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Van Woerkom A, Harney DJ, Nagarajan SR, Hakeem-Sanni MF, Lin J, Hooke M, Pulpitel T, Cooney GJ, Larance M, Saunders DN, Brandon AE, Hoy AJ. Hepatic lipid droplet-associated proteome changes distinguish dietary-induced fatty liver from glucose tolerance in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E842-E855. [PMID: 38656127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fatty liver is characterized by the expansion of lipid droplets (LDs) and is associated with the development of many metabolic diseases. We assessed the morphology of hepatic LDs and performed quantitative proteomics in lean, glucose-tolerant mice compared with high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice that displayed hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance as well as high-starch diet (HStD) fed mice who exhibited similar levels of hepatic steatosis but remained glucose tolerant. Both HFD- and HStD-fed mice had more and larger LDs than Chow-fed animals. We observed striking differences in liver LD proteomes of HFD- and HStD-fed mice compared with Chow-fed mice, with fewer differences between HFD and HStD. Taking advantage of our diet strategy, we identified a fatty liver LD proteome consisting of proteins common in HFD- and HStD-fed mice, as well as a proteome associated with glucose tolerance that included proteins shared in Chow and HStD but not HFD-fed mice. Notably, glucose intolerance was associated with changes in the ratio of adipose triglyceride lipase to perilipin 5 in the LD proteome, suggesting dysregulation of neutral lipid homeostasis in glucose-intolerant fatty liver. We conclude that our novel dietary approach uncouples ectopic lipid burden from insulin resistance-associated changes in the hepatic lipid droplet proteome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identified a fatty liver lipid droplet proteome and one associated with glucose tolerance. Notably, glucose intolerance was linked with changes in the ratio of adipose triglyceride lipase to perilipin 5 that is indicative of dysregulation of neutral lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Van Woerkom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan J Harney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariam F Hakeem-Sanni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Hooke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Singh P, Reza MI, Syed AA, Husain A, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin deteriorates hepatic lipid metabolism via elevating fetuin B in ovariectomized rats. Biochimie 2023; 214:114-122. [PMID: 37364770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is an important mstetabolic complication in women encountering postmenopausal phase of life. Pancreastatin (PST), has previously been investigated in diabetic and insulin resistant rodents. The present study highlighted the role of PST in ovariectomized rats. Female SD rats were ovariectomized and subsequently fed high fructose diet for 12 weeks. PST inhibitor peptide was intraperitoneally administered for 14 days and further examined for insulin resistance, glucose intolerance development, body mass composition, lipid profile detection and hepatic fibrosis. Gut microbial alterations has also been investigated. Results showed development of glucose intolerance in high fructose fed ovariectomized rats with reduced level of reproductive hormones including estradiol and progesterone. Enhanced lipid production was detected in these rats as they showed increased triglycerides, lipid accumulation in liver tissue (determined by HE staining, Oil Red O staining, Nile Red staining). Sirius Red and Masson's trichome analysis depicted positive results for fibrosis development. We also found gut microbiota alterations in fecal samples of these rats. Furthermore, PST inhibition decreased the expression of hepatic Fetuin B and resumed gut microbial diversity. PST deregulates hepatic lipid metabolism which leads to altered expression of Fetuin B in liver and gut dysbiosis in postmenopausal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Markussen LK, Mandrup S. Adipocyte gene expression in obesity - insights gained and challenges ahead. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102060. [PMID: 37331148 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes possess extraordinary plasticity with an unparalleled capacity to expand in size with nutritional overload. Several lines of evidence indicate that limitations to this plasticity, as found in both lipodystrophy and obesity, drive several of the comorbidities of these disease, thereby underscoring the need to understand the mechanisms of healthy and unhealthy adipose expansion. Recent single-cell technologies and studies of isolated adipocytes have allowed researchers to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte plasticity. Here, we review current insight into the effect of nutritional overload on white adipocyte gene expression and function. We review the role of adipocyte size and heterogeneity and discuss the challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse K Markussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN), Odense, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), Odense, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@ATLAS_SDU
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN), Odense, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), Odense, Denmark.
