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de Toledo RB, de Faria OAC, Leme LO, Magnabosco CU, Guimarães R, Eifert EDC, Dos Santos IR, Oliveira RV, Dode MAN, Malaquias JV, Pivato I, Martins CF. Effect of food supplementation on in vitro embryo production and growth performance in prepubertal Nelore heifers. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:5087-5096. [PMID: 37975200 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2279612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro embryos production from prepubertal heifers can help contribute to breeding programs; however, strategies are necessary to increase their embryo production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two nutritional plans on oocyte recovery, embryo production and growth performance of prepubertal Nelore heifers. Thirty-four Nelore heifers with age of 6.5 months were divided into two feeding treatments (NP1 and NP2). The NP1 diets served as the control and NP2 diets were formulated to contain an average of 1.22-fold more energy than NP1. After 3 months of supplementation, the animals underwent follicular aspiration (ovum pick-up, OPU) every 21 d for 3 months and embryos were produced in vitro. Wither height, chest depth, body weight and subcutaneous fat of animals were measured. The number of retrieved and viable oocytes per OPU were 1.49-fold and 1.42-fold greater in NP2 heifers (p = 0.018 and p = 0.049, respectively) than those in NP1 heifers. Heifers administered NP2 produced 29.7% blastocysts, a percentage higher than NP1 animals that produced 24.40% embryos (p < 0.05). Consequently, females in the NP2 treatment showed improved body development. These results indicate a positive effect of a higher energy diet on assisted reproduction and body development in prepubertal heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Braz de Toledo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Otávio Augusto Costa de Faria
- University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ligiane Oliveira Leme
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Guimarães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Margot Alves Nunes Dode
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Pivato
- University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Khan S, Jamal MA, Khan IM, Ullah I, Jabbar A, Khan NM, Liu Y. Factors affecting superovulation induction in goats ( Capra hericus): An analysis of various approaches. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1152103. [PMID: 37035816 PMCID: PMC10079885 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Goats are generally called a "poor man's cow" because they not only provide meat and milk but also other assistance to their owners, including skins for leather production and their waste, which can be used as compost for fertilizer. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) is an important process in embryo biotechnology, as it increases the contribution of superior female goats to breeding operations. The field of assisted reproductive biotechnologies has seen notable progress. However, unlike in cattle, the standard use of superovulation and other reproductive biotechnologies has not been widely implemented for goats. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors can alter the superovulatory response, significantly restricting the practicability of MOET technology. The use of techniques to induce superovulation is a crucial step in embryo transfer (ET), as it accelerates the propagation of animals with superior genetics for desirable traits. Furthermore, the conventional superovulation techniques based on numerous injections are not appropriate for animals and are labor-intensive as well as expensive. Different approaches and alternatives have been applied to obtain the maximum ovarian response, including immunization against inhibin and the day-0 protocol for the synchronization of the first follicular wave. While there are several studies available in the literature on superovulation in cattle, research on simplified superovulation in goats is limited; only a few studies have been conducted on this topic. This review describes the various treatments with gonadotropin that are used for inducing superovulation in various dairy goat breeds worldwide. The outcomes of these treatments, in terms of ovulation rate and recovery of transferrable embryos, are also discussed. Furthermore, this review also covers the recovery of oocytes through repeated superovulation from the same female goat that is used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
- The Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
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Fernlund Isaksson E, Fitzpatrick JL. Examining the potential for resource-dependent female reproductive fluid-sperm interactive effects in a livebearing fish. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:709-719. [PMID: 36891998 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexually selected traits can be costly to produce and maintain. The amount of resources available to an individual is therefore expected to influence investment in costly sexual traits. While resource-dependent expression of sexually selected traits has traditionally been examined in males, resource limitation can also influence how sexual selection operates in females. Female reproductive fluids are thought to be costly to produce and may play an important role in shaping the outcome of postcopulatory sexual selection by influencing sperm performance. However, we know surprisingly little about whether and how female reproductive fluids are influenced by resource limitation. Here, we examine if resource restriction influences female reproductive fluid-sperm interactive effects in the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei), a small internally fertilizing freshwater fish where females store sperm. After experimentally altering female diets (high vs. restricted diets), we compared how female reproductive fluids influence two key metrics of sperm quality: sperm viability and velocity. While female reproductive fluids enhanced sperm viability and velocity, we found no evidence that female diet influenced the interactive effect between female reproductive fluids and sperm viability or velocity. Our findings build on the growing evidence that female reproductive fluids influence sperm performance and call for further attention to be devoted to understanding how resource quantity and quality influence how female reproductive fluids affect sperm performance.
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Insights into Transcriptomic Differences in Ovaries between Lambs and Adult Sheep after Superovulation Treatment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040665. [PMID: 36830452 PMCID: PMC9951745 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Superovulation technology shows a great potential for shortening breeding time. Using the juvenile superovulation technology, juvenile animals can generate more follicles than adult animals. By sequencing using high-throughput methods, we studied and described differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the ovaries of young and adult sheep. Herein, 242 DE lncRNAs and 3150 DE mRNAs were screened. Through GO and KEGG analyses, we obtained genes related to ovarian/follicle development and ovulation in DE mRNAs, including OaFSHR, OaLHCGR, OaLDLR, OaZP3, OaSCARB1, and OaPDGFRA; through lncRNA-mRNA correlation analysis, we found that genes associated with ovarian/follicle development or ovulation include: XR_003585520.1, MSTRG.15652.1, XR_003588840.1, and their paired genes PDGFC, LRP5, and LRP1. We observed a synergistic effect between PDGFR and LRP1. PDGFR may play a leading role compared with LRP1. The induced LHCGR in lambs is higher than in adult sheep, showing more sensitivity to LH. The release of the oocytes was stimulated. Among the three lncRNAs, we found that XR_003588840.1 was significantly different and might perform a regulatory role in ovarian/follicle growth or ovulation.
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Singh P, Anjum S, Srivastava RK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. Central and peripheral neuropeptide RFRP-3: A bridge linking reproduction, nutrition, and stress response. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100979. [PMID: 35122778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is an amalgamation of the current status of RFRP-3 (GnIH) in reproduction and its association with the nutrition and stress-mediated changes in the reproductive activities. GnIH has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus of all the vertebrates studied so far and is a well-known inhibitor of GnRH mediated reproduction. The RFRP-3 neurons interact with the other hypothalamic neurons and the hormonal signals from peripheral organs for coordinating the nutritional, stress, and environmental associated changes to regulate reproduction. RFRP-3 has also been shown to regulate puberty, reproductive cyclicity and senescence depending upon the nutritional status. A favourable nutritional status and the environmental cues which are permissive for the successful breeding and pregnancy outcome keep RFRP-3 level low, whereas unfavourable nutritional status and stressful conditions increase the expression of RFRP-3 which impairs the reproduction. Still our knowledge about RFRP-3 is incomplete regarding its therapeutic application for nutritional or stress-related reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Shabana Anjum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima University 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
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Towards Improving the Outcomes of Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer in Sheep, with Particular Focus on Donor Superovulation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030117. [PMID: 35324845 PMCID: PMC8953989 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable improvements in sheep multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)protocols have been made; however, unlike for cattle, MOET is poorly developed in sheep, and thus has not been broadly applicable as a routine procedure. The tightly folded nature of the ewe cervix, the inconsistent ovarian response to various superovulatory treatments, and the requirement of labor to handle animals, particularly during large-scale production, has limited the implementation of successful MOET in sheep. Moreover, several extrinsic factors (e.g., sources, the purity of gonadotrophins and their administration) and intrinsic factors (e.g., breed, age, nutrition, reproductive status) severely limit the practicability of MOET in sheep and other domestic animals. In this review, we summarize the effects of different superovulatory protocols, and their respective ovarian responses, in terms of ovulation rate, and embryo recovery and transfer. Furthermore, various strategies, such as inhibin immunization, conventional superovulation protocols, and melatonin implants for improving the ovarian response, are discussed in detail. Other reproductive techniques and their relative advantages and disadvantages, such as artificial insemination (AI), and donor embryo recovery and transfer to the recipient through different procedures, which must be taken into consideration for achieving satisfactory results during any MOET program in sheep, are also summarized in this article.
