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Chang J, Wang J, Li X, Zhong Y. Predicting prospective therapeutic targets of Bombyx batryticatus for managing diabetic kidney disease through network pharmacology analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39598. [PMID: 39287308 PMCID: PMC11404872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses, and executed in vitro experiments to assess the mechanisms and prospective targets associated with the bioactive components of Bombyx batryticatus in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The bioactive components and potential targets of B batryticatus were sourced from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Using 5 disease databases, we conducted a comprehensive screening of potential disease targets specifically associated with DKD. Common targets shared between the bioactive components and disease targets were identified through the use of the R package, and subsequently, a protein-protein interaction network was established using data from the STRING database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses pertaining to the identified common targets were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Molecular docking simulations involving the bioactive components and their corresponding targets were modeled through AutoDock Vina and Pymol. Finally, to corroborate and validate these findings, experimental assays at the cellular level were conducted. Six bioactive compounds and 142 associated targets were identified for B batryticatus. Among the 796 disease targets associated with DKD, 56 targets were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed the involvement of these shared targets in diverse biological processes and signaling pathways, notably the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking analyses indicated a favorable binding interaction between quercetin, the principal bioactive compound in B batryticatus, and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase. Subsequently, in vitro experiments substantiated the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt. The present study provides theoretical evidence for a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms and molecular targets by which B batryticatus imparts protective effects against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Kasinath BS, Sharma K, Choudhury GG. High glucose-induced downregulation of PTEN-Long is sufficient for proximal tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114116. [PMID: 38830568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
During the progression of diabetic kidney disease, proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to high glucose to induce hypertrophy and matrix expansion leading to renal fibrosis. Recently, a non-canonical PTEN has been shown to be translated from an upstream initiation codon CUG (leucine) to produce a longer protein called PTEN-Long (PTEN-L). Interestingly, the extended sequence present in PTEN-L contains cell secretion/penetration signal. Role of this non-canonical PTEN-L in diabetic renal tubular injury is not known. We show that high glucose decreases expression of PTEN-L. As a mechanism of its function, we find that reduced PTEN-L activates Akt-2, which phosphorylates and inactivate tuberin and PRAS40, resulting in activation of mTORC1 in tubular cells. Antibacterial agent acriflavine and antiviral agent ATA regulate translation from CUG codon. Acriflavine and ATA, respectively, decreased and increased expression of PTEN-L to altering Akt-2 and mTORC1 activation in the absence of change in expression of canonical PTEN. Consequently, acriflavine and ATA modulated high glucose-induced tubular cell hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. Importantly, expression of PTEN-L inhibited high glucose-stimulated Akt/mTORC1 activity to abrogate these processes. Since PTEN-L contains secretion/penetration signals, addition of conditioned medium containing PTEN-L blocked Akt-2/mTORC1 activity. Notably, in renal cortex of diabetic mice, we found reduced PTEN-L concomitant with Akt-2/mTORC1 activation, leading to renal hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. These results present first evidence for involvement of PTEN-L in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Huang J, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116185. [PMID: 38237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, and hyperglycemic memory associated with diabetes carries the risk of disease occurrence, even after the termination of blood glucose injury. The existence of hyperglycemic memory supports the concept of an epigenetic mechanism involving n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Several studies have shown that m6A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This review addresses the role and mechanism of m6A RNA modification in the progression of DKD, including the regulatory role of m6A modification in pathological processes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and non-coding (nc) RNA. This reveals the importance of m6A in the occurrence and development of DKD, suggesting that m6A may play a role in hyperglycemic memory phenomenon. This review also discusses how some gray areas, such as m6A modified multiple enzymes, interact to affect the development of DKD and provides countermeasures. In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of DKD from the perspective of m6A modifications and provides new targets for future therapeutic strategies. In addition, the insights discussed here support the existence of hyperglycemic memory effects in DKD, which may have far-reaching implications for the development of novel treatments. We hypothesize that m6A RNA modification, as a key factor regulating the development of DKD, provides a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of DKD and provides a novel option for the clinical management of patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Huang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China.
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Han LL, Wang SH, Yao MY, Zhou H. Urinary exosomal microRNA-145-5p and microRNA-27a-3p act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:92-104. [PMID: 38313849 PMCID: PMC10835498 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function, is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial; Therefore, sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed. Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney. The microRNAs (miRNAs) in urinary exosome are remarkably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney. AIM To determine if urinary exosomal miRNAs from diabetic patients can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for early DKD diagnosis. METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups: DM, diabetic patients without albuminuria [urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) < 30 mg/g] and DKD, diabetic patients with albuminuria (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g). Healthy subjects were the normal control (NC) group. Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-29c-3p, were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical indexes was evaluated. The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group (miR-145-5p: 4.54 ± 1.45 vs 1.95 ± 0.93, P < 0.001; miR-27a-3p: 2.33 ± 0.79 vs 1.71 ± 0.76, P < 0.05) and the NC group (miR-145-5p: 4.54 ± 1.45 vs 1.55 ± 0.83, P < 0.001; miR-27a-3p: 2.33 ± 0.79 vs 1.10 ± 0.51, P < 0.001). The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.784-0.985, P < 0.0001] in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71 (95%CI: 0.547-0.871, P = 0.0239). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament, cytoskeleton, and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD, including apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ming-Yan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Rastogi S, Mishra SS, Arora MK, Kaithwas G, Banerjee S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh L. Lactate acidosis and simultaneous recruitment of TGF-β leads to alter plasticity of hypoxic cancer cells in tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108519. [PMID: 37625521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactate acidosis is often observed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. This is because glucose breaks down quickly via glycolysis, causing lactate acidity. Lactate is harmful to healthy cells, but is a major oncometabolite for solid cancer cells that do not receive sufficient oxygen. As an oncometabolite, it helps tumor cells perform different functions, which helps solid hypoxic tumor cells spread to other parts of the body. Studies have shown that the acidic TME contains VEGF, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which help spread in direct and indirect ways. Although each cytokine is important in its own manner in the TME, TGF-β has received much attention for its role in metastatic transformation. Several studies have shown that lactate acidosis can cause TGF-β expression in solid hypoxic cancers. TGF-β has also been reported to increase the production of fatty acids, making cells more resistant to treatment. TGF-β has also been shown to control the expression of VEGF and MMPs, which helps solid hypoxic tumors become more aggressive by helping them spread and create new blood vessels through an unknown process. The role of TGF-β under physiological conditions has been described previously. In this study, we examined the role of TGF-β, which is induced by lactate acidosis, in the spread of solid hypoxic cancer cells. We also found that TGF-β and lactate work together to boost fatty acid production, which helps angiogenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Rastogi
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Shashank Shekher Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A central university), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India.
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Rhee KH, Yang SA, Pyo MC, Lim JM, Lee KW. MiR-155-5p Elevated by Ochratoxin A Induces Intestinal Fibrosis and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through TGF-β Regulated Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:473. [PMID: 37505742 PMCID: PMC10467050 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that induces fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in kidneys and livers. It enters our bodies through food consumption, where it is absorbed in the intestines. However, the impact of OTA on the intestines is yet to be studied. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that block the transcription of specific mRNAs and are, therefore, involved in many biochemical processes. Our findings indicate that OTA can induce EMT and intestinal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. This study examines the impact of OTA on intestinal toxicity and the role of miRNAs in this process. Following OTA treatment, miR-155-5p was the most elevated miRNA by next-generation sequencing. Our research showed that OTA increased miR-155-5p levels through transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), leading to the development of intestinal fibrosis and EMT. Additionally, the study identified that the modulation of TGF-β and miR-155-5p by OTA is linked to the inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and Smad2/3 accumulation in the progression of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.H.R.); (S.A.Y.); (M.C.P.); (J.-M.L.)