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Yu F, Teng Y, Li J, Yang S, Zhang Z, He Y, Yang H, Ding CF, Zhou P. Effects of a Ganoderma lucidum Proteoglycan on Type 2 Diabetic Rats and the Recovery of Rat Pancreatic Islets. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17304-17316. [PMID: 37214729 PMCID: PMC10193549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from both insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. A natural proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, namely, FYGL, has been demonstrated to be capable of ameliorating insulin resistance in previous work. In this work, a T2D rat model induced by streptozocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet was used to investigate the effects of FYGL on pancreatic functions, and the transcriptomics of the rat pancreas was used to investigate the biological processes (BP) and signal pathways influenced by FYGL on the gene basis. Furthermore, the results of transcriptomics were verified both by histopathological analyses and protein expression. The studies showed that FYGL positively regulated T2D-related BP and signaling pathways and recovered the pancreatic function, therefore ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in vivo. Importantly, the recovery of the pancreatic function suggested a crucial strategy to radically treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhen Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yilong Teng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular
Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Nakandakari SCBR, Gaspar RC, Kuga GK, Ramos CDO, Vieira RF, Rios TDS, Muñoz VR, Sant'ana MR, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DE. Short-term flaxseed oil, rich in omega 3, protects mice against metabolic damage caused by high-fat diet, but not inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109270. [PMID: 36706930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is known that long-term high-fat diet (HF) feeding drastically affects the adipose tissue, contributing to metabolic disorders. Recently, short-term HF consumption was shown to affect different neuronal signaling pathways. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory effects of a short-term HF and whether a diet containing omega-3 fatty acid fats from flaxseed oil (FS) has protective effects. Mice were divided into three groups for 3 d, according to their diets: Control group (CT), HF, or FS for 3 d. Lipid profiles were assessed through mass spectrometry and inflammatory markers by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. After short-term HF, mice increased food intake, body weight, adiposity, and fasting glucose. Increased mRNA content of Ccl2 and Tnf was demonstrated in the HF compared to CT in mesenteric adipose tissue. In the liver, TNFα protein was higher in the HF group than in CT, followed by a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids tissue incorporation in HF. On the other hand, the consumption of FS reduced food intake and fasting glucose, as well as increased omega-3 fatty acid incorporation in MAT and the liver. However, short-term FS was insufficient to control the early inflammation triggered by HF in MAT and the liver. These data demonstrated that a 3-d HF diet is enough to damage glucose homeostasis and trigger inflammation. In contrast, short-term FS protects against increased food intake and fasting glucose but not inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Keine Kuga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Vieira
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaiane da Silva Rios
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sain J, Scanarotti IG, Gerstner CD, Fariña AC, Lavandera JV, Bernal CA. Enriched functional milk fat ameliorates glucose intolerance and triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle of rats fed high-fat diets. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1535-1550. [PMID: 36708376 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effect of a functional milk fat (FMF) on the glucose metabolism and its association with the intramuscular triacylglycerol (TAG) content in rats fed high-fat diets. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed for 60 days with S7 (soybean oil 7%), S30 (soybean oil 30%), MF30 (soybean oil 3% + milk fat 27%), or FMF30 (soybean oil 3% + FMF 27%) diets. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of key metabolites in gastrocnemius muscle and mRNA levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and serum were assessed. RESULTS The S30 diet induced glucose intolerance and led to TAG, citrate, and glucose accumulation in muscle. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp3) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (Irs1) genes, lower carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT-1b), and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) activities in muscle and lower expression of adiponectin (Adipoq) in EWAT. The FMF30 diet ameliorated the glucose intolerance and normalized the glucose and TAG levels in muscle, preventing the accumulation of citrate and enhancing glucose utilization by the PFK1. The beneficial effects might also be related to the higher expression of Adipoq in EWAT, its receptor in muscle (Adipor1), and the expression of Ucp2, Ucp3, and Irs1 in muscle, restoring the alterations observed with the S30 diet. CONCLUSIONS FMF30 modulated key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, improving the glucose utilization and preventing TAG, glucose, and citrate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sain
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gabriel Scanarotti
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Daniela Gerstner
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Fariña
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrián Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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7
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Lee JH, Woo KJ, Hong J, Han KI, Kim HS, Kim TJ. Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Inhibit FL83B Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and High Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Damage in Rats by Activating Lipolysis through the Regulation the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054486. [PMID: 36901915 PMCID: PMC10002555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous consumption of high-calorie meals causes lipid accumulation in the liver and liver damage, leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A case study of the hepatic lipid accumulation model is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in the liver. In this study, the prevention mechanism of lipid accumulation in the liver of Enterococcus faecalis 2001 (EF-2001) was extended using FL83B cells (FL83Bs) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis. EF-2001 treatment inhibited the oleic acid (OA) lipid accumulation in FL83B liver cells. Furthermore, we performed lipid reduction analysis to confirm the underlying mechanism of lipolysis. The results showed that EF-2001 downregulated proteins and upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and AMPK signaling pathways, respectively. The effect of EF-2001 on OA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in FL83Bs enhanced the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and reduced the levels of lipid accumulation proteins SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. EF-2001 treatment increased the levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and monoacylglycerol during lipase enzyme activation, which, when increased, contributed to increased liver lipolysis. In conclusion, EF-2001 inhibits OA-induced FL83B hepatic lipid accumulation and HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in rats through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Jung Woo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonpyo Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Research & Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Research & Development Center, Doctor TJ Co., Ltd., Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-760-224
