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Reis AB, Oliveira MSD, Souza DDS, Gomes DS, Silva LLD, Martínez LC, Serrão JE. Exploring the effects of the acaricide cyflumetofen on the vital organs of the honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172640. [PMID: 38670351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bees are important for maintaining ecosystems, pollinating crops and producing marketable products. In recent years, a decline in bee populations has been reported, with multifactorial causes, including the intensification of pesticide use in agriculture. Among pesticides, cyflumetofen is an insecticide and acaricide used in apple, coffee and citrus crops, whose main pollinator is the honey bee Apis mellifera. Therefore, this bee is a potential target of cyflumetofen during foraging. This study evaluated the histopathological and cytological damage in the midgut, hypopharyngeal glands and fat body of A. mellifera workers exposed to LC50 of cyflumetofen. The midgut epithelium of exposed bees presented cytoplasmic vacuolization, release of vesicles and cell fragments, which indicate autophagy, increased production of digestive enzymes and cell death, respectively. The cytological analysis of the midgut revealed the dilation of the basal labyrinth and the presence of spherocrystals in the digestive cells. The hypopharyngeal glands produced greater amounts of secretion in treated bees, whereas no changes were observed in the fat body. The results indicate that acute exposure to cyflumetofen negatively affect A. mellifera, causing damage to the midgut and changes in the hypopharyngeal glands, which may compromise the survival and foraging of this pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Beatriz Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Diego Dos Santos Souza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Davy Soares Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laryssa Lemos da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad de Nariño, 602-7244309 Pasto, Nariño, Colombia.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Lu X, Jiang Z, Xu H, Zhang X, Lin Y, Pan S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Duan H, Yang X, Ling Y. Rational Design of Triazinone Derivatives with Low Bee Toxicity Based on the Binding Mechanism of Neonicotinoids to Apis mellifera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12956-12966. [PMID: 38820064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Bees, one of the most vital pollinators in the ecosystem and agriculture, are currently threatened by neonicotinoids. To explore the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid toxicity to bees, the different binding modes of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and flupyradifurone with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α1β1 and cytochrome P450 9Q3 (CYP9Q3) were studied using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. These mechanisms provided a basis for the design of compounds with a potential low bee toxicity. Consequently, we designed and synthesized a series of triazinone derivatives and assessed their bioassays. Among them, compound 5a not only displayed substantially insecticidal activities against Aphis glycines (LC50 = 4.40 mg/L) and Myzus persicae (LC50 = 6.44 mg/L) but also had low toxicity to Apis mellifera. Two-electrode voltage clamp recordings further confirmed that compound 5a interacted with the M. persicae nAChR α1 subunit but not with the A. mellifera nAChR α1 subunit. This work provides a paradigm for applying molecular toxic mechanisms to the design of compounds with low bee toxicity, thereby aiding the future rational design of eco-friendly nicotinic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Lu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyang Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufan Lin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shixiang Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinliang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhou C, Kong Y, Zhang H, Zhai N, Li Z, Qian X, Liu Z, Cheng J. Computational Modeling Oriented Substructure Splicing Application in the Identification of Thiazolidine Derivatives as Potential Low Honeybee Toxic Neonicotinoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11968-11979. [PMID: 38759145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying novel neonicotinoid insecticides with low bee toxicity, a series of compounds bearing thiazolidine moiety, which has been shown to be low bee toxic, were rationally designed through substructure splicing strategy and evaluated insecticidal activities. The optimal compounds A24 and A29 exhibited LC50 values of 30.01 and 17.08 mg/L against Aphis craccivora, respectively. Electrophysiological studies performed on Xenopus oocytes indicated that compound A29 acted on insect nAChR, with EC50 value of 50.11 μM. Docking binding mode analysis demonstrated that A29 bound to Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein through H-bonds with the residues of D_Arg55, D_Leu102, and D_Val114. Quantum mechanics calculation showed that A29 had a higher highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) energy and lower vertical ionization potential (IP) value compared to the high bee toxic imidacloprid, showing potentially low bee toxicity. Bee toxicity predictive model also indicated that A29 was nontoxic to honeybees. Our present work identified an innovative insecticidal scaffold and might facilitate the further exploration of low bee toxic neonicotinoid insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yijin Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Lin Z, Shen S, Wang K, Ji T. Biotic and abiotic stresses on honeybee health. Integr Zool 2024; 19:442-457. [PMID: 37427560 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable agriculture. Amidst a backdrop of rapid global change, this eusocial insect encounters a succession of stressors during nesting, foraging, and pollination. Ectoparasitic mites, together with vectored viruses, have been recognized as central biotic threats to honeybee health, while the spread of invasive giant hornets and small hive beetles also increasingly threatens colonies worldwide. Cocktails of agrochemicals, including acaricides used for mite treatment, and other pollutants of the environment have been widely documented to affect bee health in various ways. Additionally, expanding urbanization, climate change, and agricultural intensification often result in the destruction or fragmentation of flower-rich bee habitats. The anthropogenic pressures exerted by beekeeping management practices affect the natural selection and evolution of honeybees, and colony translocations facilitate alien species invasion and disease transmission. In this review, the multiple biotic and abiotic threats and their interactions that potentially undermine bee colony health are discussed, while taking into consideration the sensitivity, large foraging area, dense network among related nestmates, and social behaviors of honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheguang Lin
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Shen
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pereira RC, Vieira Júnior JOL, Barcelos JVPL, Peçanha LS, França TA, Mendonça LVP, da Silva WR, Samuels RI, Silva GA. The stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is at risk from a range of insecticides via direct ingestion and trophallactic exchanges. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2188-2198. [PMID: 38158650 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stingless bee, Trigona spinipes, is an important pollinator of numerous native and cultivated plants. Trigona spinipes populations can be negatively impacted by insecticides commonly used for pest control in crops. However, this species has been neglected in toxicological studies. Here we observed the effects of seven insecticides on the survival of bees that had fed directly on insecticide-contaminated food sources or received insecticides via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates. The effects of insecticides on flight behavior were also determined for the compounds considered to be of low toxicity. RESULTS Imidacloprid, spinosad and malathion were categorized as highly toxic to T. spinipes, whereas lambda-cyhalothrin, methomyl and chlorfenapyr were of medium to low toxicity and interfered with two aspects of flight behavior evaluated here. Chlorantraniliprole was the only insecticide tested here that had no significant effect on T. spinipes survival, although it did interfere with one aspect of flight capacity. A single bee that had ingested malathion, spinosad or imidacloprid, could contaminate three, four and nineteen other bees, respectively via trophallaxis, resulting in the death of the recipients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the ecotoxicology of a range of insecticides that not only negatively affected T. spinipes survival, but also interfered with flight capacity, a very important aspect of pollination behavior. The toxicity of the insecticides was observed following direct ingestion and also via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates, highlighting the possibility of lethal effects of these insecticides spreading throughout the colony, reducing the survival of non-foraging individuals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cunha Pereira
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Olívio Lopes Vieira Júnior
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ludimila Simões Peçanha
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thalles Alves França
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís Viana Paes Mendonça
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Rosa da Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard Ian Samuels
