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Wu L, Lu J, Lan T, Zhang D, Xu H, Kang Z, Peng F, Wang J. Stem cell therapies: a new era in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1389697. [PMID: 38784908 PMCID: PMC11111935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1389697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated condition that persistently harms the central nervous system. While existing treatments can slow its course, a cure remains elusive. Stem cell therapy has gained attention as a promising approach, offering new perspectives with its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This article reviews the application of stem cells in MS, encompassing various stem cell types, therapeutic potential mechanisms, preclinical explorations, clinical research advancements, safety profiles of clinical applications, as well as limitations and challenges, aiming to provide new insights into the treatment research for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianye Lan
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zezheng Kang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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2
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Frid K, Usmann A, Markovits-Pachter T, Binyamin O, Petrou P, Kassis I, Karussis D, Gabizon R. Granagard administration prolongs the survival of human mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578313. [PMID: 38401393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The clinical effect of human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transplanted into EAE mice/MS patients is short lived due to poor survival of the transplanted cells. Since Granagard, a nanoformulation of pomegranate seed oil, extended the presence of Neuronal Stem cells transplanted into CJD mice brains, we tested whether this safe food supplement can also elongate the survival of hMSCs transplanted into EAE mice. Indeed, pathological studies 60 days post transplantation identified human cells only in brains of Granagard treated mice, concomitant with increased clinical activity. We conclude that Granagard may prolong the activity of stem cell transplantation in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Areen Usmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsipora Markovits-Pachter
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Panayota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Dimitri Karussis
- Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Christodoulou MV, Petkou E, Atzemoglou N, Gkorla E, Karamitrou A, Simos YV, Bellos S, Bekiari C, Kouklis P, Konitsiotis S, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Tsamis KI. Cell replacement therapy with stem cells in multiple sclerosis, a systematic review. Hum Cell 2024; 37:9-53. [PMID: 37985645 PMCID: PMC10764451 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. It is induced by attack of autoreactive lymphocytes on the myelin sheath and endogenous remyelination failure, eventually leading to accumulation of neurological disability. Disease-modifying agents can successfully address inflammatory relapses, but have low efficacy in progressive forms of MS, and cannot stop the progressive neurodegenerative process. Thus, the stem cell replacement therapy approach, which aims to overcome CNS cell loss and remyelination failure, is considered a promising alternative treatment. Although the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation are not yet fully understood, neurotrophic support, immunomodulation, and cell replacement appear to play an important role, leading to a multifaceted fight against the pathology of the disease. The present systematic review is focusing on the efficacy of stem cells to migrate at the lesion sites of the CNS and develop functional oligodendrocytes remyelinating axons. While most studies confirm the improvement of neurological deficits after the administration of different stem cell types, many critical issues need to be clarified before they can be efficiently introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Veatriki Christodoulou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ermioni Petkou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Natalia Atzemoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Gkorla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Karamitrou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Bellos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chryssa Bekiari
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panos Kouklis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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4
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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5
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Ellen O, Ye S, Nheu D, Dass M, Pagnin M, Ozturk E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11112. [PMID: 37446290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
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6
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Borda M, Aquino JB, Mazzone GL. Cell-based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:86-111. [PMID: 36164729 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell-based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Borda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge B Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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7
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Mardani M, Ganji R, Ghasemi N, Kazemi M, Razavi S. Impact of Intraventricular Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation with Pregnenolone Treatment on Remyelination of Corpus Callosum in A Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24. [PMID: 36527347 PMCID: PMC9790074 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as a nerve tissue disorder, which causes demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) fibers. Cell-based treatment is a novel strategy for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as MS. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects and pregnenolone as a neurosteroid has remarkable roles in neurogenesis. We intend to examine the impact of intraventricular transplantation of human ADSCs and systemic injection of pregnenolone on the remyelination of a rat model cuprizone-induced demyelination. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimental study was performed on 36 male Wistar rats that received a regular diet and a cuprizone diet for 3 weeks for M.S. induction. Through lipoaspirate surgery, human-ADSCs (hADSCs) were obtained from a patient. Six groups of rats (n=6): healthy, MS, sham, pregnenolone injection, ADSCs transplantation, and pregnenolone injection/ADSCs transplantation were included in this study. For assessment of remyelination, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry staining, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. RESULTS TEM outcomes revealed an increase in the thickness of the fibers myelin in the treatment groups (P<0.05). We also observed a significant upregulation of MBP, PDGFR-α, and MOG after treatment with hADSCs and pregnenolone compared to other study groups (P<0.001). These results were confirmed by immunostaining analysis. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the ADSCs/pregnenolone group and the control group regarding the level of MBP, A2B5, and MOG proteins in ELISA. CONCLUSION Our data implied that the remyelination and cell recovery were more improved by intraventricular ADSCs transplantation and pregnenolone injection after inducing a rat model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,P.O.Box: 81746-73461Department of Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical
SciencesIsfahanIran
Emails:,
| | - Raosul Ganji
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,P.O.Box: 81746-73461Department of Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical
SciencesIsfahanIran
Emails:,
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8
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Zayed MA, Sultan S, Alsaab HO, Yousof SM, Alrefaei GI, Alsubhi NH, Alkarim S, Al Ghamdi KS, Bagabir SA, Jana A, Alghamdi BS, Atta HM, Ashraf GM. Stem-Cell-Based Therapy: The Celestial Weapon against Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:3476. [PMID: 36359871 PMCID: PMC9655836 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a versatile source for cell therapy. Their use is particularly significant for the treatment of neurological disorders for which no definitive conventional medical treatment is available. Neurological disorders are of diverse etiology and pathogenesis. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by abnormal protein deposits, leading to progressive dementia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to the specific degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons causing motor and sensory impairment. Huntington's disease (HD) includes a transmittable gene mutation, and any treatment should involve gene modulation of the transplanted cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple neurons sporadically but induces progressive neuronal dysfunction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) impacts upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. This shows the need to try to tailor different types of cells to repair the specific defect characteristic of each disease. In recent years, several types of stem cells were used in different animal models, including transgenic animals of various neurologic disorders. Based on some of the successful animal studies, some clinical trials were designed and approved. Some studies were successful, others were terminated and, still, a few are ongoing. In this manuscript, we aim to review the current information on both the experimental and clinical trials of stem cell therapy in neurological disorders of various disease mechanisms. The different types of cells used, their mode of transplantation and the molecular and physiologic effects are discussed. Recommendations for future use and hopes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Zayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud S. Al Ghamdi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Genetic Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M. Atta
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
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10
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The neural stem cell secretome across neurodevelopment. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114142. [PMID: 35709983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) based therapies are at the forefront of regenerative medicine strategies to combat illness and injury of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to their ability to produce new cells, NSCs secrete a variety of products, known collectively as the NSC secretome, that have been shown to ameliorate CNS disease pathology and promote recovery. As pre-clinical and clinical research to harness the NSC secretome for therapeutic purposes advances, a more thorough understanding of the endogenous NSC secretome can provide useful insight into the functional capabilities of NSCs. In this review, we focus on research investigating the autocrine and paracrine functions of the endogenous NSC secretome across life. Throughout development and adulthood, we find evidence that the NSC secretome is a critical component of how endogenous NSCs regulate themselves and their niche. We also find gaps in current literature, most notably in the clinically-relevant domain of endogenous NSC paracrine function in the injured CNS. Future investigations to further define the endogenous NSC secretome and its role in CNS tissue regulation are necessary to bolster our understanding of NSC-niche interactions and to aid in the generation of safe and effective NSC-based therapies.
