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Gleason JL, Yeung EH, Sundaram R, Putnick DL, Mendola P, Bell EM, Polinski KJ, Robinson SL, Grantz KL. Longitudinal Child Growth Patterns in Twins and Singletons in the Upstate KIDS Cohort. J Pediatr 2023; 263:113720. [PMID: 37660974 PMCID: PMC10872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate childhood growth patterns in twins and to determine whether they show the same signs of excess growth as singletons born small-for-gestational age (SGA), which may confer future cardiometabolic risk. STUDY DESIGN In the Upstate KIDS cohort of infants delivered from 2008 through 2010, we compared height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 0-3 and 7-9 years of age, as well as risk of rapid weight gain (RWG) in infancy and overweight/obesity beginning at 2 years, among appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) twins (n = 1121), AGA singletons (n = 2684), and two groups of SGA twins: uncertain SGA twins (<10th percentile for birthweight by a singleton reference but >10th% by a population-based twin birthweight reference; n = 319) and true SGA twins (<10th% by a population-based twin reference; n = 144). RESULTS Compared with AGA twins, both SGA twin groups had lower weight and BMI z-scores at both time points. By 7-9 years, both groups caught up in height with AGA twins. Compared with AGA singletons, z-score differences decreased between 0-3 and 7-9 years for uncertain SGA and true SGA twins, though true SGA twins had the lowest z-scores for all measures. During infancy, twins were more likely to display RWG compared with AGA singletons (RR = 2.06 to 2.67), which may reflect normal catch-up growth, as no twin group had higher prevalence of overweight/obesity at either time point. CONCLUSIONS Though twins had lower height, weight, and BMI z-scores at birth and into toddlerhood, differences were reduced by 7-9 years, with no evidence of pathological growth and no group of twins showing elevated risk of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gleason
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diane L Putnick
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Erin M Bell
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics University at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Kristen J Polinski
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sonia L Robinson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
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Murray A, Gough G, Cindrić A, Vučković F, Koschut D, Borelli V, Petrović DJ, Bekavac A, Plećaš A, Hribljan V, Brunmeir R, Jurić J, Pučić-Baković M, Slana A, Deriš H, Frkatović A, Groet J, O'Brien NL, Chen HY, Yeap YJ, Delom F, Havlicek S, Gammon L, Hamburg S, Startin C, D'Souza H, Mitrečić D, Kero M, Odak L, Krušlin B, Krsnik Ž, Kostović I, Foo JN, Loh YH, Dunn NR, de la Luna S, Spector T, Barišić I, Thomas MSC, Strydom A, Franceschi C, Lauc G, Krištić J, Alić I, Nižetić D. Dose imbalance of DYRK1A kinase causes systemic progeroid status in Down syndrome by increasing the un-repaired DNA damage and reducing LaminB1 levels. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104692. [PMID: 37451904 PMCID: PMC10435767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Down syndrome (DS) show clinical signs of accelerated ageing. Causative mechanisms remain unknown and hypotheses range from the (essentially untreatable) amplified-chromosomal-instability explanation, to potential actions of individual supernumerary chromosome-21 genes. The latter explanation could open a route to therapeutic amelioration if the specific over-acting genes could be identified and their action toned-down. METHODS Biological age was estimated through patterns of sugar molecules attached to plasma immunoglobulin-G (IgG-glycans, an established "biological-ageing-clock") in n = 246 individuals with DS from three European populations, clinically characterised for the presence of co-morbidities, and compared to n = 256 age-, sex- and demography-matched healthy controls. Isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) models of full and partial trisomy-21 with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and two kinase inhibitors were studied prior and after differentiation to cerebral organoids. FINDINGS Biological age in adults with DS is (on average) 18.4-19.1 years older than in chronological-age-matched controls independent of co-morbidities, and this shift remains constant throughout lifespan. Changes are detectable from early childhood, and do not require a supernumerary chromosome, but are seen in segmental duplication of only 31 genes, along with increased DNA damage and decreased levels of LaminB1 in nucleated blood cells. We demonstrate that these cell-autonomous phenotypes can be gene-dose-modelled and pharmacologically corrected in hiPSCs and derived cerebral organoids. Using isogenic hiPSC models we show that chromosome-21 gene DYRK1A overdose is sufficient and necessary to cause excess unrepaired DNA damage. INTERPRETATION Explanation of hitherto observed accelerated ageing in DS as a developmental progeroid syndrome driven by DYRK1A overdose provides a target for early pharmacological preventative intervention strategies. FUNDING Main funding came from the "Research Cooperability" Program of the Croatian Science Foundation funded by the European Union from the European Social Fund under the Operational Programme Efficient Human Resources 2014-2020, Project PZS-2019-02-4277, and the Wellcome Trust Grants 098330/Z/12/Z and 217199/Z/19/Z (UK). All other funding is described in details in the "Acknowledgements".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Murray
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK.
| | - Gillian Gough
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ana Cindrić
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frano Vučković
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Koschut
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Dražen J Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Bekavac
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Plećaš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Julija Jurić
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Anita Slana
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Deriš
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Azra Frkatović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jűrgen Groet
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Niamh L O'Brien
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Hong Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Frederic Delom
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Luke Gammon
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Hamburg
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Carla Startin
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Hana D'Souza
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK; Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mijana Kero
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Odak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božo Krušlin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Norris Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Susana de la Luna
- ICREA, Genome Biology Programme (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER of Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ingeborg Barišić
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael S C Thomas
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK; Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Andre Strydom
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy; Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Alić
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Freidin MB, Cheetham N, Duncan EL, Steves CJ, Doores KJ, Malim MH, Rossi N, Lord JM, Franks PW, Borsini A, Granville Smith I, Falchi M, Pariante C, Williams FMK. Long-COVID fatigue is not predicted by pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels in mild COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:947-953. [PMID: 36995412 PMCID: PMC10062244 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Fatigue is a prominent symptom in the general population and may follow viral infection, including SARS-CoV2 infection which causes COVID-19. Chronic fatigue lasting more than three months is the major symptom of the post-COVID syndrome (known colloquially as long-COVID). The mechanisms underlying long-COVID fatigue are unknown. We hypothesized that the development of long-COVID chronic fatigue is driven by the pro-inflammatory immune status of an individual prior to COVID-19. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed pre-pandemic plasma levels of IL-6, which plays a key role in persistent fatigue, in N = 1274 community dwelling adults from TwinsUK. Subsequent COVID-19-positive and -negative participants were categorized based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody testing. Chronic fatigue was assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale. RESULTS COVID-19-positive participants exhibited mild disease. Chronic fatigue was a prevalent symptom among this population and significantly higher in positive vs. negative participants (17% vs 11%, respectively; p = 0.001). The qualitative nature of chronic fatigue as determined by individual questionnaire responses was similar in positive and negative participants. Pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels were positively associated with chronic fatigue in negative, but not positive individuals. Raised BMI was associated with chronic fatigue in positive participants. CONCLUSIONS Pre-existing increased IL-6 levels may contribute to chronic fatigue symptoms, but there was no increased risk in individuals with mild COVID-19 compared with uninfected individuals. Elevated BMI also increased the risk of chronic fatigue in mild COVID-19, consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Nathan Cheetham
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niccolo Rossi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Granville Smith
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Keehn L, Mangino M, Spector T, Chowienczyk P, Cecelja M. Relation of Pulse Wave Velocity to Contemporaneous and Historical Blood Pressure in Female Twins. Hypertension 2023; 80:361-369. [PMID: 36408690 PMCID: PMC9847690 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between blood pressure and aortic stiffness is well known, but ambiguity remains as to whether one precedes the other. This study aimed to investigate the association of aortic stiffness with contemporaneous versus historic blood pressure and direction of causality between aortic stiffening and hypertension in female twins. METHODS Aortic stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded in 2037 female TwinsUK participants (mean age: 62.4±9.7 years) at a single time point. A subset of 947 participants had repeat PWV and MAP measures (mean interval 5.5±1.7 years) with additional historic MAP (mean interval 6.6±3.3 years before baseline). RESULTS Cross-sectional multivariable linear regression analysis confirmed PWV significantly associated with age and MAP. In longitudinal analysis, annual progression of PWV was not associated with historic MAP (standardized beta coefficient [β]=-0.02, P=0.698), weakly associated with baseline MAP (β=0.09, P=0.049) but strongly associated with progression (from baseline to most recent measurement) of MAP (β= 0.26, P<0.001). Progression of MAP associated with both baseline and progression of PWV (β=0.13, P=0.003 and β=0.24, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Progression of aortic stiffness associates more strongly with contemporaneous MAP compared with historic MAP. In contrast, progression of MAP is associated with prior arterial stiffness. These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between arterial stiffness and blood pressure, and that lowering blood pressure may prevent a cycle of arterial stiffening and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Keehn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital (L.K., P.C., M.C.)
| | - Massimo Mangino
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London (M.M.)
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital (M.M., T.S.)