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerson Adriano Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kong Y, Zhou C, Tan D, Xu X, Li Z, Cheng J. Discovery of Potential Neonicotinoid Insecticides by an Artificial Intelligence Generative Model and Structure-Based Virtual Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5145-5152. [PMID: 38419506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The identification of neonicotinoid insecticides bearing novel scaffolds is of great importance for pesticide discovery. Here, artificial intelligence-based tools and virtual screening strategy were integrated to discover potential leads of neonicotinoid insecticides. A deep generative model was successfully constructed using a recurrent neural network combined with transfer learning. The model evaluation showed that the pretrained model could accurately grasp the SMILES grammar of drug-like molecules and generate potential neonicotinoid compounds after transfer learning. The generated molecules were evaluated by hierarchical virtual screening, hits were subjected to a similarity search, and the most similar structures were purchased for the bioassay. Compounds A2 and A5 displayed 52.5 and 50.3% mortality rates against Aphis craccivora at 100 mg/L, respectively. The docking study indicated that these two compounds have similar binding modes to neonicotinoids, which were verified by further molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Du Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Papp M, Tóth AG, Békési L, Farkas R, Makrai L, Maróti G, Solymosi N. Apis mellifera filamentous virus from a honey bee gut microbiome survey in Hungary. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5803. [PMID: 38461199 PMCID: PMC10924886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In Hungary, as part of a nationwide, climatically balanced survey for a next-generation sequencing-based study of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiome, repeated sampling was carried out during the honey production season (March and May 2019). Among other findings, the presence of Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) was detected in all samples, some at very high levels. AmFV-derived reads were more abundant in the March samples than in the May samples. In March, a higher abundance of AmFV-originated reads was identified in samples collected from warmer areas compared to those collected from cooler areas. A lower proportion of AmFV-derived reads were identified in samples collected in March from the wetter areas than those collected from the drier areas. AmFV-read abundance in samples collected in May showed no significant differences between groups based on either environmental temperature or precipitation. The AmFV abundance correlated negatively with Bartonella apihabitans, Bartonella choladocola, and positively with Frischella perrara, Gilliamella apicola, Gilliamella sp. ESL0443, Lactobacillus apis, Lactobacillus kullabergensis, Lactobacillus sp. IBH004. De novo metagenome assembly of four samples resulted in almost the complete AmFV genome. According to phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase, the Hungarian strains are closest to the strain CH-05 isolated in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Papp
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Gréta Tóth
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - László Békési
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | | | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, HUN-REN, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Faculty of Water Sciences, University of Public Service, Baja, 6500, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
- Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Lamas ZS, Krichton M, Ryabov EV, Hawthorne DJ, Evans JD. Susceptible and infectious states for both vector and host in a dynamic pathogen-vector-host system. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232293. [PMID: 38196351 PMCID: PMC10777147 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a resurgent insect pathogen of honeybees that is efficiently transmitted by vectors and through host social contact. Continual transmission of DWV between hosts and vectors is required to maintain the pathogen within the population, and this vector-host-pathogen system offers unique disease transmission dynamics for pathogen maintenance between vectors and a social host. In a series of experiments, we measured vector-vector, host-host and host-vector transmission routes and show how these maintain DWV in honeybee populations. We found co-infestations on shared hosts allowed for movement of DWV from mite to mite. Additionally, two social behaviours of the honeybee, trophallaxis and cannibalization of pupae, provide routes for horizontal transmission from bee to bee. Circulation of the virus solely among hosts through communicable modes provides a reservoir of DWV for naïve Varroa to acquire and subsequently vector the pathogen. Our findings illustrate the importance of community transmission between hosts and vector transmission. We use these results to highlight the key avenues used by DWV during maintenance and infection and point to similarities with a handful of other infectious diseases of zoonotic and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Lamas
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville 06415, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-5031, MD, USA
| | - Maiya Krichton
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville 06415, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-5031, MD, USA
| | - Eugene V. Ryabov
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville 06415, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-5031, MD, USA
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - David J. Hawthorne
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-5031, MD, USA
| | - Jay D. Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville 06415, MD, USA
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Zhang W, Sun C, Lang H, Wang J, Li X, Guo J, Zhang Z, Zheng H. Toll receptor ligand Spätzle 4 responses to the highly pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis from Varroa mites in honeybees. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011897. [PMID: 38150483 PMCID: PMC10775982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees play a major role in crop pollination, which supports the agricultural economy and international food supply. The colony health of honeybees is threatened by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, which inflicts physical injury on the hosts and serves as the vector for variable viruses. Recently, it shows that V. destructor may also transmit bacteria through the feeding wound, yet it remains unclear whether the invading bacteria can exhibit pathogenicity to the honeybees. Here, we incidentally isolate Enterococcus faecalis, one of the most abundant bacteria in Varroa mites, from dead bees during our routine generation of microbiota-free bees in the lab. In vivo tests show that E. faecalis is only pathogenic in Apis mellifera but not in Apis cerana. The expression of antimicrobial peptide genes is elevated following infection in A. cerana. The gene-based molecular evolution analysis identifies positive selection of genes encoding Späetzle 4 (Spz4) in A. cerana, a signaling protein in the Toll pathway. The amino acid sites under positive selection are related to structural changes in Spz4 protein, suggesting improvement of immunity in A. cerana. The knock-down of Spz4 in A. cerana significantly reduces the survival rates under E. faecalis challenge and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Our results indicate that bacteria associated with Varroa mites are pathogenic to adult bees, and the positively selected gene Spz4 in A. cerana is crucial in response to this mite-related pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Lang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieni Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang F, Cao W, Zhang Y, Luo J, Hou J, Chen L, Yi G, Li H, Huang M, Dong L, Li X. S-dinotefuran affects the social behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera)and increases their risk in the colony. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105594. [PMID: 37945244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honeybees is a global concern, whereas little is known about the effect of stereoisomeric pesticides among honeybee social behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of stereoisomeric dinotefuran on honeybee social behavior. We found that honeybees exhibit a preference for consuming food containing S-dinotefuran, actively engage in trophallaxis with S-dinotefuran-consuming peers, and consequently acquire higher levels of S-dinotefuran compared with R-dinotefuran. In comparison to R-dinotefuran, S-dinotefuran stimulates honeybees to elevate their body temperature, thereby attracting more peers for trophallaxis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant enrichment of thermogenesis pathways due to S-dinotefuran exposure. Additionally, metabolome data indicated that S-dinotefuran may enhance body temperature by promoting lipid synthesis in the lysine degradation pathway. Consequently, body temperature emerges as a key factor influencing honeybee social behavior. Our study is the first to highlight the propensity of S-dinotefuran to raise honeybee body temperature, which prompts honeybee to preferentially engage in trophallaxis with peers exhibiting higher body temperatures. This preference may lead honeybees to collect more dinotefuran-contaminated food in the wild, significantly accelerating dinotefuran transmission within a population. Proactive trophallaxis further amplifies the risk of neonicotinoid pesticide transmission within a population, making honeybees that have consumed S-dinotefuran particularly favored within their colonies. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the higher risk associated with neonicotinoid use compared with other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiangan Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lichao Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Mingfeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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11
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Elzinga DC, Strickland WC. Generalized Stressors on Hive and Forager Bee Colonies. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:112. [PMID: 37823943 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Hive-forming bees play an integral role in promoting agricultural sustainability and ecosystem preservation. The recent worldwide decline of several species of bees, and in particular, the honeybee in the United States, highlights the value in understanding possible causes. Over the past decade, numerous mathematical models and empirical experiments have worked to understand the causes of colony stress, with a particular focus on colony collapse disorder. We integrate and enhance major mathematical models of the past decade to create a single, analytically tractable model using a traditional disease modeling framework that incorporates both lethal and sublethal stressors. On top of this synthesis, a major innovation of our model is the generalization of stressor attributes including their transmissibility, impairment level, lethality, duration, and temporal-occurrence. Our model is validated against numerous emergent, biological characteristics and demonstrates that precocious foraging and labor destabilization can produce colony collapse disorder. The thresholds for these phenomena to occur depend on the characteristics and timing of the stressor, thus motivating further empirical and theoretical studies into stressor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Elzinga
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA.