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In vitro embryo production from early antral follicles of goats fed with a whole full-fat linseed based diet. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:194-199. [PMID: 34530946 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use an in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) biotechnique as a tool to evaluate the influence of whole flaxseed as a feed supplementation in the diet on the in vitro development of caprine early antral follicles (EAFs) and further embryo production. In total, 18 adult goats were homogeneously allocated into two diet groups: Control and Flaxseed. EAFs from both experimental groups (300-400 µm) were isolated and cultured in vitro for 18 days. After IVFC, recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes were submitted to in vitro maturation, and subsequently to IVF and in vitro embryo culture. The endpoints evaluated were follicular growth and morphology, oocyte recovery rate and diameter, sperm penetration, pronuclei formation, embryo development, and estradiol production. The addition of the whole flaxseed in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular growth and diameter. A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes ≥ 110 µm was recovered from the flaxseed treatment. However, the sperm penetration rate was higher (P < 0.05) in the control treatment when compared with the flaxseed treatment, but no differences were found regarding the rate of fertilization nor cleaved embryos. In conclusion, dietary flaxseed increased the recovery rate of fully grown oocytes, but it did negatively affect the sperm penetration rate, even though there was no further effect on the cleavage rate.
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Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Calderón CEM, Rossetto R, Bertolini M, Rondina D. Short-term supplementation of diets rich in lipids or glycogen precursors can affect intra-follicular environment, oocyte mitochondrial gene expression, and embryo development following parthenogenesis in goat. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on the Expression Profile of miRNA in the Ovaries of Yak during Non-Breeding Season. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091640. [PMID: 32933085 PMCID: PMC7552198 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important and remarkable livestock species that survives in the challenging environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive ability is generally lower than cattle. This may be due to the yak living in high altitudes all year round where in the whole year, grasses are only available in July, August, and September (warm season), and from November to the next year of May (cold season), there is a scarcity of pastures. So, the reproductive efficiency of yak is very low. Meanwhile, it has been reported that enhanced nutrition improves the reproductive efficiency of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of supplemental nutrition on the growth traits and reproductive performance of yaks in the cold season. In addition, miRNAs related to yak reproductive traits were screened by miRNA sequencing technology. This research might be helpful for improving the reproductive potential of yak during the non-breeding season. Abstract Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important and remarkable livestock species that survives in the challenging environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive potential is generally lower than cattle. Meanwhile, it has been reported that enhanced nutrition improves the reproductive efficiency of animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the miRNA expression profile in the ovaries of yak during the non-breeding season. The study displayed that non-breeding season supplementation significantly improved growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and reproductive hormone concentrations in yaks. In this study, we also examined the differential expression analysis of miRNA in the ovaries of yak during non-breeding seasons using Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology. As a result, 51 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the experimental group (CS) and control group (CON). Gene Ontology (go) and Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) analysis of target genes showed that beta-alanine metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway attracted our attention. Based on qRT-PCR, seven miRNAs were assessed to verify the accuracy of the library database. We predicted and identified potential miRNA target genes, including LEP, KLF7, VEGFA, GNAQ, GTAT6, and CCND2. miRNA and corresponding target genes may regulate yaks’ seasonal reproduction through their nutritional status. This study will provide an experimental basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of yaks by supplementation in the non-breeding season.
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Paes VM, de Figueiredo JR, Ryan PL, Willard ST, Feugang JM. Comparative Analysis of Porcine Follicular Fluid Proteomes of Small and Large Ovarian Follicles. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050101. [PMID: 32429601 PMCID: PMC7285177 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular fluid is widely used for in vitro oocyte maturation, but its in-depth characterization to extract full beneficial effects remains unclear. Here, we performed both shotgun (nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry or nanoLC-MS/MS) and gel-based (two dimension-differential in-gel electrophoresis or 2D-DIGE) proteomics, followed by functional bioinformatics to compare the proteomes of follicular fluids collected from small (<4 mm) and large (>6-12 mm) follicles of pig ovaries. A total of 2321 unique spots were detected with the 2D-DIGE across small and large follicles, while 2876 proteins with 88% successful annotations were detected with the shotgun approach. The shotgun and 2D-DIGE approaches revealed about 426 and 300 proteins that were respectively common across samples. Six proteins detected with both technical approaches were significantly differently expressed between small and large follicles. Pathways such as estrogen and PI3K-Akt signaling were significantly enriched in small follicles while the complement and coagulation cascades pathways were significantly represented in large follicles. Up-regulated proteins in small follicles were in favor of oocyte maturation, while those in large follicles were involved in the ovulatory process preparation. Few proteins with potential roles during sperm-oocyte interactions were especially detected in FF of large follicles and supporting the potential role of the ovarian FF on the intrafallopian sperm migration and interaction with the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Paes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, CEP, 60740 903 Fortaleza, Brazil;
| | - José R. de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, CEP, 60740 903 Fortaleza, Brazil;
| | - Peter L. Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Scott T. Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-325-7567; Fax: +662-325-8873
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Dorsam ST, Reyaz A, Valkov V, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Redmer DA. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors expression in ovine corpora lutea during luteal phase: effect of nutritional plane and follicle-stimulating hormone treatment. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106391. [PMID: 31731250 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corpus luteum (CL), a transient endocrine gland critical for reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy maintenance, is controlled by numerous regulatory factors. Although LH is widely recognized as the major regulator, other factors may also affect luteal functions. It has been demonstrated that FSH receptors (FSHR) are expressed not only in ovarian follicles but also in other tissues within the reproductive tract, including the CL. To evaluate FSHR expression in nontreated (nonsuperovulated; experiment 1) or FSH-treated (superovulated; experiment 2) sheep fed a control (C; maintenance), excess (O; 2 × C), or restricted (U; 0.6 × C) diet, CL were collected at the early, mid and/or late luteal phases (n = 5-7 per group). Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FSHR were detected in the CL from all groups using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor was immunolocalized to steroidogenic small and large and nonsteroidogenic luteal cells. In both experiments, FSHR protein expression was not affected by stage of luteal development or diet. In experiment 1, expression of mRNA for all FSHR variants was greater (P <0.02 to 0.0003) at the late phase than mid or early luteal phase, and in experiment 2, it was greater (P < 0.001) at the mid than early luteal phase. Plane of nutrition did not affect FSHR mRNA expression. Comparison of FSH-treated with nontreated ewes demonstrated that FSH increased FSHR protein expression by 1.5- to 2-fold (P < 0.0001) in all groups, and mRNA expression by 7- to 30-fold (P < 0.001) for (1) FSHR-1 in all groups except U at the early luteal phase, (2) FSHR-2 in C, O, and U at the mid-phase, but not early luteal phase, and (3) FSHR-3 in U at the mid-luteal phase. Our data demonstrate that (1) FSHRs are expressed in ovine CL at several stages of luteal development, (2) FSHR protein expression does not change during the luteal phase and is not affected by diet, (3) FSHR mRNA expression not only depends on the stage of the estrous cycle but also not affected by diet in nonsuperovulated or superovulated ewes, and (4) in vivo FSH treatment enhanced FSHR protein and/or mRNA expression in the CL depending on diet and phase of the estrous cycle. Presence of FSHR in the CL indicates a regulatory role of FSH in luteal function in sheep. As very little is known about the possible role of FSH and FSHR in luteal functions, further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the endocrine, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of FSH effects on the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
| | - S T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - A Reyaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - V Valkov
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - C S Bass
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - S L Kaminski
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Paes VM, Liao SF, Figueiredo JR, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Feugang JM. Proteome changes of porcine follicular fluid during follicle development. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 31827787 PMCID: PMC6902611 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian follicular fluid influences follicle and oocyte growth, but the fluctuation of its protein content during folliculogenesis has not been comprehensively analyzed. Here we used a shotgun approach and bioinformatics analyses to investigate and compare the proteomes of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) obtained from small (< 4 mm), medium (4–6 mm) and large (> 6–12 mm) follicles. Results Follicular fluid samples containing highest estrogen levels were selected as non-atretic from small (SNA: 26.1 ± 15 ng/mL), medium (MNA: 162 ± 54 ng/mL), and large (LNA: 290 ± 37 ng/mL) follicles for proteomic analyses. We detected 1627, 1699, and 1756 proteins in SNA, MNA, and LNA samples, respectively. Nearly 60–63% of total proteins were specific to each sample, 11–13% were shared in pairwise comparisons, and 247 proteins were shared among all samples. Functional categorization indicated comparable gene ontology (GO) terms distribution per cellular component, molecular function, and biological process categories across samples; however, the ranking of highly significantly enriched GO terms per category revealed differences between samples. The patterns of protein-to-protein interactions varied throughout follicle development, and proteins such as serine protease inhibitor, clade E (SERPINE); plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU); and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR) appeared stage-specific to SNA, MNA, and LNA, respectively. The “complement and coagulation cascades” was the common major pathway. Besides, properdin and fibulin-1 were abundant proteins that appeared absent in LNA samples. Conclusion This study provides extensive and functional analyses of the pFF proteome changes during folliculogenesis and offers the potential for novel biomarker discovery in pFF for oocyte quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Paes