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital (M.M., T.S.)
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital (L.K., P.C., M.C.)
| | - Marina Cecelja
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital (L.K., P.C., M.C.)
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Qin X, Wang Y, Pedersen NL, Tang B, Hägg S. Dynamic patterns of blood lipids and DNA methylation in response to statin therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:153. [PMID: 36443870 PMCID: PMC9706978 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are lipid-lowering drugs and starting treatment has been associated with DNA methylation changes at genes related to lipid metabolism. However, the longitudinal pattern of how statins affect DNA methylation in relation to lipid levels has not been well investigated. METHODS We conducted an epigenetic association study in a longitudinal Swedish twin sample in previously reported lipid-related CpGs (cg10177197, cg17901584 and cg27243685). First, we applied a mixed-effect model to assess the association between blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total triglyceride (TG)) and DNA methylation. Then, we performed a piecewise latent linear-linear growth curve model (LGCM) to explore the long-term changing pattern of lipids and methylation in response to statin treatment. Finally, we used a bivariate autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to analyze the cross-lagged effects in different lipid-CpG pairs in statin users and non-users. RESULTS We replicated the associations between TC, LDL, HDL and DNA methylation level in cg17901584 and cg27243685 (P values ranged from 4.70E-12 to 1.84E-04). From the piecewise LGCM, we showed that TC and LDL significantly decreased in statin users before treatment started and then remained stable. For non-statin users, we only found a slightly significant decreasing trend for TC and TG. We observed a similar dynamic pattern for methylation levels at cg27243685 and cg17901584. Before statin initiation, cg27243685 showed a significantly increasing trend and cg17901584 a decreasing trend, but post-treatment, there were no additional changes. From the ALT-SR model, we found TG levels to be significantly associated with the DNA methylation level of cg27243685 at the next measurement in statin users (estimate = 0.383, 95% CI: 0.173, 0.594, P value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal blood lipid and DNA methylation levels change after statin treatment initiation, where the latter is mostly a response to alterations in lipid levels and not vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Qin
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38# Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bowen Tang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Depressive symptoms immediately before and after the first lockdown. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:202-208. [PMID: 34732338 PMCID: PMC8557388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy was one of the first countries to be heavily hit by the spread of the new Coronavirus. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the real effect of COVID-19 on adult mental health. The Italian Twin Registry carried out a study to investigate, over time, the course of depressive symptoms in the general population. METHODS The study relies on data collected just before the beginning (February 2020) and the end (June 2020) of the first lockdown. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and total scores or categorized depression scores were considered in the analyzes. RESULTS A total of 1690 adult twins were recruited. The study showed a mean depression score of 1.11 immediately before lockdown and 1.20 immediately after, with an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms increasing from 33.6 to 38.9%. Depressive symptoms immediately after the restriction period were associated with Covid-19 symptoms affecting households, financial problems due to the pandemic and poor social support. Independently of the baseline risk of depressive symptoms, we observed an increased risk among younger and less educated people. Compared to the pre-lockdown period, women and middle-aged people also were found to be at greater risk of developing depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Possible participation bias and residual selection bias. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased depressive symptomatology and that, in such health emergency times, the most vulnerable persons are young adults, women, and those living in a socially, culturally, or economically disadvantaged environment.
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Conducting Clinical Trials in Twin Populations: A Review of Design, Analysis, Recruitment and Ethical Issues for Twin-Only Trials. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 24:359-364. [PMID: 35074024 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although twins often participate in medical research, few clinical trials are conducted entirely in twin populations. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the substantial benefits and address the key challenges of conducting clinical trials in twin populations, or 'twin-only trials'. We consider the unique design, analysis, recruitment and ethical issues that arise in such trials. In particular, we describe the different approaches available for randomizing twin pairs, highlight the similarity or correlation that exists between outcomes of twins, and discuss the impact of this correlation on sample size calculations and statistical analysis methods for estimating treatment effects. We also consider the role of both monozygotic and dizygotic twins for studying variation in outcomes, the factors that may affect recruitment of twins, and the ethics of conducting trials entirely in twin populations. The advantages and disadvantages of conducting twin-only trials are also discussed. Finally, we recommend that twin-only trials should be considered more often.
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8
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Li W, Nelson KE. Microbial Species that Initially Colonize the Human Gut at Birth or in Early Childhood Can Stay in Human Body for Lifetime. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:1074-1079. [PMID: 33410935 PMCID: PMC8551085 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have described the composition and function of the human microbiome at different body sites and suggested a role for the microbiome in various diseases and health conditions. Some studies, using longitudinal samples, have also suggested how the microbiome changes over time due to disease, diet, development, travel, and other environmental factors. However, to date, no study has demonstrated whether the microorganisms established at birth or in early childhood, either transmitted from parents or obtained from the environment, can stay in the human body until adult or senior age. To directly answer this question is difficult, because microbiome samples at childhood and at later adulthood for the same individual will need to be compared and the field is not old enough to have allowed for that type of sample collection. Here, using a metagenomic approach, we analyzed 1004 gut microbiome samples from senior adults (65 ± 7.8 years) from the TwinsUK cohort. Our data indicate that many species in the human gut acquired in early childhood can stay for a lifetime until senior ages. We identified the rare genomic variants (single nucleotide variation and indels) for 27 prevalent species with enough sequencing coverage for confident genomic variant identification. We found that for some species, twin pairs, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, share significantly more rare variants than unrelated subject pairs. But no significant difference is found between MZ and DZ twin pairs. These observations strongly suggest that these species acquired in early childhood remained in these persons until senior adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Li
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 28050, USA
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9
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Jennings A, Steves CJ, Macgregor A, Spector T, Cassidy A. Increased habitual flavonoid intake predicts attenuation of cognitive ageing in twins. BMC Med 2021; 19:185. [PMID: 34420522 PMCID: PMC8381583 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pathophysiology of cognitive decline is multifactorial, and modifiable by lifestyle, the evidence for the role of diet on cognitive function is still accumulating, particularly the potentially preventive role of constituents of plant-based foods. METHODS We aimed to determine whether higher habitual intake of dietary flavonoids, key components of plant-based diets, were associated with improved cognition and medial temporal lobe volumes using three complementary approaches (longitudinal, cross-sectional and co-twin analyses). In 1126 female twins (n=224 with a 10-year follow-up of diet and cognition data) aged 18-89 years, habitual intakes of total flavonoids and seven subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, polymeric flavonoids (and proanthocyanidins separately)) were calculated using validated food frequency questionnaires. Cognition was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery test. Hippocampal volumes were measured in a subset using magnetic resonance imaging (16 monozygotic-twin pairs). Statistical models were adjusted for a range of diet and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Higher intakes of flavanones (tertile (T)3-T1=0.45, 95%CI 0.13,0.77; p=0.01) and anthocyanins (T3-T1=0.45, 95%CI 0.08,0.81; p=0.02) were associated with improvements in age-related cognition score over 10 years. In cross-sectional analysis higher intake of flavanones (T3-T1= 0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.21; p=0.02) and proanthocyanidins (T3-T1= 0.13, 95% CI 0.02, 0.24; p=0.02) were associated with improved paired-associates learning. Higher intake of anthocyanins was significantly associated with improved executive function (T3-T1= -0.52, 95% CI 0.19, 0.84; p=0.001) and with faster simple reaction times (T3-T1= -18.1, 95% CI -35.4, -0.7; p=0.04). In co-twin analysis, those with higher anthocyanin (2.0%, p=0.01) and proanthocyanidin (2.0%, p=0.02) intakes at baseline had the largest left hippocampal volumes after 12 years. CONCLUSION Small increases in habitual intake of flavonoid-rich foods (containing anthocyanins, flavanones and proanthocyanidins; equivalent to approximately two servings of oranges and blueberries per day) over long time periods have the potential to attenuate cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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10
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Freidin MB, Stalteri MA, Wells PM, Lachance G, Baleanu AF, Bowyer RCE, Kurilshikov A, Zhernakova A, Steves CJ, Williams FMK. An association between chronic widespread pain and the gut microbiome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3727-3737. [PMID: 33331911 PMCID: PMC8328510 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) is a characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia, which has been shown to be associated with an altered gut microbiome. Microbiome studies to date have not examined the milder CWP phenotype specifically nor have they explored the role of raised BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the microbiome is abnormal in CWP. METHODS CWP was assessed using a standardized screening questionnaire in female volunteers from the TwinsUK cohort including 113 CWP cases and 1623 controls. The stool microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and amplicon sequence variants, and associations with CWP examined using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for BMI, age, diet, family relatedness and technical factors. RESULTS Alpha diversity was significantly lower in CWP cases than controls (Mann-Whitney test, P-values 2.3e-04 and 1.2e-02, for Shannon and Simpson indices respectively). The species Coprococcus comes was significantly depleted in CWP cases (Padj = 3.04e-03). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed for C. comes in TwinsUK followed by meta-analysis with three Dutch cohorts (total n = 3521) resulted in nine suggestive regions, with the most convincing on chromosome 4 near the TRAM1L1 gene (rs76957229, P = 7.4e-8). A Mendelian randomization study based on the results of the GWAS did not support a causal role for C. comes on the development of CWP. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated reduced diversity in the microbiome in CWP, indicating an involvement of the gut microbiota in CWP; prospectively the microbiome may offer therapeutic opportunities for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Stalteri
