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Edo GI, Onoharigho FO, Jikah AN, Agbo JJ. The ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38839563 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2362891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of antioxidants that are produced naturally. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the plant Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) in the attenuation of paracetamol (PCM) hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were divided into four groups, with six rats each. Group 1 served as the control group, receiving just distilled water. Groups 2 and 3 received orally 250 mg/kg bwt/day PCM and 300 mg/kg bwt/day methanol extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves for two weeks, respectively. For group 4, the Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaf extract was pre-administered for 1 week before receiving 300 mg/kg bwt/day Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves extract and 250 mg/kg bwt/day PCM for 2 weeks. As a marker of liver damage, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Liver tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase activities were utilized to determine antioxidant state, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was employed as a lipid peroxidation indicator. When compared to the control group, the activities of serum AST, ALT, SOD, and MDA levels were considerably (p < 0.05) higher in the PCM group, although GSH level and GST and catalase activities were significantly lower. In comparison to the PCM group, co-administration of PCM with Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) extract decreased serum AST and ALT activities. This study shows that the leaf extracts of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) protects Wistar rats' livers from PCM-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science & Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joy Johnson Agbo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Arado GM, Amatto PDPG, Marins M, Rizzi ES, França SDC, Coppede JDS, Carmona F, Pereira AMS. Anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activities of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) extracts: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378408. [PMID: 38881881 PMCID: PMC11176511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used by Amazonian indigenous groups to treat inflammatory diseases. To date, there are no systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the use of U. tomentosa for inflammation control in animals supporting the traditional knowledge about this species. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extracts in modulating inflammatory mediators and to determine which types of inflammatory diseases can be treated by this species. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies published before 26 July 2023, identified in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Four independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risks of bias. The effects of U. tomentosa on inflammatory diseases and the inflammatory mediators involved were extracted from the studies. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of the outcomes were estimated. The meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration). This protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450869). Results Twenty-four of 523 studies were included. U. tomentosa extracts decreased the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD: -0.72, 95%CI: -1.15, -0.29, p = 0.001) and transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) (SMD: -1.19, 95%CI: -1.89, -0.48, p = 0.001). However, the extracts did not significantly alter IL-1 (SMD: -0.16, 95%CI: -0.87, +0.56, p = 0.67), IL-10 (SMD: -0.05, 95%CI:-0.35, 0.45, p = 0.80), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: 0.18, 95%CI: -0.25, 0.62, p = 0.41). Conclusion Many extracts of stem bark, roots, and leaves of U. tomentosa, mostly aqueous and hydroethanolic, exhibited anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activities and low toxicity. The extracts decreased NF-κB and IL-6. These findings suggest that this species has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases in which these markers are increased, according to the ethnopharmacological use. These activities are not related to a specific class of compounds. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=450869, Identifier CRD42023450869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Marin Arado
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mozart Marins
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Sanchez Rizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Carmona
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zagórska J, Pietrzak K, Kukula-Koch W, Czop M, Wojtysiak K, Koch W. Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Composition of Alpinia officinarum Rhizome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3625. [PMID: 38612437 PMCID: PMC11012154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum is a representative of the Zingiberaceae family, which is known for its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries also due to its precious pharmacological potential. The major aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of thermal treatment on the composition of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum and its antioxidant activity. The fresh rhizome was subjected to various thermal treatment processes-boiling, frying and microwave heating during various time intervals-and their composition and antioxidant activity were determined using chromatographic (HPLC - High Performance Liquid Chromatography and HPLC-MS - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) and spectrophotometric (DPPH and TPC - Total Phenolic Content) methods. Pinobanksin was the main compound found in the extract of the fresh rhizome (537.79 mg/kg), followed by galangin (197.7 mg/kg) and zingerone (185.5 mg/kg). The effect of thermal treatment on the rhizome composition was varied. In general, thermal processing significantly decreased the content of active compounds in the rhizome. However, there were some exceptions-boiling for 4 min significantly increased the content of pinobanksin (1162.4 mg/kg) and galangin (280.7 mg/kg), and microwave processing for 4 min increased the content of pinocembrin (213 mg/kg). It was found that boiling and microwave treatment significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the processed rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zagórska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (K.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (K.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Wojtysiak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (K.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (K.P.); (K.W.)
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Aljarari RM. Neuroprotective effects of a combination of Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum on AlCl3 induced Alzheimer's disease in male albino rat. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272466. [PMID: 37851769 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by hippocampal, and cortical neuron deterioration, oxidative stress, and severe cognitive dysfunction. Aluminum is a neurotoxin inducer for cognitive impairments associated with AD. The treatment approaches for AD are unsatisfactory. Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum are known for their pharmacological assets, including antioxidant activity. Therefore, the current study explored the possible mitigating effects of a combination of Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum against aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced AD. The AD model was established using AlCl3 (100 mg/kg), and the rats were orally administrated with Boswellia papyrifera or Syzygium aromaticum or a combination of them daily for 8 weeks. The Y-maze test was used to test cognition in the rats, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress markers were estimated in homogenates of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Also, the histopathological examination of the cortex and hippocampus were investigated. The results revealed that administration of either B. papyrifera or S. aromaticum extracts significantly improved the cognitive functions of AD rats, enhanced AChE levels, increased oxidative enzymes levels, including SOD and GSH, and reduced MDA levels in homogenates of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and confirmed by improvement in histological examination. However, using a combination therapy gave better results compared to a single treatment. In conclusion, the present study provided primary evidence for using a combination of B. papyrifera and S. aromaticum to treat cognitive dysfunction associated with AlCl3 Induced AD by improving the AChE levels and modulating oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Aljarari
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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da Conceição BC, da Silva TA, Pantoja LVPDS, da Luz DA, Cardoso EKS, Reis LDDS, Raiol-da-Silva MC, Kussler MS, Maia CSF, Fontes-Júnior EA. Amazonian Plants: A Global Bibliometric Approach to Petiveria alliacea L. Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3343. [PMID: 37765507 PMCID: PMC10536944 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) holds significant importance in the Amazon region, where it has been traditionally utilized in folk medicine. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using conventional metrics, combined with a critical content review of its pharmacological and toxicological properties, to identify gaps in the existing literature that require further investigation. Our investigation identified a total of 55 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Remarkably, Brazil emerged as the primary contributor within the scope of this review, indicating a strong presence of research from this country. Furthermore, professional scientific societies have played a pivotal role in facilitating the dissemination of scientific findings through specialist journals, fostering the sharing of research work within the community. Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that "Petiveria alliacea", "plant extract", and "guatemala" were the most frequently encountered terms, indicating their significance within the literature. In terms of study designs, in vivo and in vitro were the predominant types observed, highlighting their prevalence in this field of study. Our study also identified a lack in knowledge yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.C.d.C.); (T.A.d.S.); (L.V.P.d.S.P.); (D.A.d.L.); (E.K.S.C.); (L.D.d.S.R.); (M.C.R.-d.-S.); (M.S.K.); (C.S.F.M.)
