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McCarthy AC, Angle A, Bliss S, Bertmann F, Belarmino EH, Rose K, Niles MT. Home and Wild Food Procurement Were Associated with Greater Intake of Fruits and Vegetables During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern New England in a Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2025; 17:1627. [PMID: 40431367 PMCID: PMC12114189 DOI: 10.3390/nu17101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Participation in home and wild food procurement (HWFP) activities (i.e., gardening, hunting, fishing, foraging, preserving food, raising livestock, and raising poultry for eggs) skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Procuring food through HWFP activities may have important food security and nutrition benefits, while also enhancing food sovereignty and food system resilience. This cross-sectional study examined the effect of HWFP activities on food security status, fruit and vegetable intake, and meat consumption. Methods: We used data collected in 2021 and 2022 from adults (n = 2001) through two statewide representative surveys in Maine and Vermont, United States. Dietary intake was assessed using the Dietary Screener Questionnaire. Food security status was assessed using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 6-item short-form food security module. We analyzed the data using linear regression, logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Sixty-one percent of respondents engaged in HWFP activities; the majority of those gardened. Households engaging in most individual HWFP activities had greater odds of being food insecure. HWFP engagement was positively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption. Specifically, gardening was associated with an additional one cup-equivalent in fruit and vegetable consumption per week compared to respondents that did not garden. Furthermore, when exploring these relationships disaggregated by food security status, we find that this effect is stronger for food insecure households than food secure households. Respondents from households that hunted were more likely to eat wild game meat and also consumed red and white meat more frequently compared to households that did not hunt. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate potential nutrition and food security benefits from engaging in HWFP activities. Future research should continue to examine a full suite of HWFP activities and their relationship to diet, health, food security, and food sovereignty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. McCarthy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Ashleigh Angle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Sam Bliss
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, 210 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Farryl Bertmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Emily H. Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, 210 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kelsey Rose
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Meredith T. Niles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.M.)
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, 210 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Carroll BT, McNaughton SA, Parker KE, Marchese LE, Livingstone KM. Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis. Nutr J 2024; 23:69. [PMID: 38943157 PMCID: PMC11214237 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease risk. However, understanding of barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable intake in rural settings is limited. This study used a mixed methods approach to determine the barriers and facilitators to increasing fruit and vegetable intake in rural Australian adults and to identify if these varied by gender. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative data were used from the 2019 Active Living Census, completed by adults living in north-west Victoria, Australia. Data were collected on fruit and vegetable intakes and barriers and facilitators to meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between facilitators, classified using the socio-ecological framework, and meeting recommendations. Machine learning was used to automate content analysis of open ended information on barriers. RESULTS A total of 13,464 adults were included in the quantitative analysis (51% female; mean age 48 [SE 0.17] years) with 48% and 19% of participants consuming the recommended two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily, respectively. Strongest facilitators to fruit consumption were at the individual level: never smoked (OR: 2.12 95% CI: 1.83-2.45) and not drinking alcohol (OR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.31-1.64). Strongest facilitators for vegetable consumption were found at all levels; i.e., individual level: used to smoke (OR: 1.48 95% CI: 1.21-1.80), social-environmental level: living with three or more people (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.22-1.63), and physical-environmental level: use community gardens (OR: 1.20 95% CI: 1.07-1.34). Qualitative analyses (fruit n = 5,919; vegetable n = 9,601) showed that barriers to fruit consumption included a preference for other snacks and desire to limit sugar content, whilst lack of time and unachievable guidelines were barriers for vegetables. Barriers and facilitators differed by gender; females experienced barriers due to having a more varied diet while males reported a dislike of the taste. CONCLUSIONS Barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption among rural Australian adults were identified across all levels of the socio-ecological framework and varied between fruit and vegetables and by gender. Strategies that address individual, social, and physical-level barriers are required to improve consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Carroll
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Health and Well-Being Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Kate E Parker
- City of Greater Bendigo, Active and Healthy Communities, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
| | - Laura E Marchese
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Coringrato E, Alaimo K, Leiferman JA, Villalobos A, Buchenau H, Decker E, Fahnestock L, Quist P, Litt JS. A process evaluation of a randomized-controlled trial of community gardening to improve health behaviors and reduce stress and anxiety. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13620. [PMID: 38871715 PMCID: PMC11176184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As part of the Community Activation for Prevention (CAPS) randomized controlled trial (RCT) of community gardening, we conducted a process evaluation to assess the implementation of a community gardening intervention over nine months, as measured by reach, fidelity (delivery, receipt, enactment), and acceptability. Evaluation instruments included repeated semi-structured interviews with study participants, direct observation of community garden sites, and an exit survey of participants. Primary outcomes were diet, physical activity, and anthropometry; secondary outcomes were stress and anxiety. The CAPS trial included 291 participants (19% non-white; 34% Hispanic/Latino; 35% without a college degree; 58% with income < $50,000 per year). Intervention delivery and receipt were high for environmental supports. Garden social events were offered by 73% of gardens, although only 48% of intervention participants reported attending these events. Of the 145 participants assigned to the gardening intervention, 97 (67%) reported gardening the entire season and reported visiting the community garden a median of 90 min per week (range: 0-840). Of the participants who completed the exit survey (48%), 89% were highly satisfied with the overall garden experience. The CAPS trial was favorably received and implemented with high fidelity, supporting the validity of the trial outcomes. These findings suggest that community gardens are a viable health promotion strategy that can be successfully implemented among new gardeners from diverse backgrounds. Strategies that engage new gardeners in the social aspects of the garden environment and connect gardeners with garden "mentors" or "buddies" to ensure new gardeners achieve success in their first years of gardening are recommended.Trial registration: NCT03089177. Registered 24 March 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03089177 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Coringrato
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Katherine Alaimo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, G. Malcolm Trout Building, Room 208C, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jenn A Leiferman
- Department of Community and Behavioural Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Mail Stop B-119, Room W 3140, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angel Villalobos
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Hannah Buchenau
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Erin Decker
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Lara Fahnestock
- Denver Urban Gardens, 1031 33rd Street, Suite 100, Denver, CO, 80205, USA
| | - Pallas Quist
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Jill S Litt
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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Liang JH, Liu ML, Huang SY, Huang S, Pu YQ, Jiang N, Bao WW, Zhang YS, Gui ZH, Hu LX, Pu XY, Li J, Chen YJ. Outdoor gardening activity with different frequency and duration may be associated with reduction of total and cause-specific mortality risk for general U.S. adults: Findings from the NHANES. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1496-1507. [PMID: 38658226 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Engaging in recommended levels of physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced overall and cause-specific mortality rates. Our study aims to examine the relationship between gardening-specific PA and all-cause and cause-specific mortality based on representative U.S. adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 13,812 adults representing 663.5 million non-institutionalized U.S. adults were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported gardening activity (GA) was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and mortality specific to certain causes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using survey-multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During a median follow-up period of 16.8 years (Interquartile range = 14.8-18.7), there were 3,476 deaths. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found that participants exposed to GA were more likely to have a lower risk of total mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.68, 0.85), P-value < 0.001], cancer-specific mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.81 (0.67, 0.99), P-value < 0.05], cardiovascular disease mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.53, 0.80), P-value < 0.001], and respiratory disease mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.45, 0.98), P-value < 0.05], compared to those without GA exposure. Furthermore, engaging in GA more frequently and for longer durations was significantly associated with a lower total mortality risk. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that engaging in GA is associated with a decreased risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. However, further longitudinal or interventional studies are needed to investigate the potential benefits of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ying-Qi Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xue-Ya Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, PR China.