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11
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Development of a Chemical Cocktail That Rescues Mouse Brain Demyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071091. [PMID: 35406658 PMCID: PMC8997971 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells located in the central nervous system (CNS) that play essential roles in the transmission of nerve signals and in the neuroprotection of myelinated neurons. The dysfunction or loss of oligodendrocytes leads to demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To treat demyelinating diseases, the development of a therapy that promotes remyelination is required. In the present study, we established an in vitro method to convert human fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte-like cells (iOLCs) in 3 days. The induced cells displayed morphologies and molecular signatures similar to oligodendrocytes after treatment with valproic acid and exposure to the small molecules Y27632, SU9516, and forskolin (FSK). To pursue the development of a cell-free remyelination therapy in vivo, we used a cuprizone-induced demyelinated mouse model. The small molecules (Y27632, SU9516, and FSK) were directly injected into the demyelinated corpus callosum of the mouse brain. This combination of small molecules rescued the demyelination phenotype within two weeks as observed by light and electron microscopy. These results provide a foundation for exploring the development of a treatment for demyelinating diseases via regenerative medicine.
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Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S. Role of stem cell therapy in neurosciences. ESSENTIALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE OF NEUROANESTHESIA AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2022:163-179. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821776-4.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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13
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Arad T, Fainstein N, Goldfarb S, Lachish M, Ganz T, Ben-Hur T. CD200 -dependent and -independent immune-modulatory functions of neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102559. [PMID: 34634761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/precursor cells (NPC) exhibit powerful immune-modulatory properties. Attenuation of neuroinflammation by intra-cerebroventricular transplantation of NPC, protects from immune-mediated demyelination and axonal injury. The immune modulatory properties of NPC are mediated by a non-species-specific, multiple bystander effect, mediated by both direct cell-cell contact, and by soluble factor(s). CD200 is a cell-surface molecule, with important roles in regulating diverse immune responses, and shown also to limit neuroinflammatory processes. We hypothesized that CD200 may play a role in mediating immune-modulatory effects of NPC. We used wild type and CD200-deficient NPC to examine the role of CD200 in mediating two vital aspects of NPC -immune modulatory properties: (1) Attenuation of autoimmune neuroinflammation; and (2) Suppression of immune rejection response towards transplanted allogeneic NPC from the host CNS. We found that CD200 is dispensable for attenuating acute experimental autoimmune neuroinflammation, but is required for protecting transplanted allogeneic NPC from immune rejection by the host tissue. CD200 deficient NPC showed similar growth, differentiation and survival properties as wild type NPC. CD200-deficient NPC attenuated efficiently T cell activation and proliferation, but exhibited reduced ability to inhibit macrophages. We conclude that CD200 plays a partial role in mediating the immune-modulatory properties of NPC. The differential effect on T cells versus macrophages may underlie the observed discrepancy in their function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Arad
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Smadar Goldfarb
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Ganz
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Aishwarya L, Arun D, Kannan S. Stem cells as a potential therapeutic option for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:590-605. [PMID: 35135464 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In future, neurodegenerative diseases will take over cancer's place and become the major cause of death in the world, especially in developed countries. Advancements in the medical field and its facilities have led to an increase in the old age population, and thus contributing to the increase in number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Economically it is of a great burden to society and the affected family. No current treatment aims to replace, protect, and regenerate lost neurons; instead, it alleviates the symptoms, extends the life span by a few months and creates severe side effects. Moreover, people who are affected are physically dependent for performing their basic activities, which makes their life miserable. There is an urgent need for therapy that could be able to overcome the deficits of conventional therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells, the unspecialized cells with the properties of self-renewing and potency to differentiate into various cells types can become a potent therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells have been widely used in clinical trials to evaluate their potential in curing different types of ailments. In this review, we discuss the various types of stem cells and their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease based on published preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya L
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
| | - Dharmarajan Arun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
| | - Suresh Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
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15
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Smith JA, Nicaise AM, Ionescu RB, Hamel R, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696434. [PMID: 34307372 PMCID: PMC8299560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A. Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Li H, Lian G, Wang G, Yin Q, Su Z. A review of possible therapies for multiple sclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3261-3270. [PMID: 33886059 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a wide range of symptoms, like executive function defect, cognitive dysfunction, blurred vision, decreased sensation, spasticity, fatigue, and other symptoms. This neurological disease is characterized by the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, loss of myelin, and damage to neurons. It is the result of immune cells crossing the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system and attacking self-antigens. Heretofore, many treatments proved that they can retard the progression of the disease even though there is no cure. Therefore, treatments aimed at improving patients' quality of life and reducing adverse drug reactions and costs are essential. In this review, the treatment approaches to alleviate the progress of MS include the following: pharmacotherapy, antibody therapy, cell therapy, gene therapy, and surgery. The current treatment methods of MS are described in terms of the prevention of myelin shedding, the promotion of myelin regeneration, and the protection of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaojian Lian
