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Maurotti S, Pujia R, Ferro Y, Mare R, Russo R, Coppola A, Gazzaruso C, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Paone S, Mollace V, Mazza E. A nutraceutical with Citrus bergamia and Cynara cardunculus improves endothelial function in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition 2024; 118:112294. [PMID: 38042043 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyphenol intake may prevent hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease by potentially improving endothelial function. The purposes of this study are to investigate the association between fatty liver disease and endothelial dysfunction and to test the effects of a nutraceutical containing extracts made from Citrus bergamia and Cynara cardunculus on peripheral vascular endothelial function in adults with liver steatosis. METHODS We analyzed data from 32 individuals with hepatic steatosis and endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperemia index ≤ 1.67). Sixteen subjects took 1 capsule/d (300 mg/d) containing Cynara cardunculus extract and bergamot polyphenol fraction, while the other 16 subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index took 1 capsule/d of placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. All anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline and after 12 wk as were lipids, glucose, and reactive hyperemia index using an EndoPAT 2000. RESULTS The mean age was 52 ± 9 y. The mean reactive hyperemia index was 1.15 ± 0.4. After 12 wk, we found a greater increase in reactive hyperemia index in the participants taking the nutraceutical rather than placebo (0.58 ± 0.5 versus 0.13 ± 0.5; P = 0.02, respectively). The stepwise multivariable analysis confirmed a positive association between reactive hyperemia index change and the nutraceutical treatment (B = 0.38; P = 0.025) and negative association with reactive hyperemia index values at baseline (B = -0.81; P < 0.001). No association was found between the reduction in the amount of intrahepatic fat and the improvement of endothelial function (B = 0.002; P = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS A nutraceutical containing bergamot and artichoke extracts improves peripheral vascular endothelial function in adults with hepatic steatosis and early phase of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rosario Mare
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriana Coppola
- Diabetes and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases Unit, Istituto Clinico Beato Matteo, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Vigevano, Italy
| | - Carmine Gazzaruso
- Diabetes and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases Unit, Istituto Clinico Beato Matteo, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Vigevano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Bertozzi-Matheus M, Bueno-Pereira TO, Nunes PR, Sandrim VC. EGCG, a Green Tea Compound, Increases NO Production and Has Antioxidant Action in a Static and Shear Stress In Vitro Model of Preeclampsia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:158. [PMID: 38397756 PMCID: PMC10886151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational hypertensive disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main compound in green tea, is a promising therapeutic target for the disease. By activating eNOS, EGCG increased NO production and exerted an important antioxidant action, but its specific impact in the context of PE remains understudied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of EGCG on endothelial function in static and shear stress in in vitro models of PE. Endothelial cells were incubated with healthy (HP) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnant women's plasma, and the latter group was treated with EGCG. Additionally, NOS (L-NAME) and PI3K protein (LY249002) inhibitors were also used. The levels of NO, ROS, and O2•- were evaluated, as well as the antioxidant potential. These investigations were also carried out in a shear stress model. We found that EGCG increases the NO levels, which were reduced in the PE group. This effect was attenuated with the use of L-NAME and LY249002. Furthermore, EGCG increased the antioxidant capacity of PE, but its action decreased with LY294002. In cells subjected to shear stress, EGCG increased nitrite levels in the PE group and maintained its action on the antioxidant capacity. This is the first study of the effects of EGCG in this experimental model, as well as the investigation of its effects along with shear stress. Our findings suggest that EGCG improves parameters of endothelial dysfunction in vitro, making it a promising target in the search for treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valeria Cristina Sandrim
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (M.B.-M.); (T.O.B.-P.); (P.R.N.)
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Zhu Y, Guan H, Zhu X, Cai J, Jiao X, Shan J, Li Y, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Astilbin antagonizes developmental cardiotoxicity after cadmium exposure in chicken embryos by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintaining calcium homeostasis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115847. [PMID: 38118333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous heavy metal with high toxicity that is known to impair development. Astilbin (ASB) is a protective flavonoid compound. We aimed to explore whether ASB can antagonize the myocardial developmental toxicity of Cd exposure. Cd (2 µg) and/or ASB (0.002 µg) were injected into embryonized eggs that were 1 day old. Histological examinations revealed Cd-induced ventricular dilation, reduced wall thickness, and disrupted myocardial fiber connections, while co-administration of ASB mitigated these effects. Electron microscopy confirmed ASB's ability to counteract Cd-induced myocardial cell myofibril damage. Real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) molecular investigations revealed that Cd increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in myocardial tissue and primary cardiomyocytes, as shown by raised expression of stress-related genes (GRP78, XBP1, GRP94, ATF4, ATF6, IRE1, and CHOP). Moreover, Cd disrupted calcium homeostasis, affecting important genes linked to Ca2+ channels and causing an excess of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. In addition, we detected genes related to development and differentiation-related genes in myocardial tissue and primary cardiomyocytes. The results showed that the downregulation of transcription factors in the IrxA cluster, Mefs, and Tbxs families after Cd exposure indicated that cardiac transcription was hindered and cardiac markers (TnnT2, TnnC1, Gata4, Gata6, and Nkx2-5) were abnormally expressed. ASB successfully mitigated these disturbances. During the cell cycle, primary cardiomyocytes undergo growth arrest in flow cytometry. These results suggest that the maturation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes are inhibited after Cd exposure, and ASB has an antagonistic effect on Cd. The present study indicated that Cd could trigger developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos and primary cardiomyocytes by endoplasmic reticulum stress and Ca2+ overload, respectively, while ASB has an antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoyue Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xingxi Zhu
- Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, PR China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Xing Jiao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Jianhua Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 10000, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Feng S, Yang M, Liu S, He Y, Deng S, Gong Y. Oxidative stress as a bridge between age and stroke: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:313-319. [PMID: 38028635 PMCID: PMC10658045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third most common cause of death globally and a leading cause of disability. The cellular and molecular changes following stroke and causes of neuronal death are not fully understood, and there are few effective treatments currently available. A rapid increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) post stroke can overwhelm antioxidant defenses and trigger a series of pathophysiologic events including the inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, apoptosis, and autophagy, ultimately leading to neuron degeneration and apoptosis. It is thought that beyond a certain age, the ROS accumulation resulting from stroke increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. In the present review, we summarize the role of oxidative stress (OS) as a link between aging and stroke pathogenesis. We also discuss how antioxidants can play a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of stroke by eliminating harmful ROS, delaying aging, and alleviating damage to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Miaoxian Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengpeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020,China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Aqeel MT, Rahman NU, Khan AU, Khan MT, Ashraf Z, Hassan SSU, Bungau SG, Majid M. Cardioprotective effect of 2-methoxy phenol derivatives against oxidative stress-induced vascular complications: An integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115240. [PMID: 37531779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in macro/microvascular complications. Phenolic compounds and their derivatives show promise as therapeutic agents for diseases like cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. With their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, these compounds hold potential for mitigating vascular complications and improving overall health. METHODOLOGY This