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrei-Florin Baleanu
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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11
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Beck JJ, Pool R, van de Weijer M, Chen X, Krapohl E, Gordon SD, Nygaard M, Debrabant B, Palviainen T, van der Zee MD, Baselmans B, Finnicum CT, Yi L, Lundström S, van Beijsterveldt T, Christiansen L, Heikkilä K, Kittelsrud J, Loukola A, Ollikainen M, Christensen K, Martin NG, Plomin R, Nivard M, Bartels M, Dolan C, Willemsen G, de Geus E, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Mbarek H, Ehli EA, Boomsma DI, Hottenga JJ. Genetic Meta-Analysis of Twin Birth Weight Shows High Genetic Correlation with Singleton Birth Weight. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1894-1905. [PMID: 33955455 PMCID: PMC8444448 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth weight (BW) is an important predictor of newborn survival and health and has associations with many adult health outcomes, including cardio-metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and mental health. On average, twins have a lower BW than singletons as a result of a different pattern of fetal growth and shorter gestational duration. Therefore, investigations into the genetics of BW often exclude data from twins, leading to a reduction in sample size and remaining ambiguities concerning the genetic contribution to BW in twins. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis of BW in 42 212 twin individuals and found a positive correlation of beta values (Pearson's r = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.77) with 150 previously reported genome-wide significant variants for singleton BW. We identified strong positive genetic correlations between BW in twins and numerous anthropometric traits, most notably with BW in singletons (genetic correlation [rg] = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.66-1.18). Genetic correlations of BW in twins with a series of health-related traits closely resembled those previously observed for BW in singletons. Polygenic scores constructed from a genome-wide association study on BW in UK Biobank demonstrated strong predictive power in a target sample of Dutch twins and singletons. Together, our results indicate that a similar genetic architecture underlies BW in twins and singletons and that future genome-wide studies might benefit from including data from large twin registers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Beck
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatististics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Krapohl
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthijs D van der Zee
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Casey T Finnicum
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatististics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toos van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julie Kittelsrud
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Anu Loukola
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Plomin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conor Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatististics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatististics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America.,Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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van Straalen KR, Prens EP, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, van der Zee HH. Contribution of Genetics to the Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa in a Large, Cross-sectional Dutch Twin Cohort. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:1359-1362. [PMID: 33052394 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease in which genetic factors are considered to play a role, with up to 38% of patients reporting a family history. Variations in the γ-secretase genes are found mainly in familial cases with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. These variations are rare in the general population with hidradenitis suppurativa, even in patients who report a family history of the disease. Objective To assess the heritability of hidradenitis suppurativa in a nationwide Dutch twin cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study on self-reported hidradenitis suppurativa conducted from 2011 to 2016, data were collected from twins participating in the surveys of the nationwide Netherlands Twin Register. All complete twin pairs answering the question on hidradenitis suppurativa in the survey were included: 978 female monozygotic twin pairs and 344 male monozygotic twin pairs and 426 female dizygotic twin pairs, 167 male dizygotic twin pairs, and 428 dizygotic twin pairs of the opposite sex. Statistical analysis was performed from July to November 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome is the proportion of susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa due to additive genetic factors (narrow-sense heritability), dominant genetic factors, common or shared environmental factors, or unshared or unique environmental factors. The main outcome was evaluated prior to data collection. Results The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa among twin pairs was 1.2% (58 of 4686); the mean (SD) age was 32.7 (15.4) years. The narrow-sense heritability of hidradenitis suppurativa was 77% (95% CI, 54%-90%), with the remainder of the variance due to unshared or unique environmental factors based on an age-adjusted model combining additive genetic factors and unshared or unique environmental factors. Conclusions and Relevance The high heritability found in this study suggests a stronger than previously assumed genetic basis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Environmental factors were also shown to contribute to the susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa, supporting a multifactorial cause of the disease. Moreover, the results of this study strongly support the need for a global genome-wide association study in the general population of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,European Reference Network (ERN) Skin, Paris, France
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,European Reference Network (ERN) Skin, Paris, France
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H H van der Zee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,European Reference Network (ERN) Skin, Paris, France
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13
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Piaggeschi G, Rolla S, Rossi N, Brusa D, Naccarati A, Couvreur S, Spector TD, Roederer M, Mangino M, Cordero F, Falchi M, Visconti A. Immune Trait Shifts in Association With Tobacco Smoking: A Study in Healthy Women. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637974. [PMID: 33767708 PMCID: PMC7985448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is known to impact circulating levels of major immune cells populations, but its effect on specific immune cell subsets remains poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution data from 223 healthy women (25 current and 198 never smokers), we investigated the association between smoking status and 35,651 immune traits capturing immune cell subset frequencies. Our results confirmed that active tobacco smoking is associated with increased frequencies of circulating CD8+ T cells expressing the CD25 activation marker. Moreover, we identified novel associations between smoking status and relative abundances of CD8+ CD25+ memory T cells, CD8+ memory T cells expressing the CCR4 chemokine receptor, and CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) CD25+ T cells. We also observed, in current smokers, a decrease in the relative frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing the CD38 activation marker and an increase in class-switched memory B cell isotypes IgA, IgG, and IgE. Finally, using data from 135 former female smokers, we showed that the relative frequencies of immune traits associated with active smoking are usually completely restored after smoking cessation, with the exception of subsets of CD8+ and CD8+ memory T cells, which persist partially altered. Our results are consistent with previous findings and provide further evidence on how tobacco smoking shapes leukocyte cell subsets proportion toward chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Piaggeschi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Brusa
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Turin, Italy
| | - Simon Couvreur
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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von Stumm S, Smith-Woolley E, Cheesman R, Pingault JB, Asbury K, Dale PS, Allen R, Kovas Y, Plomin R. School quality ratings are weak predictors of students' achievement and well-being. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:339-348. [PMID: 32488912 PMCID: PMC8298902 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In England, all state-funded schools are inspected by an independent government agency, the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). Inspections aim to hold schools accountable and to promote the improvement of education, with the results made available to the public. Ofsted reports intend to index school quality, but their influence on students' individual outcomes has not been previously studied. The aim of the current study was to explore the extent to which school quality, as indexed by Ofsted ratings, is associated with students' educational achievement, well-being and school engagement. METHODS We use an England population-based sample of 4,391 individuals, for whom school performance at age 11 and GCSE grades at age 16 were accessed from the National Pupil Database, and who completed measures of well-being and school engagement at age 16. RESULTS We found that Ofsted ratings of secondary school quality accounted for 4% of the variance in students' educational achievement at age 16, which was further reduced to 1% of the variance after we accounted for prior school performance at age 11 and family socioeconomic status. Furthermore, Ofsted ratings were weak predictors of school engagement and student well-being, with an average correlation of .03. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differences in school quality, as indexed by Ofsted ratings, have little relation to students' individual outcomes. Accordingly, our results challenge the usefulness of Ofsted ratings as guides for parents and students when choosing secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie von Stumm
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Rosa Cheesman
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Asbury
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York, UK
| | - Philip S. Dale
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rebecca Allen
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yulia Kovas
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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15
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Ribero S, Zugna D, Spector T, Bataille V. Natural history of naevi: a two‐wave study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:289-295. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ribero
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK
- Dermatology Clinic University of TurinTurin Italy
| | - D. Zugna
- Section of Statistics Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - T. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK
| | - V. Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK
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16
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The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2021; 23:322-329. [PMID: 33509319 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.