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qianmei Yin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zehong Su
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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17
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Nishri Y, Fainstein N, Goldfarb S, Hampton D, Macrini C, Meinl E, Chandran S, Ben-Hur T. Modeling compartmentalized chronic immune-mediated demyelinating CNS disease in the Biozzi ABH mouse. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577582. [PMID: 33910137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We explored whether experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Biozzi mice recapitulates temporal dynamics of tissue injury, immune-pathogenesis and CNS compartmentalization occurring in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Chronic EAE exhibited relapsing and progressing disease, partial closure of BBB, reduced tissue inflammatory activity, and development of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue, directly opposing (potentially driving) spinal subpial demyelinated plaques. A T cell predominant disease during relapses transformed into a B cell predominant disease in late chronic EAE, with high serum anti-MOG reactivity. Thus, late chronic Biozzi EAE recapitulates essential features of progressive MS, and is suitable for developing disease modifying and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Nishri
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Smadar Goldfarb
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Hampton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, MS Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Macrini
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, MS Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Zhang XL, Zhang XG, Huang YR, Zheng YY, Ying PJ, Zhang XJ, Lu X, Wang YJ, Zheng GQ. Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Experimental Ischemic Stroke: A Preclinical Systematic Review. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:628908. [PMID: 33935650 PMCID: PMC8079818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.628908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation offers promise in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Here we utilized systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression to study the biological effect of stem cell treatments in animal models of ischemic stroke. A total of 98 eligible publications were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to August 1, 2020. There are about 141 comparisons, involving 5,200 animals, that examined the effect of stem cell transplantation on neurological function and infarct volume as primary outcome measures in animal models for stroke. Stem cell-based therapy can improve both neurological function (effect size, −3.37; 95% confidence interval, −3.83 to −2.90) and infarct volume (effect size, −11.37; 95% confidence interval, −12.89 to −9.85) compared with controls. These results suggest that stem cell therapy could improve neurological function deficits and infarct volume, exerting potential neuroprotective effect for experimental ischemic stroke, but further clinical studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ran Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Jie Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Shan W, Zhou L, Liu L, Lin D, Yu Q. Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is required for the neuronal differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:619. [PMID: 33936276 PMCID: PMC8082597 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed by somatic cells may be used as a potentially novel treatment regimen in stem cell regenerative medicine, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, iPSCs were generated using mouse embryonic fibroblasts by ectopic overexpression of Sox-2, Oct-3/4, Klf-4 and c-Myc, and cultured under the same conditions as that used for embryonic stem cells. The neuronal differentiation capacity of mouse iPSCs was examined, and the involvement of the formation of embryoid bodies was assessed. The results suggested that after 15 days of neuronal inducement, Nestin, Vimentin and Glast protein expression levels were significantly increased in the mouse iPSC-derived cells. Additionally, Bmi1, which is selectively expressed in differentiated postnatal adult stem cells. such as hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells, was required for establishment of the neuronal differentiation of mouse iPSCs. In order to assess the effects of Bmi1 in neuronal differentiation, Bmi1 expression levels were inhibited with the small molecule PTC-209. The results showed that inhibition of Bmi1 expression reduced the expression of neuronal markers, such as Nestin, compared with the controls. These results suggested that mouse iPSCs can be induced to achieve neuronal differentiation. More interestingly, Bmi1 was required during the neuronal differentiation of mouse iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Zheijiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Deju Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310053, P.R. China
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20
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Kassis I, Ben-Zwi M, Petrou P, Halimi M, Karussis D. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of Fingolimod and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:11-19. [PMID: 33676976 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod (Gilenya™) is an effective oral medication approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), albeit less effective in chronic disease. Its main mechanism of action is through peripheral immunomodulation but neuroprotective effects may also be involved. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were shown to exert immunomodulatory and neurotrophic effects in the model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-EAE). The use of combination treatments in chronic diseases such as MS, has long been advocated and may result in improvement of the beneficial effects of each one of them. We tested the in vitro effects of Fingolimod (FTY720) on MSC and the in vivo effect of such combination treatment in the model of EAE. Fingolimod did not affect in any detrimental way the basic features of MSCs and it promoted their migration and proliferation ability .Moreover, Fingolimod induced neurotrophic factors secretion and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from astrocytes and microglia, in vitro. In vivo, the combined treatment of FTY720 and MSC (either by the intravenous or the intra-cerebroventricular route of administration) resulted in synergistic clinical beneficial effects compared to FTY720 or MSC alone, paralleled by a significant reduction of inflammatory CNS infiltrations and of axonal loss. These data may indicate a synergism of fingolimod with MSC and may support future combinations of immunomodulatory drugs with cellular therapies for the improvement of the benefits in progressive forms of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel.
