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Ke Q, Xiao Y, Liu D, Shi C, Shen R, Qin S, Jiang L, Yang J, Zhou Y. PPARα/δ dual agonist H11 alleviates diabetic kidney injury by improving the metabolic disorders of tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116076. [PMID: 38387308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is responsible for nearly half of all end-stage kidney disease and kidney failure is a major driver of mortality among patients with diabetes. To date, few safe and effective drugs are available to reverse the decline of kidney function. Kidney tubules producing energy by fatty acid metabolism are pivotal in development and deterioration of DKD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), comprising PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ play a senior role in the pathogenesis of DKD for their functions in glycemic control and lipid metabolism; whereas systemic activation of PPARγ causes serious side-effects in clinical settings. Compound H11 was a potent PPARα and PPARδ (PPARα/δ) dual agonist with potent and well-balanced PPARα/δ agonistic activity and a high selectivity over PPARγ. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of compound H11 were determined in a db/db mouse model of diabetes. Expressions of PPARα and PPARδ in nuclei of tubules were markedly reduced in diabetes. Transcriptional changes of tubular cells showed that H11 was an effective PPARα/δ dual agonist taking effects both in vivo and in vitro. Systemic administration of H11 showed glucose tolerance and lipid metabolic benefits in db/db mice. Moreover, H11 treatment exerted protective effects on diabetic kidney injury. In addition to fatty acid metabolism, H11 also regulated diabetes-induced metabolic alternations of branch chain amino acid degradation and glycolysis. The present study demonstrated a crucial role of H11 in regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism in glucose-treated tubular cells. Overall, compound H11 holds therapeutic promise for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ke
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Caifeng Shi
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Songyan Qin
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Doiron JE, Li Z, Yu X, LaPenna KB, Quiriarte H, Allerton TD, Koul K, Malek A, Shah SJ, Sharp TE, Goodchild TT, Kapusta DR, Lefer DJ. Early Renal Denervation Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032646. [PMID: 38353216 PMCID: PMC11010115 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal sympathetic nervous system modulates systemic blood pressure, cardiac performance, and renal function. Pathological increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We investigated the effects of renal sympathetic denervation performed at early or late stages of HFpEF progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Male ZSF1 obese rats were subjected to radiofrequency renal denervation (RF-RDN) or sham procedure at either 8 weeks or 20 weeks of age and assessed for cardiovascular function, exercise capacity, and cardiorenal fibrosis. Renal norepinephrine and renal nerve tyrosine hydroxylase staining were performed to quantify denervation following RF-RDN. In addition, renal injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and profibrotic biomarkers were evaluated to determine pathways associated with RDN. RF-RDN significantly reduced renal norepinephrine and tyrosine hydroxylase content in both study cohorts. RF-RDN therapy performed at 8 weeks of age attenuated cardiac dysfunction, reduced cardiorenal fibrosis, and improved endothelial-dependent vascular reactivity. These improvements were associated with reductions in renal injury markers, expression of renal NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/interleukin 1β, and expression of profibrotic mediators. RF-RDN failed to exert beneficial effects when administered in the 20-week-old HFpEF cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that early RF-RDN therapy protects against HFpEF disease progression in part due to the attenuation of renal fibrosis and inflammation. In contrast, the renoprotective and left ventricular functional improvements were lost when RF-RDN was performed in later HFpEF progression. These results suggest that RDN may be a viable treatment option for HFpEF during the early stages of this systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake E. Doiron
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiac SurgerySmidt Heart Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Xiaoman Yu
- Department of Cardiac SurgerySmidt Heart Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Heather Quiriarte
- Department of Vascular MetabolismPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Timothy D. Allerton
- Department of Vascular MetabolismPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Kashyap Koul
- School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Andrew Malek
- School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Bluhm Cardiovascular InstituteNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Thomas E. Sharp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
- USF Health Heart InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Traci T. Goodchild
- Department of Cardiac SurgerySmidt Heart Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Kapusta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - David J. Lefer
- Department of Cardiac SurgerySmidt Heart Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
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Wang J, Casimiro-Garcia A, Johnson BG, Duffen J, Cain M, Savary L, Wang S, Nambiar P, Lech M, Zhao S, Xi L, Zhan Y, Olson J, Stejskal JA, Lin H, Zhang B, Martinez RV, Masek-Hammerman K, Schlerman FJ, Dower K. A protein kinase C α and β inhibitor blunts hyperphagia to halt renal function decline and reduces adiposity in a rat model of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16919. [PMID: 37805649 PMCID: PMC10560236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications can have debilitating, sometimes fatal consequences for afflicted individuals. The disease can be difficult to control, and therapeutic strategies to prevent T2D-induced tissue and organ damage are needed. Here we describe the results of administering a potent and selective inhibitor of Protein Kinase C (PKC) family members PKCα and PKCβ, Cmpd 1, in the ZSF1 obese rat model of hyperphagia-induced, obesity-driven T2D. Although our initial intent was to evaluate the effect of PKCα/β inhibition on renal damage in this model setting, Cmpd 1 unexpectedly caused a marked reduction in the hyperphagic response of ZSF1 obese animals. This halted renal function decline but did so indirectly and indistinguishably from a pair feeding comparator group. However, above and beyond this food intake effect, Cmpd 1 lowered overall animal body weights, reduced liver vacuolation, and reduced inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) mass, inflammation, and adipocyte size. Taken together, Cmpd 1 had strong effects on multiple disease parameters in this obesity-driven rodent model of T2D. Further evaluation for potential translation of PKCα/β inhibition to T2D and obesity in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Bryce G Johnson
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Duffen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Cain
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Mediar Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leigh Savary
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Instem Life Science Systems Ltd, Mount Ida College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Wang
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novartis Gene Therapies, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Prashant Nambiar
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Strand Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Lech
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhao
- Clinical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Xi
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yutian Zhan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Olson
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - James A Stejskal
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Hank Lin
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Clinical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert V Martinez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Technological Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Franklin J Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ken Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Büttner P, Werner S, Böttner J, Ossmann S, Schwedhelm E, Thiele H. Systemic Effects of Homoarginine Supplementation on Arginine Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14782. [PMID: 37834229 PMCID: PMC10572665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A restoration of low homoarginine (hArg) levels in obese ZSF1 rats (O-ZSF1) before (S1-ZSF1) and after (S2-ZSF1) the manifestation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) did not affect the worsening of cardiac HFpEF characteristics. Here, potential regulation of key enzymes of arginine metabolism in other organs was analyzed. Arginase 2 (ARG2) was reduced >35% in the kidney and small intestine of hArg-supplemented rats compared to O-ZSF1. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) was 29% upregulated in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) levels were reduced >50% in the livers of O-ZSF1 but restored in S2-ZSF1 compared to healthy rats (L-ZSF1). In the skeletal muscle, iNOS was lower in O-ZSF1 and further decreased in S1-ZSF1 and S2-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. iNOS levels were lower in the liver of the S2-ZSF1 group but higher in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. Supplementation with hArg in an in vivo HFpEF model resulted in the inhibition of renal ARG2 and an increase in GATM expression. This supplementation might contribute to the stabilization of intestinal iNOS and ARG2 imbalances, thereby enhancing barrier function. Additionally, it may offer protective effects in skeletal muscle by downregulating iNOS. In the conceptualization of hArg supplementation studies, the current disease progression stage as well as organ-specific enzyme regulation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Ossmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
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Talukdar A, Basumatary M. Rodent models to study type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced human diabetic nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7759-7782. [PMID: 37458869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an outcome of prolonged diabetes, has affected millions of people worldwide and every year the incidence and prevalence increase substantially. The symptoms may start with mild manifestations of the disease such as increased albuminuria, serum creatinine levels, thickening of glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial matrix to severe pathological symptoms such as glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial fibrosis which may further proceed to cardiovascular dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. PERSPECTIVE Numerous therapeutic interventions are being explored for the management of DN, however, these interventions do not completely halt the progression of this disease and hence animal models are being explored to identify critical genetic and molecular parameters which could help in tackling the disease. Rodent models which mostly include mice and rats are commonly used experimental animals which provide a wide range of advantages in understanding the onset and progression of disease in humans and also their response to a wide range of interventions helps in the development of effective therapeutics. Rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced DN have been developed utilizing different platforms and interventions during the last few decades some of which mimic various stages of diabetes ranging from early to later stages. However, a rodent model which replicates all the features of human DN is still lacking. This review tries to evaluate the rodent models that are currently available and understand their features and limitations which may help in further development of more robust models of human DN. CONCLUSION Using these rodent models can help to understand different aspects of human DN although further research is required to develop more robust models utilizing diverse genetic platforms which may, in turn, assist in developing effective interventions to target the disease at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Talukdar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Mandira Basumatary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