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Johnsrud M, Goth US, Skjerve H. The Impact of Urban Allotment Gardens on Physical and Mental Health in Norway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:720. [PMID: 38928966 PMCID: PMC11204083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In Norway, many communities offer low-rent plots of land on which city dwellers can build summer cottages and grow crops. These allotment gardens serve as recreational escapes from urban life. However, little is known about the impact these gardens have on their members. This study attempts to shed light on today's impact of allotment gardens in a public health setting in Norway. The study was based on 17 semi-structured interviews and 2 in-depth interviews with allotment house owners. Informants were mainly recruited by "snowball sampling". Our data show that maintaining an allotment promotes exercise and provides a positive impact on self-perceived well-being and physical health through outdoor activities. Spending time in the garden contributes to new knowledge and experiences. Owning an allotment garden has provided new knowledge, new skills, new hobbies, and thereby an improvement in lifestyle. The allotment garden has a strong impact on perceived health, well-being, and sense of coherence (SOC) for the individuals. It promotes outdoor activities along with social interaction and can prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Johnsrud
- Department of Health and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway;
| | | | - Hilde Skjerve
- Department of Health and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway;
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Carroll C, Higgs J, McCray S, Utter J. Implementation and Impact of Health Care Gardens: A Systematic Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:431-449. [PMID: 38011751 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: In community and school settings, gardens and garden interventions have been shown to confer several psychosocial, physiological, and nutritional benefits. However, little is known about the implementation and impact of health care gardens on patients, visitors, and staff health and well-being. The primary aim of this review is to identify and describe the types of gardens and common design elements implemented in health care settings and the impact these gardens have on the health and well-being of patients, visitors, and staff. A secondary aim is to assess the quality of available evidence. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were systematically searched on October 28, 2022. Primary qualitative and quantitative studies (excluding case reports and studies) were eligible for inclusion if they described the types of gardens and common design elements implemented in health care settings (hospitals, aged care, rehabilitation facilities, and medical centers) and/or assessed the impact of garden interventions on the health and well-being of patients, visitors, and staff. Review, selection, and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers, with findings synthesized and presented in narrative form. Articles were critically appraised using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: Eighteen articles were included. Eight studies provided detailed descriptions of the types of gardens implemented in health care settings (healing [n = 3], therapeutic [n = 2], sensory [n = 2], children's fairy gardens [n = 1], and enriched [n = 1] gardens). Studies examining the psychosocial impacts of gardens were most frequently reported (n = 16), followed by physical (n = 4) and nutritional (n = 2). A wide range of positive outcomes, predominantly relating to patients (n = 12), were reported, including improvements in stress, quality of life (QOL), cognitive function, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake. The evidence was heterogeneous and low-medium quality. Conclusions: The findings suggest that implementing gardens and garden interventions in health care settings may positively impact the health and well-being of patients, visitors, and staff. Most studies related to the impact of gardens on patients' mental health and QOL, indicating the need for further research to explore physical and nutritional outcomes, as well as health outcomes of staff and visitors. Findings also suggest the need for high-quality study designs (e.g., cluster control trials) and standardized measurement tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Carroll
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Jennifer Higgs
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Sally McCray
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer Utter
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
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Gulyas BZ, Caton SJ, Edmondson JL. Quantifying the relationship between gardening and health and well-being in the UK: a survey during the covid-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:810. [PMID: 38486178 PMCID: PMC10941614 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, are high and rising in the urbanising world. Gardening could improve both mental and physical health and help prevent a range of conditions by increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, promoting physical activity, and reducing stress. However, good quality quantitative research in the area is scarce, and our understanding of the role of allotments and home gardens, and the effects of the level of engagement in gardening and involvement with food production has thus far been limited. METHODS We quantitatively assess the relationship between home and allotment gardening and various indicators and predictors of health and well-being using an online survey of gardeners (n = 203) and non-gardeners (n = 71) in the UK. The survey was composed of multiple validated questionnaires (including the Short Form Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ), the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the Self-Rated Health question (SRH)) and self-defined questions relating to participants' involvement with gardening and food production, and relevant demographic and lifestyle factors. Data were analysed using a series of hierarchical logistic and multiple linear regression models adjusting for socio-demographic variables. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant socio-demographic factors, gardening related variables were associated with better self-rated health, higher mental well-being, increased F&V consumption. Higher F&V intake was in turn also associated with better self-rated health and decreased odds of obesity. Thus, gardening had a positive association with four different aspects of health and well-being, directly or indirectly via increased F&V consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gardening in UK allotments and domestic gardens may promote different aspects of health and well-being via multiple mechanisms. Improving access to growing space and promoting regular gardening could provide a range of benefits to public health. More research on how socio-economic factors influence the health and well-being benefits of gardening will help policymakers devise strategies to maximise these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglarka Z Gulyas
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samantha J Caton
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jill L Edmondson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK.
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Senderewich T, Goltz D, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Laird B, Prosser RS, Hanson ML. Human health and environmental risk assessment of metals in community gardens of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20293-20310. [PMID: 38372918 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fresh produce is an important component of maintaining cognitive and physical health, particularly for children. A mechanism to increase access to fresh produce is the construction of community gardens in urban centres. While reducing barriers to nutritious food, the soil of the community garden can contain contaminants (e.g. metals) depending on the location and how the garden was constructed. This study quantified, for the first time, seven metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Ni) in soil from 83 community gardens across the City of Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Concentrations of metals in soil were used to create distributions for environmental exposure and estimated daily intake, which were then used to determine exceedances of soil quality guidelines and acceptable daily intakes, respectively. Raised garden beds and gardens further from roads had typically lower concentrations of metals in surface gardens and those nearer to roads. While some concentrations of metals exceeded CCME guidelines levels for the protection of environmental health, the vast majority represent a low risk. For human health, only As posed a quantifiable risk of exceeding the USEPA acceptable daily intake via the consumption of produce from gardens, though this was < 1.2% for the whole population and < 10.2% for children aged 1 to 2 years. Overall, this study is the first to show that the concentration of the metals in soil from gardens typically poses a low risk to environmental and human health. We recommend the use of raised gardens to further mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Senderewich
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Doug Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jose Luis Rodriguez-Gil
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- International Institute of Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Beavers AW, Kennedy AO, Blake JP, Comstock SS. Development and evaluation of food preservation lessons for gardeners: application of the DESIGN process. Public Health Nutr 2023; 27:e23. [PMID: 38149788 PMCID: PMC10830356 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents the development and evaluation of food preservation lessons for gardeners. DESIGN Lessons were developed using the DESIGN process, a nutrition education program planning framework. This study examines the effectiveness of this curriculum at increasing knowledge of proper food preservation practices and increasing participants' confidence in home food preservation, identifies challenges participants experienced with home food preservation and assesses the perceived influence of home food preservation on vegetable intake and aspects of food security. We used the DESIGN process developed by Contento and Koch to develop the curricula and used social cognitive theory to guide the lesson development. Lessons on three types of food preservation (freezing, water bath canning and pressure canning) were developed and presented to adult gardeners. The evaluation consisted of post-lesson surveys and a follow-up survey several months after the lessons. SETTING Mid-Michigan, USA. PARTICIPANTS Adult gardeners. RESULTS Food preservation confidence increased following the lessons. At follow-up, 64 % of participants agreed or strongly agreed that they ate more fruit and vegetables because of preserving food, 57 % of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they spend less money on food due to preserving, while 71 % reported being better able to provide food for themselves and their family. Lastly, 93 % reported feeling better about where their food comes from and wasting less food due to preserving. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that home food preservation may be beneficial in promoting fruit and vegetable intake and food security among gardeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa W Beavers
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI48201, USA
| | - Allison O Kennedy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI48201, USA
| | - Jessica P Blake
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Lu I, Suss R, Lanza DV, Cohen S, Yusuf Y, Yi SS. A qualitative study to inform the development of a subsidized community-supported agriculture program for Chinese Americans in Brooklyn, New York, U.S. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102480. [PMID: 37920594 PMCID: PMC10618813 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to inform the development of a subsidized, culturally adapted Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) program for the Chinese American (CA) community in Brooklyn, New York (NY), USA. We conducted interviews with CA adults to understand their eating and shopping behaviors, interests in CSAs, and recommendations for educational content to inform the development of a subsidized and culturally adapted CSA. We then conducted thematic analysis of those interviews and identified major themes. CA adult participants shared interest in a CSA primarily to support their own health, interact socially with farmers and other participants, and gain access to fresh, culturally appropriate produce. Major concerns for participation, especially among older adults, included language barriers, transportation, and mobility. The unique needs and motivations of CAs should be centered in the development of alternative food access interventions for this population. CA adult participants living in Brooklyn, NY may be interested in a subsidized culturally adapted CSA that includes health information about the produce and provides in-language support. Engaging communities in the development of a health program may be important to ensure accessibility and acceptability for CA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Rachel Suss
- Department Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, United States
| | - Dalila Victoria Lanza
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States
| | - Yousra Yusuf
- Department Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, United States
| | - Stella S. Yi
- Department Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, United States
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11
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Caetano LDC, Garcez A, Bairros FDS, Costa JSDD, Olinto MTA. Association between social capital and food patterns in women from Southern Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1915-1926. [PMID: 37436306 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023287.10562022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandréa da Conceição Caetano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. São Leopoldo RS Brasil
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação, Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Ramiro Barcelos 2.400, Santa Cecília. 90035-003 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
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Cran S, Cihon TM, Borba A, Kazaoka K, Smith M. A Pilot Study Exploring Practices that Support the Longevity of Community Gardens Supported by Religious Organizations. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2023; 32:1-37. [PMID: 38625135 PMCID: PMC10177712 DOI: 10.1007/s42822-023-00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Current food production methods in the United States (US) contribute to environmental degradation as well as food insecurity. Food production by means of community gardens has the potential to reduce the deleterious effects of current production methods. However, many community gardens face challenges that hinder their longevity, thereby reducing the likelihood of the support they might provide for environmentally sustainable food production and decreased food insecurity for community members. Researchers conducted a literature review regarding best practices for community gardens, and used ethnographic research methods to inform a culturo-behavioral systems analysis using the Total Performance System and matrix (systems interdependency) analysis to better understand the cultural practices of two established community gardens in the southwest region of the US. The results of the analyses are presented in terms of recommendations to support each community garden's sustainability. Recommendations regarding future research include environmental manipulations to identify functional relations and potential outcome measures for improving the longevity of community gardens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42822-023-00124-7.
