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Liu L, He X, Wang J, Li M, Wei X, Yang J, Cheng G, Du W, Liu Z, Xiao X. Exploring the associations between gut microbiota composition and SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine response in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0038024. [PMID: 39189780 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00380-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is crucial for protecting vulnerable individuals, yet individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit impaired vaccine responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the host microbiota, crucial in immune regulation and development, influences vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and the host microbiota (specifically, gut and lung microbiota) of C57BL/6 mice with T2DM. Employing 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we observed lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity in fecal microbiota before vaccination and in gut microbiota 28 days post-vaccination between T2DM mice and healthy mice. Compared with healthy mice, T2DM mice showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 28 days post-vaccination. Significant alterations in gut microbiota composition were detected following vaccination, while lung microbiota remained unchanged. T2DM was associated with a diminished initial IgG antibody response against the spike protein, which subsequently normalized after 28 days. Notably, the initial IgG response positively correlated with fecal microbiota alpha diversity pre-vaccination. Furthermore, after 28 days, increased relative abundance of gut probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and higher levels of the gut bacterial tryptophan metabolite, indole acrylic acid, were positively associated with IgG levels. These findings suggest a potential link between vaccine efficacy and gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of the gut microbiome on vaccine response. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationships among host microbiota, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and T2DM, with potential implications for improving vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Over 7 million deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by 6 May 2024 underscore the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies. However, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been identified as particularly vulnerable and display compromised immune responses to vaccines. Concurrently, increasing evidence suggests that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, crucial regulators of immune function, may influence the efficacy of vaccines. Against this backdrop, our study explores the complex interplay among SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination, T2DM, and host microbiota. We discover that T2DM compromises the initial immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, and this response is positively correlated with specific features of the gut microbiota, such as alpha diversity. We also demonstrate that the vaccination itself induces alterations in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. These findings illuminate potential links between the gut microbiota and vaccine efficacy in individuals with T2DM, offering valuable insights that could enhance vaccine responses in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianzhen He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Children's Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Moran Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Rossouw C, Ryan FJ, Lynn DJ. The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39102299 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Antigen-specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine-mediated protection against infectious diseases, but these responses are highly variable between individuals and vaccine immunogenicity is frequently sub-optimal in infants, the elderly and in people living in low- and middle-income countries. Although many factors such as nutrition, age, sex, genetics, environmental exposures, and infections may all contribute to variable vaccine immunogenicity, mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is an important and targetable factor shaping optimal immune responses to vaccination. In this review, we discuss evidence from human, preclinical and experimental studies supporting a role for a healthy gut microbiota in mediating optimal vaccine immunogenicity, including the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms through which this could occur and discuss strategies that could be used to target the microbiota to boost vaccine immunogenicity where it is currently sub-optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charné Rossouw
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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3
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Labeur-Iurman L, Harker JA. Mechanisms of antibody mediated immunity - Distinct in early life. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106588. [PMID: 38768890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses in early life are characterized by a failure to robustly generate long-lasting protective responses against many common pathogens or upon vaccination. This is associated with a reduced ability to generate T-cell dependent high affinity antibodies. This review highlights the differences in T-cell dependent antibody responses observed between infants and adults, in particular focussing on the alterations in immune cell function that lead to reduced T follicular helper cell-B cell crosstalk within germinal centres in early life. Understanding the distinct functional characteristics of early life humoral immunity, and how these are regulated, will be critical in guiding age-appropriate immunological interventions in the very young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Labeur-Iurman
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James A Harker
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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4
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Takahashi K, Kurokawa K, Miyagawa K, Mochida-Saito A, Takeda H, Tsuji M. Repeated antibiotic drug treatment negatively affects memory function and glutamatergic nervous system of the hippocampus in mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 825:137711. [PMID: 38432356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is associated with memory; however, the relationship between dysbiosis-induced memory deficits and hippocampal glutamatergic neurons remains unclear. In our study, a mouse dysbiosis model showed impaired memory-related behavior in the passive avoidance test; decreased expression levels of glutaminase, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1, EAAT2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, doublecortin, neuronal nuclear protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β; and decreased phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit 1, and cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampus. This suggests that dysbiosis-induced memory dysfunction is associated with the hippocampal glutamatergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mochida-Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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5
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Drobyshevsky A, Synowiec S, Goussakov I, Fabres R, Lu J, Caplan M. Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2333808. [PMID: 38533575 PMCID: PMC10978030 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2333808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature infants lack a normal intestinal microbial community and also at risk of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which is considered to be one of the major factors for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that neonatal gut microbiota composition modulated the immune reaction and severity of neonatal H-I brain injury. Neonatal C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to H-I protocol consisting of permanent left carotid artery ligation, followed by 8% hypoxia for 60 min. Microbial manipulation groups included 1) antibiotic treatment, E18 (maternal) to P5; 2) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + E. coli gavage; 3) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + B. infantis gavage; and 4) saline to pups with dams getting fresh water. The extent of brain injury and recovery was measured on MRI. Edematous injury volume was significantly higher in E. coli group than that in B. infantis group and in fresh water group. Gene expression in brains of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL2, TNF-α and toll-like receptors 2-6) were elevated to a greater extent in the E. coli group at P10, no injury, and at P13, 72 hours after H-I relative to sham control and B. infantis groups. Significant effects of microbiome and brain injury and interaction of these factors were found in abundance of major phyla. The neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia are affected by intestinal microbiota, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention through targeting the early colonization and development of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Synowiec
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Goussakov
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rafael Fabres
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Caplan
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
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6
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Johnson AMF, Hager K, Alameh MG, Van P, Potchen N, Mayer-Blackwell K, Fiore-Gartland A, Minot S, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, Kublin JG. The Regulation of Nucleic Acid Vaccine Responses by the Microbiome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1680-1692. [PMID: 37850965 PMCID: PMC10656434 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines, including both RNA and DNA platforms, are key technologies that have considerable promise in combating both infectious disease and cancer. However, little is known about the extrinsic factors that regulate nucleic acid vaccine responses and which may determine their effectiveness. The microbiome is recognized as a significant regulator of immune development and response, whose role in regulating some traditional vaccine platforms has recently been discovered. Using germ-free and specific pathogen-free mouse models in combination with different protein, DNA, and mRNA vaccine regimens, we demonstrate that the microbiome is a significant regulator of nucleic acid vaccine immunogenicity. Although the presence of the microbiome enhances CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle immunization, the microbiome suppresses Ig and CD4+ T cell responses to DNA-prime, DNA-protein-boost immunization, indicating contrasting roles for the microbiome in the regulation of these different nucleic acid vaccine platforms. In the case of mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccination, germ-free mice display reduced dendritic cell/macrophage activation that may underlie the deficient vaccine response. Our study identifies the microbiome as a relevant determinant of nucleic acid vaccine response with implications for continued therapeutic development and deployment of these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. F. Johnson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin Hager
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Phuong Van
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Nicole Potchen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Samuel Minot
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Drew Weissman
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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7