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Bresciani N, Demagny H, Lemos V, Pontanari F, Li X, Sun Y, Li H, Perino A, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. The Slc25a47 locus is a novel determinant of hepatic mitochondrial function implicated in liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1071-1082. [PMID: 35714811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transporters of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier superfamily bridge cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism by channeling metabolites across mitochondrial membranes and are pivotal for metabolic homeostasis. Despite their physiological relevance as gatekeepers of cellular metabolism, most of the SLC25 family members remain uncharacterized. We undertook a comprehensive tissue distribution analysis of all Slc25 family members across metabolic organs and identified SLC25A47 as a liver-specific mitochondrial carrier. METHODS We used a murine loss-of-function model to unravel the role of this transporter in mitochondrial and hepatic homeostasis. We performed extensive metabolic phenotyping and molecular characterization of newly generated Slc25a47hep-/- and Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mice. RESULTS Slc25a47hep-/- mice displayed a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities, as a result of sustained energy deficiency in the liver originating from impaired mitochondrial respiration. This mitochondrial phenotype was associated with an activation of the mitochondrial stress response (MSR) in the liver, and the development of fibrosis, which was exacerbated upon feeding a high-fat high-sucrose diet. The MSR induced the secretion of several mitokines, amongst which FGF21 played a preponderant role on systemic physiology. To dissect the FGF21-dependent and -independent physiological changes induced in Slc25a47hep-/- mice, we generated a double Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mouse model and demonstrated that several aspects of the hypermetabolic state were driven by hepatic secretion of FGF21. On the other hand, the metabolic fuel inflexibility observed in Slc25a47hep-/- mice could not be rescued with the genetic removal of Fgf21. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data place the Slc25a47 locus at the center of mitochondrial homeostasis, which upon dysfunction triggers robust liver-specific and systemic adaptive stress responses. The prominent role of the Slc25a47 locus in hepatic fibrosis identifies this carrier, or its transported metabolite, as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. LAY SUMMARY Herein, we report the importance of a locus containing a liver-specific gene coding for a mitochondrial transport protein called SLC25A47. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells. They are crucial for metabolism and energy generation. We show that mice with genetic disruption of the Slc25a47 locus cannot maintain mitochondrial homeostasis (balance), leading to wide-ranging problems in the liver that have far-reaching physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bresciani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Pontanari
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Tian L, Syed-Abdul MM, Stahel P, Lewis GF. Enteral glucose, absorbed and metabolized, potently enhances mesenteric lymph flow in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G331-G340. [PMID: 35916412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A portion of absorbed dietary triglycerides (TG) is retained in the intestine after the postprandial period, within intracellular and extracellular compartments. This pool of TG can be mobilized in response to several stimuli, including oral glucose. The objective of this study was to determine whether oral glucose must be absorbed and metabolized to mobilize TG in rats and whether high-fat feeding, a model of insulin resistance, alters the lipid mobilization response to glucose. Lymph flow, TG concentration, TG output, and apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) concentration and output were assessed after an intraduodenal lipid bolus in rats exposed to the following intraduodenal administrations 5 h later: saline (placebo), glucose, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, absorbed but not metabolized), or glucose + phlorizin (intestinal glucose absorption inhibitor). Glucose alone, but not 2-DG or glucose + phlorizin treatments, stimulated lymph flow, TG output, and apoB48 output compared with placebo. The effects of glucose in high-fat-fed rats were similar to those in chow-fed rats. In conclusion, glucose must be both absorbed and metabolized to enhance lymph flow and intestinal lipid mobilization. This effect is qualitatively and quantitatively similar in high-fat- and chow-fed rats. The precise signaling mechanism whereby enteral glucose enhances lymph flow and mobilizes enteral lipid remains to be determined.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose potently enhances mesenteric lymph flow in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. The magnitude of glucose effect on lymph flow is no different in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. Glucose must be absorbed and metabolized to enhance lymph flow and mobilize intestinal lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priska Stahel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rahman MM, Dhar PS, Sumaia, Anika F, Ahmed L, Islam MR, Sultana NA, Cavalu S, Pop O, Rauf A. Exploring the plant-derived bioactive substances as antidiabetic agent: An extensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113217. [PMID: 35679719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome. Diabetes has become more common in recent years. Chemically generated drugs are used to lessen the effects of DM and its following repercussions due to unpleasant side effects such as weight gain, gastrointestinal issues, and heart failure. On the other hand, medicinal plants could be a good source of anti-diabetic medications. This article aims to determine any plant matrix's positive potential. Food restriction, physical activity, and the use of antidiabetic plant-derived chemicals are all being promoted as effective ways to manage diabetes because they are less expensive and have fewer or no side effects. This review focuses on antidiabetic plants, along with their bioactive constituent, chemically characterization, and plant-based diets for diabetes management. There is minimal scientific data about the mechanism of action of the plant-based product has been found. The purpose of this article is to highlight anti-diabetic plants and plant-derived bioactive compounds that have anti-diabetic properties. It also provides researchers with data that may be used to build future strategies, such as identifying promising bioactive molecules to make diabetes management easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fazilatunnesa Anika
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nazneen Ahmeda Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Pop
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan.