| | - Moriel Ben-Zwi
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Panayiota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Michele Halimi
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Karussis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
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21
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Petrou P, Kassis I, Levin N, Paul F, Backner Y, Benoliel T, Oertel FC, Scheel M, Hallimi M, Yaghmour N, Hur TB, Ginzberg A, Levy Y, Abramsky O, Karussis D. Beneficial effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in active progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:3574-3588. [PMID: 33253391 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study (trial registration: NCT02166021), we aimed to evaluate the optimal way of administration, the safety and the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with active and progressive multiple sclerosis. Forty-eight patients (28 males and 20 females) with progressive multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale: 3.0-6.5, mean : 5.6 ± 0.8, mean age: 47.5 ± 12.3) and evidence of either clinical worsening or activity during the previous year, were enrolled (between 2015 and 2018). Patients were randomized into three groups and treated intrathecally (IT) or intravenously (IV) with autologous MSCs (1 × 106/kg) or sham injections. After 6 months, half of the patients from the MSC-IT and MSC-IV groups were retreated with MSCs, and the other half with sham injections. Patients initially assigned to sham treatment were divided into two subgroups and treated with either MSC-IT or MSC-IV. The study duration was 14 months. No serious treatment-related safety issues were detected. Significantly fewer patients experienced treatment failure in the MSC-IT and MSC-IV groups compared with those in the sham-treated group (6.7%, 9.7%, and 41.9%, respectively, P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0008). During the 1-year follow-up, 58.6% and 40.6% of patients treated with MSC-IT and MSC-IV, respectively, exhibited no evidence of disease activity compared with 9.7% in the sham-treated group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0048, respectively). MSC-IT transplantation induced additional benefits on the relapse rate, on the monthly changes of the T2 lesion load on MRI, and on the timed 25-foot walking test, 9-hole peg test, optical coherence tomography, functional MRI and cognitive tests. Treatment with MSCs was well-tolerated in progressive multiple sclerosis and induced short-term beneficial effects regarding the primary end points, especially in the patients with active disease. The intrathecal administration was more efficacious than the intravenous in several parameters of the disease. A phase III trial is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yael Backner
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Tal Benoliel
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Hallimi
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Nour Yaghmour
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben Hur
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Ariel Ginzberg
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Yarden Levy
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Oded Abramsky
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Karussis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
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22
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Jarrin S, Cabré S, Dowd E. The potential of biomaterials for central nervous system cellular repair. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104971. [PMID: 33515647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) can be injured or damaged through a variety of insults including traumatic injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative or demyelinating diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Existing pharmacological and other therapeutics strategies are limited in their ability to repair or regenerate damaged CNS tissue meaning there are significant unmet clinical needs facing patients suffering CNS damage and/or degeneration. Through a variety of mechanisms including neuronal replacement, secretion of therapeutic factors, and stimulation of host brain plasticity, cell-based repair offers a potential mechanism to repair and heal the damaged CNS. However, over the decades of its evolution as a therapeutic strategy, cell-based CNS repair has faced significant hurdles that have prevented its translation to widespread clinical practice. In recent years, advances in cell technologies combined with advances in biomaterial-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have meant there is very real potential for many of these hurdles to be overcome. This review will provide an overview of the main CNS conditions that lend themselves to cellular repair and will then outline the potential of biomaterial-based approaches for improving the outcome of cellular repair in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jarrin
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sílvia Cabré
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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23
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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24
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Oliveira AG, Gonçalves M, Ferreira H, M Neves N. Growing evidence supporting the use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 38:101860. [PMID: 31765999 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) typically arises in early/middle adulthood and is characterized by a progressive disability of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently approved therapies do not promote tissue repair or stop disease progression. Emerging data demonstrate that stem cells present a great potential in regenerative medicine and, consequently, have also been widely investigated as a potential treatment for MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to inquire into the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapies in MS. METHODS Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane) were searched from April until June 2019. Clinical trials or case reports with information related to the effects of MSC therapies in MS patients were considered for this review. RESULTS 10 manuscripts were selected, namely 7 uncontrolled clinical trials, 2 randomized controlled clinical trials, and 1 case report. The overall quality of the studies was considered good. Besides minor adverse events (AEs), it was reported one case of encephalopathy with seizures and two cases of iatrogenic meningitis, which were not related to the treatment, but with the administration route. The analyses of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in the uncontrolled clinical trials demonstrated that 48 patients improved, 39 maintained and 16 worsened their clinical condition. Regarding the randomized studies, one did not show statistically significant variations in the mean EDSS score and in the other the mean EDSS score was statistically significantly lower for the experimental group. The case report also showed an improvement in the EDSS score. CONCLUSIONS MSCs transplantation proved to be a safe and tolerable therapy. Their potential therapeutic benefits were also validated. However, larger placebo controlled blinded clinical trials will be required to establish the long term safety and efficacy profile of these therapies for MS. Their translation into the clinical practice can provide a new hope for the patients of this highly debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- Medicine School, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
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25
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Continuous Immune-Modulatory Effects of Human Olig2+ Precursor Cells Attenuating a Chronic-Active Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1021-1034. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Mansoor SR, Zabihi E, Ghasemi-Kasman M. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Life Sci 2019; 235:116830. [PMID: 31487529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In attempt to identify an appropriate treatment for improving the neurological symptoms and remyelination process, autologous and allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy in MS. MSCs are a heterogeneous subset of pluripotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta and other sources. MSCs have considerable therapeutic effects due to their ability in differentiation, migration, immune-modulation and neuroregeneration. To date, numerous experimental and clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs therapy improves the CNS repair and modulates functional neurological symptoms. Here, we provided an overview of the current knowledge about the clinical applications of MSCs in MS. Furthermore, the major challenges and risks of MSCs therapy in MS patients have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rostami Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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27