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Qiu D, Song S, Chen N, Bian Y, Yuan C, Zhang W, Duan H, Shi Y. NQO1 alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110712. [PMID: 37196773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes, and inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in its progression. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protects cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by toxic quinones. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of NQO1 against diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, the kidneys of type 2 diabetes model db/db mice were infected with adeno-associated virus vectors to induce NQO1 overexpression. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells transfected with NQO1 pcDNA3.1(+) were cultured under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Gene and protein expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected with MitoSOX Red. RESULT Our study revealed that the expression of NQO1 was markedly downregulated and that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TGF-β1 expression was upregulated in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions. Overexpression of NQO1 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1) secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) (collagen IV, fibronectin) accumulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (α-SMA, E-cadherin) in the db/db mouse kidneys and HG-cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, NQO1 overexpression ameliorated HG-induced TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways activation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that a TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, EMT and ECM-related protein expression in HG-exposed HK-2 cells. In addition, we found that the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and tempol increased the expression of NQO1 and decreased the expression of TLR4, TGF-β1, Nox1, and Nox4 and ROS production in HK-2 cells cultured under HG conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NQO1 alleviates diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yawei Bian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Szostak J, Gorący A, Durys D, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076214. [PMID: 37047185 PMCID: PMC10094215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting one in every five patients suffering from diabetes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Several factors and pathways are known to be involved in the development of the disease, such as reactive oxygen species or the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The expression of those proteins might be extensively regulated by microRNA. Recent research suggests that in diabetic nephropathy patients, the profile of miRNA is significantly changed. In this review, we focus on the actions of miRNA in various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Tepus M, Tonoli E, Verderio EAM. Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1041327. [PMID: 36712680 PMCID: PMC9877239 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also known as kidney failure, when the only possible treatments are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The end point of nearly all forms of CKD is kidney fibrosis, a process of unsuccessful wound-healing of kidney tissue. Detection of kidney fibrosis, therefore, often means detection of CKD. Renal biopsy remains the best test for renal scarring, despite being intrinsically limited by its invasiveness and sampling bias. Urine is a desirable source of fibrosis biomarkers as it can be easily obtained in a non-invasive way and in large volumes. Besides, urine contains biomolecules filtered through the glomeruli, mirroring the pathological state. There is, however, a problem of highly abundant urinary proteins that can mask rare disease biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which originate from renal cells and carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are an attractive source of potential rare CKD biomarkers. Their cargo consists of low-abundant proteins but highly concentrated in a nanosize-volume, as well as molecules too large to be filtered from plasma. Combining molecular profiling data (protein and miRNAs) of uEVs, isolated from patients affected by various forms of CKD, this review considers the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of uEVs biomarkers and their potential application in the translation of new experimental antifibrotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tepus
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta A. M. Verderio
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Chai J, Wang Y, Sun Z, Zhou Q, Xu J. Evaluation among trace elements, clinical parameters and type 1 diabetes according to sex: A new sight of auxiliary prediction in negative insulin auto-antibodies population. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127100. [PMID: 36410305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibited sex-specific metabolic status including oxidative stress with dynamic change of trace elements, which emphasized the importance of the evaluation of trace elements according to sex. Besides, the most significant characteristic, insulin auto-antibodies, could not be found in all T1D patients, which needed the auxiliary prediction of clinical parameters. And it would benefit the early detection and treatment if some high-risk groups of T1D could predict and prevent the occurrence of disease through common clinical parameters. Hence, there was an urgent need to construct more effective and scientific statistical prediction models to serve clinic better. This study aimed to evaluate the sex-specific levels of trace elements and the relationship between trace elements and clinical parameters in T1D, and construct sex-specific auxiliary prediction model combined with trace elements and clinical parameters. METHODS A total of 105 T1D patients with negative insulin auto-antibodies and 105 age/sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in First Hospital of Jilin University. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was performed for the measurement of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in the serum, and the data of clinical parameters were received from medical record system. The lambda-mu-sigma method was used to evaluate the relationship between abnormal clinical parameters and trace elements. Training set and validation set were divided for the construction of predictable models in males and females: clinical parameters model, trace element model and the combined model (clinical parameters and trace elements). Goodness fit test, decision curve analysis and other related statistical methods were used to perform data analysis. RESULTS Lower levels of Mg, Ca, Fe in the serum were found in T1D population in females compared with healthy population, while levels of Fe, Zn and Cu of serum in T1D individuals were higher than those of healthy population in males. Levels of serum Mg, Fe and Cu in T1D group were found with significant sex difference for (P < 0.05), and the levels of Fe and Cu in serum of males were higher than those of females, level of serum Mg in males was lower than those of females. Levels of serum Mg and Zn showed fluctuation trend with increased numbers of abnormal clinical parameters (NACP) in males. Serum Zn in females showed consistent elevated trend with NACP; serum Se increased first and then decreased with NACP in males and females. The auxiliary prediction model (Triglyceride, Total protein, serum Mg) was found with the highest predicted efficiency in males (AUC=0.993), while the model in females (Apolipoprotein A, Creatinine, Fe, Se, Zn/Cu ratio) showed the best predicted efficiency (AUC=0.951). The models had passed the verification in validation set, and Chi-square goodness-of-fit test, DCA results both confirmed their satisfactory clinical applicability. CONCLUSION Sex-specific difference were found in serum Mg, Fe and Cu in T1D. The combination of triglyceride, total protein and serum Mg for males, and apolipoprotein A, creatinine, Fe, Se, Zn/Cu ratio for females could effectively predict T1D in patients with negative anti-bodies, which would provide alarm for the population with high-risk of T1D and serve the T1D prediction in patients with negative anti-bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Trink J, Ahmed U, O'Neil K, Li R, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Cell surface GRP78 regulates TGFβ1-mediated profibrotic responses via TSP1 in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098321. [PMID: 36909183 PMCID: PMC9998550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure in North America, characterized by glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. High glucose (HG) induction of glomerular mesangial cell (MC) profibrotic responses plays a central role in its pathogenesis. We previously showed that the endoplasmic reticulum resident GRP78 translocates to the cell surface in response to HG, where it mediates Akt activation and downstream profibrotic responses in MC. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is recognized as a central mediator of HG-induced profibrotic responses, but whether its activation is regulated by cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) is unknown. TGFβ1 is stored in the ECM in a latent form, requiring release for biological activity. The matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), known to be increased in DKD and by HG in MC, is an important factor in TGFβ1 activation. Here we determined whether csGRP78 regulates TSP1 expression and thereby TGFβ1 activation by HG. Methods: Primary mouse MC were used. TSP1 and TGFβ1 were assessed using standard molecular biology techniques. Inhibitors of csGRP78 were: 1) vaspin, 2) the C-terminal targeting antibody C38, 3) siRNA downregulation of its transport co-chaperone MTJ-1 to prevent GRP78 translocation to the cell surface, and 4) prevention of csGRP78 activation by its ligand, active α2-macroglobulin (α2M*), with the neutralizing antibody Fα2M or an inhibitory peptide. Results: TSP1 transcript and promoter activity were increased by HG, as were cellular and ECM TSP1, and these required PI3K/Akt activity. Inhibition of csGRP78 prevented HG-induced TSP1 upregulation and deposition into the ECM. The HG-induced increase in active TGFβ1 in the medium was also inhibited, which was associated with reduced intracellular Smad3 activation and signaling. Overexpression of csGRP78 increased TSP-1, and this was further augmented in HG. Discussion: These data support an important role for csGRP78 in regulating HG-induced TSP1 transcriptional induction via PI3K/Akt signaling. Functionally, this enables TGFβ1 activation in response to HG, with consequent increase in ECM proteins. Means of inhibiting csGRP78 signaling represent a novel approach to preventing fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Trink
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kian O'Neil
