone are not known. Here, we selectively modify constituents of the gut microbiota using narrow-spectrum antibiotics to identify components of the microbiome associated with changes in bone mechanical and material properties. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks) were divided into seven groups (n = 7-10/group) and had taxa within the gut microbiome removed through dosing with: (i) ampicillin; (ii) neomycin; (iii) vancomycin; (iv) metronidazole; (v) a cocktail of all four antibiotics together (with zero-calorie sweetener to ensure intake); (vi) zero-calorie sweetener only; or (vii) no additive (untreated) for 12 weeks. Individual antibiotics remove only some taxa from the gut, while the cocktail of all four removes almost all microbes. After accounting for differences in geometry, whole bone strength was reduced in animals with gut microbiome modified by neomycin (-28%, p = 0.002) and was increased in the group in which the gut microbiome was altered by sweetener alone (+39%, p < 0.001). Analysis of the fecal microbiota detected seven lower-ranked taxa differentially abundant in animals with impaired tissue-level strength and 14 differentially abundant taxa associated with increased tissue-level strength. Histological and serum markers of bone turnover and trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) did not differ among groups. These findings demonstrate that modifications to the taxonomic components of the gut microbiome have the potential to decrease or increase tissue-level strength of bone independent of bone quantity and without noticeable changes in bone turnover. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marysol Luna
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Guss
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Macy Castaneda
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Vargas Rojas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jasmin M Strong
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Denise A Alabi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie D Dornevil
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jacob C Nixon
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kyla Shea
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Bicalho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Enrich-Essvein T, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Álvarez-Lloret P, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, Bolaños-Carmona MV, González-López S. Proanthocyanidin-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as dentin biomodifier. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1437-1445. [PMID: 34353622 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the potential combined effects of nanohydroxyapatite and proanthocyanidin on the remineralization and collagen stabilization of demineralized dentin. METHODS Seventy-five coronal dentin beams (6 × 1 × 1 mm3) were randomly allocated into five experimental groups (n = 15): Sound (no treatment), Control (pH-cycling), nHAp (nanohydroxyapatite), nHAp_PA (Proanthocyanidin-functionalized nanohydroxyapatite), and PA (proanthocyanidin) treatments. The sound group (negative control) were immersed in distilled water over the experimental period. The remaining groups were submitted to a pH-cycling process for 14 days. Following the de-re mineralization process, specimens corresponding to the control group (positive control) were immersed in distilled water whereas the test groups were immersed in 1 mL of respective solution treatment (nHAp, nHAp_PA, or PA) for 1 min. The dentin samples were analyzed to determine their chemical composition (ATR-FTIR and Thermogravimetric) and mineralogical (XRD) characteristics as well as their mechanical response, obtained by three-point bending test. RESULTS Higher phosphate content (v4 PO4: ATR-FTIR) and amount of mineral (XRD) was observed in the nHAp_PA group. Furthermore, a larger induction of collagen cross-links (ATR-FTIR) and %Organic Matter (TGA) would indicate the PA incorporation and the achievement of dentin matrix stability. These effects on dentin properties were related to increasing flexural strength (MPa), demonstrating that 15% w/v nHAp_PA treatment improved the mechanical properties of the samples. SIGNIFICANCE nHAp_PA shows significant potential for promoting remineralization while improving collagen stability into demineralized dentin in a clinically feasible period of 1 min.
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Anastasiadis K, Verdelis K, Eliades G. The effect of universal adhesives on dentine collagen. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1316-1324. [PMID: 34144794 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the integrity of dentine type I collagen after self-etching (SE) treatments with strong and mild universal adhesives. METHODS Coronal dentine specimens (n=10/product) were imaged by optical microscopy and analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy before and after treatment with 32% phosphoric acid gel (PA-negative control), 17% neutral EDTA (ED-positive control) conditioners and Adhese Universal (AD), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CQ), G-Premio Bond (GP), Prelude One (PR) and Scotchbond Universal (SB) adhesives. From the spectroscopic analysis the following parameters were determined: a) Extent of dentine demineralization (DM%) and b) percentage area of the Amide I curve-fitted components of β-turns, 310-helix/β-turns, α-helix, random coils, β-sheets and collagen maturation (R) index. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA (DM%), paired t-test/Wilcoxon test (Amide I components) and Spearman correlation coefficient (DM% vs Amide I components) at an a=0.05 level. RESULTS PA, ED and GP removed the smear-layer and opened tubule orifices, whereas all other treatments removed only the intratubular smear-layer fraction. The ranking of the statistically significant differences in DM% was PA>GP>ED>AD, SB, CQ, PR, with AD being significantly different from PR. Regarding the Amide I components, PA demonstrated a significant reduction in β-turns, α-helices and an increase in β-sheets, GP a reduction in β-turns, AD an increase in β-turns and random coils, and CQ an increase in β-turns. PR, SB and ED showed insignificant differences in all the Amide I components. Significant correlations were found between DM%-random coils and DM%-R. SIGNIFICANCE The universal adhesives used in the SE mode induced none to minimal changes in dentine collagen structure, without evidence of the destabilization pattern observed after conventional phosphoric acid treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Anastasiadis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Verdelis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Eliades