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17
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Johansson A, Rötkönen N, Jern P. Is the association between childhood maltreatment and aggressive behavior mediated by hostile attribution bias in women? A discordant twin and sibling study. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:28-37. [PMID: 32853475 PMCID: PMC7754152 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind aggressive behavior (AGG) is vital so that effective prevention and intervention strategies can be developed. Maltreated children are hypothesized to be prone to social information processing biases, such as hostile attribution bias (HAB), which, in turn, may increase the likelihood of behaving aggressively. The first aim of the present study was to replicate findings regarding associations between childhood maltreatment (CM), HAB, and aggression in a population-based sample of Finnish female twins and their sisters (N = 2,167). However, these associations might not be causal but instead confounded by familial factors, shared between the variables. The second aim was, thus, to test the associations when potential confounding by familial (genetic or common environmental) effects were controlled for using a multilevel discordant twin and sibling design within (a) 379 pairs of twins (npairs = 239) or siblings (npairs = 140), and (b) within the 131 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. Consistent with previous studies, HAB mediated the association between CM and AGG when familial confounding was uncontrolled. No support was found for the mediation when controlling for familial confounding. Between-pair associations were found between CM and AGG, and between CM and HAB. In addition, within-pair associations were found between HAB and AGG, and between CM and AGG, however, these were nonsignificant in the discordant MZ analysis, offering the most stringent control of familial confounding. The results indicate the necessity of taking familial confounding into account when investigating the development of AGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Nicola Rötkönen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
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18
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Harvey PR, Theron B, Smith SCL, Rastall P, Steves CJ, Harris J, Spector TD, Trudgill NJ. The association between low birth weight, childhood recollections of parental response to illness, and irritable bowel syndrome: a twin study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13939. [PMID: 32715594 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have suggested that low birth weight and family environment during childhood are associated with developing IBS. METHODS A survey was sent to all individuals in a UK twin registry. Questions included IBS diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria and if a doctor had previously diagnosed them with IBS. Subjects were categorized as having IBS by Rome IV criteria, a medical diagnosis of IBS or no IBS. Further questions included subjects' recollections of their parents' responses to illness in both the respondent as a child and in the parents themselves. Information regarding birth weight and gestational age have been collected previously. KEY RESULTS 4258 subjects responded to the questionnaire (51.7%), mean age of 52 (SD 14) years, of whom 98.5% were white and 89.6% female. The mean birth weight was 2.4 (0.6) kg. 5.1% satisfied the Rome IV IBS criteria, the same prevalence as the UK population. However, 14.1% had a previous medical diagnosis of IBS. There was no association found between birth weight and IBS or a medical diagnosis of IBS. On multivariable regression analysis, including parental responses to illness, subjects recalling a parent responding to the parent's bowel symptoms by excusing themselves from household chores were associated with a Rome IV diagnosis of IBS (OR 2.19 (95% CI 1.17-4.10), P = .013). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES There was no association between birth weight and IBS. However, observing their parents excuse themselves from household chores when they had bowel symptoms was associated with IBS in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Harvey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Byron Theron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Samuel C L Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Paul Rastall
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Julliette Harris
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel J Trudgill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
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19
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Cecelja M, Keehn L, Ye L, Spector TD, Hughes AD, Chowienczyk P. Genetic aetiology of blood pressure relates to aortic stiffness with bi-directional causality: evidence from heritability, blood pressure polymorphisms, and Mendelian randomization. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:3314-3322. [PMID: 32357239 PMCID: PMC7544538 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haemodynamic determinants of blood pressure (BP) include cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and arterial stiffness. We investigated the heritability of these phenotypes, their association with BP-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the causal association between BP and arterial stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed BP, central BP components, and haemodynamic properties (during a single visit) including CO, SVR, and pulse wave velocity (PWV, measure of arterial stiffness) in 3531 (1934 monozygotic, 1586 dizygotic) female TwinsUK participants. Heritability was estimated using structural equation modelling. Association with 984 BP-associated SNP was examined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and generalized estimating equation regression. One and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to estimate the causal direction between BP and arterial stiffness including data on 436 419 UK Biobank participants. We found high heritability for systolic and pulsatile components of BP (>50%) and PWV (65%) with overlapping genes accounting for >50% of their observed correlation. Environmental factors explained most of the variability of CO and SVR (>80%). Regression identified SNPs (n = 5) known to be associated with BP to also be associated with PWV. One-sample MR showed evidence of bi-directional causal association between BP and PWV in TwinsUK participants. Two-sample MR, confirmed a bi-directional causal effect of PWV on BP (inverse variance weighted (IVW) beta = 0.11, P < 0.02) and BP on arterial stiffness (IVW beta = 0.004, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The genetic basis of BP is mediated not only by genes regulating BP but also by genes that influence arterial stiffness. Mendelian randomization indicates a bi-directional causal association between BP and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cecelja
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Louise Keehn
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Li Ye
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, 69 Chenies Mews, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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20
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Mönkediek B, Schulz W, Eichhorn H, Diewald M. Is there something special about twin families? A comparison of parenting styles in twin and non-twin families. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2020; 90:102441. [PMID: 32825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Twin comparisons offer a powerful quasi-experimental design to study the impact of the family of origin on children's life chances. Yet, there are concerns about the generalizability of results obtained from twin studies because twin families are structurally different and twins have a genetic resemblance. We examine these concerns by comparing mothers' reports on their parenting styles for twin and non-twin children between twin and non-twin families, as well as within twin families. We use two German studies for our comparisons: TwinLife and pairfam. Our results demonstrate that twins receive more differential treatment and more emotional warmth than non-twins; however, these differences are largely accounted for by age differences between children. Overall, our results indicate that results on parenting obtained from twin studies can be generalized to non-twin families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mönkediek
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Schulz
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Eichhorn
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Diewald
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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21
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Campbell PJ, Brown SJ, Kendrew P, Lewer M, Lim EM, Joseph J, Cross SM, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Wilson SG, Walsh JP. Changes in Thyroid Function Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5700334. [PMID: 31922575 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no large, longitudinal studies of thyroid function across adolescence. The aims of this study were to examine longitudinal trends in thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) and determine age-specific reference ranges. METHODS Thyroid function was assessed in 3415 participants in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study at ages 12, 14, and 16, using the Abbott ARCHITECT immunoassay. Longitudinal analyses were adjusted for body mass index and puberty. RESULTS In girls, mean fT4 (± SE) increased between age 12 and 14 (by 0.30 ± 0.08 pmol/L; P < 0.001), while remaining unchanged in boys; from age 14 to 16, fT4 increased in both girls (by 0.42 ± 0.07 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and boys (0.64 ± 0.07 pmol/L, P < 0.001). There was a slight increase in fT3 from age 12 to 14 years in girls (by 0.07 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P = 0.042), with a more marked increase in boys (0.29 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P < 0.001), followed by a decrease from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (girls, by 0.53 ± 0.02 pmol/L; P < 0.001; boys, by 0.62 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P < 0.001). From age 12 to 14, TSH showed no significant change in girls or boys, then levels increased from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (in girls, by 4.9%, 95% CI: 2.4%-10.3%, P = 0.020; in boys, by 7.2%, 95% CI: 3.0%-11.6%, P = 0.001). Reference ranges differed substantially from adults, particularly for fT4 and fT3. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid function tests in adolescents display complex, sexually dimorphic patterns. Implementation of adolescence-specific reference ranges may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purdey J Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Joseph
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Simone M Cross
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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22
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Bailey JF, Sparrey CJ, Williams FMK, Curran PF, Lotz JC, Kramer PA. The Effect of Parity on Age-Related Degenerative Changes in Sagittal Balance. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:E210-E216. [PMID: 31513113 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of parity (number of births) on measures of sagittal posture in elderly women. The long-term objective of this study is to identify and mitigate factors contributing to age-related postural deformity in older adults. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Adult spinal deformity is a prevalent condition that often requires costly surgical management. Females are disproportionately represented in spinal deformity surgical cases with up to 90% of patients being women. The potential contributions of pregnancy on postural degeneration have only begun to be acknowledged and require further study. METHODS Two hundred eight women with standing lateral radiographs were selected from the TwinsUK register. Parity information was extracted from questionnaires. Sagittal balance measurements (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis [LL], pelvic incidence [PI]) were collected and PI-LL mismatch was calculated. One-way analysis of variance tests were done between three separate age categories for measures of sagittal balance and parity and stepwise multivariate regression was done for PI-LL. RESULTS Both age and PI-LL mismatch significantly differed between parity categories. PI-LL was on average 7.0° ± 2.5° greater in multiparous (3+ births) subjects than in nulliparous subjects (P < 0.01). Parity did not have an independent relationship with lumbar disc degeneration, lumbar bone mineral density, or any of the individual sagittal balance parameters (P > 0.05 for all), except for PI-LL. From a subanalysis of the effect of parity on sagittal alignment within twin pairs, we found that within pair differences in parity associate with within pair differences in thoracic kyphosis. CONCLUSION This study established correlations between measures of spinal curvature in older women and parity for the first time. Longitudinal research is required to establish a causative relationship. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie F Bailey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carolyn J Sparrey
- School of Mechatronics Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick F Curran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey C Lotz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patricia A Kramer
- Departments of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine and Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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23