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA.,2Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Jose R Figueiredo
- 2Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Scott T Willard
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
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Heydarnejad A, Ostadhosseini S, Varnosfaderani SR, Jafarpour F, Moghimi A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Supplementation of maturation medium with CoQ10 enhances developmental competence of ovine oocytes through improvement of mitochondrial function. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:812-824. [PMID: 31066163 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) can impair the balance between antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress, and jeopardize embryo development by increasing oxidative stress, reducing energy metabolism, and causing improper meiotic segregation. Balancing the energy production and reduction of oxidative stress can be achieved by supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an electron transporter in the mitochondrial inner membrane. To improve the in vitro production of ovine embryos, we studied the effect of CoQ10 supplementation during the maturation of sheep oocytes. A minimum of 100 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in the presence of 15, 30, or 50 μM CoQ10 in three to five replicates; next, in vitro fertilization and culture in a subset of oocytes were done. Our data revealed that compared to control oocytes or other concentrations of CoQ10, supplementation with 30 µM CoQ10 resulted in a significant increase in blastocyst formation and hatching rates, improved the distribution, relative mass and potential membrane of mitochondria, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species and glutathione and lessened the percentage of oocytes with misaligned chromosomes after spindle assembly. The relative expression levels of apoptosis markers CASPASE3 and BAX were significantly reduced in CoQ10-treated oocytes and cumulus cells whereas the relative expression level of GDF9, an oocyte-specific growth factor, significantly increased. In conclusion, supplementation with CoQ10 improves the quality of COCs and the subsequent developmental competence of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Heydarnejad
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Moghimi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Doyle D, Lonergan P, Diskin M, Pierce K, Kelly A, Stanton C, Waters S, Parr M, Kenny D. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and post-insemination plane of nutrition on systemic concentrations of metabolic analytes, progesterone, hepatic gene expression and embryo development and survival in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2019; 127:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Kumar D, De K, Shekhawat I, Bahadur S, Balaganur K, Naqvi SMK. Combined effect of heat and nutritional stress on superovulation of Malpura ewes in a semi-arid region. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:158-163. [PMID: 30784480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sheep reared in hot semi-arid environments are generally exposed to heat and nutritional stress in some seasons of the year, which affects both production and reproduction. To assess the effect of high ambient temperature and feed scarcity on superovulation, 16 adult Malpura ewes were randomly divided into two groups of 8 animals each. G1 (control) was kept under a shed and offered a maintenance diet, and G2 (combined stress) was subjected to both nutritional (30% less of maintenance diet) and heat (38-44 °C for 6 h/day) stress. Ewes were superovulated without estrus synchronization by a combination of single injection of 200 IU eCG and 8 injections of FSH (Folltropin-V) at 12-h intervals in tapering doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, starting from the day 7 of natural estrus. eCG was given with the first injection and PGF2α (10 mg) was given with the second last FSH injection. G2 increased respiration rate and rectal temperature (P < 0.01), and blood urea level (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased average daily gain, plasma T4 concentration (P < 0.01) and body weight (P < 0.05). Plasma estradiol level was lower (P < 0.05) in G2 ewes as compared to control (G1) ewes. However, the number of ewes showed a superovulatory response (88 vs 66% ewes ≥ 3 corpus luteum), ovulation rate (8.75 vs 5.88) and embryo production (5.5 vs 3.9) decreased, and the number of large follicles (anovulation) increased (1.0 vs 2.14) in G2 ewes. G2 had a comparable effect on the superovulatory response compared to control ewes although physiological changes occurred as an adaptive mechanism to stress. Therefore, the well-adapted cyclic sheep of the semi-arid region may be used for superovulation despite the stressful condition of heat exposure and nutritional insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kalyan De
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Indu Shekhawat
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saumya Bahadur
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishnappa Balaganur
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India
| | - S M K Naqvi
- Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304501, Rajasthan, India
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16
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Ebel KK, Leke E, Thammasiri J, Kraisoon A, Navanukraw C, Holst M, Shelton M, Dorsam ST, Redmer DA. Effects of plane of nutrition and arginine on ovarian follicles in non-pregnant sheep: Cell proliferation, and expression of endothelial nitric oxide and its receptor. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:189-197. [PMID: 30591314 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the nitric oxide (NO) system in ovarian function, by determining if arginine (Arg) supplementation impacts follicle number, cell proliferation, and expression of the NO system members in nutritionally compromised ewes. Ewes were randomly assigned into maintenance (C, 100% requirements), excess (O; 2xC), or restricted (U; 0.6xC) diets 8 weeks prior to Arg treatment. Ewes were individually fed twice daily with pelleted diets. Ewes from each nutritional group were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: saline or Arg, which was initiated on day 0 of the estrous cycle and administered 3 times per day. Ovaries were collected at the early-luteal, mid-luteal and late-luteal/follicular phases of the estrous cycle to determine 1) the number of surface follicles, 2) follicle cell proliferation marked by Ki67 protein expression, and 3) expression of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS; NOS3) and soluble guanylyl cyclase beta (sGC; GUCY1B3) protein and mRNA in granulosa (G) and theca (T) layers using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis and qPCR, respectively. During nutritional treatment, C maintained body weight, O gained 6±1.2 kg, and U lost 14±1.3 kg. Our data show that: 1) Ki67 was expressed in all ovarian compartments, eNOS protein was detected in blood vessels of T and stroma, and sGC protein was detected in T cells, and blood vessels of T layer and other ovarian compartments; 2) plane of nutrition affected the number of surface follicles, and thus folliculogenesis, cell proliferation in the T layer, eNOS and sGC protein expression in T, and NOS3 and GUCY1B3 mRNA expression in G; 3) Arg treatment affected cell proliferation in G and T, eNOS and sGC protein expression in T, mRNA expression of NOS3 in T in all groups, and GUCY1B3 in G depending on the stage of the estrous cycle; and 4) G and T cell proliferation, and expression of eNOS and sGC protein in T was affected by the stage of the estrous cycle. Our data demonstrated that plane of nutrition and Arg are involved in the regulation of follicular functions in non-pregnant sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Casie S Bass
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Samantha L Kaminski
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kaitlyn K Ebel
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leke
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jiratti Thammasiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Aree Kraisoon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Navanukraw
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marisa Holst
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Mckenzi Shelton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Dale A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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17
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Gram A, Redmer DA, Kowalewski MP, Dorsam ST, Valkov V, Warang P, Reyaz A, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Grazul-Bilska AT. Angiopoietin expression in ovine corpora lutea during the luteal phase: Effects of nutrition, arginine and follicle stimulating hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:131-140. [PMID: 30195024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate angiopoietin (ANGPT) 1 and 2, and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor 2 (TIE2) expression in the corpora lutea (CL) of FSH-treated, or non-treated sheep administered arginine (Arg) or vehicle (saline, Sal), and fed a control (C), excess (O) or restricted (U) diet. Ewes from each dietary group were treated with Arg or Sal (experiment 1), and with FSH (experiment 2). Luteal tissues were collected at the early-, mid- and/or late-luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Protein and mRNA expression was determined using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The results demonstrated that ANGPT1 and TIE2 proteins were localized to luteal capillaries and endothelial cells of larger blood vessels, and ANGPT2 was localized to tunica media of larger blood vessels. TIE2 protein was also present in luteal cells. In experiment 1, ANGPT1 protein expression was greater in O than C during early- and mid-luteal phases, and was greatest during late-luteal phase, less at the mid- and least at the early-luteal phase; 2) TIE2 protein expression was greatest at the mid-, less at the early- and least at the late-luteal phase; 3) ANGPT1 and 2 mRNA expression was greater at the mid- and late- than the early-luteal phase, and TIE2 mRNA expression was greatest at the late-, less at the mid- and least at the early-luteal phase. The ANGPT1/2 ratio was less at the early- than mid- or late-luteal phases. In experiment 2, ANGPT1 protein expression was greater in O during the mid-luteal phase than in other groups, and was greater at the mid- than early-luteal phase. TIE2 protein expression was highest at the mid-, less at the early- and least during the late-luteal phase. ANGPT1 and 2, and TIE2 mRNA expression was higher at the mid- than the early-luteal phase. During mid-luteal phase, ANGPT1 mRNA expression was greater in C than O and U, ANGPT2 was greatest in C, less in O and least in U, and TIE2 mRNA expression was greater in C than O and U. The ANGPT1/2 ratio was higher in U than in any other group. Comparison of FSH vs. Sal treatment effects (experiment 2 vs. experiment 1) demonstrated that FSH affected ANGPT1 and/or -2, and TIE2 protein and mRNA expression depending on luteal phase and/or diet. Thus, expression of ANGPTs and TIE2 in the CL changes during the luteal lifespan, indicating their involvement in luteal vascular formation, stabilization and degradation. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that plane of nutrition and/or FSH treatment affect the ANGPT system, and may alter luteal vascularity and luteal function in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dale A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Veselina Valkov
