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Fongsodsri K, Tiyasatkulkovit W, Chaisri U, Reamtong O, Adisakwattana P, Supasai S, Kanjanapruthipong T, Sukphopetch P, Aramwit P, Ampawong S. Sericin promotes chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation via glycolysis and Smad2/3 TGF-β signaling inductions and alleviates inflammation in three-dimensional models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11553. [PMID: 38773312 PMCID: PMC11109159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease mainly characterized by cartilage degeneration. The treatment is challenging due to the lack of blood vessels and nerve supplies in cartilaginous tissue, causing a prominent limitation of regenerative capacity. Hence, we investigated the cellular promotional and anti-inflammatory effects of sericin, Bombyx mori-derived protein, on three-dimensional chondrogenic ATDC5 cell models. The results revealed that a high concentration of sericin promoted chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation and enhanced matrix production through the increment of glycosaminoglycans, COL2A1, COL X, and ALP expressions. SOX-9 and COL2A1 gene expressions were notably elevated in sericin treatment. The proteomic analysis demonstrated the upregulation of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and triosephosphate isomerase, a glycolytic enzyme member, reflecting the proliferative enhancement of sericin. The differentiation capacity of sericin was indicated by the increased expressions of procollagen12a1, collagen10a1, rab1A, periostin, galectin-1, and collagen6a3 proteins. Sericin influenced the differentiation capacity via the TGF-β signaling pathway by upregulating Smad2 and Smad3 while downregulating Smad1, BMP2, and BMP4. Importantly, sericin exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-1 expressions and accelerating COL2A1 production in the early inflammatory stage. In conclusion, sericin demonstrates potential in promoting chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation, enhancing cartilaginous matrix synthesis through glycolysis and TGF-β signaling pathways, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonpan Fongsodsri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suangsuda Supasai
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Doyle SE, Snow F, Onofrillo C, Di Bella C, O'Connell CD, Pirogova E, Duchi S. Negative Printing for the Reinforcement of In Situ Tissue-Engineered Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38517083 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of in situ cartilage engineering, the targeted delivery of both cells and hydrogel materials to the site of a defect serves to directly stimulate chondral repair. Although the in situ application of stem cell-laden soft hydrogels to tissue defects holds great promise for cartilage regeneration, a significant challenge lies in overcoming the inherent limitation of these soft hydrogels, which must attain mechanical properties akin to the native tissue to withstand physiological loading. We therefore developed a system where a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel laden with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells is combined with a secondary structure to provide bulk mechanical reinforcement. In this study, we used the negative embodied sacrificial template 3D printing technique to generate eight different lattice-based reinforcement structures made of polycaprolactone, which ranged in porosity from 80% to 90% with stiffnesses from 28 ± 5 kPa to 2853 ± 236 kPa. The most promising of these designs, the hex prism edge, was combined with the cellular hydrogel and retained a stable stiffness over 41 days of chondrogenic differentiation. There was no significant difference between the hydrogel-only and hydrogel scaffold group in the sulfated glycosaminoglycan production (340.46 ± 13.32 µg and 338.92 ± 47.33 µg, respectively) or Type II Collagen gene expression. As such, the use of negative printing represents a promising solution for the integration of bulk reinforcement without losing the ability to produce new chondrogenic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Doyle
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Finn Snow
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Cathal D O'Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Ansari MM, Ghosh M, Lee DS, Son YO. Senolytic therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102275. [PMID: 38494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting millions of people aged over 65 years, is the main musculoskeletal cause of diminished joint mobility in the elderly. It is characterized by lingering pain and increasing deterioration of articular cartilage. Aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in the joints are frequently associated with OA. Apoptosis resistance; irreversible cell cycle arrest; increased p16INK4a expression, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase levels, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; and mitochondrial dysregulation are some common changes in cellular senescence in joint tissues. Development of OA correlates with an increase in the density of SCs in joint tissues. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype has been linked to OA and cartilage breakdown. Senolytics and therapeutic pharmaceuticals are being focused upon for OA management. SCs can be selectively eliminated or killed by senolytics to halt the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Comprehensive understanding of how aging affects joint dysfunction will benefit OA patients. Here, we discuss age-related mechanisms associated with OA pathogenesis and senolytics as an emerging modality in the management of age-related SCs and pathogenesis of OA in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Faleeva M, Ahmad S, Theofilatos K, Lynham S, Watson G, Whitehead M, Marhuenda E, Iskratsch T, Cox S, Shanahan CM. Sox9 Accelerates Vascular Aging by Regulating Extracellular Matrix Composition and Stiffness. Circ Res 2024; 134:307-324. [PMID: 38179698 PMCID: PMC10826924 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness are hallmarks of vascular aging. Sox9 (SRY-box transcription factor 9) has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteo/chondrogenic conversion; however, its relationship with aging and calcification has not been studied. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on human aortic samples from young and aged patients. Young and senescent primary human VSMCs were induced to produce ECM, and Sox9 expression was manipulated using adenoviral overexpression and depletion. ECM properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy and proteomics, and VSMC phenotype on hydrogels and the ECM were examined using confocal microscopy. RESULTS In vivo, Sox9 was not spatially associated with vascular calcification but correlated with the senescence marker p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A). In vitro Sox9 showed mechanosensitive responses with increased expression and nuclear translocation in senescent cells and on stiff matrices. Sox9 was found to regulate ECM stiffness and organization by orchestrating changes in collagen (Col) expression and reducing VSMC contractility, leading to the formation of an ECM that mirrored that of senescent cells. These ECM changes promoted phenotypic modulation of VSMCs, whereby senescent cells plated on ECM synthesized from cells depleted of Sox9 returned to a proliferative state, while proliferating cells on a matrix produced by Sox9 expressing cells showed reduced proliferation and increased DNA damage, reiterating features of senescent cells. LH3 (procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3) was identified as an Sox9 target and key regulator of ECM stiffness. LH3 is packaged into extracellular vesicles and Sox9 promotes extracellular vesicle secretion, leading to increased LH3 deposition within the ECM. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the crucial role of ECM structure and composition in regulating VSMC phenotype. We identify a positive feedback cycle, whereby cellular senescence and increased ECM stiffening promote Sox9 expression, which, in turn, drives further ECM modifications to further accelerate stiffening and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faleeva
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry (S.L.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Watson
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith Whitehead
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (E.M., T.I.)
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (E.M., T.I.)