study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of five 2-methoxy phenol derivatives (T2, T5, T6, T7, and T8) as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and vasorelaxants using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. RESULTS Among all, T2 exhibited substantial antioxidant potential against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with IC50 (27.97 µg/mL), nitric oxide (NO) radicals (IC50 = 34.36 µg/mL), hydroxyl (OH) radicals (IC50 = 34.83 µg/mL) and Iron chelation (IC50 = 24.32 µg/mL). Molecular docking analysis confirms that all derivatives, particularly T2, exhibit favorable binding energies with the target proteins, ACE (-7.7 Kcal/mol), ECE-1 (-7.9 Kcal/mol), and COX-1 (-7.8 Kcal/mol). All of the compounds demonstrated satisfactory physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and showed minimal to no toxicity during in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assessments. In isolated aortic rings from Sprague Dawley rats, pre-contracted with high K+ (80 mM), T2 induced vasorelaxation in dose dependent manner and shifted calcium response curves to the right as compared to verapamil. T2 also showed substantial platelet aggregation inhibition in a dose dependent manner with IC50 21.29 µM. All derivatives except T7 exhibited significant conservation of endogenous antioxidants i.e. catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and significantly suppressed serum levels of inflammatory markers i.e. nitric oxide (NO), peroxides (TBARS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). CONCLUSION The study concludes that T2 has significant antioxidant potential and vasorelaxant effects with adequate pharmacokinetics, making it a promising lead compound for further molecular investigation in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisar-Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45720, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Alalawi S, Albalawi F, Ramji DP. The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108476. [PMID: 37239823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although current therapies, such as statins, have led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from ACVD, they are associated with considerable residual risk for the disease together with various adverse side effects. Natural compounds are generally well-tolerated; a major recent goal has been to harness their full potential in the prevention and treatment of ACVD, either alone or together with existing pharmacotherapies. Punicalagin (PC) is the main polyphenol present in pomegranates and pomegranate juice and demonstrates many beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. The objective of this review is to inform on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ACVD and the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of PC and its metabolites in the disease, including the attenuation of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, foam cell formation, and inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells together with the regulation of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Some of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PC and its metabolites are due to their strong radical-scavenging activities. PC and its metabolites also inhibit the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the promising findings that have emerged from numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, deeper mechanistic insights and large clinical trials are required to harness the full potential of PC and its metabolites in the prevention and treatment of ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Faizah Albalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Kim S, Lee H, Moon H, Kim R, Kim M, Jeong S, Kim H, Kim SH, Hwang SS, Lee MY, Kim J, Song BW, Chang W. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction via Inhibition of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1059. [PMID: 37237925 PMCID: PMC10215739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue damage following ischemia leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol flavonoid or catechin, exerts bioactivity in tissues with various diseases and protects ischemic myocardium; however, its association with the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is unknown. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were treated with EGCG to verify cellular function. In addition, EGCG is involved in RhoA GTPase transmission, resulting in reduced cell mobility, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related factors. A mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model was used to confirm the association between EGCG and EndMT in vivo. In the EGCG-treated group, ischemic tissue was regenerated by regulating proteins involved in the EndMT process, and cardioprotection was induced by positively regulating apoptosis and fibrosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, EGCG can reactivate myocardial function due to EndMT inhibition. In summary, our findings confirm that EGCG is an impact activator controlling the cardiac EndMT process derived from ischemic conditions and suggest that supplementation with EGCG may be beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyunjae Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Minsuk Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Seongtae Jeong
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hojin Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.S.H.)
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medical Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.S.H.)
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medical Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
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Abdelsalam SA, Renu K, Zahra HA, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Veeraraghavan VP, Sivalingam K, Ronsard L, Ammar RB, Vidya DS, Karuppaiya P, Al-Ramadan SY, Rajendran P. Polyphenols Mediate Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke-An Update. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051107. [PMID: 36904106 PMCID: PMC10005012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability, and it is due to be included in monetary implications on wellbeing frameworks around the world. Ischemic stroke is caused by interference in cerebral blood flow, leading to a deficit in the supply of oxygen to the affected region. It accounts for nearly 80-85% of all cases of stroke. Oxidative stress has a significant impact on the pathophysiologic cascade in brain damage leading to stroke. In the acute phase, oxidative stress mediates severe toxicity, and it initiates and contributes to late-stage apoptosis and inflammation. Oxidative stress conditions occur when the antioxidant defense in the body is unable to counteract the production and aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The previous literature has shown that phytochemicals and other natural products not only scavenge oxygen free radicals but also improve the expressions of cellular antioxidant enzymes and molecules. Consequently, these products protect against ROS-mediated cellular injury. This review aims to give an overview of the most relevant data reported in the literature on polyphenolic compounds, namely, gallic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, mangiferin, epigallocatechin, and pinocembrin, in terms of their antioxidant effects and potential protective activity against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Hamad Abu Zahra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebai Ben Ammar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Technopole of Borj-Cedria, P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Devanathadesikan Seshadri Vidya
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniyandi Karuppaiya
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - S. Y. Al-Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-0135899543
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Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Markers of Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031857. [PMID: 36768179 PMCID: PMC9916388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles causes inflammatory changes leading to fibrotizing silicosis. Considering a lack of effective therapy, and a growing information on the wide actions of green tea polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the aim of this study was to evaluate the early effects of EGCG on markers of inflammation and lung fibrosis in silicotic rats. The silicosis model was induced by a single transoral intratracheal instillation of silica (50 mg/mL/animal), while controls received an equivalent volume of saline. The treatment with intraperitoneal EGCG (20 mg/kg, or saline in controls) was initiated the next day after silica instillation and was given twice a week. Animals were euthanized 14 or 28 days after the treatment onset, and the total and differential counts of leukocytes in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), wet/dry lung weight ratio, and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the lung were determined. The presence of collagen and smooth muscle mass in the walls of bronchioles and lung vessels was investigated immunohistochemically. Early treatment with EGCG showed some potential to alleviate inflammation, and a trend to decrease oxidative stress-induced changes, including apoptosis, and a prevention of fibrotic changes in the bronchioles and pulmonary vessels. However, further investigations should be undertaken to elucidate the effects of EGCG in the lung silicosis model in more detail. In addition, because of insufficient data from EGCG delivery in silicosis, the positive and eventual adverse effects of this herbal compound should be carefully studied before any preventive use or therapy with EGCG may be recommended.