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13
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Veldheer S, Tuan WJ, Al-Shaar L, Wadsworth M, Sinoway L, Schmitz KH, Sciamanna C, Gao X. Gardening Is Associated With Better Cardiovascular Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States: Analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:761-769.e3. [PMID: 36323395 PMCID: PMC10752423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gardening benefits health in older adults, but previous studies have limited generalizability or do not adequately adjust for sociodemographic factors or physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE We examined health outcomes, fruits and vegetables (F&V) intake, and 10-year mortality risk among gardeners and exercisers compared with nonexercisers. DESIGN Cross-sectional data of noninstitutionalized US adults in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was collected via landline and cellular phone survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Adults 65 years and older reporting any PA (n = 146,047) were grouped as gardeners, exercisers, or nonexercisers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, mental and physical health, F&V intake, and 10-year mortality risk. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Summary statistics were calculated and adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs, accounting for the complex survey design. RESULTS The sample included gardeners (10.2%), exercisers (60.0%), and nonexercisers (30.8%). Gardeners, compared with nonexercisers, had significantly lower odds of reporting all studied health outcomes and higher odds of consuming 5 or more F&V per day (CVD: aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.68; stroke: aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.64; heart attack: aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73, high cholesterol: aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.93; high blood pressure: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.81; diabetes: aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.56; body mass index ≥25: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.80; poor mental health status: aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.59; poor physical health status: aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.39; 5 or more F&V per day: aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.57; high 10-year mortality risk: aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.42). Male and female gardeners had significantly lower odds of reporting diabetes even when compared with exercisers. CONCLUSIONS Among adults 65 years and older, gardening is associated with better CVD health status, including lower odds of diabetes. Future longitudinal or interventional studies are warranted to determine whether promoting gardening activities can be a CVD risk reduction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Veldheer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Wen-Jan Tuan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Martha Wadsworth
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence Sinoway
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Sciamanna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Fudan University, Shanhai, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fudan University, Shanhai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanhai, China
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14
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Alaimo K, Beavers AW, Coringrato E, Lacy K, Ma W, Hurley TG, Hébert JR. Community Gardening Increases Vegetable Intake and Seasonal Eating From Baseline to Harvest: Results from a Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100077. [PMID: 37215644 PMCID: PMC10196338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gardening has been associated with greater fruit and vegetable intake, but few randomized trials have been conducted. Objectives We sought: 1) to determine changes in fruits and vegetable intake combined and separately from baseline (spring) to harvest time (fall), as well as from baseline to winter follow-up, and 2) to identify the mediators (both quantitatively and qualitatively) between gardening and vegetable intake. Methods A randomized controlled trial of community gardening was conducted in Denver, Colorado, USA. Post hoc quantitative difference score analysis and mediation analysis were conducted by comparing intervention group participants who were randomized to receive a community garden plot, plants and seeds, and a gardening class with control group participants who were randomized to remain on a waitlist for a community garden plot (n = 243). Qualitative interviews were completed with a subset of participants (n = 34) and analyzed to explore the influences of gardening on diets. Results The average age of participants was 41 y, 82% of them were female, and 34% of them were Hispanic. Compared with control participants, from baseline to harvest, community gardeners significantly increased their intake of total vegetables by 0.63 servings (P = 0.047) and garden vegetables by 0.67 servings (P = 0.02) but not combined fruit/vegetable or fruit intake. There were no differences between the groups from baseline to winter follow-up. Community gardening was positively associated with eating seasonally (P = 0.02), which had a significant indirect effect on the association between community gardening and garden vegetable intake (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.002, 0.284). Reasons qualitative participants gave for eating garden vegetables and making dietary changes included the availability of garden produce; emotional attachment with the plants; feelings of pride, accomplishment, and self-reliance; taste and quality of garden produce; trying new foods; cooking and sharing food; and increased seasonal eating. Conclusions Community gardening increased vegetable intake through increased seasonal eating. Community gardening should be recognized as an important setting for improving diets.This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03089177 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03089177).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Alaimo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alyssa W. Beavers
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Eva Coringrato
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kristin Lacy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Thomas G. Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James R. Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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15
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Ramaswami A, Boyer D, Nixon P, Jelinski N. A hybrid method to quantify household urban agriculture gardening: Implications for sustainable and equitable food action planning. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.997081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban food action plans seek quantitative data on household agriculture gardening, traditionally difficult to quantify rapidly, as well as data on inequality to explore the potential to improve equitable access to fresh vegetables through household agriculture. This article presents a novel hybrid field survey (HFS) method, combining ground surveys with satellite imagery to quantify the prevalence and area of household agriculture gardens, as well as inequality by neighborhood income. We test the method in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, (Twin Cities), USA, analyzing the presence/absence (prevalence) and size of agriculture gardens across a total of ~17,500 households in 2017 and repeated in 2020 (during COVID-19). In 2017, the overall mean frequency of household agricultural gardening was 5.0%, with significant differences (2.7 vs. 7.0%) across low- vs. high-income neighborhoods. The city-wide median area per agriculture garden size was 14.6 m2 with greater size (19.8 vs. 11.6 m2) in low- vs. high-income neighborhoods, respectively. Across all income groups, the gardening area was a small fraction of the yard area, suggesting little land availability constraints. Measurements in the summer of 2020 during COVID-19 found the method sensitive over time, showing an overall 60% increase in the prevalence of household agriculture with low-income neighborhoods increasing rates from 3 to 5%. Overall, the method can inform aggregate production potential and inequality in household agriculture.