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine (S.C.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences (M.F., S.A., K.T., G.W., M.W., C.M.S.) King’s College London, United Kingdom
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Mancini FE, Humphreys PEA, Woods S, Bates N, Cuvertino S, O'Flaherty J, Biant L, Domingos MAN, Kimber SJ. Effect of a retinoic acid analogue on BMP-driven pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2696. [PMID: 38302538 PMCID: PMC10834951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint condition, leading to articular cartilage (AC) degradation, chronic pain and immobility. The lack of appropriate therapies that provide tissue restoration combined with the limited lifespan of joint-replacement implants indicate the need for alternative AC regeneration strategies. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into AC progenitors may provide a long-term regenerative solution but is still limited due to the continued reliance upon growth factors to recapitulate developmental signalling processes. Recently, TTNPB, a small molecule activator of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), has been shown to be sufficient to guide mesodermal specification and early chondrogenesis of hPSCs. Here, we modified our previous differentiation protocol, by supplementing cells with TTNPB and administering BMP2 at specific times to enhance early development (referred to as the RAPID-E protocol). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that activation of RAR signalling significantly upregulated genes related to limb and embryonic skeletal development in the early stages of the protocol and upregulated genes related to AC development in later stages. Chondroprogenitors obtained from RAPID-E could generate cartilaginous pellets that expressed AC-related matrix proteins such as Lubricin, Aggrecan, and Collagen II, but additionally expressed Collagen X, indicative of hypertrophy. This protocol could lay the foundations for cell therapy strategies for osteoarthritis and improve the understanding of AC development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul E A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julieta O'Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Leela Biant
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Primrose JG, Jain L, Bolam SM, Monk AP, Munro JT, Dalbeth N, Poulsen RC. Concentration-dependent effects of leptin on osteoarthritis-associated changes in phenotype of human chondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:457-468. [PMID: 37171229 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2214249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Elevated leptin levels have been implicated as a potential cause of this association. Previous studies have shown that supra-physiological leptin concentrations can induce osteoarthritis-like changes in chondrocyte phenotype. Here, we tested the effects of leptin in the concentration range found in synovial fluid on chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocytes isolated from macroscopically normal regions of cartilage within osteoarthritic joints from patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, all with body mass index >30 kg/m2 were treated with 2-40 ng/ml leptin for 24 h. Chondrocyte phenotype marker expression was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot. The role of HES1 in mediating the effects of leptin was determined by gene knockdown using RNAi and over-expression using adenoviral-mediated gene delivery. Treatment of chondrocytes with 20 or 40 ng/ml leptin resulted in decreased SOX9 levels and decreased levels of the SOX9-target genes COL2A1 and ACAN. Levels of HES1 were lower and ADAMTS5 higher in chondrocytes treated with 20 or 40 ng/ml leptin. HES1 knockdown resulted in increased ADAMTS5 expression whereas over-expression of HES1 prevented the leptin-induced increase in ADAMTS5. An increase in MMP13 expression was only evident in chondrocytes treated with 40 ng/ml leptin and was not mediated by HES1 activity. High concentrations of leptin can cause changes in chondrocyte phenotype consistent with those seen in osteoarthritis. Synovial fluid leptin concentrations of this level are typically observed in patients with metabolic syndrome and/or women, suggesting elevated leptin levels may form part of the multifactorial network that leads to osteoarthritis development in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gb Primrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lekha Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott M Bolam
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Paul Monk
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T Munro
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn C Poulsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Richard D, Pregizer S, Venkatasubramanian D, Raftery RM, Muthuirulan P, Liu Z, Capellini TD, Craft AM. Lineage-specific differences and regulatory networks governing human chondrocyte development. eLife 2023; 12:e79925. [PMID: 36920035 PMCID: PMC10069868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To address large gaps in our understanding of the molecular regulation of articular and growth plate cartilage development in humans, we used our directed differentiation approach to generate these distinct cartilage tissues from human embryonic stem cells. The resulting transcriptomic profiles of hESC-derived articular and growth plate chondrocytes were similar to fetal epiphyseal and growth plate chondrocytes, with respect to genes both known and previously unknown to cartilage biology. With the goal to characterize the regulatory landscapes accompanying these respective transcriptomes, we mapped chromatin accessibility in hESC-derived chondrocyte lineages, and mouse embryonic chondrocytes, using ATAC-sequencing. Integration of the expression dataset with the differentially accessible genomic regions revealed lineage-specific gene regulatory networks. We validated functional interactions of two transcription factors (TFs) (RUNX2 in growth plate chondrocytes and RELA in articular chondrocytes) with their predicted genomic targets. The maps we provide thus represent a framework for probing regulatory interactions governing chondrocyte differentiation. This work constitutes a substantial step towards comprehensive and comparative molecular characterizations of distinct chondrogenic lineages and sheds new light on human cartilage development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richard
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven Pregizer
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Divya Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Zun Liu
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - April M Craft
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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Norcross RG, Abdelmoti L, Rouchka EC, Andreeva K, Tussey O, Landestoy D, Galperin E. Shoc2 controls ERK1/2-driven neural crest development by balancing components of the extracellular matrix. Dev Biol 2022; 492:156-171. [PMID: 36265687 PMCID: PMC10019579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway is essential in embryonic development. The scaffold protein Shoc2 is a critical modulator of ERK1/2 signals, and mutations in the shoc2 gene lead to the human developmental disease known as Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NSLH). The loss of Shoc2 and the shoc2 NSLH-causing mutations affect the tissues of neural crest (NC) origin. In this study, we utilized the zebrafish model to dissect the role of Shoc2-ERK1/2 signals in the development of NC. These studies established that the loss of Shoc2 significantly altered the expression of transcription factors regulating the specification and differentiation of NC cells. Using comparative transcriptome analysis of NC-derived cells from shoc2 CRISPR/Cas9 mutant larvae, we found that Shoc2-mediated signals regulate gene programs at several levels, including expression of genes coding for the proteins of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM regulators. Together, our results demonstrate that Shoc2 is an essential regulator of NC development. This study also indicates that disbalance in the turnover of the ECM may lead to the abnormalities found in NSLH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Norcross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lina Abdelmoti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kalina Andreeva
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Olivia Tussey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Daileen Landestoy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Revealed Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Genes Underlying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372483. [PMID: 36267810 PMCID: PMC9578809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We aim to explore the pathways and key genes that cause mitochondrial dysfunction during IDD and to further reveal the pathogenesis of IDD based on bioinformatic analyses. Methods Datasets GSE70362 and GSE124272 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitochondrial dysfunction between IDD patients and healthy controls were screened by package limma package. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We collected both degenerated and normal disc tissues obtained surgically, and we performed western blot and qPCR to verify the key DEGs identified in intervertebral disc tissues. Results In total, 40 cases of IDD and 24 healthy controls were included. We identified 152 DEGs, including 67 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Four genes related to mitochondrial dysfunction (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) were screened out. Of them, SOX9, FLVCR1, and UCHL1 were down-regulated in peripheral blood and intervertebral disc tissues of IDD patients, while NR5A1 was up-regulated. The analysis of immune infiltration showed the concentrations of mast cells activated were significantly the highest in IDD patients. Compared with the control group, the level of T cells CD4 memory resting was the lowest in the patients. In addition, 24 cases of IDD tissues and 12 cases of normal disc tissues were obtained to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis. Both western blot and qPCR results were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion We identified four genes (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that play an important role in the progress of disc degeneration. The identification of these differential genes may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of IDD.
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Kurenkova AD, Romanova IA, Kibirskiy PD, Timashev P, Medvedeva EV. Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911169. [PMID: 36232468 PMCID: PMC9570095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage gradually decreases joint function and growing pain significantly reduces the quality of a patient’s life. The clinically approved procedure of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treating knee cartilage lesions has several limits, including the absence of healthy articular cartilage tissues for cell isolation and difficulties related to the chondrocyte expansion in vitro. Today, various ACI modifications are being developed using autologous chondrocytes from alternative sources, such as the auricles, nose and ribs. Adult stem cells from different tissues are also of great interest due to their less traumatic material extraction and their innate abilities of active proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. According to the different adult stem cell types and their origin, various strategies have been proposed for stem cell expansion and initiation of their chondrogenic differentiation. The current review presents the diversity in developing applied techniques based on autologous adult stem cell differentiation to hyaline cartilage tissue and targeted to articular cartilage damage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Irina A. Romanova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Kibirskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fuglerud BM, Drissler S, Lotto J, Stephan TL, Thakur A, Cullum R, Hoodless PA. SOX9 reprograms endothelial cells by altering the chromatin landscape. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8547-8565. [PMID: 35904801 PMCID: PMC9410909 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is activated at the onset of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during embryonic development and in pathological conditions. Its roles in regulating these processes, however, are not clear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an EndMT model, we show that SOX9 expression alone is sufficient to activate mesenchymal genes and steer endothelial cells towards a mesenchymal fate. By genome-wide mapping of the chromatin landscape, we show that SOX9 displays features of a pioneer transcription factor, such as opening of chromatin and leading to deposition of active histone modifications at silent chromatin regions, guided by SOX dimer motifs and H2A.Z enrichment. We further observe highly transient and dynamic SOX9 binding, possibly promoted through its eviction by histone phosphorylation. However, while SOX9 binding is dynamic, changes in the chromatin landscape and cell fate induced by SOX9 are persistent. Finally, our analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility indicates that SOX9 opens chromatin to drive EndMT in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. This study provides new insight into key molecular functions of SOX9 and mechanisms of EndMT and highlights the crucial developmental role of SOX9 and relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Fuglerud
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sibyl Drissler
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avinash Thakur
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cullum
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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12