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Luo W, Tang S, Xiao X, Luo S, Yang Z, Huang W, Tang S. Translation Animal Models of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes, Advantages and Limitations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1297-1321. [PMID: 37179788 PMCID: PMC10168199 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s408170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathogenesis of diseases, developing new drugs, identifying disease risk markers, and improving means of prevention and treatment. However, modeling diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has posed a challenge for scientists. Although numerous models have been successfully developed, none of them can encompass all the key characteristics of human DKD. It is essential to choose the appropriate model according to the research needs, as different models develop different phenotypes and have their limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of biochemical and histological phenotypes, modeling mechanisms, advantages and limitations of DKD animal models, in order to update relevant model information and provide insights and references for generating or selecting the appropriate animal models to fit different experimental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songqi Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Balzer MS, Pavkovic M, Frederick J, Abedini A, Freyberger A, Vienenkötter J, Mathar I, Siudak K, Eitner F, Sandner P, Grundmann M, Susztak K. Treatment effects of soluble guanylate cyclase modulation on diabetic kidney disease at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100992. [PMID: 37023747 PMCID: PMC10140477 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of renal failure. Therapeutics development is hampered by our incomplete understanding of animal models on a cellular level. We show that ZSF1 rats recapitulate human DKD on a phenotypic and transcriptomic level. Tensor decomposition prioritizes proximal tubule (PT) and stroma as phenotype-relevant cell types exhibiting a continuous lineage relationship. As DKD features endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide depletion, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a promising DKD drug target. sGC expression is specifically enriched in PT and stroma. In ZSF1 rats, pharmacological sGC activation confers considerable benefits over stimulation and is mechanistically related to improved oxidative stress regulation, resulting in enhanced downstream cGMP effects. Finally, we define sGC gene co-expression modules, which allow stratification of human kidney samples by DKD prevalence and disease-relevant measures such as kidney function, proteinuria, and fibrosis, underscoring the relevance of the sGC pathway to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Pavkovic
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Frederick
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amin Abedini
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexius Freyberger
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Vienenkötter
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ilka Mathar
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Krystyna Siudak
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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Balzer C, Cleveland WJ, Li Z, Riess ML. Buffer glucose adjustment affects myocardial function after ischemia-reperfusion in long-term diabetic rat isolated hearts. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15387. [PMID: 36324287 PMCID: PMC9630758 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its comorbidities type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, the Zucker Spontaneous Hypertensive Fatty (ZSF1) rat is a clinically relevant animal model when assessing ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Most IR studies in hearts isolated from diabetic animals have been conducted at normal glucose concentrations, providing a different environment compared to in-vivo. We hypothesized IR injury to be attenuated in isolated hearts of diabetic ZSF1 rats when adjusting the Krebs-buffer (KB) to their in-vivo, i.e., elevated blood glucose (BG) levels. Diabetic and non-diabetic ZSF1 rats were anesthetized, hearts isolated and Langendorff-prepared. While standard KB was used for the non-diabetic and diabetic unadjusted groups, KB with glucose levels increased to each rat's prior BG level was used for the adjusted diabetic group. All hearts underwent 30 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Diastolic contracture during ischemia and early reperfusion was delayed and temporarily attenuated in the adjusted compared to the unadjusted diabetic and the non-diabetic groups. The decrease in coronary flow on reperfusion was attenuated in diabetic animals. Left ventricular developed pressure and contractility were not different among the three groups. Infarct size was significantly lower in non-diabetic animals; buffer adjustment made no difference in diabetic animals. In our study, T2DM did not worsen myocardial function in ZSF1 rat isolated hearts. Since our results reveal that hearts with an adjusted glucose level exhibit an at least temporary improvement of function following IR, further studies should consider adapting glucose levels to create more realistic conditions in isolated, perfused hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Balzer
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - William J. Cleveland
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Matthias L. Riess
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyTVHS VA Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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9
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Zhang Y, Mou Y, Zhang J, Suo C, Zhou H, Gu M, Wang Z, Tan R. Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Renal Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890766. [PMID: 35655759 PMCID: PMC9152458 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and can lead to the destruction of normal renal structure and loss of kidney function. Little progress has been made in reversing fibrosis in recent years. Ferroptosis is more immunogenic than apoptosis due to the release and activation of damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals. In this paper, the relationship between renal fibrosis and ferroptosis was reviewed from the perspective of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and some pharmaceuticals or chemicals associated with both ferroptosis and renal fibrosis were summarized. Other programmed cell death and ferroptosis in renal fibrosis were also firstly reviewed for comparison and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan,
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10
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Fan X, Song H, Xu X, Lu X, Wang Y, Duan X. Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Sodium p-Hydroxybenzoate in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843368. [PMID: 35355716 PMCID: PMC8959674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), which exists extensively in plants, is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects, but various adverse side effects have also been reported. Previous research has found that acid translated to its sodium salt improves the safety profile of compounds. Therefore, we hypothesized that p-HBA translated to sodium p-hydroxybenzoate would improve its safety profile. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate after 90 days of repeated oral toxicity experiments according to OECD guidelines in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 90 days. All animals survived to the end of the study, and no sodium p-hydroxybenzoate treatment-associated mortality or clinical changes were observed during the study period. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate did not promote any clinical signs of toxicologically relevant effects, including changes in body weight, food intake and urinalysis parameters, in male or female SD rats. Dose-related alterations in hematological parameters, organ weights and histopathological findings in hepatic tissue were examined in animals of both sexes in the 500 mg/kg BW/day group. Based on the study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was determined to be 250 mg/kg BW/day in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xi Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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11
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Petzuch B, Benardeau A, Hofmeister L, Meyer J, Hartmann E, Pavkovic M, Mathar I, Sandner P, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H. Urinary miRNA profiles in chronic kidney injury - Benefits of extracellular vesicle enrichment and miRNAs as potential biomarkers for renal fibrosis, glomerular injury and endothelial dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:35-50. [PMID: 35244176 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and play an important role in physiological homeostasis and disease. In biofluids miRNAs can be found in protein complexes or in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Altered urinary miRNAs are reported as potential biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context we compared established urinary protein biomarkers for kidney injury with urinary miRNA profiles in obese ZSF1 and hypertensive renin transgenic rats. Additionally, the benefit of urinary EV enrichment was investigated in vivo and the potential association of urinary miRNAs with renal fibrosis in vitro. Kidney damage in both rat models was confirmed by histopathology, proteinuria, and increased levels of urinary protein biomarkers. In total 290 miRNAs were elevated in obese ZSF1 rats compared to lean controls, while 38 miRNAs were altered in obese ZSF1 rats during 14 to 26 weeks of age. These 38 miRNAs correlated better with disease progression than established urinary protein biomarkers. MiRNAs increased in obese ZSF1 rats were associated with renal inflammation, fibrosis, and glomerular injury. Eight miRNAs were also changed in urinary EVs of renin transgenic rats, including one which might play a role in endothelial dysfunction. EV enrichment increased the number and detection level of several miRNAs implicated in renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Our results show the benefit of EV enrichment for miRNA detection and the potential of total urine and urinary EV-associated miRNAs as biomarkers of altered kidney physiology, renal fibrosis and glomerular injury, and disease progression in hypertension and obesity induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Petzuch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Investigational Toxicology, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Investigative Toxicology, Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, 88400 Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - A Benardeau
- Novo Nordisk A/S,Cardio-Renal Biology, Måløv, Denmark
| | - L Hofmeister
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Meyer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Hartmann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Toxicology, Pathology and Clinical Pathology, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pavkovic
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Investigational Toxicology, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - I Mathar
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Gao J, Gu Z. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832732. [PMID: 35308207 PMCID: PMC8931476 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that PPARs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. All three members of the PPAR subfamily, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, have been implicated in many renal pathophysiological conditions, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic kidney disease, among others. Emerging data suggest that PPARs may be potential therapeutic targets for renal disease. This article reviews the physiological roles of PPARs in the kidney and discusses the therapeutic utility of PPAR agonists in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoyan Gu,
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13
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Wang AN, Carlos J, Fraser GM, McGuire JJ. Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat (ZDSD): type 2 diabetes translational research model. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:265-282. [PMID: 35178802 PMCID: PMC9314054 DOI: 10.1113/ep089947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the topic of this review? The Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat is in the early adoption phase of use by researchers in the fields of diabetes, including prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is essential that physiology researchers choose preclinical models that model human type 2 diabetes appropriately and are aware of the limitations on experimental design. What advances does it highlight? Our review of the scientific literature finds that although sex, age and diets contribute to variability, the ZDSD phenotype and disease progression model the characteristics of humans who have prediabetes and diabetes, including co‐morbidities.
Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent disease and a significant concern for global population health. For persons with T2D, clinical treatments target not only the characteristics of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, but also co‐morbidities, such as obesity, cardiovascular and renal disease, neuropathies and skeletal bone conditions. The Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat is a rodent model developed for experimental studies of T2D. We reviewed the scientific literature to highlight the characteristics of T2D development and the associated phenotypes, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular complications and bone and skeletal pathologies in ZDSD rats. We found that ZDSD phenotype characteristics are independent of leptin receptor signalling. The ZDSD rat develops prediabetes, then progresses to overt diabetes that is accelerated by introduction of a timed high‐fat diet. In male ZDSD rats, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) increases at a constant rate from 7 to >30 weeks of age. Diabetic ZDSD rats are moderately hypertensive compared with other rat strains. Diabetes in ZDSD rats leads to endothelial dysfunction in specific vasculatures, impaired wound healing, decreased systolic and diastolic cardiac function, neuropathy and nephropathy. Changes to bone composition and the skeleton increase the risk of bone fractures. Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley rats have not yet achieved widespread use by researchers. We highlight sex‐related differences in the ZDSD phenotype and gaps in knowledge for future studies. Overall, scientific data support the premise that the phenotype and disease progression in ZDSD rats models the characteristics in humans. We conclude that ZDSD rats are an advantageous model to advance understanding and discovery of treatments for T2D through preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Wang
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joselia Carlos
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham M Fraser
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - John J McGuire
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Hu L, Chen Y, Zhou X, Hoek M, Cox J, Lin K, Liu Y, Blumenschein W, Grein J, Swaminath G. Effects of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator on renal function in ZSF-1 model of diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261000. [PMID: 35085251 PMCID: PMC8794189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is associated with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, in which the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling pathway is impaired. We hypothesize that sGC stimulator Compound 1 can enhance NO signaling, reduce proteinuria in a diabetic nephropathy preclinical model with diminished NO bioavailability and increased oxidized sGC. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of sGC stimulator Compound 1 on the renal effect in obese ZSF1 (ZSF1 OB) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sGC stimulator Compound 1, the standard of care agent Enalapril, and a combination of Compound 1 and Enalapril were administered chronically to obese ZSF1 rats for 6 months. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, creatinine clearance for glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary protein excretion to creatinine ratio (UPCR), and urinary albumin excretion ratio (UACR) were determined during the study. The histopathology of glomerular and interstitial lesions was assessed at the completion of the study. RESULTS While both Compound 1 and Enalapril significantly reduced blood pressure, the combination of Compound 1 and Enalapril normalized blood pressure levels. Compound 1 improved eGFR and reduced UPCR and UACR. A combination of Enalapril and Compound 1 resulted in a marked reduction in UPCR and UACR and improved GFR. CONCLUSION The sGC stimulator Compound 1 as a monotherapy slowed renal disease progression, and a combination of the sGC stimulator with Enalapril provided greater renal protection in a rodent model of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Hu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Yinhong Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- Biology Department, Maze Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jason Cox
- Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- Discovery Chemistry, Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ken Lin
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, BridgeBio, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Wendy Blumenschein
- Department of Molecular Discovery Profiling and Expression, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jeff Grein
- Department of Molecular Discovery Profiling and Expression, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Swaminath
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
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15
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Khan AH, Hwang SH, Barnett SD, Burkhan A, Jankiewicz WK, Hammock BD, Imig JD. Multitarget molecule, PTUPB, to treat diabetic nephropathy in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4468-4484. [PMID: 34255857 PMCID: PMC8863090 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy is a common complications related to high morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the action of the dual modulator, PTUPB, a soluble epoxide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor against diabetic nephropathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sixteen-week-old type 2 diabetic and proteinuric obese ZSF1 rats were treated with vehicle, PTUPB or enalapril for 8 weeks. Measurements were made of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, thromboxane B2 (TBX2 ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in the kidney of these and lean ZSF1 rats along with their blood pressure. KEY RESULT Obese ZSF1 rats were diabetic with fivefold higher fasting blood glucose levels and markedly higher HbA1c levels compared with lean ZSF1 rats. PTUPB nor enalapril reduced fasting blood glucose or HbA1c but alleviated the development of diabetic nephropathy. In PTUPB-treated obese ZSF1 rats, glomerular nephrin expression was preserved. Enalapril also alleviated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic renal injury in obese ZSF1 rats was accompanied by renal inflammation with six to sevenfold higher urinary MCP-1 (CCR2) level and renal infiltration of CD-68 positive cells. PTUPB and enalapril significantly reduced urinary MCP-1 levels and renal mRNA expression of cytokines. Both PTUPB and enalapril lowered blood pressure. PTUPB but not enalapril decreased hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in obese ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, the dual modulator PTUPB does not treat hyperglycaemia but can effectively alleviate hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Our data further demonstrate that the renal actions of PTUPB are comparable with a current standard diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hye Khan
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott D. Barnett
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anna Burkhan
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Wojciech K. Jankiewicz
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John D. Imig
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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16
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Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide turnover in the ZSF1 animal model for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20684. [PMID: 34667218 PMCID: PMC8526609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and altered nitric oxide (NO) metabolism are considered causal factors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). NO synthase activity depends on the availability of arginine and its derivatives. Thus, we analyzed arginine, associated metabolites, arginine-metabolizing enzymes and NO turnover in 20-week-old female healthy lean (L-ZSF1) and obese ZSF1 rats (O-ZSF1) with HFpEF. Serum, urine and lysates of liver, kidney and heart were analyzed. There were significantly lower lysine (− 28%), arginine (− 31%), homoarginine (− 72%) and nitrite (− 32%) levels in serum of O-ZSF1 rats. Ornithine (+ 60%) and citrulline (+ 20%) levels were higher. Similar results were found in the heart. Expression of arginine consuming enzymes in liver and kidney was unchanged. Instead, we observed a 5.8-fold higher arginase 1 expression, presumably of granulocyte origin, in serum and > fourfold increased cardiac macrophage invasion in O-ZSF1. We conclude that inflammatory cells in blood and heart consume arginine and probably homoarginine via arginase 1 and inducible NO synthase and release ornithine and citrulline. In combination with evidence for decreased NO turnover in O-ZSF1 rats, we assume lower arginine bioavailability to endothelial NO synthase.
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17
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A small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase improves obesity, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy in obese ZSF1 rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255022. [PMID: 34339435 PMCID: PMC8328318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase (PH) enzymes control the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor known to regulate erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HIF-PH inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) correct anemia in patients with renal disease and in animal models of anemia and kidney disease. However, the effects of HIF-PHIs on comorbidities associated with kidney disease remain largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of the HIF-PHI FG-2216 in obese ZSF1 (Ob-ZSF1) rats, an established model of kidney failure with metabolic syndrome. Following unilateral nephrectomy (Nx) at 8 weeks of age, rats were treated with 40 mg/kg FG-2216 or vehicle by oral gavage three times per week for up to 18 weeks. FG-2216 corrected blood hemoglobin levels and improved kidney function and histopathology in Nx-Ob-ZSF1 rats by increasing the glomerular filtration rate, decreasing proteinuria, and reducing peritubular fibrosis, tubular damage, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial expansion. FG-2216 increased renal glucose excretion and decreased body weight, fat pad weight, and serum cholesterol in Nx-Ob-ZSF1 rats. Additionally, FG-2216 corrected hypertension, improved diastolic and systolic heart function, and reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In conclusion, the HIF-PHI FG-2216 improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes, and reduced obesity in a rat model of kidney disease with metabolic syndrome. Thus, in addition to correcting anemia, HIF-PHIs may provide renal and cardiac protection to patients suffering from kidney disease with metabolic syndrome.
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18
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Tyurenkov IN, Perfilova VN, Nesterova AA, Glinka Y. Klotho Protein and Cardio-Vascular System. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:132-145. [PMID: 33832412 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Klotho protein affects a number of metabolic pathways essential for pathogenesis of cardio-vascular diseases and their prevention. It inhibits lipid peroxidation and inflammation, as well as prevents endothelial injury and calcification of blood vessels. Klotho decreases rigidity of blood vessels and suppresses development of the heart fibrosis. Low level of its expression is associated with a number of diseases. Cardioprotective effect of klotho is based on its ability to interact with multiple receptors and ion channels. Being a pleiotropic protein, klotho could be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of cardio-vascular diseases. In this review we present data on pharmaceuticals that stimulate klotho expression and suggest some promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, 400066, Russia
| | - Valentina N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, 400066, Russia.