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16
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Bramwell L, Morton J, Harding AH, Lin N, Entwistle J. Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3493-3513. [PMID: 34622415 PMCID: PMC9522656 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil Pb concentrations at urban agriculture sites (UAS) commonly exceed recommended safe levels. There is a lack of evidence regarding uptake of Pb by gardeners using such sites for food crops. Our study aimed to elucidate whether gardening in soil with raised Pb levels results in Pb body burdens of concern to health, and to assess confounding factors influencing Pb body burden. Our cross-sectional case study measured Pb in saliva and blood of UAS gardeners (n = 43), soil and produce samples from their UAS, and home tap water. Blood and saliva Pb concentrations were compared with those from non-UAS gardener controls (n = 29). A health risk threshold of 5 µg dL-1 blood Pb level (BLL) was selected in keeping with international guidance. Detailed surveys investigated individuals' anthropometrics and potential Pb exposures from diet, and historic and everyday activities. Saliva was not found to be a suitable biomarker of adult Pb exposure in this context. Predictors of higher BLLs were being older, being male and eating more root vegetables and shrub fruit. Eating more green vegetables predicted a lower BLL, suggesting a protective effect against Pb uptake. UAS gardeners' BLLs (geometric mean 1.53; range 0.6-4.1 µg dL-1) were not significantly higher (p = 0.39) than the control group (geometric mean 1.43; range 0.7-2.9 µg dL-1). All BLLs were below 5 µg dL-1 except one resulting from occupational exposure. Having paired the UAS gardeners with closely matched controls, we found Pb in UAS soils (with range 62-1300 mg kg-1from common urban sources) unlikely to pose an additional risk to adult health compared to their neighbours who did not access UAS. As such, other Pb sources may be the dominant factor controlling BLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bramwell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX Tyne and Wear UK
- Present Address: Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Jackie Morton
- Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, SK17 9JN Derbyshire UK
| | - Anne-Helen Harding
- Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, SK17 9JN Derbyshire UK
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Jane Entwistle
- Present Address: Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
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17
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Gripper AB, Nethery R, Cowger TL, White M, Kawachi I, Adamkiewicz G. Community solutions to food apartheid: A spatial analysis of community food-growing spaces and neighborhood demographics in Philadelphia. Soc Sci Med 2022; 310:115221. [PMID: 36058113 PMCID: PMC11253559 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black and low-income neighborhoods tend to have higher concentrations of fast-food restaurants and low produce supply stores. Limited access to and consumption of nutrient-rich foods is associated with poor health outcomes. Given the realities of food access, many members within the Black communities grow food as a strategy of resistance to food apartheid, and for the healing and self-determination that agriculture offers. In this paper, we unpack the history of Black people, agriculture, and land in the United States. In addition to our brief historical review, we conduct a descriptive epidemiologic study of community food-growing spaces, food access, and neighborhood racial composition in present day Philadelphia. We leverage one of the few existing datasets that systematically documents community food-growing locations throughout a major US city. By applying spatial regression techniques, we use conditional autoregressive models to determine if there are spatial associations between Black neighborhoods, poverty, food access, and urban agriculture in Philadelphia. Fully adjusted spatial models showed significant associations between Black neighborhoods and urban agriculture (RR: 1.28, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.59) and poverty and urban agriculture (RR: 1.27, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.46). The association between low food access and the presence of urban agriculture was generally increased across neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents. These results show that Philadelphia neighborhoods with higher populations of Black people and neighborhoods with lower incomes, on average, tend to have more community gardens and urban farms. While the garden data is non-temporal and non-causal, one possible explanation for these findings, in alignment with what Philadelphia growers have claimed, is that urban agriculture may be a manifestation of collective agency and community resistance in Black and low-income communities, particularly in neighborhoods with low food access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Gripper
- The Ubuntu Center on Racism, Global Movements, and Population Health Equity, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rachel Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tori L Cowger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica White
- Department of Community and Environmental Sociology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Chevance G, Fresán U, Hekler E, Edmondson D, Lloyd SJ, Ballester J, Litt J, Cvijanovic I, Araújo-Soares V, Bernard P. Thinking Health-related Behaviors in a Climate Change Context: A Narrative Review. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:193-204. [PMID: 35861123 PMCID: PMC10074036 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human activities have changed the environment so profoundly over the past two centuries that human-induced climate change is now posing serious health-related threats to current and future generations. Rapid action from all scientific fields, including behavioral medicine, is needed to contribute to both mitigation of, and adaption to, climate change. PURPOSE This article aims to identify potential bi-directional associations between climate change impacts and health-related behaviors, as well as a set of key actions for the behavioral medicine community. METHODS We synthesized the existing literature about (i) the impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rising sea level on individual behaviors (e.g., eating behaviors, physical activity, sleep, substance use, and preventive care) as well as the structural factors related to these behaviors (e.g., the food system); and (ii) the concurrent positive and negative roles that health-related behaviors can play in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. RESULTS Based on this literature review, we propose a first conceptual model of climate change and health-related behavior feedback loops. Key actions are proposed, with particular consideration for health equity implications of future behavioral interventions. Actions to bridge the fields of behavioral medicine and climate sciences are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS We contend that climate change is among the most urgent issues facing all scientists and should become a central priority for the behavioral medicine community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Hekler
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, Qualcomm Institute, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald Edmondson
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jill Litt
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Vera Araújo-Soares
- Health Technology & Services Research, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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How Gardening in Detroit Influences Physical and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137899. [PMID: 35805558 PMCID: PMC9265422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gardening has the potential to improve health by providing access to nature, vegetables, and physical activity. However, scarce research exists on the health impacts of gardening on racial and ethnic minority urban populations in the United States. This study used qualitative interviews to examine the perceived physical and mental health effects of gardening in a primarily African American sample of 28 gardeners. Prominent physical health impacts attributed to gardening included providing an enjoyable source of activity, management of chronic diseases, and improved physical functioning. Participants also reported that gardening improved their mood, relieved stress, was an important part of their spirituality, contributed to their personal growth, and provided an opportunity for helping others. These findings suggest that gardening may improve physical and mental health among diverse groups.
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20
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Hume C, Grieger JA, Kalamkarian A, D'Onise K, Smithers LG. Community gardens and their effects on diet, health, psychosocial and community outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1247. [PMID: 35739494 PMCID: PMC9229094 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We systematically reviewed the effects of community gardens on physical and psychosocial health, health behaviors and community outcomes. Methods Quantitative studies that examined associations of health, psychosocial or community outcomes with community gardens were included in the review. Studies up to December 2020 were captured from searches of Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost and CAB Abstracts. Data were extracted and study quality including risk of bias was examined. Results There were 53 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Studies examining associations between community gardens and nutrition or food security were most frequently reported (k = 23). Other factors examined for associations with community gardens were health (k = 16), psychosocial (k = 16) and community outcomes (k = 7). Effects appeared positive for fruit and vegetable intake, some psychosocial and community outcomes, but mixed for physical health outcomes. Evidence quality overall was low. Conclusions Community gardening was associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake, positive psychosocial and community outcomes, but poor evidence quality suggests the effects of community gardening may be overestimated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13591-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Hume
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Adelaide Medical School, North Terrace, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Anna Kalamkarian
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Katina D'Onise
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.,Wellbeing SA, Citicentre, Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa G Smithers
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.,School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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21