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Kim JG, Rim YA, Ju JH. The Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Joint Homeostasis and Cartilage Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:570-587. [PMID: 35331016 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is an important regulator of joint homeostasis, of which dysregulation is closely associated with the development of osteoarthritis (OA). In normal conditions, its biological functions in a joint environment are joint protective, but it can be dramatically altered in different contexts, making its therapeutic application a challenge. However, with the deeper insights into the TGF-β functions, it has been proven that TGF-β augments cartilage regeneration by chondrocytes, and differentiates both the precursor cells of chondrocytes and stem cells into cartilage-generating chondrocytes. Following documentation of the therapeutic efficacy of chondrocytes augmented by TGF-β in the last decade, there is an ongoing phase III clinical trial examining the therapeutic efficacy of a mixture of allogeneic chondrocytes and TGF-β-overexpressing cells. To prepare cartilage-restoring chondrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the stem cells are differentiated mainly using TGF-β with some other growth factors. Of note, clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of iPSCs for OA are scheduled this year. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) have inherent limitations in that they differentiate into the osteochondral pathway, resulting in the production of poor-quality cartilage. Despite the established essential role of TGF-β in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, whether the coordinated use of TGF-β in MSC-based therapy for degenerated cartilage is effective is unknown. We herein reviewed the general characteristics and mechanism of action of TGF-β in a joint environment. Furthermore, we discussed the core interaction of TGF-β with principal cells of OA cell-based therapies, the chondrocytes, MSCs, and iPSCs. Impact Statement Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been widely used as a core regulator to improve or formulate therapeutic regenerative cells for degenerative joints. It differentiates stem cells into chondrocytes and improves the chondrogenic potential of differentiated chondrocytes. Herein, we discussed the overall characteristics of TGF-β and reviewed the comprehension and utilization of TGF-β in cell-based therapy for degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Gon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Humphreys PA, Mancini FE, Ferreira MJS, Woods S, Ogene L, Kimber SJ. Developmental principles informing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cartilage and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:17-36. [PMID: 34949507 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type given appropriate signals and hence have been used to research early human development of many tissues and diseases. Here, we review the major biological factors that regulate cartilage and bone development through the three main routes of neural crest, lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm. We examine how these routes have been used in differentiation protocols that replicate skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells and how these methods have been refined and improved over time. Finally, we discuss how pluripotent stem cells can be employed to understand human skeletal genetic diseases with a developmental origin and phenotype, and how developmental protocols have been applied to gain a better understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Miguel J S Ferreira
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Leona Ogene
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
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14
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Gomez-Picos P, Ovens K, Eames BF. Limb Mesoderm and Head Ectomesenchyme Both Express a Core Transcriptional Program During Chondrocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876825. [PMID: 35784462 PMCID: PMC9247276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explain how cartilage appeared in different parts of the vertebrate body at discrete times during evolution, we hypothesize that different embryonic populations co-opted expression of a core gene regulatory network (GRN) driving chondrocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA-seq was used to reveal chondrocyte transcriptomes in the developing chick humerus and ceratobranchial, which are mesoderm- and neural crest-derived, respectively. During endochondral ossification, two general types of chondrocytes differentiate. Immature chondrocytes (IMM) represent the early stages of cartilage differentiation, while mature chondrocytes (MAT) undergo additional stages of differentiation, including hypertrophy and stimulating matrix mineralization and degradation. Venn diagram analyses generally revealed a high degree of conservation between chondrocyte transcriptomes of the limb and head, including SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN expression. Typical maturation genes, such as COL10A1, IBSP, and SPP1, were upregulated in MAT compared to IMM in both limb and head chondrocytes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of limb and head chondrocyte transcriptomes estimated the core GRN governing cartilage differentiation. Two discrete portions of the GCN contained genes that were differentially expressed in limb or head chondrocytes, but these genes were enriched for biological processes related to limb/forelimb morphogenesis or neural crest-dependent processes, respectively, perhaps simply reflecting the embryonic origin of the cells. A core GRN driving cartilage differentiation in limb and head was revealed that included typical chondrocyte differentiation and maturation markers, as well as putative novel “chondrocyte” genes. Conservation of a core transcriptional program during chondrocyte differentiation in both the limb and head suggest that the same core GRN was co-opted when cartilage appeared in different regions of the skeleton during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Gomez-Picos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: B. Frank Eames,
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15
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Fujii Y, Liu L, Yagasaki L, Inotsume M, Chiba T, Asahara H. Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116316. [PMID: 35682994 PMCID: PMC9181530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy limb joints are important for maintaining health and attaining longevity. Endochondral ossification (the replacement of cartilage with bone, occurring during skeletal development) is essential for bone formation, especially in long-axis bones. In contrast to endochondral ossification, chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage persist and maintain joint tissue into adulthood. Articular cartilage, a connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes and their surrounding extracellular matrices, plays an essential role in the mechanical cushioning of joints in postnatal locomotion. Osteoarthritis (OA) pathology relates to disruptions in the balance between anabolic and catabolic signals, that is, the loss of chondrocyte homeostasis due to aging or overuse of cartilages. The onset of OA increases with age, shortening a person’s healthy life expectancy. Although many people with OA experience pain, the mainstay of treatment is symptomatic therapy, and no fundamental treatment has yet been established. To establish regenerative or preventative therapies for cartilage diseases, further understanding of the mechanisms of cartilage development, morphosis, and homeostasis is required. In this review, we describe the general development of cartilage and OA pathology, followed by a discussion on anabolic and catabolic signals in cartilage homeostasis, mainly microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujii
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-851, Japan
| | - Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-5803-4614
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16
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Shah K, Maradana MR, Joaquina Delàs M, Metidji A, Graelmann F, Llorian M, Chakravarty P, Li Y, Tolaini M, Shapiro M, Kelly G, Cheshire C, Bhurta D, Bharate SB, Stockinger B. Cell-intrinsic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor signalling is required for the resolution of injury-induced colonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1827. [PMID: 35383166 PMCID: PMC8983642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensor that integrates microbial and dietary cues to influence physiological processes within the intestinal microenvironment, protecting against colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer development. Rapid tissue regeneration upon injury is important for the reinstatement of barrier integrity and its dysregulation promotes malignant transformation. Here we show that AHR is important for the termination of the regenerative response and the reacquisition of mature epithelial cell identity post injury in vivo and in organoid cultures in vitro. Using an integrative multi-omics approach in colon organoids, we show that AHR is required for timely termination of the regenerative response through direct regulation of transcription factors involved in epithelial cell differentiation as well as restriction of chromatin accessibility to regeneration-associated Yap/Tead transcriptional targets. Safeguarding a regulated regenerative response places AHR at a pivotal position in the delicate balance between controlled regeneration and malignant transformation. Rapid intestinal regeneration after injury is critical to maintain barrier integrity and homeostasis, but must be tightly controlled to prevent tumorigenesis. Here they show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required to terminate the regenerative response after wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amina Metidji
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederike Graelmann
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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17
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Yari D, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Movaffagh J, Shahroodi A, Shirzad M, Qujeq D, Moradi A. Biochemical Aspects of Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering; from Basic Science to Regenerative Medicine. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2022; 10:229-244. [PMID: 35514762 PMCID: PMC9034797 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2022.55549.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondral defects are frequent and important causes of pain and disability. Cartilage has limited self-repair and regeneration capacity. The ideal approach for articular cartilage defects is the regeneration of hyaline cartilage with sustainable symptom-free constructs. Tissue engineering provides new strategies for the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue through optimized scaffolds with architectural, mechanical, and biochemical properties similar to the native cartilage tissue. In this review, the basic science of cartilage structure, interactions between proteins, stem cells, as well as biomaterials, scaffold characteristics and fabrication methods, as well as current and potential therapies in regenerative medicine will be discussed mostly from a biochemical point of view. Furthermore, the recent trends in scaffold-based therapies and supplementary factors in cartilage tissue engineering will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jebrail Movaffagh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shahroodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Bottasso-Arias N, Leesman L, Burra K, Snowball J, Shah R, Mohanakrishnan M, Xu Y, Sinner D. BMP4 and Wnt signaling interact to promote mouse tracheal mesenchyme morphogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L224-L242. [PMID: 34851738 PMCID: PMC8794023 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00255.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchomalacia and complete tracheal rings are congenital malformations of the trachea associated with morbidity and mortality for which the etiology remains poorly understood. Epithelial expression of Wls (a cargo receptor mediating Wnt ligand secretion) by tracheal cells is essential for patterning the embryonic mouse trachea's cartilage and muscle. RNA sequencing indicated that Wls differentially modulated the expression of BMP signaling molecules. We tested whether BMP signaling, induced by epithelial Wnt ligands, mediates cartilage formation. Deletion of Bmp4 from respiratory tract mesenchyme impaired tracheal cartilage formation that was replaced by ectopic smooth muscle, recapitulating the phenotype observed after epithelial deletion of Wls in the embryonic trachea. Ectopic muscle was caused in part by anomalous differentiation and proliferation of smooth muscle progenitors rather than tracheal cartilage progenitors. Mesenchymal deletion of Bmp4 impaired expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, including targets of WNT signaling: Notum and Axin2. In vitro, recombinant (r)BMP4 rescued the expression of Notum in Bmp4-deficient tracheal mesenchymal cells and induced Notum promoter activity via SMAD1/5. RNA sequencing of Bmp4-deficient tracheas identified genes essential for chondrogenesis and muscle development coregulated by BMP and WNT signaling. During tracheal morphogenesis, WNT signaling induces Bmp4 in mesenchymal progenitors to promote cartilage differentiation and restrict trachealis muscle. In turn, Bmp4 differentially regulates the expression of Wnt/β-catenin targets to attenuate mesenchymal WNT signaling and to further support chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bottasso-Arias
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lauren Leesman
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kaulini Burra
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Snowball
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ronak Shah
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,2University of Cincinnati Honors Program, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megha Mohanakrishnan
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,2University of Cincinnati Honors Program, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,3Universtiy of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Debora Sinner
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,3Universtiy of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Kothari P, Tripathi AK, Girme A, Rai D, Singh R, Sinha S, Choudhary D, Nagar GK, Maurya R, Hingorani L, Trivedi R. Caviunin glycoside (CAFG) from Dalbergia sissoo attenuates osteoarthritis by modulating chondrogenic and matrix regulating proteins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114315. [PMID: 34116187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dalbergia sissoo DC. (Indian rosewood or Sheesham) is a traditional medicinal plant, reported since time immemorial for its analgesic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulatory properties. D. sissoo DC (DS). is being used traditionally to cure joint inflammation and joint pain. AIM To study the potential of DS leaves and its derived novel compound CAFG to treat the clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS The chemical profile of DS extract (DSE) with isoflavonoids and isoflvaonoid glycosides from the DS was established by UHPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS/MS. Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the knee joint to develop the OA model in rats. DSE was given orally for 28 days daily at 250 and 500 mg.kg-1day-1. For in-vitro experiments, chondrocytes isolated from joint articular cartilage were negatively induced with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and CAFG was given to the cells as a co-treatment. RESULTS Chondrocytes undergo apoptosis following inflammation and proteoglycan synthesis affected in MIA injected knees. DSE administration prevented these effects as assessed by H&E and Toluidine blue staining. Micro-CT analysis showed that subchondral bone loss was restored. DSE decreased elevated serum levels of cartilage-bone degradation (CTX-I, CTX-II, and COMP), inflammation markers IL-1β, and matrix-degrading MMP-3 and 13. The effects of IL-1β on gene expression of chondrocytes were reversed by CAFG treatment at 1 μM. CONCLUSION Data showed that DSE protected joint cartilage and deterioration in subchondral bone in vivo while in in-vitro, its active ingredient CAFG prevented interleukin-1β induced effects and inhibited OA. This finding suggest that DSE and CAFG could be used as a possible therapeutic to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kothari
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt Ltd, Anand, Gujarat, 388435, India.