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McCuaig B, Goto Y. Immunostimulating Commensal Bacteria and Their Potential Use as Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15644. [PMID: 37958628 PMCID: PMC10647581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is intimately intertwined with the host immune system, having effects on the systemic immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked not only to gastrointestinal disorders but also conditions of the skin, lungs, and brain. Commensal bacteria can affect the immune status of the host through a stimulation of the innate immune system, training of the adaptive immune system, and competitive exclusion of pathogens. Commensal bacteria improve immune response through the production of immunomodulating compounds such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acids. The microbiome, especially when in dysbiosis, is plastic and can be manipulated through the introduction of beneficial bacteria or the adjustment of nutrients to stimulate the expansion of beneficial taxa. The complex nature of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ecosystem complicates the use of these methods, as similar treatments have various results in individuals with different residential microbiomes and differential health statuses. A more complete understanding of the interaction between commensal species, host genetics, and the host immune system is needed for effective microbiome interventions to be developed and implemented in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonita McCuaig
- Project for Host-Microbial Interactions in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis, Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Goto
- Project for Host-Microbial Interactions in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis, Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Division of Pandemic and Post-Disaster Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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8
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Ponziani FR, Coppola G, Rio P, Caldarelli M, Borriello R, Gambassi G, Gasbarrini A, Cianci R. Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1609. [PMID: 37897011 PMCID: PMC10611107 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity still represents an unmet need in specific populations, such as people from developing countries and "edge populations". Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as the environment, age, and dietary habits, influence cellular and humoral immune responses. The human microbiota represents a potential key to understanding how these factors impact the immune response to vaccination, with its modulation being a potential step to address vaccine immunogenicity. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the intricate interactions between the microbiota and the immune system in response to vaccines, highlighting the state of the art in gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic approach to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity and laying the foundation for future, more solid data for its translation to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (G.C.); (P.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
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9
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Hugon AM, Golos TG. Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:1-16. [PMID: 37040316 PMCID: PMC10344604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been shown, or implicated to be involved, in multiple facets of human health and disease, including not only gastrointestinal health but also metabolism, immunity, and neurology. Although the predominant focus of microbiome research has been on the gut, other microbial communities such as the vaginal or cervical microbiome are likely involved in physiological homeostasis. Emerging studies also aim to understand the role of different microbial niches, such as the endometrial or placental microbial communities, on the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, including their impact on reproductive success and the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). The study of the microbiome during pregnancy, specifically how changes in maternal microbial communities can lead to dysfunction and disease, can advance the understanding of reproductive health and the etiology of APOs. In this review, we will discuss the current state of non-human primate (NHP) reproductive microbiome research, highlight the progress with NHP models of reproduction, and the diagnostic potential of microbial alterations in a clinical setting to promote pregnancy health. NHP reproductive biology studies have the potential to expand the knowledge and understanding of female reproductive tract microbial communities and host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions associated with reproductive health through sequencing and analysis. Furthermore, in this review, we aim to demonstrate that macaques are uniquely suited as high-fidelity models of human female reproductive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Amin AR, Hairulhisyam NM, Aqilah RNF, Nur Fariha MM, Mallard BL, Shanahan F, Wheatley AM, Marlini M. Impact of Gut Recolonization on Liver Regeneration: Hepatic Matrisome Gene Expression after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10774. [PMID: 37445951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic matrisome is involved in the remodeling phase of liver regeneration. As the gut microbiota has been implicated in liver regeneration, we investigated its role in liver regeneration focusing on gene expression of the hepatic matrisome after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in germ-free (GF) mice, and in GF mice reconstituted with normal gut microbiota (XGF). Liver mass restoration, hepatocyte proliferation, and immune response were assessed following 70% PHx. Hepatic matrisome and collagen gene expression were also analyzed. Reduced liver weight/body weight ratio, mitotic count, and hepatocyte proliferative index at 72 h post PHx in GF mice were preceded by reduced expression of cytokine receptor genes Tnfrsf1a and Il6ra, and Hgf gene at 3 h post PHx. In XGF mice, these indices were significantly higher than in GF mice, and similar to that of control mice, indicating normal liver regeneration. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the matrisome were lower in GF compared to XGF mice at both 3 h and 72 h post PHx. GF mice also demonstrated lower collagen expression, with significantly lower expression of Col1a1, Col1a2, Col5a1, and Col6a2 compared to WT mice at 72 h post PHx. In conclusion, enhanced liver regeneration and matrisome expression in XGF mice suggests that interaction of the gut microbiota and matrisome may play a significant role in the regulation of hepatic remodeling during the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ngatiman M Hairulhisyam
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Raman Nur Fatin Aqilah
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Manzor Nur Fariha
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Beth L Mallard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Antony M Wheatley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhamad Marlini
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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11
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Nakandalage R, Guan LL, Malmuthuge N. Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37317302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse pioneer microbial community colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is critical for the developing immune system. Gut microbial communities of neonates can be affected by various internal and external factors, resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Microbial dysbiosis during early life affects gut homeostasis by changing metabolic, physiological, and immunological status, which increases susceptibility to neonatal infections and long-term pathologies. Early life is crucial for the establishment of microbiota and the development of the host immune system. Therefore, it provides a window of opportunity to reverse microbial dysbiosis with a positive impact on host health. Recent attempts to use microbial interventions during early life have successfully reversed dysbiotic gut microbial communities in neonates. However, interventions with persistent effects on microbiota and host health are still limited. This review will critically discuss microbial interventions, modulatory mechanisms, their limitations, and gaps in knowledge to understand their roles in improving neonatal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Nakandalage
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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12
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Hajjar J, Voigt A, Conner M, Swennes A, Fowler S, Calarge C, Mendonca D, Armstrong D, Chang CY, Walter J, Butte M, Savidge T, Oh J, Kheradmand F, Petrosino J. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patient Fecal Microbiota Transplant Recapitulates Gut Dysbiosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2640584. [PMID: 36993518 PMCID: PMC10055500 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2640584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Patients with non-infectious complications have worse clinical outcomes in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) than those with infections-only. Non-infectious complications are associated with gut microbiome aberrations, but there are no reductionist animal models that emulate CVID. Our aim in this study was to uncover potential microbiome roles in the development of non-infectious complications in CVID. Methods We examined fecal whole genome shotgun sequencing from patients CVID, and non-infectious complications, infections-only, and their household controls. We also performed Fecal Microbiota transplant from CVID patients to Germ-Free Mice. Results We found potentially pathogenic microbes Streptococcus parasanguinis and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum were enriched in gut microbiomes of CVID patients with non-infectious complications. In contrast, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans and Anaerostipes hadrus, known to suppress inflammation and promote healthy metabolism, were enriched in gut microbiomes of infections-only CVID patients. Fecal microbiota transplant from non-infectious complications, infections-only, and their household controls into germ-free mice revealed gut dysbiosis patterns in recipients from CVID patients with non-infectious complications, but not infections-only CVID, or household controls recipients. Conclusion Our findings provide a proof of concept that fecal microbiota transplant from CVID patients with non-infectious complications to Germ-Free mice recapitulates microbiome alterations observed in the donors.
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13
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Johnson AMF, Hager K, Alameh MG, Van P, Potchen N, Mayer-Blackwell K, Fiore-Gartland A, Minot S, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, Kublin JG. The Regulation of Nucleic Acid Vaccine Responses by the Microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529093. [PMID: 36824851 PMCID: PMC9949122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines, including both RNA and DNA platforms, are key technologies that have considerable promise in combating both infectious disease and cancer. However, little is known about the extrinsic factors that regulate nucleic acid vaccine responses and which may determine their effectiveness. The microbiome is recognized as a significant regulator of immune development and response, whose role in regulating some traditional vaccine platforms has recently been discovered. Using germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mouse models in combination with different protein, DNA, and mRNA vaccine regimens, we demonstrate that the microbiome is a significant regulator of nucleic acid vaccine immunogenicity. While the presence of the microbiome enhances CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) immunization, the microbiome suppresses immunoglobulin and CD4+ T cell responses to DNA-prime, DNA-protein-boost immunization, indicating contrasting roles for the microbiome in the regulation of these different nucleic acid vaccine platforms. In the case of mRNA-LNP vaccination, germ-free mice display reduced dendritic cell/macrophage activation that may underlie the deficient vaccine response. Our study identifies the microbiome as a relevant determinant of nucleic acid vaccine response with implications for their continued therapeutic development and deployment.