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Arshi Reyaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Casie S Bass
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Samantha L Kaminski
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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18
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Naturil-Alfonso C, Peñaranda DS, Vicente JS, Marco-Jiménez F. Feed restriction regime in a rabbit line selected for growth rate alters oocyte maturation manifested by alteration in MSY2 gene expression. Reprod Domest Anim 2017. [PMID: 28627068 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Young rabbit females selected for growth rate may have nutritional needs, which may not be met with the common practice of feed restriction during rearing in commercial rabbit production. The aim of this study was to analyse whether two different feeding programmes: ad libitum or restricted (130 g/day) feeding, applied in young rabbit females for 1 month at the end of rearing, could modulate the origin of ovulation process and the quality of the oocytes. At 16 weeks of age, 34 females were randomly assigned to restricted or ad libitum feeding, maintaining these conditions for a month. Then, in an initial experiment, transcriptional profiling of hypothalamus-hypophysis tissue was performed to assess failure to ovulate. In the second experiment, the gene expression analysis of some candidate genes related to oocytes quality was performed. Our results demonstrated that neither of the two feeding programmes modified the transcription of hypothalamus-hypophysis tissue, while the only differences in MSYR expression were found in in vivo mature oocytes ready for successful fertilization. Specifically, MSYR was over-expressed in oocytes from females fed ad libitum. MSYR is one of the most abundant proteins in the oocyte and has proven to be a key regulator of maternal RNA transcription and translation. This finding suggests that MSYR gene is a promising gene in our understanding of the relationship between high growth rate and reproductive performance decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Naturil-Alfonso
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - D S Peñaranda
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J S Vicente
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Marco-Jiménez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Tur İ, Dínç DA, Semacan A. Protein based flushing related blood urea nitrogen effects on ovarian response, embryo recovery and embryo quality in superovulated ewes. Theriogenology 2017; 98:62-67. [PMID: 28601157 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first report that evaluates effects of nutritional effects of flushing with differing diet crude protein ratios on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, related some reproductive parameters and embryo quality in ewe. During mating season, before synchronization protocol ewes were fed on alfalfa hay and additive concentrate feeding as flushing. Intra vaginal FGA containing sponges applied for 12 days for the purpose of synchronization and pFSH was administered by 8 declining doses for the purpose of superovulation. Uterus was flushed in the morning of the seventh day of mating and embryos were collected surgically. Collected embryos were qualified according to IETS criterion. There is no dependency found between BUN values measured at different days and at different diet crude protein concentrations. An increase in uterine pH levels due to increasing protein amounts was observed but this increase was not significant among groups. Ovarian function was evaluated by ovarian responses (CL + large follicle) showed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and the lowest protein intake group gave highest ovarian response. In addition, embryo recovery rates revealed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and it was observed that the lowest ovarian response group showed the highest rates of embryo recovery. It is concluded that, in some Anatolian native sheep breeds, the application of diet flushing with different crude protein concentrates influence ovarian responses and embryo recovery rates but has no effect on BUN levels; uterus physiology or embryonic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Tur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla, İzmir, 35430, Turkey.
| | - Dursun Ali Dínç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, 42003, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Semacan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, 42003, Turkey.
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20
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Gamarra G, Ponsart C, Lacaze S, Le Guienne B, Humblot P, Deloche MC, Monniaux D, Ponter AA. Dietary propylene glycol and in vitro embryo production after ovum pick-up in heifers with different anti-Müllerian hormone profiles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:1249-61. [PMID: 25226865 DOI: 10.1071/rd14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid genetic improvement in cattle requires the production of high numbers of embryos of excellent quality. Increasing circulating insulin and/or glucose concentrations improves ovarian follicular growth, which may improve the response to superovulation. The measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) can help predict an animal's response to superovulation treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increasing circulating insulin concentrations, through propylene glycol (PG) drenches, could improve in vitro embryo production in oestrus-synchronised superovulated heifers with different AMH profiles. Holstein heifers were grouped according to pre-experimental AMH concentrations as low (L) or high (H). The PG drench increased circulating insulin and glucose concentrations and reduced β-hydroxybutyrate and urea concentrations compared with the control group. AMH was a good predictor of follicle and oocyte numbers at ovum pick-up (OPU), and of oocyte and embryo quality (AMH H>AMH L). PG in the AMH H group increased the number of follicles and blastocyst quality above that in the control group, but did not improve these parameters in the AMH L group. These results indicate that short-term oral PG supplementation modifies an animal's metabolic milieu and is effective in improving in vitro embryo production, after superovulation-OPU, more markedly in heifers with high rather than low AMH concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gamarra
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouet, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Ponsart
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouet, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Lacaze
- MIDATEST, Domine de Sensacq cedex 55A, F-64230 Denguin, France
| | - B Le Guienne
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouet, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Humblot
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M-C Deloche
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouet, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - D Monniaux
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - A A Ponter
- Université Paris Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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21
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Jing X, Peng Q, Hu R, Wang H, Yu X, Degen A, Zou H, Bao S, Zhao S, Wang Z. Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1269-1278. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jing
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Rui Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Hongze Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Huawei Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Shanke Bao
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Husbandry Science and Technology; Haibei Qinghai China
| | - Suonan Zhao
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Husbandry Science and Technology; Haibei Qinghai China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
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22
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Khanthusaeng V, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Navanukraw C, Redmer DA. Lipid droplets in the ovine uterus during the estrous cycle: Effects of nutrition, arginine, and FSH. Theriogenology 2017; 87:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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de Brun V, Meikle A, Fernández-Foren A, Forcada F, Palacín I, Menchaca A, Sosa C, Abecia JA. Failure to establish and maintain a pregnancy in undernourished recipient ewes is associated with a poor endocrine milieu in the early luteal phase. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 173:80-6. [PMID: 27596262 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryos from undernourished and control donor ewes were transferred to undernourished and control recipient ewes. Progesterone and metabolic hormones were investigated in recipient ewes to determine their association with pregnancy success. Forty-five donor and 52 recipient Rasa Aragonesa ewes were fed 1.5 (control group; donor n=20; recipient n=25) or 0.5 (low group; donor n=25; recipient n=27) times the daily requirements for maintenance from the onset of estrous synchronization treatment to embryo collection and transfer. The embryos were collected 7days after the onset of estrus (day 0), and two good-quality embryos were transferred into each recipient ewe. The percentage of pregnant ewes on day 18 and 40 did not differ between the two groups, although the recipient undernourished ewes tended to have greater late embryonic mortality (from days 18-40) than the control recipient ewes (P=0.11). No effect of the nutrition of the donor was found. Recipients that became pregnant had a higher ovulation rate than non-pregnant ewes (P=0.02). Undernourished ewes had lower plasma insulin concentrations than control ewes (P=0.03), and those that suffered late embryo mortality (from days 18-40) tended to have lower insulin and progesterone concentrations than their counterparts that remained pregnant (P=0.06 and P=0.07, respectively). In this study, pregnancy in control and undernourished recipient ewes was not associated with the origin of the embryo (undernourished and control donors). In conclusion, failure to establish and maintain a pregnancy was associated with lower progesterone and insulin levels one week after estrus in recipient ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria de Brun
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Meikle
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | | | - Fernando Forcada
- Instituto Universitario de investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Palacín
- Instituto Universitario de investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay (IRAUy). Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Sosa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José-Alfonso Abecia