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11
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Li R, Li Y, Yang X, Hu Y, Yu H, Li Y. Reducing VEGFB accelerates NAFLD and insulin resistance in mice via inhibiting AMPK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:341. [PMID: 35907871 PMCID: PMC9338666 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) was regarded to improve lipid metabolism and reduce obesity-related hyperlipidemia. Whether VEGFB participates in lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been clear yet. This study investigated the involvement of VEGFB in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance via the AMPK signaling pathway in NAFLD. Methods We constructed the animal and cell model of NAFLD after VEGFB gene knockout to detect liver damage and metabolism in NAFLD. Bioinformatics analysis of VEGFB and the AMPK signaling pathway relative genes to verify the differential proteins. And mRNA levels of NAFLD fatty acid metabolism-related genes were detected. Results After the systemic VEGFB knockout mice were fed with high fat, the body fat, serum lipoprotein, NAFLD score, and insulin resistance were increased. Animal and cell experiments showed that the expression levels of phosphorylated proteins of CaMKK2 and AMPK decreased, the expression of proteins related to AMPK/ACC/CPT1 signaling pathway decreased, and the target genes CPT1α and Lcad decreased accordingly, reducing fatty acid oxidation in hepatocyte mitochondria; The expression of AMPK/SREBP1/Scd1 signaling pathway relative proteins increased, ACC1 and FAS increased correspondingly, which increased lipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion VEGFB can participate in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance of NAFLD through the AMPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03540-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yaorui Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Stomatology Department, Stomatological College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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12
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Fasciolo G, Napolitano G, Aprile M, Cataldi S, Costa V, Ciccodicola A, Di Meo S, Venditti P. Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Hyperthyroid Rat Liver: Vitamin E Supplementation Highlights a Possible Role of ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071295. [PMID: 35883786 PMCID: PMC9311543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are normally involved in glycaemic control, but their excess can lead to altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). Since hyperthyroidism-linked increase in ROS results in tissue oxidative stress that is considered a hallmark of conditions leading to IR, it is conceivable a role of ROS in the onset of IR in hyperthyroidism. To verify this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of vitamin E on thyroid hormone-induced oxidative damage, insulin resistance, and on gene expression of key molecules involved in IR in the rat liver. The factors involved in oxidative damage, namely the total content of ROS, the mitochondrial production of ROS, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the in vitro susceptibility to oxidative stress, have been correlated to insulin resistance indices, such as insulin activation of hepatic Akt and plasma level of glucose, insulin and HOMA index. Our results indicate that increased levels of oxidative damage ROS content and production and susceptibility to oxidative damage, parallel increased fasting plasma level of glucose and insulin, reduced activation of Akt and increased activation of JNK. This last result suggests a role for JNK in the insulin resistance induced by hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the variation of the genes Pparg, Ppara, Cd36 and Slc2a2 could explain, at least in part, the observed metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fasciolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2535080
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13
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Li Z, Gurung M, Rodrigues RR, Padiadpu J, Newman NK, Manes NP, Pederson JW, Greer RL, Vasquez-Perez S, You H, Hioki KA, Moulton Z, Fel A, De Nardo D, Dzutsev AK, Nita-Lazar A, Trinchieri G, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A. Microbiota and adipocyte mitochondrial damage in type 2 diabetes are linked by Mmp12+ macrophages. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213260. [PMID: 35657352 PMCID: PMC9170383 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota contribute to the induction of type 2 diabetes by high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet, but which organs/pathways are impacted by microbiota remain unknown. Using multiorgan network and transkingdom analyses, we found that microbiota-dependent impairment of OXPHOS/mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a primary role in regulating systemic glucose metabolism. The follow-up analysis established that Mmp12+ macrophages link microbiota-dependent inflammation and OXPHOS damage in WAT. Moreover, the molecular signature of Mmp12+ macrophages in WAT was associated with insulin resistance in obese patients. Next, we tested the functional effects of MMP12 and found that Mmp12 genetic deficiency or MMP12 inhibition improved glucose metabolism in conventional, but not in germ-free mice. MMP12 treatment induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. TLR2-ligands present in Oscillibacter valericigenes bacteria, which are expanded by HFHS, induce Mmp12 in WAT macrophages in a MYD88-ATF3-dependent manner. Thus, HFHS induces Mmp12+ macrophages and MMP12, representing a microbiota-dependent bridge between inflammation and mitochondrial damage in WAT and causing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,Shanghai Mengniu Biotechnology R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Richard R. Rodrigues