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14
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Moroishi Y, Gui J, Nadeau KC, Morrison HG, Madan J, Karagas MR. A prospective study of the infant gut microbiome in relation to vaccine response. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:725-731. [PMID: 35717483 PMCID: PMC10115145 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of the gut microbiome plays a key symbiotic role in the developing immune system; however, its influence on vaccine response is yet uncertain. We prospectively investigated the composition and diversity of the early-life gut microbiome in relation to infant antibody response to two routinely administered vaccines. METHODS Eighty-three infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study were included in the analysis. We collected blood samples at 12 months of age and assayed the isolated serum to quantify total IgG and measured antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid. Stool samples were collected from infants at 6 weeks of age and sequenced using 16S rRNA, and a subset of 61 samples were sequenced using shotgun metagenomics sequencing. RESULTS We observed differences in beta diversity for 16S 6-week stool microbiota and pneumococcal and tetanus IgG antibody responses. Metagenomics analyses identified species and metabolic pathways in 6-week stool associated with tetanus antibody response, in particular, negative associations with the relative abundance of Aeriscardovia aeriphila species and positive associations with the relative abundance of species associated with CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS The early gut microbiome composition may influence an infant's vaccine response. IMPACT Early intestinal microbiome acquisition plays a critical role in immune maturation and in both adaptive and innate immune response in infancy. We identified associations between early life microbiome composition and response to two routinely administered vaccines-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid-measured at approximately 1 year of age. Our findings highlight the potential impact of the gut microbiome on infant immune response that may open up opportunities for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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15
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Stefanetti G, Kasper DL. Impact of the Host Microbiome on Vaccine Responsiveness: Lessons Learned and Future Perspective. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2849-2855. [PMID: 35993915 PMCID: PMC9782311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination shows high variability in the elicited immune responses among individuals and populations for reasons still poorly understood. An increasing number of studies is supporting the evidence that gut microbiota, along with other interplaying variables, is able to modulate both humoral and cellular responses to infection and vaccination. Importantly, vaccine immunogenicity is often suboptimal at the extremes of age and also in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the microbiota is believed to have an important role on immune responses. Still, contrasting findings and lack of causal evidence are calling for sophisticated methodologies to be able to overcome scientific and technical challenges to better decipher the immunomodulatory role of microbiota. In this perspective, we briefly review the status of the vaccine field in relation to the microbiome and offer possible scientific approaches to better understand the impact of the host microbiome on vaccine responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefanetti
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy,
| | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Department
of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
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16
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Zhang Y, Ding N, Hao X, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li Z. Manual acupuncture benignly regulates blood-brain barrier disruption and reduces lipopolysaccharide loading and systemic inflammation, possibly by adjusting the gut microbiota. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018371. [PMID: 36313024 PMCID: PMC9607933 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis play crucial roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation triggered by gut microbial dysbiosis is an important factor in BBB disruption and systemic inflammation, but the mechanism of acupuncture regulation of BBB disruption via the gut microbiota in AD is not clear. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) on BBB dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice and examined the mechanism of gut microbiota by acupuncture in AD. METHODS Acupoints were applied to Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), and Zusanli (ST36) in the MA group. Mice in the manual acupuncture plus antibiotics (MAa) group received antibiotics and acupuncture, while mice in the probiotics (P) group received probiotics. Alterations in spatial learning and memory, the gut microbiota, tightly connected structure and permeability of BBB, and the expression of LPS and inflammatory factors in each group were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the normal (N) group, cognitive ability was significantly impaired, the gut microbiota composition was markedly altered, the BBB was significantly disrupted, and the expression of LPS in serum and brain, serum TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly increased in the AD group (p < 0.01). These changes were inhibited in the MA and P groups (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), and antibiotics reversed the benign regulatory effects of MA (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Manual acupuncture benignly modulated the gut microbiota and BBB dysfunction, reduced LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These effects were comparable to probiotics. The decrease in LPS load and systemic inflammation may play important roles in the regulation of BBB dysfunction by acupuncture, and the gut microbiota may be a potential target for the benign regulation of BBB disruption by acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- School of International, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Hao X, Ding N, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Li Z. Benign regulation of the gut microbiota: The possible mechanism through which the beneficial effects of manual acupuncture on cognitive ability and intestinal mucosal barrier function occur in APP/PS1 mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:960026. [PMID: 35992924 PMCID: PMC9382294 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.960026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier injury play vital roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that manual acupuncture (MA) could improve the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice. However, the effect of MA on the intestinal mucosal barrier and the gut microbiota mechanism through which this effect occurs remain to be clarified. Methods In the APP/PS1 manual acupuncture (Am) group, MA was applied in Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), and Zusanli (ST36). Mice in the APP/PS1 antibiotic + manual acupuncture (Aa) group were treated with an antibiotic mixture and MA at the same time. Probiotics were delivered to the APP/PS1 probiotics (Ap) group. Alterations in spatial learning and memory, the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier function, and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and TNF-α were evaluated in each group. Results Compared with the C57BL/6 control (Cc) group, cognitive ability was significantly decreased, the gut microbiota structure was obviously disrupted, intestinal barrier integrity was drastically impaired, and the intestinal inflammatory response was enhanced in the APP/PS1 control (Ac) group (P < 0.01). These changes were reversed by MA and probiotics (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), whereas antibiotics inhibited the benign regulation by MA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion Manual acupuncture can benignly modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis, significantly reduce intestinal inflammation, and effectively alleviate the destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier in APP/PS1 mice, and the effects are comparable to those of probiotics. The gut microbiota may play an important role in the improvement of the cognitive function and intestinal barrier function by MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- International School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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18
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Lopez-Tello J, Schofield Z, Kiu R, Dalby MJ, van Sinderen D, Le Gall G, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Hall LJ. Maternal gut microbiota Bifidobacterium promotes placental morphogenesis, nutrient transport and fetal growth in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:386. [PMID: 35760917 PMCID: PMC9236968 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating host metabolism. While substantial progress has been made in discerning how the microbiota influences host functions post birth and beyond, little is known about how key members of the maternal gut microbiota can influence feto-placental growth. Notably, in pregnant women, Bifidobacterium represents a key beneficial microbiota genus, with levels observed to increase across pregnancy. Here, using germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice, we demonstrate that the bacterium Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 modulates maternal body adaptations, placental structure and nutrient transporter capacity, with implications for fetal metabolism and growth. Maternal and placental metabolome were affected by maternal gut microbiota (i.e. acetate, formate and carnitine). Histological analysis of the placenta confirmed that Bifidobacterium modifies placental structure via changes in Igf2P0, Dlk1, Mapk1 and Mapk14 expression. Additionally, B. breve UCC2003, acting through Slc2a1 and Fatp1-4 transporters, was shown to restore fetal glycaemia and fetal growth in association with changes in the fetal hepatic transcriptome. Our work emphasizes the importance of the maternal gut microbiota on feto-placental development and sets a foundation for future research towards the use of probiotics during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zoe Schofield
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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19
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. The Prebiotic Effect of Australian Seaweeds on Commensal Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Simulated Gut Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102163. [PMID: 35631304 PMCID: PMC9146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is known to affect the composition and metabolite production of the human gut microbial community, which in turn is linked with the health and immune status of the host. Whole seaweeds (WH) and their extracts contain prebiotic components such as polysaccharides (PS) and polyphenols (PP). In this study, the Australian seaweeds, Phyllospora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Ulva ohnoi, and their PS and PP extracts were assessed for potential prebiotic activities using an in vitro gut model that included fresh human faecal inoculum. 16S rRNA sequencing post gut simulation treatment revealed that the abundance of several taxa of commensal bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes linked with short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut and immune function, including the lactic acid producing order Lactobacillales and the chief butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacteria, Roseburia, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus were significantly enhanced by the inclusion of WH, PS and PP extracts. After 24 h fermentation, the abundance of total Firmicutes ranged from 57.35−81.55% in the WH, PS and PP samples, which was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than the inulin (INU) polysaccharide control (32.50%) and the epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) polyphenol control (67.13%); with the exception of P. comosa PP (57.35%), which was significantly greater than INU only. However, all WH, PS and PP samples also increased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; while the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was decreased by WH and PS samples. After 24 h incubation, the total and individual SCFAs present, including butyric, acetic and propionic acids produced by bacteria fermented with E. radiata and U. ohnoi, were significantly greater than the SCFAs identified in the INU and EGCG controls. Most notably, total SCFAs in the E. radiata PS and U. ohnoi WH samples were 227.53 and 208.68 µmol/mL, respectively, compared to only 71.05 µmol/mL in INU and 7.76 µmol/mL in the EGCG samples. This study demonstrates that whole seaweeds and their extracts have potential as functional food ingredients to support normal gut and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059980