- Instituto Universitario de investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Bartlewski PM, Seaton P, Franco Oliveira ME, Kridli RT, Murawski M, Schwarz T. Intrinsic determinants and predictors of superovulatory yields in sheep: Circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones, ovarian status, and antral follicular blood flow. Theriogenology 2016; 86:130-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Bernstein LR, Mackenzie ACL, Lee SJ, Chaffin CL, Merchenthaler I. Activin Decoy Receptor ActRIIB:Fc Lowers FSH and Therapeutically Restores Oocyte Yield, Prevents Oocyte Chromosome Misalignments and Spindle Aberrations, and Increases Fertility in Midlife Female SAMP8 Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1234-47. [PMID: 26713784 PMCID: PMC4769367 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Women of advanced maternal age (AMA) (age ≥ 35) have increased rates of infertility, miscarriages, and trisomic pregnancies. Collectively these conditions are called "egg infertility." A root cause of egg infertility is increased rates of oocyte aneuploidy with age. AMA women often have elevated endogenous FSH. Female senescence-accelerated mouse-prone-8 (SAMP8) has increased rates of oocyte spindle aberrations, diminished fertility, and rising endogenous FSH with age. We hypothesize that elevated FSH during the oocyte's FSH-responsive growth period is a cause of abnormalities in the meiotic spindle. We report that eggs from SAMP8 mice treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for the period of oocyte growth have increased chromosome and spindle misalignments. Activin is a molecule that raises FSH, and ActRIIB:Fc is an activin decoy receptor that binds and sequesters activin. We report that ActRIIB:Fc treatment of midlife SAMP8 mice for the duration of oocyte growth lowers FSH, prevents egg chromosome and spindle misalignments, and increases litter sizes. AMA patients can also have poor responsiveness to FSH stimulation. We report that although eCG lowers yields of viable oocytes, ActRIIB:Fc increases yields of viable oocytes. ActRIIB:Fc and eCG cotreatment markedly reduces yields of viable oocytes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated FSH contributes to egg aneuploidy, declining fertility, and poor ovarian response and that ActRIIB:Fc can prevent egg aneuploidy, increase fertility, and improve ovarian response. Future studies will continue to examine whether ActRIIB:Fc works via FSH and/or other pathways and whether ActRIIB:Fc can prevent aneuploidy, increase fertility, and improve stimulation responsiveness in AMA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Bernstein
- Pregmama, LLC (L.R.B.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20886; Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (L.R.B., A.C.L.M., I.M.), Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (I.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics (S.-J.L.) and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (L.R.B.), Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (L.R.B.), Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Amelia C L Mackenzie
- Pregmama, LLC (L.R.B.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20886; Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (L.R.B., A.C.L.M., I.M.), Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (I.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics (S.-J.L.) and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (L.R.B.), Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (L.R.B.), Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Pregmama, LLC (L.R.B.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20886; Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (L.R.B., A.C.L.M., I.M.), Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (I.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics (S.-J.L.) and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (L.R.B.), Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (L.R.B.), Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Charles L Chaffin
- Pregmama, LLC (L.R.B.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20886; Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (L.R.B., A.C.L.M., I.M.), Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (I.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics (S.-J.L.) and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (L.R.B.), Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (L.R.B.), Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - István Merchenthaler
- Pregmama, LLC (L.R.B.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20886; Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (L.R.B., A.C.L.M., I.M.), Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (I.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics (S.-J.L.) and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (L.R.B.), Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (L.R.B.), Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843
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Habibizad J, Riasi A, Kohram H, Rahmani HR. Effect of long-term or short-term supplementation of high energy or high energy-protein diets on ovarian follicles and blood metabolites and hormones in ewes. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Perry GA, Redmer DA. Progesterone secretion by ovine granulosa cells: effects of nitric oxide and plane of nutrition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:973-8. [PMID: 26314312 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effects of nutritional plane on in vitro progesterone (P4) secretion by granulosa (G) cells cultured in the presence or absence of effectors of the nitric oxide (NO) system. Ewes were randomly assigned into three nutritional groups: control (C), overfed (O; 2 × C), or underfed (U; 0.6 × C). Follicular development was induced by FSH injections. On day 15 of the estrous cycle, G cells were isolated and cultured with or without DETA-NONOate (NO donor), L-NAME (NO synthase [S] inhibitor), Arg and (or) LH for 8 h. DETA-NONOate decreased basal and LH-stimulated P4 secretion, and L-NAME increased basal P4 secretion in all groups. In U, Arg decreased LH-stimulated P4 secretion. These data demonstrate that (i) plane of nutrition affects basal P4 secretion by G cells, (ii) the NO donor decreases, NOS inhibitor increases but Arg does not affect basal P4 secretion, and (iii) effects of Arg on LH-stimulated P4 secretion are affected by plane of nutrition in FSH-treated sheep. Thus, plane of nutrition affects G cell function, and the NO system is involved in the regulation of basal and LH-stimulated P4 secretion. The mechanism of the NO system effects on secretory activity of G cells remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- a Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Casie S Bass
- a Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Samantha L Kaminski
- a Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - George A Perry
- b Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Dale A Redmer
- a Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Abstract
The periconceptional period of mammalian development has been identified as an early 'developmental window' during which environmental conditions may influence the pattern of future growth and physiology. Studies in humans and animal models have revealed that factors such as maternal nutritional status or in vitro culture and manipulation of developing gametes and preimplantation embryos can impact upon the long-term health and physiology of the offspring. However, the mechanisms involved in the programming of adult disease in response to altered periconceptional development require increased investigation. The role of epigenetic modifications to DNA and chromatin organisation has been identified as a likely mechanism through which environmental perturbations can affect gene expression patterns resulting in phenotypic change. This study will highlight the sensitivity of two critical stages in early mammalian development, gametogenesis and preimplantation development. We will detail how changes to the immediate environment can not only impact upon developmental processes taking place at that time, but can also affect long-term aspects of offspring health and physiology. We will also discuss the emerging role of epigenetics as a mechanistic link between the environment and the later phenotype of the developing organism.
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Biochemical and steroid concentrations in follicular fluid and blood plasma in different follicular waves of the estrous cycle from normal and superovulated beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 142:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang WC, Yang LG, Riaz H, Tang KQ, Chen L, Li SJ. Effects in cattle of genetic variation within the IGF1R gene on the superovulation performance and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 143:24-9. [PMID: 24210909 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a membrane glycoprotein mediating most biological actions of IGF1 and IGF2, and has an important effect on ovulation, pre-implantation embryo development and pregnancy rate. The objectives of this study were to detect IGF1R gene polymorphisms of cattle and analyze the relationship with superovulation performance and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET), as well as the hormone concentrations at the day of ET. One reported SNP of IGF1R G404T and a novel SNP of IGF1R G399A were analyzed in 170 Chinese Holstein donor cows and 118 Luxi recipients cattle. Statistical analysis revealed that the G404T mutation was associated (p=0.019) with increased ovulation rate and females with this mutation had enhanced performance in producing transferable embryos. For the polymorphic locus G399A, recipients with g.399 GG and g.399 GA genotypes had greater pregnancy rates after ET than that of g.399 AA genotype. Furthermore, the same tendency was observed that the genotype groups with greater pregnancy rates had greater progesterone and lesser estrogen concentrations, but these did not reach statistical significance. Results of the present study showed, for the first time, that the polymorphism in IGF1R is associated with superovulation traits, and indicated that the IGFIR gene can be used as a potential marker for donor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Cai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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31
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Ponter A, Guyader-Joly C, Nuttinck F, Grimard B, Humblot P. Oocyte and embryo production and quality after OPU-IVF in dairy heifers given diets varying in their n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio. Theriogenology 2012; 78:632-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the reproductive performance of malpura ewes. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:471760. [PMID: 22448337 PMCID: PMC3289860 DOI: 10.1155/2012/471760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the reproductive performance of Malpura ewes. The study was conducted for a period of 35 days covering two estrous cycles during summer season (April-May). The ewes were randomly allocated into two groups of twelve animals each namely, GI (n=12; Control), and GII (n=1 2; Multiple stresses). GI ewes were maintained in the shed, while GII ewes were subjected to multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress). The estrus % differed significantly (P< 0.05) between the groups. Estrus duration also showed similar trend to that of estrus %. Both conception and lambing rate also differed significantly (P< 0.05) between the control and multiple-stress group. In addition plasma estradiol and progesterone also showed significant difference between the groups. The study proved the detrimental effects of multiple-stresses on various reproductive parameters studied. Hence it is very pertinent to conclude that when two or more than two stressors occur simultaneously, the total impact may be severe on reproductive functions of the animals.