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Guo R, Wang P, Zheng X, Cui W, Shang J, Zhao Z. SGLT2 inhibitors suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition in podocytes under diabetic conditions via downregulating the IGF1R/PI3K pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897167. [PMID: 36225569 PMCID: PMC9550168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of podocyte is a characteristic pathological change of diabetic nephropathy (DN) which is associated with increased proteinuria. Many studies have shown that novel inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2-is), such as dapagliflozin, exert nephroprotective effect on delaying DN progression. However, the mechanisms underlying SGLT2-associated podocyte injury are still not fully elucidated. Here, we generated streptozotocin-induced DN models and treated them with dapagliflozin to explore the possible mechanisms underlying SGLT2 regulation. Compared to mice with DN, dapagliflozin-treated mice exhibited remission of pathological lesions, including glomerular sclerosis, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), podocyte injury in the glomeruli, and decreased nephrotoxin levels accompanied by decreased SGLT2 expression. The mRNA expression profiles of these treated mice revealed the significance of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R)/PI3K regulatory axis in glomerular injury. KEGG analysis confirmed that the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and insulin signaling pathway were enriched. Western blotting showed that SGLT2-is inhibited the increase of mesenchymal markers (α-SMA, SNAI-1, and ZEB2) and the loss of podocyte markers (nephrin and E-cad). Additionally, SGLT2, IGF1R, phosphorylated PI3K, α-SMA, SNAI-1, and ZEB2 protein levels were increased in high glucose-stimulated human podocytes (HPC) and significantly decreased in dapagliflozin-treated (50 nM and 100 nM) or OSI-906-treated (inhibitor of IGF1R, 60 nM) groups. However, the use of both inhibitors did not enhance this protective effect. Next, we analyzed urine and plasma samples from a cohort consisting of 13 healthy people and 19 DN patients who were administered with (n = 9) or without (n = 10) SGLT2 inhibitors. ELISA results showed decreased circulating levels of IGF1 and IGF2 in SGLT2-is-treated DN patients compared with DN patients. Taken together, our study reported the key role of SGLT2/IGF1R/PI3K signaling in regulating podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Modulating IGF1R expression may be a novel approach for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhanzheng Zhao, ; Jin Shang,
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhanzheng Zhao, ; Jin Shang,
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14
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Hung PH, Hsu YC, Chen TH, Ho C, Lin CL. The Histone Demethylase Inhibitor GSK-J4 Is a Therapeutic Target for the Kidney Fibrosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease via DKK1 Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169407. [PMID: 36012674 PMCID: PMC9409090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can cause inflammation and fibrosis, in addition to being the main complication of diabetes. Among many factors, epigenetic alterations in aberrant histone modifications play a key role in causing DKD. In this study, the mechanism of GSK-J4, a histone demethylase KDM6A inhibitor, was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. It was confirmed that GSK-J4, via dickkopf-1 (DKK1) modulation, could significantly reduce proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic mice. The mRNA accumulation levels of DKK1, TGF-β1, fibronectin, and collagen IV were significantly elevated in diabetic mice. In contrast, the mRNA accumulations of those genes were significantly reduced in diabetic mice treated with GSK-J4 compared to those in diabetic mice, relatively speaking. The protein accumulation levels of fibronectin and collagen IV were significantly elevated in diabetic mice. Furthermore, GSK-J4 attenuated the high glucose-induced expression of profibrotic factors in mesangial cells via DKK1. In conclusion, our study provides a novel strategy to eliminate fibrosis in the kidneys of DKD mice. Using GSK-J4 reduces DKK1 expression, thereby ameliorating renal insufficiency, glomerulosclerosis morphological abnormalities, inflammation, and fibrosis in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peir-Haur Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833253, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (C.-L.L.)
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15
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Li D, Huang LT, Zhang CP, Li Q, Wang JH. Insights Into the Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890509. [PMID: 35847662 PMCID: PMC9283766 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, commonly occurs in the elderly population, causing a significant medical and economic burden to the aging society worldwide. At present, there are few effective methods that achieve satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of PD. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are important neurotrophic factors that are expressed in various cell types. Their unique structures allow for specific binding that can effectively regulate vital functions in the nervous system. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms by which PDGFs/PDGFRs regulate the occurrence and development of PD by affecting oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein folding and aggregation, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell neuroinflammation. These modes of action mainly depend on the type and distribution of PDGFs in different nerve cells. We also summarized the possible clinical applications and prospects for PDGF in the treatment of PD, especially in genetic treatment. Recent advances have shown that PDGFs have contradictory roles within the central nervous system (CNS). Although they exert neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways, they are also associated with the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our recommendations based on our findings include further investigation of the contradictory neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of the PDGFs acting on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-pu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Li,
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Jia-He Wang,
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16
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Jalgaonkar MP, Parmar UM, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. SIRT1-FOXOs activity regulates diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106014. [PMID: 34856334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is continuously increasing in the recent decades. Persistent hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and the subsequent oxidative stress result in diabetic complications, primarily categorized as microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiomyopathy) complications. The complications are prevalent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Polyol pathway, elevated AGE production, PKC activation and hexosamine pathway are indeed the critical pathways involved in the progression of diabetic complications. Silent information regulator 2 or SIR2 or more commonly known as sirtuins are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has been extensively studied for its role in lifespan extension and needs to be explored for its beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Moreover, it is also known to regulate the activity of other proteins and transcription factors. One such substrate of SIRT1 is FOXOs transcription factor which has gained much attention as the mediator of various cellular processes such as cell cycle arrest and proliferation, DNA repair and metabolism. It has been reported that SIRT1 regulates the activity of FOXOs, whereas few recent advances also suggest a role FOXOs in governing the activity of SIRT1, which permits for a crosstalk between SIRT1 and FOXOs. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to describe and explore the interaction between SIRT1 and FOXOs, predominantly FOXO1 and FOXO3 and to understand the underlying mechanism of SIRT1-FOXOs in controlling and alleviating diabetic complications. Thus, this crosstalk suggests that SIRT1 and FOXOs may serve as potential therapeutic targets in treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Fawzy M, Al Ageeli E, Al‑Qahtani S, Abu Alsel B, Kattan S, Alelwani W, Toraih E. MicroRNA‑499a (rs3746444A/G) gene variant and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes‑associated end‑stage renal disease. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:63. [PMID: 34934434 PMCID: PMC8649846 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their variants may be implicated in health and disease, including DN. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the miRNA-499a gene (MIR499A) A/G seed region variant (rs3746444) with DN-associated ESRD susceptibility in patients with diabetes mellitus, and to determine whether there was an association between the different genotypes and the patients' laboratory and clinical data. A case-control pilot study was conducted on 180 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 90 patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis were considered as the cases, and 90 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched diabetic patients with normo-albuminuria were considered as the controls. MIR499A genotyping was performed using a TaqMan Real-Time allele discrimination assay. Results demonstrated that the MIR499A rs3746444*G variant conferred susceptibility to the development of ESRD under co-dominant [(odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.49 (1.41-3.89) and 2.41 (1.61-6.68) for heterozygous and homozygous comparison, respectively], dominant [2.30 (1.18-3.90)] and allelic [1.82 (1.17-2.83)] models. Different genotypes of the specified variant did not exhibit significant associations with the clinic-laboratory data of the studied patients or the circulating miR-499a plasma levels. In conclusion, results of the present study suggested that MIR499A rs3746444 may be a susceptibility variant for DN-associated ESRD in the study population. However, larger sample size studies with different ethnicities are warranted to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al‑Qahtani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraah Abu Alsel
- Department of Pathology, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Kattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 46522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112‑2632, USA
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Activators and Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC): Their Applications in Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111748. [PMID: 34834162 PMCID: PMC8621927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is classed into three subfamilies based on their structural and activation characteristics: conventional or classic PKC isozymes (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic PKC isozymes (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical PKC isozymes (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ). PKC inhibitors and activators are used to understand PKC-mediated intracellular signaling pathways and for the diagnosis and treatment of various PKC-associated diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Many clinical trials of PKC inhibitors in cancers showed no significant clinical benefits, meaning that there is a limitation to design a cancer therapeutic strategy targeting PKC alone. This review will focus on the activators and inhibitors of PKC and their applications in clinical trials.