| | - Divya Rai
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt Ltd, Anand, Gujarat, 388435, India.
| | - Shradha Sinha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Geet Kumar Nagar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Lal Hingorani
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt Ltd, Anand, Gujarat, 388435, India.
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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20
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Yu H, Liu Y, Yang X, He J, Zhong Q, Guo X. The anti‑inflammation effect of strontium ranelate on rat chondrocytes with or without IL‑1β in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:208. [PMID: 35126711 PMCID: PMC8796647 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease with a high level of inflammation in the joint micro-environment and cartilage degradation. Anti-inflammation and cartilage regeneration are the key therapies for TMJ-OA, but currently, there are no novel medicines or treatments that can control its pathogenic progression. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis drug and is now considered a promising anti-OA drug, but the anti-inflammatory effect of SrR remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of SrR in a normal or high IL-1β environment was observed. Cell viability under the treatment of SrR was tested using Cell Counting Kit-8. Toluidine blue staining, immunofluorescence staining, hydroxyproline assay, PCR assay and western blotting were used to detect the expression of collagen (Col)II, proteoglycans (PG) and aggrecan as a reflection of extracellular matrix synthesis and MMP-9,13 hydroxyproline was used as an inflammation indicator. IL-1β of 10 ng/ml was added to the culture medium as inflammation environment and the tests of those biomarkers were done again. Then, the changes in β-catenin were also studied by immunofluorescence staining, PCR assay and western blotting to explore the possible involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results showed a significant inhibition of MMP-9, MMP-13, β-catenin and promotion of Col-II, PG and aggrecan in normal chondrocytes. The presence of IL-1β markedly upregulated the expression of MMP-9, MMP-13 and β-catenin while suppressing Col-II and PG and SrR partially reversed this trend. In conclusion, SrR decreased MMPs but promoted Col-II, aggrecan and PG synthesis in rat chondrocytes with or without the presence of IL-1β and SrR attenuated the IL-1β-induced increase in β-catenin, thus reducing the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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21
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Sex-Specific Reduction in Inflammation of Osteoarthritic Human Chondrocytes and Nutraceutical-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 14. [PMID: 34796310 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of osteoarthritic human chondrocytes to produce articular cartilage (AC) tissues with a reduced inflammatory environment in response to 4 anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals: alpha-tocopherol (Alpha), gallic acid (G), ascorbic acid (AA), and catechin hydrate (C). Methods Chondrocytes isolated from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty surgeries were divided into groups (9 male; mean age, 66.2 ± 3.5 years and 11 female; mean age, 64.2 ± 3.1 years). Cells were cultured based on sex and supplemented with either a negative control (NC) medium or NC plus one of the nutraceuticals at a concentration of 50 μM. At day 21, cultures were characterized histologically, biochemically, and for gene expression of vital markers. Results At day 21, 62.3% and 66.2% reduction in nitric oxide (NO) content was evident for female and male cells, respectively. G-treatment of female cells resulted in the lowest expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), and collagen type-10 (COL10). Alpha-treatment of male cells resulted in the lowest expression of NOS2, bone morphogenic protein-2, MMP13, COL10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein-6 (TNFAIP6) relative to NC. AA and Alpha treatment resulted in the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content for female and male cultures, respectively. Conclusion A sex-dependent response of osteoarthritic chondrocytes to nutraceutical treatment was evident. Our results suggest the use of G for female cells and Alpha for male cells in OA applications seems to be favorable in reducing inflammation and enhancing chondrocytes' ability to form AC tissues.
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22
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Ohba S. Genome-scale actions of master regulators directing skeletal development. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:217-223. [PMID: 34745394 PMCID: PMC8556520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton develops through two distinct modes of ossification: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During the process of skeletal development, SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Sp7 work as master transcription factors (TFs) or transcriptional regulators, underlying cell fate specification of the two distinct populations: bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilage-forming chondrocytes. In the past two decades, core transcriptional circuits underlying skeletal development have been identified mainly through mouse genetics and biochemical approaches. Recently emerging next-generation sequencer (NGS)-based studies have provided genome-scale views on the gene regulatory landscape programmed by the master TFs/transcriptional regulators. With particular focus on Sox9, Runx2, and Sp7, this review aims to discuss the gene regulatory landscape in skeletal development, which has been identified by genome-scale data, and provide future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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23
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Pan D, Qian B, Zhao D, Yao B. Nfib promotes chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits differentiation by mildly regulating Sox9 and its downstream genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7487-7497. [PMID: 34651294 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation play pivotal roles in regulating cartilage formation, endochondral bone formation, and repair. Cartilage damage and underdevelopment may cause severe joint diseases. Various transcription factors regulate cartilage development. Nuclear factor 1 B (Nfib) is a transcription factor that plays a regulatory role in various organs. However, the effect and mechanism of Nfib on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in cartilage are still largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the gene expression patterns in primary chondrocytes with Nfib overexpression or silencing by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The results showed that Nfib overexpression significantly up-regulated genes that are related to chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and significantly down-regulated genes related to chondrocyte differentiation and ECM degradation. However, with Nfib silencing, the genes involved in promoting chondrocyte differentiation were significantly up-regulated, whereas those involved in promoting chondrocyte proliferation were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, alcian blue staining and immunofluorescence staining assays further confirmed that Nfib potentially promotes chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular synthesis but inhibits differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The molecular mechanism of Nfib in promoting chondrocyte proliferation and inhibiting differentiation was probably achieved by stimulating Sox9 and its downstream genes. Thus, this study adds new insights regarding the underlying molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Benxin Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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24
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Liang X, Jing B, Zhao Z. MicroRNA-486 promotes a more catabolic phenotype in chondrocyte-like cells by targeting SIRT6 : possible involvement in cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:459-466. [PMID: 34319136 PMCID: PMC8333035 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.107.bjr-2019-0251.r4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by persistent destruction of articular cartilage. It has been found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of OA. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of miR-486 in the development and progression of OA. METHODS The expression levels of miR-486 in cartilage were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4) in SW1353 cells at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels was determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Double luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot assay were used to determine whether silencing information regulator 6 (SIRT6) was involved in miR-486 induction of chondrocyte-like cells to a more catabolic phenotype. RESULTS Compared with osteonecrosis, the expression of miR-486 was significantly upregulated in cartilage from subjects with severe OA. In addition, overexpressed miR-486 promoted a catabolic phenotype in SW1353 cells by upregulating the expressions of ADAMTS4 and MMP-13 and down-regulating the expressions of COL2A1 and ACAN. Conversely, inhibition of miR-486 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-486 significantly inhibited the expression of SIRT6, confirming that SIRT6 is a direct target of miR-486. Moreover, SW1353 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (si)-SIRT6 and it was found that SIRT6 was involved in and inhibited miR-486-induced changes to SW1353 gene expression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that miR-486 promotes a catabolic phenotype in SW1353 cells in OA by targeting SIRT6. Our findings might provide a potential therapeutic target and theoretical basis for OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):459-466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingfei Jing
- Department of Blood Test, Xi'an Blood Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zandong Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Zhang X, Dong Y, Dong H, Cui Y, Du Q, Wang X, Li L, Zhang H. Telmisartan Mitigates TNF-α-Induced Type II Collagen Reduction by Upregulating SOX-9. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11756-11761. [PMID: 34056329 PMCID: PMC8154015 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as type II collagen in chondrocytes, plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Telmisartan, an angiotensin II (Ang-II) receptor blocker, is a licensed drug used for the treatment of hypertension. However, the effects of Telmisartan in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced damage to chondrocytes and the progression of OA are unknown. In this study, we found that treatment with Telmisartan attenuated TNF-α-induced oxidative stress by reducing the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of protein carbonyl in human C28/I2 chondrocytes. Interestingly, Telmisartan inhibited TNF-α-induced expression and secretions of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Notably, stimulation with TNF-α reduced the levels of type II collagen at both the mRNA and the protein levels, which was rescued by the treatment with Telmisartan. Mechanistically, we found that Telmisartan restored TNF-α-induced reduction of SOX-9. Silencing of SOX-9 blocked the inhibitory effects of Telmisartan against TNF-α-induced degradation of type II collagen. These findings suggest that Telmisartan might be a potential and promising agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Yanfeng Dong
- Department
of Cardiology, Zhangdian District peopleundefineds
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Hanyu Dong
- Department
of Endocrinology, Zibo Maternal and Child
Health Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Qing Du
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Hongju Zhang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zibo Central
Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
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26