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van Wettere WHEJ, Mitchell M, Revell DK, Hughes PE. Nutritional restriction of pre-pubertal liveweight gain impairs ovarian follicle growth and oocyte developmental competence of replacement gilts. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1301-10. [PMID: 21295828 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of moderate restriction of pre- and peri-pubertal liveweight gain on ovarian development and oocyte meiotic competence. At 70 d of age, and 27.7 ± 0.4 kg liveweight (LW), 64 Large White/Landrace crossbred gilts were allocated to two treatment groups (n = 32 gilts/treatment); one group was fed to attain a LW of 70 kg at 161 d of age (LIGHT), while the other group was fed to reach 100 kg LW (HEAVY). At 161 d of age, half of the gilts in each group (n = 16) were fed to gain LW at 0.5 kg/d (LOW), while the remaining half (n = 16) were fed to gain LW at 1.0 kg/d (HIGH) between 161 and 175 d of age, at which point they were killed and ovaries collected. For each gilt, surface antral follicles were counted and aspirated according to three size categories: 1-2.9 mm (small); 3-6 mm (medium); and > 6 mm (large). Follicles were pooled for each size class and treatment. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) recovered from small and medium follicles were matured in vitro (IVM) for 44 to 46 h, and meiotic maturation assessed. There was an effect of treatment (LIGHT versus HEAVY) on the number of medium sized follicles: 25.1 ± 2.59 versus 34.3 ± 2.60 (P < 0.05). The ovaries of LOW gilts had more small follicles and fewer medium follicles compared to those of HIGH gilts: 92.8 ± 8.35 versus 59.8 ± 5.24, and 25.1 ± 2.59 versus 32.5 ± 2.86 (P < 0.05). Target LW at 161 d did not affect meiotic progression of oocytes. However, LOW compared to HIGH LW gain between 161 and 175 d resulted in fewer oocytes reaching MII (0.40 versus 0.54; P < 0.05). In conclusion, moderately restricting feed intake impaired follicle growth beyond 3 mm and reduced oocyte meiotic competence. Further, although a carry-over effect of long-term feed restriction on follicle growth was evident, acute changes in feed intake during the 14 d prior to ovary collection had the greatest effect on oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H E J van Wettere
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
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Arias-Álvarez M, García-García RM, Rebollar PG, Nicodemus N, Millán P, Revuelta L, Lorenzo PL. Follicular, oocyte and embryo features related to metabolic status in primiparous lactating does fed with high-fibre rearing diets. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:e91-e100. [PMID: 19968836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fertility of primiparous lactating does in the early postpartum (pp) period is very low mainly due to pronounced deficient energy intake, influencing oocyte and embryo developmental competence. The hypothesis used in this work was that high-lignin fibre diet supplied during the rearing period could increase feed intake and, consequently, improve the reproductive physiology and metabolic status of primiparous does in the early pp period. Diets with high-lignin [HL: 15.8% dry matter (DM)] or standard-lignin content (SL: 4.9% DM) were supplied until parturition time. No diet effects in serum oestradiol, progesterone concentrations and follicle categories were found in the histological study. Metaphase II rate of in vitro-matured oocytes was significantly higher in the SL vs the HL group (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmically degenerated oocytes (in terms of abnormal distribution of cortical granules) and follicular atresia rate were significantly lower in the SL group than in the HL group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 respectively). In addition, HL-fed does showed lower number of viable embryos and higher rate of retarded in vivo-recovered embryos compared with the SL group (p < 0.05). Neither in vitro embryo development of viable embryos nor conception rate was significantly different between groups. Feed intake increased during the first pregnancy in the HL group (p < 0.05), but not during early lactation. Serum protein, non-esterified fatty acid and leptin concentrations, as well as estimated body composition were similar in does fed with both diets. In conclusion, the enhancement of reproductive management by using highly lignified products in rearing diets does not seem to report physiological reproductive benefits affecting oocyte maturation rate and embryo viability in primiparous lactating does.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arias-Álvarez
- Dpto, Fisiología Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Sosa C, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Abecia JA, Forcada F, Meikle A. Short-Term Undernutrition Affects Final Development of Ovulatory Follicles in Sheep Synchronized for Ovulation. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:1033-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Influence of metabolic status on oocyte quality and follicular characteristics at different postpartum periods in primiparous rabbit does. Theriogenology 2009; 72:612-23. [PMID: 19523677 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Low reproductive performance of high-yield primiparous animals is closely associated with the metabolic stress caused by a simultaneous gestation and lactation. The aim of this work was (1) to analyze body composition and metabolic environment at three time points along lactation (at parturition time; in the lactation period [Day 11 postpartum]; and in the postweaning period [Day 32 postpartum]) of primiparous rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and (2) to investigate the ovarian status at insemination time and the possible link with metabolic environment and with their reproductive performance. To this end, does were either submitted to a semi-intensive reproductive rhythm (Group S, inseminated on Day 11 postpartum) or an extensive rhythm (Group E, inseminated on Day 32 postpartum). Body energy (P<0.05) and protein content (P<0.001) as well as serum leptin (P<0.05) and protein concentrations (P<0.001) increased significantly along the postpartum period. At parturition, body lipid content was significantly lower and serum nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were significantly higher than that on Days 11 postpartum and 32 postpartum. Concerning ovarian status at insemination time, no significant differences were found in mean follicular stages, serum estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin (PRL) concentrations or in prolactin receptor (PRL-R) immunostaining. However, follicles in Group S showed a significantly higher apoptosis index than that of Group E (P<0.001). The nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation rates of Group S were also significantly lower than that in Group E. In addition, conception rate and prolificacy were improved in Group E (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, in the early postpartum period, metabolic status seems to impact negatively on ovarian follicle and oocyte quality leading to a poor reproductive outcome in primiparous rabbit does.
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Velazquez MA, Zaraza J, Oropeza A, Webb R, Niemann H. The role of IGF1 in the in vivo production of bovine embryos from superovulated donors. Reproduction 2009; 137:161-80. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IGF1 plays an important role in bovine follicular growth, acquisition of oocyte competence and embryo viability. Current data also indicate a critical role for IGF1 in both the ovarian response and the embryo yield following the superovulatory treatments. IGF1 can have either positive or negative effects on embryo viability which is related to the concentration of IGF1 induced by superovulation treatment. These effects impact either on oocyte competence or directly on the embryo. Concentrations in the physiological range appear to result in the production of higher quality embryos, mainly due to the mitogenic and the anti-apoptotic activities of IGF1. However, high superovulatory responses are associated with decreased embryo viability and a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Studies in mice suggest that this increase in apoptosis is related to the downregulation of the IGF1 receptor in the embryo associated with high IGF1 concentrations. Strategies capable of controlling the IGF1 concentrations could be one approach to improve superovulation responses. A range of possible approaches for research within the IGF system in gonadotrophin-stimulated cattle is discussed in this review, including the possible use of superovulated female cattle as an alternative animal experimental model for research on reproductive disorders in humans associated with abnormal IGF1 concentrations.
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Mermillod P, Dalbiès-Tran R, Uzbekova S, Thélie A, Traverso JM, Perreau C, Papillier P, Monget P. Factors affecting oocyte quality: who is driving the follicle? Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 2:393-400. [PMID: 18638152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian ovaries contain a large stock of oocytes enclosed in primordial follicles. Ovarian cyclic activity induces some of these follicles to initiate growth towards a possible ovulation. However, most of these follicles terminate their growth at any moment and degenerate through atresia. In growing follicles, only a subset of oocytes are capable to support meiosis, fertilization and early embryo development to the blastocyst stage, as shown through embryo in vitro production experiments. This proportion of competent oocytes is increasing along with follicular size. Growing lines of evidence suggest that oocyte competence relies on the storage of gene products (messenger RNA or protein) that will be determinant to support early stages of embryo development, before full activation of embryonic genome. Given these facts, the question is: are these gene products stored in oocytes during late folliculogenesis, allowing an increasing proportion of them to become competent? Alternatively, these transcripts may be stored during early folliculogenesis as the oocyte grows and displays high transcription activity. Several arguments support this latter hypothesis and are discussed in this review: (i) many attempts at prolonged culture of oocytes from antral follicles have failed to increase developmental competence, suggesting that developmental competence may be acquired before antral formation; (ii) the recent discovery of oocyte secreted factors and of their ability to regulate many parameters of surrounding somatic cells, possibly influencing the fate of follicles between ovulation or atresia, suggests a central role of oocyte quality in the success of folliculogenesis. Finally, in addition to their role in interfollicular regulation of ovulation rate, late folliculogenesis regulation and atresia could also be seen as a selective process aimed at the elimination through follicular atresia of oocytes that did not succeed to store proper gene products set during their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mermillod
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, Haras Nationaux, Nouzilly, France.