| | - Michael Conlon
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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20
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Aguanno D, Metwaly A, Coleman OI, Haller D. Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 38046357 PMCID: PMC10688821 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with various human diseases of the digestive system, including obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). All three diseases are characterized by modifications of the richness, composition, and metabolic functions of the human intestinal microbiota. Despite being multi-factorial diseases, studies in germ-free animal models have unarguably identified the intestinal microbiota as a causal driver of disease pathogenesis. However, for an increased mechanistic understanding of microbial signatures in human diseases, models require detailed refinement to closely mimic the human microbiota and reflect the complexity and range of dysbiosis observed in patients. The transplantation of human fecal microbiota into animal models represents a powerful tool for studying the causal and functional role of the dysbiotic human microbiome in a pathological context. While human microbiota-associated models were initially employed to study obesity, an increasing number of studies have applied this approach in the context of IBD and CRC over the past decade. In this review, we discuss different approaches that allow the functional validation of the bacterial contribution to human diseases, with emphasis on obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, IBD, and CRC. We discuss the utility of simple models, such as in vitro fermentation systems of the human microbiota and ex vivo intestinal organoids, as well as more complex whole organism models. Our focus here lies on human microbiota-associated mouse models in the context of all three diseases, as well as highlighting the advantages and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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21
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Antioxidant Activity, Metal Chelating Ability and DNA Protective Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extracts of Crocus sativus Stigmas, Tepals and Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050932. [PMID: 35624796 PMCID: PMC9137568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant activity, metal chelating ability and genoprotective effect of the hydroethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus stigmas (STG), tepals (TPL) and leaves (LV). We evaluated the antioxidant and metal (Fe2+ and Cu2+) chelating activities of the stigmas, tepals and leaves of C. sativus. Similarly, we examined the genotoxic and DNA protective effect of these parts on rat leukocytes by comet assay. The results showed that TPL contains the best polyphenol content (64.66 µg GA eq/mg extract). The highest radical scavenging activity is shown by the TPL (DPPH radical scavenging activity: IC50 = 80.73 µg/mL). The same extracts gave a better ferric reducing power at a dose of 50 µg/mL, and better protective activity against β-carotene degradation (39.31% of oxidized β-carotene at a 100 µg/mL dose). In addition, they showed a good chelating ability of Fe2+ (48.7% at a 500 µg/mL dose) and Cu2+ (85.02% at a dose of 500 µg/mL). Thus, the antioxidant activity and metal chelating ability in the C. sativus plant is important, and it varies according to the part and dose used. In addition, pretreatment with STG, TPL and LV significantly (p < 0.001) protected rat leukocytes against the elevation of percent DNA in the tail, tail length and tail moment in streptozotocin- and alloxan-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that C. sativus by-products contain natural antioxidant, metal chelating and DNA protective compounds, which are capable of reducing the risk of cancer and other diseases associated with daily exposure to genotoxic xenobiotics.
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22
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Wang B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Dai T, Qin Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 35487886 PMCID: PMC9052735 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A high proportion of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Moreover, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the primary habitats of human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection as they express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at high levels. There is accumulating evidence that the microbiota are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota are powerful immunomodulatory factors in various human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and certain viral infections. In the present review, we explore the associations between host microbiota and COVID-19 in terms of their clinical relevance. Microbiota-derived metabolites or components are the main mediators of microbiota-host interactions that influence host immunity. Hence, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites or components modulate the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we review and discuss a variety of possible microbiota-based prophylaxes and therapies for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria. This treatment strategy could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ziran Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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23
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Shmeleva EV, Gomez de Agüero M, Wagner J, Enright AJ, Macpherson AJ, Ferguson BJ, Smith GL. Smallpox vaccination induces a substantial increase in commensal skin bacteria that promote pathology and influence the host response. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1009854. [PMID: 35446919 PMCID: PMC9022886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between pathogens, host microbiota and the immune system influence many physiological and pathological processes. In the 20th century, widespread dermal vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) led to the eradication of smallpox but how VACV interacts with the microbiota and whether this influences the efficacy of vaccination are largely unknown. Here we report that intradermal vaccination with VACV induces a large increase in the number of commensal bacteria in infected tissue, which enhance recruitment of inflammatory cells, promote tissue damage and influence the host response. Treatment of vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice with antibiotic, or infection of genetically-matched germ-free (GF) animals caused smaller lesions without alteration in virus titre. Tissue damage correlated with enhanced neutrophil and T cell infiltration and levels of pro-inflammatory tissue cytokines and chemokines. One month after vaccination, GF and both groups of SPF mice had equal numbers of VACV-specific CD8+ T cells and were protected from disease induced by VACV challenge, despite lower levels of VACV-neutralising antibodies observed in GF animals. Thus, skin microbiota may provide an adjuvant-like stimulus during vaccination with VACV and influence the host response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josef Wagner
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J. Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian J. Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey L. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020294. [PMID: 35214752 PMCID: PMC8874781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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Lynn DJ, Benson SC, Lynn MA, Pulendran B. Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:33-46. [PMID: 34002068 PMCID: PMC8127454 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for highly effective vaccines that induce robust and long-lasting immunity has never been more apparent. However, for reasons that are still poorly understood, immune responses to vaccination are highly variable between different individuals and different populations. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently suboptimal in the very populations who are at most risk from infectious disease, including infants, the elderly, and those living in low-income and middle-income countries. Although many factors have the potential to influence vaccine immunogenicity and therefore vaccine effectiveness, increasing evidence from clinical studies and animal models now suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccination. In this Review, we synthesize this evidence, discuss the immunological mechanisms that potentially mediate these effects and consider the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Swaminathan G, Citron M, Xiao J, Norton JE, Reens AL, Topçuoğlu BD, Maritz JM, Lee KJ, Freed DC, Weber TM, White CH, Kadam M, Spofford E, Bryant-Hall E, Salituro G, Kommineni S, Liang X, Danilchanka O, Fontenot JA, Woelk CH, Gutierrez DA, Hazuda DJ, Hannigan GD. Vaccine Hyporesponse Induced by Individual Antibiotic Treatment in Mice and Non-Human Primates Is Diminished upon Recovery of the Gut Microbiome. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111340. [PMID: 34835271 PMCID: PMC8619314 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates a connection between microbiome composition and suboptimal response to vaccines (vaccine hyporesponse). Harnessing the interaction between microbes and the immune system could provide novel therapeutic strategies for improving vaccine response. Currently we do not fully understand the mechanisms and dynamics by which the microbiome influences vaccine response. Using both mouse and non-human primate models, we report that short-term oral treatment with a single antibiotic (vancomycin) results in the disruption of the gut microbiome and this correlates with a decrease in systemic levels of antigen-specific IgG upon subsequent parenteral vaccination. We further show that recovery of microbial diversity before vaccination prevents antibiotic-induced vaccine hyporesponse, and that the antigen specific IgG response correlates with the recovery of microbiome diversity. RNA sequencing analysis of small intestine, spleen, whole blood, and secondary lymphoid organs from antibiotic treated mice revealed a dramatic impact on the immune system, and a muted inflammatory signature is correlated with loss of bacteria from Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae. These results suggest that microbially modulated immune pathways may be leveraged to promote vaccine response and will inform future vaccine design and development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Michael Citron
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA; (M.C.); (J.X.); (D.C.F.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Jianying Xiao
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA; (M.C.); (J.X.); (D.C.F.); (T.M.W.)