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Vong KI, Ma TC, Li B, Leung TCN, Nong W, Ngai SM, Hui JHL, Jiang L, Kwan KM. SOX9-COL9A3-dependent regulation of choroid plexus epithelial polarity governs blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2009568118. [PMID: 33526661 PMCID: PMC8017668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009568118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is an extensively vascularized neuroepithelial tissue that projects into the brain ventricles. The restriction of transepithelial transport across the CP establishes the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier that is fundamental to the homeostatic regulation of the central nervous system microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that control this process remain elusive. Here we show that the genetic ablation of Sox9 in the hindbrain CP results in a hyperpermeable blood-CSF barrier that ultimately upsets the CSF electrolyte balance and alters CSF protein composition. Mechanistically, SOX9 is required for the transcriptional up-regulation of Col9a3 in the CP epithelium. The reduction of Col9a3 expression dramatically recapitulates the blood-CSF barrier defects of Sox9 mutants. Loss of collagen IX severely disrupts the structural integrity of the epithelial basement membrane in the CP, leading to progressive loss of extracellular matrix components. Consequently, this perturbs the polarized microtubule dynamics required for correct orientation of apicobasal polarity and thereby impedes tight junction assembly in the CP epithelium. Our findings reveal a pivotal cascade of SOX9-dependent molecular events that is critical for construction of the blood-CSF barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Ioi Vong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz Ching Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Chun Ning Leung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- AoE Centre for Genomic Studies on Plant-Environment Interaction for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful tool to identify binding profiles of transcriptional regulators and chromatin regulators as well as histone modification patterns in a genome-wide manner. ChIP-seq consists of five major steps: (1) preparation of cells and chromatin, (2) ChIP, (3) ChIP-seq library construction, (4) sequencing of ChIP DNA with a next-generation sequencer (NGS), and (5) computational analysis of sequence data. Recent ChIP-seq studies in skeletal tissues enable us to understand the modes of action of key skeletal regulators, functional interaction among the enhancers bound by the regulators, the complex nature of regulatory inputs, and thereby the gene regulatory landscape in skeletal development. Here we describe a ChIP-seq protocol that we have employed in our studies, with particular focus on chromatin preparation and subsequent ChIP in skeletal cells, including chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamakawa
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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28
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Tissue Engineering of Cartilage Using a Random Positioning Machine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249596. [PMID: 33339388 PMCID: PMC7765923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a skeletal tissue of avascular nature and limited self-repair capacity. Cartilage-degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), are difficult to treat and often necessitate joint replacement surgery. Cartilage is a tough but flexible material and relatively easy to damage. It is, therefore, of high interest to develop methods allowing chondrocytes to recolonize, to rebuild the cartilage and to restore joint functionality. Here we studied the in vitro production of cartilage-like tissue using human articular chondrocytes exposed to the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), a device to simulate certain aspects of microgravity on Earth. To screen early adoption reactions of chondrocytes exposed to the RPM, we performed quantitative real-time PCR analyses after 24 h on chondrocytes cultured in DMEM/F-12. A significant up-regulation in the gene expression of IL6, RUNX2, RUNX3, SPP1, SOX6, SOX9, and MMP13 was detected, while the levels of IL8, ACAN, PRG4, ITGB1, TGFB1, COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOD3, SOX5, MMP1, and MMP2 mRNAs remained unchanged. The STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) analysis demonstrated among others the importance of these differentially regulated genes for cartilage formation. Chondrocytes grown in DMEM/F-12 medium produced three-dimensional (3D) spheroids after five days without the addition of scaffolds. On day 28, the produced tissue constructs reached up to 2 mm in diameter. Using specific chondrocyte growth medium, similar results were achieved within 14 days. Spheroids from both types of culture media showed the typical cartilage morphology with aggrecan positivity. Intermediate filaments form clusters under RPM conditions as detected by vimentin staining after 7 d and 14 d. Larger meshes appear in the network in 28-day samples. Furthermore, they were able to form a confluent chondrocyte monolayer after being transferred back into cell culture flasks in 1 g conditions showing their suitability for transplantation into joints. Our results demonstrate that the cultivation medium has a direct influence on the velocity of tissue formation and tissue composition. The spheroids show properties that make them interesting candidates for cellular cartilage regeneration approaches in trauma and OA therapy.
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29
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Chen X, Shi Y, Xue P, Ma X, Li J, Zhang J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-136-5p inhibits chondrocyte degeneration in traumatic osteoarthritis by targeting ELF3. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:256. [PMID: 33109253 PMCID: PMC7590698 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRs) are associated with the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, the role of exosomal miR-136-5p derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in OA progression is investigated and the potential therapeutic mechanism explored. METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and their exosomes were isolated from patients and identified. The endocytosis of chondrocytes and the effects of exosome miR-136-5p on cartilage degradation were observed and examined by immunofluorescence and cartilage staining. Then, the targeting relationship between miR-136-5p and E74-like factor 3 (ELF3) was analyzed by dual-luciferase report assay. Based on gain- or loss-of-function experiments, the effects of exosomes and exosomal miR-136-5p on chondrocyte migration were examined by EdU and Transwell assay. Finally, a mouse model of post-traumatic OA was developed to evaluate effects of miR-136-5p on chondrocyte degeneration in vivo. RESULTS In the clinical samples of traumatic OA cartilage tissues, we detected increased ELF3 expression, and reduced miR-136-5p expression was determined. The BMMSC-derived exosomes showed an enriched level of miR-136-5p, which could be internalized by chondrocytes. The migration of chondrocyte was promoted by miR-136-5p, while collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 expression was increased and MMP-13 expression was reduced. miR-136-5p was verified to target ELF3 and could downregulate its expression. Moreover, the expression of ELF3 was reduced in chondrocytes after internalization of exosomes. In the mouse model of post-traumatic OA, exosomal miR-136-5p was found to reduce the degeneration of cartilage extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that BMMSC-derived exosomal miR-136-5p could promote chondrocyte migration in vitro and inhibit cartilage degeneration in vivo, thereby inhibiting OA pathology, which highlighted the transfer of exosomal miR-136-5p as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin Province People’s Republic of China
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Tsingas M, Ottone OK, Haseeb A, Barve RA, Shapiro IM, Lefebvre V, Risbud MV. Sox9 deletion causes severe intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by apoptosis, matrix remodeling, and compartment-specific transcriptomic changes. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:110-133. [PMID: 33027692 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SOX9 plays an important role in chondrocyte differentiation and, in the developing axial skeleton, maintains the notochord and the demarcation of intervertebral disc compartments. Diminished expression is linked to campomelic dysplasia, resulting in severe scoliosis and progressive disc degeneration. However, the specific functions of SOX9 in the adult spinal column and disc are largely unknown. Accordingly, employing a strategy to conditionally delete Sox9 in Acan-expressing cells (AcanCreERT2Sox9fl/fl), we delineated these functions in the adult intervertebral disc. AcanCreERT2Sox9fl/fl mice (Sox9cKO) showed extensive and progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix in nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF), consistent with human disc degeneration. Progressive degeneration of the cartilaginous endplates (EP) was also evident in Sox9cKO mice, and it preceded morphological changes seen in the NP and AF compartments. Fate mapping using tdTomato reporter, EdU chase, and quantitative immunohistological studies demonstrated that SOX9 is crucial for disc cell survival and phenotype maintenance. Microarray analysis showed that Sox9 regulated distinct compartment-specific transcriptomic landscapes, with prominent contributions to the ECM, cytoskeleton-related, and metabolic pathways in the NP and ion transport, the cell cycle, and signaling pathways in the AF. In summary, our work provides new insights into disc degeneration in Sox9cKO mice at the cellular, molecular, and transcriptional levels, underscoring tissue-specific roles of this transcription factor. Our findings may direct future cell therapies targeting SOX9 to mitigate disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsingas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Olivia K Ottone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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31
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Yao B, Wang C, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Zhao D, Bai X, Leng X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the main beam and brow tine of sika deer antler provides insights into the molecular control of rapid antler growth. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:42. [PMID: 32944020 PMCID: PMC7487962 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deer antlers have become a valuable model for biomedical research due to the capacities of regeneration and rapid growth. However, the molecular mechanism of rapid antler growth remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to compare and explore the molecular control exerted by the main beam and brow tine during rapid antler growth. Methods The main beams and brow tines of sika deer antlers were collected from Chinese sika deer (Cervus nippon) at the rapid growth stage. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using RNA-Seq technology. Differential expression was assessed using the DEGseq package. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was accomplished using a rigorous algorithm according to the GO Term Finder tool, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis was accomplished with the R function phyper, followed by the hypergeometric test and Bonferroni correction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to verify the RNA levels for differentially expressed mRNAs. Results The expression levels of 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chondrogenesis and cartilage development were identified as significantly upregulated in the main beams, including transcription factor SOX-9 (Sox9), collagen alpha-1(II) chain (Col2a1), aggrecan core protein (Acan), etc. However, the expression levels of 17 DEGs involved in endochondral ossification and bone formation were identified as significantly upregulated in the brow tines, including collagen alpha-1(X) chain (Col10a1), osteopontin (Spp1) and bone sialoprotein 2 (Ibsp), etc. Conclusion These results suggest that the antler main beam has stronger growth capacity involved in chondrogenesis and cartilage development compared to the brow tine during rapid antler growth, which is mainly achieved through regulation of Sox9 and its target genes, whereas the antler brow tine has stronger capacities of endochondral bone formation and resorption compared to the main beam during rapid antler growth, which is mainly achieved through the genes involved in regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Thus, the current research has deeply expanded our understanding of the intrinsic molecular regulation displayed by the main beam and brow tine during rapid antler growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