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Rahman MO, Ahmed SS, Alqahtani AS, Cakilcioğlu U, Akbar MA. Insight into novel inhibitors from Sterculia urens against Cholera via pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37668010 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2254841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The underdeveloped countries with large populations are facing a grave global threat in the form of cholera. Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of Cholera has drawn attention recently due to antimicrobial resistance and resulting outbreaks that necessitates establishment of novel medications to counteract virulence and viability of the pathogen. Sterculia urens Roxb. (Malvaceae) is an ethnomedicinally important tree, which harbors a good number of bioactive phytocompounds. In the present study, 53 phytocompounds of S. urens were screened against the promising target ToxT of V. cholerae employing structure-based drug design approach that revealed three lead compounds, viz., 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol (-8.2 kcal/mol), Beta-Bisabolol (-8.2 kcal/mol) and Ledol (-8.7 kcal/mol) with satisfactory ADMET properties. Molecular dynamics simulation for 150 ns unveiled notable compactness and structural stability for the lead compounds considering RMSD, RMSF, Rg, MolSA, PSA and protein-ligand contacts parameters. Molecular mechanics-based MM/GBSA binding energy calculation revealed Beta-Bisabolol (-66.74 kcal/mol) to have better scores than 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol (-47.42 kcal/mol) and Ledol (-65.79 kcal/mol). Enzymes were mostly found as drug target class, and Nabilone was found as a structurally similar analog for 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol. These discoveries could aid in revealing new antibacterial medications targeting ToxT to combat Cholera.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Sunzid Ahmed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uğur Cakilcioğlu
- Department of Botany, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Pertek, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ahsanul Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Sharma N, Vasisht K, Kaur J, Sandhu SK, Dey K, Hameed BA, Bajaj R, Kaur IP, Karan M. Blending Ethnomedicine with Modern Technology-From Conventional to Tailored Products: Modulating Biopharmaceutical Properties of Berberis Extract by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Wound Healing. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:418. [PMID: 37623663 PMCID: PMC10455672 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems employing phytopharmaceuticals based on the leads in traditional knowledge offers not only an alternative but quicker and more economic strategy for drug development. Nanophytopharmaceuticals promise remarkable opportunities with the ability to overcome challenges associated with herbal medicines, such as low solubility and bioavailability, poor target specificity, and shelf life. Berberis extracts documented as Ropana (wound healer) in Sushruta Samhita are a popular traditional remedy that is amiss in the modern system of medicine as it exhibits very poor biopharmaceutical properties. Poor solubility and bioavailability necessitate the administration of high doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. Exploiting the diversified type of compounds with pleiotropic properties present in Berberis, the biopharmaceutical properties were engineered using an optimized freeze-dried extract and developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as an effective drug-delivery system. An industrially viable and environment-friendly hot high-pressure homogenization technique led to a stable formulation with an average particle size of 178.4 nm, as well as a 7-fold increase in loading and a significant entrapment of 91 ± 1.25%. The pharmacodynamic studies of developed nanosystems in excision-wound models showed faster and complete healing of wounds with no scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Simarjot Kaur Sandhu
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kaustav Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bakr Ahmed Hameed
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rakesh Bajaj
- Nanz Med Science Pharma (P) Ltd., Paonta Sahib 173025, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Saha S, Do T, Maycock J, Wood S, Boesch C. Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050657. [PMID: 37242327 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei with 13.0 ± 2.0 and 20.0 ± 2.0 mg/mL for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 37.7 ± 1.5 and 43.3 ± 2.1 mg/mL for MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), respectively. When evaluated in a 7-day dual-species oral biofilm model, ISOWEs dose-dependently reduced the viable bacteria count, and demonstrated strong synergistic effects when combined with the anti-septic chlorhexidine (at 0.1 and 0.2%). Similarly, confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-cariogenic properties of ISOWEs, alone and in combination with chlorhexidine. The citrus flavonoids contributed differently to these effects, with the flavones (nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin) demonstrating significantly lower MICs and MBCs compared to the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of citrus waste as a currently underutilised source of flavonoids for antimicrobial applications, such as in dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvro Saha
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Joanne Maycock
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Miraj SS, Kurian SJ, Rodrigues GS, Saravu K, Rao M, Raychaudhuri SP, Downs BW, Bagchi D. Phytotherapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Promising Strategy for Effective Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:295-310. [PMID: 35512780 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2034069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in wound care, the effective therapy of chronic diabetic ulcers continues to be a challenge. Wound healing is a highly controlled process, which involves a sequence of complex overlapping steps. This healing pathway comprises of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Recent evidence suggests that phytomedicines can prevent or repair different kinds of destructive cellular damage, including chronic wounds. Several phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides have pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, the main step in wound healing. Besides, the mechanism involves induction of collagen synthesis, migration, and reepithelization and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. Similarly, the use of phytochemicals alone or as an adjuvant with standard therapy has demonstrated promising results in managing complications in the diabetic foot. For instance, the extract of Carica papaya has been shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which, together with proteolytic enzymatic activity, contributes to its wound healing property. It is generally believed that phytotherapy has no or minimal toxicity than synthetic therapeutic agents, favoring its use in diabetic foot ulcer management. The current review highlights the selected phytochemicals and their sources; and potential application in diabetic foot ulcer management.Key teaching points and nutritional relevanceCurrently, phytochemicals have been shown wide potential in disease. management including alleviating clinical manifestations, preventing degenerative disease, and curing illness.Increased evidence of phytochemical as anti-infective and anti-inflammatory suggests its role in the management of diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Potential benefit along with minimal adverse effect favors its application as adjuvant therapy.Further research is needed to standardize its dose and formulation to enhance its clinical application in DFU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Medical Centre, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of R&D, VNI Inc, Bonita Springs, Florida, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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Quality by design-oriented formulation optimization and characterization of guar gum-pectin based oral colon targeted liquisolid formulation of xanthohumol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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11
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Chan WJJ, Adiwidjaja J, McLachlan AJ, Boddy AV, Harnett JE. Interactions between natural products and cancer treatments: underlying mechanisms and clinical importance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:103-119. [PMID: 36707434 PMCID: PMC9905199 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, also referred to as dietary supplements, complementary and alternative medicines, and health or food supplements are widely used by people living with cancer. These products are predominantly self-selected and taken concurrently with cancer treatments with the intention of improving quality of life, immune function and reducing cancer symptoms and treatment side effects. Concerns have been raised that concurrent use may lead to interactions resulting in adverse effects and unintended treatment outcomes. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which these interactions can occur and the current evidence about specific clinically important natural product-drug interactions. Clinical studies investigating pharmacokinetic interactions provide evidence that negative treatment outcomes may occur when Hypericum perforatum, Grapefruit, Schisandra sphenanthera, Curcuma longa or Hydrastis canadensis are taken concurrently with common cancer treatments. Conversely, pharmacodynamic interactions between Hangeshashinto (TJ-14) and some cancer treatments have been shown to reduce the side effects of diarrhoea and oral mucositis. In summary, research in this area is limited and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffry Adiwidjaja
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Joanna E Harnett
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Pavlović MO, Stajić M, Gašić U, Duletić-Laušević S, Ćilerdžić J. The chemical profiling and assessment of antioxidative, antidiabetic and antineurodegenerative potential of Kombucha fermented Camellia sinensis, Coffea arabica and Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Food Funct 2023; 14:262-276. [PMID: 36484426 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02979k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The scientific interest in the medicinal properties of Kombucha beverages, a carbonated drink with live microorganisms, has increased recently. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile and to examine the antioxidant, antidiabetic and antineurodegenerative potential of unfermented and also Kombucha fermented Camellia sinensis (green tea), Coffea arabica (coffee), and Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) extracts. The extracts were prepared as follows: the first (unfermented) set contained 1 L of water, 50 g of sucrose and 20 g of dried and ground green tea, coffee, or Reishi basidiocarp, while the second (fermented) set contained all of the aforementioned ingredients individually inoculated with Kombucha and fermented for 21 days. The chemical analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, total reducing power (TRP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity was used to estimate the antidiabetic potential, while the level of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TYR) was used to evaluate the antineurodegenerative activity. The results suggested that the fermented extracts of green tea, coffee, and Reishi exert significant antioxidant effects, although they were lower compared to the unfermented extracts. The unfermented green tea extract exhibited the highest DPPH-scavenging activity (87.46%) and the highest preservation of β-carotene (92.41%), while the fermented coffee extract showed the highest TRP (120.14 mg AAE per g) at 10 mg mL-1. Although the extracts did not inhibit the activity of α-amylase, they were quite effective at inhibiting α-glucosidase, especially the unfermented Reishi extract, inhibiting 95.16% (at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1) of α-glucosidase activity, which was slightly higher than the positive control at the same concentration. The most effective AChE inhibitor was unfermented green tea extract (68.51%), while the fermented coffee extract inhibited 34.66% of TYR activity at 10 mg mL-1. Altogether, these results are in accordance with the differences found in the extracts' chemical composition. Finally, this is the first report that highlights the differences in the chemical profile between the unfermented and Kombucha fermented green tea, coffee and Reishi extracts, while it also reveals, for the first time, the antineurodegenerative potential of Kombucha fermented Reishi extract. The examined extracts represent potent functional foods, while their more detailed mechanisms of action are expected to be revealed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oalđe Pavlović
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana Stajić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Duletić-Laušević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Ćilerdžić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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The Effect of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) Extract on Prion Propagation in Cell-Based and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010182. [PMID: 36613636 PMCID: PMC9820341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals for which no therapies are currently available. Here, we report that Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) (CpV) extract was partly effective in decreasing prion aggregation and propagation in both in vitro and in vivo models. CpV extract inhibited self-aggregation of recombinant prion protein (PrP) in a test tube assay and decreased the accumulation of scrapie PrP (PrPSc) in ScN2a cells, a cultured neuroblastoma cell line with chronic prion infection, in a concentration-dependent manner. CpV extract also modified the course of the disease in mice inoculated with mouse-adapted scrapie prions, completely preventing the onset of prion disease in three of eight mice. Biochemical and neuropathological analyses revealed a statistically significant reduction in PrPSc accumulation, spongiosis, astrogliosis, and microglia activation in the brains of mice that avoided disease onset. Furthermore, PrPSc accumulation in the spleen of mice was also reduced. CpV extract precluded prion infection in cultured cells as demonstrated by the modified standard scrapie cell assay. This study suggests that CpV extract could contribute to investigating the modulation of prion propagation.