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19
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Kumar V, Xin X, Ma J, Tan C, Osna N, Mahato RI. Therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and delivery systems for diabetes associated NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113888. [PMID: 34314787 PMCID: PMC8440458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fourth-leading cause of death. Hyperglycemia induces various complications, including nephropathy, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are several etiological factors leading to liver disease development, which involve insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation in the liver exerts oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Hepatocyte injury induces release of inflammatory cytokines from Kupffer cells (KCs), which are responsible for activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this review, we will discuss various molecular targets for treating chronic liver diseases, including homeostasis of FFA, lipid metabolism, and decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis, role of growth factors, and regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HSC activation. This review will also critically assess different strategies to enhance drug delivery to different cell types. Targeting nanocarriers to specific liver cell types have the potential to increase efficacy and suppress off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Natalia Osna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Fruit Antioxidants (Mango) on the Expression of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) in the Hippocampus and Kidney of Diabetic Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-021-09901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Yang H. Study of the Active Components and Molecular Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664416. [PMID: 34164430 PMCID: PMC8215273 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and molecular biology. First, the active ingredients and potential targets of TW were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and related literature materials, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network diagram of TW. Second, the target set of DN was obtained through the disease database, and the potential targets of TW in the treatment of DN were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed with the help of the String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Third, the ClueGO plug-in tool was used to enrich the GO biological process and the KEGG metabolic pathway. Finally, molecular docking experiments and cell pathway analyses were performed. As a result, a total of 52 active ingredients of TW were screened, and 141 predicted targets and 49 target genes related to DN were identified. The biological process of GO is mediated mainly through the regulation of oxygen metabolism, endothelial cell proliferation, acute inflammation, apoptotic signal transduction pathway, fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of cyclase activity, adipocyte differentiation and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways involved were AGE-RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF-1, IL-17, relaxin signalling pathway, TNF, Fc epsilon RI, insulin resistance and other signaling pathways. It can be concluded that TW may treat DN by reducing inflammation, reducing antioxidative stress, regulating immunity, improving vascular disease, reducing insulin resistance, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes, and reducing cell apoptosis, among others, with multicomponent, multitarget and multisystem characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of dysregulated blood glucose homeostasis. The current pandemic of diabetes is a significant driver of patient morbidity and mortality, as well as a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The global increase in the incidence of diabetes has prompted researchers to focus on the different pathogenic processes responsible for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Similarly, increased morbidity due to diabetic complications has accelerated research to uncover pathological changes causing these secondary complications. Albuminuria, or protein in the urine, is a well-recognised biomarker and risk factor for renal and cardiovascular disease. Albuminuria is a mediator of pathological abnormalities in diabetes-associated conditions such as nephropathy and atherosclerosis. Clinical screening and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is chiefly based on the presence of albuminuria. Given the ease in measuring albuminuria, the potential of using albuminuria as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases is gaining widespread interest. To assess the benefits of albuminuria as a biomarker, it is important to understand the association between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease. This review examines our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in both forms of diabetes, with specific focus on the link between albuminuria and specific vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappitha Raja
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alexander P Maxwell
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Lee NR, Kim DY, Jin H, Meng R, Chai OH, Kim SH, Park BH, Kim SM. Inactivation of the Akt/FOXM1 Signaling Pathway by Panobinostat Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5955. [PMID: 34073071 PMCID: PMC8199011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of cytostatic agents available for the treatment of various cancers and diseases. Although numerous clinical and pre-clinical trials on the anticancer effects of panobinostat have been conducted, only a few reports have investigated its efficacy in gastric cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of panobinostat in gastric cancer cells. Panobinostat significantly inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of the gastric cancer cell lines SNU484 and SNU638 in a dose-dependent manner; it reduced the colony-forming ability of these cells. Moreover, it induced apoptosis as indicated by increased protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase-3. Panobinostat induced the G2/M cell cycle arrest in SNU484 and SNU638 cells and subsequently decreased the G2/M phase regulatory-associated protein expression of p-Wee1, Myt1, and Cdc2. Furthermore, panobinostat significantly inhibited the metastasis of SNU484 and SNU638 cells by regulating the expression of MMP-9 and E-cadherin. Further, it decreased the protein levels of p-Akt and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1). These effects were reversed by the Akt agonist SC79 and were accelerated by the Akt inhibitor LY2940002. Moreover, tumor growth in xenograft animal experiments was suppressed by panobinostat. These results indicated that panobinostat inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and inactivating Akt/FOXM1 signaling. Cumulatively, our present study suggests that panobinostat is a potential drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ri Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Da-Yeah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ruoyu Meng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroentrology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition to the characteristic clinical manifestations of proteinuria, it also has a complex pathological process that results from the combined effects of multiple factors involving the whole renal structure such as glomeruli, renal tubules, and blood vessels. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are transcripts with no or low coding potential, among which micro RNA (miRNA) has been widely studied as a functional miRNA involved in regulation and a potential biomarker for disease prediction. The abundance of long coding RNA (lncRNA) in vivo is highly expressed with a certain degree of research progress, but the structural similarity makes the research still challenging. The research of circular RNA (circRNA) is still in its early stages. It is more relevant to the study to provide a more relevant link between diseases in the kidney and other tissues or organs. This classification review mainly summarized the biogenesis characteristics, the pathological mechanism of ncRNA-regulating diseases, the ways of ncRNA in the clinical prediction as a potential biomarker, and the interaction networks of ncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Roles of mTOR in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020321. [PMID: 33671526 PMCID: PMC7926630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the number of patients affected is increasing worldwide. Thus, there is a need to establish a new treatment for DKD to improve the renal prognosis of diabetic patients. Recently, it has shown that intracellular metabolic abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD. In particular, the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a nutrient-sensing signaling molecule, is hyperactivated in various organs of diabetic patients, which suggests the involvement of excessive mTORC1 activation in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In DKD, hyperactivated mTORC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of podocyte damage, which causes proteinuria, and tubular cell injury that decreases renal function. Therefore, elucidating the role of mTORC1 in DKD and developing new therapeutic agents that suppress mTORC1 hyperactivity may shed new light on DKD treatments in the future.