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Li RL, Wang LY, Duan HX, Qian D, Zhang Q, He LS, Li XP. Natural flavonoids derived from herbal medicines are potential anti-atherogenic agents by inhibiting oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1141180. [PMID: 36909175 PMCID: PMC10001913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1141180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the common pathological basis of various cardiovascular diseases, the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerosis (AS) have increased in recent years. Unfortunately, there are still many problems in the treatment of AS, and the prevention and treatment of the disease is not ideal. Up to now, the occurrence and development of AS can roughly include endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammation, foam cell production, and neoangiogenesis. Among them, endothelial dysfunction, as an early event of AS, plays a particularly important role in promoting the development of AS. In addition, oxidative stress occurs throughout the causes of endothelial dysfunction. Some previous studies have shown that flavonoids derived from herbal medicines are typical secondary metabolites. Due to its structural presence of multiple active hydroxyl groups, it is able to exert antioxidant activity in diseases. Therefore, in this review, we will search PubMed, Web of Science, Elesvier, Wliey, Springer for relevant literature, focusing on flavonoids extracted from herbal medicines, and summarizing how they can prevent endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress. Meanwhile, in our study, we found that flavonoid represented by quercetin and naringenin showed superior protective effects both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the potential of flavonoid compounds in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Qian
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Sha He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Ping Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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12
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Zhang N, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang D. Exploring the mechanism of wendan decoction in the treatment of ischemic stroke using bioinformatics and network pharmacology. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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13
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Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Arancibia-Riveros C, Carrasco-Jimenez JC, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2140. [PMID: 36358511 PMCID: PMC9686949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = -0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Arancibia-Riveros
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Yan G, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Wang W. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from four edible flowers. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.29.5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify new sources of natural antioxidants, the antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from four edible flower samples [Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC., Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn, Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem, and Cucurbita pepo L.) were systemically investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and individual phenolic profile of each extract were investigated, and antioxidant activities were measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, total reduction capability, and ferrous ions chelating activity. Results revealed that all flower extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and contained certain amounts of phenolic compounds. Specifically, different solvents exhibited different efficiencies in the extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and compounds with antioxidant activities. The 70% ethanolic extract from B. hispida yielded the highest TPC (49.92 mg GAE/g DW), superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC50, 0.073 mg/mL), and FRAP value (18.05 mg of GAE/g DW). The highest TFC was obtained with the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis (30.39 mg QE/g DW), and the contents of apigenin, luteolin, and myricetin in the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other extracts. The 40% ethanolic extract of L. cylindrica yielded the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50, 0.340 mg/mL), and water extract of B. hispida yielded the highest chelating activity (0.027 mg/mL). Correlation analysis indicated that total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts were the major contributors to the DPPH scavenging activities and FRAP activities. Overall, results demonstrated that these edible flowers could serve as useful source of natural antioxidants, and be used as functional food ingredients.
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Osmanthus Fragrans Loaded NIPAAM Hydrogel Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100659. [PMID: 36286160 PMCID: PMC9601630 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find long-acting, natural osteogenesis-promoting drug systems. In this study, first the potential targets and mechanism of osmanthus fragrans (O. fragrans) extract in regulating osteogenic differentiation based on autophagy were analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Then, osmanthus fragrans was extracted using the ethanol reflux method and an osmanthus fragrans extract loaded Poly N-isopropylacrylamide (OF/NIPAAM) hydrogel was prepared by electron beam radiation. The chemical components of the osmanthus fragrans extract and the microstructure of OF/NIPAAM hydrogels were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1 were cultured with different concentrations of OF/NIPAAM hydrogel to discover cell proliferation activity by CCK-8 assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to observe the differentiation and calcification. Through experimental exploration, we found that a total of 11 targets were predicted, which are TP53, CASP3, SIRT1, etc., and osmanthus fragrans had good binding activity to TP53. In vitro, except for proliferation promotion, OF/NIPAAM hydrogel enhanced ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules of MC3T3-E1 cells at a concentration equal to or less than 62.5 μg/mL (p < 0.05). The addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reduced ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation.
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16
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Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG): A Time for a New Player in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081566. [PMID: 36009285 PMCID: PMC9405266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol of green tea that possesses a wide variety of actions. EGCG acts as a strong antioxidant which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits pro-oxidant enzymes including NADPH oxidase, activates antioxidant systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione, and reduces abundant production of nitric oxide metabolites by inducible nitric oxide synthase. ECGC also exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-apoptotic, anti-tumorous, and metabolic effects via modulation of a variety of intracellular signaling cascades. Based on this knowledge, the use of EGCG could be of benefit in respiratory diseases with acute or chronic inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotizing processes in their pathogenesis. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in those respiratory diseases or animal models in which EGCG has been administered, i.e., acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory infections, COVID-19, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, and lung embolism, and critically discusses effectiveness of EGCG administration in these respiratory disorders. For this review, articles in English language from the PubMed database were used.
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Pang L, Jiang X, Lian X, Chen J, Song EF, Jin LG, Xia ZY, Ma HC, Cai Y. Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 35786219 PMCID: PMC9252041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction (CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas: (1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling; (2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women; (3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CR-mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Health Promotion Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Gang Jin
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Berdowska I, Zieliński B, Matusiewicz M, Fecka I. Modulatory Impact of Lamiaceae Metabolites on Apoptosis of Human Leukemia Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867709. [PMID: 35784715 PMCID: PMC9240652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae species are rich sources of biologically active compounds which have been applied in medicine since ancient times. Especially their antineoplastic properties have been thoroughly studied with respect to their putative application in chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, the most known biological effects of Lamiaceae have been ascribed to their essential oil fractions, whereas their (poly)phenolic metabolites being also abundant in these plants, are much less recognized, nevertheless contributing to their beneficial properties, such as anti-cancer actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dried aqueous extracts from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (ExTv), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) (ExTs), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) (ExOm), and peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) (ExMp), as well as (poly)phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (CA), rosmarinic acid (RA), lithospermic acid (LA), luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide (Lgr), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (Lr), eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside (Er), and arbutin (Ab), on unstimulated Jurkat cells, in comparison with their effect on staurosporine-stimulated Jurkat cells. Jurkat T cells were incubated with different concentrations of ExTv, ExTs, ExOm, ExMp, Lgr, LA, Er, Lr, RA, CA, or Ab. Subsequently, staurosporine was added to half of the samples and flow cytometry combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was conducted, which allowed for the selection of early and late apoptotic cells. Both ExTs and ExOm stimulated apoptosis of Jurkat cells and enhanced the proapoptotic effect of staurosporine. Conversely, ExTv and ExMp demonstrated no clear effect on apoptosis. CA and RA raised the staurosporine-induced apoptotic effect. The impact of Er and Lgr on Jurkat cells showed fluctuations depending on the compound concentration. Neither Er nor Ab altered staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, whereas Lgr seemed to weaken the proapoptotic action of staurosporine. The most evident observation in this study was the pro-apoptotic action of ExTs and ExOm observed both in staurosporine-unstimulated and stimulated Jurkat cells. Additionally, an enhancement of staurosporine-induced apoptosis by caffeic and rosmarinic acids was reported. Therefore, it might be concluded that these are the mixtures of biologically active polyphenols which often exert more pronounced beneficial effects than purified molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Izabela Berdowska, ; Małgorzata Matusiewicz,
| | - Bogdan Zieliński
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Matusiewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Izabela Berdowska, ; Małgorzata Matusiewicz,
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Zhang L, Ma J, Yang F, Li S, Ma W, Chang X, Yang L. Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin on Ischemic Stroke: A Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854249. [PMID: 35662707 PMCID: PMC9158527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high recurrence and disability; however, its therapies are very limited. As one of the effective methods of treating acute attacks of IS, intravenous thrombolysis has a clear time window. Quercetin, a flavonoid widely found in vegetables and fruits, inhibits immune cells from secreting inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing platelet aggregation and limiting inflammatory thrombosis. In pre-clinical studies, it has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients with ischemic brain injury. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown. Therefore, this review aims to use published data to elucidate the potential value of quercetin in patients with ischemic brain injury. This article also reviews the plant sources, pharmacological effects, and metabolic processes of quercetin in vivo, thus focusing on its mechanism in inhibiting immune cell activation and inflammatory thrombosis as well as promoting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingying Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sishi Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wangran Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiang Chang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102030. [PMID: 35631173 PMCID: PMC9143056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.