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Ortega-Pérez LG, Piñón-Simental JS, Magaña-Rodríguez OR, Lopéz-Mejía A, Ayala-Ruiz LA, García-Calderón AJ, Godínez-Hernández D, Rios-Chavez P. Evaluation of the toxicology, anti-lipase, and antioxidant effects of Callistemon citrinus in rats fed with a high fat-fructose diet. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1384-1393. [PMID: 35938503 PMCID: PMC9361760 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2099907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Callistemon citrinus Skeels (Myrtaceae) exhibits many biological activities. OBJECTIVE This study analyzes for the first time, the toxicity, obesogenic, and antioxidant effects of C. citrinus in rats fed with a high fat-fructose diet (HFFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four studies using male Wistar rats were conducted: (a) 7 groups (n = 3): control (corn oil) and ethanol extract of C. citrinus leaf (single oral dose at 100-4000 mg/kg) for acute toxicity; (b) 2 groups (n = 8): control (corn oil) and C. citrinus (1000 mg/kg/day) for 28 days for subacute toxicity; (c) 3 groups (n = 4) with single oral dose of lipid emulsion: control (lipid emulsion), C. citrinus and orlistat (250 and 50 mg/kg, respectively) for lipid absorption; (d) 4 groups (n = 6): control (normal diet) and 3 groups fed with HFFD: HFFD only, C. citrinus and simvastatin (oral dose 250 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) for 13 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers were evaluated and inhibition of pancreatic lipase was determined in vitro. RESULTS Toxicological studies of C. citrinus showed no differences in biochemical parameters and lethal dose (LD50) was higher than 4000 mg/kg. C. citrinus inhibited pancreatic lipase activity, with IC50 of 392.00 µg/mL, and decreased lipid absorption by 70%. Additionally, it reduced the body weight 22%, restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the biomarkers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Callistemon citrinus showed an effect against oxidative stress by reducing biomarkers and induced antioxidant system, without toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandro Lopéz-Mejía
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Alberto Ayala-Ruiz
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | - Daniel Godínez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Patricia Rios-Chavez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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15
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Yao Y, Habib M, Bajwa HF, Qureshi A, Fareed R, Altaf R, Ilyas U, Duan Y, Abbas M. Herbal therapies in gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders: An evidence-based clinical review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962095. [PMID: 36278240 PMCID: PMC9581220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the liver constitute the major organs of the human body. Indeed, the very survival of the human body depends on their proper functioning. Because the GIT is a huge and complex organ system, the maintenance of proper GIT and liver health is an arduous task. GIT disturbances such as diarrhea, stomach ache, flatulence, constipation, nausea, and vomiting are very common, and they contribute to a significant burden on the healthcare system. Pharmacies are full of over-the-counter pharmacological drugs to alleviate its common conditions. However, these drugs do not always prove to be fully effective and patients have to keep on living with these ailments without a proper and long-term solution. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide to the role of herbal medicines in dealing with gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, which is supported by systematic reviews and evidence-based trials. People have depended on herbal medications for centuries for the treatment of various ailments of the GIT, liver, and other organ system problems. Recently, this trend of incorporating herbal medication for the treatment of various diseases in both developing and developed countries have surged. Many people continue to use herbal medications, even though substantial data about their efficacy, uses, and toxicological effects do not exist. In addition, while herbal medicines have enormous benefits in both the prevention and the treatment of medical ailments, they can also have toxicological effects. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that appropriate time, energy, and resources are spent on the development of ethnopharmacology. In addition, herbal products should be classified in a pattern similar to pharmacological medications, including their uses, side effects, mechanism of action, efficacy, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Murad Habib
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anina Qureshi
- Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Fareed
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reem Altaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umair Ilyas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yongtao Duan, ; Muhammad Abbas,
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Yongtao Duan, ; Muhammad Abbas,
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Docrat TF, Abdul NS, Marnewick JL. The phytotherapeutic potential of commercial South African medicinal plants: current knowledge and future prospects. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
South Africa, a country considered affluent in nature, ranks third in global biodiversity and encompasses approximately 9% of higher plants on planet Earth. Many indigenous plants have been utilised as herbal medicine, proving successful in treating numerous ailments. From the common cold to pandemic maladies such as COVID-19 in the 21st century and the treatment of incurable diseases, South African inhabitants have found great promise in the healing properties of these plants. Phytomedicine is a rapidly evolving topic, with in-depth bioactive composition analysis, identifying therapeutic action mechanisms, and disease prevention. While we are now poised to take advantage of nature’s medicine cabinet with greater scientific vigour, it remains critical that these practises are done with caution. Overharvesting significantly impacts biodiversity and cultivation practices amidst the beautiful nature of these nutraceuticals. This book chapter focuses on the therapeutic potential of commonly used South African medicinal plants, their ethnopharmacological properties, and how we can conserve this treasure cove we call home for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen F. Docrat
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
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Abudalo R, Abudalo R, Alqudah A, Abuqamar A, Abdelaziz A, Alshawabkeh M, Taha L. Pharmacy practitioners' practice, awareness and knowledge about herbal products and their potential interactions with cardiovascular drugs. F1000Res 2022; 11:912. [PMID: 36212547 PMCID: PMC9520230 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121709.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Herbal medicine use is widespread among patients, as community pharmacies may provide such products. Therefore, pharmacy practitioners should be aware of potential herbal products' adverse effects and herb-drug interactions, particularly with medications for comorbid diseases, such as cardiovascular drugs, in which pharmacy practitioners need to have good knowledge to provide patients with relevant advice to get optimal and safe therapeutic outcomes. Accordingly, the study is designed to assess the knowledge and awareness of pharmacy practitioners regarding herbal product dispensing and cardiovascular drug interaction in Jordan and view their role in patients' counselling to set up safe and effective drug use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan using an online formatted questionnaire distributed to pharmacy practitioners working in community pharmacies. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed for the responses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26. Results: Out of 508 participants, 41.7% had medium knowledge of herbal products pertaining mainly to university education (68.1%); 55.1% of participants dispensed herbal products without prescriptions for obesity and weight reduction (72.8%) and gastrointestinal problems (70.9%); this is because respondents agreed that herbal remedies are safe (28.5%) and effective (38.4%). Whilst the knowledge level of respondents about herbal medicine interaction with cardiovascular medication was medium, with a mean of 1.94, as this interaction may result in potentially serious consequences, 40.7% of respondents strongly agreed to gain more knowledge about the side effects of herbal products and medicine interactions through educational courses. Conclusions: The pharmacy practitioners had medium knowledge of herbal products; however, more attention should be paid to herb-drug interactions in the pharmacy educational curriculum. Additionally, pharmacy practitioners need to refresh their knowledge by attending periodic educational courses and by using reliable resources for information about herbal products in order to provide effective and competent pharmaceutical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Abudalo
- Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan,
| | - Razan Abudalo
- Department of Radiology, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Ayman Abuqamar
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amr Abdelaziz
- Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Maram Alshawabkeh
- Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Luma Taha
- Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Carmona F, Pereira AMS. Prescription patterns of herbal medicines at a Brazilian Living Pharmacy: the Farmácia da Natureza experience, 2013–2019. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ju M, Kim N, Shin CM, Park YS, Yoon H, Choi Y, Lee DH. [A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Exploratory Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Goodmorning S Granule ® on Constipation]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:17-27. [PMID: 35879059 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disease that reduces the quality of life and incurs considerable medical expenses. Bisacodyl and sodium docusate are generally used to treat constipation. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of Goodmorning S Granule® (Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju, Korea) in functional constipation by a comparison with bisacodyl. METHODS A 2-week randomized, double-blind, active-controlled exploratory clinical trial was conducted to compare the treatment (Goodmorning S Granule®) with the control (bisacodyl). The efficacy was measured by the changes in transition, Bristol stool type, stomachache, clinical manifestation, defecation time after drug consumption, 36-item short-form survey (SF-36), and the results of improvement evaluation. The safety was evaluated by the incidence of adverse drug events and vital signs. Additional analyses were conducted by dividing the severity according to the proportion of Bristol Stool Scale types 1 and 2. RESULTS Subjects were randomized to the treatment (n=24) or control (n=26) groups. No significant differences were observed in demographics. After 2 weeks from the baseline, the changes in the complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) were higher in the treatment (4.00±2.62) group than in the control group (1.40±2.34) (p<0.05). The treatment group exhibited significant improvement in the score on the SF-36 questionnaire. The clinical side effects, such as stomachache and borborygmus, were reduced in the moderate constipation patients in the treatment group, according to additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Goodmorning S Granule®, a herbal medicine, was more effective in improving quality of life and CSBM per week and safer in the moderate constipation groups because of the reduced clinical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjin Ju
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yonghun Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Michel P, Granica S, Rosińska K, Glige M, Rojek J, Poraj Ł, Olszewska MA. The Effect of Standardised Leaf Extracts of Gaultheria procumbens on Multiple Oxidants, Inflammation-Related Enzymes, and Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory Functions of Human Neutrophils. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103357. [PMID: 35630834 PMCID: PMC9144433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens are polyphenol-rich traditional medicines used to treat inflammation-related diseases. The present study aimed to optimise the solvent for the effective recovery of active leaf components through simple direct extraction and verify the biological effects of the selected extract in a model of human neutrophils ex vivo. The extracts were comprehensively standardised, and forty-one individual polyphenols, representing salicylates, catechins, procyanidins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, were identified by UHPLC–PDA–ESI–MS3. The chosen methanol–water (75:25, v/v) extract (ME) was obtained with the highest extraction yield and total phenolic levels (397.9 mg/g extract’s dw), including 98.9 mg/g salicylates and 299.0 mg/g non-salicylate polyphenols. In biological tests, ME revealed a significant and dose-dependent ability to modulate pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory functions of human neutrophils: it strongly reduced the ROS level and downregulated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue remodelling enzymes, especially IL-1β and elastase 2, in cells stimulated by fMLP, LPS, or fMLP + cytochalasin B. The extracts were also potent direct scavengers of in vivo relevant oxidants (O2•−, •OH, and H2O2) and inhibitors of pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2, hyaluronidase, and lipoxygenase). The statistically significant correlations between the tested variables revealed the synergic contribution of individual polyphenols to the observed effects and indicated them as useful active markers for the standardisation of the extract/plant material. Moreover, the safety of ME was confirmed in cytotoxicity tests. The obtained results might partially explain the ethnomedicinal application of G. procumbens leaves and support the usage of the standardised leaf extract in the adjuvant treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-779-169
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Rosińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Małgorzata Glige
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jarosław Rojek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Łukasz Poraj
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.G.); (J.R.); (Ł.P.); (M.A.O.)
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Yadav A, Yadav SS, Singh S, Dabur R. Natural products: Potential therapeutic agents to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174995. [PMID: 35523319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle (SkM) is the largest organ, which plays a vital role in controlling musculature, locomotion, body heat regulation, physical strength, and metabolism of the body. A sedentary lifestyle, aging, cachexia, denervation, immobilization, etc. Can lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, which is further responsible for SkM atrophy (SmA). To date, the understanding of the mechanism of SkM mass loss is limited which also restricted the number of drugs to treat SmA. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to regulate muscle homeostasis. Presently, some natural products attained immense attraction to regulate SkM homeostasis. The natural products, i.e., polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin), terpenoids (ursolic acid, tanshinone IIA, celastrol), flavonoids, alkaloids (tomatidine, magnoflorine), vitamin D, etc. exhibit strong potential against SmA. Some of these natural products have been reported to have equivalent potential to standard treatments to prevent body lean mass loss. Indeed, owing to the large complexity, diversity, and slow absorption rate of bioactive compounds made their usage quite challenging. Moreover, the use of natural products is controversial due to their partially known or elusive mechanism of action. Therefore, the present review summarizes various experimental and clinical evidence of some important bioactive compounds that shall help in the development of novel strategies to counteract SmA elicited by various causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Phytotherapeutic Approaches to the Prevention of Age-Related Changes and the Extension of Active Longevity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072276. [PMID: 35408672 PMCID: PMC9000830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining quality of life with an increase in life expectancy is considered one of the global problems of our time. This review explores the possibility of using natural plant compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and anti-neurodegenerative properties to slow down the onset of age-related changes. Age-related changes such as a decrease in mental abilities, the development of inflammatory processes, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes have a significant impact on maintaining quality of life. Herbal preparations can play an essential role in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases that accompany age-related changes, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Medicinal plants have known sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroprotective, nootropic, and antiparkinsonian properties. The secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenolic compounds, are valuable substances for the development of new anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agents. Understanding how mixtures of plants and their biologically active substances work together to achieve a specific biological effect can help develop targeted drugs to prevent diseases associated with aging and age-related changes. Understanding the mechanisms of the biological activity of plant complexes and mixtures determines the prospects for using metabolomic and biochemical methods to prolong active longevity.
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Salem MA, Aborehab NM, Al-Karmalawy AA, Fernie AR, Alseekh S, Ezzat SM. Potential Valorization of Edible Nuts By-Products: Exploring the Immune-Modulatory and Antioxidants Effects of Selected Nut Shells Extracts in Relation to Their Metabolic Profiles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030462. [PMID: 35326112 PMCID: PMC8944461 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a potent army that defends our body against various infections and diseases through innate and adaptive immunity. Herbal medicine is one of the essential sources for enhancing immunity because of affordability, availability, minor side effects, and consumers’ preferences. Hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and peanuts are among the most widespread edible nuts that are rich in phenolics, fats, fibers, vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The potential of nut shells in phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention as a sustainable solution for waste recycling. Here, we determined the in vitro immune-modulatory activity as well as the metabolite profile of the four nut shell extracts. The addition of the extracts to LPS-stimulated macrophages, especially peanut and walnut shells, has downregulated the gene expression of AP-1, TNF-α, IL-8, iNOS, and COX-2 expression levels. Significant antioxidant capabilities and immune-modulatory effects have been traced for peanut shells. UPLC-MS metabolic profiling of the four nut shell extracts allowed the detection of a relatively high level of phenolic compounds in peanut shells. Intriguingly, a significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content was found, indicating the contribution of the phenolic compounds to the antioxidant properties and hence the immune-modulatory activity. Furthermore, molecular docking and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed kaempferol rutinoside and proanthocyanidin A5’ as potential iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St., Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.A.); Tel.: +20-1032927063 (M.A.S.); +49-331-567-8211 (S.A.)
| | - Nora M. Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt;
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.A.); Tel.: +20-1032927063 (M.A.S.); +49-331-567-8211 (S.A.)