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McStay AC, Walser SL, Sirkovich EC, Perdrial N, Richardson JB. Nutrient and toxic elements in soils and plants across 10 urban community gardens: Comparing pXRF and ICP-based soil measurements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:439-450. [PMID: 35419845 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban community gardens are becoming increasingly important to rehabilitate developed lands and combat the lack of access to fresh produce. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) offers a rapid, cost-effective method for assessing the elemental composition of soils but needs further study to determine its efficacy in urban agriculture. The objectives of this study were to evaluate if pXRF measurements of macronutrients (Ca, K, P), micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn), and toxic elements (As, Pb) generate results comparable with traditional soil analyses and if the soil measurements correlate with plant tissue concentrations at 10 community gardens across the eastern United States. From field-condition analyses of soils by pXRF and pseudototal digestions, we observed that both methods provide agreeable estimates of concentrations for some elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb) but not for macronutrients (Ca, K, P). We hypothesize that low accuracy in pXRF measurements and macronutrients within silicates caused the poor agreement between the methods. Sieved and dried soil pXRF concentrations were in strong agreement with field-condition pXRF concentrations, suggesting rock removal and drying did not improve measurements. Our results highlight that pXRF can be an accurate and effective tool for screening for Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Some elements, such as Pb in fruits; Mn, Cu, and Zn in leaves; and Zn and Pb in roots, could be estimated by soil pXRF or inductively coupled plasma-based analyses. Macronutrients were poorly estimated for fruits, leaves, and roots. Instead of soil concentrations, identifying genus-specific and garden-specific factors may be important for generating plant uptake predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley C McStay
- Dep. of Geosciences, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sandra L Walser
- Dep. of Geology, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eric C Sirkovich
- Dep. of Geosciences, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Justin B Richardson
- Dep. of Geosciences, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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22
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Wirkkala KB, Niles MT, Belarmino EH, Bertmann F. The Fruits of Labor: Home Food Procurement and Mental Health in the Time of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2065597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith T. Niles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Emily H. Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Farryl Bertmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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23
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Baur J. Campus community gardens and student health: A case study of a campus garden and student well-being. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:377-384. [PMID: 32369715 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1751174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between working at a campus community garden and student volunteers' wellbeing. Participants: 76 undergraduate students at a large urban university in the San Francisco Bay area. Methods: A Web-based survey was conducted. Using an email mailing list of current and former garden volunteers, the study questionnaire was sent to survey participants multiple times to promote higher response rate. Results: Bootstrap regression revealed that both connectedness to nature and general health were significant predictors of a general well-being variable. Conclusions: University leaders might consider that campus natural spaces contribute to student success and may be among the few opportunities that urban college students have to engage with nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Baur
- Public Health and Recreation, College of Health and Human Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
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24
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Healthy Communities. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Robinson-Oghogho JN, Thorpe RJ. Garden Access, Race and Vegetable Acquisition among U.S. Adults: Findings from a National Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12059. [PMID: 34831816 PMCID: PMC8625112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the majority of U.S. adults not meeting recommended vegetable intakes and well-documented racial and ethnic disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption, various approaches to increase vegetable consumption have been implemented. Gardening is one approach that has been associated with increased vegetable consumption in various subpopulations; however, limited national data exist examining this relationship. Since vegetable acquisition is a necessary antecedent to increased vegetable consumption, this study examines if garden access is associated with vegetable acquisition among adults in a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. Data come from the National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FAPS), a survey of 4826 US households. Descriptive analysis and modified Poisson regressions were performed to examine associations between household garden access and vegetable acquisition amongst the total population and by race. Results indicate that for foods for at-home consumption, respondents with their own garden had a 30% greater prevalence (PR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.64) of acquiring enough vegetables to meet USDA recommendations compared to respondents in households without access to any gardens. Among Black respondents, those with access to their own garden had over two times increased prevalence (PR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.01) of acquiring enough vegetables to meet recommended consumption amounts, compared to Black respondents without any access to a garden. No relationships between garden access and vegetable acquisition were observed for White or Asian respondents. This information may contribute to the body of evidence on strategies for increasing vegetable consumption among U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle N. Robinson-Oghogho
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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26
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Saikawa E, Filippelli GM. Invited Perspective: Assessing the Contaminant Exposure Risks of Urban Gardening: Call for Updated Health Guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:111302. [PMID: 34766833 PMCID: PMC8589015 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gabriel M. Filippelli
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:466-472. [PMID: 34548423 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011-2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34-94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.
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28
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Bikomeye JC, Namin S, Anyanwu C, Rublee CS, Ferschinger J, Leinbach K, Lindquist P, Hoppe A, Hoffman L, Hegarty J, Sperber D, Beyer KMM. Resilience and Equity in a Time of Crises: Investing in Public Urban Greenspace Is Now More Essential Than Ever in the US and Beyond. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8420. [PMID: 34444169 PMCID: PMC8392137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The intersecting negative effects of structural racism, COVID-19, climate change, and chronic diseases disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities in the US and around the world. Urban populations of color are concentrated in historically redlined, segregated, disinvested, and marginalized neighborhoods with inadequate quality housing and limited access to resources, including quality greenspaces designed to support natural ecosystems and healthy outdoor activities while mitigating urban environmental challenges such as air pollution, heat island effects, combined sewer overflows and poor water quality. Disinvested urban environments thus contribute to health inequity via physical and social environmental exposures, resulting in disparities across numerous health outcomes, including COVID-19 and chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this paper, we build off an existing conceptual framework and propose another conceptual framework for the role of greenspace in contributing to resilience and health equity in the US and beyond. We argue that strategic investments in public greenspaces in urban neighborhoods impacted by long term economic disinvestment are critically needed to adapt and build resilience in communities of color, with urgency due to immediate health threats of climate change, COVID-19, and endemic disparities in chronic diseases. We suggest that equity-focused investments in public urban greenspaces are needed to reduce social inequalities, expand economic opportunities with diversity in workforce initiatives, build resilient urban ecosystems, and improve health equity. We recommend key strategies and considerations to guide this investment, drawing upon a robust compilation of scientific literature along with decades of community-based work, using strategic partnerships from multiple efforts in Milwaukee Wisconsin as examples of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. Bikomeye
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (J.C.B.); (S.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Sima Namin
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (J.C.B.); (S.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Chima Anyanwu
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (J.C.B.); (S.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Caitlin S. Rublee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Jamie Ferschinger
- Sixteenth Street Community Health Centers, Environmental Health & Community Wellness, 1337 S Cesar Chavez Drive, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA;
| | - Ken Leinbach
- The Urban Ecology Center, 1500 E. Park Place, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;
| | - Patricia Lindquist
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, 101 S. Webster Street, P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, USA;
| | - August Hoppe
- The Urban Wood Lab, Hoppe Tree Service, 1813 S. 73rd Street, West Allis, WI 53214, USA;
| | - Lawrence Hoffman
- Department of GIS, Groundwork Milwaukee, 227 West Pleasant Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA;
| | - Justin Hegarty
- Reflo—Sustainable Water Solutions, 1100 S 5th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA;
| | - Dwayne Sperber
- Wudeward Urban Forest Products, N11W31868 Phyllis Parkway, Delafield, WI 53018, USA;
| | - Kirsten M. M. Beyer
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (J.C.B.); (S.N.); (C.A.)
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Exploring the Potential Risk of Heavy Metal Pollution of Edible Cultivated Plants in Urban Gardening Contexts Using a Citizen Science Approach in the Project “Heavy Metal City-Zen”. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urban gardening has become increasingly popular, creating green oases in cities; however, many of these activities are undertaken in areas of high traffic density or on ex-brown field sites. As a consequence, there are still some barriers to the adoption of these urban gardening practices for food production. One of the public concerns is the transfer of urban pollutants such as heavy metals into the consumer’s food chain, however, city-wide data is often difficult and expensive to collect. In the citizen science project described herein, we conducted simple citizen-led common collaborative experiments in urban community gardens. These data provided information on the potential risk of heavy metal contaminants and ways in which to mitigate those risks in an urban gardening context. Generally, values were below guideline thresholds, however, at a few garden sites, soil trace metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Zn) exceeded Austrian recommended limits. Moreover, only at two sites were plant trace metal concentrations shown to be above European food standards limits. Given the citizen’s positive response to the project, we suggest expanding this study to the whole of Vienna, giving newly established gardens a chance to predetermine the risks posed by their local soils.