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Burri A, Hilpert P, Williams F. Pain Catastrophizing, Fear of Pain, and Depression and Their Association with Female Sexual Pain. J Sex Med 2019; 17:279-288. [PMID: 31812688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Painful sexual intercourse or dyspareunia is a common complaint among women, affecting 12-21% of premenopausal women. Recent studies have begun to focus on the role of fear avoidance and pain catastrophizing (PC) in genital pain and have consistently highlighted the importance of psych-affective factors in sexual pain. AIM To establish the importance of PC, fear of pain, and depression for the development and maintenance of female sexual pain. METHODS This longitudinal study was conducted in the United Kingdom to assess sexual pain at 2 different time points, in 2009 and 2013, in a convenience sample of N = 979 British women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Well-validated questionnaires including the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale, and the Female Sexual Function Index (recent and lifelong version) were applied. RESULTS Multilevel modeling showed a strong increase of short-lived sexual pain over the 4 years (π01 = -0.33; P < .001). According to the moderation analyses, only depression influenced the change in short-lived pain over the 4 years (π11 = 0.46; P = .016). Similarly, only depression turned out to be independently associated with sexual pain when entered into the multiple regression model, as women reporting higher depression levels also reported more sexual pain (P < 0.05). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should be aware that the mechanisms influencing short-lived sexual pain and changes in sexual pain seem to be different from the more enduring psychological factors that lead to the development and maintenance of "chronic" sexual pain. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS A very generic and unidimensional definition of sexual pain was used without information on pain frequency or intensity, and no information on the possible underlying (medical or psychological or both) causes was available. However, as far as we know this represents the first study to use repeated measures to assess how pain changes over a 4-year period and to explore the role of potential psychoaffective risk factors. CONCLUSION Among the variables studied, symptoms of depression seemed to be the only independent predictor of lifelong sexual pain, overriding potential influences of pain catastrophizing or fear of pain. Burri A, Hilpert P, Williams F. Pain Catastrophizing, Fear of Pain, and Depression and Their Association with Female Sexual Pain. J Sex Med 2020;17:279-288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Burri
- Institute for Sex Counselling and Sexual Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Hilpert
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Li W, Christiansen L, Hjelmborg J, Baumbach J, Tan Q. On the power of epigenome-wide association studies using a disease-discordant twin design. Bioinformatics 2019; 34:4073-4078. [PMID: 29982314 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Many studies have investigated the association between DNA methylation alterations and disease occurrences using two design paradigms, traditional case-control and disease-discordant twins. In the disease-discordant twin design, the affected twin serves as the case and the unaffected twin serves as the control. Theoretically the twin design takes advantage of controlling for the shared genetic make-up, but it is still highly debatable if and how much researchers may benefit from such a design over the traditional case-control design. Results In this study, we investigate and compare the power of both designs with simulations. A liability threshold model was used assuming that identical twins share the same genetic contribution with respect to the liability of complex human diseases. Varying ranges of parameters have been used to ensure that the simulation is close to real-world scenarios. Our results reveal that the disease-discordant twin design implies greater statistical power over the traditional case-control design. For diseases with moderate and high heritability (>0.3), the disease-discordant twin design allows for large sample size reductions compared to the ordinary case-control design. Our simulation results indicate that the discordant twin design is indeed a powerful tool for epigenetic association studies. Availability and implementation Computer scripts are available at https://github.com/zickyls/EWAS-Twin-Simulation. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Visconti A, Le Roy CI, Rosa F, Rossi N, Martin TC, Mohney RP, Li W, de Rinaldis E, Bell JT, Venter JC, Nelson KE, Spector TD, Falchi M. Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4505. [PMID: 31582752 PMCID: PMC6776654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a complex and metabolically active microbial ecosystem. While many studies focused on the effect of individual microbial taxa on human health, their overall metabolic potential has been under-explored. Using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data in 1,004 twins, we first observed that unrelated subjects share, on average, almost double the number of metabolic pathways (82%) than species (43%). Then, using 673 blood and 713 faecal metabolites, we found metabolic pathways to be associated with 34% of blood and 95% of faecal metabolites, with over 18,000 significant associations, while species showed less than 3,000 associations. Finally, we estimated that the microbiome was involved in a dialogue between 71% of faecal, and 15% of blood, metabolites. This study underlines the importance of studying the microbial metabolic potential rather than focusing purely on taxonomy to find therapeutic and diagnostic targets, and provides a unique resource describing the interplay between the microbiome and the systemic and faecal metabolic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline I Le Roy
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Rosa
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiphaine C Martin
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Weizhong Li
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Immunology & Inflammation, Cluster of Precision Immunology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Craig Venter
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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26
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Abstract
AbstractTwinsUK is the largest cohort of community-dwelling adult twins in the UK. The registry comprises over 14,000 volunteer twins (14,838 including mixed, single and triplets); it is predominantly female (82%) and middle-aged (mean age 59). In addition, over 1800 parents and siblings of twins are registered volunteers. During the last 27 years, TwinsUK has collected numerous questionnaire responses, physical/cognitive measures and biological measures on over 8500 subjects. Data were collected alongside four comprehensive phenotyping clinical visits to the Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London. Such collection methods have resulted in very detailed longitudinal clinical, biochemical, behavioral, dietary and socioeconomic cohort characterization; it provides a multidisciplinary platform for the study of complex disease during the adult life course, including the process of healthy aging. The major strength of TwinsUK is the availability of several ‘omic’ technologies for a range of sample types from participants, which includes genomewide scans of single-nucleotide variants, next-generation sequencing, metabolomic profiles, microbiomics, exome sequencing, epigenetic markers, gene expression arrays, RNA sequencing and telomere length measures. TwinsUK facilitates and actively encourages sharing the ‘TwinsUK’ resource with the scientific community — interested researchers may request data via the TwinsUK website (http://twinsuk.ac.uk/resources-for-researchers/access-our-data/) for their own use or future collaboration with the study team. In addition, further cohort data collection is planned via the Wellcome Open Research gateway (https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/gateways). The current article presents an up-to-date report on the application of technological advances, new study procedures in the cohort and future direction of TwinsUK.
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27
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Visconti A, Ribero S, Sanna M, Spector TD, Bataille V, Falchi M. Body site-specific genetic effects influence naevus count distribution in women. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:326-333. [PMID: 31403758 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Body site is highly relevant for melanoma: it affects prognosis and varies according to the patient's sex. The distribution of naevi, a major risk factor for melanoma, at different body sites also varies according to sex in childhood. Using naevus counts at different body sites in 492 unrelated adults from both sexes, we observed that women have an increased number of naevi on the lower limbs compared to men (p = 8.5 × 10-5 ), showing that a high naevus count on this site persists from childhood throughout life. Then, using data from 3,232 twins, we observed, in women, the lowest naevus count heritability on the trunk (26%), and the highest on the lower limbs (69%). Finally, we showed that, in 2,864 women, six genomic loci previously associated with both naevus count and melanoma risk (IRF4, DOCK8, MTAP, 9q31.2, KITLG and PLA2G6) have an effect on naevus count that is body site-specific, but whose effect sizes are predominantly stronger on the lower limbs. Sex-specific genetic influence on naevus count at different sites may explain differences in site-specific melanoma incidence as well as prognosis between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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28
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Zaghlool SB, Mook-Kanamori DO, Kader S, Stephan N, Halama A, Engelke R, Sarwath H, Al-Dous EK, Mohamoud YA, Roemisch-Margl W, Adamski J, Kastenmüller G, Friedrich N, Visconti A, Tsai PC, Spector T, Bell JT, Falchi M, Wahl A, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Gieger C, Pezer M, Lauc G, Graumann J, Malek JA, Suhre K. Deep molecular phenotypes link complex disorders and physiological insult to CpG methylation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1106-1121. [PMID: 29325019 PMCID: PMC5886112 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of cellular function provides a mechanism for rapid organismal adaptation to changes in health, lifestyle and environment. Associations of cytosine-guanine di-nucleotide (CpG) methylation with clinical endpoints that overlap with metabolic phenotypes suggest a regulatory role for these CpG sites in the body's response to disease or environmental stress. We previously identified 20 CpG sites in an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) with metabolomics that were also associated in recent EWASs with diabetes-, obesity-, and smoking-related endpoints. To elucidate the molecular pathways that connect these potentially regulatory CpG sites to the associated disease or lifestyle factors, we conducted a multi-omics association study including 2474 mass-spectrometry-based metabolites in plasma, urine and saliva, 225 NMR-based lipid and metabolite measures in blood, 1124 blood-circulating proteins using aptamer technology, 113 plasma protein N-glycans and 60 IgG-glyans, using 359 samples from the multi-ethnic Qatar Metabolomics Study on Diabetes (QMDiab). We report 138 multi-omics associations at these CpG sites, including diabetes biomarkers at the diabetes-associated TXNIP locus, and smoking-specific metabolites and proteins at multiple smoking-associated loci, including AHRR. Mendelian randomization suggests a causal effect of metabolite levels on methylation of obesity-associated CpG sites, i.e. of glycerophospholipid PC(O-36: 5), glycine and a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-A) on the methylation of the obesity-associated CpG loci DHCR24, MYO5C and CPT1A, respectively. Taken together, our study suggests that multi-omics-associated CpG methylation can provide functional read-outs for the underlying regulatory response mechanisms to disease or environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza B Zaghlool
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.,Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Kader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nisha Stephan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rudolf Engelke
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hina Sarwath
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman K Al-Dous
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin A Mohamoud
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Werner Roemisch-Margl
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Annika Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marija Pezer
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.,Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Joel A Malek
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Palmberg L, Viljanen A, Rantanen T, Kaprio J, Rantakokko M. The Relationship Between Sleep Characteristics and Unmet Physical Activity Need in Older Women. J Aging Health 2018; 32:199-207. [PMID: 30466337 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318814021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined among older women the association of sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and sleep duration with unmet physical activity need, that is, wishing to be more physically active but perceiving no opportunity for it. Method: Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses among women aged 74 to 86 years (Finnish Twin Study on Aging, third wave, n = 302). Results: Thirty-one participants reported unmet physical activity need. Short sleepers had fivefold and long sleepers threefold odds for unmet physical activity need compared with normative sleepers, while for daytime tiredness the odds were double. Presence of daytime tiredness and unmet physical activity coincided with higher prevalence of chronic diseases, depressive symptoms and walking difficulties, which partly explains the observed associations. Poor sleep quality was not associated with unmet physical activity need. Discussion: Older women with nonoptimal sleep characteristics who perceive unmet physical activity need may benefit from solutions that improve their perceived opportunities for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Palmberg
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Viljanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Rantakokko
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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30
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Associations Between Conduct Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Problems and Psychopathic Personality Traits in a Swedish Twin Youth Population. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018; 40:586-592. [PMID: 30459483 PMCID: PMC6223811 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has found a complex relationship between psychopathic traits, neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs), and conduct disorder (CD) in children. This study explores associations between psychopathic traits, assessed with the Child Problematic Traits Inventory-Short Version (CPTI-SV), and CD in children with and without coexisting NDPs (i.e., attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) in a community-based sample of Swedish twins (n = 8762). Findings indicate weak to moderately strong correlations between psychopathic traits and CD, ADHD, and ASD, respectively. Furthermore, in univariable analyses, both psychopathic traits and NDPs displayed significant positive associations with being screened positive for CD, though only the grandiose-deceitful dimension of CPTI-SV and the ADHD domain concentration and attention deficits remained significantly associated with CD in a multivariable regression model. The results are relevant to screening and assessment in child and youth psychiatry, as a grandiose and deceitful interpersonal style may also be a valid sign of children at risk of developing CD.