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Ye X, Tang X, Li F, Zhu J, Wu M, Wei X, Wang Y. Green and Oolong Tea Extracts With Different Phytochemical Compositions Prevent Hypertension and Modulate the Intestinal Flora in a High-Salt Diet Fed Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:892801. [PMID: 35600813 PMCID: PMC9121855 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (GT) and oolong tea (OLT) are widely consumed beverages, and their preventive and regulatory effects on hypertension have been reported. However, the interventional effects of GT and OLT on hypertension induced by a high-salt diet and its mechanism have not been fully explored. This study evaluated the anti-hypertensive effects of GT and OLT and their underlying mechanisms. The in vivo anti-hypertensive effects of GT and OLT and their capability to prevent hypertension and regulate the intestinal microbiota in Wistar rats fed with a high-salt diet were evaluated. Our results show that GT and OLT supplementations could regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, gene expression, and parameter levels related to blood pressure (BP) and prevent the increase in BP induced by a high-salt diet. Furthermore, both GT and OLT boosted the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria and conditionally pathogenic bacteria, and regulated the intestinal microbial metabolism pathway related to BP. Among them, OLT presented better effects than GT. These findings indicate that GT and OLT can prevent hypertension caused by high-salt diets, which may be due to the regulation of intestinal flora by GT and OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglan Li
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangxiong Zhu
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlin Wei,
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Yuanfeng Wang,
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Li N, Zhang Y, Morita T, Kishi H, Kobayashi S. Inhibitory mechanism of tangeretin, a citrus flavone on the sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC)-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Selenium-enriched and ordinary green tea extracts prevent high blood pressure and alter gut microbiota composition of hypertensive rats caused by high-salt diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Shirazi-Tehrani E, Chamasemani A, Firouzabadi N, Mousaei M. ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension. RNA Biol 2022; 19:575-587. [PMID: 35438046 PMCID: PMC9037439 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2066335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence indicates that polyphenols have potential protective roles for various CVDs. Hypertension (HTN) is among the hazardous CVDs accounting for nearly 8.5 million deaths worldwide. HTN is a complex and multifactorial disease and a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play major roles in its development. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. Polyphenols have shown to cause favourable and beneficial effects in the management of HTN. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as influential mediators in modulating the biological properties of polyphenols, have shown significant footprints in CVDs. ncRNAs control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct link with blood pressure (BP) regulation is highly probable. Recent evidence suggests that a number of ncRNAs, including main small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles with respect to the antihypertensive effects of polyphenols. Indeed, targeting lncRNAs by polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in the management of HTN. Herein, we reviewed the effects of polyphenols in HTN. Additionally, we emphasized on the potential effects of polyphenols on regulations of main ncRNAs, which imply the role of polyphenols in regulating ncRNAs in order to exert protective effects and thus proposing them as new targets for HTN treatment.Abbreviations : CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension, lncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs; p38-MAPK: p38-mitogenactivated protein kinase; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; cGMP: Cyclic GMP; eNOS: endothelial NO synthase; ERK ½: extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½; L-Arg: L-Arginine; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phosphorus; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3-K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol diphosphate; ncRNAs: non-protein-coding RNA; miRNAs: microRNAs; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; RES: resveratrol; GE: grape extract; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PARP1: poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; HIF1a: Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; PAD: peripheral artery disease; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; AT1R: angiotensin type-1 receptor; Nox: NADPH oxidase; HO-1: haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; irf7: interferon regulatory factor 7; limo2: LIM only domain 2; GWAS: genome-wide association study; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; Asb3, Ankyrin repeat and SPCS box containing 3; Chac2: cation transport regulator homolog 2; Pex11b: peroxisomal membrane 11B; Sp5: Sp5 transcription factor; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; ApoE: Apo lipoprotein E; ERK-MAP kinase: extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAH: pulmonary artery hypertension; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; HIF1a: hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; HMEC-1: Human microvascular endothelial cells; stat2: signal transducers and activators of transcription 2; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; iNOS: inducible NO synthase. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CAD: coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirazi-Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Chamasemani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mousaei
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Seong EH, Gong DS, Shiwakoti S, Adhikari D, Kim HJ, Oak MH. Taxifolin as a Major Bioactive Compound in the Vasorelaxant Effect of Different Pigmented Rice Bran Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:799064. [PMID: 35387354 PMCID: PMC8979019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.799064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in recent years. The intake of polyphenol rich diets has been associated with improved cardiovascular function and reduced cardiovascular risks. Oryza sativa L. is one of the most common cereals worldwide. Rice bran, a byproduct of the rice milling process, contains many bioactive ingredients, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. It is also consumed as a healthy diet in the form of rice bran oil and powder in many Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and India for its several health benefits as a natural antioxidant. Thus, this study evaluated the vasorelaxant effect of ethanolic extracts of brown, green, red, and black rice bran and investigated its underlying vasorelaxant mechanism. Among the four rice bran extracts (RBEs) examined, the red rice bran extract (RRBE) had a strong endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect, which was markedly prevented by N-ω-nitro-L-arginine [endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor], wortmannin [phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor], and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (inhibitor of guanylate cyclase). Likewise, RRBE induced the phosphorylation of eNOS and Src in cultured endothelial cells, thereby stimulating NO formation. Altogether, these findings propose that RRBE induces endothelium-dependent relaxation, involving at least in part, NO-mediated signaling through the PI3K/eNOS pathway. Further, LC-PDA analysis conducted on the four RBEs also revealed that RRBE highly contained taxifolin, which is an active flavanonol that induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, compared to other RBEs. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of taxifolin was assessed through vascular reactivity studies with pharmacological inhibitors similar to that of RRBE. These findings deciphered a distinct difference in vasorelaxant effects between RRBE and the other RBEs. We also observed that RRBE induced a potent endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation in coronary artery rings, which involved the Src/PI3K pathway that activates eNOS. Additionally, taxifolin exhibited, at least in part, similar vasoprotective effects of RRBE. Therefore, we propose that RRBE may serve as natural sources of functional phytochemicals that improve cardiovascular diseases associated with disturbed NO production and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Dal-Seong Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Saugat Shiwakoti
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
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The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030545. [PMID: 35276904 PMCID: PMC8840535 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols on vascular health, blood pressure and hypertension. There is evidence that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa and green tea rich in flavan-3-ols, almonds and pistachios rich in hydroxycinnamic acids, and soy products rich in isoflavones, are able to improve blood pressure levels. A variety of mechanisms can elucidate the observed effects. Some limitations of the evidence, including variability of polyphenol content in plant-derived foods and human absorption, difficulty disentangling the effects of polyphenols from other dietary compounds, and discrepancy of doses between animal and human studies should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based dietary pattern including a variety of polyphenol-rich foods is an advisable practice to improve blood pressure.