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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Wainwright CL, Teixeira MM, Adelson DL, Buenz EJ, David B, Glaser KB, Harata-Lee Y, Howes MJR, Izzo AA, Maffia P, Mayer AM, Mazars C, Newman DJ, Nic Lughadha E, Pimenta AM, Parra JA, Qu Z, Shen H, Spedding M, Wolfender JL. Future Directions for the Discovery of Natural Product-Derived Immunomodulating Drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106076. [PMID: 35074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology, with contributions from a Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a "position statement" on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David L Adelson
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eric J Buenz
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., Integrated Discovery Operations, North Chicago, USA.
| | - Yuka Harata-Lee
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alejandro Ms Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, IL, USA.
| | - Claire Mazars
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Adriano Mc Pimenta
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - John Aa Parra
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanyuan Shen
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Del C Reyes-Vázquez N, de la Rosa LA, Morales-Landa JL, García-Fajardo JA, García-Cruz MÁ. Phytochemical content and potential health applications of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] nutshell. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:150-167. [PMID: 34986772 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220105104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pecan nutshell contains phytochemicals with various biological activities that are potentially useful in the prevention or treatment of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and metabolic imbalances associated with heart diseases. OBJECTIVE To update this topic by means of a literature review and include those that contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activities of pecan nutshell, particularly of those related to the therapeutic potential against some chronic degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. METHOD Exhaustive and detailed review of the existing literature using electronic databases. CONCLUSION The pecan nutshell is a promising natural product with pharmaceutical uses in various diseases. However, additional research related to the assessment of efficient extraction methods and characterization, particularly the evaluation of the mechanisms of action in new in vivo models, is necessary to confirm these findings and development of new drugs with therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemí Del C Reyes-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A. C. Subsede Noreste. 66629 Apodaca-66629, Nuevo León, México
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas. Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez-32310, Chihuahua, México
| | - Juan Luis Morales-Landa
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A. C. Subsede Noreste. 66629 Apodaca-66629, Nuevo León, México
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A. C. Subsede Noreste. 66629 Apodaca-66629, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Alberto García-Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A. C. Subsede Noreste. 66629 Apodaca-66629, Nuevo León, México
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza-66450, Nuevo León, México
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Haffez H, Osman S, Ebrahim HY, Hassan ZA. Growth Inhibition and Apoptotic Effect of Pine Extract and Abietic Acid on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via Alteration of Multiple Gene Expressions Using In Vitro Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:293. [PMID: 35011526 PMCID: PMC8746537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro anti-proliferative activity of Pinus palustris extract and its purified abietic acid was assessed against different human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) compared to normal WI-38 cell line. Abietic acid showed more promising IC50 values against MCF-7 cells than pine extract (0.06 µg/mL and 0.11 µM, respectively), with insignificant cytotoxicity toward normal fibroblast WI-38 cells. Abietic acid triggered both G2/M cell arrest and subG0-G1 subpopulation in MCF-7, compared to SubG0-G1 subpopulation arrest only for the extract. It also induced overexpression of key apoptotic genes (Fas, FasL, Casp3, Casp8, Cyt-C and Bax) and downregulation of both proliferation (VEGF, IGFR1, TGF-β) and oncogenic (C-myc and NF-κB) genes. Additionally, abietic acid induced overexpression of cytochrome-C protein. Furthermore, it increased levels of total antioxidants to diminish carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. P. palustris is a valuable source of active abietic acid, an antiproliferative agent to MCF-7 cells through induction of apoptosis with promising future anticancer agency in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Helwan Structural Biology Center for Excellence, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | | | - Hassan Y. Ebrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab A. Hassan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
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27
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Idu MD, Edehia O–O, Gabriel BO. Anti-diabetic effect of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis on low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed on a high-fat diet. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods
Sets of male albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 180 and 250 g were exposed to high fat diet (margarine and oil from vegetable sources in a ratio of 2:1 w/v) for 3 weeks. Then the animals were fasted overnight; hyperglycemic state was induced using reduced dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7); group A received the HFD + STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.); group B received HFD + STZ + gliberclamide (10 mg/kg; i.p); groups C, D and E were administered the HFD + streptozotocin with different doses of the ethanol extract (30, 35 and 100 mg/kg p.o., respectively).
Results
Results showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration of the rats treated with different doses of S. jamaicensis extract and those treated with gliberclamide compared to the untreated diabetic rats (negative control). Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in activities of serum AST, ALP, total protein and bilirubin were noticed in the groups in contrast to the control. Levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride were considerably (p < 0.05) low while sodium and bicarbonate levels were high in the groups except the control. Lipid profile revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL, VLDL while HDL levels were high in the groups compared to the control. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated weight loss. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and pancreas showed ameliorative effect of the extract against the deleterious changes occasioned by the HFD and STZ induced diabetic state.
Conclusion
These findings have provided scientific basis for the use of S. jamaicensis in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ethnomedicinal practices in Nigeria.
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Chakraborty R, Roy S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from plants: A review of their diversity, modes of action, prospects, and concerns in the management of diabetes-centric complications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:478-492. [PMID: 34642085 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Government College, Matigara 734010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734011, West Bengal, India.
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29
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Bacong JRC, Juanico DEO. Predictive Chromatography of Leaf Extracts Through Encoded Environmental Forcing on Phytochemical Synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613507. [PMID: 34512676 PMCID: PMC8424046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environment fluctuations can influence a plant's phytochemical profile via phenotypic plasticity. This adaptive response ensures a plant's survival under fluctuating growth conditions. However, the resulting plant extract composition becomes unpredictable, which is a problem for highly standardized medicinal applications. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of tracking the changes in the phytochemical profile based on real-time measurements of a few environment and extract-preparation variables. As a result, we predicted the chromatograms of Blumea balsamifera extracts through an imputation-augmented convolutional neural network, which uses the image-transformed temporal measurements of the variables. We developed a sensor network that collected data in a greenhouse and a training algorithm that concurrently generated a data representation of the implicit plant-environment interactions leading to the mutable chromatograms of leaf extracts. We anticipate the generic applicability of the method for any plant and recognize its potential for addressing the standardization problems in plant therapeutics.
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30
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Kramberger K, Kenig S, Jenko Pražnikar Z, Kočevar Glavač N, Barlič-Maganja D. A Review and Evaluation of the Data Supporting Internal Use of Helichrysum italicum. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081738. [PMID: 34451781 PMCID: PMC8399527 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum is a Mediterranean plant with various pharmacological activities. Despite extensive reports on the bioactivity of the plant, its clinically studied applications have not yet been reviewed. The aim of our study was to gather information on the internal use of H. italicum and its bioactive constituents to determine its efficacy and safety for human use. We reviewed research articles that have not been previously presented in this context and analyzed relevant clinical studies with H. italicum. Cochranelibrary.com revealed six eligible clinical trials with H. italicum that examined indications for pain management, cough, and mental exhaustion. Although the efficacy of H. italicum has been demonstrated both in in vitro tests and in humans, it is difficult to attribute results from clinical trials to H. italicum alone, as it has usually not been tested as the sole component. On the other hand, clinical trials provide positive information on the safety profile since no adverse effects have been reported. We conclude that H. italicum is safe to use internally, while new clinical studies with H. italicum as a single component are needed to prove its efficacy. Based on the recent trend in H. italicum research, further studies are to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (S.K.); (Z.J.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (S.K.); (Z.J.P.)
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (S.K.); (Z.J.P.)
| | | | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (S.K.); (Z.J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-5-662-6467
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31
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Analysing Clusters of Consumers Who Use Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The trend towards health and environmental protection has led to an increase in the consumption of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) products. The market for MAP products is influenced by consumer behaviour and therefore the aim of this study was to identify consumer segments that use MAP products for phytotherapeutic, cosmetic and personal care purposes according to their perceptions, attitudes and consumption habits and possible correlations between consumption of MAP products and interest in a healthy lifestyle and sustainable behaviour. Data collection was performed by administering a questionnaire to Cluj-Napoca residents. The final sample consisted of two groups of MAP consumers: the first with 231 respondents who use these products for phytotherapeutic purposes, the second group—with 297 respondents who use them as cosmetic and personal care products. The collected data were statistically analysed using the k-means clustering model, resulting in two distinct clusters in both consumer groups: cluster 1, the “Curious”, and Cluster 2, the “Knowledgeable”. For the consumers of the second cluster, consumption was positively correlated with healthcare and environmental protection, while they exhibited a growing interest in environmentally certified MAP products. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the MAP products consumption behaviour while tackling the practical implications for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry through the development and innovation of products tailored to consumer needs.