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31
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Strong association between vertebral endplate defect and Modic change in the general population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16630. [PMID: 30413780 PMCID: PMC6226465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modic change (MC) is considered an independent risk factor for low back pain (LBP) but its aetiology remains unclear. In this cross-sectional, large-scale population-based study we sought to characterise associations between endplate defect (ED) and MC in a population sample of broad age range. The study population consisted of 831 twin volunteers (including 4155 discs and 8310 endplates) from TwinsUK. Lumbar T2-weighted MR images were coded for ED and MC. Total endplate (TEP) score was calculated at each intervertebral disc while receiver operating curves (ROC) were calculated to define critical endplate values predictive of MC. MC was detected in 32.1% of the subjects, with a significantly higher prevalence at lower lumbar levels (3.5% at L1/2-L3/4 vs. 15.9% at L4/5-L5/S1, p < 0.001). TEP score was strongly and independently associated with MC at each lumbar level (risk estimates from 1.49 to 2.44; all p ≤ 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and twin pairing. ROC analysis showed a TEP score cut-off of 6 above which there was a significantly higher prevalence of MC. In conclusion, ED were strongly associated with MC at every lumbar level. These findings support the hypothesis that endplate defect is a major initiating factor for the cascade of events that may include disc degeneration (DD) and MC.
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32
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Endplate Defect Is Heritable, Associated With Low Back Pain and Triggers Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Longitudinal Study From TwinsUK. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:1496-1501. [PMID: 29847371 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study of spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large-scale population-based study. OBJECTIVE To determine the order of appearance of degenerative change in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. We also sought to define the influence of endplate defect on low back pain (LBP) and to determine whether there is a genetic influence on endplate defect. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Endplate defect is a magnetic resonance imaging trait, found to be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. There is a lack of understanding regarding the mechanism underlying lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Recent attention has shifted to vertebral endplate defects and their role in spine degeneration pathology. METHODS Individuals from the TwinsUK spine study having longitudinal T2-weighted lumbar MR scans at baseline (n = 996) and a decade later (n = 438) were included. LDD, vertebral endplate defect by calculating a total endplate score, and Modic change (MC) were assessed using standard techniques. Mixed-effects models were used to determine the association between the features of spine pathology, adjusted for covariates. Endplate defect heritability was estimated using variance component analysis. RESULTS Significant association was found between endplate defect, LDD, MRI features of LDD and MC was observed. Endplate defect was associated with severe disabling LBP (P ≤ 0.013) in multivariate analysis. An association between disc degeneration (DD) at baseline and MC at follow-up was shown at upper lumbar levels. Total endplate score was heritable with estimated additive genetic component A = 55.3% (95% CI 43.0-65.4). CONCLUSION Endplate defect, LDD, and MC are all independent risk factors for episodes of severe and disabling LBP. Longitudinal analysis showed DD is followed by MC. Endplate defect has significant heritability of 55%. However, whether endplate defect triggers DD or these pathological changes occur concurrently could not be conclusively determined. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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33
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Masi S, Georgiopoulos G, Ribero S, Taddei S, Bataille V, Steves CJ. The relationship between naevus count, memory function and telomere length in the Twins UK cohort. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:720-724. [PMID: 29952119 PMCID: PMC6221134 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a skin-brain connection whereby alterations in the skin can inform on mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly recognized. In this study, we used a discovery (n = 321) and replication (n = 147) sample from the Twins UK population to test the association between naevus count and memory function, and its mediation by telomeres. Memory function was assessed in 1999 and 2009 using the paired associates learning test (PAL), while naevus count and leucocyte telomere length (LTL, assessed by the terminal restriction fragment assay) were measured once. Higher baseline naevus count was significantly associated with fewer errors at the baseline and follow-up PAL, as well as with change in PAL score over 10 years. This association was significantly attenuated after adjustment for LTL. The significant association between naevus count and PAL score was reproduced in the replication sample. These findings suggest that melanocytes might be used as model system to study the biological ageing pathways involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | | | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and StThomas's NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Medical SciencesDermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and StThomas's NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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34
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Sharp BM, Chen H. Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2164-2179. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burt M. Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center 19 S. Manassas, CRB #220 Memphis TN 38103 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
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35
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Bastiaenen R, Nolte IM, Munroe PB, Riese H, Nelson C, O'Connor H, Gang Y, Warren HR, Cabrera C, Reinhard W, Hengstenberg C, Rijsdijk FV, Spector T, Snieder H, Samani NJ, Jamshidi Y, Behr ER. The narrow-sense and common single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of early repolarization. Int J Cardiol 2018; 279:135-140. [PMID: 30297186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early repolarization (ER) is a risk marker for sudden cardiac death. Higher risk is associated with horizontal/descending ST-segment ER in the inferior or inferolateral ECG leads. Studies in family cohorts have demonstrated substantial heritability for the ER pattern, but genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to identify statistically significant and replicable genetic signals. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the narrow-sense and common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability of ER and ER subtypes using ECG data from 5829 individuals (TwinsUK, BRIGHT and GRAPHIC cohorts). ER prevalence was 8.3%. In 455 monozygous vs 808 dizygous twin pairs, concordances and twin correlations for ER subtypes (except horizontal/descending ST-segment ER) were higher and familial resemblance (except notched ER) was significant. Narrow-sense heritability estimates derived from 1263 female twin pairs using the structural equation program Mx ranged from 0.00-0.47 and common SNP heritability estimates derived from 4009 unrelated individuals of both sexes using Genome-wide Restricted Maximum Likelihood (GREML) ranged from 0.00-0.36, but none were statistically significant. CONCLUSION From our data, ER shows limited genetic predisposition. There appears to be significant environmental influence and these modest narrow-sense and common SNP heritability estimates may explain why previous GWAS have been unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bastiaenen
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Pathology of Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Henry O'Connor
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Yi Gang
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Claudia Cabrera
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Wibke Reinhard
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Frühling V Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK.