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Zhang Z, Wu W, Fang X, Lu M, Wu H, Gao C, Xia Z. Sox9 promotes renal tubular epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix aggregation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4017-4030. [PMID: 32901875 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox9 is important for multiple aspects of development, such as testis, pancreas and heart development. Previous studies have reported that Sox9 induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in organ fibrosis and associated diseases, such as vascular calcification. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role and underlying mechanism of action of Sox9 in renal fibrogenesis remains unknown. The results of the present study revealed that Sox9 expression levels were upregulated in the tubular epithelial cells of a rat model of obstructive nephropathy. Furthermore, the overexpression of Sox9 in NRK‑52E cells was discovered to promote renal tubular EMT and ECM aggregation, and these fibrogenic actions were potentiated by TGF‑β1. Notably, RNA‑sequencing analysis indicated the possible regulatory role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Sox9‑mediated renal tubular EMT and ECM aggregation. It was further demonstrated that the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT were upregulated in NRK‑52E cells overexpressing Sox9, while the PI3K inhibitors, LY29002 and wortmannin, inhibited the renal tubular EMT and ECM aggregation induced by the overexpression of Sox9 in NEK‑52E cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that Sox9 may serve a profibrotic role in the development of renal tubular EMT and ECM aggregation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, Sox9 may be considered as a promising target for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Heyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Biochemical characteristics of the chondrocyte-enriched SNORC protein and its transcriptional regulation by SOX9. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7790. [PMID: 32385306 PMCID: PMC7210984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Snorc (Small NOvel Rich in Cartilage) has been identified as a chondrocyte-specific gene in the mouse. Yet little is known about the SNORC protein biochemical properties, and mechanistically how the gene is regulated transcriptionally in a tissue-specific manner. The goals of the present study were to shed light on those important aspects. The chondrocyte nature of Snorc expression was confirmed in mouse and rat tissues, in differentiated (day 7) ATDC5, and in RCS cells where it was constitutive. Topological mapping and biochemical analysis brought experimental evidences that SNORC is a type I protein carrying a chondroitin sulfate (CS) attached to serine 44. The anomalous migration of SNORC on SDS-PAGE was due to its primary polypeptide features, suggesting no additional post-translational modifications apart from the CS glycosaminoglycan. A highly conserved SOX9-binding enhancer located in intron 1 was necessary to drive transcription of Snorc in the mouse, rat, and human. The enhancer was active independently of orientation and whether located in a heterologous promoter or intron. Crispr-mediated inactivation of the enhancer in RCS cells caused reduction of Snorc. Transgenic mice carrying the intronic multimerized enhancer drove high expression of a βGeo reporter in chondrocytes, but not in the hypertrophic zone. Altogether these data confirmed the chondrocyte-specific nature of Snorc and revealed dependency on the intronic enhancer binding of SOX9 for transcription.
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Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. The Role of Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Senescence in Osteoarthritis Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072358. [PMID: 32235300 PMCID: PMC7177949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes pain and disability in the adult population. OA is primarily caused by trauma induced by an external force or by age-related cartilage damage. Chondrocyte hypertrophy or chondrocyte senescence is thought to play a role in the initiation and progression of OA. Although chondrocyte hypertrophy and cell death are both crucial steps during the natural process of endochondral bone formation, the abnormal activation of these two processes after injury or during aging seems to accelerate the progression of OA. However, the exact mechanisms of OA progression and these two processes remain poorly understood. Chondrocyte senescence and hypertrophy during OA share various markers and processes. In this study, we reviewed the changes that occur during chondrocyte hypertrophy or senescence in OA and the attempts that were made to regulate them. Regulation of hypertrophic or senescent chondrocytes might be a potential therapeutic target to slow down or stop OA progression; thus, a better understanding of the processes is required for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoojun Nam
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.A.R.); (Y.N.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6895
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Griffiths R, Woods S, Cheng A, Wang P, Griffiths-Jones S, Ronshaugen M, Kimber SJ. The Transcription Factor-microRNA Regulatory Network during hESC-chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4744. [PMID: 32179818 PMCID: PMC7075910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer a promising therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis (OA). The unlimited source of cells capable of differentiating to chondrocytes has potential for repairing damaged cartilage or to generate disease models via gene editing. However their use is limited by the efficiency of chondrogenic differentiation. An improved understanding of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis will enable us to improve hESC chondrogenic differentiation protocols. Small RNA-seq and whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on distinct stages of hESC-directed chondrogenesis. This revealed significant changes in the expression of several microRNAs including upregulation of known cartilage associated microRNAs and those transcribed from the Hox complexes, and the downregulation of pluripotency associated microRNAs. Integration of miRomes and transcriptomes generated during hESC-directed chondrogenesis identified key functionally related clusters of co-expressed microRNAs and protein coding genes, associated with pluripotency, primitive streak, limb development and extracellular matrix. Analysis identified regulators of hESC-directed chondrogenesis such as miR-29c-3p with 10 of its established targets identified as co-regulated 'ECM organisation' genes and miR-22-3p which is highly co-expressed with ECM genes and may regulate these genes indirectly by targeting the chondrogenic regulators SP1 and HDAC4. We identified several upregulated transcription factors including HOXA9/A10/D13 involved in limb patterning and RELA, JUN and NFAT5, which have targets enriched with ECM associated genes. We have developed an unbiased approach for integrating transcriptome and miRome using protein-protein interactions, transcription factor regulation and miRNA target interactions and identified key regulatory networks prominent in hESC chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Griffiths
- Divisions of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Divisions of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aixin Cheng
- Divisions of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Wang
- Evolution and Genomic Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sam Griffiths-Jones
- Evolution and Genomic Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew Ronshaugen
- Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Divisions of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Liang B, Mamidi MK, Samsa WE, Chen Y, Lee B, Zheng Q, Zhou G. Targeted and sustained Sox9 expression in mouse hypertrophic chondrocytes causes severe and spontaneous osteoarthritis by perturbing cartilage homeostasis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1056-1069. [PMID: 32269734 PMCID: PMC7137053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sox9 is the master transcription factor essential for cartilage development and homeostasis. To investigate the specific role of Sox9 during chondrocyte hypertrophy, we generated a novel Col10a1-Sox9 transgenic mouse model, in which Sox9 is specifically expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes driven by a well-characterized 10-kb Col10a1 promoter. These mice were viable and fertile, and appeared normal at birth. However, they developed dwarfism by ten weeks of age. The histological analysis of the growth plates from these transgenic mice demonstrated an abnormal growth plate architecture and a significantly reduced amount of trabecular bone and mineral content in the primary spongiosa. Real-time qPCR analysis revealed the reduced expression of Col10a1, and increased expressions of adipogenic differentiation markers in primary hypertrophic chondrocytes isolated from transgenic mice. Concomitantly, the transgenic mouse chondrocyte cultures had increased lipid droplet accumulation. Unexpectedly, we also observed an increased incidence of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) development in the transgenic mice by X-ray analysis, micro-computed tomography scanning, and histological examination of knee joints. The manifestation of OA in Col10a1-Sox9 transgenic mice began by six-months of age, and worsened by eleven-months of age. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence that the proper spatiotemporal expression of Sox9 is necessary for normal adult hypertrophic cartilage homeostasis, and that the aberrant expression of Sox9 might lead to spontaneous OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University126 Xiantai Blvd, Changchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Murali K Mamidi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at PingshanShenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
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Bourebaba L, Michalak I, Baouche M, Kucharczyk K, Marycz K. Cladophora glomerata methanolic extract promotes chondrogenic gene expression and cartilage phenotype differentiation in equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells affected by metabolic syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:392. [PMID: 31847882 PMCID: PMC6916455 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrogenesis represents a highly dynamic cellular process that leads to the establishment of various types of cartilage. However, when stress-related injuries occur, a rapid and efficient regeneration of the tissues is necessary to maintain cartilage integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to exhibit high capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency effects, and thus play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. On the other hand, the influence of certain pathological conditions such as metabolic disorders on MSCs can seriously impair their regenerative properties and thus reduce their therapeutic potential. OBJECTIVES In this investigation, we attempted to improve and potentiate the in vitro chondrogenic ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) isolated from horses suffering from metabolic syndrome. METHODS Cultured cells in chondrogenic-inductive medium supplemented with Cladophora glomerata methanolic extract were experimented for expression of the main genes and microRNAs involved in the differentiation process using RT-PCR, for their morphological changes through confocal and scanning electron microscopy and for their physiological homeostasis. RESULTS The different added concentrations of C. glomerata extract to the basic chondrogenic inductive culture medium promoted the proliferation of equine metabolic syndrome ASCs (ASCsEMS) and resulted in chondrogenic phenotype differentiation and higher mRNA expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and Sox9 among others. The results reveal an obvious inhibitory effect of hypertrophy and a strong repression of miR-145-5p, miR-146-3p, and miR-34a and miR-449a largely involved in cartilage degradation. Treated cells additionally exhibited significant reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as promoted viability and mitochondrial potentiation. CONCLUSION Chondrogenesis in EqASCsEMS was found to be prominent after chondrogenic induction in conditions containing C. glomerata extract, suggesting that the macroalgae could be considered for the enhancement of ASC cultures and their reparative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Meriem Baouche