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Unal DB, Caliari SR, Lampe KJ. Engineering biomaterial microenvironments to promote myelination in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:159-174. [PMID: 31306690 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Promoting remyelination and/or minimizing demyelination are key therapeutic strategies under investigation for diseases and injuries like multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, stroke, and virus-induced encephalopathy. Myelination is essential for efficacious neuronal signaling. This myelination process is originated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Resident OPCs are capable of both proliferation and differentiation, and also migration to demyelinated injury sites. OPCs can then engage with these unmyelinated or demyelinated axons and differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). However this process is frequently incomplete and often does not occur at all. Biomaterial strategies can now be used to guide OPC and OL development with the goal of regenerating healthy myelin sheaths in formerly damaged CNS tissue. Growth and neurotrophic factors delivered from such materials can promote proliferation of OPCs or differentiation into OLs. While cell transplantation techniques have been used to replace damaged cells in wound sites, they have also resulted in poor transplant cell viability, uncontrollable differentiation, and poor integration into the host. Biomaterial scaffolds made from extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics that are naturally or synthetically derived can improve transplanted cell survival, support both transplanted and endogenous cell populations, and direct their fate. In particular, stiffness and degradability of these scaffolds are two parameters that can influence the fate of OPCs and OLs. The future outlook for biomaterials research includes 3D in vitro models of myelination / remyelination / demyelination to better mimic and study these processes. These models should provide simple relationships of myelination to microenvironmental biophysical and biochemical properties to inform improved therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz B Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
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28
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Biswas S, Chung SH, Jiang P, Dehghan S, Deng W. Development of glial restricted human neural stem cells for oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9013. [PMID: 31227736 PMCID: PMC6588721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have developed highly expandable neural stem cells (NSCs) from HESCs and iPSCs that artificially express the oligodendrocyte (OL) specific transcription factor gene Zfp488. This is enough to restrict them to an exclusive oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) fate during differentiation in vitro and in vivo. During CNS development, Zfp488 is induced during the early stages of OL generation, and then again during terminal differentiation of OLs. Interestingly, the human ortholog Znf488, crucial for OL development in human, has been recently identified to function as a dorsoventral pattering regulator in the ventral spinal cord for the generation of P1, P2/pMN, and P2 neural progenitor domains. Forced expression of Zfp488 gene in human NSCs led to the robust generation of OLs and suppression of neuronal and astrocyte fate in vitro and in vivo. Zfp488 expressing NSC derived oligodendrocytes are functional and can myelinate rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro, and form myelin in Shiverer mice brain in vivo. After transplantation near a site of demyelination, Zfp488 expressing hNSCs migrated to the lesion and differentiated into premyelinating OLs. A certain fraction also homed in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Zfp488-ZsGreen1-hNSC derived OLs formed compact myelin in Shiverer mice brain seen under the electron microscope. Transplanted human neural stem cells (NSC) that have the potential to differentiate into functional oligodendrocytes in response to remyelinating signals can be a powerful therapeutic intervention for disorders where oligodendrocyte (OL) replacement is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Seung Hyuk Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
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29
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Cytokines secreted from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells promote apoptosis and change cell cycle distribution of K562 cell line as clinical agent in cell transplantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215678. [PMID: 31009502 PMCID: PMC6476492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of special interest due their potential clinical use in cell-based therapy. Therapies engaging MSCs are showing increasing promise in the cancer treatment and anticancer drug screening applications. A multitude of growth factors and cytokines secreted from these cells are known to give such multifunctional properties, but details of their role are yet to be absolutely demonstrated. In this study, we have evaluated the influence of BMSCs on K562 cell line as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, with the use of a cytokine antibody array recognizing 34 cytokines. For this purpose, BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with K562 cells; thereafter, cultured K562 alone and co-cultured K562 with BMSCs (10:1) were collected at day 7 and subjected to cell cycle distribution assay as well as annexin/PI analysis and Ki/caspase-3 assay for apoptosis assessment. In the following, the gene and protein expression levels of BAX and BCL-2 as pro- and anti-apoptotic agents were investigated. Furthermore, after 7 days’ treatment, culture medium was collected from both control and experimental groups for cytokine antibody array. It was found that BMSCs resulted in a robust increase in the number of cells at G0/G1 phase and arrest the G0/G1 phase as well as significantly inducing late apoptosis in K562 cells. The significant presence of TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1), and moderate elevated signals for CINC-1 (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1) were obvious in the co-cultured conditioned media, but no significant increase was found in 32 other cytokines. It is concluded that co-culture of BMSCs with K562 cells could secrete a substantial amount of TIMP-1 and CINC-1. These cytokines could be involved in the inhibition of the K562 cell proliferation via BAX and caspase-3 cascade pathways.
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30
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Cuascut FX, Hutton GJ. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis: Current Perspectives. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020026. [PMID: 30935074 PMCID: PMC6631931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) targeting inflammation have been shown to reduce disease activity in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). The current therapeutic challenge is to find an effective treatment to halt disease progression and reverse established neural damage. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged to address this dilemma. Several types of stem cells have been considered for clinical use, such as autologous hematopoietic (aHSC), mesenchymal (MSC), neuronal (NSC), human embryonic (hESC), and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells. There is convincing evidence that immunoablation followed by hematopoietic therapy (aHSCT) has a high efficacy for suppressing inflammatory MS activity and improving neurological disability in patients with RRMS. In addition, MSC therapy may be a safe and tolerable treatment, but its clinical value is still under evaluation. Various studies have shown early promising results with other cellular therapies for CNS repair and decreasing inflammation. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and limitations of different stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando X Cuascut
- Baylor College of Medicine, Maxine Mesigner Multiple Sclerosis Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - George J Hutton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Maxine Mesigner Multiple Sclerosis Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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31
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Crane AT, Voth JP, Shen FX, Low WC. Concise Review: Human-Animal Neurological Chimeras: Humanized Animals or Human Cells in an Animal? Stem Cells 2019; 37:444-452. [PMID: 30629789 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation is an emerging methodology in which human stem cells are transferred into genetically engineered preimplantation animal embryos eventually giving rise to fully developed human tissues and organs within the animal host for use in regenerative medicine. The ethical issues surrounding this method have caused the National Institutes of Health to issue a moratorium on funding for blastocyst complementation citing the potential for human cells to substantially contribute to the brain of the chimeric animal. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth review of the neural transplantation literature to determine how the integration of human cells into the nonhuman neural circuitry has altered the behavior of the host. Despite reports of widespread integration of human cell transplants, our review of 150 transplantation studies found no evidence suggestive of humanization of the animal host, and we thus conclude that, at present, concerns over humanization should not prevent research on blastocyst complementation to continue. We suggest proceeding in a controlled and transparent manner, however, and include recommendations for future research with careful consideration for how human cells may contribute to the animal host nervous system. Stem Cells 2019;37:444-452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph P Voth
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Francis X Shen
- University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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32