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36
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Luijk R, Wu H, Ward-Caviness CK, Hannon E, Carnero-Montoro E, Min JL, Mandaviya P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mei H, van der Maarel SM, Relton C, Mill J, Waldenberger M, Bell JT, Jansen R, Zhernakova A, Franke L, 't Hoen PAC, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Veldink JH, Wijmenga C, van Meurs J, Daxinger L, Slagboom PE, van Zwet EW, Heijmans BT. Autosomal genetic variation is associated with DNA methylation in regions variably escaping X-chromosome inactivation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3738. [PMID: 30218040 PMCID: PMC6138682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), i.e., the inactivation of one of the female X chromosomes, restores equal expression of X-chromosomal genes between females and males. However, ~10% of genes show variable degrees of escape from XCI between females, although little is known about the causes of variable XCI. Using a discovery data-set of 1867 females and 1398 males and a replication sample of 3351 females, we show that genetic variation at three autosomal loci is associated with female-specific changes in X-chromosome methylation. Through cis-eQTL expression analysis, we map these loci to the genes SMCHD1/METTL4, TRIM6/HBG2, and ZSCAN9. Low-expression alleles of the loci are predominantly associated with mild hypomethylation of CpG islands near genes known to variably escape XCI, implicating the autosomal genes in variable XCI. Together, these results suggest a genetic basis for variable escape from XCI and highlight the potential of a population genomics approach to identify genes involved in XCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Luijk
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Pfizer - University of Granada - Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Pooja Mandaviya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Silvere M van der Maarel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W van Zwet
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
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Hatzikotoulas K, Roposch A, Shah KM, Clark MJ, Bratherton S, Limbani V, Steinberg J, Zengini E, Warsame K, Ratnayake M, Tselepi M, Schwartzentruber J, Loughlin J, Eastwood DM, Zeggini E, Wilkinson JM. Genome-wide association study of developmental dysplasia of the hip identifies an association with GDF5. Commun Biol 2018; 1:56. [PMID: 30273415 PMCID: PMC6123669 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common skeletal developmental disease. However, its genetic architecture is poorly understood. We conduct the largest DDH genome-wide association study to date and replicate our findings in independent cohorts. We find the heritable component of DDH attributable to common genetic variants to be 55% and distributed equally across the autosomal and X-chromosomes. We identify replicating evidence for association between GDF5 promoter variation and DDH (rs143384, effect allele A, odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.34–1.56, P = 3.55 × 10−22). Gene-based analysis implicates GDF5 (P = 9.24 × 10−12), UQCC1 (P = 1.86 × 10−10), MMP24 (P = 3.18 × 10−9), RETSAT (P = 3.70 × 10−8) and PDRG1 (P = 1.06 × 10−7) in DDH susceptibility. We find shared genetic architecture between DDH and hip osteoarthritis, but no predictive power of osteoarthritis polygenic risk score on DDH status, underscoring the complex nature of the two traits. We report a scalable, time-efficient recruitment strategy and establish for the first time to our knowledge a robust DDH genetic association locus at GDF5. Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas et al. report the largest genome-wide association study to date for developmental dysplasia of the hip using national clinical audit data from the UK. They find a significant association with the GDF5 locus and evidence for shared genetic architecture with hip osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Morgan Building, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Andreas Roposch
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 3EH, UK
| | | | - Karan M Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Matthew J Clark
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Selina Bratherton
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Vasanti Limbani
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Morgan Building, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Eleni Zengini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Morgan Building, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Kaltuun Warsame
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 3EH, UK
| | - Madhushika Ratnayake
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon, Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Maria Tselepi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon, Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Morgan Building, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon, Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Deborah M Eastwood
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Visconti A, Duffy DL, Liu F, Zhu G, Wu W, Chen Y, Hysi PG, Zeng C, Sanna M, Iles MM, Kanetsky PA, Demenais F, Hamer MA, Uitterlinden AG, Ikram MA, Nijsten T, Martin NG, Kayser M, Spector TD, Han J, Bataille V, Falchi M. Genome-wide association study in 176,678 Europeans reveals genetic loci for tanning response to sun exposure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1684. [PMID: 29739929 PMCID: PMC5940788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin’s tendency to sunburn rather than tan is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Here we report a large genome-wide association study of ease of skin tanning in 176,678 subjects of European ancestry. We identify significant association with tanning ability at 20 loci. We confirm previously identified associations at six of these loci, and report 14 novel loci, of which ten have never been associated with pigmentation-related phenotypes. Our results also suggest that variants at the AHR/AGR3 locus, previously associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma the underlying mechanism of which is poorly understood, might act on disease risk through modulation of tanning ability. The skin’s tanning response to sun exposure shows great interindividual variability. Here, Visconti et al. perform a genome-wide association study for ease of skin tanning and identify 20 genetic loci, ten of which had not previously been associated with pigmentation-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David L Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Changqing Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark M Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Florence Demenais
- INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, 75010, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Merel A Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, HP2 4AD, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Calais-Ferreira L, Oliveira VC, Craig JM, Flander LB, Hopper JL, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Ferreira PH. Twin studies for the prognosis, prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Braz J Phys Ther 2018; 22:184-189. [PMID: 29361503 PMCID: PMC5993967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal conditions are highly prevalent in our ageing society and are therefore incurring substantial increases in population levels of years lived with disability (YLD). An evidence-based approach to the prognosis, prevention, and treatment of those disorders can allow an overall improvement in the quality of life of patients, while also softening the burden on national health care systems. METHODS In this Masterclass article, we provide an overview of the most relevant twin study designs, their advantages, limitations and major contributions to the investigation of traits related to the domain of musculoskeletal physical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Twin studies can be an important scientific tool to address issues related to musculoskeletal conditions. They allow researchers to understand how genes and environment combine to influence human health and disease. Twin registries and international collaboration through existing networks can provide resources for achieving large sample sizes and access to expertise in study design and analysis of twin data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Calais-Ferreira
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vinicius C Oliveira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louisa B Flander
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luci F Teixeira-Salmela
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Ferreira
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Burri A, Ogata S, Rice D, Williams FMK. Twelve-year follow-up of chronic pain in twins: Changes in environmental and genetic influence over time. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:1439-1447. [PMID: 29676837 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While genetic influences on chronic pain have been repeatedly demonstrated, we do not know whether these effects are stable or dynamic over time. AIMS To determine the temporal pattern of genetic and environmental effects to individual differences in chronic pain over 12 years, we use a sample of n = 961 female twins. METHODS Data on chronic pain were collected in 2004 (T1) and 2016 (T2) using the same comprehensive body map which divides the body into 31 distinct anatomical areas. Multivariate twin analyses for repeated measures were conducted to track changes in genetic and environmental influences. RESULTS Heritability for chronic pain was 63% at baseline and 55% at follow-up. The best-fitting AE Cholesky model revealed one genetic factor explaining 62% of variance in chronic pain at T1 and 11% at T2. No additional genetic factors explaining the variance in chronic pain at T2 could be detected. Furthermore, a unique environmental factor (E1) explaining 37% of the variance in chronic pain at T1 and 12% at T2 and an additional environmental factor (E2) explaining 77% of the variance at T2 were found. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that the same genetic influences are operative over time and that novel environmental factors are important in pain maintenance. The findings highlight the value of more in depth exploration of these non-shared environmental influences that could provide clues to the mechanisms behind remittance and/or maintenance of chronic pain. The identification of important environmental influences could point to novel therapeutic interventions in future. SIGNIFICANCE The variability in chronic pain is mainly explained by new environmental factors influencing incidence, aggravation and/or chronic pain remission. Integration of these findings may provide a useful conceptual framework for the treatment and prevention of pain and pain chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burri
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Waitemata Pain Service, Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Ogata
- Centre for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Rice
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Waitemata Pain Service, Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - F M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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41
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Burri A, Ogata S. Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual Functioning. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Pain catastrophizing, neuroticism, fear of pain, and anxiety: Defining the genetic and environmental factors in a sample of female twins. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194562. [PMID: 29566063 PMCID: PMC5864012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to establish the heritability of pain catastrophizing and its subdomains of helplessness, magnification, and rumination and to further explore the genetic and environmental sources that may contribute to pain catastrophizing as well as to its commonly reported psycho-affective correlates, including neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of pain. N = 2,401 female twin individuals from the TwinsUK registry were subject to univariate and multivariate twin analyses. Well validated questionnaires including the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale, the Ten Item Personality Index, and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used to assess the study variables. Moderate estimates of heritability for pain catastrophizing (36%) and the three subdomains of helplessness (35%), rumination (27%), and magnification (36%) were detected. The high correlations observed between the three subdomains were explained mainly by overlapping genetic factors, with a single factor loading on all three phenotypes. High genetic correlations between pain catastrophizing and its psycho-affective correlates of fear of pain and anxiety sensitivity were found, while the genetic overlap between neuroticism and pain catastrophizing was low. Each measure of negative affect demonstrated relatively distinct environmental contributing factors, with very little overlap. This is the first study to show shared genetic factors in the observed association between pain catastrophizing and other measures of negative affect. Our findings provide deeper insight into the aetiology of pain catastrophizing and confirm that it is at least partially distinct from other measures of negative affect and personality that may influence the development and treatment of chronic pain conditions. Further research in males is warranted to check the comparability of the findings.