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Niles MT, Wirkkala KB, Belarmino EH, Bertmann F. Home food procurement impacts food security and diet quality during COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:945. [PMID: 34006243 PMCID: PMC8131171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Home food procurement (HFP) (i.e. gardening, fishing, foraging, hunting, backyard livestock and canning) have historically been important ways that people obtain food. Recently, some HFP activities have grown (e.g. gardening), while other activities (e.g. hunting) have become less common in the United States. Anecdotally, COVID-19 has sparked an increase in HFP evidenced by increased hunting licenses and shortages in seeds and canning supplies. HFP may have positive benefits for food security and diet quality, though research beyond gardening is especially limited in high-income countries. Methods We examine HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and their relationship to food security and dietary quality using multivariable logit models and matching analysis with a statewide representative survey (n = 600) of residents of Vermont, United States. Results We find 29% of respondent households classified as food insecure since COVID-19, and higher prevalence of food insecurity among those experiencing a negative job change since COVID-19, households earning less than $50,000 annually, Hispanic and multi-race respondents. Nearly 35% of respondents engaged in HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began; the majority of those gardened, and more than half pursued HFP activities more intensely than before the pandemic or for the first time. Food insecure households were more likely to pursue HFP more intensely, including more gardening, fishing, foraging, and hunting. Respondents who were food insecure, Black, Indigenous, People of Color, those with a negative job disruption, and larger households all had greater odds of increased intensity of HFP during the COVID-19 pandemic. HFP was significantly associated with eating greater amounts of fruits and vegetables; however, this effect was only significant for food secure households. Conclusion Overall, these results suggest that HFP activities have increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be an important safety net for food insecure households. However, HFP for food insecure households does not translate into the same higher fruit and vegetable intake as found among food secure HFP households, suggesting this population may be trying to maintain intake, or that they may have potential important resource or technical assistance needs. Long-term, HFP activities may have important food security and diet quality impacts, as well as conservation implications, which should be more thoroughly explored. Regardless, the increased interest and intensity of HFP demonstrates opportunities for educational and outreach efforts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10960-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith T Niles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Kristen Brassard Wirkkala
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Emily H Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Farryl Bertmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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31
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Tharrey M, Darmon N. Urban collective garden participation and health: a systematic literature review of potential benefits for free-living adults. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:6-21. [PMID: 33997887 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Collective gardens are increasingly considered a tool to promote health and well-being. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we critically appraise quantitative studies exploring the potential health benefits of urban collective garden participation. DATA SOURCES Articles published between January 2000 and August 2020 were used. DATA EXTRACTION All original research studies reporting at least 1 health outcomes associated with urban collective gardening in free-living adults from Western and other high-income countries were included. Of 1261 articles identified, 15 were included in the systematic review. Methodological quality was assessed by applying the criteria of the Quantitative Study Quality Assessment Tool. ANALYSIS A wide range of health indicators was used. Collective gardening was associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption than was nongardening. Mixed results were found for physical activity and physiological health. A positive association was found in most studies with mental health and social health. However, the vast majority of included studies were cross-sectional and presented selection bias (n = 13 of 15 for both) and very few used objective measurement methods (n = 3 of 15). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal studies allowing the exploration of causal relationships are needed before the health benefits of collective garden participation suggested by existing studies can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- M. Tharrey and N. Darmon are with MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- M. Tharrey and N. Darmon are with MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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32
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Long-Term Development of Urban Agriculture: Resilience and Sustainability of Farmers Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Japan. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has forced global food systems to face unprecedented uncertain shocks even in terms of human health. Urban agriculture is expected to be more resilient because of its short supply chain for urban people and diversified farming activities. However, the short-and long-term effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on urban farms remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the conditions for farm resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and the relationship between short-term farm resilience and long-term farm development using data from a survey of 74 farms located in Tokyo. The results are as follows. First, more than half of the sample farms increased their farm sales during this period. This resilience can be called the “persistence” approach. Second, short-term farm resilience and other sustainable farm activities contributed to improving farmers’ intentions for long-term farm development and farmland preservation. Third, the most important resilience attributes were the direct marketing, entrepreneurship, and social networks of farmers. We discussed the necessity of building farmers’ transformative capabilities for a more resilient urban farming system. These results imply that support to enhance the short-term resilience of urban farms is worth more than the short-term profit of the farms.
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Malberg Dyg P, Christensen S, Peterson CJ. Community gardens and wellbeing amongst vulnerable populations: a thematic review. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:790-803. [PMID: 31369084 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the thematic review is to document the effects of community gardens on wellbeing amongst vulnerable populations. We searched for articles published between 1980 and 2017 in major databases resulting in the inclusion of 51 articles. Vulnerable populations included, amongst others, ethnic minorities and refugees, socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods or low-income or food insecure families. Our findings suggest that community garden participation may have a positive impact on physical health, such as reducing body weight and hypertension, and increasing physical activity and food knowledge. However, findings relating to community gardens and their potential to enhance food security were inconsistent. Furthermore we found that community gardens can have a positive influence both at the individual level (i.e. self-esteem, independence, personal control, etc.), particularly for refugees; the relational and social level (i.e. relationships, social connections, community and neighbourhood). Community garden participation have the potential to enhance wellbeing amongst vulnerable populations. However, two articles in our review presented potential food safety concerns related to community gardens, indicating that, particularly in urban settings, attention must be given to minimizing potential food safety concerns, e.g. by using raised garden beds. Based on this review, we recommend that further research and evaluation on non-US-based community gardens is carried out, as community gardens are practiced globally but there is little research to document the effects of community gardens on wellbeing amongst vulnerable populations outside of the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Malberg Dyg
- University College Copenhagen, Department of Nursing and Nutrition, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Christensen
- Roskilde University, Institute for People and Technology, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Corissa Jade Peterson
- University College Copenhagen, Department of Nursing and Nutrition, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Is urban growing of fruit and vegetables associated with better diet quality and what mediates this relationship? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Appetite 2021; 163:105218. [PMID: 33746058 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Urban agriculture (UA), the growing of fruits and vegetables in urban and peri-urban areas, may improve food security and access, public health and dietary quality on both a broad and personal scale. However, there is little research on the relationship between UA and diet, and potential mediating factors are also unclear. This study aimed to investigate if proximity to and engagement with UA is associated with better diet quality, and what accounts for this relationship. UK-based adults (N = 583, 69% Female) completed measures of proximity to and engagement with UA, perceived access to fruits and vegetables, health and ethical food choice motivations, connection with nature, psychological distress and dietary quality in an online survey. Participants were recruited from UA-related groups and the general public. Proposed relationships were analysed using a structural equation model. Greater proximity to and engagement with UA was associated with greater perceived access to fruits and vegetables, more health-related food choice motivations, more ethical-related food choice, feeling more connected with nature, and, surprisingly greater psychological distress. Furthermore, proximity to and engagement with UA was indirectly associated with better diet quality via health-, and ethical-related, food choice motivations. While the direct pathway between proximity to and engagement with UA and diet quality was not significant, UA is associated with better diet quality, partly via healthier and ethical food choice motivations. Upscaling UA may have benefits for dietary quality via these factors, and more research is needed to test causal relationships and understand these complex interactions.
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35
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Kunpeuk W, Spence W, Phulkerd S, Suphanchaimat R, Pitayarangsarit S. The impact of gardening on nutrition and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:397-408. [PMID: 30982073 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Community gardening has been widely recognized as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between community gardening and nutrition and physical health among adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. Quality of included studies was appraised by several quality assessment tools related to the study design of each included article. Evidence from 19 articles was included (14 cross-sectional studies, 4 quasi-experimental studies and 1 case-control study). Although the majority of included studies appeared to have moderate quality, there existed weaknesses in the methods used, including low response rate and lack of confounder controls. Due to diversity in the measurement units, only body mass index (BMI) data could be pooled to perform meta-analysis. The results suggest that gardening had a significantly positive effect on BMI reduction. Subgroup analysis showed that quasi-experimental and case-control studies produced greater pooled effect size than those of cross-sectional design. Funnel plot and Egger's test showed no significant evidence of publication bias. As robust evidence for the effect of community gardening on BMI reduction was found, this intervention should be integrated in health promoting policy to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watinee Kunpeuk