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32
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Gomes CL, Silva CCAR, Melo CGDE, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, DA Silva RMF, Rolim LA, Rolim Neto PJ. Development of an analytical method for determination of polyphenols and total tannins from leaves of Syzygium cumini L. Skeels. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190373. [PMID: 34287463 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio C A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco Governador Miguel Arraes (LAFEPE), Largo de Dois Irmãos, 1117, Dois Irmãos, 52171-010 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila G DE Melo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Magda R A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rosali M F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Central de Análise de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Rolim Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Adesanya EO, Sonibare MA, Ajaiyeoba EO, Egieyeh SA. Compounds isolated from hexane fraction of Alternanthera brasiliensis show synergistic activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a “serious threat” by the centre for Disease Control, USA. Alternanthera brasiliensis plant, usually found on wasteland, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is traditionally used for wound healing and has shown antimicrobial effect. Yet, this plant has not been fully explored for its antibacterial activity. Hence, this study evaluated isolated compounds from this plant for its activity against MRSA infections. The leaves extracts and fractions were prepared and concentrated in vacuo using a rotatory evaporator. Isolated compounds were obtained through vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) techniques and structurally elucidated with various spectroscopic techniques. Anti-MRSA assay of the fraction and compounds were evaluated by agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution methods while checkerboard assay was used to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed fatty acid and carboxylic acid components like hexadecanoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Fettsäure. The compounds AbHD1 and AbHD5 were identified as hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate. Anti-MRSA assay shows that A. brasiliensis hexane fraction (AbHF) and the compounds had zones of inhibitions (Zi) ranging from 7.3 ± 0.5 to 17.5 ± 0.5 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.22 × 10−5 – 2.5 mg/mL. Synergistic effects were observed between AbHF and erythromycin, AbHF and ampicillin and AbHF and ciprofloxacin with FICi 0.208–0.375 in K1St4 strain while amoxicillin revealed antagonistic effects against M91 strain (4.67). Similarly, hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate showed synergistic behaviour only with ampicillin against K1St4 while the rest were antagonistic. The study revealed that hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from A. brasiliensis showed synergistic activity in variations against MRSA isolate and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubo Adeola Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | | | - Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape , Cape Town , South Africa
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Jeong S, Lee YS, Kim K, Yoon JS, Kim S, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. 2-O-Methylhonokiol Suppresses HCV Replication via TRAF6-Mediated NF-kB Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126499. [PMID: 34204438 PMCID: PMC8234778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with various liver diseases. Chronic HCV infection is characterized by an abnormal host immune response. Therefore, it is speculated that to suppress HCV, a well-regulated host immune response is necessary. 2-O-methylhonokiol was identified by the screening of anti-HCV compounds using Renilla luciferase assay in Huh 7.5/Con 1 genotype 1b replicon cells. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which 2-O-methylhonokiol treatment inhibits HCV replication using real-time PCR. Our data shows that treatment with 2-O-methylhonokiol activated innate immune responses via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. Additionally, the immunoprecipitation result shows that treatment with 2-O-methylhonokiol augmented tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) by preventing p62 from binding to TRAF6, resulting in reduced autophagy caused by HCV. Finally, we reproduced our data with the conditioned media from 2-O-methylhonokiol-treated cells. These findings strongly suggest that 2-O-methylhonokiol enhances the host immune response and suppresses HCV replication via TRAF6-mediated NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Young-seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ji-su Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0940
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El-Sawalhi S, Fayad E, Porras G, Fayad AA, Abdel-Massih RM. The antibacterial activity of Libanstin from Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate). Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104962. [PMID: 34139315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are reported to be one of the major causes of death in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns of an increase in the deaths number because of antibacterial resistance. Lately, a trend towards searching for new active antibacterial compounds in plants has been observed. Ilex paraguariensis, known as Yerba Mate, is a plant known to be rich in numerous bioactive compounds that have an important role in human health. In this study, Yerba Mate was extracted with acetone: water (1:1) and further fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The obtained fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values on S. aureus ranged from 1.56 to 3.12 mg/mL for both the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Whereas for the water fraction, the MIC values ranged from 0.78 to 3.12 mg/mL on S. aureus and ranged from 1.56 mg/mL to 3.12 mg/mL on Salmonella species. The aqueous fraction was further treated with different enzymes to mimic in vivo digestion and the fractions obtained were then tested for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the Yerba Mate aqueous fraction was run on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and collected fractions were tested for antibacterial activity, to identify the active metabolite. Fraction 3 was tested on different strains of S. aureus and the MIC values ranged from 0.19 to 1.56 μg/mL. A novel pyrazinone, Libanstin, from Ilex paraguariensis was identified using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah El-Sawalhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, University of Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Elie Fayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, University of Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Gina Porras
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Lebanon; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens in Lebanon
| | - Roula M Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, University of Balamand, Lebanon.
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Spectral characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of Aloysia citriodora essential oils collected from two Palestinian regions. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:143. [PMID: 34001110 PMCID: PMC8130314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aloysia citriodora Palau (AC) is commonly known as Lemon Verbena and has been utilized as a medicinal tea in folkloric medicine for the treatment of abdominal spasm, anxiety, and fever. The present investigation aimed to identify the chemical ingredients of AC essential oil (EO) collected from two different locations in Palestine and to assess their antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory effects. Methods Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) technique was used to identify the chemical components of the hydro-distilled EO from both regions, while DPPH, MTS, and COX assays were utilized to estimate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and COX inhibitory activities of the EOs, respectively. Moreover, a broth microdilution assay was used to assess antimicrobial potentials against seven microbial strains. Results The GC/MS technique revealed the presence of 17 compounds from the AC collected from the Umm al-Fahm region and 13 compounds from the sample from the Baqa al-Gharbiyye region, while α-citral was the major component of both EOs, representing 47.62 and 43.46%, respectively. The Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO exerted more potent antioxidant activity than the Umm al-Fahm EO, with IC50 values of 11.74 ± 0.18 and 35.48 ± 0.14 μg/mL, respectively, while the positive control Trolox had antioxidant IC50 values of 2.45 ± 0.01 μg/mL. Interestingly, both EOs inhibited more potential activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Proteus vulgaris than Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin antibiotics and also showed more potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans than Fluconazole. Moreover, the Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO had a more potent cytotoxic effect than the Umm al-Fahm EO, with IC50 values of 84.5 ± 0.24 and 33.31 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively, compared with Doxorubicin, which had an IC50 dose of 22.01 ± 1.4 μg/mL. The EOs from Baqa al-Gharbiyye showed potent activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, with IC50 of 52.93 ± 0.13 and 89.31 ± 0.21 μg/mL, respectively, while the EOs from the Umm al-Fahm region showed weaker activity against these enzymes, with IC50 of 349.99 ± 0.33 and 1326.37 ± 1.13 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Both characterized EOs have a huge variety of chemical components. The Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO has more potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities than the Umm al-Fahm EO, but both have potential antimicrobial activity against MRSA, P. vulgaris, and C. albicans. These results suggest the use of AC EOs as promising sources of active ingredients in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03314-1.