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - Nathan P. Manes
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jacob W. Pederson
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Renee L. Greer
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - Hyekyoung You
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kaito A. Hioki
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Zoe Moulton
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Anna Fel
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Amiran K. Dzutsev
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Giorgio Trinchieri:
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,Correspondence to Natalia Shulzhenko:
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,Andrey Morgun:
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14
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Bungau SG, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Abid A, Szilagyi DV, Radu AF, Bungau AF, Tarce AG, Behl T, Stoicescu M, Brisc CM, Gitea D, Nechifor AC, Endres L. Non-conventional therapeutical approaches to acne vulgaris related to its association with metabolic disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174936. [PMID: 35378101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still a major challenge of the public health care system, worldwide. In recent years, researchers have been drawn to the uncommon (at first look) link between skin illnesses and MetS. Because of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms and insulin resistance (IR) that are upregulated in metabolic syndrome, many skin disorders are correlated to metabolic dysfunctions, including acne vulgaris. A comprehensive understanding of the link between MetS and acne vulgaris may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies. The current review focuses on dietary and therapeutic interventions and assesses the effect of various approaches such as improving diet by avoiding certain food products (i.e., milk and chocolate) or increasing the intake of others (i.e., food products rich in omega-3 fatty acids), metformin administration, therapy with plant extracts, plant essential oils, and probiotic supplementation on the improvement of certain acne vulgaris severity parameters. These therapeutic approaches, when combined with allopathic treatment, can improve the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Areha Abid
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Denisa-Viola Szilagyi
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mihaela Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Daniela Gitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
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15
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A pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya alleviates metabolic alterations in a hypercaloric diet obesity model in Swiss mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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High Fructose and High Fat Diet Impair Different Types of Memory through Oxidative Stress in a Sex- and Hormone-Dependent Manner. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040341. [PMID: 35448528 PMCID: PMC9024673 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the spread of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluation of sex- and hormone-dependent changes in body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, oxidative stress markers, and alterations in different types of memory in Sprague–Dawley rats fed with a high fat and high fructose (HFHF) diet were evaluated. After 12 weeks of feeding the male and female rats with HFHF, body weight gain, increase in blood pressure, and generation of dyslipidemia compared to the animals fed with chow diet were observed. Regarding memory, it was noted that gonadectomy reverted the effects of HFHF in the 24 h novel object recognition task and in spatial learning/memory analyzed through Morris water maze, males being more affected than females. Nevertheless, gonadectomy did not revert long-term memory impairment in the passive avoidance task induced by HFHF nor in male or female rats. On the other hand, sex-hormone–diet interaction was observed in the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. These results suggest that the changes observed in the memory and learning of MetS animals are sex- and hormone-dependent and correlate to an increase in oxidative stress.