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43
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Vertebral Endplate Defect as Initiating Factor in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Strong Association Between Endplate Defect and Disc Degeneration in the General Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:412-419. [PMID: 28749857 PMCID: PMC5756623 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of spine magnetic resonance in a population, predominantly female, sample. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between vertebral endplate defect and intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) in general population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Precise understanding of the mechanisms leading to DD development is lacking. In a degenerating disc, mechanical and structural changes lead to further worsening of disc integrity. Increasing attention has been paid to vertebral endplate defects as having a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of DD. METHODS The study population comprised 831 twin volunteers from TwinsUK (mean age 54 ± 8 yr, 95.8% female). Lumbar T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were coded for endplate defects from 8310 endplates into six grades. Total endplate score (TEP score) was achieved by summing both endplate defect grades from the same disc level. DD was evaluated using two different classifications; Pfirrmann grading, and a quantitative trait for DD based on a 4-point grading system. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine relationships between the traits of interest and the known risk factors for DD, age, and body mass index (BMI). A receiver operator curve for TEP score predicting DD was generated, and survival analysis paired with Cox proportional hazards models analysis performed. RESULTS There was statistically significant association between DD and age and BMI. These associations lost significance when TEP score was included as predictor in multivariable model. TEP score was strongly and independently associated at every lumbar disc level with DD (Pfirmann P≤0.001; 4-point grading systems P < 1e-16). A cut-off point score of 5 for TEP score was found above which there was a higher DD prevalence. Across all age subgroups, probabilities of having DD were significantly increased in those considered TEP score positive (≥5). CONCLUSION Our large, population-based study has shown that endplate defect was strongly and independently associated with DD at every lumbar disc level. These results provide a mechanism by which increasing age and BMI predispose to DD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Wahl A, Kasela S, Carnero-Montoro E, van Iterson M, Štambuk J, Sharma S, van den Akker E, Klaric L, Benedetti E, Razdorov G, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Vučković F, Ugrina I, Beekman M, Deelen J, van Heemst D, Heijmans BT, B.I.O.S. Consortium, Wuhrer M, Plomp R, Keser T, Šimurina M, Pavić T, Gudelj I, Krištić J, Grallert H, Kunze S, Peters A, Bell JT, Spector TD, Milani L, Slagboom PE, Lauc G, Gieger C. IgG glycosylation and DNA methylation are interconnected with smoking. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:637-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Girard A, Dionne G, Boivin M. Longitudinal Links Between Gambling Participation and Academic Performance in Youth: A Test of Four Models. J Gambl Stud 2018; 34:881-892. [PMID: 29327095 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-017-9736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gambling participation and low academic performance are related during adolescence, but the causal mechanisms underlying this link are unclear. It is possible that gambling participation impairs academic performance. Alternatively, the link between gambling participation and low academic performance could be explained by common underlying risk factors such as impulsivity and socio-family adversity. It could also be explained by other current correlated problem behaviors such as substance use. The goal of the present study was to examine whether concurrent and longitudinal links between gambling participation and low academic performance exist from age 14 to age 17 years, net of common antecedent factors and current substance use. A convenience sample of 766 adolescents (50.6% males) from a longitudinal twin sample participated in the study. Analyses revealed significant, albeit modest, concurrent links at both ages between gambling participation and academic performance. There was also a longitudinal link between gambling participation at age 14 and academic performance at age 17, which persisted after controlling for age 12 impulsivity and socio-family adversity as well as current substance use. Gambling participation predicts a decrease in academic performance during adolescence, net of concurrent and antecedent personal and familial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vitaro
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), 3050 blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada.
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), 3050 blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada
| | - Alain Girard
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), 3050 blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada
| | - Ginette Dionne
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), 3050 blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), 3050 blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Reduced telomere length is associated with fibrotic joint disease suggesting that impaired telomere repair contributes to joint fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190120. [PMID: 29293561 PMCID: PMC5749754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Joint fibrosis affects many synovial joints (including hip, knee and shoulder) causing stiffness and pain. The mechanism of joint fibrosis remains unknown, although genetic factors may contribute. Defects in maintenance of telomere length resulting from impaired telomere repair have been shown to cause lung and liver fibrotic disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that joint fibrosis and other soft tissue fibrotic conditions are also associated with telomere length. Patients and methods 5,200 participants in the TwinsUK registry had data on telomere length (measured by qPCR) and the traits of interest (hip and knee stiffness, total joint replacement (TJR, hip or knee) and fibrotic conditions (Dupuytren’s disease, frozen shoulder). Results Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between telomere length and fibrotic conditions (hip stiffness, knee stiffness and frozen shoulder, p = ≤0.002) even after taking age into account. No association was found between TJR and telomere length. Conclusion These findings suggest that defects in telomere repair contribute to joint fibrosis, and that fibrosis shares a common mechanistic pathway in different organs. Therapeutic strategies to combat telomere shortening may offer novel treatments for fibrotic joint disease.
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Livshits G, Ni Lochlainn M, Malkin I, Bowyer R, Verdi S, Steves CJ, Williams FMK. Shared genetic influence on frailty and chronic widespread pain: a study from TwinsUK. Age Ageing 2018; 47:119-125. [PMID: 28985290 PMCID: PMC5860041 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction frailty is an increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, across multiple physiological systems, with both environmental and genetic drivers. The two most commonly used measures are Rockwood’s frailty index (FI) and Fried’s frailty phenotype (FP). Material and methods the present study included 3626 individuals from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry. We used the classical twin model to determine whether FI and FP share the same latent aetiological factors. We also investigated the relationship between frailty and chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP), another holistic age-related condition with significant clinical impact. Results FP and FI shared underlying genetic and environmental aetiology. CWP was associated with both frailty measures, and health deficits appeared to mediate the relationship between phenotypic frailty and pain. Latent genetic factors underpinning CWP were shared with frailty. While frailty was increased in the twins reporting pain, co-twin regression analysis indicated that the relationship between CWP and frailty is reduced after accounting for shared genetic and environmental factors. Conclusions both measures of frailty tap the same root causes, thus this work helps unify frailty research. We confirmed a strong association between CWP and frailty, and showed a large and significant shared genetic aetiology of both phenomena. Our findings argue against pain being a significant causative factor in the development of frailty, favouring common causation. This study highlights the need to manage CWP in frail individuals and undertake a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in individuals presenting with CWP. Finally, the search for genetic factors underpinning CWP and frailty could be aided by integrating measures of pain and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Ni Lochlainn
- Clinical Age Research Unit, King’s College Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ida Malkin
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Verdi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Clinical Age Research Unit, King’s College Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
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A twin study of cilioretinal arteries, tilted discs and situs inversus. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 256:333-340. [PMID: 29242987 PMCID: PMC5790863 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the prevalence and heritability of cilioretinal arteries (CRAs), tilted discs (TDs) and situs inversus (SI). METHODS Fundus photos from the Twins UK Adult Twin registry twin database were analyzed: 1812 individuals, 526 complete monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 336 complete dizygotic (DZ) pairs. Images were assessed non-stereoscopically on a computer screen by the same ophthalmologist for presence of CRAs, TDs or SI. Prevalence figures, probandwise concordances and heritabilities were calculated. RESULTS Prevalence of a CRA in subjects' right eyes was 28.6% (26.5-30.8). Prevalence of subjects with a CRA in at least one eye was 45.0% (42.6-47.5), with a TD in at least one eye was 1.2% (0.8-1.9), and with SI at least one eye was 0.5% (0.3-1.0). There was no association between birth weight and presence of CRA. Concordance for CRA in at least one eye (MZ twins) was 60% (95% CI 55-64), and (DZ) was 45% (95% CI 39-51). Heritability for CRAs in at least one eye was 49.4% (95% CI 38.1-59.7) and for both eyes was 32.9% (95% CI 10.4-53.3). We were unable to calculate meaningful heritabilities or concordances for TDs and situs SI, due to insufficient numbers. CONCLUSIONS The presence of CRAs appears to be moderately heritable, with greater variance explained by individual environmental factors or even stochastic events. They were not associated with low birth weight. Future genetic research and studies of birth/lifecourse cohorts may offer further insights into the etiology of congenital papillovascular abnormalities.
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Lin BD, Carnero Montoro E, Bell JT, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ, Jansen R, Kluft C, Mangino M, Penninx B, Spector TD, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ. 2SNP heritability and effects of genetic variants for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:979-988. [PMID: 29066854 PMCID: PMC5669488 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are important biomarkers for disease development and progression. To gain insight into the genetic causes of variance in NLR and PLR in the general population, we conducted genome-wide association (GWA) analyses and estimated SNP heritability in a sample of 5901 related healthy Dutch individuals. GWA analyses identified a new genome-wide significant locus on the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region for PLR, which replicated in a sample of 2538 British twins. For platelet count, we replicated three known genome-wide significant loci in our cohort (at CCDC71L-PIK3CG, BAK1 and ARHGEF3). For neutrophil count, we replicated the PSMD3 locus. For the identified top SNPs, we found significant cis and trans expression quantitative trait loci effects for several loci involved in hematological and immunological pathways. Linkage Disequilibrium score (LD) regression analyses for PLR and NLR confirmed that both traits are heritable, with a polygenetic SNP heritability for PLR of 14.1%, and for NLR of 2.4%. Genetic correlations were present between ratios and the constituent counts, with the genetic correlation (r=0.45) of PLR with platelet count reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, we established that two important biomarkers have a significant heritable SNP component, and identified the first genome-wide locus for PLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Carnero Montoro
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Differential DNA Methylation in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Female Sexual Functioning. J Sex Med 2017; 14:1357-1364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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