| | - W Christopher Strickland
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
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12
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Nemoto K, Takikawa H, Ogura Y. Syntheses of (+)-costic acid and structurally related eudesmane sesquiterpenoids and their biological evaluations as acaricidal agents against Varroa destructor. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2023; 48:111-115. [PMID: 37745169 PMCID: PMC10513954 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of (+)-costic acid, isolated from Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter as a natural acaricidal sesquiterpenoid, was achieved in 16 steps from (R)-carvone with an overall yield of 4.8%, involving the radical cyclization of selenoester to construct a decalone framework as the key step. Other structurally related natural products, (+)-costal, (+)-costol, and (+)-β-selinene, were also synthesized. The acaricidal activities of these four natural products and some synthetic intermediates were also evaluated against Varroa destructor. Among them, (+)-costal especially exhibited potent acaricidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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13
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Kong HG, Son JS, Chung JH, Lee S, Kim JS, Ryu CM. Population Dynamics of Intestinal Enterococcus Modulate Galleria mellonella Metamorphosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0278022. [PMID: 37358445 PMCID: PMC10434003 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02780-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes found in the digestive tracts of insects are known to play an important role in their host's behavior. Although Lepidoptera is one of the most varied insect orders, the link between microbial symbiosis and host development is still poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the role of gut bacteria in metamorphosis. Here, we explored gut microbial biodiversity throughout the life cycle of Galleria mellonella, using amplicon pyrosequencing with the V1 to V3 regions, and found that Enterococcus spp. were abundant in larvae, while Enterobacter spp. were predominant in pupae. Interestingly, eradication of Enterococcus spp. from the digestive system accelerated the larval-to-pupal transition. Furthermore, host transcriptome analysis demonstrated that immune response genes were upregulated in pupae, whereas hormone genes were upregulated in larvae. In particular, regulation of antimicrobial peptide production in the host gut correlated with developmental stage. Certain antimicrobial peptides inhibited the growth of Enterococcus innesii, a dominant bacterial species in the gut of G. mellonella larvae. Our study highlights the importance of gut microbiota dynamics on metamorphosis as a consequence of the active secretion of antimicrobial peptides in the G. mellonella gut. IMPORTANCE First, we demonstrated that the presence of Enterococcus spp. is a driving force for insect metamorphosis. RNA sequencing and peptide production subsequently revealed that antimicrobial peptides targeted against microorganisms in the gut of Galleria mellonella (wax moth) did not kill Enterobacteria species, but did kill Enterococcus species, when the moth was at a certain stage of growth, and this promoted moth pupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Kong
- Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Son
- Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hui Chung
- Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
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14
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Peña-Chora G, Toledo-Hernández E, Sotelo-Leyva C, Damian-Blanco P, Villanueva-Flores AG, Alvarez-Fitz P, Palemón-Alberto F, Ortega-Acosta SÁ. Presence and distribution of pests and diseases of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Mexico: a review. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2023.2182920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Peña-Chora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - E. Toledo-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - C. Sotelo-Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - P. Damian-Blanco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - A. G. Villanueva-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - P. Alvarez-Fitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - F. Palemón-Alberto
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, México
| | - S. Á. Ortega-Acosta
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, México
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15
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Chen J, Rincon JOR, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Fewell J, Harrison J, Kang Y. Impacts of seasonality and parasitism on honey bee population dynamics. J Math Biol 2023; 87:19. [PMID: 37389742 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee plays an extremely important role in ecosystem stability and diversity and in the production of bee pollinated crops. Honey bees and other pollinators are under threat from the combined effects of nutritional stress, parasitism, pesticides, and climate change that impact the timing, duration, and variability of seasonal events. To understand how parasitism and seasonality influence honey bee colonies separately and interactively, we developed a non-autonomous nonlinear honeybee-parasite interaction differential equation model that incorporates seasonality into the egg-laying rate of the queen. Our theoretical results show that parasitism negatively impacts the honey bee population either by decreasing colony size or destabilizing population dynamics through supercritical or subcritical Hopf-bifurcations depending on conditions. Our bifurcation analysis and simulations suggest that seasonality alone may have positive or negative impacts on the survival of honey bee colonies. More specifically, our study indicates that (1) the timing of the maximum egg-laying rate seems to determine when seasonality has positive or negative impacts; and (2) when the period of seasonality is large it can lead to the colony collapsing. Our study further suggests that the synergistic influences of parasitism and seasonality can lead to complicated dynamics that may positively and negatively impact the honey bee colony's survival. Our work partially uncovers the intrinsic effects of climate change and parasites, which potentially provide essential insights into how best to maintain or improve a honey bee colony's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical and Computational Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jordy O Rodriguez Rincon
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical and Computational Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Jennifer Fewell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jon Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yun Kang
- Sciences and Mathematics Faculty, College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA.
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16
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Lin Z, Zhu Z, Zhuang M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Gao F, Niu Q, Ji T. Effects of local domestication warrant attention in honey bee population genetics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7917. [PMID: 37134176 PMCID: PMC10156114 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees, Apis mellifera, have for millennia been managed and exploited by humans and introduced into most suitable regions worldwide. However, given the lack of records for many introduction events, treating A. mellifera populations as native would predictably bias genetic studies regarding origin and evolution. Here, we used the Dongbei bee, a well-documented population, introduced beyond the natural distribution range approximately 100 years ago, to elucidate the effects of local domestication on animal population genetic analyses. Strong domestication pressure was detected in this population, and the genetic divergence between Dongbei bee and its ancestral subspecies was found to have occurred at the lineage level. Results of phylogenetic and time divergence analyses could consequently be misinterpreted. Proposing new subspecies or lineages and performing analyses of origin should thus strive to eliminate anthropogenic effects. We highlight the need for definitions of landrace and breed in honey bee sciences and make preliminary suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheguang Lin
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhongxu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingliang Zhuang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fuchao Gao
- Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157043, China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Apicultural Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Corona M, Branchiccela B, Alburaki M, Palmer-Young EC, Madella S, Chen Y, Evans JD. Decoupling the effects of nutrition, age, and behavioral caste on honey bee physiology, immunity, and colony health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1149840. [PMID: 36994419 PMCID: PMC10040860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1149840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress, especially a dearth of pollen, has been linked to honey bee colony losses. Colony-level experiments are critical for understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional stress affects individual honey bee physiology and pushes honey bee colonies to collapse. In this study, we investigated the impact of pollen restriction on key markers of honey bee physiology, main elements of the immune system, and predominant honey bee viruses. To achieve this objective, we uncoupled the effects of behavior, age, and nutritional conditions using a new colony establishment technique designed to control size, demography, and genetic background. Our results showed that the expression of storage proteins, including vitellogenin (vg) and royal jelly major protein 1 (mrjp1), were significantly associated with nursing, pollen ingestion, and older age. On the other hand, genes involved in hormonal regulation including insulin-like peptides (ilp1 and ilp2) and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (mfe), exhibited higher expression levels in young foragers from colonies not experiencing pollen restriction. In contrast, pollen restriction induced higher levels of insulin-like peptides in old nurses. On the other hand, we found a strong effect of behavior on the expression of all immune genes, with higher expression levels in foragers. In contrast, the effects of nutrition and age were significant only the expression of the regulatory gene dorsal. We also found multiple interactions of the experimental variables on viral titers, including higher Deformed wing virus (DWV) titers associated with foraging and age-related decline. In addition, nutrition significantly affected DWV titers in young nurses, with higher titers induced by pollen ingestion. In contrast, higher levels of Black queen cell virus (BQCV) were associated with pollen restriction. Finally, correlation, PCA, and NMDS analyses proved that behavior had had the strongest effect on gene expression and viral titers, followed by age and nutrition. These analyses also support multiple interactions among genes and virus analyzed, including negative correlations between the expression of genes encoding storage proteins associated with pollen ingestion and nursing (vg and mrjp1) with the expression of immune genes and DWV titers. Our results provide new insights into the proximal mechanisms by which nutritional stress is associated with changes in honey bee physiology, immunity, and viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Corona
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Miguel Corona,
| | - Belen Branchiccela
- Sección Apicultura, Programa de Producción Familiar, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Colonia, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Evan C. Palmer-Young
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Shayne Madella
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jay D. Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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18
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Sukkar D, Laval-Gilly P, Bonnefoy A, Malladi S, Azoury S, Kanso A, Falla-Angel J. Differential Production of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide among Drosophila melanogaster, Apis mellifera, and Mamestra brassicae Immune-Activated Hemocytes after Exposure to Imidacloprid and Amitraz. INSECTS 2023; 14:174. [PMID: 36835742 PMCID: PMC9966094 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates have a diverse immune system that responds differently to stressors such as pesticides and pathogens, which leads to different degrees of susceptibility. Honeybees are facing a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder which is attributed to several factors including pesticides and pathogens. We applied an in vitro approach to assess the response of immune-activated hemocytes from Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster and Mamestra brassicae after exposure to imidacloprid and amitraz. Hemocytes were exposed to the pesticides in single and co-exposures using zymosan A for immune activation. We measured the effect of these exposures on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production from 15 to 120 min and on extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production after 3 h to assess potential alterations in the oxidative response. Our results indicate that NO and H2O2 production is more altered in honeybee hemocytes compared to D. melanogaster and M. brassicae cell lines. There is also a differential production at different time points after pesticide exposure between these insect species as contrasting effects were evident with the oxidative responses in hemocytes. The results imply that imidacloprid and amitraz act differently on the immune response among insect orders and may render honeybee colonies more susceptible to infection and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Sukkar
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Laval-Gilly
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Bonnefoy
- Plateforme de Recherche, Transfert de Technologie et Innovation (PRTI), Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Thionville-Yutz, Université de Lorraine, 57970 Yutz, France
| | - Sandhya Malladi
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sabine Azoury
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Ali Kanso
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Jairo Falla-Angel
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
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19
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The promise of probiotics in honeybee health and disease management. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:73. [PMID: 36705763 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, losses of bee populations have been observed worldwide. A panoply of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the interplay among them, has been suggested to be responsible for bee declines, but definitive causes have not yet been identified. Among pollinators, the honeybee Apis mellifera is threatened by various diseases and environmental stresses, which have been shown to impact the insect gut microbiota that is known to be fundamental for host metabolism, development and immunity. Aimed at preserving the gut homeostasis, many researches are currently focusing on improving the honeybee health through the administration of probiotics e.g., by boosting the innate immune response against microbial infections. Here, we review the knowledge available on the characterization of the microbial diversity associated to honeybees and the use of probiotic symbionts as a promising approach to maintain honeybee fitness, sustaining a healthy gut microbiota and enhancing its crucial relationship with the host immune system.