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39
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Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Opsomer G, Goovaerts IGF, Bols PEJ. Reduced Fertility in High-yielding Dairy Cows: Are the Oocyte and Embryo in Danger? Part II
Mechanisms Linking Nutrition and Reduced Oocyte and Embryo Quality in High-yielding Dairy Cows*. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:623-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Pradhan R, Oshima K, Ochiai Y, Kojima T, Yamamoto N, Ghanem ME, Nakagoshi N. Effect of total cholesterol, glucose and blood urea nitrogen on embryo quality in post-partum superovulated suckling Japanese Black cattle. Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7:55-62. [PMID: 29662417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2008.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of blood metabolites on embryo quality in post-partum suckling Japanese Black cattle. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 23 cows 30 days before, at and 30 days after parturition. Cows were synchronized 40 or 41 days after calving (day 0) and divided into three groups: control (n = 6), gonadotropin-releasing hormone ([GnRH]n = 10) and estradiol benzoate ([EB]n = 7). All groups received a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device intravaginally together with 2 mg EB i.m. on day 0 and superovulation was induced in all groups from days 5-7 with a gradually decreasing dose of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Two milligrams of EB was given on day 8 and GnRH (0.1 mg) was given on day 9 of insertion of the CIDR in the EB and GnRH groups. Cows were inseminated twice after the onset of estrus and embryos were recovered 7-8 days after artificial insemination. Results: The number of corpus luteum detected by ultrasonography in the EB group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the GnRH group. The number and rate of transferable and freezable embryos did not differ significantly among the groups. Regardless of the treatments, the total cholesterol level from parturition until 30 days after parturition was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the good category than in the poor category of cows. Conclusions: The number of transferable embryos produced by post-partum superovulated suckling Japanese Black cattle was affected by the level of total cholesterol from parturition until 30 days after parturition. Moreover, administration of EB in CIDR-treated cows increased the numbers of corpus luteum and yielded better rates of transferable and freezable embryos. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 55-62).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Pradhan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University and
| | - Kazunaga Oshima
- National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, Shiman, Japan; and
| | - Yoshinori Ochiai
- National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, Shiman, Japan; and
| | - Takatoshi Kojima
- National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, Shiman, Japan; and
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, Shiman, Japan; and
| | - Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nobukazu Nakagoshi
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University and
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41
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Letelier C, Mallo F, Encinas T, Ros JM, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Glucogenic supply increases ovulation rate by modifying follicle recruitment and subsequent development of preovulatory follicles without effects on ghrelin secretion. Reproduction 2008; 136:65-72. [PMID: 18390923 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of short-term energy inputs on ghrelin secretion and possible links with changes in the follicle population or the ovulation rate. Oestrous cycle was synchronized in 16 Manchega sheep using progestagen sponges and cloprostenol. Half of the animals were treated from days 0 to 4 by the oral administration, twice daily, of 200 ml of a glucogenic mixture containing 70% of glycerol, 20% of 1,2-propanediol and 10% of water; the control group received 200 ml water. The mean (+/-S.E.M.) plasma glucose increased immediately after the first administration (3.9+/-0.3 vs 3.0+/-0.1 mmol/l in control group, P<0.05), remaining statistically different during the treatment. However, plasma ghrelin levels were similar in both groups. On the other hand, the results indicated that short-term energy inputs modify ovulation rate (1.9+/-0.1 vs 1.3+/-0.2 in control group, P<0.05) by increasing the number of follicles able to be selected to ovulate during the period of treatment (>or=4 mm in size; 5.9+/-0.6 vs 4.3+/-0.4 at day 2, P<0.05). After sponge withdrawal, the number of these follicles decreased throughout follicular phase (5.8+/-0.8 to 1.5+/-0.4, P<0.0005) while the number of large follicles increased (>or=6 mm in size; 0.8+/-0.4 to 2.0+/-0.3, P<0.05); this would indicate an active growth of preovulatory follicles that were not found in the control group. Thus, the increases of ovulation rate by high-energy inputs would be caused by an enhancement in the developmental competence of preovulatory follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Letelier
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Leroy JLMR, Opsomer G, Van Soom A, Goovaerts IGF, Bols PEJ. Reduced fertility in high-yielding dairy cows: are the oocyte and embryo in danger? Part I. The importance of negative energy balance and altered corpus luteum function to the reduction of oocyte and embryo quality in high-yielding dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:612-22. [PMID: 18384499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fertility in high yielding dairy cows is declining, and there is increasing evidence to presume that oocyte and embryo quality are major factors in the complex pathogenesis of reproductive failure. In this report we present an overview of possible mechanisms linking negative energy balance (NEB) and deficiencies in oocyte and embryo developmental competence; specifically, in the high producing dairy cow. Changes in follicular growth patterns during a period of NEB can indirectly affect oocyte quality. The endocrine and biochemical changes, which are associated with NEB, are reflected in the microenvironment of the growing and maturing female gamete, and likely result in the ovulation of a developmentally incompetent oocyte. Even after an oocyte is successfully ovulated and fertilized, a full-term pregnancy is still not guaranteed. Inadequate corpus luteum function, associated with reduced progesterone, and probably also low insulin-like growth factor concentrations, can cause a suboptimal microenvironment in the uterus that is incapable of sustaining early embryonic life. This may partly account for the low conception rates and the high incidence of early embryonic mortality in high yielding dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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43
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Fouladi-Nashta AA, Gutierrez CG, Gong JG, Garnsworthy PC, Webb R. Impact of dietary fatty acids on oocyte quality and development in lactating dairy cows. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:9-17. [PMID: 17344470 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.058578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of level of rumen inert fatty acids on developmental competence of oocytes in lactating dairy cows. Estrous cycles were synchronized in 22 cows on a silage-based diet supplemented with either low (200 g/day) or high (800 g/day) fat. A total of 1051 oocytes were collected by ultrasound-guided ovum pickup (OPU) in seven sessions/cow at 3-4 day intervals. Oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Embryo quality was assessed by differential staining of Day 8 blastocysts. The high-fat diet reduced numbers of small and medium follicles. There was no effect on the quality of oocytes (grades 1-4) or cleavage rate. However, high fat significantly improved blastocyst production from matured (P < 0.005) and cleaved (P < 0.05) oocytes. Blastocysts from the high-fat group had significantly more total, inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells than the low-fat group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed negative effects of milk yield (P < 0.001), dry matter intake (P < 0.001), metabolizable energy intake (P < 0.005), and starch intake (P < 0.001) on blastocyst production in the low-fat group but not in the high-fat group. Within the low-fat group, blastocyst production was negatively related to growth hormone (P < 0.05) and positively related to leptin (P < 0.05). The low-fat group had higher nonesterified fatty acids than the high-fat group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, higher milk yields were associated with reduced developmental potential of oocytes in cows given a low-fat diet. Provision of a high-fat diet buffered oocytes against these effects, resulting in significantly improved developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Fouladi-Nashta
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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44
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Abecia JA, Sosa C, Forcada F, Meikle A. The effect of undernutrition on the establishment of pregnancy in the ewe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:367-78. [PMID: 16824446 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:2006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between nutrition and reproduction in sheep has been the subject of research in several international groups. This review will particularly focus on the effects of undernutrition on the potential causes of reproductive failure including abnormalities of the ovum or the embryo, luteal inadequacy and failure of the supply of progesterone to the uterus, or the mechanisms involved in maternal recognition of pregnancy. The level of nutrition and peripheral progesterone concentrations are inversely related, and increased rates of embryo loss, associated with higher progesterone concentrations in ewes with low levels of nutrition have been reported. Undernutrition may act through changes in the distribution of progesterone in the endometrium. Thus, lower endometrial levels on day 5 of the cycle in ewes fed half of their maintenance requirements have been observed, providing a link between the known role of progesterone in embryo survival by the modulation of uterine function and the higher embryo losses found in undernourished ewes. The evidence of an effect of maternal nutrition on IFNtau secretion from the conceptus and of PGF2alpha production from the uterus is presented. Moreover, undernutrition provokes a reduction in the sensitivity of the endometrium to progesterone that may affect embryo survival. Finally, a state of undernutrition induces changes in the endometrial sensitivity to steroid hormones at early stages of pregnancy that could adversely alter uterine environment to the detriment of embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Alfonso Abecia
- Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Miguel Servet, 177. 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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45