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Rehan M, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar AR, Logsdon NJ, Smith SR, Chanda D, Bernard K, Sanders YY, Deshane JS, Dsouza KG, Rangarajan S, Zmijewski JW, Thannickal VJ. Restoration of SIRT3 gene expression by airway delivery resolves age-associated persistent lung fibrosis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:205-217. [PMID: 34386777 PMCID: PMC8357317 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for progressive fibrotic disorders involving diverse organ systems, including the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an age-associated degenerative lung disorder, is characterized by persistence of apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts. In this report, we demonstrate that sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, is downregulated in lungs of IPF human subjects and in mice subjected to lung injury. Over-expression of the SIRT3 cDNA via airway delivery restored capacity for fibrosis resolution in aged mice, in association with activation of the forkhead box transcription factor, FoxO3a, in fibroblasts, upregulation of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, and recovery of apoptosis susceptibility. While transforming growth factor-β1 reduced levels of SIRT3 and FoxO3a in lung fibroblasts, cell non-autonomous effects involving macrophage secreted products were necessary for SIRT3-mediated activation of FoxO3a. Together, these findings reveal a novel role of SIRT3 in pro-resolution macrophage functions that restore susceptibility to apoptosis in fibroblasts via a FoxO3a-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Elekofehinti OO, Oyedokun VO, Iwaloye O, Lawal AO, Ejelonu OC. Momordica charantia silver nanoparticles modulate S OCS/JAK/STAT and P13K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:245-260. [PMID: 34178835 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) marked by gradual progressive loss of renal function. SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways are among the chain of interactions implicated in the onset, progression and pathology of DN. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is often used in folk medicine as therapy for DM due to its hypoglycemic properties. This study was designed to evaluate M. charantia silver nanoparticles' therapeutic effect on DN-induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in Wistar rats. Methods The M. charantia nanoparticles used was synthesized using the filtrate from the plant methanolic extract added to 1 mM concentration of aqueous silver nitrate. DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). The animals' treatment groups were divided into; Diabetic control (65 mg/kg STZ), Control, and groups treated with silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), and plant extract (100 mg/kg). Treatment was terminated after 11 days. RT-PCR determined renal mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, PTEN, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS3, SOCS4 and glucokinase (GCK). Consequently, characterized compounds from M. charantia identified from literatures were docked with PI3K, JAK2 and TGF-β and STAT3 to retrieve potential hits. Results Oral administration of M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) to STZ-induced diabetic untreated rats significantly ((p < 0.05) down-regulated the mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3 and upregulated the mRNA expression of PTEN, SOCS3 and SOCS4, thus establishing the role of M. charantia nanoparticles in alleviating DN in diabetic rats. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of glucose metabolizing gene (glucokinase) upon administering M. charantia nanoparticles. Molecular docking results showed 12 compounds from bitter melon with docking score ranging from -6.114 kcal/mol to -8.221 kcal/mol that are likely to exert anti-diabetic properties. Conclusion Observation drawn from this study suggests that M. charantia nanoparticles ameliorate DN through regulation of SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Victor Oluwatoyin Oyedokun
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Oluwamodupe Cecilia Ejelonu
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria
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Lu HC, Dai WN, He LY. Epigenetic Histone Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:329-344. [PMID: 33519221 PMCID: PMC7837569 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s288500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the main complication of diabetes mellitus, is the primary cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the most common chronic kidney disease. Overall, 30-40% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes eventually develop DKD. Although some diabetes patients have intensified glycemic control, they still develop diabetic kidney disease. Current treatment methods can alleviate but do not markedly halt disease development, resulting in renal failure and severe complications, even contributing to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. DKD is a disease with interactions of genes and the environment. Emerging evidence indicates that DKD-associated key genes are also regulated by the epigenetic mechanism. Recently, increasing researches involving cells and experimental animals demonstrated that histone post-translational modifications can mediate gene expression, which correlated with diabetic kidney disease. Novel therapeutic strategies for epigenetic events could be beneficial for the early detection and treatment of DKD to prevent it from developing into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this review, we discuss prior findings in the field of histone modifications in DKD, especially histone acetylation and histone methylation. We then focus on recent developments in histone acetylation and methylation involved in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li-Yu He Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8673185292064Fax +8673185295843 Email
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29
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Yarahmadi A, Shahrokhi SZ, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Azarpira N. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: From molecular mechanisms to new therapeutic targets of treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114301. [PMID: 33203517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable investigation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis and possible treatments, current therapies still do not provide competent prevention from disease progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in most patients. Therefore, investigating exact molecular mechanisms and important mediators underlying DN may help design better therapeutic approaches for proper treatment. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of many gene expression within the cells and present an excellent opportunity for new therapeutic approaches because their profile is often changed during many diseases, including DN. This review discusses the most important signaling pathways involved in DN and changes in miRNAs profile in each signaling pathway. We also suggest possible approaches for miRNA derived interventions for designing better treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yarahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhao C, Gu Y, Chen L, Su X. Upregulation of FoxO3a expression through PI3K/Akt pathway attenuates the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107027. [PMID: 33039957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FoxO3a plays key roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, and the PI3K-Akt-FoxO3a pathway has been proposed to modulate diverse biological processes. The aim of the present study, using lupus murine models, was to investigate whether FoxO3a contributes to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. LY294002 was used as an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. FoxO3a-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also used for in vivo intervention. Female MRL/lpr mice were separately injected with LY294002, LY294002+siFoxO3a, and LY294002+siControl for 8 weeks. C57BL/6 mice were normal controls. Disease development, including serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria, and renal pathological changes, was monitored. Levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and immune complex (IC) deposition in the kidney were also measured. The expression of proteins was evaluated. We found that significant downregulation of FoxO3a was detected in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice as compared with normal control mice. Blockade of p-FoxO3a activation by LY294002 suppressed PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway and the subsequent upregulation of FoxO3a in the nucleus resulting in the severity of inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice. Also, improved kidney function and decreased circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies were due to the upregulation of FoxO3a. Opposite results were obtained by specific siRNA silencing of Foxo3a in vivo. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that the upregulation of FoxO3a expression through inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway attenuates murine lupus nephritis (LN). Thus, our results suggest that targeting of FoxO3a can be considered as a novel strategy for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Yibin Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Lingyu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaotong Su
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
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Extracellular vesicles carrying miRNAs in kidney diseases: a systemic review. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:1103-1121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tan L, Tu Y, Wang K, Han B, Peng H, He C. Exploring protective effect of Glycine tabacina aqueous extract against nephrotic syndrome by network pharmacology and experimental verification. Chin Med 2020; 15:79. [PMID: 32765640 PMCID: PMC7395350 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth, one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines, has been used for treatment of nephritis, osteoporosis, rheumatism, and menopausal syndrome. The aim of this study was to illuminate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Glycine tabacina aqueous extract (GATE) in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS was used to analyze the chemical profile of GATE. Adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS mouse model and network pharmacology methods were conducted to explore the protective effect and mechanism of GATE on NS treatment. Results GATE administration significantly ameliorated symptoms of proteinuria and hyperlipidemia in NS mice, as evidenced by reduced excretion of urine protein and albumin, and decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in NS mice suggested that GATE could prevent renal function decline caused by ADR. GATE treatment also inhibited ADR-induced pathological lesions of renal tissues as indicated by periodic acid Schiff staining. Six flavonoids of GATE were identified by using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the protection of GATE in treating NS might be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the in vivo experiment validated that treatment with GATE markedly decreased reactive oxygen species production, malonaldehyde level, and increased superoxide dismutase activity both in plasma and renal tissues. TNF-α level in plasma and protein expression in kidney were significantly decreased in GATE treatment groups. Conclusions Combination of network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification revealed that GATE exerts anti-NS effect possibly through modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting the potential application of GATE or its derivatives in the prevention and treatment of NS and other related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao SAR China
| | - Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao SAR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao SAR China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao SAR China
| | - Hongquan Peng
- Renal Division, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao, 999078 Macao SAR China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao SAR China
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Kitada M, Xu J, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:755. [PMID: 32760286 PMCID: PMC7373076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion (O2•–) is produced by the process of oxidative phosphorylation associated with glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, resulting in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria. Excess production of reactive oxidants in the mitochondria, including O2•–, and its by-product, peroxynitrite (ONOO–), which is generated by a reaction between O2•– with nitric oxide (NO•), alters cellular function via oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mitochondria maintain an antioxidant enzyme system that eliminates excess ROS; manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is one of the major components of this system, as it catalyzes the first step involved in scavenging ROS. Reduced expression and/or the activity of Mn-SOD results in diminished mitochondrial antioxidant capacity; this can impair the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial function and may lead to the development and progression of kidney disease. Targeted therapeutic agents may protect mitochondrial proteins, including Mn-SOD against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, and this may consequently lead to the protection of renal function. Here, we describe the biological function and regulation of Mn-SOD and review the significance of mitochondrial oxidative stress concerning the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), with a focus on Mn-SOD dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Prostaglandin E1 attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in proximal renal tubular cells by inhibiting the JNK/Bim pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:561-571. [PMID: 31685975 PMCID: PMC7471471 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal renal tubular damage is a critical process underlying diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our previous study shows that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduces the apoptosis of renal tubular cells in DKD rats. But its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we investigated the protective effects of PGE1 in DKD rats and high glucose (HG, 30 mM)-treated HK-2 proximal tubular cells. Four weeks after uninephrectomized streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were established, the DKD rats were administered PGE1 (10 µg· kg−1· d−1, iv.) for 10 consecutive days. We showed that PGE1 administration did not change blood glucose levels, but alleviated diabetic kidney injury in the DKD rats, evidenced by markedly reduced proteinuria and renal tubular apoptosis. In the in vitro experiments, PGE1 (0.1–100 µM) significantly enhanced HG-reduced HK-2 cell viability. In HG-treated HK-2 cells, PGE1 (10 µM) significantly suppressed the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expressions such as Bim, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3; similar changes were also observed in the kidney of PGE1-treated DKD rats. By using two pharmacological tools-JNK activator anisomycin (AM) and JNK inhibitor SP600125, we revealed that PGE1 blocked HG-triggered activation of JNK/Bim pathway in HK-2 cells; JNK was an upstream regulator of Bim. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the nephroprotective effects of PGE1 against apoptosis of proximal renal tubule in DKD rats via suppressing JNK-related Bim signaling pathway.