| | - James E. Norton
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Abigail L. Reens
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Begüm D. Topçuoğlu
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Julia M. Maritz
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Keun-Joong Lee
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (K.-J.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Daniel C. Freed
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA; (M.C.); (J.X.); (D.C.F.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Teresa M. Weber
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA; (M.C.); (J.X.); (D.C.F.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Cory H. White
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Mahika Kadam
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Erin Spofford
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Research, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.S.); (E.B.-H.)
| | - Erin Bryant-Hall
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Research, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.S.); (E.B.-H.)
| | - Gino Salituro
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (K.-J.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Sushma Kommineni
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Xue Liang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Olga Danilchanka
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Jane A. Fontenot
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA;
| | - Christopher H. Woelk
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Dario A. Gutierrez
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA; (M.C.); (J.X.); (D.C.F.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Geoffrey D. Hannigan
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.E.N.J.); (A.L.R.); (B.D.T.); (J.M.M.); (C.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (X.L.); (O.D.); (C.H.W.); (D.A.G.); (D.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (G.D.H.)
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Haile AF, Woodfint RM, Kim E, Joldrichsen MR, Berhe N, Gebreyes WA, Boyaka PN. Broad-Spectrum and Gram-Negative-Targeting Antibiotics Differentially Regulate Antibody Isotype Responses to Injected Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111240. [PMID: 34835171 PMCID: PMC8619726 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively used worldwide for the treatment of common infections by agents such as E. coli and Salmonella. They also represent the most common cause of alteration of the microbiota in people. We addressed whether broad-spectrum and Gram-negative-targeting antibiotics differentially regulate systemic and mucosal immune responses to vaccines. Antibiotics treatment enhances serum IgG1 responses in mice immunized systemically with a model polyvalent vaccine. This increase was not seen for other IgG subclasses and was dependent on the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens. The broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail also enhanced serum IgA responses. Interestingly, both the broad spectrum and the antibiotic targeting Gram-negative bacteria enhanced the number of IgA antibody secreting cells in the intestinal lamina propria. This effect was unlikely to be due to an increase in cells expressing gut-homing receptors (i.e., CCR9 and α4β7) in peripheral tissues. On the other hand, the microbiome in mice treated with antibiotics was characterized by an overall reduction of the number of firmicutes. Furthermore, Bacteroidetes were increased by either treatment, and Proteobacteria were increased by the broad-spectrum antibiotics cocktail. Thus, immunoglobulin isotype and subclass responses are differentially regulated by oral antibiotics treatment and the gut microbiota shapes mucosal antibody responses after systemic immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu F. Haile
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Rachel M. Woodfint
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Marisa R. Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Wondwoossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Prosper N. Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196076. [PMID: 34641619 PMCID: PMC8512487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
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Pastor-Ibáñez R, Díez-Fuertes F, Sánchez-Palomino S, Alcamí J, Plana M, Torrents D, Leal L, García F. Impact of Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome on the Response of HIV-1 Infected Individuals to a Dendritic Cell-Based HIV Therapeutic Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070694. [PMID: 34202658 PMCID: PMC8310021 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines based on dendritic cells offer a good approach to HIV-specific T-cell responses and partial control of the viral load after antiretroviral therapy interruption. The aim of the present study was to identify mRNA expression profiles and to assess the impact of the gut microbiome composition for predicting the viral load control after antiretroviral therapy interruption. We enrolled 29 patients to receive either placebo or a monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccine. Patients with a decrease in their viral load of >0.5 log10 copies/mL by 12 weeks after antiretroviral therapy interruption were considered responders. In total, 66 genes were considered differentially expressed between responders and non-responders. Enrichment analysis revealed several upregulated pathways involved in the host defense response to a virus via the type I interferon signaling pathway. Regarding the gut microbiota, responders showed enriched levels of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.005) and Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.017), while non-responders were enriched with Tenericutes (p = 0.049) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.005). We also found important differences at the genus level. However, we did not discover any effect of the dendritic cell vaccine on the transcriptome or the gut microbiota. An alternative analysis did characterize that the microbiota from responders were associated with the metabolic production of short-chain fatty acids, which are key metabolites in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. The evidence now consistently shows that short-chain fatty acid depletion occurs in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Pastor-Ibáñez
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Jose Alcamí
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. de Pozuelo, 28, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Plana
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
| | - David Torrents
- Computational Genomics Groups, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça d’Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lorna Leal
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Infectious Diseases—Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-275-586; Fax: +34-934-514-438
| | - Felipe García
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (S.S.-P.); (J.A.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Infectious Diseases—Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Reens AL, Cabral DJ, Liang X, Norton JE, Therien AG, Hazuda DJ, Swaminathan G. Immunomodulation by the Commensal Microbiome During Immune-Targeted Interventions: Focus on Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643255. [PMID: 34054810 PMCID: PMC8155485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence in clinical and preclinical studies indicates that success of immunotherapies can be impacted by the state of the microbiome. Understanding the role of the microbiome during immune-targeted interventions could help us understand heterogeneity of treatment success, predict outcomes, and develop additional strategies to improve efficacy. In this review, we discuss key studies that reveal reciprocal interactions between the microbiome, the immune system, and the outcome of immune interventions. We focus on cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and vaccination as two crucial therapeutic areas with strong potential for immunomodulation by the microbiota. By juxtaposing studies across both therapeutic areas, we highlight three factors prominently involved in microbial immunomodulation: short-chain fatty acids, microbe-associate molecular patterns (MAMPs), and inflammatory cytokines. Continued interrogation of these models and pathways may reveal critical mechanistic synergies between the microbiome and the immune system, resulting in novel approaches designed to influence the efficacy of immune-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Reens
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Damien J. Cabral
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xue Liang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - James E. Norton
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alex G. Therien
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Gokul Swaminathan
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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Tzeng A, Sangwan N, Jia M, Liu CC, Keslar KS, Downs-Kelly E, Fairchild RL, Al-Hilli Z, Grobmyer SR, Eng C. Human breast microbiome correlates with prognostic features and immunological signatures in breast cancer. Genome Med 2021; 13:60. [PMID: 33863341 PMCID: PMC8052771 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, over half of breast cancer cases are unrelated to known risk factors, highlighting the importance of discovering other cancer-promoting factors. Since crosstalk between gut microbes and host immunity contributes to many diseases, we hypothesized that similar interactions could occur between the recently described breast microbiome and local immune responses to influence breast cancer pathogenesis. METHODS Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the microbiome of human breast tissue in a total of 221 patients with breast cancer, 18 individuals predisposed to breast cancer, and 69 controls. We performed bioinformatic analyses using a DADA2-based pipeline and applied linear models with White's t or Kruskal-Wallis H-tests with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction to identify taxonomic groups associated with prognostic clinicopathologic features. We then used network analysis based on Spearman coefficients to correlate specific bacterial taxa with immunological data from NanoString gene expression and 65-plex cytokine assays. RESULTS Multiple bacterial genera exhibited significant differences in relative abundance when stratifying by breast tissue type (tumor, tumor adjacent normal, high-risk, healthy control), cancer stage, grade, histologic subtype, receptor status, lymphovascular invasion, or node-positive status, even after adjusting for confounding variables. Microbiome-immune networks within the breast tended to be bacteria-centric, with sparse structure in tumors and more interconnected structure in benign tissues. Notably, Anaerococcus, Caulobacter, and Streptococcus, which were major bacterial hubs in benign tissue networks, were absent from cancer-associated tissue networks. In addition, Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus, which were depleted in tumors, showed negative associations with oncogenic immune features; Streptococcus and Propionibacterium also correlated positively with T-cell activation-related genes. CONCLUSIONS This study, the largest to date comparing healthy versus cancer-associated breast microbiomes using fresh-frozen surgical specimens and immune correlates, provides insight into microbial profiles that correspond with prognostic clinicopathologic features in breast cancer. It additionally presents evidence for local microbial-immune interplay in breast cancer that merits further investigation and has preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tzeng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Microbiome Composition and Analytics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Margaret Jia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chin-Chih Liu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Karen S Keslar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Erinn Downs-Kelly