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20
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Kwon M, Jung C, Kil EJ. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in honey bee colonies ( Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera: Apidae) after mass disappearance in Korea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124596. [PMID: 36761901 PMCID: PMC9905416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After the nationwide, massive winter losses of honey bees in Korea during the winter of 2021, samplings were conducted from live honey bees in colonies and dead honey bees nearby colonies in the same bee-farms in six regions in Korea. Each sample was subjected to virome analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology. The number of viral reads was the lowest in the live honey bee group sample with 370,503 reads and the highest in the dead honey bee group sample with 42,659,622 reads. Viral contigs were matched with the viral genomes of the black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, and sacbrood virus, all of which have been previously reported in Korea. However, Apis rhabdovirus 5, bee macula-like virus, Varroa orthomyxovirus-1, Hubei partiti-like virus 34, Lake Sinai virus 2, 3, and 4, and the Ditton virus, were also discovered in this study, which are the first records in Korea. Plant viral sequences resembling those of Arabidopsis latent virus 1, and a novel viral sequence was also discovered. In the present study 55 complete viral genome sequences were identified. This study is the first virome analysis of domestic honey bees and provides the latest information on the diversity of honey bee viruses in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeok Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Eui-Joon Kil,
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21
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Burciaga RA, Ruiz-Guzmán G, Lanz-Mendoza H, Krams I, Contreras-Garduño J. The honey bees immune memory. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104528. [PMID: 36067906 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates' immune priming or innate immune memory is an analogous response to the vertebrates' adaptive memory. We investigated if honey bees have immune memory. We compared survival and immune response between bees that were: 1) manipulated (Naïve), 2) challenged twice with the same pathogen Escherichia coli (Memory), 3) challenged twice with different pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus versus E. coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus versus E. coli), or 4) with PBS (the diluent of bacteria) versus E. coli (heterologous challenge; Control). Results indicate better survival in the Memory than the Control group, and the Memory group showed a similar survival than Naïve insects. The Memory group had higher lytic activity but lower prophenoloxidase, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte count than the Control and Naïve groups. No differences were found in relative expression of defensin-1. This first demonstration of immune memory opens the questions about its molecular mechanisms and whether, immune memory could be used against natural parasites that affect honey bees, hence, if they could be "vaccinated" against some natural parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aarón Burciaga
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gloria Ruiz-Guzmán
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Indrikis Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia; Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jorge Contreras-Garduño
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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22
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Insolia L, Molinari R, Rogers SR, Williams GR, Chiaromonte F, Calovi M. Honey bee colony loss linked to parasites, pesticides and extreme weather across the United States. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20787. [PMID: 36456591 PMCID: PMC9714769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony loss is a widespread phenomenon with important economic and biological implications, whose drivers are still an open matter of investigation. We contribute to this line of research through a large-scale, multi-variable study combining multiple publicly accessible data sources. Specifically, we analyzed quarterly data covering the contiguous United States for the years 2015-2021, and combined open data on honey bee colony status and stressors, weather data, and land use. The different spatio-temporal resolutions of these data are addressed through an up-scaling approach that generates additional statistical features which capture more complex distributional characteristics and significantly improve modeling performance. Treating this expanded feature set with state-of-the-art feature selection methods, we obtained findings that, nation-wide, are in line with the current knowledge on the aggravating roles of Varroa destructor and pesticides in colony loss. Moreover, we found that extreme temperature and precipitation events, even when controlling for other factors, significantly impact colony loss. Overall, our results reveal the complexity of biotic and abiotic factors affecting managed honey bee colonies across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Insolia
- Institute of Economics & EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, 56127, Italy.,Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Molinari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849, AL, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849, AL, USA
| | - Francesca Chiaromonte
- Institute of Economics & EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, 56127, Italy.,Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Martina Calovi
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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23
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Kim J, Chon K, Kim BS, Oh JA, Yoon CY, Park HH. Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of cyantraniliprole and sulfoxaflor on honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5402-5412. [PMID: 36057130 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, cyantraniliprole (CYA) and sulfoxaflor (SUL) have been considered as alternatives to neonicotinoid insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the acute and chronic toxicities of CYA and SUL on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae reared in vitro. RESULTS In the acute toxicity test, the following test doses were used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50 ): CYA 0.007, 0.014, 0.028, 0.056 and 0.112 μg larva-1 ; SUL 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg larva-1 . In the chronic toxicity test, the following test doses were used to determine the LD50 : CYA 0.00512, 0.0128, 0.032, 0.08 and 0.2 μg larva-1 ; SUL 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μg larva-1 . The acute LD50 values of CYA and SUL were 0.047 and 11.404 μg larva-1 , respectively. Larvae acutely exposed to SUL had significantly lower body weight than controls, but those exposed to CYA showed no difference. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and LD50 values of the chronic toxicity tests for each insecticide were 0.00512 and 0.064 μg larva-1 for CYA, and 0.0625 μg larva-1 and 0.212 μg larva-1 for SUL, respectively. Larvae chronically exposed to SUL emerged as bees with deformed wings, reaching adult deformation rates of over 50%; however, CYA had no effect on adult deformation. CONCLUSION Exposure to CYA increased larval mortality but did not cause any adult deformation, whereas SUL exposure increased pupal mortality and caused wing deformation in newly emerged bees. Our study may be useful for the assessment of pesticide toxicity by providing valuable findings on the effects of these insecticides on honey bee larvae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Kim
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Kyongmi Chon
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Bo-Seon Kim
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Jin-A Oh
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Chang-Young Yoon
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Hong-Hyun Park
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Korea
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Lin Z, Zhang N, Wang Z, Zhuang M, Wang Q, Niu D, Page P, Wang K, Niu Q, Ji T. Acute and chronic viruses mediated by an ectoparasite targeting different developmental stages of honeybee ( Apis mellifera and Apis cerana) brood. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951159. [PMID: 36277062 PMCID: PMC9583130 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of the western honeybee, Apis mellifera, the most crucial pollinator, has been challenged globally over the past decades. An ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, together with the viruses it vectored, is generally regarded as the vital pathogenic agent. Although the poor health status of A. mellifera compared to its eastern counterpart, Apis cerana, has been broadly identified, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood and comparison between susceptible and resistant hosts will potentially ameliorate this predicament. Here, we investigated the impacts of two widespread viruses—deformed wing virus type A (DWV-A) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), mediated by V. destructor mite, on the capped developing honeybee brood, in the absence of adult workers, of A. mellifera and A. cerana, with positive and negative controls. Our results demonstrated that the endogenous viruses imposed limited damage on the hosts even if the brood was wounded. In contrast, the exogenous viruses introduced by ectoparasites triggered variable mortality of the infested brood between host species. Intriguingly, death causes of both honeybee species presented a similar trend: the acute IAPV generally causes morbidity and mortality of late larvae, while the chronic DWV-A typically leads to brood mortality during and after pupation. Notably, the susceptible immature A. cerana individuals, supported by higher observed mortality and a lower virus tolerance, serve the interests of the colony and foster the overall survival of a resistant honeybee superorganism. These results improve our understanding of the interactions between viruses carried by ectoparasites and their developing hosts, and the novel insight of weak individuals fostering strong colonies may promote breeding efforts to mitigate the indefensible colony losses globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheguang Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, China,College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Defang Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Paul Page