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.,School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - William Spence
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sirinya Phulkerd
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.,Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Pitayarangsarit
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.,Bureau of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
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36
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Tharrey M, Sachs A, Perignon M, Simon C, Mejean C, Litt J, Darmon N. Improving lifestyles sustainability through community gardening: results and lessons learnt from the JArDinS quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1798. [PMID: 33243204 PMCID: PMC7690132 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the health benefits of community gardening, the literature is limited by cross-sectional designs. The "JArDinS" quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the impact of community garden participation on the adoption of more sustainable lifestyles among French adults. METHODS Individuals entering a community garden in Montpellier (France) in 2018 (n = 66) were compared with pairwise matched individuals with no experience in community gardening (n = 66). Nutritional quality, environmental impact and cost of monthly household food supplies, level of physical activity measured by accelerometers, as well as mental and social well-being, sensitivity to food waste, and connection with nature were evaluated at baseline (t0) and 12 months later (t1) to explore sustainability of lifestyles in social/health, environmental and economic dimensions. Linear mixed models were used to determine the independent effect of community gardening on investigated lifestyles components. In-depth interviews were conducted at t1 with 15 gardeners to better understand changes that may have occurred in gardeners' lives during the first year of gardening. RESULTS At t0, gardeners had lower education level, lower BMI and their household reported lower percentage of meals consumed outside of the home compared to non-gardeners (p < 0.05). Participating in the community garden had no significant impact, in spite of sufficient statistical power, on fruit and vegetables supplies (main outcome), nor on physical activity parameters, nor on others of the social/health, environmental and economic lifestyles components investigated. Qualitative interviews suggested the existence of pre-established health and environmental consciousness in some gardeners and revealed several barriers to the participation such as lack of time, lack of gardening knowledge, physical difficulty of gardening, health problems and conflicts with other gardeners. CONCLUSIONS The health benefits of community gardening previously reported by cross-sectional studies might be confounded by selection bias. The JArDinS study highlights the need to identify solutions to overcome barriers related to community garden participation when designing relevant public health interventions for the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03694782 . Date of registration: 3rd October 2018, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ashby Sachs
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marlène Perignon
- MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600, Oullins, France
| | - Caroline Mejean
- MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jill Litt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Darmon
- MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Drisdelle C, Kestens Y, Hamelin AM, Mercille G. Disparities in Access to Healthy Diets: How Food Security and Food Shopping Behaviors Relate to Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1847-1858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Triguero-Mas M, Anguelovski I, Cirac-Claveras J, Connolly J, Vazquez A, Urgell-Plaza F, Cardona-Giralt N, Sanyé-Mengual E, Alonso J, Cole H. Quality of Life Benefits of Urban Rooftop Gardening for People With Intellectual Disabilities or Mental Health Disorders. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E126. [PMID: 33059797 PMCID: PMC7587297 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of urban community gardens, including those on rooftops, is increasing. However, few studies have explored the benefits of these gardens for people with intellectual disabilities or mental health disorders. We evaluated the association between urban rooftop gardening and quality of life of individuals with moderate to very marked disability. Methods We collected quality of life information with a preliminary version of the INTEGRAL Scale questionnaire from all gardeners (n = 54) and among a comparison group of nongardeners (n = 43). We also conducted semi-structured interviews with participants and technicians, and made field observations. Results Our results indicated that urban rooftop gardening was associated with better personal development and suggested enhanced physical and emotional well-being, sense of purpose, social inclusion, interpersonal relations (including new perspectives on the urban environment and the changes in social roles), and general quality of life. Conclusion Our study extends the evidence on the potential benefits of urban rooftop gardening in general, and specifically for those with intellectual disabilities and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Anguelovski
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Cirac-Claveras
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Connolly
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Vazquez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Urgell-Plaza
- Municipal Institute for People with Disabilities, Barcelona City Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cardona-Giralt
- Municipal Institute for People with Disabilities, Barcelona City Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alonso
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helen Cole
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain
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Veldheer S, Winkels RM, Cooper J, Groff C, Lepley J, Bordner C, Wagner A, George DR, Sciamanna C. Growing Healthy Hearts: Gardening Program Feasibility in a Hospital-Based Community Garden. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:958-963. [PMID: 33039024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess feasibility in terms of acceptability, demand, and participant willingness to engage in gardening activities during an intervention delivered at a hospital-based community garden for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS In a pre-post study design, 15 adults with ≥1 CVD risk factor attended 5 education sessions over 12 weeks, tended garden beds, and completed questionnaires related to program acceptability and future gardening intentions. Interviews were used to identify areas for programmatic improvement. RESULTS Most participants rated the intervention as good or excellent (93%), and 73% indicated that it was likely that they would garden next season. Areas for programmatic improvement included creating opportunities for group discussion, providing online materials, and offering more cooking and gardening content. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Gardening as an intervention for adult patients with CVD risk factors is feasible. Assessment of the effect of gardening on health outcomes and dietary intake is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Veldheer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
| | - Renate M Winkels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joie Cooper
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Calesta Groff
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jordan Lepley
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Candace Bordner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Alexandra Wagner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Daniel R George
- Department of Humanities, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Christopher Sciamanna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Department of General Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Diekmann LO, Gray LC, Thai CL. More Than Food: The Social Benefits of Localized Urban Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.534219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Ross A, Wood L, Searle M. The indirect influence of child play on the association between parent perceptions of the neighborhood environment and sense of community. Health Place 2020; 65:102422. [PMID: 32846325 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neighborhood is a critical setting that broadly affects health, although specific mechanisms that link relationships between the neighborhood environment and indicators of health are still emerging. Children playing is a simple, but underexplored marker that may explain how the neighborhood built environment is related to a psychological sense of community. A telephone survey was conducted among parents with children in the Greater Phoenix Metropolitan area (n = 251) to gather information on perceptions of the built environment, parent attitudes and physical activity behaviors, children's play, and sense of community in the neighborhood. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) indicated that children playing in the neighborhood partially explained the relationship between perceptions of the built environment and sense of community (β = 0.031, CI = 0.007-0.067). Parent perceptions of the built environment were positively associated with both children playing (β = 0.229, CI = 0.120-0.341) and sense of community (β = 0.360, CI = 0.220-0.505), and children playing (β = 0.135, CI = 0.027-0.243) and parent attitudes (β = 0.440, CI = 0.319-0.546) were positively related to sense of community. As planners and community advocates consider strategies to build a sense of community within neighborhoods, the importance of favorable environmental conditions that facilitate children's play should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ross
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Lisa Wood
- The University of Western Australia, Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
| | - Mark Searle
- Arizona State University, School of Community Resources & Development, 411 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0685, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand who engages in home gardening and whether gardening is associated with fruit and vegetable intake and weight status. DESIGN A national cross-sectional survey. SETTING Online survey panel in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18-75 years representing the US population with respect to gender, age, race/ethnicity, income and geographic region (n 3889). RESULTS Approximately 30 % of survey respondents reported growing edible plants in a home garden. Gardeners were more likely to be White or Asian, employed, have higher income, be married, have children in the household and live in rural areas. Gardeners were less likely to be obese and more likely to meet US dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. In multivariable analyses, home gardens remained associated with fruit and vegetable intake and BMI when controlling for a range of socio-demographic characteristics and level of rurality. CONCLUSIONS The current study identifies who is gardening in the USA and provides useful information for public health efforts to increase gardening as a nutrition intervention. Future research should examine the benefits of home gardening and interventions to increase home gardening using more rigorous designs.