| | - Alla A Nesterova
- Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, 357500, Russia
| | - Yelena Glinka
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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19
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Zhang Q, Yang M, Xiao Y, Han Y, Yang S, Sun L. Towards Better Drug Repositioning: Targeted Immunoinflammatory Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1003-1024. [PMID: 31701843 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191108160643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main clinical features of DN are proteinuria and a progressive decline in renal function, which are associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, including genetic, metabolic, and haemodynamic factors, which can trigger a sequence of events. Controlling metabolic risks such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia is not enough to slow the progression of DN. Recent studies emphasized immunoinflammation as a critical pathogenic factor in the progression of DN. Therefore, targeting inflammation is considered a potential and novel treatment strategy for DN. In this review, we will briefly introduce the inflammatory process of DN and discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of antidiabetic drugs when treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Bode D, Semmler L, Wakula P, Hegemann N, Primessnig U, Beindorff N, Powell D, Dahmen R, Ruetten H, Oeing C, Alogna A, Messroghli D, Pieske BM, Heinzel FR, Hohendanner F. Dual SGLT-1 and SGLT-2 inhibition improves left atrial dysfunction in HFpEF. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33413413 PMCID: PMC7792219 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose linked transporter type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibition has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality in heart failure independently of glycemic control and prevents the onset of atrial arrhythmias, a common co-morbidity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The mechanism behind these effects is not fully understood, and it remains unclear if they could be further enhanced by additional SGLT-1 inhibition. We investigated the effects of chronic treatment with the dual SGLT-1&2 inhibitor sotagliflozin on left atrial (LA) remodeling and cellular arrhythmogenesis (i.e. atrial cardiomyopathy) in a metabolic syndrome-related rat model of HFpEF. METHODS 17 week-old ZSF-1 obese rats, a metabolic syndrome-related model of HFpEF, and wild type rats (Wistar Kyoto), were fed 30 mg/kg/d sotagliflozin for 6 weeks. At 23 weeks, LA were imaged in-vivo by echocardiography. In-vitro, Ca2+ transients (CaT; electrically stimulated, caffeine-induced) and spontaneous Ca2+ release were recorded by ratiometric microscopy using Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dyes (Fura-2) during various experimental protocols. Mitochondrial structure (dye: Mitotracker), Ca2+ buffer capacity (dye: Rhod-2), mitochondrial depolarization (dye: TMRE) and production of reactive oxygen species (dye: H2DCF) were visualized by confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with 2-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Bonferroni and student's t-test, as applicable. RESULTS Sotagliflozin ameliorated LA enlargement in HFpEF in-vivo. In-vitro, LA cardiomyocytes in HFpEF showed an increased incidence and amplitude of arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release events (SCaEs). Sotagliflozin significantly reduced the magnitude of SCaEs, while their frequency was unaffected. Sotagliflozin lowered diastolic [Ca2+] of CaT at baseline and in response to glucose influx, possibly related to a ~ 50% increase of sodium sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) forward-mode activity. Sotagliflozin prevented mitochondrial swelling and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ buffer capacity in HFpEF. Sotagliflozin improved mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during glucose starvation and averted Ca2+ accumulation upon glycolytic inhibition. CONCLUSION The SGLT-1&2 inhibitor sotagliflozin ameliorated LA remodeling in metabolic HFpEF. It also improved distinct features of Ca2+-mediated cellular arrhythmogenesis in-vitro (i.e. magnitude of SCaEs, mitochondrial Ca2+ buffer capacity, diastolic Ca2+ accumulation, NCX activity). The safety and efficacy of combined SGLT-1&2 inhibition for the treatment and/or prevention of atrial cardiomyopathy associated arrhythmias should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Atrial Function, Left/drug effects
- Atrial Remodeling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glycosides/pharmacology
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Heart Atria/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/complications
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects
- Mitochondrial Swelling/drug effects
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Zucker
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bode
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Semmler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Wakula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Hegemann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Powell
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Metabolism Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raphael Dahmen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Ruetten
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Oeing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert M Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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Sembach FE, Østergaard MV, Vrang N, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Fosgerau K, Jelsing J, Fink LN. Rodent models of diabetic kidney disease: human translatability and preclinical validity. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:200-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Castañeda TR, Méndez M, Davison I, Elvert R, Schwahn U, Boldina G, Rocher C, Scherer P, Singh K, Bangari DS, Falkenhahn M, Kannt A, Konkar A, Larsen PJ, Arbeeny C, Dhal PK, Hübschle T. The Novel Phosphate and Bile Acid Sequestrant Polymer SAR442357 Delays Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:190-203. [PMID: 33203659 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a gut-restricted, nonabsorbed therapy, polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) play an important role in managing hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Similarly, nonabsorbable sequestrants of dietary phosphate have been used for the management of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease. To evaluate the potential utility of such polymer sequestrants to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its associated renal and cardiovascular complications, we synthesized a novel polymeric sequestrant, SAR442357, possessing optimized bile acid (BA) and phosphate sequestration characteristics. Long-term treatment of T2D obese cZucker fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1) with SAR442357 resulted in enhanced sequestration of BAs and phosphate in the gut, improved glycemic control, lowering of serum cholesterol, and attenuation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. In comparison, colesevelam, a BAS with poor phosphate binding properties, did not prevent DKD progression, whereas losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker that is widely used to treat DKD, showed no effect on hyperglycemia. Analysis of hepatic gene expression levels of the animals treated with SAR442357 revealed upregulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol and BAs, providing clear evidence of target engagement and mode of action of the new sequestrant. Additional hepatic gene expression pathway changes were indicative of an interruption of the enterohepatic BA cycle. Histopathological analysis of ZSF1 rat kidneys treated with SAR442357 further supported its nephroprotective properties. Collectively, these findings reveal the pharmacological benefit of simultaneous sequestration of BAs and phosphate in treating T2D and its associated comorbidities and cardiovascular complications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A new nonabsorbed polymeric sequestrant with optimum phosphate and bile salt sequestration properties was developed as a treatment option for DKD. The new polymeric sequestrant offered combined pharmacological benefits including glucose regulation, lipid lowering, and attenuation of DKD progression in a single therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Castañeda
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - María Méndez
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Ian Davison
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Ralf Elvert
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Uwe Schwahn
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Galina Boldina
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Corinne Rocher
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Petra Scherer
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Dinesh S Bangari
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Mechthilde Falkenhahn
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Anish Konkar
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Philip J Larsen
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Cynthia Arbeeny
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Pradeep K Dhal
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
| | - Thomas Hübschle
- R&D Diabetes (T.R.C., R.E., A.Ka., A.Ko., P.J.L., C.A., T.H.), Integrated Drug Discovery (M.M.), Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis (U.S.), Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology (P.S.), and Global Research Project Management (M.F.), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; C&BD Haverhill Operations, Sanofi GB Genzyme Limited, Haverhill, Suffolk, United Kingdom (I.D.); R&D Translational Sciences France, Bioinformatics, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France (C.R.); Translational In Vivo Models, Global Discovery Pathology, Framingham, Massachusetts (K.S., D.S.B.); and Pharmaceutical Development Platform, Sanofi Global R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts (P.K.D.)
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Low-dose angiotensin AT 1 receptor β-arrestin-biased ligand, TRV027, protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1676-1684. [PMID: 33090352 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment of β-arrestin to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), initially described to cause receptor desensitization, has recently been shown to take active roles in cell signaling. We investigated the effects of TRV027, an angiotensin AT1 receptor β-arrestin-biased ligand, as well as losartan and valsartan on cisplatin-induced kidney injury. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with angiotensin receptor ligands (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) with or without cisplatin, and kidney variables were monitored using animal SPECT, histopathology, and serum parameters. RESULTS TRV027, losartan, and valsartan did not alter renal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) uptake, histopathological manifestations of kidney injury, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine or Na+ and K+ levels, per se. However, when rats co-treated with cisplatin and either of the AT1 receptor blockers at higher doses, we observed aggravation of cisplatin-induced reduction of radiotracer uptake but improvement of cisplatin-induced hypokalemia, and insignificant effect on histological findings. Furthermore, we noted an additional increase in cisplatin-induced augmentation of BUN and creatinine levels in cisplatin plus valsartan group. TRV027 (1 mg/kg/day) inhibited cisplatin adverse effects on radiotracer uptake, kidney histology, BUN, and creatinine as well as electrolyte levels, but it failed to produce protective effects at higher dose (10 mg/kg/day). CONCLUSION Low-dose TRV027 may offer potential benefits in kidney injury due to cisplatin.
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Liu G, Shea CM, Jones JE, Price GM, Warren W, Lonie E, Yan S, Currie MG, Profy AT, Masferrer JL, Zimmer DP. Praliciguat inhibits progression of diabetic nephropathy in ZSF1 rats and suppresses inflammation and apoptosis in human renal proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F697-F711. [PMID: 32865013 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00003.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Praliciguat, a clinical-stage soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, increases cGMP via the nitric oxide-sGC pathway. Praliciguat has been shown to be renoprotective in rodent models of hypertensive nephropathy and renal fibrosis. In the present study, praliciguat alone and in combination with enalapril attenuated proteinuria in the obese ZSF1 rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Praliciguat monotherapy did not affect hemodynamics. In contrast, enalapril monotherapy lowered blood pressure but did not attenuate proteinuria. Renal expression of genes in pathways involved in inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and kidney injury was lower in praliciguat-treated obese ZSF1 rats than in obese control rats; fasting glucose and cholesterol were also lower with praliciguat treatment. To gain insight into how tubular mechanisms might contribute to its pharmacological effects on the kidneys, we studied the effects of praliciguat on pathological processes and signaling pathways in cultured human primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTCs). Praliciguat inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in tumor necrosis factor-α-challenged RPTCs. Praliciguat treatment also attenuated transforming growth factor-β-mediated apoptosis, changes to a mesenchyme-like cellular phenotype, and phosphorylation of SMAD3 in RPTCs. In conclusion, praliciguat improved proteinuria in the ZSF1 rat model of diabetic nephropathy, and its actions in human RPTCs suggest that tubular effects may contribute to its renal benefits, building upon strong evidence for the role of cGMP signaling in renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney M Shea
- Department of Pharmacology, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juli E Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gavrielle M Price
- Department of Medical Writing, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William Warren
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Lonie
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Discovery Informatics, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark G Currie
- Department of Research Management, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Albert T Profy
- Department of Development Management, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jaime L Masferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Li CY, Ma WX, Yan LJ. 5-Methoxyindole-2-Carboylic Acid (MICA) Fails to Retard Development and Progression of Type II Diabetes in ZSF1 Diabetic Rats. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2020; 9:144-147. [PMID: 32551363 PMCID: PMC7301685 DOI: pmid/32551363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
5-Methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA) is a well-established reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH). This chemical, as an indole derivative, has been shown to be neuroprotective against ischemic stroke injury when administered either before or after ischemic stroke in animal models. MICA has also been studied as a potential antidiabetic agent by numerous investigators, though the underlying mechanisms remain sketchy. To attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of its antidiabetic action, we tested the effect of MICA on ZSF1 rat, a widely used rodent model of type 2 diabetes. ZSF1 rats as well as its healthy controls were fed with control diet or MICA-containing diet (200 mg/kg/day) for 9 weeks. Unexpectedly, comparison of body weight changes and blood glucose levels at the end of the 9-week's feeding period indicated that MICA failed to show any anti-diabetic effect in the ZSF1 diabetic rats. The reasons for this failure were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Xing Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