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Zahraa Al-Hilli
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Stephen R Grobmyer
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Oncology Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Germline High Risk Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Wang P, Tu K, Cao P, Yang Y, Zhang H, Qiu XT, Zhang MM, Wu XJ, Yang H, Chen T. Antibiotics-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis caused behavioral alternations and neuronal activation in different brain regions in mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 33676528 PMCID: PMC7937204 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics affect gut microbial composition, leading to Gut-Brain-Axis imbalance and neurobehavioral changes. However, the intestinal dysbacteriosis associated behavior changes are not consistently reported. It is not clear whether these changes are transient or permanent. The neuroprotective effect of probiotics against intestinal dysbacteriosis induced alternations needs to be determined either. In the present study, oral antibiotic mixture including Ampicillin, Streptomycin, and Clindamycin was utilized to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. Antibiotics application triggered mechanical allodynia in von frey test and spontaneous pain in open field test. It also resulted in increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and damaged spatial memory performance. After application of probiotics, the mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain were alleviated significantly. The anxiety behaviors, depressive-like behaviors and recognitive performance were ameliorative as well. By using Fos protein as a marker, it is found that the sensory, emotion and memory related brain regions were activated in mice with intestinal dysbacteriosis. Our study is not only helpful for enriching our basic knowledge for understanding the changed pain responses and related brain disorders in antibiotics-induced dysbacteriosis mice, but also beneficial for providing a more comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the regulation of antibiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota and relevant alternations in animal neurological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tibet Military District, Lhasa, Tibet, 850007, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Air Force Medical University, Xi`an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, China
| | - Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Yakabe K, Uchiyama J, Akiyama M, Kim YG. Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:163. [PMID: 33530627 PMCID: PMC7911583 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use vary in individuals; this is a limitation that must be overcome to improve vaccine efficacy. Several reports have indicated that the symbiotic bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, impact vaccine-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and promote the induction of nonspecific responses via the "training" of innate immune cells. Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota and innate immune cells should be considered to ensure the optimal immunogenicity of vaccines and adjuvants. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms of vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, we discuss how the gut microbiota influences immunity and highlight the relationship between gut microbes and trained innate immunity, vaccines, and adjuvants. Understanding these complex interactions will provide insights into novel vaccine approaches centered on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Yakabe
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.U.); (M.A.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Uchiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.U.); (M.A.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.U.); (M.A.)
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.U.); (M.A.)
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. Phenolic Compounds Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microbiota Modulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020145. [PMID: 33499333 PMCID: PMC7912052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are nowadays the principal cause of death, especially in most industrialized nations. These illnesses have increased exponentially with the consumption of diets very high in fat and sugar, not to mention stress and physical inactivity among other factors. The potential impact of suboptimal diets on NCDs’ morbidity and mortality rates brings to the forefront the necessity for a new way of improving dietary habits. The literature provides extensive scientific work that presents evidence that phenolic compounds from diets have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities that impact human health. Gut microbiota modulation by some phenolic compounds leads to favorable changes in abundance, diversity, and in the immune system. However, polyphenol’s limited bioavailability needs to be overcome, highlighting their application in new delivery systems and providing their health benefits in well-established ways such as health maintenance, treatment or adjuvant to conventional pharmacological treatments. In this context, novel dietary approaches, including new food supplements, have emerged to prevent diseases and preserve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-96-3654-899
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
There remains to this day a great gap in understanding as to the role of B cells and their products-antibodies and cytokines-in mediating the protective response to Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the group of facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens. We previously have demonstrated that Francisella interacts directly with peritoneal B-1a cells. Here, we demonstrate that, as early as 12 h postinfection, germ-free mice infected with Francisella tularensis produce infection-induced antibody clones reacting with Francisella tularensis proteins having orthologs or analogs in eukaryotic cells. Production of some individual clones was limited in time and was influenced by virulence of the Francisella strain used. The phylogenetically stabilized defense mechanism can utilize these early infection-induced antibodies both to recognize components of the invading pathogens and to eliminate molecular residues of infection-damaged self cells.
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Zhao W, Ren Z, Luo Y, Cheng J, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yao X, Zhong Z, Yang W, Wu X. Metagenomics analysis of the gut microbiome in healthy and bacterial pneumonia forest musk deer. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:43-53. [PMID: 33428153 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii) is an threatened species in China. Bacterial pneumonia was found to seriously restrict the development of FMD captive breeding. Historical evidence has demonstrated the relationship between immune system and intestinal Lactobacillus in FMD. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the differences in the gut microbiota of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD. METHODS The bacterial pneumonia FMD was demonstrated by bacterial and pathological diagnosis, and the gut microbiome of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD was sequenced and analysed. RESULTS There are three pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equinus and Trueperella pyogenes) isolated from the bacterial pneumonia FMD individuals. Compared with the healthy group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the pneumonia group was changed, and a high level of Proteobacteria was found in the pneumonia group. In addition, a higher abundance of Acinetobacter (p = 0.01) was observed in the population of the pneumonia group compared with the healthy group. Several potentially harmful bacteria and disease-related KEGG subsystems were only found in the gut of the bacterial pneumonia group. Analysis of KEGG revealed that many genes related to type IV secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharide export system, HTH-type transcriptional regulator/antitoxin MqsA, and ArsR family transcriptional regulator were significantly enriched in the metagenome of the bacterial pneumonia FMD. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiome was significantly altered in the bacterial pneumonia group. Overall, our research improves the understanding of the potential role of the gut microbiota in the FMD bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Kamareddine L, Najjar H, Sohail MU, Abdulkader H, Al-Asmakh M. The Microbiota and Gut-Related Disorders: Insights from Animal Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112401. [PMID: 33147801 PMCID: PMC7693214 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the scientific committee has called for broadening our horizons in understanding host–microbe interactions and infectious disease progression. Owing to the fact that the human gut harbors trillions of microbes that exhibit various roles including the production of vitamins, absorption of nutrients, pathogen displacement, and development of the host immune system, particular attention has been given to the use of germ-free (GF) animal models in unraveling the effect of the gut microbiota on the physiology and pathophysiology of the host. In this review, we discuss common methods used to generate GF fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice model systems and highlight the use of these GF model organisms in addressing the role of gut-microbiota in gut-related disorders (metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer), and in activating host defense mechanisms and amending pathogenic virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hoda Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadil Abdulkader
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-4789
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Prevotella in Pigs: The Positive and Negative Associations with Production and Health. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101584. [PMID: 33066697 PMCID: PMC7602465 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse and dynamic microbial community (known as microbiota) resides within the pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The microbiota contributes to host health and performance by mediating nutrient metabolism, stimulating the immune system, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens. Manipulation of gut microbiota to enhance growth performance and disease resilience in pigs has recently become an active area of research in an era defined by increasing scrutiny of antimicrobial use in swine production. In order to develop microbiota-targeted strategies, or to identify potential next-generation probiotic strains originating from the endogenous members of GIT microbiota in pigs, it is necessary to understand the role of key commensal members in host health. Many, though not all, correlative studies have associated members of the genus Prevotella with positive outcomes in pig production, including growth performance and immune response; therefore, a comprehensive review of the genus in the context of pig production is needed. In the present review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the genus Prevotella in the intestinal microbial community of pigs, including relevant information from other animal species that provide mechanistic insights, and identify gaps in knowledge that must be addressed before development of Prevotella species as next-generation probiotics can be supported.