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17
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Liao W, Xu N, Zhang H, Liao W, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Xie W, Zhang Y. Persistent high glucose induced EPB41L4A-AS1 inhibits glucose uptake via GCN5 mediating crotonylation and acetylation of histones and non-histones. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e699. [PMID: 35184403 PMCID: PMC8858623 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hyperglycemia decreases the sensitivity of insulin-sensitive organs to insulin, owing to which cells fail to take up and utilize glucose, which exacerbates the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). lncRNAs' abnormal expression is reported to be associated with the progression of diabetes and plays a significant role in glucose metabolism. Herein, we study the detailed mechanism underlying the functions of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1in T2DM. METHODS Data from GEO datasets were used to analyze the expression of EPB41L4A-AS1 between insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy people. Gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Glucose uptake was measured by Glucose Uptake Fluorometric Assay Kit. Glucose tolerance of mice was detected by Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The interaction between EPB41L4A-AS1 and GCN5 was explored by RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and RNA-FISH combined immunofluorescence. Oxygen consumption rate was tested by Seahorse XF Mito Stress Test. RESULTS EPB41L4A-AS1 was abnormally increased in the liver of patients with T2DM and upregulated in the muscle cells of patients with insulin resistance and in T2DM cell models. The upregulation was associated with increased TP53 expression and reduced glucose uptake. Mechanistically, through interaction with GCN5, EPB41L4A-AS1 regulated histone H3K27 crotonylation in the GLUT4 promoter region and nonhistone PGC1β acetylation, which inhibited GLUT4 transcription and suppressed glucose uptake by muscle cells. In contrast, EPB41L4A-AS1 binding to GCN5 enhanced H3K27 and H3K14 acetylation in the TXNIP promoter region, which activated transcription by promoting the recruitment of the transcriptional activator MLXIP. This enhanced GLUT4/2 endocytosis and further suppressed glucose uptake. CONCLUSION Our study first showed that the EPB41L4A-AS1/GCN5 complex repressed glucose uptake via targeting GLUT4/2 and TXNIP by regulating histone and nonhistone acetylation or crotonylation. Since a weaker glucose uptake ability is one of the major clinical features of T2DM, the inhibition of EPB41L4A-AS1 expression seems to be a potentially effective strategy for drug development in T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Weifang Liao
- College of life science and technologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanP. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Songmao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
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Liu XX, Zhang LZ, Zhang HH, Lai LF, Wang YQ, Sun J, Xu NG, Li ZX. Low-frequency electroacupuncture improves disordered hepatic energy metabolism in insulin-resistant Zucker diabetic fatty rats via the AMPK/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:360-368. [PMID: 35034504 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Disordered hepatic energy metabolism is found in obese rats with insulin resistance (IR). There are insufficient experimental studies of electroacupuncture (EA) for IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to probe the effect of EA on disordered hepatic energy metabolism and the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70-kDa (p70S6K) signaling pathway. METHODS Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were randomly divided into three groups: EA group receiving EA treatment; Pi group receiving pioglitazone gavage; and ZF group remaining untreated (n = 8 per group). Inbred non-insulin-resistant Zucker lean rats formed an (untreated) healthy control group (ZL, n = 8). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), C-peptide, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to investigate the liver morphologically. The mitochondrial structure of hepatocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting was adopted to determine protein expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), mTOR, mTORC1, AMPK, tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) and p70S6K, and their phosphorylation. RT-PCR was used to quantify IRS-1, mTOR, mTORC1, AMPK and p70S6K mRNA levels. RESULTS Compared with the ZF group, FPG, FINS, C-peptide, CRP and HOMA-IR levels were significantly reduced in the EA group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Evaluation of histopathology showed improvement in liver appearances following EA. Phosphorylation levels of AMPK, mTOR and TSC2 decreased, and IRS-1 and p70S6K increased, in hepatocytes of the ZF group, while these negative effects appeared to be alleviated by EA. CONCLUSIONS EA can effectively ameliorate IR and regulate energy metabolism in the ZDF rat model. AMPK/mTORC1/p70S6K and related molecules may represent a potential mechanism of action underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan-Feng Lai
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Traditional Therapy Department of Fangchun, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Li
- Department of Soft Tissue Traumatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Revisiting the contribution of mitochondrial biology to the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Biochem J 2021; 478:3809-3826. [PMID: 34751699 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifaceted, the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling in this tissue directly contribute to hyperglycemia. Despite the lack of clarity regarding the specific mechanisms whereby insulin signaling is impaired, the key role of a high lipid environment within skeletal muscle has been recognized for decades. Many of the proposed mechanisms leading to the attenuation of insulin signaling - namely the accumulation of reactive lipids and the pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appear to rely on this high lipid environment. Mitochondrial biology is a central component to these processes, as these organelles are almost exclusively responsible for the oxidation and metabolism of lipids within skeletal muscle and are a primary source of ROS production. Classic studies have suggested that reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and/or function contribute to lipid-induced insulin resistance; however, in recent years the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance has been gradually re-evaluated to consider the biological effects of alterations in mitochondrial content. In this respect, while reductions in mitochondrial content are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, mechanisms that increase mitochondrial content are thought to enhance mitochondrial substrate sensitivity and submaximal adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kinetics. Thus, this review will describe the central role of a high lipid environment in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and present both classic and contemporary views of how mitochondrial biology contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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20