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Gregory J, Vengalasetti YV, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040543. [PMID: 33917843 PMCID: PMC8068256 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods—This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and pre-Alzheimer’s disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions—Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gregory
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
| | - Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
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Oalđe M, Kolarević S, Živković J, Alimpić Aradski A, Jovanović Marić J, Kračun Kolarević M, Đorđević J, Marin PD, Šavikin K, Vuković-Gačić B, Duletić-Laušević S. A comprehensive assessment of the chemical composition, antioxidant, genoprotective and antigenotoxic activities of Lamiaceae species using different experimental models in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:3233-3245. [PMID: 33877247 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research was aimed to assess the potential of Glechoma hederacea, Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Leonurus cardiaca, Marrubium vulgare and Sideritis scardica (Lamiaceae) methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts against the damaging effects of oxidative stress using different experimental models. The chemical characterization was done spectrophotometrically by quantifying total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavonols in the extracts, as well as by employing HPLC-DAD technique. Moreover, DPPH assay was used to assess the extracts' radical scavenging potential. Genoprotective properties of the extracts were evaluated using plasmid pUC19 Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, whereas their antigenotoxic potential was determined using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and normal human lung fibroblasts. All of the extracts showed antioxidant activity in DPPH assay. Furthermore, the results have shown that aqueous extracts provided the best protection for plasmid DNA, while alcoholic extracts most effectively contributed to the preservation of prokaryotic DNA. Additionally, each of the tested samples significantly protected the eukaryotic cells against genomic damages. Finally, despite not showing exceptional results in DPPH assay, S. scardica extracts are regarded as the most favorable in maintaining the integrity of DNA, which might be due to high quantities of phenolics such as quercetin (up to 17.95 mg g-1), naringin (up to 5.07 mg g-1) and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (up to 3.54 mg g-1). Overall, this comprehensive concept highlights the ability of these Lamiaceae species to safeguard the DNA from reactive oxygen species, to curtail the inflicted damage and also improve the efficiency of the DNA repair mechanisms, while emphasizing the importance of polyphenols as their active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oalđe
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Chair of Plant Morphology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ghaderi S, Babaei E, Hussen BM, Mahdavi M, Azeez HJ. Gemini Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer OVCAR-3 Cells via Induction of Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:775-781. [PMID: 32767955 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807223340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Despite recent advances in treatment, most patients still suffer from poor prognosis. Curcumin has shown highly cytotoxic effects against different types of cancer. However, its poor bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Gemini Curcumin (Gemini-Cur) has been developed to overcome this limitation. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to unravel the inhibitory effect of Gemini-Cur in ovarian cancer. METHODS OVCAR-3 cells were treated with free curcumin and Gemni-Cur in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Then, the anticancer activity was investigated by uptake kinetics, cellular viability and apoptotic assays. Furthermore, we evaluated the BAX/Bcl-2 expression ratio by real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Our data showed that gemini surfactant nanoparticles enhance the cellular uptake of curcumin compared to free curcumin (p<0.01). Regarding the growth inhibitory effect of nano-curcumin, the results demonstrated that Gemini-Cur suppresses the proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells through induction of apoptosis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results illustrate that Gemini-Cur nanoparticles have a great potential for developing novel therapeutics against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonbol Ghaderi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar M Hussen
- Medical Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hewa J Azeez
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Das G, Patra JK, Kang SS, Shin HS. Pharmaceutical importance of some promising plant species with special reference to the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:15-29. [PMID: 33480340 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active principles from natural sources, in the form of extracts and natural compounds, provide an infinite number of bioactive compounds with consummate disposal of chemical diversity. These compounds and active principles are of utmost importance in the discovery of drugs of biological origin particularly, from plants. OBJECTIVE Development of resourceful technology for the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds of medicinal importance is considered as an important task for researchers. There are a number of extraction, isolation, and characterization techniques currently utilized; however, most are laborious and use toxic chemicals and huge quantities of raw materials with a very low output. There are a number of abiotic and biotic factors that affects the quality and the quantity of plants bioactive compounds. Considering this the objectives of the current review is to discuss the various extraction and characterization techniques used to isolate the essential bioactive compounds from three plant species and the biotic and abiotic factors that affects the quantity and quality of the plants secondary metabolites. METHODS Many advanced technologies have been developed and tested for extraction, characterization, and their capacity for high yield products, and those requiring less application of toxic solvents are investigated continuously. CONCLUSION In this context, the present review summarizes the different types of extraction and characterization techniques utilized commercially by the food, drug, and pharmaceutical industries for better output and environmentally- and healthbenefiting products with special reference to three industrially important plants: Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (Lamiaceae) and Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) and Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Aloaceae or Asphodelaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
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Khan SR, Al Rijjal D, Piro A, Wheeler MB. Integration of AI and traditional medicine in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:982-992. [PMID: 33476566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AI integration in plant-based traditional medicine could be used to overcome drug discovery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur R Khan
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Dana Al Rijjal
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Piro
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mirzaeian R, Sadoughi F, Tahmasebian S, Mojahedi M. The role of herbal medicines in health care quality and the related challenges. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of herbal medicines. Quality control and safety are two critical principles to be considered in the production process of herbal medicines. This review study aimed to investigate the condition of the countries other than Iran in terms of observing the safety principles, quality control, and meeting the standard of herbal drug use. In this systematic review, references were selected using the search terms "health-care quality" and "challenges of herbal medicine usage" from the databases "Web of Science" and "PubMed" published between 2000 and 2019. To select the resources among the selected literature, confirmation was accomplished by two researchers and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ). The selected papers were classified based on publication year, journal, country, reference standards, regulation, toxicity evaluation, quality control, efficacy, safety, and adverse effects in herbal medicine. From 1532 retrieved papers, 27 papers with an estimated Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.81 were confirmed and included in the study. Based on the analysis, the main findings of the papers were thematically classified into seven subcategories as follows: reference standards in herbal medicine, regulation of herbal medicinal products, toxicity evaluation for herbal products, quality control of herbal medicine, efficacy, adverse effects of herbal medicine, and safety. Given the significance of the effects of herbal medicines on health care quality, it is essential to codify guidelines on the proper use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Mirzaeian
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sadoughi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Tahmasebian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Mojahedi
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Pinto IC, Seibert JB, Pinto LS, Santos VR, de Sousa RF, Sousa LRD, Amparo TR, Dos Santos VMR, do Nascimento AM, de Souza GHB, Vasconcellos WA, Vieira PMA, Andrade ÂL. Preparation of glass-ionomer cement containing ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) fruits: chemical and biological assays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22312. [PMID: 33339861 PMCID: PMC7749175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants may contain beneficial or potentially dangerous substances to humans. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new drug delivery system based on a glass-ionomer-Brazilian pepper extract composite, to check for its activity against pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, along with its in vitro biocompatibility. The ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (BPE), the glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and the composite GIC-BPE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermal analysis. The BPE compounds were identified by UPLC–QTOF–MS/MS. The release profile of flavonoids and the mechanical properties of the GIC-BPE composite were assessed. The flavonoids were released through a linear mechanism governing the diffusion for the first 48 h, as evidenced by the Mt/M∞ relatively to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sqrt t$$\end{document}t, at a diffusion coefficient of 1.406 × 10–6 cm2 s−1. The ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that a chemical bond between the GIC and BPE components may have occurred, but the compressive strength of GIC-BPE does not differ significantly from that of this glass-ionomer. The GIC-BPE sample revealed an ample bacterial activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations for the human fibroblast MRC-5 cells. These results suggest that the prepared composite may represent an alternative agent for endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Janaína B Seibert
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luciano S Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Santos
- Departamento de Clínica, Patologia e Cirurgias Odontológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F de Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas R D Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane R Amparo
- Laboratório de Fitotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane M R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea M do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Walisson A Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula M A Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ângela L Andrade