- Technical Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao 266002, Shandong, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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Zimmer DP, Shea CM, Tobin JV, Tchernychev B, Germano P, Sykes K, Banijamali AR, Jacobson S, Bernier SG, Sarno R, Carvalho A, Chien YT, Graul R, Buys ES, Jones JE, Wakefield JD, Price GM, Chickering JG, Milne GT, Currie MG, Masferrer JL. Olinciguat, an Oral sGC Stimulator, Exhibits Diverse Pharmacology Across Preclinical Models of Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Renal, and Inflammatory Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 32322204 PMCID: PMC7156612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic 3',5' GMP (cGMP) signaling plays a central role in regulation of diverse processes including smooth muscle relaxation, inflammation, and fibrosis. sGC is activated by the short-lived physiologic mediator NO. sGC stimulators are small-molecule compounds that directly bind to sGC to enhance NO-mediated cGMP signaling. Olinciguat, (R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(((5-fluoro-2-(1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(isoxazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide, is a new sGC stimulator currently in Phase 2 clinical development. To understand the potential clinical utility of olinciguat, we studied its pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and pharmacologic effects in preclinical models. Olinciguat relaxed human vascular smooth muscle and was a potent inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vitro. These antiproliferative effects were potentiated by the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil, which did not inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation on its own. Olinciguat was orally bioavailable and predominantly cleared by the liver in rats. In a rat whole body autoradiography study, olinciguat-derived radioactivity in most tissues was comparable to plasma levels, indicating a balanced distribution between vascular and extravascular compartments. Olinciguat was explored in rodent models to study its effects on the vasculature, the heart, the kidneys, metabolism, and inflammation. Olinciguat reduced blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Olinciguat was cardioprotective in the Dahl rat salt-sensitive hypertensive heart failure model. In the rat ZSF1 model of diabetic nephropathy and metabolic syndrome, olinciguat was renoprotective and associated with lower circulating glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In a mouse TNFα-induced inflammation model, olinciguat treatment was associated with lower levels of endothelial and leukocyte-derived soluble adhesion molecules. The pharmacological features of olinciguat suggest that it may have broad therapeutic potential and that it may be suited for diseases that have both vascular and extravascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Zimmer
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Courtney M Shea
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jenny V Tobin
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Boris Tchernychev
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Peter Germano
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kristie Sykes
- Research and Development, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ali R Banijamali
- Research and Development, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Jacobson
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sylvie G Bernier
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Renee Sarno
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Carvalho
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yueh-Tyng Chien
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Regina Graul
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juli E Jones
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - James D Wakefield
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gavrielle M Price
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - G Todd Milne
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mark G Currie
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jaime L Masferrer
- Research and Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Preguiça I, Alves A, Nunes S, Gomes P, Fernandes R, Viana SD, Reis F. Diet-Induced Rodent Models of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Retinopathy and Nephropathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010250. [PMID: 31963709 PMCID: PMC7019796 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary habits are major modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease with increasing prevalence and serious consequences. Microvascular complications of diabetes, namely diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), retinopathy (DR), and nephropathy (DN), are associated with high morbidity rates and a heavy social and economic burden. Currently, available therapeutic options to counter the evolution of diabetic microvascular complications are clearly insufficient, which strongly recommends further research. Animal models are essential tools to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression, to unravel new therapeutic targets, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs and/or novel therapeutic approaches. However, choosing the best animal model is challenging due to the large number of factors that need to be considered. This is particularly relevant for models induced by dietary modifications, which vary markedly in terms of macronutrient composition. In this article, we revisit the rodent models of diet-induced DPN, DR, and DN, critically comparing the main features of these microvascular complications in humans and the criteria for their diagnosis with the parameters that have been used in preclinical research using rodent models, considering the possible need for factors which can accelerate or aggravate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (P.G.); (R.F.); (S.D.V.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-053
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Noshahr ZS, Salmani H, Khajavi Rad A, Sahebkar A. Animal Models of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9416419. [PMID: 32566684 PMCID: PMC7256713 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9416419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main factor leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Importantly, the prevalence of DN is continuously increasing in developed countries. Many rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been established to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes and examine novel therapies against DN. These models are developed by chemical, surgical, genetic, drug, and diet/nutrition interventions or combination of two or more methods. The main characteristics of DN including a decrease in renal function, albuminuria and mesangiolysis, mesangial expansion, and nodular glomerulosclerosis should be exhibited by an animal model of DN. However, a rodent model possessing all of the abovementioned features of human DN has not yet been developed. Furthermore, mice of different genetic backgrounds and strains show different levels of susceptibility to DN with respect to albuminuria and development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the type of diabetes, development of nephropathy, duration of the study, cost of maintaining and breeding, and animals' mortality rate are important factors that might be affected by the type of DN model. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of different rodent models of diabetes that are being used to study DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi Noshahr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wei CK, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Liao AM, Hu F, Huang JH, Wei ZJ. Acute, genetic and sub-chronic toxicities of flaxseed derived Maillard reaction products. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yan R, Wang Y, Shi M, Xiao Y, Liu L, Liu L, Guo B. Regulation of PTEN/AKT/FAK pathways by PPARγ impacts on fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6998-7014. [PMID: 30652342 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) are important pathological features of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the regulatory mechanism underlying EMT and TIF are still unclear. Previous studies showed that the decrease in the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was closely related to the aggravation of DN, but no published study showed how PTEN participated in the regulation of EMT and TIF. In this study, the rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) and C57BL mice and human kidney tissues were used as the research objects to investigate the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) on PTEN and its influence on EMT and TIF, the regulation of PTEN's dual activity of lipid phosphatase/protein phosphatase by the serine threonine protein kinase B(AKT)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway, and the role of PTEN in EMT and TIF. The results showed that PPARγ regulated the expression of PTEN at a transcriptional level and further regulated EMT and TIF. This dual activity could regulate the phosphorylation level of AKT and FAK and also affect FAK transcription. However, the 129 mutant of PTEN (PTEN-G129E) lost the lipid phosphatase activity, and its protein phosphatase activity was involved only in EMT and renal fibrosis through regulating FAK phosphorylation. This study systematically elucidated the role of PPARγ/PTEN/AKT/FAK signaling pathway in EMT and TIF during the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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31
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Captopril Attenuates Cardiovascular and Renal Disease in a Rat Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:205-214. [PMID: 29620605 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a prevalent form of heart failure, is frequently accompanied by the metabolic syndrome and kidney disease. Because current treatment options of HFpEF are limited, evaluation of therapies in experimental models of HFpEF with the metabolic syndrome and kidney disease is needed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of captopril, furosemide, and their combination in aged, obese ZSF1 rats, an animal model of HFpEF with the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease as comorbidities. Captopril (100 mg/kg), furosemide (50 mg/kg), or their combination was administered orally to obese ZSF1 rats aged 20 to 44 weeks. Untreated ZSF1 rats served as controls. After 24 weeks of treatment, captopril significantly lowered systemic blood pressure and attenuated HFpEF as evidenced by significantly reduced left ventricular end diastolic pressures (10.5 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.3 mm Hg in Control vs. Captopril, respectively) and significantly lower left ventricular relaxation time constants (28.1 ± 2.9 vs. 18.3 ± 3.1 ms in Control vs. Captopril, respectively). The captopril-induced improvement in left ventricular function was associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia, necrosis, and vasculitis. Captopril also increased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, reduced renal vascular resistance and proteinuria, and improved renal histology (ie, reduced renal hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular atrophy/dilation). Furosemide alone provided little benefit; moreover, furosemide did not augment the therapeutic benefits of captopril. This study suggests that chronic administration of captopril, but not furosemide, could be beneficial in patients with HFpEF, particularly in those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemias.
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32
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Lai YC, Wang L, Gladwin MT. Insights into the pulmonary vascular complications of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Physiol 2018; 597:1143-1156. [PMID: 30549058 DOI: 10.1113/jp275858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in the setting of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is a growing public health problem that is increasing in prevalence. While PH-HFpEF is defined by a high mean pulmonary artery pressure, high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a normal ejection fraction, some HFpEF patients develop PH in the presence of pulmonary vascular remodelling with a high transpulmonary pressure gradient or pulmonary vascular resistance. Ageing, increased left atrial pressure and stiffness, mitral regurgitation, as well as features of metabolic syndrome, which include obesity, diabetes and hypertension, are recognized as risk factors for PH-HFpEF. Qualitative studies have documented that patients with PH-HFpEF develop more severe symptoms than those with HFpEF and are associated with more significant exercise intolerance, frequent hospitalizations, right heart failure and reduced survival. Currently, there are no effective therapies for PH-HFpEF, although a number of candidate drugs are being evaluated, including soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, sodium nitrite and endothelin receptor antagonists. In this review we attempt to provide an updated overview of recent findings pertaining to the pulmonary vascular complications in HFpEF in terms of clinical definitions, epidemiology and pathophysiology. Mechanisms leading to pulmonary vascular remodelling in HFpEF, a summary of pre-clinical models of HFpEF and PH-HFpEF, and new candidate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PH-HFpEF are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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33
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McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Fizer B, Pennington A, Szabo-Johnson A, Thompson WL, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Impact of obesity as an independent risk factor for the development of renal injury: implications from rat models of obesity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F316-F327. [PMID: 30539649 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00162.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epidemiological studies within the last few decades have revealed that obesity-associated renal disease is an emerging epidemic and that the increasing prevalence of obesity parallels the increased rate of CKD. This has led to the inclusion of obesity as an independent risk factor for CKD. A major complication when studying the relationship between obesity and renal injury is that cardiovascular and metabolic disorders that may result from obesity including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, or the cluster of these disorders [defined as the metabolic syndrome, (MetS)] also contribute to the development and progression of renal disease. The associations between hyperglycemia and hypertension with renal disease have been reported extensively in patients suffering from obesity. Currently, there are several obese rodent models (high-fat diet-induced obesity and leptin signaling dysfunction) that exhibit characteristics of MetS. However, the available obese rodent models currently have not been used to investigate the impact of obesity alone on the development of renal injury before hypertension and/or hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the incidence and severity of renal disease in these rodent models of obesity and determine which models are suitable to study the independent effects obesity on the development and progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Brianca Fizer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alyssa Pennington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley Szabo-Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Willie L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Mathematical model of hemodynamic mechanisms and consequences of glomerular hypertension in diabetic mice. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 5:2. [PMID: 30564457 PMCID: PMC6288095 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many preclinically promising therapies for diabetic kidney disease fail to provide efficacy in humans, reflecting limited quantitative translational understanding between rodent models and human disease. To quantitatively bridge interspecies differences, we adapted a mathematical model of renal function from human to mice, and incorporated adaptive and pathological mechanisms of diabetes and nephrectomy to describe experimentally observed changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria in db/db and db/db UNX (uninephrectomy) mouse models. Changing a small number of parameters, the model reproduced interspecies differences in renal function. Accounting for glucose and Na+ reabsorption through sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), increasing blood glucose and Na+ intake from normal to db/db levels mathematically reproduced glomerular hyperfiltration observed experimentally in db/db mice. This resulted from increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption, which elevated glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pgc) in order to restore sodium balance through increased GFR. Incorporating adaptive and injurious effects of elevated Pgc, we showed that preglomerular arteriole hypertrophy allowed more direct transmission of pressure to the glomerulus with a smaller mean arterial pressure rise; Glomerular hypertrophy allowed a higher GFR for a given Pgc; and Pgc-driven glomerulosclerosis and nephron loss reduced GFR over time, while further increasing Pgc and causing moderate proteinuria, in agreement with experimental data. UNX imposed on diabetes increased Pgc further, causing faster GFR decline and extensive proteinuria, also in agreement with experimental data. The model provides a mechanistic explanation for hyperfiltration and proteinuria progression that will facilitate translation of efficacy for novel therapies from mouse models to human. Many drugs for diabetic kidney disease appear to work in rodents, but fail in humans, reflecting incomplete understanding of disease processes. A team led by Melissa Hallow at the University of Georgia has developed a mathematical model that explains how elevated blood glucose in diabetes causes kidney injury in mice. They first showed that normal human, rat, or mouse kidney physiology could be reproduced with the same model by changing a small number of parameters. They then showed that diabetes-induced increases in sodium reabsorption cause unintuitive changes in kidney function that increase pressure on glomerular capillaries, causing protein leakage and nephron loss. The model reproduced faster disease progression observed in diabetic mice who have had one kidney removed. This mathematical understanding of diabetic kidney injury may improve translation of novel therapies from mice to human.