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Pecoraro L, Zoller T, Atkinson RL, Nisi F, Antoniazzi F, Cavarzere P, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A. Supportive treatment of vascular dysfunction in pediatric subjects with obesity: the OBELIX study. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:2. [PMID: 35013093 PMCID: PMC8748969 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight or obese children develop abnormal endothelial cell dysfunction and arterial intima-media thickening with increased vasomotor tone and inflammation. Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function. We test, among overweight and obese pediatric subjects, the effects on the endothelium of a combination of curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D. METHODS Forty-eight subjects (6-17 years) were randomized into two groups (placebo vs treatment) attended three visits at 0, 3, and 6 months (±15 days). Endothelial function was assessed by means of a post-occlusive release hyperemic (PORH) test for estimation of delta flow (DF) and hyperemic AUC index, and a heat provocation test (HPT) to measure DF HPT (DFHPT). RESULTS Significant DF difference was noted at 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). Overall time trend was significantly different between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months both in placebo (p < 0.05) and treatment (p < 0.001) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). No differences were noted in hyperemic AUC index (3 and 6 months), whilst there were significant differences in time trends of rreatment (p < 0.001) and placebo (p < 0.05) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). DFHPT difference between groups was significant at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). The overall time trend was significant exclusively in Treatment group between 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Correlation with anthropometrics was found for DF and body mass index (r = 0.677 6 months, p < 0.05), as well as for hyperemic AUC index and males (r = 0.348, p < 0.05), while DFHPT showed no correlation. CONCLUSION Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D appear to be promising in enhancing endothelial function by improvement of both DF in the PORH test and DF in the HPT, lowering the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in overweight and obese pediatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Paediatric Clinic, ASST Mantua, Mantua, Italy
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard L Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fulvio Nisi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavarzere
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Kudo R, Yuui K, Kasuda S. Endothelium-Independent Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Induced by Persimmon-Derived Polyphenol Phytocomplex in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010089. [PMID: 35010964 PMCID: PMC8746468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effect of polyphenols is well known, and the mortality rate due to coronary artery disease is low in people who consume polyphenol-containing foods. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which polyphenols derived from persimmon juice (PJ) and persimmon leaves (PLs) induce vasorelaxation and suppress vasocontraction in the superior mesenteric arteries isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats. Vasocontraction was induced with 1 µM phenylephrine, and polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation was expressed as a percentage of the previous tone induced by phenylephrine. PJ powder (100 mg/L) induced higher levels of vasorelaxation (mean ± standard error of the mean, 88.6% ± 4.4%) than PLs powder (1 g/L; 72.0% ± 10.8%). Nitric oxide pathway inhibitors (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + carboxy-PTIO) did not affect persimmon-derived polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation, whereas potassium chloride, tetraethylammonium, and potassium-channel inhibitors did. Vasorelaxation was endothelium independent with both extracts. Phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction was suppressed by pretreatment with PJ and PLs powder, even when inositol triphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx were inhibited. These results suggest that persimmon-derived polyphenol phytocomplex cause vasorelaxation and inhibit vasocontraction through hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. Persimmon-derived polyphenols may be able to prevent cardiovascular diseases caused by abnormal contraction of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kudo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8843
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Li M, Zheng Y, Deng S, Yu T, Ma Y, Ge J, Li J, Li X, Ma L. Potential therapeutic effects and applications of Eucommiae Folium in secondary hypertension. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:711-718. [PMID: 36320603 PMCID: PMC9615539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae Folium (EF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat secondary hypertension, including renal hypertension and salt-sensitive hypertension, as well as hypertension caused by thoracic aortic endothelial dysfunction, a high-fat diet, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The antihypertensive components of EF are divided into four categories: flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, and phenylpropanoids, such as chlorogenic acid, geniposide acid and pinoresinol diglucoside. EF regulates the occurrence and development of hypertension by regulating biological processes, such as inhibiting inflammation, regulating the nitric oxide synthase pathway, reducing oxidative stress levels, regulating endothelial vasoactive factors, and lowering blood pressure. However, its molecular antihypertensive mechanisms are still unclear and require further investigation. In this review, by consulting the relevant literature on the antihypertensive effects of EF and using network pharmacology, we summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of EF in the treatment of hypertension to clarify how EF is associated with secondary hypertension, the related components, and underlying mechanisms. The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicated that EF treats hypertension through a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism. In particular, we discussed the role of EF targets in the treatment of hypertension, including epithelial sodium channel, heat shock protein70, rho-associated protein kinase 1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The relevant signal transduction pathways, the ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase/eNOS/NO/Ca2+ pathways, are also discussed. Eucommiae Folium (EF) treats secondary hypertension via the RhoA/ROCK1 and NO/sGC/cGMP pathways. EF inhibits oxidative stress and improves endothelial dysfunction to treat hypertension. EF's antihypertensive components are phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, iridoids. KEGG analysis showed EF treated hypertension through the MAPK and TNF signaling pathways.
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Punicalagin in Cancer Prevention-Via Signaling Pathways Targeting. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082733. [PMID: 34444893 PMCID: PMC8400644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) has been applied in medicine since ancient times due to its broad-spectrum health-beneficial properties. It is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Anticancer activities of pomegranate with reference to modulated signaling pathways in various cancer diseases have been recently reviewed. However, less is known about punicalagin (Pug), a prevailing compound in pomegranate, seemingly responsible for its most beneficial properties. In this review, the newest data derived from recent scientific reports addressing Pug impact on neoplastic cells are summarized and discussed. Its attenuating effect on signaling circuits promoting cancer growth and invasion is depicted. The Pug-induced redirection of signal-transduction pathways from survival and proliferation into cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy (thus compromising neoplastic progression) is delineated. Considerations presented in this review are based mainly on data obtained from in vitro cell line models and concern the influence of Pug on human cervical, ovarian, breast, lung, thyroid, colorectal, central nervous system, bone, as well as other cancer types.
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31
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Shen H, Zhang J, Guo C, Gao X, Chen J, Chang C, Han X, Wang L. Characterization and optimization of hydrothermal extraction of quercetin from
Quercus
leaves using response surface methodology. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Chensi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Junying Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiuli Han
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro North Carolina USA
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Li J, Sun Z, Luo G, Wang S, Cui H, Yao Z, Xiong H, He Y, Qian Y, Fan C. Quercetin Attenuates Trauma-Induced Heterotopic Ossification by Tuning Immune Cell Infiltration and Related Inflammatory Insult. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649285. [PMID: 34093537 PMCID: PMC8173182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is one of the most intractable disorders following musculoskeletal injury and is characterized by the ectopic presence of bone tissue in the soft tissue leading to severe loss of function in the extremities. Recent studies have indicated that immune cell infiltration and inflammation are involved in aberrant bone formation. In this study, we found increased monocyte/macrophage and mast cell accumulation during early HO progression. Macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes and mast cell stabilization by cromolyn sodium significantly impeded HO formation. Therefore, we proposed that the dietary phytochemical quercetin could also suppress immune cell recruitment and related inflammatory responses to prevent HO. As expected, quercetin inhibited the monocyte-to-macrophage transition, macrophage polarization, and mast cell activation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Using a murine burn/tenotomy model, we also demonstrated that quercetin attenuated inflammatory responses and HO in vivo. Furthermore, elevated SIRT1 and decreased acetylated NFκB p65 expression were responsible for the mechanism of quercetin, and the beneficial effects of quercetin were reversed by the SIRT1 antagonist EX527 and mimicked by the SIRT agonist SRT1720. The findings in this study suggest that targeting monocyte/macrophage and mast cell activities may represent an attractive approach for therapeutic intervention of HO and that quercetin may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of trauma-induced HO by modulating SIRT1/NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8815447. [PMID: 33727944 PMCID: PMC7937485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8815447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods The bioactive components and potential targets of BHD were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, ETCM, and SymMap databases. Besides, compounds that failed to find the targets from the above databases were predicted through STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, and SEA. Moreover, six databases were searched to mine targets of IS. The intersection targets were obtained and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. Furthermore, BHD-IS PPI network, compound-target network, and herb-target-pathway network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0. Finally, AutoDock was used for molecular docking verification. Results A total of 235 putative targets were obtained from 59 active compounds in BHD. Among them, 62 targets were related to IS. PPI network showed that the top ten key targets were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, AKT1, etc. The enrichment analysis demonstrated candidate BHD targets were more frequently involved in TNF, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Network topology analysis showed that Radix Astragali was the main herb in BHD, and the key components were quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, stigmasterol, etc. The results of molecular docking showed the active components in BHD had a good binding ability with the key targets. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that BHD exerted the effect of treating IS by regulating multitargets and multichannels with multicomponents through the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking.