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, China,Qingsheng Niu
| | - Ting Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ting Ji
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25
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Papp M, Békési L, Farkas R, Makrai L, Judge MF, Maróti G, Tőzsér D, Solymosi N. Natural diversity of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut bacteriome in various climatic and seasonal states. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273844. [PMID: 36083885 PMCID: PMC9462563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As pollinators and producers of numerous human-consumed products, honey bees have great ecological, economic and health importance. The composition of their bacteriota, for which the available knowledge is limited, is essential for their body's functioning. Based on our survey, we performed a metagenomic analysis of samples collected by repeated sampling. We used geolocations that represent the climatic types of the study area over two nutritionally extreme periods (March and May) of the collection season. Regarding bacteriome composition, a significant difference was found between the samples from March and May. The samples' bacteriome from March showed a significant composition difference between cooler and warmer regions. However, there were no significant bacteriome composition differences among the climatic classes of samples taken in May. Based on our results, one may conclude that the composition of healthy core bacteriomes in honey bees varies depending on the climatic and seasonal conditions. This is likely due to climatic factors and vegetation states determining the availability and nutrient content of flowering plants. The results of our study prove that in order to gain a thorough understanding of a microbiome's natural diversity, we need to obtain the necessary information from extreme ranges within the host's healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Papp
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Békési
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maura Fiona Judge
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Plant Biology Institute of the Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Water Sciences, University of Public Service, Baja, Hungary
| | - Dóra Tőzsér
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Paxton RJ, Schäfer MO, Nazzi F, Zanni V, Annoscia D, Marroni F, Bigot D, Laws-Quinn ER, Panziera D, Jenkins C, Shafiey H. Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 18:157-171. [PMID: 35592272 PMCID: PMC9112108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is of major economic and ecological importance, with elevated rates of colony losses in temperate regions over the last two decades thought to be largely caused by the exotic ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor and deformed wing virus (DWV), which the mite transmits. DWV currently exists as two main genotypes: the formerly widespread DWV-A and the more recently described and rapidly expanding DWV-B. It is an excellent system to understand viral evolution and the replacement of one viral variant by another. Here we synthesise published results on the distribution and prevalence of DWV-A and -B over the period 2008-2021 and present novel data for Germany, Italy and the UK to suggest that (i) DWV-B has rapidly expanded worldwide since its first description in 2004 and (ii) that it is potentially replacing DWV-A. Both genotypes are also found in wild bee species. Based on a simple mathematical model, we suggest that interference between viral genotypes when co-infecting the same host is key to understanding their epidemiology. We finally discuss the consequences of genotype replacement for beekeeping and for wild pollinator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marc O. Schäfer
- Institute of Infectology Medicine, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Francesco Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Virginia Zanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Desiderato Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Diane Bigot
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eoin R. Laws-Quinn
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Delphine Panziera
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christina Jenkins
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hassan Shafiey
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Yang S, Deng Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Deng S, Dai P, Hou C. Recovery and genetic characterization of black queen cell virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35947094 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is a severe threat to the honeybee (Apis mellifera) worldwide. Although several BQCV strains have been reported in China, the molecular basis for BQCV pathogenicity has not been well understood. Thus, a reverse genetic system of BQCV is required for studying viral replication and its pathogenic mechanism. Here, the complete genome sequence of BQCV was obtained from honeybees using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), namely a BQCV China-GS1 strain (KY741959). Then, a phylogenetic tree was built to analyse the genetic relationships among BQCV strains from different regions. Our results showed that the BQCV China-GS1 contained two ORFs, consistent with the known reference strains, except for the BQCV China-JL1 strain (KP119603). Furthermore, the infectious clone of BQCV was constructed based on BQCV China-GS1 using a low copy vector pACYC177 and gene recombination. Due to the lack of culture cells for bee viruses, we infected the healthy bees with infectious clone of BQCV, and the rescued BQCV resulted in the recovery of recombinant virus, which induced higher mortality than those of the control group. Immune response after inoculated with BQCV further confirmed that the infectious clone of BQCV caused the cellular and humoral immune response of honeybee (A. mellifera). In conclusion, the full nucleotide sequence of BQCV China-GS1 strain was determined, and the infectious clone of BQCV was constructed in this study. These data will improve the understanding of pathogenesis and the host immune responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Pingli Dai
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
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28
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Yang P, Henle EA, Fern XZ, Simon CM. Classifying the toxicity of pesticides to honey bees via support vector machines with random walk graph kernels. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0090573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides benefit agriculture by increasing crop yield, quality, and security. However, pesticides may inadvertently harm bees, which are valuable as pollinators. Thus, candidate pesticides in development pipelines must be assessed for toxicity to bees. Leveraging a dataset of 382 molecules with toxicity labels from honey bee exposure experiments, we train a support vector machine (SVM) to predict the toxicity of pesticides to honey bees. We compare two representations of the pesticide molecules: (i) a random walk feature vector listing counts of length- L walks on the molecular graph with each vertex- and edge-label sequence and (ii) the Molecular ACCess System (MACCS) structural key fingerprint (FP), a bit vector indicating the presence/absence of a list of pre-defined subgraph patterns in the molecular graph. We explicitly construct the MACCS FPs but rely on the fixed-length- L random walk graph kernel (RWGK) in place of the dot product for the random walk representation. The L-RWGK-SVM achieves an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score (mean over 2000 runs) of 0.81, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.69, respectively, on the test data set—with L = 4 being the mode optimal walk length. The MACCS-FP-SVM performs on par/marginally better than the L-RWGK-SVM, lends more interpretability, but varies more in performance. We interpret the MACCS-FP-SVM by illuminating which subgraph patterns in the molecules tend to strongly push them toward the toxic/non-toxic side of the separating hyperplane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - E. Adrian Henle
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Xiaoli Z. Fern
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Cory M. Simon
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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29
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Shuai J, Wang X, Li G, Kong Y, Li W, Li Z, Cheng J. Study on the mode of action between Apis mellifera (α8)2(β1)3 nAChR and typical neonicotinoids versus flupyradifurone with different bee-toxic levels. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Automated Beehive Acoustics Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Future Work. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bees play an important role in agriculture and ecology, and their pollination efficiency is essential to the economic profitability of farms. The drastic decrease in bee populations witnessed over the last decade has attracted great attention to automated remote beehive monitoring research, with beehive acoustics analysis emerging as a prominent field. In this paper, we review the existing literature on bee acoustics analysis and report on the articles published between January 2012 and December 2021. Five categories are explored in further detail, including the origin of the articles, their study goal, experimental setup, audio analysis methodology, and reproducibility. Highlights and limitations in each of these categories are presented and discussed. We conclude with a set of recommendations for future studies, with suggestions ranging from bee species characterization, to recording and testing setup descriptions, to making data and codes available to help advance this new multidisciplinary field.