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Challenges for the Newborn Immune Response to Respiratory Virus Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040558. [PMID: 32987691 PMCID: PMC7712002 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial months of life reflect an extremely challenging time for newborns as a naïve immune system is bombarded with a large array of pathogens, commensals, and other foreign entities. In many instances, the immune response of young infants is dampened or altered, resulting in increased susceptibility and disease following infection. This is the result of both qualitative and quantitative changes in the response of multiple cell types across the immune system. Here we provide a review of the challenges associated with the newborn response to respiratory viral pathogens as well as the hurdles and advances for vaccine-mediated protection.
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Hosomi K, Kunisawa J. Impact of the intestinal environment on the immune responses to vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:6959-6965. [PMID: 32933791 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has contributed greatly to the control of infectious diseases; however, regional and individual differences are occasionally observed in the efficacy of vaccination. As one explanation for these differences, much attention has focused on the intestinal environment constructed by the interaction of diet and the gut microbiota. The intestinal environment has several physiological effects on the host immune system, both locally and systemically, and consequently influences the efficacy of vaccination. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota and dietary nutrients on systemic and oral vaccination as well as their applications in various strategies for immunoregulation, including use as vaccine adjuvants. This information could contribute to establishing methods of personalized vaccination that would optimize host immunity by changing the gut environment to maximize vaccine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan.
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Density, Osaka University, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Japan.
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Munyaka PM, Blanc F, Estellé J, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Rossignol MN, Jardet D, Plastow G, Billon Y, Willing BP, Rogel-Gaillard C. Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1151. [PMID: 32751315 PMCID: PMC7464067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota comprises a large and diverse community of bacteria that play a significant role in swine health. Indeed, there is a tight association between the enteric immune system and the overall composition and richness of the microbiota, which is key in the induction, training and function of the host immunity, and may therefore, influence the immune response to vaccination. Using vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) as a model, we investigated the potential of early-life gut microbiota in predicting vaccine response and explored the post-vaccination dynamics of fecal microbiota at later time points. At 28 days of age (0 days post-vaccination; dpv), healthy piglets were vaccinated, and a booster vaccine was administered at 21 dpv. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 28, 35, and 118 dpv to measure M. hyo-specific IgG levels. Fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected at 0, 21, 35, and 118 dpv. The results showed variability in antibody response among individual pigs, whilst pre-vaccination operational taxonomic units (OTUs) primarily belonging to Prevotella, [Prevotella], Anaerovibrio, and Sutterella appeared to best-predict vaccine response. Microbiota composition did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs at post-vaccination time points, but the time effect was significant irrespective of the animals' vaccination status. Our study provides insight into the role of pre-vaccination gut microbiota composition in vaccine response and emphasizes the importance of studies on full metagenomes and microbial metabolites aimed at deciphering the role of specific bacteria and bacterial genes in the modulation of vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peris M. Munyaka
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (G.P.); (B.P.W.)
| | - Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Déborah Jardet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (G.P.); (B.P.W.)
- Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (G.P.); (B.P.W.)
| | - Claire Rogel-Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (P.M.M.); (F.B.); (J.E.); (G.L.); (J.-J.L.); (M.-N.R.); (D.J.)
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Cicalese E, Lamousé-Smith E, Randis TM, Ratner AJ. Group B streptococcal transmission rates as determined by PCR. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:509-513. [PMID: 32305955 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of neonatal sepsis. GBS colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may be a critical precursor for late-onset infection. Assessment of the rate of neonatal GBS intestinal colonization has generally relied upon culture-based methods. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture to determine the rate of GBS transmission to neonates. We hypothesized that PCR may enhance the detection of neonatal GBS colonization of the GIT, and that the rate will be higher when evaluated with PCR as compared to culture. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, in which mothers who were positive for GBS on routine screening and their healthy infants were eligible for recruitment. Newborn stool was collected after 24 h of life and before hospital discharge, and stored at -80°C for culture and PCR targeting the GBS-specific surface immunogenic protein (sip) gene. Results A total of 94 mother-infant pairs were enrolled; of these pairs, stool was collected from 83 infants. Based on PCR, the overall GBS transmission rate was 3.6% (3/83). The transmission rate was 2.4% (1/41) among vaginal deliveries and 4.8% (2/42) among cesarean deliveries. The results of culture-based transmission detection were identical. Conclusion These results indicate that the rate of GBS transmission is low and that detection may not be enhanced by PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Cicalese
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Attending Neonatologist, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, 317 East 34Street, Suite 902, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tara M Randis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Ratner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Vargason AM, Santhosh S, Anselmo AC. Surface Modifications for Improved Delivery and Function of Therapeutic Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001705. [PMID: 32410314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Live therapeutic bacteria (LTBs) hold promise to treat microbiome-related diseases. However, few approaches to improve the colonization of LTBs in the gastrointestinal tract exist, despite colonization being a prerequisite for efficacy of many LTBs. Here, a modular platform to rapidly modify the surface of LTBs to enable receptor-specific interactions with target surfaces is reported. Inspired by bacterial adhesins that facilitate colonization, synthetic adhesins (SAs) are developed for LTBs in the form of antibodies conjugated to their surface. The SA platform is nontoxic, does not alter LTB growth kinetics, and can be used with any antibody or bacterial strain combination. By improving adhesion, SA-modified bacteria demonstrate enhanced in vitro pathogen exclusion from cell monolayers. In vivo kinetics of SA-modified LTBs is tracked in the feces and intestines of treated mice, demonstrating that SA-modified bacteria alter short-term intestinal transit and improve LTB colonization and pharmacokinetics. This platform enables rapid formation of an intestinal niche, leading to an increased maximum concentration and a 20% improvement in total LTB exposure. This work is the first application of traditional pharmacokinetic analysis to design and evaluate LTB drug delivery systems and provides a platform toward controlling adhesion, colonization, and efficacy of LTBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Vargason
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shruti Santhosh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Liu L, Liu Z, Li H, Cao Z, Li W, Song Z, Li X, Lu A, Lu C, Liu Y. Naturally Occurring TPE-CA Maintains Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Homeostasis via FXR Signaling Modulation of the Liver-Gut Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32116693 PMCID: PMC7015895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics-induced changes in intestinal flora (dysbiosis) may have various effects on the host. Dysbiosis is associated with numerous metabolites including bile acids, which are produced in the liver from cholesterol and metabolized in the gut by intestinal microbiota. Total phenolic extracts of Citrus aurantium L. (TPE-CA) are rich in dietary flavanones and their glycosyl derivatives, including flavones, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and coumarins, which exert positive health effects on the microbiota. The aim of this study is to elucidate the interplays between the intestinal microbiota and bile acids metabolism attributed to antibiotics. Mice were exposed to broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as ampicillin, streptomycin and clindamycin, for 14 days. This exposure resulted in reduced bacterial diversity and richness, and destroyed intestinal permeability. The homeostasis of bile acids was also affected. Subsequent TPE-CA administration, counteracted most of the dysbiosis, and reshaped intestinal permeability, these effects occurred via upregulation of zonula occludens 1 and occludin associated proteins and downregulation of serum endotoxin compared to the antibiotics group. TPE-CA maintained the homeostasis of bile acids via modulation of the liver-gut axis related farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) pathway and FXR-targeted protein. Our findings indicated that TPE-CA exerted a protective effect on the restoration of intestinal microbiota composition, reshaped barrier integrity and maintained bile acid homeostasis via the liver-gut axis with antibiotics-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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45