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Naylor LH, Zimmermann D, Guitard-Uldry M, Poquet L, Lévêques A, Eriksen B, Bel Rhlid R, Galaffu N, D'Urzo C, De Castro A, Van Schaick E, Green DJ, Actis-Goretta L. Acute dose-response effect of coffee-derived chlorogenic acids on the human vasculature in healthy volunteers: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:370-379. [PMID: 33330899 PMCID: PMC7851825 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported lower risk of cardiovascular disease with moderate coffee consumption. In addition, emerging evidence indicates that consumption of coffee beverages enriched in chlorogenic acids (CGAs) may influence blood pressure and endothelial function, suggesting that the beneficial cardiovascular effect of coffee may relate to its CGA content. OBJECTIVES We conducted a double-blind randomized crossover trial to test the effect of acute consumption of a decaffeinated green coffee extract (DGCE), rich in CGAs, on endothelial function in healthy subjects. METHODS We compared 3 different doses of DGCE (302, 604, and 906 mg, respectively) with a placebo. Endothelial function was defined as the percentage change in the internal diameter of the brachial artery in response to flow-mediated dilation (%FMD). In addition, we followed the plasma concentration-time profiles of 25 systemic CGA metabolites over 24 h after DGCE consumption and we explored the relation between systemic concentrations of CGAs and the effect on %FMD. RESULTS The DGCE formulations containing different amounts of CGAs resulted in dose-proportional increases in overall total polyphenol concentrations. The systemic appearance of total CGAs was biphasic, in agreement with previous results suggesting 2 sites of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with the placebo group, a significant FMD increase (>1%) was observed 8.5, 10, and 24 h after consumption of 302 mg DGCE (∼156.4 mg CGAs). The differences with placebo observed in the other 2 groups were not statistically significant. Evaluation of the relation between phenolic exposure and %FMD showed a positive tendency toward a larger effect at higher concentrations and different behavior of CGA metabolites depending on the conjugated chemical position. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an acute improvement in %FMD over time after ingestion of a DGCE, explained at least partly by the presence in the blood circulation of CGAs and their metabolites. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03520452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, Chen Y, Li F, Li D. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the benefits of flavonoids in cardiovascular health and diseases: are long non-coding RNAs rising stars? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3855-3872. [PMID: 33427492 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the first leading cause of death globally. High dietary polyphenol (especially flavonoids) intake has strongly been associated with low incidence of the primary outcome, overall mortality, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, onset of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Phytogenic flavonoids affect the physiological and pathological processes of CVDs by modulating various biochemical signaling pathways. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention as fundamental regulator of gene expression involved in CVDs. Among the different ncRNA subgroups, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as regulatory eukaryotic transcripts and therapeutic targets with important and diverse functions in health and diseases. lncRNAs may be associated with the initiation, development and progression of CVDs by modulating acute and chronic inflammation, adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, and cellular physiology. This review summarizes this research on the modulatory effects of lncRNAs and their roles in mediating cellular processes. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids underlying their therapeutic effects on CVDs are also discussed. Based on our review, flavonoids might facilitate a significant epigenetic modification as part (if not full) of their tissue-/cell-related biological effects. This finding may be attributed to their interaction with cellular signaling pathways involved in chronic diseases. Certain lncRNAs might be the target of specific flavonoids, and some critical signaling processes involved in the intervention of CVDs might mediate the therapeutic roles of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | | | - Yilun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
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Asgary S, Karimi R, Joshi T, Kilpatrick KL, Moradi S, Samimi Z, Mohammadi E, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Effect of pomegranate juice on vascular adhesion factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153359. [PMID: 33188983 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and insulin resistance demonstrate elements of functional impairment of the endothelium. Treatment of endothelial dysfunction with natural products, such as pomegranate, can open new ways in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE The present meta-analysis provides information in highlighting the role of pomegranate in endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Various databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched up to July 2020 using relevant keywords. We have selected the studies that investigated the effects of pomegranate on vascular adhesion factors, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). MD with 95% CrI with 100,000 iterations by using Markov chain Monte Carlo code were used. RESULTS Pooled effect size of articles in human studies indicated that pomegranate juice was not significantly effective on ICAM-1 [MD: -0.42; CrI: (-1.01, 0.17)], VCAM-1 [MD: -0.20; CrI: (-1.95, 1.40)], and E-selectin [MD: -0.21; CrI: (-1.62, 1.21)] compared to the control group. But it can significantly reduce IL-6 [MD: -1.07; CrI: (-1.90, -0.19)]. CONCLUSION Generally, present study showed that pomegranate juice has no significant effect on vascular adhesion factors, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, but can reduce IL-6 significantly. Future prospective randomized clinical trials with longer intervention duration are warranted to obtain a precise conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Raheleh Karimi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of Islamic republic of Iran, Food and Drug Administration, Tehran 1415845371, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran
| | - Zeinab Samimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran
| | - Elham Mohammadi
- R.R.College of Pharmacy, Bangaluru 090 560, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, United States.
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Bousquet J, Cristol JP, Czarlewski W, Anto JM, Martineau A, Haahtela T, Fonseca SC, Iaccarino G, Blain H, Fiocchi A, Canonica GW, Fonseca JA, Vidal A, Choi HJ, Kim HJ, Le Moing V, Reynes J, Sheikh A, Akdis CA, Zuberbier T. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:58. [PMID: 33292691 PMCID: PMC7711617 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany. .,University Hospital Montpellier, 273 avenue d'Occitanie, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Josep M Anto
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobAL, Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Martineau
- Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susana C Fonseca
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Hubert Blain
- Department of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital Holy See, Rome, Italy
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Clinic-Humanitas University & Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Joao A Fonseca
- CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technology and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; and Medida,, Lda Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alain Vidal
- World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Maison de la Paix, Geneva, Switzerland.,AgroParisTech-Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- SME Service Department, Strategy and Planning Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Jacques Reynes
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany
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Quantitative and Qualitative Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Edible Flowers of Black and Bristly Locust and Their Antioxidant Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121603. [PMID: 33256210 PMCID: PMC7760478 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Black and bristly locust flowers are an excellent source of polyphenols, including flavonols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. In the present literature, there is a lack of studies showing the quantity and quality of phenolic compounds from different locust flowers. There are a few studies on the status of polyphenols in black locust flowers and their products but not bristly locusts. The aims of this study were to analyze and compare the concentrations of bioactive compounds from Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia hispida flowers over two years. These two species of plants from six independent locations (parks and green areas) located in Warsaw were assessed in this study. The dry matter and polyphenol contents of the flowers were determined. Black locust flower samples contained significantly more myricetin and luteolin. Only bristly locust flowers contained anthocyanins. Five individual anthocyanins were identified in the pink-colored bristly locust flowers. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the predominant forms in the pool of total anthocyanins.