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Vivar R, Humeres C, Anfossi R, Bolivar S, Catalán M, Hill J, Lavandero S, Diaz-Araya G. Role of FoxO3a as a negative regulator of the cardiac myofibroblast conversion induced by TGF-β1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118695. [PMID: 32169420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are necessary to maintain extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in the heart. Normally, CFs are quiescent and secrete small amounts of ECM components, whereas, in pathological conditions, they differentiate into more active cells called cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF). CMF conversion is characteristic of cardiac fibrotic diseases, such as heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy. TGF-β1 is a key protein involved in CMF conversion. SMADs are nuclear factor proteins activated by TGF-β1 that need other proteins, such as forkhead box type O (FoxO) family members, to promote CMF conversion. FoxO1, a member of this family protein, is necessary for TGF-β1-induced CMF conversion, whereas the role of FoxO3a, another FoxO family member, is unknown. FoxO3a plays an important role in many fibrotic processes in the kidney and lung. However, the participation of FoxO3a in the conversion of CFs into CMF is not clear. In this paper, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 decreases the activation and expression of FoxO3a in CFs. FoxO3a regulation by TGF-β1 requires activated SMAD3, ERK1/2 and Akt. Furthermore, we show that FoxO1 is crucial in the FoxO3a regulation induced by TGF-β1, as shown by overexpressed FoxO1 enhancing and silenced FoxO1 suppressing the effects of TGF-β1 on FoxO3a. Finally, the regulation of TGF-β1-induced CMF conversion was enhanced by FoxO3a silencing and suppressed by inhibited FoxO3a degradation. Considering these collective findings, we suggest that FoxO3a acts as a negative regulator of the CMF conversion that is induced by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio Humeres
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samir Bolivar
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseph Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Araya
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ni W, Zhou H, Ding H, Tang L. Berberine ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits podocyte dysfunction by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:297-306. [PMID: 31336024 PMCID: PMC7078081 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Amelioration of renal impairment is the key to diabetic nephropathy (DN) therapy. The progression of DN is closely related to podocyte dysfunction, but the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the renal impairment amelioration effect of berberine and related mechanisms targeting podocyte dysfunction under the diabetic state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to develop a DN rat model together with a high-glucose/high-lipid diet. Renal functional parameters and glomerular ultrastructure changes were recorded. The alterations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt in the kidney cortex were determined by western blot. Meanwhile, podocyte dysfunction was induced and treated with berberine and LY294002. After that, podocyte adhesion functional parameters, protein biomarker and the alterations of the PI3K-Akt pathway were detected. RESULTS Berberine reduces the increased levels of biochemical indicators, and significantly improves the abnormal expression of PI3K, Akt and phosphorylated Akt in a rat kidney model. In vitro, a costimulating factor could obviously reduce the podocyte adhesion activity, including decreased expression of nephrin, podocin and adhesion molecule α3β1 levels, to induce podocyte dysfunction, and the trends were markedly reversed by berberine and LY294002 therapy. Furthermore, reduction of PI3K and phosphorylated Akt levels were observed in the berberine (30 and 60 μmol/L) and LY294002 (40 μmol/L) treatment group, but the Akt protein expression showed little change. CONCLUSIONS Berberine could be a promising antidiabetic nephropathy drug through ameliorating renal impairment and inhibiting podocyte dysfunction in diabetic rats, and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jian Ni
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial Cancer HospitalWest District of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hai‐Hua Ding
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li‐Qin Tang
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
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Kato M, Natarajan R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 15:327-345. [PMID: 30894700 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. DKD is an important contributor to the morbidity of patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating a clear need for an improved understanding of disease aetiology to inform the development of more efficacious treatments. DKD is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, hypertrophy and fibrosis in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. Increasing evidence shows that genes associated with these features of DKD are regulated not only by classical signalling pathways but also by epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms can respond to changes in the environment and, importantly, might mediate the persistent long-term expression of DKD-related genes and phenotypes induced by prior glycaemic exposure despite subsequent glycaemic control, a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Detection of epigenetic events during the early stages of DKD could be valuable for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Identification of epigenetic signatures of DKD via epigenome-wide association studies might also inform precision medicine approaches. Here, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in DKD and the translational potential of candidate epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and drug targets for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Kiyanpour F, Abedi M, Gheisari Y. A systematic integrative approach reveals novel microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:1. [PMID: 32055241 PMCID: PMC7003547 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_289_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite huge efforts, the underlying molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are yet elusive, and holistic views have rarely been generated. Considering the complexity of DN pathogenesis, the integration of datasets from different molecular types to construct a multilayer map of DN can provide a comprehensive insight toward the disease mechanisms and also can generate new knowledge. Here, we have re-analyzed two mRNA microarray datasets related to glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of human diabetic kidneys. Materials and Methods: The quality of the datasets was confirmed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. For each dataset, differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, and transcription factors (TFs) regulating these genes and kinases phosphorylating the TFs were enriched. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the DE genes, TFs, and kinases were detected. Based on the harvested genes for glomeruli and tubulointerstitium, key signaling pathways and biological processes involved in diseases pathogenesis were recognized. In addition, the interaction of different elements in each kidney compartment was depicted in multilayer networks, and topology analysis was performed to identify key nodes. Central miRNAs whose target genes were most likely to be related to DN were selected, and their expressions were quantitatively measured in a streptozotocin-induced DN mouse model. Results: Among the examined miRNAs, miR-208a-3p and miR-496a-3p are, for the first time, found to be significantly overexpressed in the cortex of diabetic kidneys compared to controls. Conclusion: We predict that miR-208 is involved in oxygen metabolism and regulation of cellular energy balance. Furthermore, miR-496 potentially regulates protein metabolism and ion transport. However, their exact functions remain to be investigated in future studies. Taken together, starting from transcriptomics data, we have generated multilayer interaction networks and introduced novel players in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Kiyanpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abedi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Airborne Particulate Matter (PM 10) Inhibits Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a Pathway in Lung Epithelial Cells: The Role of a Second Oxidant Stimulus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020473. [PMID: 31940823 PMCID: PMC7014458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor particulate matter (PM10) exposure is carcinogenic to humans. The cellular mechanism by which PM10 is associated specifically with lung cancer includes oxidative stress and damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in the absence of apoptosis, suggesting that PM10 induces cellular survival. We aimed to evaluate the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway as a mechanism of cell survival in lung epithelial A549 cells exposed to PM10 that were subsequently challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results showed that pre-exposure to PM10 followed by H2O2, as a second oxidant stimulus increased the phosphorylation rate of pAKTSer473, pAKTThr308, and pFoxO3aSer253 2.5-fold, 1.8-fold, and 1.2-fold, respectively. Levels of catalase and p27kip1, which are targets of the PIK3/AKT/FoxO3a pathway, decreased 38.1% and 62.7%, respectively. None of these changes had an influence on apoptosis; however, the inhibition of PI3K using the LY294002 compound revealed that the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway was involved in apoptosis evasion. We conclude that nontoxic PM10 exposure predisposes lung epithelial cell cultures to evade apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway when cells are treated with a second oxidant stimulus.