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Beyer F, Samper Agrelo I, Küry P. Do Neural Stem Cells Have a Choice? Heterogenic Outcome of Cell Fate Acquisition in Different Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020455. [PMID: 30669690 PMCID: PMC6359747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is generally considered as repair restricted organ with limited capacities to regenerate lost cells and to successfully integrate them into damaged nerve tracts. Despite the presence of endogenous immature cell types that can be activated upon injury or in disease cell replacement generally remains insufficient, undirected, or lost cell types are not properly generated. This limitation also accounts for the myelin repair capacity that still constitutes the default regenerative activity at least in inflammatory demyelinating conditions. Ever since the discovery of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) residing within specific niches of the adult brain, as well as the description of procedures to either isolate and propagate or artificially induce NSCs from various origins ex vivo, the field has been rejuvenated. Various sources of NSCs have been investigated and applied in current neuropathological paradigms aiming at the replacement of lost cells and the restoration of functionality based on successful integration. Whereas directing and supporting stem cells residing in brain niches constitutes one possible approach many investigations addressed their potential upon transplantation. Given the heterogeneity of these studies related to the nature of grafted cells, the local CNS environment, and applied implantation procedures we here set out to review and compare their applied protocols in order to evaluate rate-limiting parameters. Based on our compilation, we conclude that in healthy CNS tissue region specific cues dominate cell fate decisions. However, although increasing evidence points to the capacity of transplanted NSCs to reflect the regenerative need of an injury environment, a still heterogenic picture emerges when analyzing transplantation outcomes in injury or disease models. These are likely due to methodological differences despite preserved injury environments. Based on this meta-analysis, we suggest future NSC transplantation experiments to be conducted in a more comparable way to previous studies and that subsequent analyses must emphasize regional heterogeneity such as accounting for differences in gray versus white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Iria Samper Agrelo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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33
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Chen D, Hu S, Liu J, Li S. E-cadherin regulates biological behaviors of neural stem cells and promotes motor function recovery following spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2061-2070. [PMID: 30783478 PMCID: PMC6364216 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based repair strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are a highly studied area of research. Multiple gene-modified stem cells have been transplanted into SCI models, in the hope of generating more neurons to repair a damaged nervous system. However, the results are not always successful, as the grafted cells may be unable to survive in the injured spinal cord. E-cadherin, a transmembrane adhesion protein, has been identified as an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker and is vital for morphological structure maintenance and the functional integrity of epithelial cells. At present, few studies have examined the association between E-cadherin and neural stem cells (NSCs). The present study investigated the expression of E-cadherin in subcultured NSCs and differentiated NSCs. Furthermore, the effect of E-cadherin on NSC viability, migration, differentiation and neurosphere formation was assessed. An in vivo study was used to assess the long-term survival of grafted NSCs. Additionally, the protective effect of E-cadherin on SCI was assessed by analyzing tissue repair, Basso Mouse Scale scores and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The results of the present study suggested that E-cadherin was able to promote NSC viability and neurosphere formation; however, it had no significant effect on NSC differentiation. To conclude, grafted NSCs with highly expressed E-cadherin facilitated motor function recovery following SCI by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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34
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Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Lee JY, Desideri GB, Stuppia L, Cimini AM, Borlongan CV. Neural Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:79-91. [PMID: 31898782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic cell-based strategies for a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, including stroke, psychiatric illnesses such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and cancer. Here, we discuss pertinent preclinical investigations involving NSCs, including how NSCs can ameliorate these diseases, the current barriers hindering NSC-based treatments, and future directions for NSC research. There are still many translational requirements to overcome before clinical therapeutic applications, such as establishing optimal dosing, route of delivery, and timing regimens and understanding the exact mechanism by which transplanted NSCs lead to enhanced recovery. Such critical lab-to-clinic investigations will be necessary in order to refine NSC-based therapies for debilitating human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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35
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Wang J, Xu SL, Duan JJ, Yi L, Guo YF, Shi Y, Li L, Yang ZY, Liao XM, Cai J, Zhang YQ, Xiao HL, Yin L, Wu H, Zhang JN, Lv SQ, Yang QK, Yang XJ, Jiang T, Zhang X, Bian XW, Yu SC. Invasion of white matter tracts by glioma stem cells is regulated by a NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop. Nat Neurosci 2018; 22:91-105. [PMID: 30559479 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early invasive growth along specific anatomical structures, especially the white matter tract, is regarded as one of the main causes of poor therapeutic outcome of people with gliomas. We show that some glioma stem cells (GSCs) are preferentially located along white matter tracts, which exhibit a demyelinated phenotype, at the invasive frontier of glioma tissues. These GSCs are CD133+Notch1+, whereas the nerve fibers express the Notch ligand Jagged1. The Notch-induced transcription factor Sox9 promotes the transcription of SOX2 and the methylation level of the NOTCH1 promoter is attenuated by the upregulation of SOX2 to reinforce NOTCH1 expression in GSCs. This positive-feedback loop in a cohort of glioma subjects is correlated with a poor prognosis. Inhibition of Notch signaling attenuates the white-matter-tract tropism of GSCs. These findings provide evidence indicating that the NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop controls GSC invasion along white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sen-Lin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang-Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Military Preventive Medicine Academy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Liang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Na Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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36
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Mangale V, McIntyre LL, Walsh CM, Loring JF, Lane TE. Promoting remyelination through cell transplantation therapies in a model of viral-induced neurodegenerative disease. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:43-52. [PMID: 30067309 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Infiltration of activated lymphocytes and myeloid cells are thought to be primarily responsible for white matter damage and axonopathy. Several United States Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies exist that impede activated lymphocytes from entering the CNS thereby limiting new lesion formation in patients with relapse-remitting forms of MS. However, a significant challenge within the field of MS research is to develop effective and sustained therapies that allow for axonal protection and remyelination. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that some kinds of stem cells and their derivatives seem to be able to mute neuroinflammation as well as promote remyelination and axonal integrity. Intracranial infection of mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in immune-mediated demyelination and axonopathy, making this an excellent model to interrogate the therapeutic potential of stem cell derivatives in evoking remyelination. This review provides a succinct overview of our recent findings using intraspinal injection of mouse CNS neural progenitor cells and human neural precursors into JHMV-infected mice. JHMV-infected mice receiving these cells display extensive remyelination associated with axonal sparing. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms associated with sustained clinical recovery. Developmental Dynamics 248:43-52, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center; Golestan Avenue Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran 61537-15794
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center; Keshavarz Bulvar Tehran Iran
| | - Roshanak Tirdad
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Department of Molecular Medicine and Molecular Epidemiology; Golestan Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran 61537-15794