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31
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Li H, Liu S, Chen L, Luo J, Zeng D, Li X. Juvenile hormone and transcriptional changes in honey bee worker larvae when exposed to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112744. [PMID: 34481358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam, an insecticide with high usage and large amounts of environmental residues, has been reported to affect the pupation and survival of honey bee larvae at sublethal concentrations. The molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we measured the response of juvenile hormone (JH) to environmental concentrations of thiamethoxam using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), monitored the dynamic changes in the transcription of genes encoding major JH metabolic enzymes (CYP15A1, FAMET, JHAMT and JHE) using RT-qPCR, and analysed the transcriptome changes in worker larvae under thiamethoxam stress using RNA-seq. Thiamethoxam significantly increased the levels of JH3 in honey bee larvae, but no significant changes in the transcript levels of the four major metabolic enzymes were observed. Thiamethoxam exposure resulted in 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). P450 CYP6AS5 was upregulated, and some ion-related, odourant-related and gustatory receptors for sugar taste genes were altered significantly. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism and protein digestion and absorption were influenced by thiamethoxam. These changes may do harm to honey bee caste differentiation, foraging behaviour related to sensory perception and nutrient levels of bee colonies. These results represent the first assessment of the effects of thiamethoxam on JH in honey bee larvae and provides a new perspective and molecular basis for the study of JH regulation and thiamethoxam toxicity to honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Lichao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China.
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Minucci JM, Curry R, DeGrandi‐Hoffman G, Douglass C, Garber K, Purucker ST. Inferring pesticide toxicity to honey bees from a field-based feeding study using a colony model and Bayesian inference. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02442. [PMID: 34374161 PMCID: PMC8928141 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees are crucial pollinators for agricultural crops but are threatened by a multitude of stressors including exposure to pesticides. Linking our understanding of how pesticides affect individual bees to colony-level responses is challenging because colonies show emergent properties based on complex internal processes and interactions among individual bees. Agent-based models that simulate honey bee colony dynamics may be a tool for scaling between individual and colony effects of a pesticide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are developing the VarroaPop + Pesticide model, which simulates the dynamics of honey bee colonies and how they respond to multiple stressors, including weather, Varroa mites, and pesticides. To evaluate this model, we used Approximate Bayesian Computation to fit field data from an empirical study where honey bee colonies were fed the insecticide clothianidin. This allowed us to reproduce colony feeding study data by simulating colony demography and mortality from ingestion of contaminated food. We found that VarroaPop + Pesticide was able to fit general trends in colony population size and structure and reproduce colony declines from increasing clothianidin exposure. The model underestimated adverse effects at low exposure (36 µg/kg), however, and overestimated recovery at the highest exposure level (140 µg/kg), for the adult and pupa endpoints, suggesting that mechanisms besides oral toxicity-induced mortality may have played a role in colony declines. The VarroaPop + Pesticide model estimates an adult oral LD50 of 18.9 ng/bee (95% CI 10.1-32.6) based on the simulated feeding study data, which falls just above the 95% confidence intervals of values observed in laboratory toxicology studies on individual bees. Overall, our results demonstrate a novel method for analyzing colony-level data on pesticide effects on bees and making inferences on pesticide toxicity to individual bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Minucci
- Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Public Health and Environmental AssessmentU.S. Environmental Protection Agency109 TW Alexander DriveDurhamNorth Carolina27709USA
| | - Robert Curry
- Crystal River Consulting LLC1909 Stonecastle DriveKellerTexas76262USA
| | | | - Cameron Douglass
- USDA‐Office of Pest Management Policy1400 Independence Avenue SWWashingtonD.C.20250USA
| | - Kris Garber
- Office of Pesticide ProgramsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NWWashingtonD.C.20460USA
| | - S. Thomas Purucker
- Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Computational Toxicology and ExposureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency109 TW Alexander DriveDurhamNorth Carolina27709USA
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Decio P, Miotelo L, Pereira FDC, Roat TC, Marin-Morales MA, Malaspina O. Enzymatic responses in the head and midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera contaminated with a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112581. [PMID: 34352576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of insecticides, promoted by the intensification of agriculture, has raised concerns about their influence on the decline of bee colonies, which play a fundamental role in pollination. Thus, it is fundamental to elucidate the effects of insecticides on bees. This study investigated the damage caused by a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam - TMX (0.0227 ng/μL of feed) in the head and midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera, by analyzing the enzymatic biomarkers, oxidative stress, and occurrence of lipid peroxidation. The data showed that the insecticide increased acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), whereas carboxylesterase (CaE3) activity decreased in the heads. Our results indicate that the antioxidant enzymes were less active in the head because only glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showed alterations. In the midgut, there were no alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) responses and a decrease in the activity of CaE was observed. Otherwise, there was an increase in GPX, and the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay also showed differences in the midgut. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay also showed differences in the midgut. The results showed enzymes such as CaE3, GST, AChE, ALP, SOD, and GPX, as well as the TBARS assay, are useful biomarkers on bees. They may be used in combination as a promising tool for characterizing bee exposure to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Dani Campos Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil; NUPEFEN - Núcleo de pesquisas em Educação Física, Estética e Nutrição, Claretiano University Center, Avenida Santo Antônio Maria Claret, 1724. CEP: 13503-257, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carbonell-Rozas L, Canales R, Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Silva MF. A natural deep eutectic solvent as a novel dispersive solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of pesticide residues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6413-6424. [PMID: 34410442 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in analytical chemistry encourage the use of innocuous solvents to develop modern methods aligned with green chemistry. In this sense, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as a novel generation of green solvents which can be employed in sample treatments as an alternative to the toxic organic solvents commonly used so far. In this work, a new extraction method employs dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a solid floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO), by using a mixture composed of a less dense than water extraction solvent, 1-dodecanol, and a novel dispersive solvent, NADES. The methodology was proposed to extract and preconcentrate some pesticide residues (fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and boscalid) from environmental water and white wine samples before analysis by liquid-chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Limits of quantification (LOQs) lower than 4.5 μg L-1, recoveries above 80%, and precision, expressed as RSD, below 15% were achieved in both samples showing that the proposed method is a powerful, efficient, and green alternative for the determination of these compounds and, therefore, demonstrating a new application for NADES in sample preparation. In addition, the DLLME-SFOD-HPLC-UV method was evaluated and compared with other reported approaches using the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, which highlighted the greenness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carbonell-Rozas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Romina Canales
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Silva
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Nelson PN. A DFT mechanistic study of two possible hydrolytic evolution pathways of thiamethoxam; implications in food and environmental safety. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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A New Approach to Inform Restoration and Management Decisions for Sustainable Apiculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss has reduced the available resources for apiarists and is a key driver of poor colony health, colony loss, and reduced honey yields. The biggest challenge for apiarists in the future will be meeting increasing demands for pollination services, honey, and other bee products with limited resources. Targeted landscape restoration focusing on high-value or high-yielding forage could ensure adequate floral resources are available to sustain the growing industry. Tools are currently needed to evaluate the likely productivity of potential sites for restoration and inform decisions about plant selections and arrangements and hive stocking rates, movements, and placements. We propose a new approach for designing sites for apiculture, centred on a model of honey production that predicts how changes to plant and hive decisions affect the resource supply, potential for bees to collect resources, consumption of resources by the colonies, and subsequently, amount of honey that may be produced. The proposed model is discussed with reference to existing models, and data input requirements are discussed with reference to an Australian case study area. We conclude that no existing model exactly meets the requirements of our proposed approach, but components of several existing models could be combined to achieve these needs.
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Bee and Beekeeping Research in a Rapidly Changing World: Advancements and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113066. [PMID: 34063780 PMCID: PMC8196620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Mráz P, Hýbl M, Kopecký M, Bohatá A, Konopická J, Hoštičková I, Konvalina P, Šipoš J, Rost M, Čurn V. The Effect of Artificial Media and Temperature on the Growth and Development of the Honey Bee Brood Pathogen Ascosphaera apis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050431. [PMID: 34066178 PMCID: PMC8151570 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascosphaera apis is a causative agent of chalkbrood, which is one of the most widespread honey bee diseases. In our experiments, the influence of several artificial media and cultivation under different temperatures was evaluated. Concretely, the radial growth of separated mating types was measured, reproductive structures in a Neubauer hemocytometer chamber were counted simultaneously, and the morphometry of spore cysts and spore balls was assessed. The complex set of experiments determined suitable cultivation conditions. A specific pattern between reproductive structure size and temperature was found. The optimal temperature for both mating types was 30 °C. SDA and YGPSA media are suitable for fast mycelial growth. Moreover, the effect of bee brood on fungus growth and development in vitro was investigated by modification of culture medium. The newly modified medium PDA-BB4 was most effective for the production of the reproductive structures. The result suggests that honey bee brood provides necessary nutrients for proper fungus development during in vitro cultivation. As there is no registered therapeutic agent against chalkbrood in most countries, including the European Union, the assessment of A. apis growth and development in different conditions could help to understand fungus pathogenesis and thus control chalkbrood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mráz
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (I.H.); (M.R.); (V.Č.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marian Hýbl
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.Š.)
| | - Marek Kopecký
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea Bohatá
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Konopická
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (I.H.); (M.R.); (V.Č.)