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland. .,Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW), Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
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Hojo H, Ohba S. Insights into Gene Regulatory Networks in Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246324. [PMID: 31847446 PMCID: PMC6940734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a key developmental process that molds the framework of our body and generates the skeletal tissues by coupling with osteogenesis. The developmental processes are well-coordinated by spatiotemporal gene expressions, which are hardwired with gene regulatory elements. Those elements exist as thousands of modules of DNA sequences on the genome. Transcription factors function as key regulatory proteins by binding to regulatory elements and recruiting cofactors. Over the past 30 years, extensive attempts have been made to identify gene regulatory mechanisms in chondrogenesis, mainly through biochemical approaches and genetics. More recently, newly developed next-generation sequencers (NGS) have identified thousands of gene regulatory elements on a genome scale, and provided novel insights into the multiple layers of gene regulatory mechanisms, including the modes of actions of transcription factors, post-translational histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, the concept of pioneer factors, and three-dimensional chromatin architecture. In this review, we summarize the studies that have improved our understanding of the gene regulatory mechanisms in chondrogenesis, from the historical studies to the more recent works using NGS. Finally, we consider the future perspectives, including efforts to improve our understanding of the gene regulatory landscape in chondrogenesis and potential applications to the treatment of chondrocyte-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7630
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Schneider AJ, Gawdzik J, Vezina CM, Baker TR, Peterson RE. Sox9 in mouse urogenital sinus epithelium mediates elongation of prostatic buds and expression of genes involved in epithelial cell migration. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119075. [PMID: 31669249 PMCID: PMC6927329 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified Sox9 as a critical mediator of prostate development but the precise stage when Sox9 acts had not been determined. A genetic approach was used to delete Sox9 from mouse urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE) prior to prostate specification. All prostatic bud types (anterior, dorsolateral and ventral) were stunted in Sox9 conditional knockouts (cKOs) even though the number of prostatic buds did not differ from that of controls. We concluded that Sox9 is required for prostatic bud elongation and compared control male, control female, Sox9 cKO male and Sox9 cKO female UGE transcriptomes to identify potential molecular mediators. We identified 702 sex-dependent and 95 Sox9-dependent genes. Thirty-one genes were expressed in both a sex- and Sox9-dependent pattern. A comparison of Sox9 cKO female vs control female UGE transcriptomes revealed 74 Sox9-dependent genes, some of which also function in cell migration. SOX9 regulates, directly or indirectly, a largely different profile of genes in male and female UGE. Eighty-three percent of Sox9-dependent genes in male UGE were not Sox9-dependent in female UGE. Only 16 genes were Sox9-dependent in the UGE of both sexes and seven had cell migration functions. These results support the notion that Sox9 promotes cell migration activities needed for prostate ductal elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schneider
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Joseph Gawdzik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Chad M Vezina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Richard E Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Tankyrase inhibition preserves osteoarthritic cartilage by coordinating cartilage matrix anabolism via effects on SOX9 PARylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4898. [PMID: 31653858 PMCID: PMC6814715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease, which involves progressive and irreversible destruction of cartilage matrix. Despite efforts to reconstruct cartilage matrix in osteoarthritic joints, it has been a difficult task as adult cartilage exhibits marginal repair capacity. Here we report the identification of tankyrase as a regulator of the cartilage anabolism axis based on systems-level factor analysis of mouse reference populations. Tankyrase inhibition drives the expression of a cartilage-signature matrisome and elicits a transcriptomic pattern that is inversely correlated with OA progression. Furthermore, tankyrase inhibitors ameliorate surgically induced OA in mice, and stem cell transplantation coupled with tankyrase knockdown results in superior regeneration of cartilage lesions. Mechanistically, the pro-regenerative features of tankyrase inhibition are mainly triggered by uncoupling SOX9 from a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation)-dependent protein degradation pathway. Our findings provide insights into the development of future OA therapies aimed at reconstruction of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis results from the progressive destruction of cartilage matrix. Here, Kim et al. identify tankyrase as a regulator of cartilage matrix anabolism, and find that tankyrase inhibition, by preventing SOX9 PARylation, protects from cartilage destruction in a mouse model of osteoarthritis.
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Rocha M, Singh N, Ahsan K, Beiriger A, Prince VE. Neural crest development: insights from the zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:88-111. [PMID: 31591788 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, is built upon studies of multiple model organisms. Early research on neural crest cells (NCCs) was dominated by analyses of accessible amphibian and avian embryos, with mouse genetics providing complementary insights in more recent years. The zebrafish model is a relative newcomer to the field, yet it offers unparalleled advantages for the study of NCCs. Specifically, zebrafish provide powerful genetic and transgenic tools, coupled with rapidly developing transparent embryos that are ideal for high-resolution real-time imaging of the dynamic process of neural crest development. While the broad principles of neural crest development are largely conserved across vertebrate species, there are critical differences in anatomy, morphogenesis, and genetics that must be considered before information from one model is extrapolated to another. Here, our goal is to provide the reader with a helpful primer specific to neural crest development in the zebrafish model. We focus largely on the earliest events-specification, delamination, and migration-discussing what is known about zebrafish NCC development and how it differs from NCC development in non-teleost species, as well as highlighting current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kamil Ahsan
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anastasia Beiriger
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper is to review state-of-the-art transcriptome profiling methods and their recent applications in the field of skeletal biology. RECENT FINDINGS Next-generation sequencing of mRNA (RNA-seq) methods have been established and routinely used in skeletal biology research. RNA-seq has led to the identification of novel genes and transcription factors involved in skeletal development and disease, through its application in small and large animal models, as well as human tissue and cells. With the availability of advanced techniques such as single-cell RNA-seq, novel cell types in skeletal tissues are being identified. As the sequencing technologies are rapidly evolving, the exciting discoveries supported by transcriptomics will continue to emerge and improve our understanding of the biology of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Ayturk
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 East 71st St. Suite 403, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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43
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Lui JC, Yue S, Lee A, Kikani B, Temnycky A, Barnes KM, Baron J. Persistent Sox9 expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes suppresses transdifferentiation into osteoblasts. Bone 2019; 125:169-177. [PMID: 31121357 PMCID: PMC7558415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal bone growth is driven by endochondral ossification, a process in which cartilage tissue is generated by growth plate chondrocytes and then remodeled into bone by osteoblasts. In the postnatal growth plate, as hypertrophic chondrocytes approach the chondro-osseous junction, they may undergo apoptosis, or directly transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. The molecular mechanisms governing this switch in cell lineage are poorly understood. Here we show that the physiological downregulation of Sox9 in hypertrophic chondrocyte is associated with upregulation of osteoblast-associated genes (such as Mmp13, Cola1, Ibsp) in hypertrophic chondrocytes, before they enter the metaphyseal bone. In transgenic mice that continued to express Sox9 in all cells derived from the chondrocytic lineage, upregulation of these osteoblast-associated genes in the hypertrophic zone failed to occur. Furthermore, lineage tracing experiments showed that, in transgenic mice expressing Sox9, the number of chondrocytes transdifferentiating into osteoblasts was markedly reduced. Collectively, our findings suggest that Sox9 downregulation in hypertrophic chondrocytes promotes expression of osteoblast-associated genes in hypertrophic chondrocytes and promotes the subsequent transdifferentiation of these cells into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Shanna Yue
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Audrey Lee
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Bijal Kikani
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Adrian Temnycky
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Kevin M Barnes
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
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44
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Kohama I, Kosaka N, Chikuda H, Ochiya T. An Insight into the Roles of MicroRNAs and Exosomes in Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030428. [PMID: 30917542 PMCID: PMC6468388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare solid tumors, but at least one-third of patients with sarcoma die from tumor-related disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression in all cells and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. Recently, it was identified that miRNAs are transferred between cells by enclosure in extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. The exosome is a 100 nm-sized membraned vesicle that is secreted by many kinds of cells and contains miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. Cancer uses exosomes to influence not only the tumor microenvironment but also the distant organ to create a premetastatic niche. The progression of sarcoma is also regulated by miRNAs and exosomes. These miRNAs and exosomes can be targeted as biomarkers and treatments. In this review, we summarize the studies of miRNA and exosomes in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaku Kohama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