| | - Amal Saki Malehi
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Golestan Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran 61537-15794
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38
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Fainstein N, Ben-Hur T. Brain Region-Dependent Rejection of Neural Precursor Cell Transplants. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:136. [PMID: 29760649 PMCID: PMC5936755 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of CNS as an immune-privileged site has been challenged by the occurrence of immune surveillance and allogeneic graft rejection in the brain. Here we examined whether the immune response to allogeneic neural grafts is determined by the site of implantation in the CNS. Dramatic regional differences were observed between immune responses to allogeneic neural precursor/stem cell (NPC) grafts in the striatum vs. the hippocampus. Striatal grafts were heavily infiltrated with IBA-1+ microglia/macrophages and CD3+ T cells and completely rejected. In contrast, hippocampal grafts exhibited milder IBA-1+ cell infiltration, were not penetrated efficiently by CD3+ cells, and survived efficiently for at least 2 months. To evaluate whether the hippocampal protective effect is universal, astrocytes were then transplanted. Allogeneic astrocyte grafts elicited a vigorous rejection process from the hippocampus. CD200, a major immune-inhibitory signal, plays an important role in protecting grafts from rejection. Indeed, CD200 knock out NPC grafts were rejected more efficiently than wild type NPCs from the striatum. However, lack of CD200 expression did not elicit NPC graft rejection from the hippocampus. In conclusion, the hippocampus has partial immune-privilege properties that are restricted to NPCs and are CD200-independent. The unique hippocampal milieu may be protective for allogeneic NPC grafts, through host-graft interactions enabling sustained immune-regulatory properties of transplanted NPCs. These findings have implications for providing adequate immunosuppression in clinical translation of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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39
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Xie C, Li X, Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Hao Y, Zhang GX, Guan Y. TGFβ1 transduction enhances immunomodulatory capacity of neural stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:283-295. [PMID: 29203425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) have therapeutic effect on EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. However, the beneficial effect is suboptimal due to the limited immunomodulatory capacity of these cells. In this study, we engineered BM-NSCs with inducible TGFβ1, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, to enhance their anti-inflammatory capacity. We found that i.v. injected TGFβ1-BM-NSCs more effectively suppressed clinical severity, inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system of EAE mice. Transduction of TGFβ1 resulted in a higher percentage of Tregs and lower percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells in the periphery, with increased production of IL-10, and reduced production of IFN-γ, IL-17 and GM-CSF. Moreover, myelin-specific splenic proliferation was also inhibited more profoundly by TGFβ1-BM-NSCs. We also found that TGFβ1-BM-NSCs have the capacity to switch microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype. On the other hand, transduction of TGFβ1 did not affect proliferative ability and differentiating potential of BM-NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings demonstrate that transduction of TGFβ1 significantly enhanced the immunomodulatory capacity of BM-NSCs for EAE treatment, through inducing Tregs and an M2 phenotype of macrophages/microglia, while retaining their capacity for neural cell differentiation. Thus, our study provides an easily accessible, inducible and effective therapy for CNS inflammatory demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiajun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062 Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062 Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, PA19107 Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China.
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40
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Shroff G. A review on stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: special focus on human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Cloning 2018; 11:1-11. [PMID: 29483778 PMCID: PMC5813951 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s135415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized with axonal loss underlying long-term progressive disability. Currently available therapies for its management are able to slow down the progression but fail to treat it completely. Moreover, these therapies are associated with major CNS and cardiovascular adverse events, and prolonged use of these treatments may cause life-threatening diseases. Recent research has shown that cellular therapies hold a potential for CNS repair and may be able to provide protection from inflammatory damage caused after injury. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) transplantation is one of the promising cell therapies; hESCs play an important role in remyelination and help in preventing demylenation of the axons. In this study, an overview of the current knowledge about the unique properties of hESC and their comparison with other cell therapies has been presented for the treatment of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Shroff
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy, Nutech Mediworld, New Delhi, India
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41
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Lippert T, Gelineau L, Napoli E, Borlongan CV. Harnessing neural stem cells for treating psychiatric symptoms associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:10-22. [PMID: 28365374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain insults with progressive neurodegeneration are inherent in pathological symptoms that represent many psychiatric illnesses. Neural network disruptions characterized by impaired neurogenesis have been recognized to precede, accompany, and possibly even exacerbate the evolution and progression of symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Here, we focus on the neurodegeneration and the resulting psychiatric symptoms observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and epilepsy, in an effort to show that these two diseases are candidate targets for stem cell therapy. In particular, we provide preclinical evidence in the transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in both conditions, highlighting the potential of this cell-based treatment for correcting the psychiatric symptoms that plague these two disorders. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of NSC transplantation and offer insights into the mechanisms that may mediate the therapeutic benefits and can be exploited to overcome the hurdles of translating this therapy from the laboratory to the clinic. Our ultimate goal is to advance stem cell therapy for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lindsey Gelineau
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 3011 VM3B 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA..
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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42
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Genc B, Bozan HR, Genc S, Genc K. Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:145-174. [PMID: 30039439 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss that is induced by attack of autoreactive T cells to the myelin sheath and endogenous remyelination failure, eventually leading to functional neurological disability. Although recent evidence suggests that MS relapses are induced by environmental and exogenous triggers such as viral infections in a genetic background, its very complex pathogenesis is not completely understood. Therefore, the efficiency of current immunosuppression-based therapies of MS is too low, and emerging disease-modifying immunomodulatory agents such as fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate cannot stop progressive neurodegenerative process. Thus, the cell replacement therapy approach that aims to overcome neuronal cell loss and remyelination failure and to increase endogenous myelin repair capacity is considered as an alternative treatment option. A wide variety of preclinical studies, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, have recently shown that grafted cells with different origins including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural precursor and stem cells, and induced-pluripotent stem cells have the ability to repair CNS lesions and to recover functional neurological deficits. The results of ongoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy studies, with the advantage of peripheral administration to the patients, have suggested that cell replacement therapy is also a feasible option for immunomodulatory treatment of MS. In this chapter, we overview cell sources and applications of the stem cell therapy for treatment of MS. We also discuss challenges including those associated with administration route, immune responses to grafted cells, integration of these cells to existing neural circuits, and risk of tumor growth. Finally, future prospects of stem cell therapy for MS are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgesu Genc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hemdem Rodi Bozan
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.