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Farlay D, Rizzo S, Ste-Marie LG, Michou L, Morin SN, Qiu S, Chavassieux P, Chapurlat RD, Rao SD, Brown JP, Boivin G. Duration-Dependent Increase of Human Bone Matrix Mineralization in Long-Term Bisphosphonate Users with Atypical Femur Fracture. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1031-1041. [PMID: 33434290 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis but prolonged use of BPs might increase the risk of atypical femur fracture (AFF). There are only a few studies that address the bone material quality in patients on long-term BP treatment with or without AFFs. We analyzed 52 trans-iliac bone biopsies from patients on long-term BP therapy with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) AFF. At the microscopic level, the degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) was assessed on whole bone by X-ray digitized microradiography while microhardness by Vickers microindentation, and bone matrix characteristics by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) (mineral/organic ratio, mineral maturity and crystallinity, and collagen maturity) were measured at random focal areas. The AFF patients were treated longer than non-AFF patients (9.7 ± 3.3 years versus 7.9 ± 2.7 years). As expected, bone remodeling was low in both groups, without difference between them. The AFF group had significantly higher DMB in cortical bone (+2.9%, p = .001), which remained so after adjusting for treatment duration (p = .007), and showed a trend in cancellous bone (+1.6%, p = .05). Consistent with higher DMB, heterogeneity index (HI) was lower in the AFF than in the non-AFF group, illustrating lower heterogeneity of mineralization in the AFF group. A significant positive correlation between the duration of treatment and DMB in cortical bone was found in AFF, and not in the non-AFF group. Microhardness and bone matrix characteristics were similar between groups. We conclude that the AFF group had a duration-dependent increase in DMB leading to a significantly higher DMB than the non-AFF. Because BPs have high affinity to bone mineral and lining the walls of the osteocyte lacunae, the accumulation of matrix-bound BPs in AFF could lead to inhibition of the osteocyte cytoskeleton blunting their response to mechanical strains, a hypothesis to be further investigated. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Farlay
- INSERM, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Rizzo
- INSERM, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laëtitia Michou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Shijing Qiu
- Bone & Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pascale Chavassieux
- INSERM, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roland D Chapurlat
- INSERM, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sudhaker D Rao
- Bone & Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Georges Boivin
- INSERM, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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James DS, Brereton CJ, Davies DE, Jones MG, Campagnola PJ. Examining lysyl oxidase-like modulation of collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210062R. [PMID: 34145800 PMCID: PMC8212879 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients have a poor prognosis with short lifespan following diagnosis as there are limited effective treatment options. Despite matrix stiffening being the hallmark of the disease there remains a lack of knowledge surrounding the underlying collagen alterations in the disease. Specifically, while increased collagen crosslinking has been implicated, the resulting effects on collagen macro/supramolecular changes have not been explored. AIM We sought to determine if second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy could characterize differences in the collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of IPF grown under different crosslinking modulation conditions (promotion and inhibition). APPROACH We used SHG metrics based on the fiber morphology, relative SHG brightness, and macro/supramolecular structure by SHG polarization analyses to compare the structure of the IPF spheroids. RESULTS Comparison of the fiber morphology of the spheroids showed that the control group had the longest, straightest, and thickest fibers. The spheroids with crosslink enhancement and inhibition had the highest and lowest SHG conversion efficiencies, respectively, consistent with the resulting harmonophore density. SHG polarization analyses showed that the peptide pitch angle, alignment of collagen molecules, and overall chirality were altered upon crosslink modulation and were also consistent with reduced organization relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS While no single SHG signature is associated with crosslinking, we show that the suite of metrics used here is effective in delineating alterations across the collagen architecture sizescales. The results largely mirror those of human tissues and demonstrate that the combination of 3D spheroid models and SHG analysis is a powerful approach for hypothesis testing the roles of operative cellular and molecular factors in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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McPhee S, Groetsch A, Shephard JD, Wolfram U. Heat impact during laser ablation extraction of mineralised tissue micropillars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11007. [PMID: 34040009 PMCID: PMC8155055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying constraint of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation in both the clinical and micromachining setting is the uncertainty regarding the impact on the composition of material surrounding the ablated region. A heat model representing the laser-tissue interaction was implemented into a finite element suite to assess the cumulative temperature response of bone during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation. As an example, we focus on the extraction of mineralised collagen fibre micropillars. Laser induced heating can cause denaturation of the collagen, resulting in ultrastructural loss which could affect mechanical testing results. Laser parameters were taken from a used micropillar extraction protocol. The laser scanning pattern consisted of 4085 pulses, with a final radial pass being 22 [Formula: see text] away from the micropillar. The micropillar temperature was elevated to 70.58 [Formula: see text], remaining 79.42 [Formula: see text] lower than that of which we interpret as an onset for denaturation. We verified the results by means of Raman microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis and found the laser-material interaction had no effect on the collagen molecules or mineral nanocrystals that constitute the micropillars. We, thus, show that ultrashort pulsed laser ablation is a safe and viable tool to fabricate bone specimens for mechanical testing at the micro- and nanoscale and we provide a computational model to efficiently assess this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel McPhee
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Shephard
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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