- Department of Translational Research for Extracellular Vesicles, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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45
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are expressed throughout all stages of skeletal development. In the limb bud and in cranial mesenchyme, FGF signaling is important for formation of mesenchymal condensations that give rise to bone. Once skeletal elements are initiated and patterned, FGFs regulate both endochondral and intramembranous ossification programs. In this chapter, we review functions of the FGF signaling pathway during these critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explore skeletal malformations in humans that are caused by mutations in FGF signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132 Inserm (Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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46
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SOX9 regulated matrix proteins are increased in patients serum and correlate with severity of liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17905. [PMID: 30559459 PMCID: PMC6297163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and resultant scar play a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Identifying core regulators of ECM deposition may lead to urgently needed diagnostic and therapetic strategies for the disease. The transcription factor Sex determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) is actively involved in scar formation and its prevalence in patients with liver fibrosis predicts progression. In this study, transcriptomic approaches of Sox9-abrogated myofibroblasts identified >30% of genes regulated by SOX9 relate to the ECM. Further scrutiny of these data identified a panel of highly expressed ECM proteins, including Osteopontin (OPN), Osteoactivin (GPNMB), Fibronectin (FN1), Osteonectin (SPARC) and Vimentin (VIM) as SOX9 targets amenable to assay in patient serum. In vivo all SOX-regulated targets were increased in human disease and mouse models of fibrosis and decreased following Sox9-loss in mice with parenchymal and biliary fibrosis. In patient serum samples, SOX9-regulated ECM proteins were altered in response to fibrosis severity, whereas comparison with established clinical biomarkers demonstrated superiority for OPN and VIM at detecting early stages of fibrosis. These data support SOX9 in the mechanisms underlying fibrosis and highlight SOX9 and its downstream targets as new measures to stratify patients with liver fibrosis.
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47
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Rossitto M, Marchive C, Pruvost A, Sellem E, Ghettas A, Badiou S, Sutra T, Poulat F, Philibert P, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen. FASEB J 2018; 33:339-357. [PMID: 29979629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800488rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and analgesic drugs, such as N-acetyl- p-aminophenol (APAP; acetaminophen, paracetamol), are widely used by pregnant women. Accumulating evidence has indicated that these molecules can favor genital malformations in newborn boys and reproductive disorders in adults. However, the consequences on postnatal testis development and adult reproductive health after exposure during early embryogenesis are still unknown. Using the mouse model, we show that in utero exposure to therapeutic doses of the widely used APAP-ibuprofen combination during the sex determination period leads to early differentiation and decreased proliferation of male embryonic germ cells, and early 5-methylcytosine and extracellular matrix protein deposition in 13.5 d postcoitum exposed testes. Consequently, in postnatal testes, Sertoli-cell maturation is delayed, the Leydig-cell compartment is hyperplasic, and the spermatogonia A pool is decreased. This results in a reduced production of testosterone and in epididymal sperm parameter defects. We observed a reduced sperm count (19%) in utero-exposed (F0) adult males and also a reduced sperm motility (40%) in their offspring (F1) when both parents were exposed, which leads to subfertility among the 6 mo old F1 animals. Our study suggests that the use of these drugs during the critical period of sex determination affects the germ-line development and leads to adverse effects that could be passed to the offspring.-Rossitto, M., Marchive, C., Pruvost, A., Sellem, E., Ghettas, A., Badiou, S., Sutra, T., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B. Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Rossitto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Marchive
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Pruvost
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Small Molecules Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (SMArt-MS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Eli Sellem
- Research and Development Department, Allice, Biology of Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Ghettas
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Small Molecules Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (SMArt-MS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Badiou
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Sutra
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Poulat
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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48
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Logjes RJH, Breugem CC, Van Haaften G, Paes EC, Sperber GH, van den Boogaard MJH, Farlie PG. The ontogeny of Robin sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1349-1368. [PMID: 29696787 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and concomitant airway obstruction defined as "Robin sequence" (RS) is caused by oropharyngeal developmental events constrained by a reduced stomadeal space. This sequence of abnormal embryonic development also results in an anatomical configuration that might predispose the fetus to a cleft palate. RS is heterogeneous and many different etiologies have been described including syndromic, RS-plus, and isolated forms. For an optimal diagnosis, subsequent treatment and prognosis, a thorough understanding of the embryology and pathogenesis is necessary. This manuscript provides an update about our current understanding of the development of the mandible, tongue, and palate and possible mechanisms involved in the development of RS. Additionally, we provide the reader with an up-to-date summary of the different etiologies of this phenotype and link this to the embryologic, developmental, and genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht J H Logjes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corstiaan C Breugem
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C Paes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey H Sperber
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Peter G Farlie
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
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49
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Zuo C, Wang L, Kamalesh RM, Bowen ME, Moore DC, Dooner MS, Reginato AM, Wu Q, Schorl C, Song Y, Warman ML, Neel BG, Ehrlich MG, Yang W. SHP2 regulates skeletal cell fate by modifying SOX9 expression and transcriptional activity. Bone Res 2018; 6:12. [PMID: 29644115 PMCID: PMC5886981 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from a common mesenchymal precursor, the osteochondroprogenitor (OCP), and help build the vertebrate skeleton. The signaling pathways that control lineage commitment for OCPs are incompletely understood. We asked whether the ubiquitously expressed protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by Ptpn11) affects skeletal lineage commitment by conditionally deleting Ptpn11 in mouse limb and head mesenchyme using "Cre-loxP"-mediated gene excision. SHP2-deficient mice have increased cartilage mass and deficient ossification, suggesting that SHP2-deficient OCPs become chondrocytes and not osteoblasts. Consistent with these observations, the expression of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and its target genes Acan, Col2a1, and Col10a1 were increased in SHP2-deficient chondrocytes, as revealed by gene expression arrays, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunostaining. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that SHP2 regulates OCP fate determination via the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of SOX9, mediated at least in part via the PKA signaling pathway. Our data indicate that SHP2 is critical for skeletal cell lineage differentiation and could thus be a pharmacologic target for bone and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zuo
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA.,9Present Address: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Lijun Wang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Raghavendra M Kamalesh
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Margot E Bowen
- 2Orthopaedic Research Laboratories and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Douglas C Moore
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Mark S Dooner
- 3Division of Hematology and Oncology, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Anthony M Reginato
- 4Division of Rheumatology, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Qian Wu
- 5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- 6Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Yueming Song
- 7Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Matthew L Warman
- 2Orthopaedic Research Laboratories and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- 8Laura and Issac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Michael G Ehrlich
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Wentian Yang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
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50
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Goto H, Nishio M, To Y, Oishi T, Miyachi Y, Maehama T, Nishina H, Akiyama H, Mak TW, Makii Y, Saito T, Yasoda A, Tsumaki N, Suzuki A. Loss of Mob1a/b in mice results in chondrodysplasia due to YAP1/TAZ-TEAD-dependent repression of SOX9. Development 2018; 145:dev.159244. [PMID: 29511023 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is modulated in response to cell density, external mechanical forces, and rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The Mps one binder kinase activator (MOB) adaptor proteins are core components of Hippo signaling and influence Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which are potent transcriptional regulators. YAP1/TAZ are key contributors to cartilage and bone development but the molecular mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway controls chondrogenesis are largely unknown. Cartilage is rich in ECM and also subject to strong external forces - two upstream factors regulating Hippo signaling. Chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification are tightly controlled by growth factors, morphogens, hormones, and transcriptional factors that engage in crosstalk with Hippo-YAP1/TAZ signaling. Here, we generated tamoxifen-inducible, chondrocyte-specific Mob1a/b-deficient mice and show that hyperactivation of endogenous YAP1/TAZ impairs chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation/maturation, leading to chondrodysplasia. These defects were linked to suppression of SOX9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, the expression of which is mediated by TEAD transcription factors. Our data indicate that a MOB1-dependent YAP1/TAZ-TEAD complex functions as a transcriptional repressor of SOX9 and thereby negatively regulates chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko To
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oishi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yuma Makii
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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