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Hye Khan MA, Kolb L, Skibba M, Hartmann M, Blöcher R, Proschak E, Imig JD. A novel dual PPAR-γ agonist/sEH inhibitor treats diabetic complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2235-2246. [PMID: 30032428 PMCID: PMC6563928 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk correlates that can progress to type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to evaluate a novel molecule with a dual action against the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We developed and tested a novel dual modulator, RB394, which acts as a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist in rat models of the metabolic syndrome-the obese spontaneously hypertensive (SHROB) rat and the obese diabetic Zucker fatty/spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1) rat. In SHROB rats we studied the ability of RB394 to prevent metabolic syndrome phenotypes, while in ZSF1 obese diabetic rats we compared RB394 with the ACE inhibitor enalapril in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated comorbid conditions. RB394 (10 mg/kg daily) and enalapril (10 mg/kg daily) were administered orally for 8 weeks. RESULTS RB394 blunted the development of hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and kidney injury in SHROB rats and reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, improved glucose tolerance, reduced blood pressure and improved lipid profiles in obese ZSF1 rats. A reduction in liver fibrosis and hepatosteatosis was evident in RB394-treated obese ZSF1 rats. Unlike RB394, enalapril did not demonstrate any positive effects in relation to diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or liver dysfunction in obese ZSF1 rats. RB394 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular and glomerular injury in obese diabetic ZSF1 rats. Intriguingly, enalapril demonstrated a weaker action against diabetic nephropathy in obese ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate that a novel sHE inhibitor/PPAR-γ agonist molecule targets multiple risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and is a glucose-lowering agent with a strong ability to treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Lauren Kolb
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Melissa Skibba
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Markus Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René Blöcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Su Z, Widomski D, Nikkel A, Leys L, Namovic M, Donnelly-Roberts D, Gopalakrishnan M, McGaraughty S. Losartan improves renal function and pathology in obese ZSF-1 rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:281-290. [PMID: 29397387 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Losartan, a blocker of the angiotensin II type I receptor, is an important part of the standard of care for diabetic nephropathy (DN). The obese ZSF-1 rats display many aspects of the clinical features of human Type II DN. The current study was designed to examine the treatment effects of losartan on obese ZSF-1 rats and to evaluate the impact of the onset of dosing on efficacy. METHODS The rats (7-10 weeks) underwent a right uninephrectomy (Unx) or sham surgery. Losartan (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) was dosed 3 or 9 weeks post-Unx and continued for 12 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with losartan reduced urinary protein excretion and blood lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol) dose-dependently in both studies. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly lower in obese ZSF-1 rats compared with those in lean rats, and losartan was efficacious against this endpoint, in particular with the earlier onset of treatment. Losartan also decreased tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and similar to GFR, earlier treatment conferred beneficial actions even at the lowest dose of 3 mg/kg. Several urinary biomarkers were elevated in the obese ZSF-1 rats, but the levels of sTNFR1, TIMP-1, L-FABP and KIM-1 were the only markers decreased by losartan. CONCLUSIONS Losartan was renoprotective in the ZSF-1 rats with DN, improving both the pathological and functional parameters of the disease. Importantly, the data also highlight the importance of treatment at earlier stages of the disease for protecting against decline in the GFR and the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- AbbVie Research and Development, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | - Arthur Nikkel
- AbbVie Research and Development, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Laura Leys
- AbbVie Research and Development, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Marian Namovic
- AbbVie Research and Development, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Borges Canha M, Portela-Cidade JP, Conceição G, Sousa-Mendes C, Leite S, Fontoura D, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Falcão-Pires I, Lourenço A, Leite-Moreira A, Pimentel-Nunes P. Characterization of liver changes in ZSF1 rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2018; 109:491-497. [PMID: 28593786 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2017.4575/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic counterpart of the metabolic syndrome. ZSF1 rats are a metabolic syndrome animal model in which liver changes have not been described yet. AIM The characterization of liver histological and innate immunity changes in ZSF1 rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were included (n = 7 each group): healthy Wistar-Kyoto control rats (Ctrl), hypertensive ZSF1 lean (Ln), ZSF1 obese rats with a normal diet (Ob), ZSF1 obese rates with a high-fat diet (Ob-HFD), and ZSF1 obese rats with low-intensity exercise training (Ob-Ex). The animals were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age, their livers were collected for: a) measurements of the area of steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation (histomorphological analysis); and b) innate immunity (toll-like receptor [TLR] 2, TLR4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ [PPARγ], toll interacting protein [TOLLIP]) and inflammatory marker (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFα], interleukin 1 [IL-1]) expression analysis by real-time PCR. RESULTS Ob, Ob-HFD and Ob-Ex were significantly heavier than Ln and Ctrl animals. Ob, Ob-HFD and Ob-Ex animals had impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. ZSF1 Ob, Ob-HFD and Ob-Ex presented a higher degree of steatosis (3,5x; p < 0.05) than Ctrl or ZSF1 Ln rats. Steatohepatitis and fibrosis were not observed in any of the groups. No differences in expression were observed between Ctrl, Ln and Ob animals (except for the significantly higher expression of TOLLIP observed in the Ob vs Ln comparison). Ob-HFD and Ob-Ex rats showed increased expression of PPARγ and TOLLIP as compared to other groups. However, both groups also showed increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Nevertheless, this did not translate into a differential expression of TNFα or IL-1 in any of the groups. CONCLUSION The ZSF1 model is associated with liver steatosis but not with steatohepatitis or a significantly increased expression of innate immunity or inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borges Canha
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Glória Conceição
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | | | - Sara Leite
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | | | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | - André Lourenço
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
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38
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Edmonds DJ, Kung DW, Kalgutkar AS, Filipski KJ, Ebner DC, Cabral S, Smith AC, Aspnes GE, Bhattacharya SK, Borzilleri KA, Brown JA, Calabrese MF, Caspers NL, Cokorinos EC, Conn EL, Dowling MS, Eng H, Feng B, Fernando DP, Genung NE, Herr M, Kurumbail RG, Lavergne SY, Lee ECY, Li Q, Mathialagan S, Miller RA, Panteleev J, Polivkova J, Rajamohan F, Reyes AR, Salatto CT, Shavnya A, Thuma BA, Tu M, Ward J, Withka JM, Xiao J, Cameron KO. Optimization of Metabolic and Renal Clearance in a Series of Indole Acid Direct Activators of 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). J Med Chem 2018; 61:2372-2383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin J. Filipski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David C. Ebner
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C. Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary E. Aspnes
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kris A. Borzilleri
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Janice A. Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Calabrese
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole L. Caspers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emily C. Cokorinos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S. Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bo Feng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie P. Fernando
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nathan E. Genung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Herr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sophie Y. Lavergne
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Esther C.-Y. Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qifang Li
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sumathy Mathialagan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Russell A. Miller
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jane Panteleev
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Francis Rajamohan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allan R. Reyes
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher T. Salatto
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Thuma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Ward
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jane M. Withka
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly O. Cameron
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Cellular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome-related atrial decompensation in a rat model of HFpEF. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 115:10-19. [PMID: 29289652 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is present in about 50% of HF patients. Atrial remodeling is common in HFpEF and associated with increased mortality. We postulate that atrial remodeling is associated with atrial dysfunction in vivo related to alterations in cardiomyocyte Calcium (Ca) signaling and remodeling. We examined atrial function in vivo and Ca transients (CaT) (Fluo4-AM, field stim) in atrial cardiomyocytes of ZSF-1 rats without (Ln; lean hypertensive) and with metabolic syndrome (Ob; obese, hypertensive, diabetic) and HFpEF. RESULTS At 21weeks Ln showed an increased left ventricular (LV) mass and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), but unchanged left atrial (LA) size and preserved atrial ejection fraction vs. wild-type (WT). CaT amplitude in atrial cardiomyocytes was increased in Ln (2.9±0.2 vs. 2.3±0.2F/F0 in WT; n=22 cells/group; p<0.05). Studying subcellular Ca release in more detail, we found that local central cytosolic CaT amplitude was increased, while subsarcolemmal CaT amplitudes remained unchanged. Moreover, Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca content (caffeine) was preserved while Ca spark frequency and tetracaine-dependent SR Ca leak were significantly increased in Ln. Ob mice developed a HFpEF phenotype in vivo, LA area was significantly increased and atrial in vivo function was impaired, despite increased atrial CaT amplitudes in vitro (2.8±0.2; p<0.05 vs. WT). Ob cells showed alterations of the tubular network possibly contributing to the observed phenotype. CaT kinetics as well as SR Ca in Ob were not significantly different from WT, but SR Ca leak remained increased. Angiotensin II (Ang II) reduced in vitro cytosolic CaT amplitudes and let to active nuclear Ca release in Ob but not in Ln or WT. SUMMARY In hypertensive ZSF-1 rats, a possibly compensatory increase of cytosolic CaT amplitude and increased SR Ca leak precede atrial remodeling and HFpEF. Atrial remodeling in ZSF-1 HFpEF is associated with an altered tubular network in-vitro and atrial contractile dysfunction in vivo, indicating insufficient compensation. Atrial cardiomyocyte dysfunction in vitro is induced by the addition of angiotensin II.