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Hoštičková
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (I.H.); (M.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Jan Šipoš
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.Š.)
| | - Michael Rost
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (I.H.); (M.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Vladislav Čurn
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (I.H.); (M.R.); (V.Č.)
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Bestea L, Réjaud A, Sandoz JC, Carcaud J, Giurfa M, de Brito Sanchez MG. Peripheral taste detection in honey bees: What do taste receptors respond to? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4417-4444. [PMID: 33934411 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neural principles governing taste perception in species that bear economic importance or serve as research models for other sensory modalities constitutes a strategic goal. Such is the case of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is environmentally and socioeconomically important, given its crucial role as pollinator agent in agricultural landscapes and which has served as a traditional model for visual and olfactory neurosciences and for research on communication, navigation, and learning and memory. Here we review the current knowledge on honey bee gustatory receptors to provide an integrative view of peripheral taste detection in this insect, highlighting specificities and commonalities with other insect species. We describe behavioral and electrophysiological responses to several tastant categories and relate these responses, whenever possible, to known molecular receptor mechanisms. Overall, we adopted an evolutionary and comparative perspective to understand the neural principles of honey bee taste and define key questions that should be answered in future gustatory research centered on this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bestea
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Réjaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD (UMR 5174), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Maria Gabriela de Brito Sanchez
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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40
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Chen G, Wang S, Jia S, Feng Y, Hu F, Chen Y, Zheng H. A New Strain of Virus Discovered in China Specific to the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor Poses a Potential Threat to Honey Bees. Viruses 2021; 13:679. [PMID: 33920919 PMCID: PMC8071286 DOI: 10.3390/v13040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, feeds directly on honey bees and serves as a vector for transmitting viruses among them. The Varroa mite causes relatively little damage to its natural host, the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) but it is the most devastating pest for the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology, we conducted a metatranscriptome analysis of the microbial community associated with Varroa mites. This study led to the identification of a new Chinese strain of Varroa destructor virus-2 (VDV-2), which is a member of the Iflaviridae family and was previously reported to be specific to Varroa mites. A subsequent epidemiological investigation of Chinese strain of VDV-2 (VDV-2-China) showed that the virus was highly prevalent among Varroa populations and was not identified in any of the adult workers from both A. mellifera and A.cerana colonies distributed in six provinces in China, clearly indicating that VDV-2-China is predominantly a Varroa-adapted virus. While A. mellifera worker pupae exposed to less than two Varroa mites tested negative for VDV-2-China, VDV-2-China was detected in 12.5% of the A. mellifera worker pupae that were parasitized by more than 10 Varroa mites, bringing into play the possibility of a new scenario where VDV-2 could be transmitted to the honey bees during heavy Varroa infestations. Bioassay for the VDV-2-China infectivity showed that A. cerana was not a permissive host for VDV-2-China, yet A. mellifera could be a biological host that supports VDV-2-China's replication. The different replication dynamics of the virus between the two host species reflect their variation in terms of susceptibility to the virus infection, posing a potential threat to the health of the Western honey bee. The information gained from this study contributes to the knowledge concerning genetic variabilities and evolutionary dynamics of Varroa-borne viruses, thereby enhancing our understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms governing honey bee Varroosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongwen Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (S.W.); (S.J.); (F.H.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (S.W.); (S.J.); (F.H.)
| | - Shuo Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (S.W.); (S.J.); (F.H.)
| | - Ye Feng
- Insitutute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (S.W.); (S.J.); (F.H.)
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Huoqing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (S.W.); (S.J.); (F.H.)
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41
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Kükrer M, Kence M, Kence A. Honey Bee Diversity Is Swayed by Migratory Beekeeping and Trade Despite Conservation Practices: Genetic Evidence for the Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on Population Structure. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.556816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense admixture of honey bee (Apis melliferaL.) populations at a global scale is mostly attributed to the widespread migratory beekeeping practices and replacement of queens and colonies with non-native races or hybrids of different subspecies. These practices are also common in Anatolia and Thrace, but their influence on the genetic make-up of the five native subspecies of honey bees has not been explored. Here, we present an analysis of 30 microsatellite markers from honey bees from six different regions in Anatolia and Thrace (N= 250 samples), with the aim of comparing the impact of: (1) migratory beekeeping, (2) queen and colony trade, and (3) conservation efforts on the genetic structure of native populations. Populations exposed to migratory beekeeping showed less allegiance than stationary ones. We found genetic evidence for migratory colonies, acting as a hybrid zone mobile in space and time, becoming vectors of otherwise local gene combinations. The effect of honey bee trade leaves very high introgression levels in native honey bees. Despite their narrow geographic range, introgression occurs mainly with the highly commercial Caucasian bees. We also measured the direction and magnitude of gene flow associated with bee trade. A comparison between regions that are open and those closed to migratory beekeeping allowed the evaluation of conservation sites as centers with limited gene flow and demonstrated the importance of establishing such isolated regions. Despite evidence of gene flow, our findings confirm high levels of geographically structured genetic diversity in four subspecies of honey bees in Turkey and emphasize the need to develop policies to maintain this diversity. Our overall results are of interest to the wider scientific community studying anthropogenic effects on the population diversity of honey bees and other insects. Our findings on the effects of migratory beekeeping, replacement of queens and colonies have implications for the conservation of honey bees, other pollinators, and invertebrates, in general, and are informative for policy-makers and other stakeholders in Europe and beyond.
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42
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Huang S, Li J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Evans JD, Rose R, Gilligan TM, LeBrun A, He N, Zheng T, Zhang T, Hamilton M, Chen YP. A novel method for the detection and diagnosis of virus infections in honey bees. J Virol Methods 2021; 293:114163. [PMID: 33864854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In terms of infectious diseases caused by a variety of microorganisms, the ability to promptly and accurately identify the causative agents is the first step on the path to all types of effective management of such infections. Among the various factors that are affecting global bee health, viruses have often been linked to honey bee colony losses and they pose a serious threat to the fraction of agriculture that depends on the service of pollinators. Over the past few decades, PCR-based molecular methods have provided powerful tools for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection and the quantification of difficult-to-grow pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses in honey bees. However, PCR-based methods require nucleic acid extraction and purification, which can be quite laborious and time-consuming and they involve the use of organic solvents and chaotropic agents like phenol and chloroform which are volatile and highly toxic. In response, we developed a novel and non-sacrificial method for detecting viral infections in honey bees. As little as 1 μl of hemolymph was collected from adult workers, larvae, and queens of bee colonies by puncturing the soft inter-tergal integument between the second and third dorsal tergum with a fine glass capillary. The hemolymph was then diluted and subjected to RT-PCR analysis directly. The puncture wound caused by the glass capillary was found to heal automatically and rapidly without any trouble and the lifespan of the experimental workers remained unaffected. Using this method, we detected multiple viruses including Deformed wing virus (DWV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), and Sacbrood virus (SBV) in infected bees. Furthermore, expressed transcripts that indicate the induction of innate immune response to the virus infections were also detected in the hemolymph of infected bees. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this innovative approach will allow it to be a valuable, time-saving, safer, and more environmentally friendly contribution to bee disease management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Huang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| | - Jianghong Li
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guanzhou, 510260.
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| | - Jay D Evans
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Robyn Rose
- Farm Production and Conservation, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250.