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43
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:356-374. [PMID: 29075984 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introduced into the living system. Further, we also present different ways to maneuver and overcome challenges to translate the advances made at the preclinical level to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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44
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Mangale V, Marro BS, Plaisted WC, Walsh CM, Lane TE. Neural precursor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit reduced susceptibility to infection with a neurotropic coronavirus. Virology 2017; 511:49-55. [PMID: 28822268 PMCID: PMC5623645 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the susceptibility of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (iPSC-NPCs) to infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). Similar to NPCs derived from striatum of day 1 postnatal GFP-transgenic mice (GFP-NPCs), iPSC-derived NPCs (iPSC-NPCs) are able to differentiate into terminal neural cell types and express MHC class I and II in response to IFN-γ treatment. However, in contrast to postnatally-derived NPCs, iPSC-NPCs express low levels of carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecule 1a (CEACAM1a), the surface receptor for JHMV, and are less susceptible to infection and virus-induced cytopathic effects. The relevance of this in terms of therapeutic application of NPCs resistant to viral infection is discussed. The neurotropic virus JHMV infects and kills mouse post-natal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This study examines if JHMV infects mouse inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs. iPSC-NPCs are less susceptible to infection with JHMV and subsequent lytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology & Immunology University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States
| | - Warren C Plaisted
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology & Immunology University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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45
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Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Gazdikova K, Gasparova I, Valentova V, Stollarova N, La Rocca G, Kobyliak N, Dragasek J, Mozos I, Prosecky R, Siniscalco D, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:60-69. [PMID: 28448871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and perinatal stem cells to neurodegenerative disorders and we will describe their immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in specific therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Stollarova
- Catholic University in Ružomberok, Faculty of Pedagogy, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merciful Brotherś Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by loss of motor and sensory function that results from immune-mediated inflammation, demyelination, and subsequent axonal damage. Clinically, most MS patients experience recurrent episodes (relapses) of neurological impairment, but in most cases (60–80%) the course of the disease eventually becomes chronic and progressive, leading to cumulative motor, sensory, and visual disability, and cognitive deficits. The course of the disease is largely unpredictable and its clinical presentation is variable, but its predilection for certain parts of the CNS, which includes the optic nerves, the brain stem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord, provides a characteristic constellation of signs and symptoms. Several variants of MS have been nowadays defined with variable immunopathogenesis, course and prognosis. Many new treatments targeting the immune system have shown efficacy in preventing the relapses of MS and have been introduced to its management during the last decade.
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47
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Volpe G, Bernstock JD, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Modulation of host immune responses following non-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Translational implications in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 331:11-27. [PMID: 28034466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There exists an urgent need for effective treatments for those patients suffering from chronic/progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, it has become readily apparent that different classes of stem cell-based therapies must be explored at both the basic science and clinical levels. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic mechanisms underlying the pre-clinical benefits of exogenously delivered non-hematopoietic stem cells (nHSCs) in animal models of MS. Further, we highlight a number of early clinical trials in which nHSCs have been used to treat MS. Finally, we identify a series of challenges that must be met and ultimately overcome if such promising therapeutics are to be advanced from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Volpe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building - Cambridge Biosciences Campus, Hills Road, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building - Cambridge Biosciences Campus, Hills Road, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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48
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Shroff G. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Lyme Disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:944-949. [PMID: 27956736 PMCID: PMC5156555 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.899745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Case series Patient: Male, 42 • Female, 30 Final Diagnosis: Human embryonic stem cells showed good therapeutic potential for treatment of multiple sclerosis with lyme disease Symptoms: Fatigue • weakness in limbs Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Human embryonic stem cells transplantation Specialty: Transplantology
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Shroff
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy, Nutech Mediworld, New Delhi, India
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49
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Goldman SA. Stem and Progenitor Cell-Based Therapy of the Central Nervous System: Hopes, Hype, and Wishful Thinking. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:174-88. [PMID: 26849304 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of neurological disorders are attractive targets for stem and progenitor cell-based therapy. Yet many conditions are not, whether by virtue of an inhospitable disease environment, poorly understood pathophysiology, or poor alignment of donor cell capabilities with patient needs. Moreover, some disorders may be medically feasible targets but are not practicable, in light of already available treatments, poor risk-benefit and cost-benefit profiles, or resource limitations. This Perspective seeks to define those neurological conditions most appropriate for cell replacement therapy by considering its potential efficacy and clinical feasibility in those disorders, as well as potential impediments to its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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50
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Shapira I, Fainstein N, Tsirlin M, Stav I, Volinsky E, Moresi C, Ben‐Hur T, Gorodetsky R. Placental Stromal Cell Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: The Role of Route of Cell Delivery. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1286-1294. [PMID: 28371563 PMCID: PMC5442828 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune‐mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with no effective treatment available for the chronic‐progressive stage. Cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for attenuating the immune‐mediated CNS process. Isolated and expanded human placental stromal cells (hPSCs) possess potent immunomodulatory and trophic properties, making them a good candidate for MS therapy. We examined the potential of hPSC therapy in preventing the onset or attenuating the course of established disease in a murine MS model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We examined the feasibility of hPSC systemic delivery by intramuscular (i.m.) implantation rather than the commonly used intravenous injection, which is dose‐limiting and carries the risk of pulmonary obstruction. Our findings showed significant attenuation of the disease only when hPSCs were injected directly to the central nervous system. Intramuscular implanted hPSCs survived at the site of injection for at least 2 months and elicited extensive local immune responses. Intramuscular hPSC implantation before disease onset caused a delay in the appearance of clinical signs and reduced the severity of a relapse induced by repeated challenge with the autoantigen. Intramuscular implantation after disease onset did not affect its course. Thus, pathological analysis of CNS tissue did not show inhibition of neuroinflammation in i.m. hPSC‐implanted mice. Moreover, no apparent effect was seen on the proliferative response of peripheral lymph node cells in these animals. We conclude that to maximize their therapeutic potential in MS, hPSCs should be delivered directly to the affected CNS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1286–1294
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Shapira
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Tsirlin
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilana Stav
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgenia Volinsky
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Claudia Moresi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben‐Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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