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Banks WA. A Spectrum of Topics for 2019: Advances in Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, Autism, Exosomes, and Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1-5. [PMID: 32122292 DOI: 10.2174/138161282601200225102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in various fields were discussed in the reviews and original research articles published in 2019 in Current Pharmaceutical Design. Here, I review some of the major highlights for selected areas. A better understanding of disease mechanisms was a prominent recurrent theme and new therapeutic targets based on those mechanisms are highlighted here. Inflammation and oxidative stress are major features of many diseases, therefore, interventions to address these processes are reviewed. Although repurposing of old drugs occurred in several fields, drug targeting and drug delivery, especially of nanoparticles, also continues to be a major area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Center, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108 Seattle, WA, United States
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Di Pietro N, Baldassarre MPA, Cichelli A, Pandolfi A, Formoso G, Pipino C. Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6381380. [PMID: 33133348 PMCID: PMC7593735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Vilella R, Sgarbi G, Naponelli V, Savi M, Bocchi L, Liuzzi F, Righetti R, Quaini F, Frati C, Bettuzzi S, Solaini G, Stilli D, Rizzi F, Baracca A. Effects of Standardized Green Tea Extract and Its Main Component, EGCG, on Mitochondrial Function and Contractile Performance of Healthy Rat Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102949. [PMID: 32993022 PMCID: PMC7600665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the long-term in vivo administration of green tea catechin extract (GTE) resulted in hyperdynamic cardiomyocyte contractility. The present study investigates the mechanisms underlying GTE action in comparison to its major component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), given at the equivalent amount that would be in the entirety of GTE. Twenty-six male Wistar rats were given 40 mL/day of a tap water solution with either standardized GTE or pure EGCG for 4 weeks. Cardiomyocytes were then isolated for the study. Cellular bioenergetics was found to be significantly improved in both GTE- and EGCG-fed rats compared to that in controls as shown by measuring the maximal mitochondrial respiration rate and the cellular ATP level. Notably, the improvement of mitochondrial function was associated with increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, whereas the cellular mitochondrial mass was unchanged. However, only the GTE supplement improved cardiomyocyte mechanics and intracellular calcium dynamics, by lowering the expression of total phospholamban (PLB), which led to an increase of both the phosphorylated-PLB/PLB and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase/PLB ratios. Our findings suggest that GTE might be a valuable adjuvant tool for counteracting the occurrence and/or the progression of cardiomyopathies in which mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of intracellular calcium dynamics constitute early pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Vilella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monia Savi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Riccardo Righetti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
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Yamashita Y, Nakamura A, Nanba F, Saito S, Toda T, Nakagawa J, Ashida H. Black Soybean Improves Vascular Function and Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Trial in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2755. [PMID: 32927677 PMCID: PMC7551904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress are closely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary polyphenols are reported to exert beneficial effects in reducing the risk of CVD. Black soybean has been used as a nutritionally rich food and contains abundant polyphenols in its seed coat and grain. Black soybean has many beneficial physiological activities, and its prevention effects on CVD risk were reported mainly in animal experiments. In this study, we performed a randomized, single blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effect of black soybean consumption on the vascular function in healthy humans. Twenty-two healthy adults aged from 30 to 60 completed the four week trial with daily consumption of about a 40 g test material cookie containing 20 g roasted black soybean powder. Body composition, vascular function, biomarkers for oxidative stress, and polyphenol contents in the urine and the plasma were measured. After ingestion of the black soybean cookie, vascular function, which was evaluated by plethysmogram using a Pulse Analyzer®, was improved and systolic blood pressure was decreased. Moreover, nitric oxide levels in plasma and urine were increased, while an oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level, in the plasma was decreased accompanied by an increase in the concentration of polyphenols derived from black soybean in plasma and urine. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of black soybean polyphenols and an increase in the nitric oxide level may contribute to the improvement of vascular function. Thus, black soybean is an attractive food material for improvement of vascular function through decreasing oxidative stress by its potent antioxidant activity and increasing the nitric oxide level in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (A.N.); (H.A.)
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (A.N.); (H.A.)
| | - Fumio Nanba
- Fujicco Co. Ltd., Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650–8558, Japan; (F.N.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Shizuka Saito
- Fujicco Co. Ltd., Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650–8558, Japan; (F.N.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshiya Toda
- Fujicco Co. Ltd., Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650–8558, Japan; (F.N.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Nakagawa Clinic, 3-15-4, Higashisonoda-cho, Amagasaki 661-0953, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (A.N.); (H.A.)
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Haas ICDS, Marmitt DJ, Fedrigo IMT, Goettert MI, Bordignon-Luiz MT. Evaluation of antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of non-pomace sediment of red grape juices (Vitis labrusca L.) in healthy and cancer cells after in vitro gastrointestinal simulation. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Iside C, Scafuro M, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. SIRT1 Activation by Natural Phytochemicals: An Overview. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1225. [PMID: 32848804 PMCID: PMC7426493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylases, whose enzymatic activity is dependent on NAD+ as a cofactor. Sirtuins are reported to modulate numerous activities by controlling gene expression, DNA repair, metabolism, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. Deregulation of their expression and/or action may lead to tissue-specific degenerative events involved in the development of several human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. The most studied member of this class of enzymes is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), whose expression is associated with increasing insulin sensitivity. SIRT1 has been implicated in both tumorigenic and anticancer processes, and is reported to regulate essential metabolic pathways, suggesting that its activation might be beneficial against disorders of the metabolism. Via regulation of p53 deacetylation and modulation of autophagy, SIRT1 is implicated in cellular response to caloric restriction and lifespan extension. In recent years, scientific interest focusing on the identification of SIRT1 modulators has led to the discovery of novel small molecules targeting SIRT1 activity. This review will examine compounds of natural origin recently found to upregulate SIRT1 activity, such as polyphenolic products in fruits, vegetables, and plants including resveratrol, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin. We will also discuss the potential therapeutic effects of these natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of human disorders, with particular emphasis on their metabolic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Iside
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Scafuro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Yamashita Y, Wang L, Nakamura A, Nanba F, Saito S, Toda T, Nakagawa J, Ashida H. Black soybean improves the vascular function through an increase in nitric oxide and a decrease in oxidative stress in healthy women. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108408. [PMID: 32470460 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress is closely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary polyphenols is reported to exert the beneficial effects on reducing the risk of CVD. Black soybean is rich in polyphenols, including isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols, and its prevention effects on CVD risk were reported in the animal experiments. In this study, we investigated the effect of black soybean consumption on the vascular function and oxidative stress associating with the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women. Lowered vascular age was observed in 33 out of 44 volunteers who completed the 8-week trial. It was observed that improvement of the vascular stiffness, increasing in the urinary NO2 and NO3 level, and decreasing in the oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, hexanoyl-lysine and myeloperoxidase. In addition, concentration of 12 polyphenols in black soybean increased in the plasma and urine. Increased concentration of polyphenols would be involved in the decreased oxidative stress. Thus, black soybean consumption improved the vascular function through an increase in nitric oxide and a decrease in oxidative stress accompanied by increasing the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Fumio Nanba
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Shizuka Saito