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Shekhar S, Petersen FC. The Dark Side of Antibiotics: Adverse Effects on the Infant Immune Defense Against Infection. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:544460. [PMID: 33178650 PMCID: PMC7593395 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.544460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotics confer significant health benefits in treating or preventing bacterial infections, an accumulating wealth of evidence illustrates their detrimental effect on host-microbiota homeostasis, posing a serious menace to the global public health. In recent years, it is becoming evident that infants, who are subjected to frequent antibiotic exposures due to their vulnerability to infection, reflect increased susceptibility to a wide spectrum of diseases, including infection, in later life. Antibiotics induce perturbations of the microbiota or dysbiosis, which in turn alters the host immune responses against pathogens. In comparison with adults, antibiotic treatments in infants have disproportionate consequences because the infant microbiota represents an evolving system that is unstable and immature until 2-3 years of age. However, relatively less knowledge is available on how antibiotics affect the infant microbiota and immunity. In this review article, we focus on how antibiotic treatment regimens influence the infant innate and adaptive immunity to pathogens in humans and animal models, and make the host susceptible to infections in later life. There is a critical need to better understand the effect of antibiotics on infant immune function, which may have implications for developing effective prophylactics and therapeutics against diseases in infants and adults.
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Moskowitz JE, Devkota S. Determinants of Microbial Antibiotic Susceptibility: The Commensal Gut Microbiota Perspective. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:574-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Song Y, Malmuthuge N, Li F, Guan LL. Colostrum feeding shapes the hindgut microbiota of dairy calves during the first 12 h of life. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5127040. [PMID: 30307547 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of feeding non-heated and heated colostrum on the mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota in the colon of dairy calves during the first 12 h of life. Thirty-two neonatal Holstein male calves were fed: no colostrum (NC, n = 8), non-heated colostrum (FC, n = 12) and heated colostrum (HC (60 °C, 60 min), n = 12) immediately after birth. The abundances of mucosa- and digesta-associated total bacteria were higher in the colon of FC fed calves compared to those fed no colostrum (NC) at 12 h of life. Compare to NC calves, a higher proportion of mucosa- and digesta-associated Clostridium cluster XIVa and Bifidobacterium, and a lower abundance of mucosa and digesta-associated E. coli were detected in the colon of FC and HC fed calves, as well as a tentatively lower relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella genus in colon mucosa of HC fed calves. In addition, HC calves had lower abundances of E. coli and higher abundances of Bifidobacterium in mucosa-associated microbiota than FC fed calves. Our results suggest that feeding non-heated colostrum immediately after birth benefit neonatal calves with increased Bifidobacterium and decreased opportunistic pathogenic E. coli and Escherichia-Shigella genus in the colon, and feeding heated colostrum can fortify such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2P5, Canada
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48
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Vlasova AN, Takanashi S, Miyazaki A, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ. How the gut microbiome regulates host immune responses to viral vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:16-25. [PMID: 31163292 PMCID: PMC6863389 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-evolution of the microbiota and immune system has forged a mutually beneficial relationship. This relationship allows the host to maintain the balance between active immunity to pathogens and vaccines and tolerance to self-antigens and food antigens. In children living in low-income and middle-income countries, undernourishment and repetitive gastrointestinal infections are associated with the failure of oral vaccines. Intestinal dysbiosis associated with these environmental influences, as well as some host-related factors, compromises immune responses and negatively impacts vaccine efficacy. To understand how immune responses to viral vaccines can be optimally modulated, mechanistic studies of the relationship between the microbiome, host genetics, viral infections and the development and function of the immune system are needed. We discuss the potential role of the microbiome in modulating vaccine responses in the context of a growing understanding of the relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota, host related factors (including histo-blood group antigens) and resident immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Sayaka Takanashi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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Kennedy EA, King KY, Baldridge MT. Mouse Microbiota Models: Comparing Germ-Free Mice and Antibiotics Treatment as Tools for Modifying Gut Bacteria. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1534. [PMID: 30429801 PMCID: PMC6220354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the intestinal microbiota has become better appreciated as necessary for maintenance of physiologic homeostasis and also as a modulator of disease processes, there has been a corresponding increase in manipulation of the microbiota in mouse models. While germ-free mouse models are generally considered to be the gold standard for studies of the microbiota, many investigators turn to antibiotics treatment models as a rapid, inexpensive, and accessible alternative. Here we describe and compare these two approaches, detailing advantages and disadvantages to both. Further, we detail what is known about the effects of antibiotics treatment on cell populations, cytokines, and organs, and clarify how this compares to germ-free models. Finally, we briefly describe recent findings regarding microbiota regulation of infectious diseases and other immunologic challenges by the microbiota, and highlight important future directions and considerations for the use of antibiotics treatment in manipulation of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Kennedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Mou H, Yang F, Zhou J, Bao C. Correlation of liver function with intestinal flora, vitamin deficiency and IL-17A in patients with liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4082-4088. [PMID: 30344685 PMCID: PMC6176138 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of liver function, intestinal flora, vitamin D and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with posthepatitic cirrhosis and admitted into Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital (Yantai, China) from January to December in 2012 (liver cirrhosis group), and 52 patients with chronic hepatitis B (hepatitis group), and 40 healthy volunteers receiving physical examination in the hospital (normal control group) were selected into the study. The liver function, hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, intestinal flora distribution, vitamin D and IL-17A levels of all patients were detected, and the correlation among them was analyzed via Pearson's analysis. The number of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups was significantly greater than in the normal control group (P<0.05), but the number of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the serum IL-17A levels in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were obviously higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05), but the serum vitamin D 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)2D levels were obviously lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). In patients with liver cirrhosis, Enterobacteriaceae was positively correlated with prothrombin time (PT), Enterococcus was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with AST, alkline phosphatase (AKP) and HBV DNA levels, and Bacteroides was negatively correlated with AST level and PT. There was a significant negative correlation between serum IL-17A and total bilirubin in patients with liver cirrhosis, and 25(OH) D was negatively correlated with AST, AKP and HBV DNA levels. In patients with liver cirrhosis, there was significant positive correlation between Enterococcus and IL-17A, and between Lactobacillus and 25(OH)D, but other bacteria were not obviously associated with IL-17A and vitamin D. Intestinal flora imbalance, vitamin D deficiency and IL-17A imbalance play an important role in the evolution of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Mou
- Department of Public Health, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Outpatient Department, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Zhou
- Medical Department, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Cuixia Bao
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao, University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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