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Wang B, Li Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Ma H. FOXO3a is stabilized by USP18-mediated de-ISGylation and inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibronectin expression. J Investig Med 2019; 68:786-791. [PMID: 31874933 PMCID: PMC7057795 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3a belongs to a family of transcription factors characterized by a conserved forkhead box DNA-binding domain. It has been known to regulate various cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Post-translational modifications of FOXO3a and their roles in the regulation of FOXO3a activity have been well-documented. FOXO3a can be phosphorylated, acetylated and ubiquitinated, however, the ISGylation of FOXO3a has not been reported. Protein overexpression, ISGylation and half-life were measured to determine the post-translational modification of FOXO3a. Human fibroblast cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to determine the role of FOXO3a ISGylation in TGF-β1 signaling. FOXO3a’s half-life is around 3.7 hours. Inhibition of the proteasome, not lysosome, extends its half-life. ISGylation, but not ubiquitination of FOXO3a, is increased in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor. Overexpression of ISG15 increases FOXO3a degradation, while overexpression of USP18 stabilizes FOXO3a through de-ISGylation. These results suggest that FOXO3a is degraded in the ISGylation and proteasome system, which can be reversed by USP18, an ISG15-specific deubiquitinase. This study reveals a new molecular mechanism by which ISGylation regulates FOXO3a degradation. Furthermore, we show that the overexpression of FOXO3a attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibronectin expression in human lung fibroblast cells without altering Smad2/3 expression and activation. FOXO3a can be ISGylated, which can regulate FOXO3a stability. USP18/FOXO3a pathway is a potential target for treating TGF-β1-mediated fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
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Yang G, Jin L, Zheng D, Tang X, Yang J, Fan L, Xie X. Fucoxanthin Alleviates Oxidative Stress through Akt/Sirt1/FoxO3α Signaling to Inhibit HG-Induced Renal Fibrosis in GMCs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120702. [PMID: 31842414 PMCID: PMC6950607 DOI: 10.3390/md17120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the main marine carotenoids, fucoxanthin has strong antioxidant activity. FoxO3α, a member of the forkhead box O family of transcription factors, plays an important role in DN by regulating oxidative stress. The activity of FoxO3α is related to its phosphorylation and acetylation status, regulated by Akt and Sirt1, a lysine deacetylase. Our study aimed to investigate whether fucoxanthin could alleviate oxidative stress and fibrosis via FoxO3α in DN and whether Akt and Sirt1 were involved. We found that in GMCs cultured in HG, fucoxanthin treatment significantly reduced the expression of FN and collagen IV, as well as reactive oxygen species generation, suggesting that fucoxanthin is beneficial to alleviate both fibrosis and oxidative stress in DN. In addition, we found that fucoxanthin decreased the phosphorylation and acetylation level of FoxO3α, reversed the protein level of FoxO3α inhibited by HG, and then promoted the nuclear transport of FoxO3α. Besides, fucoxanthin promoted the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, a downstream target of FoxO3α. Furthermore, we found that fucoxanthin reversed the activation of Akt and inhibition of Sirt1. However, the enhancement of fucoxanthin in FoxO3α expression and nuclear transport was significantly decreased by pretreatment with Akt activator SC79 or Sirt1 inhibitor EX527. In summary, our study explored fucoxanthin alleviated oxidative stress and fibrosis induced by HG through Akt/Sirt1/FoxO3α signaling in GMCs, suggesting fucoxanthin is a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lingxuan Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18-6089-58-617
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Li L, Wang Y, Guo R, Li S, Ni J, Gao S, Gao X, Mao J, Zhu Y, Wu P, Wang H, Kong D, Zhang H, Zhu M, Fan G. Ginsenoside Rg3-loaded, reactive oxygen species-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Control Release 2019; 317:259-272. [PMID: 31783047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a serious threat to the health and lives of patients without any effective therapy. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered a principal cause of MIRI. Some natural products, including ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), exhibit robust antioxidant activity. However, the lack of an effective delivery strategy for this hydrophobic compound hinders its clinical application. In addition, therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of Rg3 require further elucidation to establish its mode of action. This study aimed to generate ROS-responsive nanoparticles (PEG-b-PPS) via the self-assembly of diblock copolymers of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly (propylene sulfide) (PPS) and use them for Rg3 encapsulation and delivery. We identified FoxO3a as the therapeutic target of Rg3 using molecular docking and gene silencing. In rat ischemia-reperfusion model, an intramyocardial injection of Rg3-loaded PEG-b-PPS nanoparticles improved the cardiac function and reduced the infarct size. The mechanism of action was established as Rg3 targeting of FoxO3a, which inhibited the promotion of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis via downstream signaling pathways. In conclusion, this approach, involving ROS-responsive drug release, together with the identification of the target and mechanism of action of Rg3, provided an effective strategy for treating ischemic diseases and oxidative stress and could accelerate the implementation of hydrophobic natural products in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yili Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Sheng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pingli Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Xu Rongxiang Regeneration Life Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Deling Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Xu Rongxiang Regeneration Life Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Xu Rongxiang Regeneration Life Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Maity S, Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Kasinath BS, Ghosh Choudhury G. High glucose increases miR-214 to power a feedback loop involving PTEN and the Akt/mTORC1 signaling axis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2261-2272. [PMID: 31240704 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of PTEN repression by high glucose in diabetic nephropathy is not known. Using proximal tubular cells, we show that inhibition of PI3 kinase/Akt and their inactive enzymes prevents high glucose-induced PTEN downregulation. Similarly, rapamycin (Rapa) and shRaptor block suppression of PTEN by high glucose. In contrast, the constitutive activation of Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)C1 decrease the expression of PTEN, similarly to high glucose. Remarkably, PI3 kinase/Akt/mTORC1 inhibition significantly attenuates high glucose-stimulated increase in miR-214, which targets PTEN, while constitutively active Akt/mTORC1 increases miR-214. Furthermore, anti-miR-214 and mTORC1 inhibition block high glucose-induced hypertrophy and fibronectin expression. These results reveal the first evidence for the presence of a high glucose-forced positive feedback conduit between the three-layered kinase cascade and miR-214/ PTEN in tubular cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA.,VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA.,VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Histone Acetylation Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Neprilysin Gene Expressions in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-71. [PMID: 30465518 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181122092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptide system (NPS) alterations are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN), however its epigenetic regulation is still unclear. Interestingly, histone acetylation epigenetically regulates neprilysin expression in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at delineating role of histone acetylation in regulation of NPS in DCM and DN. METHODS Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were used to mimic pathogenesis of DCM and DN. After haemodynamic measurements, all the rat's plasma, heart and kidney were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, protein isolation and western blotting, RT-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Diabetic rats heart and kidney exhibited activation of NF-κB and TGF-β signalling with increased histone acetyl transferases (PCAF/CBP) expressions and augmented H2AK5Ac, H2BK5Ac, H3K18Ac, and H4K8Ac levels. ChIP assay results showed increased enrichment of H3K18Ac and H2BK5Ac at Nppa, Nppb (Heart) and Mme promoter (Heart/Kidney) in diabetic rats. Enrichment of H2AK5Ac was augmented on Nppa and Mme promoters in diabetic heart, while it remained unchanged on Nppb promoter in heart and Mme promoter in kidney. CONCLUSION Augmented histone acetylation at promoter regions of NPS gene(s), at least in a part, is responsible for increased expressions of ANP, BNP and NEP in diabetic heart and kidney. Hence, histone acetylation inhibitors can be considered as novel therapeutic targets against DCM and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