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiya Toda
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Nakagawa Clinic, 3-15-4, Higashisonoda-cho, Amagasaki, 661-0953, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Iorio EL, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Gandolfi S, Izzotti A. Molecular changes in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. Correlations with retinal ganglion cell death and novel strategies for neuroprotection. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:151-188. [PMID: 32958211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. Although significant advances in ophthalmologic knowledge and practice have been made, some glaucoma mechanisms are not yet understood, therefore, up to now there is no effective treatment able to ensure healing. Indeed, either pharmacological or surgical approaches to this disease aim in lowering intraocular pressure, which is considered the only modifiable risk factor. However, it is well known that several factors and metabolites are equally (if not more) involved in glaucoma. Oxidative stress, for instance, plays a pivotal role in both glaucoma onset and progression because it is responsible for the trabecular meshwork cell damage and, consequently, for intraocular pressure increase as well as for glaucomatous damage cascade. This review at first shows accurately the molecular-derived dysfunctions in antioxidant system and in mitochondria homeostasis which due to both oxidative stress and aging, lead to a chronic inflammation state, the trabecular meshwork damage as well as the glaucoma neurodegeneration. Therefore, the main molecular events triggered by oxidative stress up to the proapoptotic signals that promote the ganglion cell death have been highlighted. The second part of this review, instead, describes some of neuroprotective agents such as polyphenols or polyunsaturated fatty acids as possible therapeutic source against the propagation of glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Saccà
- Policlinico San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and sense organs, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Pastellidou E, Gillespie E, McGrotty A, Spence J, McCloskey W, Johnston L, Wilson J, Kemi OJ. Blackcurrant extract does not affect the speed-duration relationship during high-intensity running. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:552-561. [PMID: 32602793 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1771428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BC) has been shown to ergogenically aid high-intensity exercise. Capacity for such exercise is evaluated by the hyperbolic speed-tolerable duration (S-Dtol) relationship. Therefore, in double-blinded and cross-over randomised controlled trials, 15 males underwent treadmill running incremental exercise testing and were assessed for S-Dtol, quantified by critical speed (CS) and D' (distance), and assessments of time to exhaustion performance to empirically test the limits of the S-Dtol relationship, after daily supplementation of 300 mg/d BC (105 mg/d anthocyanin) or placebo. Supplementation with BC did not change CS (placebo 12.1 ± 1.0 km/h vs BC 11.9 ± 1.0 km/h, p > .05) or D' (placebo 918.6 ± 223.2 m vs BC 965.2 ± 231.2 m, p > .05), although further analysis indicated D' increased in 60% of subject (p = .08), indicating a trend toward cohorts potentially benefiting from BC supplementation. BC supplementation did not change time to exhaustion at or above CS, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lactate threshold (LT), submaximal running economy (CR), or substrate utilisation during exercise (all p > .05). In conclusion, we could not detect any beneficial effect of BC supplementation during high-intensity running exercise, including the determining factors S-Dtol relationship, VO2max, LT or CR. Hence, no ergogenic effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pastellidou
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric Gillespie
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anton McGrotty
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua Spence
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William McCloskey
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynsey Johnston
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Wilson
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ole J Kemi
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Yessenkyzy A, Saliev T, Zhanaliyeva M, Masoud AR, Umbayev B, Sergazy S, Krivykh E, Gulyayev A, Nurgozhin T. Polyphenols as Caloric-Restriction Mimetics and Autophagy Inducers in Aging Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1344. [PMID: 32397145 PMCID: PMC7285205 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that caloric restriction favors longevity and healthy aging where autophagy plays a vital role. However, autophagy decreases during aging and that can lead to the development of aging-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, etc. It was shown that autophagy can be induced by mechanical or chemical stress. In this regard, various pharmacological compounds were proposed, including natural polyphenols. Apart from the ability to induce autophagy, polyphenols, such as resveratrol, are capable of modulating the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, neutralizing free radical species, affecting mitochondrial functions, chelating redox-active transition metal ions, and preventing protein aggregation. Moreover, polyphenols have advantages compared to chemical inducers of autophagy due to their intrinsic natural bio-compatibility and safety. In this context, polyphenols can be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for healthy aging either as a part of a diet or as separate compounds (supplements). This review discusses the epigenetic aspect and the underlying molecular mechanism of polyphenols as an anti-aging remedy. In addition, the recent advances of studies on NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) regulation of autophagy, the role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cells senescence and their regulation by polyphenols have been highlighted as well. Apart from that, the review also revised the latest information on how polyphenols can help to improve mitochondrial function and modulate apoptosis (programmed cell death).
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylzhan Yessenkyzy
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine named after B. Atchabarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (T.N.)
| | - Timur Saliev
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine named after B. Atchabarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (T.N.)
| | - Marina Zhanaliyeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, NSC “Medical University of Astana”, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.U.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Shynggys Sergazy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.U.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Elena Krivykh
- Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Tyumen Region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug—Ugra, Khanty-Mansiysk 125438, Russia;
| | - Alexander Gulyayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.U.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Talgat Nurgozhin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine named after B. Atchabarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (T.N.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences School of Medicine University of Catania Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
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50
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Matute A, Tabart J, Cheramy-Bien JP, Pirotte B, Kevers C, Auger C, Schini-Kerth V, Dommes J, Defraigne JO, Pincemail J. Compared Phenolic Compound Contents of 22 Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Juices: Relationship to ex-vivo Vascular Reactivity and Potential in vivo Projection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020092. [PMID: 31978956 PMCID: PMC7070690 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The real impact of polyphenol-rich vegetable and fruit juice intake on cardiovascular health remains a matter of controversy. In the present study, rat aorta segments immersed in an organ bath (OB) were used to explore whether the total polyphenol content and/or individual phenolic compound contents of 22 commercial vegetable (n = 3) and fruit juices [(citrus (n = 5), berries (n = 10), apple (n = 2), pineapple (n = 2)] might be associated with vascular tone. Red juices (particularly blackcurrant) and lemon juice caused the most marked vasorelaxation, its amplitude being endothelium dependent or not according to the volume ratio of juice to initial OB solution Vjuice/VOBS). At volume ratios 5% and 10%, both the juice and OB total polyphenol for all juices and total anthocyanin contents for berry juices significantly correlated with aorta vasorelaxation intensity. This was not the case for total or individual flavonols (except kaempferol) or for total or individual flavanols (except epigallocatechin gallate). If one relates our measured concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in OB to what is known about their physiological concentrations, and given our evidenced correlations between compound concentrations and vasorelaxation intensity, kaempferol, epigallocatechin gallate and peonidin-3-O-glucoside seem to emerge as the interesting phenolic compounds likely to be responsible for the potent vasorelaxation observed with fruit juices, and more particularly blackcurrant ones. Clinical investigation is required, however, to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Matute
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Tabart
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Claire Kevers
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Cyril Auger
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (C.A.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (C.A.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Jacques Dommes
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-47-483-8071; Fax: +32-43-667-164
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