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Dower K, Zhao S, Schlerman FJ, Savary L, Campanholle G, Johnson BG, Xi L, Nguyen V, Zhan Y, Lech MP, Wang J, Nie Q, Karsdal MA, Genovese F, Boucher G, Brown TP, Zhang B, Homer BL, Martinez RV. High resolution molecular and histological analysis of renal disease progression in ZSF1 fa/faCP rats, a model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181861. [PMID: 28746409 PMCID: PMC5529026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ZSF1 rats exhibit spontaneous nephropathy secondary to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, and have gained interest as a model system with potentially high translational value to progressive human disease. To thoroughly characterize this model, and to better understand how closely it recapitulates human disease, we performed a high resolution longitudinal analysis of renal disease progression in ZSF1 rats spanning from early disease to end stage renal disease. Analyses included metabolic endpoints, renal histology and ultrastructure, evaluation of a urinary biomarker of fibrosis, and transcriptome analysis of glomerular-enriched tissue over the course of disease. Our findings support the translational value of the ZSF1 rat model, and are provided here to assist researchers in the determination of the model’s suitability for testing a particular mechanism of interest, the design of therapeutic intervention studies, and the identification of new targets and biomarkers for type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KD); (RVM)
| | - Shanrong Zhao
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Franklin J. Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leigh Savary
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Campanholle
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bryce G. Johnson
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Xi
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vuong Nguyen
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yutian Zhan
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Lech
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ju Wang
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qing Nie
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Germaine Boucher
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Brown
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Homer
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Martinez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KD); (RVM)
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41
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Daily Intake of Grape Powder Prevents the Progression of Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic ZSF1 Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040345. [PMID: 28362355 PMCID: PMC5409684 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals living with metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes and obesity are at high risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the beneficial effect of whole grape powder (WGP) diet on MetS-associated CKD. Obese diabetic ZSF1 rats, a kidney disease model with MetS, were fed WGP (5%, w/w) diet for six months. Kidney disease was determined using blood and urine chemical analyses, and histology. When compared to Vehicle controls, WGP intake did not change the rat bodyweight, but lowered their kidney, liver and spleen weight, which were in parallel with the lower serum glucose and the higher albumin or albumin/globin ratio. More importantly, WGP intake improved the renal function as urination and proteinuria decreased, or it prevented kidney tissue damage in these diabetic rats. The renal protection of WGP diet was associated with up-regulation of antioxidants (Dhcr24, Gstk1, Prdx2, Sod2, Gpx1 and Gpx4) and downregulation of Txnip (for ROS production) in the kidneys. Furthermore, addition of grape extract reduced H2O2-induced cell death of cultured podocytes. In conclusion, daily intake of WGP reduces the progression of kidney disease in obese diabetic rats, suggesting a protective function of antioxidant-rich grape diet against CKD in the setting of MetS.
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42
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Salatto CT, Miller RA, Cameron KO, Cokorinos E, Reyes A, Ward J, Calabrese MF, Kurumbail RG, Rajamohan F, Kalgutkar AS, Tess DA, Shavnya A, Genung NE, Edmonds DJ, Jatkar A, Maciejewski BS, Amaro M, Gandhok H, Monetti M, Cialdea K, Bollinger E, Kreeger JM, Coskran TM, Opsahl AC, Boucher GG, Birnbaum MJ, DaSilva-Jardine P, Rolph T. Selective Activation of AMPK β1-Containing Isoforms Improves Kidney Function in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:303-311. [PMID: 28289077 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy remains an area of high unmet medical need, with current therapies that slow down, but do not prevent, the progression of disease. A reduced phosphorylation state of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been correlated with diminished kidney function in both humans and animal models of renal disease. Here, we describe the identification of novel, potent, small molecule activators of AMPK that selectively activate AMPK heterotrimers containing the β1 subunit. After confirming that human and rodent kidney predominately express AMPK β1, we explore the effects of pharmacological activation of AMPK in the ZSF1 rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Chronic administration of these direct activators elevates the phosphorylation of AMPK in the kidney, without impacting blood glucose levels, and reduces the progression of proteinuria to a greater degree than the current standard of care, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. Further analyses of urine biomarkers and kidney tissue gene expression reveal AMPK activation leads to the modulation of multiple pathways implicated in kidney injury, including cellular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. These results support the need for further investigation into the potential beneficial effects of AMPK activation in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Salatto
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Russell A Miller
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly O Cameron
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Emily Cokorinos
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Allan Reyes
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jessica Ward
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Matthew F Calabrese
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Ravi G Kurumbail
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Francis Rajamohan
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - David A Tess
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Andre Shavnya
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Nathan E Genung
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - David J Edmonds
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Aditi Jatkar
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin S Maciejewski
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Marina Amaro
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Harmeet Gandhok
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mara Monetti
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Katherine Cialdea
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Eliza Bollinger
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - John M Kreeger
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Timothy M Coskran
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Alan C Opsahl
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Germaine G Boucher
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Tim Rolph
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
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Su Z, Widomski D, Ma J, Namovic M, Nikkel A, Leys L, Olson L, Salte K, Donnelly-Roberts D, Esbenshade T, McGaraughty S. Longitudinal Changes in Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal Fibrosis and Biomarkers in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2016; 44:339-353. [PMID: 27736813 PMCID: PMC5389169 DOI: 10.1159/000449324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese ZSF-1 rats display many features of human type II diabetes including nephropathy (DN). The study aimed to further understand the relevance of this model to DN, for which glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal fibrosis and several urinary/tissue biomarkers was followed over 24 weeks in ZSF-1 rats. METHODS Intact/sham or uninephrectomized male and female ZSF-1 rats were studied. GFR was measured by transdermal clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sinistrin. Urine was collected every 2-4 weeks for biomarker analysis. Renal tissue was examined histologically for fibrosis and for levels of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. RESULTS Male obese ZSF-1 rats demonstrated metabolic syndrome and proteinuria. Female counterparts were hyperlipidemic with delayed proteinuria, but were not hyperglycemic. Kidney hyperfiltration was observed in male obese rats in weeks 2-4 after surgery, and subsequently declined to levels significantly lower than controls. Tubulointerstitial/glomerular fibrosis in male obese rats was significantly elevated by week 12 post surgery and continued to expand in the ensuing weeks, particularly in uninephrectomized rats. Female rats had less severe fibrosis. Except for epidermal growth factor which decreased, the levels of several key inflammatory, injury and fibrotic factors were elevated in both tissue (mRNA) and urine (protein) of male obese rats. CONCLUSION Male obese ZSF-1 rats represent an important DN model, manifesting key pathophysiological features including metabolic syndrome, proteinuria, progressive tubular and glomerular fibrosis, and transient hyperfiltration followed by progressive decline in renal function. Uninephrectomy significantly accelerated disease progression. Females were less severe in disease manifestation. Several urinary and tissue biomarkers were identified in the male obese rats that tracked with disease progression.