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Scherer T, Sakamoto K, Buettner C. Brain insulin signalling in metabolic homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:468-483. [PMID: 34108679 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in rodents, non-human primates and humans over more than five decades using intracerebroventricular, direct hypothalamic or intranasal application of insulin provide evidence that brain insulin action might reduce food intake and, more importantly, regulates energy homeostasis by orchestrating nutrient partitioning. This Review discusses the metabolic pathways that are under the control of brain insulin action and explains how brain insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disease in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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21
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are present in most tissues with developmental, self-renewal, or functional attributes that do not easily fit into a textbook picture of a plastic and multifunctional macrophage originating from hematopoietic stem cells; nor does it fit a pro- versus anti-inflammatory paradigm. This review presents and discusses current knowledge on the developmental biology of macrophages from an evolutionary perspective focused on the function of macrophages, which may aid in study of developmental, inflammatory, tumoral, and degenerative diseases. We also propose a framework to investigate the functions of macrophages in vivo and discuss how inherited germline and somatic mutations may contribute to the roles of macrophages in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Maria Pokrovskii
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rocio Vicario
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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23
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Wang L, Guo Y, Pan M, Li X, Huang D, Liu Y, Wu C, Zhang W, Mai K. Functions of Forkhead Box O on Glucose Metabolism in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai and Its Responses to High Levels of Dietary Lipid. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020297. [PMID: 33672704 PMCID: PMC7924355 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box O (FoxO) subfamily is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family. It has regulation functions in glucose metabolism in mammals and fish. In the present study, a gene of the foxo homolog in abalone Haliotis discus hannai was cloned. A conservative forkhead (FH) domain and a transactivation (FoxO-TAD) domain were identified. Abalone foxo-specific siRNA (small interfering RNA) was injected to investigate the functions of foxo on glucose metabolism. Knockdown of foxo inhibited expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and significantly increased expressions of hexokinase (hk) and pyruvate kinase (pk), but it failed to inhibit the relative mRNA level of glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase). Then, a 100-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the response of foxo and glucose metabolism in abalone fed with 1.57% (LFD, low-fat diet), 3.82% (MFD, middle-fat diet) and 6.72% (HFD, high-fat diet) of dietary lipid, respectively. The insulin-signaling pathway (AKT) was depressed and FoxO was activated by the HFD, but it did not inhibit glycolysis (hk) or improved gluconeogenesis significantly (pepck and g6pase). At the same time, impaired hepatopancreas glycogen storage raised hemolymph glucose levels. In conclusion, abalone foxo can be regulated by dietary lipid and can regulate gluconeogenesis or glycolysis in response to changes of dietary lipid levels, in which glycogen metabolism plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Yanlin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Xinxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Chenglong Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-2145 (W.Z.)
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-2145 (W.Z.)
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (Y.G.); (M.P.); (X.L.); (D.H.); (Y.L.); (K.M.)
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24
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Kang SG, Choi MJ, Jung SB, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim JT, Kang YE, Lee JH, Hong HJ, Jun SM, Ro HJ, Suh JM, Kim H, Auwerx J, Yi HS, Shong M. Differential roles of GDF15 and FGF21 in systemic metabolic adaptation to the mitochondrial integrated stress response. iScience 2021; 24:102181. [PMID: 33718833 PMCID: PMC7920832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of mitochondrial proteostasis provokes cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous responses that contribute to homeostatic adaptation. Here, we demonstrate distinct metabolic effects of hepatic metabokines as cell non-autonomous factors in mice with mitochondrial OxPhos dysfunction. Liver-specific mitochondrial stress induced by a loss-of-function mutation in Crif1 (LKO) leads to aberrant oxidative phosphorylation and promotes the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. LKO mice are highly insulin sensitive and resistant to diet-induced obesity. The hepatocytes of LKO mice secrete large quantities of metabokines, including GDF15 and FGF21, which confer metabolic benefits. We evaluated the metabolic phenotypes of LKO mice with global deficiency of GDF15 or FGF21 and show that GDF15 regulates body and fat mass and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis, whereas FGF21 upregulates insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue. This study reveals that the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt) in liver mediates metabolic adaptation through hepatic metabokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Jun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Ro
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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25
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Li G, Peng H, Qian S, Zou X, Du Y, Wang Z, Zou L, Feng Z, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Liang H, Li B. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restored High-Fat-Fed Induced Hyperinsulinemia in Rats at Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720904628. [PMID: 32228047 PMCID: PMC7502689 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720904628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have proposed the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) in the treatment of typical type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to
find a new strategy with MSC therapy at an early stage of T2DM to efficiently
prevent the progressive deterioration of organic dysfunction. Using the