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS), National Program Manager for Honey Bee Health, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA.
| | - Anne LeBrun
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS), National Program Manager for Honey Bee Health, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA.
| | - Nan He
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| | - Teng Zheng
- Technical Center of Fuzhou Customs, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, PR China.
| | - Tiyin Zhang
- Technical Center of Fuzhou Customs, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, PR China.
| | - Michele Hamilton
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Yan Ping Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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43
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Nelson PN. A density functional theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of three neonicotinoid based pesticides. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Bozek K, Hebert L, Portugal Y, Mikheyev AS, Stephens GJ. Markerless tracking of an entire honey bee colony. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1733. [PMID: 33741938 PMCID: PMC7979864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
From cells in tissue, to bird flocks, to human crowds, living systems display a stunning variety of collective behaviors. Yet quantifying such phenomena first requires tracking a significant fraction of the group members in natural conditions, a substantial and ongoing challenge. We present a comprehensive, computational method for tracking an entire colony of the honey bee Apis mellifera using high-resolution video on a natural honeycomb background. We adapt a convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation architecture to automatically identify bee and brood cell positions, body orientations and within-cell states. We achieve high accuracy (~10% body width error in position, ~10° error in orientation, and true positive rate > 90%) and demonstrate months-long monitoring of sociometric colony fluctuations. These fluctuations include ~24 h cycles in the counted detections, negative correlation between bee and brood, and nightly enhancement of bees inside comb cells. We combine detected positions with visual features of organism-centered images to track individuals over time and through challenging occluding events, recovering ~79% of bee trajectories from five observation hives over 5 min timespans. The trajectories reveal important individual behaviors, including waggle dances and crawling inside comb cells. Our results provide opportunities for the quantitative study of collective bee behavior and for advancing tracking techniques of crowded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bozek
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Laetitia Hebert
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoann Portugal
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Greg J Stephens
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Sun C, Gaydecki P. A Visual Tracking System for Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) 3D Flight Trajectory Reconstruction and Analysis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33861349 PMCID: PMC8051177 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development, field testing, and results from an automated 3D insect flight detection and tracking system for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) that is capable of providing remarkable insights into airborne behavior. It comprises two orthogonally mounted video cameras with an observing volume of over 200 m3 and an offline analysis software system that outputs 3D space trajectories and inflight statistics of the target honey bees. The imaging devices require no human intervention once set up and are waterproof, providing high resolution and framerate videos. The software module uses several forms of modern image processing techniques with GPU-enabled acceleration to remove both stationary and moving artifact while preserving flight track information. The analysis system has thus far provided information not only on flight statistics (such as speeds and accelerations), but also on subtleties associated with flight behavior by generating heat maps of density and classifying flight patterns according to patrol and foraging behavior. Although the results presented here focus on behavior in the locale of a beehive, the system could be adapted to study a wide range of airborne insect activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Patrick Gaydecki
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Laomettachit T, Liangruksa M, Termsaithong T, Tangthanawatsakul A, Duangphakdee O. A model of infection in honeybee colonies with social immunity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247294. [PMID: 33617598 PMCID: PMC7899363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) play a significant role in the pollination of various food crops and plants. In the past decades, honeybee management has been challenged with increased pathogen and environmental pressure associating with increased beekeeping costs, having a marked economic impact on the beekeeping industry. Pathogens have been identified as a contributing cause of colony losses. Evidence suggested a possible route of pathogen transmission among bees via oral-oral contacts through trophallaxis. Here we propose a model that describes the transmission of an infection within a colony when bee members engage in the trophallactic activity to distribute nectar. In addition, we examine two important features of social immunity, defined as collective disease defenses organized by honeybee society. First, our model considers the social segregation of worker bees. The segregation limits foragers, which are highly exposed to pathogens during foraging outside the nest, from interacting with bees residing in the inner parts of the nest. Second, our model includes a hygienic response, by which healthy nurse bees exterminate infected bees to mitigate horizontal transmission of the infection to other bee members. We propose that the social segregation forms the first line of defense in reducing the uptake of pathogens into the colony. If the first line of defense fails, the hygienic behavior provides a second mechanism in preventing disease spread. Our study identifies the rate of egg-laying as a critical factor in maintaining the colony's health against an infection. We propose that winter conditions which cease or reduce the egg-laying activity combined with an infection in early spring can compromise the social immunity defenses and potentially cause colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeraphan Laomettachit
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Theoretical and Computational Physics (TCP) Group, Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science Center (TaCS-CoE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monrudee Liangruksa
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Teerasit Termsaithong
- Theoretical and Computational Physics (TCP) Group, Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science Center (TaCS-CoE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Learning Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Tangthanawatsakul
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Duangphakdee
- King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Ratchaburi Campus, Ratchaburi, Thailand
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47
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El Agrebi N, Steinhauer N, Renault V, de Graaf DC, Saegerman C. Beekeepers perception of risks affecting colony loss: A pilot survey. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:579-590. [PMID: 33544964 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding amateur beekeepers' perception of risks affecting bee health and mortality is essential to analyse the reasons for adopting or rejecting good management practices. A perception survey on how beekeepers perceive and manage factors related to climate change, Varroa infestation, management practices, and pesticide exposure was designed and launched online. This unpreceded sociological survey involved 355 beekeepers spread all over Belgium. A two-sample t test with unequal variances comparing beekeepers with colony loss rates below or exceeding the acceptable level, that is <10% and ≥10%, indicates that beekeepers (N = 213) with colony loss rates <10% generally have greater average levels of perceived risks and the benefits of action that lead to increased motivation to act in better ways. The results of this survey highlight the importance of looking beyond socio-economic determinants in any risk mitigation strategy associated with bee mortality when dealing with amateur beekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie El Agrebi
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Renault
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Faculty of Sciences, Honeybee Valley, Ghent University (UGent), Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
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48
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Demain JG. Insect Migration and Changes in Venom Allergy due to Climate Change. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:85-95. [PMID: 33228875 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insects are highly successful animals. They have limited ability to regulate their temperature and therefore will expand range in response to warming temperatures. Climate change and associated rising global temperature is impacting the range and distribution of stinging insects. There is evidence that many species are expanding range toward the poles, primarily in response to warming. With expanded distribution of stinging insects, increased interaction with humans is anticipated with consequently increased rates of sting-related reactions and need for intervention. This article focuses on evidence that insects are expanding their range in response to warming temperature, increasing likelihood of human interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Demain
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Asthma & Immunology Center of Alaska, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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49
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Population dynamics of Varroa mite and honeybee: Effects of parasitism with age structure and seasonality. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Wakjira K, Negera T, Zacepins A, Kviesis A, Komasilovs V, Fiedler S, Kirchner S, Hensel O, Purnomo D, Nawawi M, Paramita A, Rachman OF, Pratama A, Faizah NA, Lemma M, Schaedlich S, Zur A, Sperl M, Proschek K, Gratzer K, Brodschneider R. Smart apiculture management services for developing countries-the case of SAMS project in Ethiopia and Indonesia. PeerJ Comput Sci 2021; 7:e484. [PMID: 33954251 PMCID: PMC8049118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The European Union funded project SAMS (Smart Apiculture Management Services) enhances international cooperation of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and sustainable agriculture between EU and developing countries in pursuit of the EU commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goal "End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture". The project consortium comprises four partners from Europe (two from Germany, Austria, and Latvia) and two partners each from Ethiopia and Indonesia. Beekeeping with small-scale operations provides suitable innovation labs for the demonstration and dissemination of cost-effective and easy-to-use open source ICT applications in developing countries. SAMS allows active monitoring and remote sensing of bee colonies and beekeeping by developing an ICT solution supporting the management of bee health and bee productivity as well as a role model for effective international cooperation. By following the user centered design (UCD) approach, SAMS addresses requirements of end-user communities on beekeeping in developing countries, and includes findings in its technological improvements and adaptation as well as in innovative services and business creation based on advanced ICT and remote sensing technologies. SAMS enhances the production of bee products, creates jobs (particularly youths/women), triggers investments, and establishes knowledge exchange through networks and initiated partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibebew Wakjira
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Centre, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Negera
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Centre, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Aleksejs Zacepins
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Armands Kviesis
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markos Lemma
- Iceaddis IT Consultancy PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stefanie Schaedlich
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Feldafing, Germany
| | - Angela Zur
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Feldafing, Germany
| | - Magdalena Sperl
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Feldafing, Germany
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