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Marth S, Sabitzer T, Hofmann E, Hartl B, Penz E. The Influence of Regulation on Trust and Risk Preference in Sharing Communities. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1369. [PMID: 32714243 PMCID: PMC7344323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharing within communities has gained popularity in recent years. However, taking part in a community also comes with a certain amount of risk. This perceived amount of risk can be contained by regulations within a community as well as by potential participants' trust in the community and the other members. We argue for a relation between regulation and the willingness to take the risk of joining a sharing community with trust as a mediator. Thereby, we distinguish between two kinds of regulation (soft and harsh regulation) and two kinds of trust (implicit and reason-based trust) on two different levels (vertical and horizontal trust). In one laboratory and one online experiment with 432 participants overall, we found that the compound of high soft and low harsh regulation increases participants' willingness to take the risk of participation and that the effect of soft regulation is mediated mainly by vertical and horizontal reason-based trust. Based on our results, we encourage sharing communities to count on soft regulation in order to increase potential members' trust in the community and therefore take the risk to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marth
- Institute Marketing and Sales, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Competence Center for Empirical Research Methods, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Sabitzer
- Competence Center for Empirical Research Methods, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Hofmann
- Institute for International Marketing Management, Department of Marketing, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Hartl
- Department for Management and Economics, Faculty of Business and Globalization, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute for Marketing and Consumer Research, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elfriede Penz
- Institute for International Marketing Management, Department of Marketing, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
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Gascon M, Harrall KK, Beavers AW, Glueck DH, Stanislawski MA, Alaimo K, Villalobos A, Hebert JR, Dexter K, Li K, Litt J. Feasibility of collection and analysis of microbiome data in a longitudinal randomized trial of community gardening. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:633-648. [PMID: 32495698 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We explored the feasibility of collecting and analyzing human microbiome data in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of community gardening. Methods & materials: Participants were randomly assigned to gardening (N = 8) or control (N = 8). Participants provided stool, mouth, hand and forehead microbiome samples at six timepoints. Analyses combined mixed models with Qiita output. Results: Participant satisfaction was high, with 75% of participants completing evaluations. While no microbial effects were statistically significant due to small sample size, the analysis pipeline utility was tested. Conclusion: Longitudinal collection and analysis of microbiome data in a community gardening randomized controlled trial is feasible. The analysis pipeline will be useful in larger studies for assessment of the pathway between microbiota, gardening and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Gascon
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kylie K Harrall
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 800455, USA
| | - Alyssa W Beavers
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488246, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 800457, USA
| | - Maggie A Stanislawski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 800458, USA
| | - Katherine Alaimo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488246, USA
| | - Angel Villalobos
- Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 488246, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Colombia, SC 8030310, USA
| | - Kelsey Dexter
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 2920811, USA
| | - Kaigang Li
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, CO 8004512, USA
| | - Jill Litt
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 488246, USA
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45
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Clausen LT, Schmidt C, Aagaard-Hansen J, Reinbach HC, Toft U, Bloch P. Children as visionary change agents in Danish school health promotion. Health Promot Int 2020; 34:e18-e27. [PMID: 30124857 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes children's perceptions and visions for a healthier social and physical environment in the setting of a primary school on the Danish island of Bornholm. Guided by an everyday-life perspective and applying participatory action research methods including social imagination and visual techniques within the framework of future creating workshops, the study engaged 50 children aged 6-9 years in creative processes of identifying health-related problem areas and solutions in their school setting. The study observed that the children were very capable of articulating their thoughts, ideas and visions for a better and healthier school environment. Identified problem areas and solutions differed widely and represented a broad perspective of health including social, physical, environmental and emotional aspects. The paper discusses advantages and challenges of involving children in decision-making processes and concludes that children are visionary and creative agents of change in health promotion projects provided that applied participatory methods are appealing to the children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens Aagaard-Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Health Promotion, Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ulla Toft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paul Bloch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Health Promotion, Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Balotin L, Distler S, Williams A, Peters SJ, Hunter CM, Theal C, Frank G, Alvarado T, Hernandez R, Hines A, Saikawa E. Atlanta Residents' Knowledge Regarding Heavy Metal Exposures and Remediation in Urban Agriculture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062069. [PMID: 32244979 PMCID: PMC7142863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban agriculture and gardening provide many health benefits, but the soil is sometimes at risk of heavy metal and metalloid (HMM) contamination. HMM, such as lead and arsenic, can result in adverse health effects for humans. Gardeners may face exposure to these contaminants because of their regular contact with soil and consumption of produce grown in urban areas. However, there is a lack of research regarding whether differential exposure to HMM may be attributed to differential knowledge of exposure sources. In 2018, industrial slag and hazardous levels of soil contamination were detected in West Atlanta. We conducted community-engaged research through surveys and follow-up interviews to understand awareness of slag, HMM in soil, and potential remediation options. Home gardeners were more likely to recognize HMM health effects and to cite health as a significant benefit of gardening than community gardeners. In terms of knowledge, participants were concerned about the potential health effects of contaminants in soil yet unconcerned with produce in their gardens. Gardeners’ knowledge on sources of HMM exposure and methods for remediation were low and varied based on racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Balotin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Samantha Distler
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Antoinette Williams
- Department of Health Policy, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Samuel J.W. Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30322; USA; (S.J.W.P.)
| | - Candis M. Hunter
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30322; USA; (S.J.W.P.)
| | - Chris Theal
- Historic Westside Gardens Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA (R.H.)
| | - Gil Frank
- Historic Westside Gardens Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA (R.H.)
| | - Taranji Alvarado
- Historic Westside Gardens Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA (R.H.)
| | - Rosario Hernandez
- Historic Westside Gardens Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA (R.H.)
| | - Arthur Hines
- Historic Westside Gardens Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA (R.H.)
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30322; USA; (S.J.W.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-727-0487
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Machida D, Kushida O. The Influence of Food Production Experience on Dietary Knowledge, Awareness, Behaviors, and Health among Japanese: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030924. [PMID: 32024258 PMCID: PMC7037670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the influence of food production experience on dietary knowledge, dietary awareness, dietary behaviors, and health among Japanese populations. We conducted a systematic review of articles published between January 2000 and September 2018 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019117163) using the following four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CiNii, and ICHUSHI. The search formulas were created by combining search terms “agricultural experience,” “garden,” “diet,” “food,” “physical activity,” “health,” and “well-being.” The articles were identified by titles, abstracts, and whole texts. We evaluated the content of the articles that met the adoption criteria. We included original articles from peer-reviewed scientific journals, articles written in Japanese or English, observational or interventional studies with statistical analyses, and articles targeting general Japanese people (except for those targeting patients or disabled) to examine the relationship according to the purpose of this review. Nineteen articles met the study criteria, including 10 cross-sectional studies, one retrospective study, seven pre–post studies, and three non-randomized controlled trials. Two studies combined multiple research designs. Thus, food production experiences were suggested to have a positive influence on dietary knowledge, dietary awareness, food preference, dietary behaviors, and mental health among the Japanese. However, the overall quality of the included studies was low. Further verification with randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Machida
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-352-1290
| | - Osamu Kushida
- Department of Nutrition and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
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48
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Krupsky KL, Andridge RR, Anderson SE. Residential mobility in early childhood and obesity at kindergarten age among children from the United States. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12576. [PMID: 31747140 PMCID: PMC7263531 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who frequently move have poorer behavioural, emotional, and overall health. For similar reasons, the experience of changing home may contextualize children's risk for obesity. Few studies have assessed the relationship between residential mobility and obesity; even fewer explore this relationship with assessment of obesity before school age. METHODS We analysed data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. Obesity at kindergarten age was determined from measured height and weight. Early childhood residential mobility was categorized as not moving or having moved once, twice, or three or more times. Analyses are weighted to be representative of children from the United States and variance estimates account for the complex survey design. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity at kindergarten age was 17.5%, and most children (71%) moved in early childhood. Compared with children who did not move, the adjusted odd ratios for obesity at kindergarten age were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57-0.92), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.89), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.84) for children who experienced 1, 2, or 3+ moves. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that obesity and mobility in early life are associated, but not in the way we might expect. Residential mobility may fit into a broader picture of instability and, on its own, may not elevate a child's risk for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Krupsky
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah E. Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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49
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Zasada I, Weltin M, Zoll F, Benninger SL. Home gardening practice in Pune (India), the role of communities, urban environment and the contribution to urban sustainability. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cooper AM, Felix D, Alcantara F, Zaslavsky I, Work A, Watson PL, Pezzoli K, Yu Q, Zhu D, Scavo AJ, Zarabi Y, Schroeder JI. Monitoring and mitigation of toxic heavy metals and arsenic accumulation in food crops: A case study of an urban community garden. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00198. [PMID: 31956855 PMCID: PMC6957986 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban community gardens have increased in prevalence as a means to generate fresh fruits and vegetables, including in areas lacking access to healthy food options. However, urban soils may have high levels of toxic heavy metals, including lead and cadmium and the metalloid arsenic, which can lead to severe health risks. In this study, fruit and vegetable samples grown at an urban community garden in southeastern San Diego, the Ocean View Growing Grounds, were sampled repeatedly over a four-year time period in order to measure potential contamination of toxic heavy metals and metalloids and to develop solutions for this problem. Metal nutrient, heavy metal, and metalloid concentrations were monitored in the leaf and fruit tissues of fruit trees over the sampling period. Several of the fruit trees showed uptake of lead in the leaf samples, with Black Mission fig measuring 0.843-1.531 mg/kg dry weight and Mexican Lime measuring 1.103-1.522 mg/kg dry weight over the sampling period. Vegetables that were grown directly in the ground at this community garden and surrounding areas showed arsenic, 0.80 + 0.073 mg/kg dry weight for Swiss chard, and lead, 0.84 ± 0.404 mg/kg dry weight for strawberries, in their edible tissues. The subsequent introduction of raised beds with uncontaminated soil is described, which eliminated any detectable heavy metal or metalloid contamination in these crops during the monitoring period. Recommendations for facilitating the monitoring of edible tissues and for reducing risk are discussed, including introduction of raised beds and collaborations with local universities and research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Didra Felix
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Fatima Alcantara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ilya Zaslavsky
- Spatial Information Systems LaboratorySan Diego Supercomputer CenterLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Amy Work
- UC San Diego LibrarySan Diego Supercomputer CenterLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Keith Pezzoli
- Department of Urban Studies and PlanningBioregional Center for Sustainability Science, Planning and DesignUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Qi Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative BiologySchool of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Zhu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Alexander J. Scavo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Yasman Zarabi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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