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Freret S, Grimard B, Ponter AA, Joly C, Ponsart C, Humblot P. Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers. Reproduction 2006; 131:783-94. [PMID: 16595729 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to test whether a reduction in dietary intake could improvein vitroembryo production in superovulated overfed dairy heifers. Cumulus–oocyte complexes of 16 Prim’ Holstein heifers (14 ± 1 months old) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU), every 2 weeks following superovulation treatment with 250 μg FSH, before being matured and fertilizedin vitro. Embryos were cultured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium for 7 days. Heifers were fed with hay, soybean meal, barley, minerals and vitamins. From OPU 1 to 4 (period 1), all heifers received individually for 8 weeks a diet formulated for a 1000 g/day live-weight gain. From OPU 5 to 8 (period 2), the heifers were allocated to one of two diets (1000 or 600 g/day) for 8 weeks. Heifers’ growth rates were monitored and plasma concentrations of metabolites, metabolic and reproductive hormones were measured each week. Mean live-weight gain observed during period 1 was 950 ± 80 g/day (n= 16). In period 2 it was 730 ± 70 (n= 8) and 1300 ± 70 g/day (n= 8) for restricted and overfed groups respectively. When comparing period 1 and period 2 within groups, significant differences were found. In the restricted group, a higher blastocyst rate, greater proportions of grade 1–3 and grade 1 embryos, associated with higher estradiol at OPU and lower glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, were observed in period 2 compared with period 1. Moreover, after 6 weeks of dietary restriction (OPU 7), numbers of day 7 total embryos, blastocysts and grade 1–3 embryos had significantly increased. On the contrary, in the overfed group, we observed more <8 mm follicles 2 days before superovulation treatment, higher insulin and IGF-I and lower nonesterified fatty acids in period 2 compared with period 1 (no significant difference between periods for embryo production). After 6 weeks of 1300 g/day live-weight gain (OPU 7), embryo production began to decrease. Whatever the group, oocyte collection did not differ between period 1 and 2. These data suggest that following a period of overfeeding, a short-term dietary intake restriction (6 weeks in our study) may improve blastocyst production and embryo quality when they are low. However, nutritional recommendations aiming to optimize both follicular growth and embryonic development may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freret
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouët, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
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46
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Pant D, Reynolds LP, Luther JS, Borowicz PP, Stenbak TM, Bilski JJ, Weigl RM, Lopes F, Petry K, Johnson ML, Redmer DA, Grazul-Bilska AT. Expression of connexin 43 and gap junctional intercellular communication in the cumulus-oocyte complex in sheep. Reproduction 2005; 129:191-200. [PMID: 15695613 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of FSH, LH and/or cAMP on expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in the ovine cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) of cumulus cells, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, Cx43 was immunodetected in the COC, before or after maturation, obtained from non-treated or FSH-treated ewes. The expression of Cx43 in the COC was greater (P < 0.01) on day 16 than on day 15 of the estrous cycle. In vivo FSH treatment decreased (P < 0.02) Cx43 expression on day 16 but not on day 15 of the estrous cycle. In experiment 2, intact COCs or isolated cumulus cells obtained from small and large follicles from FSH-treated ewes were cultured with or without FSH, LH or cAMP agonist and evaluated for GJIC by laser cytometry. For large follicles, the basal rate of GJIC was greater (P < 0.01) for cumulus cells in intact COCs than for isolated cumulus cells. FSH increased (P < 0.04) GJIC in cumulus cells in intact COCs and tended to increase (P < 0.1) GJIC in isolated cumulus cells from small follicles but decreased (P < 0.01) GJIC in cumulus cells in intact COCs from large follicles. LH also increased (P < 0.01) GJIC in isolated cumulus cells from small follicles but decreased GJIC in intact COCs (P < 0.01) and isolated cumulus cells (P < 0.02) from large follicles. cAMP increased (P < 0.01) the GJIC in both intact COCs and cumulus cells from small and large follicles. These results indicate that day of estrous cycle, stage of maturation and duration of FSH treatment affect expression of Cx43 in ovine COCs. In intact COCs, GJIC in cumulus cells was enhanced, probably due to the presence of the oocyte. In addition, the effects of FSH and LH, but not cAMP, on GJIC of cumulus cells depended on the stage of follicular development and on the presence of the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Pant
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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47
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Paula NRO, Galeati G, Teixeira DIA, Lopes Júnior ES, Freitas VJF, Rondina D. Responsiveness to progestagen-eCG-cloprostenol treatment in goat food restricted for long period and refed. Reprod Domest Anim 2005; 40:108-10. [PMID: 15819957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For 6 months, 10 adult Saanen crossbred goats were fed undernutrition diet (70% maintenance), and finally five goats were refed for 6 weeks with 150% maintenance. In all animals oestrus was synchronized using 45 mg FGA vaginal sponge for 11 days, 300 IU eCG and 50 microg cloprostenol 48 h prior to sponge removal. From oestrus onset, during a 24-h period, blood samples were collected for oestradiol and NEFA assay. Ovulation was verified by laparoscopy 3 days after sponge removal. Body mass loss was 18.62 +/- 3.03% of initial weight and in refed goats body weight recovery was 90.63 +/- 3.56%. NEFA level was higher in restricted goats (p < 0.05). Fifty per cent of underfed goats (2/4) and all refed goats (4/4) exhibited oestrus and ovulation. Significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found between weight loss and the interval sponge removal-oestrus onset (r = 0.91) or ovulation rate (r = 0.70). Only in the refed group was the ovulation rate related to the oestradiol amount (r = 0.99) (p < 0.05). Collectively results showed that a short period of improved feeding re-established the responsiveness of oestrus synchronization in chronically fasted goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R O Paula
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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48
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Sui HS, Liu Y, Miao DQ, Yuan JH, Qiao TW, Luo MJ, Tan JH. Configurations of germinal vesicle (GV) chromatin in the goat differ from those of other species. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 71:227-36. [PMID: 15791590 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Configuration of germinal vesicle (GV) chromatin has been studied and found correlated with the developmental competence of oocytes in several mammalian species. A common feature in the configuration of GV chromatin in the species studied so far is that the diffuse chromatin (the so called "NSN" pattern) condenses into a perinucleolar ring (the so called "SN" configuration) with follicular growth. However, no study has been published on the configuration of GV chromatin in the goat. Nor is it known whether the perinucleolar ring of condensed chromatin (CC) in an oocyte represents a step toward final maturation or atresia. Changes in configurations of GV chromatin and RNA synthesis during goat oocyte growth, atresia and maturation in vivo and in vitro were investigated in this study. Based on both the size of nucleoli and the degree of chromatin condensation, the GV chromatin of goat oocytes was classified into GV1 characterized by large nucleoli and diffuse chromatin, GV2 with medium-sized nucleoli and condensed net-like (GV2n) or clumped (GV2c) chromatin, GV3 with small nucleoli and net-like (GV3n) or clumped (GV3c) chromatin, and GV4 with no nucleolus but clumped chromatin. The results showed that (i) the configurations of GV chromatin in the goat differ from those of other species in that the chromatin did not condense into a perinucleolar ring; (ii) most of the goat oocytes are synchronized at the GV3n configuration before GVBD; (iii) the GVn pattern might represent a healthy state, but the GVc an atretic state; (iv) in both goats and mice, the GC-specific (Chromomycin A3, CMA3) and the AT-specific (Hoechst 33342) fluorochromes followed the same pattern of distribution in GV chromatin; (v) the nucleolar size decreased significantly with oocyte growth and maturation in vivo and in vitro; and (vi) goat oocytes began GVBD at 8 hr and had completed it by 20 hr after onset of estrus. The peculiar configuration of GV chromatin of goat oocytes can be a useful model for studies of morphological and functional changes of different nuclear compartments during the cell cycle and cell differentiation, and the functional differentiation between GV3n and GV3c might be used for reference to the question whether the "SN" configuration in other species inclines toward ovulation or atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shu Sui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
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49
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Gonz´lez-Bulnes A, Baird DT, Campbell BK, Cocero MJ, García-García RM, Inskeep EK, López-Sebastián A, McNeilly AS, Santiago-Moreno J, Souza CJ, Veiga-López A. Multiple factors affecting the efficiency of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in sheep and goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/rd04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers an overview of the basic characteristics of in vivo embryo technologies, their current status, the main findings and the advances gained in recent years, and the outstanding subjects for increasing their efficiency. The use of superovulation and embryo transfer procedures remains affected by a high variability in the ovulatory response to hormonal treatment and by a low and variable number of transferable embryos and offspring obtained. This variability has been classically identified with both extrinsic (source, purity of gonadotrophins and protocol of administration) and intrinsic factors (breed, age, nutrition and reproductive status), which are reviewed in this paper. However, emerging data indicate that the main causes of variability are related to endocrine and ovarian factors, and so the number of studies and procedures addressing a better understanding and control of these factors may be increased in the future. The accomplishment of this objective, the improvement of procedures for embryo conservation and for the selection and management of recipient females, will allow further development and application of this technology.
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50
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Ptak G, Tischner M, Bernabo N, Loi P. Donor-dependent developmental competence of oocytes from lambs subjected to repeated hormonal stimulation. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:278-85. [PMID: 12606346 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An unpredictability of ovarian response still remains the major problem concerning ovine reproductive programs. The influence of several environmental, genetic, and ovarian cycle effects on oocyte/embryo yield from donor females has been previously reported. The present research has been designed to exclude aforementioned causes of variability, thus to verify embryogenic competence in homogenous groups of animals. For this purpose we used prepubertal ewes kept under identical conditions. Initially, we stimulated three groups of prepubertal ewes at various ages and used a number of gonadotropin treatments to assess differences in oocyte competence between individuals. The results revealed the repeatability of response within individual donor lambs throughout the study. Moreover, once the variability in both oocyte and embryo yield between homogenous groups of donors was revealed alongside the influence of age and type of gonadotropin treatment (P < 0.001), we investigated whether the individual donor effect persisted among genetically similar animals. Therefore, we compared oocyte and subsequent embryo output of sibling lambs derived from the most efficient donor. Here the genetic homogeneity of sisters kept under identical conditions substantially improved the uniformity of either follicular response or embryo production, suggesting that the genotype plays a primary role in establishing follicular recruitment and developmental capability of oocytes. This observation consents to predict the ovarian performance from a single ewe already in early prepuberty (i.e., to qualify the female to breeding programs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Ptak
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Comparate, Università di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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