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Rani N, Bharti S, Tomar A, Dinda AK, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Inhibition of PARP activation by enalapril is crucial for its renoprotective effect in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1226-1236. [PMID: 27571604 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1228923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced PARP activation has been recognized to be a main factor in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Accumulating literature has revealed that ACE inhibitors may exert beneficial effect in several disease models via preventing PARP activation. Based on this hypothesis, we have evaluated the renoprotective effect of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, and its underlying mechanism(s) in cisplatin-induced renal injury in rats. Male Albino Wistar rats were orally administered normal saline or enalapril (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for 10 days. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single dose of cisplatin (8 mg/kg; i.p.) on the 7th day. The animals were thereafter sacrificed on the 11th day and both the kidneys were excised and processed for biochemical, histopathological, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies. Enalapril (40 mg/kg) significantly prevented cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction. In comparison to cisplatin-treated group, the elevation of BUN and creatinine levels was significantly less in this group. This improvement in kidney injury markers was well substantiated with reduced PARP expression along with phosphorylation of MAPKs including JNK/ERK/p38. Enalapril, in a dose-dependent fashion, attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by augmented GSH, SOD and catalase activities, reduced TBARS and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHDG), and Nox-4 protein expression. Moreover, enalapril dose dependently inhibited cisplatin-induced inflammation (NF-κB/IKK-β/IL-6/Cox-2/TNF-α expressions), apoptosis (increased Bcl-2 and reduced p53, cytochrome c, Bax and caspase-3 expressions, and TUNEL/DAPI positivity) and preserved the structural integrity of the kidney. Thus, enalapril attenuated cisplatin-induced renal injury via inhibiting PARP activation and subsequent MAPKs/TNF-α/NF-κB mediated inflammatory and apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Saurabh Bharti
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Ameesha Tomar
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- b Department of Pathology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - D S Arya
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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45
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Cameron KO, Kung DW, Kalgutkar AS, Kurumbail RG, Miller R, Salatto CT, Ward J, Withka JM, Bhattacharya SK, Boehm M, Borzilleri KA, Brown JA, Calabrese M, Caspers NL, Cokorinos E, Conn EL, Dowling MS, Edmonds DJ, Eng H, Fernando DP, Frisbie R, Hepworth D, Landro J, Mao Y, Rajamohan F, Reyes AR, Rose CR, Ryder T, Shavnya A, Smith AC, Tu M, Wolford AC, Xiao J. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8068-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O. Cameron
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Russell Miller
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher T. Salatto
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica Ward
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jane M. Withka
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Markus Boehm
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kris A. Borzilleri
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Janice A. Brown
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew Calabrese
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole L. Caspers
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emily Cokorinos
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S. Dowling
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie P. Fernando
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Richard Frisbie
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James Landro
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yuxia Mao
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Francis Rajamohan
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allan R. Reyes
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Colin R. Rose
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tim Ryder
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C. Smith
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela C. Wolford
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, ⊥Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, #Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, ○Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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van Dijk CGM, Oosterhuis NR, Xu YJ, Brandt M, Paulus WJ, van Heerebeek L, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Fontoura D, Lourenço AP, Leite-Moreira AF, Falcão-Pires I, Joles JA, Cheng C. Distinct Endothelial Cell Responses in the Heart and Kidney Microvasculature Characterize the Progression of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Obese ZSF1 Rat With Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002760. [PMID: 27056881 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of cardiac and renal disease driven by metabolic risk factors, referred to as cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRMS), is increasingly recognized as a critical pathological entity. The contribution of (micro)vascular injury to CRMS is considered to be substantial. However, mechanistic studies are hampered by lack of in vivo models that mimic the natural onset of the disease. Here, we evaluated the coronary and renal microvasculature during CRMS development in obese diabetic Zucker fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiographic, urine, and blood evaluations were conducted in 3 groups (Wistar-Kyoto, lean ZSF1, and obese ZSF1) at 20 and 25 weeks of age. Immunohistological evaluation of renal and cardiac tissues was conducted at both time points. At 20 and 25 weeks, obese ZSF1 rats showed higher body weight, significant left ventricular hypertrophy, and impaired diastolic function compared with all other groups. Indices of systolic function did not differ between groups. Obese ZSF1 rats developed hyperproliferative vascular foci in the subendocardium, which lacked microvascular organization and were predilection sites of inflammation and fibrosis. In the kidney, obese ZSF1 animals showed regression of the peritubular and glomerular microvasculature, accompanied by tubulointerstitial damage, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS The obese ZSF1 rat strain is a suitable in vivo model for CRMS, sharing characteristics with the human syndrome during the earliest onset of disease. In these rats, CRMS induces microvascular fibrotic responses in heart and kidneys, associated with functional impairment of both organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G M van Dijk
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nynke R Oosterhuis
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maarten Brandt
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Walter J Paulus
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - André P Lourenço
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaap A Joles
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Cheng
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.G.M.v.D., N.R.O., Y.J.X., M.C.V., J.A.J., C.C.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.P., L.v.H.); Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.B., D.J.D., C.C.); Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D.F., A.P.L., A.F.L.-M., I.F.-P.); Departments of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal.
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47
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McPherson KC, Taylor L, Johnson AC, Didion SP, Geurts AM, Garrett MR, Williams JM. Early development of podocyte injury independently of hyperglycemia and elevations in arterial pressure in nondiabetic obese Dahl SS leptin receptor mutant rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F793-F804. [PMID: 27465994 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00590.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of obesity on the development of renal injury within the genetic background of the Dahl salt-sensitive rat with a dysfunctional leptin receptor derived from zinc-finger nucleases (SSLepRmutant strain). At 6 wk of age, body weight was 35% higher in the SSLepRmutant strain compared with SSWT rats and remained elevated throughout the entire study. The SSLepRmutant strain exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasma insulin levels at 6 wk of age, suggesting insulin resistance while SSWT rats did not. However, blood glucose levels were normal throughout the course of the study. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was similar between the two strains from 6 to 10 wk of age. However, by 18 wk of age, the development of hypertension was more severe in the SSLepRmutant strain compared with SSWT rats (201 ± 10 vs. 155 ± 3 mmHg, respectively). Interestingly, proteinuria was substantially higher at 6 wk of age in the SSLepRmutant strain vs. SSWT rats (241 ± 27 vs. 24 ± 2 mg/day, respectively) and remained elevated until the end of the study. The kidneys from the SSLepRmutant strain displayed significant glomerular injury, including podocyte foot process effacement and lipid droplets compared with SSWT rats as early as 6 wk of age. By 18 wk of age, plasma creatinine levels were twofold higher in the SSLepRmutant strain vs. SSWT rats, suggesting the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Overall, these results indicate that the SSLepRmutant strain develops podocyte injury and proteinuria independently of hyperglycemia and elevated arterial pressure that later progresses to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Lateia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Sean P Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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48
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Tofovic SP, Salah EM, Smits GJ, Whalley ET, Ticho B, Deykin A, Jackson EK. Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:333-40. [PMID: 26585572 PMCID: PMC4727158 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Current treatment options are limited. Here, we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B adenosine receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 rats, an animal model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome. The combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist 3-[4-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purin-8-yl)-1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl]propanoic acid (BG9928) was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 rats (n = 10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks of age). Untreated ZSF1 rats (n = 9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, BG9928 significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (in mg/dl: control group, 4351 ± 550; BG9928 group, 2900 ± 551) without adversely affecting plasma cholesterol or activating renin release. BG9928 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary glucose excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 823 ± 179; BG9928 group, 196 ± 80) and improved oral glucose tolerance, polydipsia, and polyuria. BG9928 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a reduction in cardiac vasculitis and cardiac necrosis. BG9928 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 1702 ± 263; BG9928 group, 1076 ± 238), and this was associated with a reduction in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that, in a model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome, A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves hyperlipidemia, exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in patients with HFpEF, in particular those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan P Tofovic
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eman M Salah
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Glenn J Smits
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eric T Whalley
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Barry Ticho
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Aaron Deykin
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
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Lai YC, Tabima DM, Dube JJ, Hughan KS, Vanderpool RR, Goncharov DA, St Croix CM, Garcia-Ocaña A, Goncharova EA, Tofovic SP, Mora AL, Gladwin MT. SIRT3-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation by Nitrite and Metformin Improves Hyperglycemia and Normalizes Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2016; 133:717-31. [PMID: 26813102 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly recognized clinical complication of metabolic syndrome. No adequate animal model of PH-HFpEF is available, and no effective therapies have been identified to date. A recent study suggested that dietary nitrate improves insulin resistance in endothelial nitric oxide synthase null mice, and multiple studies have reported that both nitrate and its active metabolite, nitrite, have therapeutic activity in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of nitrite in metabolic syndrome associated with PH-HFpEF, we developed a 2-hit PH-HFpEF model in rats with multiple features of metabolic syndrome attributable to double-leptin receptor defect (obese ZSF1) with the combined treatment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blocker SU5416. Chronic oral nitrite treatment improved hyperglycemia in obese ZSF1 rats by a process that requires skeletal muscle SIRT3-AMPK-GLUT4 signaling. The glucose-lowering effect of nitrite was abolished in SIRT3-deficient human skeletal muscle cells, and in SIRT3 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet, as well. Skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with metabolic syndrome after 12 weeks of oral sodium nitrite and nitrate treatment (IND#115926) displayed increased activation of SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Finally, early treatments with nitrite and metformin at the time of SU5416 injection reduced pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling in the PH-HFpEF model with robust activation of skeletal muscle SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS These studies validate a rodent model of metabolic syndrome and PH-HFpEF, suggesting a potential role of nitrite and metformin as a preventative treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lai
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Diana M Tabima
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - John J Dube
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Kara S Hughan
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Rebecca R Vanderpool
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Dmitry A Goncharov
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Elena A Goncharova
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Stevan P Tofovic
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Ana L Mora
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Y.-C.L., D.M.T., K.S.H., R.R.V., D.A.G., E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (J.J.D.); Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (K.S.H.); Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.M.St.C.); Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.G.-O.); and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (E.A.G., S.P.T., A.L.M., M.T.G.).
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Semiautomated quantitative image analysis of glomerular immunohistochemistry markers desmin, vimentin, podocin, synaptopodin and WT-1 in acute and chronic rat kidney disease models. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:315-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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