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Lee CM, He CH, Park JW, Lee JH, Kamle S, Ma B, Akosman B, Cotez R, Chen E, Zhou Y, Herzog EL, Ryu C, Peng X, Rosas IO, Poli S, Bostwick CF, Choi AM, Elias JA, Lee CG. Chitinase 1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/SMAD7 pathway via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900350. [PMID: 31085559 PMCID: PMC6516052 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a critical mediator of tissue fibrosis in health and disease whose effects are augmented by chitinase 1 (CHIT1). However, the mechanisms that CHIT1 uses to regulate TGF-β1-mediated fibrotic responses have not been defined. Here, we demonstrate that CHIT1 enhances TGF-β1-stimulated fibrotic cellular and tissue responses and TGF-β1 signaling. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the ability of CHIT1 to inhibit TGF-β1 induction of its feedback inhibitor, SMAD7. CHIT1 also interacted with TGF-β receptor associated protein 1 (TGFBRAP1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) with TGFBRAP1 playing a critical role in CHIT1 enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling and effector responses and FOXO3 playing a critical role in TGF-β1 induction of SMAD7. These pathways were disease relevant because the levels of CHIT1 were increased and inversely correlated with SMAD7 in tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. These studies demonstrate that CHIT1 regulates TGF-β1/SMAD7 axis via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3 and highlight the importance of these pathways in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chuan-Hua He
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suchita Kamle
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bedia Akosman
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Roberto Cotez
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xueyan Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sergio Poli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol Feghali Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Augustine M Choi
- Weill Cornell Medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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The Alcohol Extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt Ameliorates Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice through miR-192/miR-200b and PTEN/AKT and ZEB2/ECM Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5280514. [PMID: 31032350 PMCID: PMC6458854 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5280514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effects of the alcohol extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt (AC) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. A total of 30 db/db (DN) mice were divided into 3 groups, which were treated with AC (300 mg/kg/day), metformin (180 mg/kg/day), or saline by gavage for 10 weeks. Ten db/m mice treated with saline were used as normal control (NC group). Body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, 24 h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and renal pathological fibrosis were analyzed. Expression of miR-192, miR-200b, and proteins in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was analyzed by qPCR or western blot. The DN mice had significantly higher BW, FBG, and 24 h UAE, as well as more severe pathological fibrosis when compared with NC. Treatment of AC could decrease BW, FBG, and 24 h UAE and alleviated kidney damage. Compared with the NC group, expressions of miR-192 and miR-200b were increased, whereas their target proteins (ZEB2 and PTEN) were reduced in the kidneys of DN mice, which further modulated the expression of their downstream proteins PI3K p85α, P-AKT, P-smad3, and COL4 α1; these proteins were increased in the kidneys of DN mice. In contrast, AC treatment reversed the expression changes of these proteins. These findings demonstrate that AC may protect the kidneys of DN mice by decreasing miR-192 and miR-200b, which could further regulate their target gene expression and modulate the activity of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to reduce the degree of renal fibrosis.
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Tang J, Yao D, Yan H, Chen X, Wang L, Zhan H. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8719060. [PMID: 31885563 PMCID: PMC6914872 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8719060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients; it is also an important cause of renal dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of DN is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated; hence, the pathogenesis of DN to determine effective treatments of crucial importance is deeply explored. Early DN research focuses on hemodynamic changes and metabolic disorders, and recent studies have shown the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in genes, which may be a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the clinical value and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in DN, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Deyi Yao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjia Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
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48
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Silibinin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via improving diabetic condition in the mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 845:24-31. [PMID: 30597130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and one of the most severe diabetic complications. However, there is lack of effective treatments for DN and the underlying mechanisms of the renal injury remain unclear. In current study, we evaluated the effects of silibinin on DN and further explored the underlying mechanisms. We administrated silibinin to db/db mice for 10 weeks. Then we monitored the diabetic metabolic parameters, kidney function, oxidative stress and AKT signaling pathway in db/db mice. Administration of silibinin to db/db mice improved diabetic condition, as evidenced by the decrease of body weight, HbAc1level and serum insulin level in db/db mice. Silibinin prevented kidney injury and attenuated oxidative stress in db/db mice. Silibinin activated AKT signaling pathway and decreased the levels of p-GSK-3β, Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Silibinin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by activating the AKT signaling pathway.
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49
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Li J, Zheng J. Theaflavins prevent cartilage degeneration via AKT/FOXO3 signaling in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:821-830. [PMID: 30569095 PMCID: PMC6323294 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are the main bioactive polyphenols in tea and contribute to protection against oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation can lead to the disruption of cartilage homeostasis. The present study examined the potential effects of TFs on H2O2-induced cartilage degeneration in vitro. Cell Counting kit (CCK-8) was used to determine cell viability, and flow cytometric analysis was used to detect ROS, apoptosis and DNA damage. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of target factors. The present study revealed that TFs effectively reduced the expression of catabolic factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-13, interleukin-1 and cartilage glycoprotein 39. TFs inhibited ROS generation in cartilage degeneration, and suppressed apoptosis and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. TFs also downregulated the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, and the DNA damage-related genes, ATR serine/threonine kinase and ATM serine/threonine kinase. Furthermore, TFs enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase 1 and catalase, but reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and p-Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)a. Conversely, the effects of TFs on apoptosis and DNA damage were reversed by persistent activation of AKT. In conclusion, TFs prevented cartilage degeneration via AKT/FOXO3 signaling in vitro. The present study suggested that TFs may be a potential candidate drug for the prevention of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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Takami M, Cunha C, Motohashi S, Nakayama T, Iwashima M. TGF-β suppresses RasGRP1 expression and supports regulatory T cell resistance against p53-induced CD28-dependent T-cell apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1938-1943. [PMID: 30298904 PMCID: PMC6368088 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs) play pivotal roles in immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. A majority of tTregs are reactive to self-antigens and are constantly exposed to antigenic stimulation. Despite this continuous stimulation, tTreg and conventional T-cell populations remain balanced during homeostasis, but the mechanisms controlling this balance are unknown. We previously reported a form of activation-induced cell death, which is dependent on p53 (p53-induced CD28-dependent T-cell apoptosis, PICA). Under PICA-inducing conditions, tTregs survive while a majority of conventional T cells undergo apoptosis, suggesting there is a survival mechanism that protects tTregs. Here, we report that the expression of RasGRP1 (Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1) is required for PICA, as conventional T cells isolated from RasGRP1-deficient mice become resistant to PICA. After continuous stimulation, tTregs express a substantially lower amount of RasGRP1 compared to conventional T cells. This reduced expression of RasGRP1 is dependent on TGF-β, as addition of TGF-β to conventional T cells reduces RasGRP1 expression. Conversely, RasGRP1 expression in tTregs increases when TGF-β signaling is inhibited. Together, these data show that RasGRP1 expression is repressed in tTregs by TGF-β signaling and suggests that reduced RasGRP1 expression is critical for tTregs to resist apoptosis caused by continuous antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Van Kampen Cardio Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Immunology, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Van Kampen Cardio Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
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