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Silva JJMD, Campanharo SC, Paschoal JAR. Ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:48-90. [PMID: 33443807 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives to the use of conventional veterinary drugs in food-producing animals have gained attention, such as the use of natural products (NPs), mainly to soften the risks to the animal, the environment, and consumer's health. Although NPs have consistent advantages over conventional drugs, they cannot be considered risk free under food safety matters. In this way, this document presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of considering both the pharmacological and toxicological properties of the constituents of a NP from plants intending the standardization and regulation of its use in food-producing animals. Terpenes are the most diverse class of natural substances present in NP of vegetal origin with a broad range of biological activities that can be explored in veterinary science; however, certain plants and terpenes also have significant toxic effects, a fact that can harm the health of animals and consequently generate economic losses and risks for humans. In this context, this review gathered scientific data of vegetal species of importance to ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals, which produce terpenes, its biological effects, and their implications on food safety issues for consumers. For this, more than 300 documents were selected from different online scientific databases. The present data and discussion may contribute to the rational commercial exploration of this class of NPs in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sarah Chagas Campanharo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Ghiulai R, Roşca OJ, Antal DS, Mioc M, Mioc A, Racoviceanu R, Macaşoi I, Olariu T, Dehelean C, Creţu OM, Voicu M, Şoica C. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E5557. [PMID: 33256207 PMCID: PMC7730621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are among the most common skin conditions, displaying a large etiological diversity and being characterized by different degrees of severity. Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple steps such as inflammation, proliferation and maturation and ends with scar formation. Since ancient times, a widely used option for treating skin wounds are plant- based treatments which currently have become the subject of modern pharmaceutical formulations. Triterpenes with tetracyclic and pentacyclic structure are extensively studied for their implication in wound healing as well as to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to summarize the main results of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted on lupane, ursane, oleanane, dammarane, lanostane and cycloartane type triterpenes as potential wound healing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Oana Janina Roşca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Diana Simona Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Ioana Macaşoi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Tudor Olariu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Octavian Marius Creţu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Codruţa Şoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
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Di Sotto A, Mancinelli R, Gullì M, Eufemi M, Mammola CL, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Chemopreventive Potential of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes: An Overview of Preliminary Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3034. [PMID: 33081075 PMCID: PMC7603190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention is referred to as a strategy to inhibit, suppress, or reverse tumor development and progression in healthy people along with high-risk subjects and oncologic patients through using pharmacological or natural substances. Numerous phytochemicals have been widely described in the literature to possess chemopreventive properties, although their clinical usefulness remains to be defined. Among them, caryophyllane sesquiterpenes are natural compounds widely occurring in nature kingdoms, especially in plants, fungi, and marine environments. Several structures, characterized by a common caryophyllane skeleton with further rearrangements, have been identified, but those isolated from plant essential oils, including β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and isocaryophyllene, have attracted the greatest pharmacological attention. Emerging evidence has outlined a complex polypharmacological profile of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes characterized by blocking, suppressing, chemosensitizing, and cytoprotective properties, which suggests a possible usefulness of these natural substances in cancer chemoprevention for both preventive and adjuvant purposes. In the present review, the scientific knowledge about the chemopreventive properties of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes and the mechanisms involved have been collected and discussed; moreover, possible structure-activity relationships have been highlighted. Although further high-quality studies are required, the promising preclinical findings and the safe pharmacological profile encourage further studies to define a clinical usefulness of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes in primary, secondary, or tertiary chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
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Chen Z, Xu L, Gao X, Wang C, Li R, Xu J, Zhang M, Panichayupakaranant P, Chen H. A multifunctional CeO 2@SiO 2-PEG nanoparticle carrier for delivery of food derived proanthocyanidin and curcumin as effective antioxidant, neuroprotective and anticancer agent. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109674. [PMID: 33233251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticle systems could effectively overcome the drug delivery challenges of food bioactive compounds. In this study, a novel and effective multifunctional PEG modified CeO2@SiO2 nanoparticle (CSP-NPs) system was successfully fabricated. Food derived proanthocyanidin (PAC) and curcumin (Cur) were loaded onto CSP-NPs and formed as PAC-NPs and Cur-NPs. Fourier transform Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the prepared NPs. CSP-NPs, PAC-NPs and Cur-NPs displayed spherical shape with about 35-45 nm size. The bioactivity analysis revealed that CSP-NPs system could effectively deliver PAC and Cur to exhibit strong antioxidant activity, potent neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-42-mediated toxicity in PC-12 cells (recovered cell viability from 57.5% to 81.0% at the dose of 25 μg/mL) and effective antiproliferative effects on HepG2 and Hela cells. Besides, all prepared nanoparticles (0-100 µg/ml) used in this study showed no significant toxicity on cell models of antioxidative and neuroprotective activities, excepting for cancer cells, suggesting that these nanoparticles had the potential of being utilized in drug delivery. Therefore, CSP-NPs might be a promising delivery system for hydrophilic molecule proanthocyanidin and hydrophobic molecule curcumin against the oxidative damage, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, which could facilitate the application of food derived nutrients in functional foods industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Synergistic Effect between Usnic Acid and Polymyxin B against Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9852145. [PMID: 32849907 PMCID: PMC7441413 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9852145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates to polymyxin B in a public hospital in Recife-PE, Brazil, between the years of 2018 and 2019, as well as to search for the presence of the mcr-1 gene and evaluate the interaction between polymyxin B and usnic acid against these isolates. The strains were identified using the BD Phoenix™ automated system and the agar-spot test was used to determine the susceptibility profile to polymyxin B. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of usnic acid and polymyxin B were determined through the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Subsequently, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the mcr-1 gene in the isolates. The interaction between usnic acid and polymyxin B was evaluated by the Checkerboard assay. Among 34 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 26.5% (9/34) were positive for the polymyxin B agar-spot test, and 11.8% (4/34) presented an intermediate susceptibility (MIC = 4 μg/mL), while 14.7% (5/34) presented antimicrobial resistance with MIC values ranging from 8 to 32 μg/mL. Among 38 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 13.2% (5/38) were positive for the polymyxin B agar-spot test and all of them were resistant to polymyxin B with a MIC value > 32 μg/mL. The mcr-1 gene was not detected in the clinical isolates. Regarding usnic acid, it presented a moderate antibacterial activity against two P. aeruginosa isolates (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and no activity was detected against the others. A synergistic effect between usnic acid and polymyxin B was observed against three clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa which were resistant to polymyxin B (FICI ≤ 0.5). Therefore, it was possible to observe that usnic acid is a promising candidate to be used in combination with polymyxin B against infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Lee MM, Kim HG, Lee JS, Lee SB, Cho JH, Lee DS, Lee NH, Lee HD, Moon SO, Son CG. Synergistic hepatoprotective effects of CG plus on CCl 4-induced acute injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112441. [PMID: 31786446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese/Korean medicine suggests "blood stasis ()", "stagnation of vital energy ()" and "dampness and Phlegm ()" as the main etiologies of liver disorders, and multiherbal formulas are generally believed to exert synergistic action. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic hepatoprotective effects of CGplus (a mixture of Salviae miltiorrhiza, Artemisia iwayomogi and Ammomum xanthioides) compared to those of the individual herbs. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of fifty-six male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into eight groups and were administered water (normal and CCl4 groups), 100 mg/kg S. miltiorrhiza, A. iwayomogi, or A. xanthioides, 50 or 100 mg/kg CGPlus or dimethyl dimethoxybiphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) as a positive control for 4 consecutive days. After a single CCl4 injection (i.p., 10 mL/kg of 0.2% CCl4 in olive oil), blood and liver tissues were collected after 18 h of fasting for serum biochemistry, histopathological examination and molecular analyses. RESULTS CCl4 injection induced drastic hepatic injury characterized by a more than 30-fold increase in the release of AST and ALT into the serum. These alterations were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with each of the three herbs, while the effects of the individual herbs were synergistically augmented by CGPlus pretreatment. The synergistic hepatoprotective actions of CGPlus were demonstrated consistently by analyses of oxidative stress (oxidative stressors, oxidation products and antioxidant enzymes), pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10), and apoptosis (caspase-3, p53 and BAX) and histopathology. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CGPlus exerts its hepatoprotective effects in a synergistic manner, and further studies are required for clinical application using other chronic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Min Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Dong Lee
- National Institute for Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ok Moon
- National Institute for Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Caesar LK, Cech NB. Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: when 1 + 1 does not equal 2. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:869-888. [PMID: 31187844 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019 According to a 2012 survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 18% of the U.S. population uses natural products (including plant-based or botanical preparations) for treatment or prevention of disease. The use of plant-based medicines is even more prevalent in developing countries, where for many they constitute the primary health care modality. Proponents of the medicinal use of natural product mixtures often claim that they are more effective than purified compounds due to beneficial "synergistic" interactions. A less-discussed phenomenon, antagonism, in which effects of active constituents are masked by other compounds in a complex mixture, also occurs in natural product mixtures. Synergy and antagonism are notoriously difficult to study in a rigorous fashion, particularly given that natural products chemistry research methodology is typically devoted to reducing complexity and identifying single active constituents for drug development. This report represents a critical review with commentary about the current state of the scientific literature as it relates to studying combination effects (including both synergy and antagonism) in natural product extracts. We provide particular emphasis on analytical and Big Data approaches for identifying synergistic or antagonistic combinations and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their interactions. Specific case studies of botanicals in which synergistic interactions have been documented are also discussed. The topic of synergy is important given that consumer use of botanical natural products and associated safety concerns continue to garner attention by the public and the media. Guidance by the natural products community is needed to provide strategies for effective evaluation of safety and toxicity of botanical mixtures and to drive discovery in botanical natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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