high-fat-fed hyperinsulinemia rat model, we found that before the onset of
typical T2DM, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) significantly attenuated rising
insulin with decline in glucose as well as restored lipometabolic disorder and
liver dysfunction. BM-MSCs also favored the histological structure recovery and
proliferative capacity of pancreatic islet cells. More importantly, BM-MSC
administration successfully reversed the abnormal expression of insulin
resistance-related proteins including GLUT4, phosphorylated insulin receptor
substrate 1, and protein kinase Akt and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα
in liver. These findings suggested that MSCs transplantation during
hyperinsulinemia could prevent most potential risks of T2DM for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchi Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shen Qian
- School of Foreign Studies of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zou
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Du
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Zibo Feng
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Youpeng Zhu
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Huamin Liang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Chronic Wound and Diabetic Foot Clinical Research Center, Wuhan, China
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26
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The nuclear and cytoplasmic roles of miR-320 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22019-22045. [PMID: 33186123 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide. Multiple metabolic disorders, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and obesity, have been reportedly associated with NAFLD, but little is known about the detailed mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we explored the effects of multiple metabolic disorders, especially hyperglycemia on lipid accumulation in liver using several well-established animal models. We found that liver lipid deposition was increased in both type 1 diabetes and high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia models, suggesting that either hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia alone or together was able to trigger NAFLD. Moreover, we tested whether miR-320, a miRNA promoting lipid accumulation in heart revealed by our previous study, also participated in NAFLD. Though miR-320 treatment further increased liver lipid deposition in type 1 diabetes and HFD-feeding mice, it showed no effect in leptin-receptor deficient db/db mice. Interestingly, miR-320 affected different target genes in cytosol and nucleus, respectively, which collectively led to liver lipid overload. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrated the complex roles of miRNAs in subcellular fractions including nucleus and cytoplasm, which may lead to new insights into the mechanisms and treatment strategies for NAFLD in the future.
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27
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Gassaway BM, Cardone RL, Padyana AK, Petersen MC, Judd ET, Hayes S, Tong S, Barber KW, Apostolidi M, Abulizi A, Sheetz JB, Kshitiz, Aerni HR, Gross S, Kung C, Samuel VT, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG, Rinehart J. Distinct Hepatic PKA and CDK Signaling Pathways Control Activity-Independent Pyruvate Kinase Phosphorylation and Hepatic Glucose Production. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3394-3404.e9. [PMID: 31825824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase is an important enzyme in glycolysis and a key metabolic control point. We recently observed a pyruvate kinase liver isoform (PKL) phosphorylation site at S113 that correlates with insulin resistance in rats on a 3 day high-fat diet (HFD) and suggests additional control points for PKL activity. However, in contrast to the classical model of PKL regulation, neither authentically phosphorylated PKL at S12 nor S113 alone is sufficient to alter enzyme kinetics or structure. Instead, we show that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the HFD and responsible for PKL phosphorylation at position S113 in addition to other targets. These CDKs control PKL nuclear retention, alter cytosolic PKL activity, and ultimately influence glucose production. These results change our view of PKL regulation and highlight a previously unrecognized pathway of hepatic CDK activity and metabolic control points that may be important in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Gassaway
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Max C Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karl W Barber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Apostolidi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joshua B Sheetz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hans R Aerni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesse Rinehart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Włodarski A, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186902. [PMID: 32962281 PMCID: PMC7555602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
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Béland-Millar A, Takimoto M, Hamada T, Messier C. Brain and muscle adaptation to high-fat diets and exercise: Metabolic transporters, enzymes and substrates in the rat cortex and muscle. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147126. [PMID: 32946799 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence suggesting that the effects of diet and physical activity on physical and mental well-being are the result of altered metabolic profiles. Though the central and peripheral systems work in tandem, the interactions between peripheral and central changes that lead to these altered states of well-being remains elusive. We measured changes in the metabolic profile of brain (cortex) and muscle (soleus and plantaris) tissue in rats following 5-weeks of treadmill exercise and/or a high-fat diet to evaluate peripheral and central interactions as well as identify any common adaptive mechanisms. To characterize changes in metabolic profiles, we measured relative changes in key metabolic enzymes (COX IV, hexokinase, LDHB, PFK), substrates (BHB, FFA, glucose, lactate, insulin, glycogen, BDNF) and transporters (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, GLUT1, GLUT3). In the cortex, there was an increase in MCT1 and a decrease in glycogen following the high-fat diet, suggesting an increased reliance on monocarboxylates. Muscle changes were dependent muscle type. Within the plantaris, a high-fat diet increased the oxidative capacity of the muscle likely supported by increased glycolysis, whereas exercise increased the oxidative capacity of the muscle likely supported via increased glycogen synthesis. There was no effect of diet on soleus measurements, but exercise increased its oxidative capacity likely fueled by endogenous and exogenous monocarboxylates. For both the plantaris and soleus, combining exercise training and high-fat diet mediated results, resulting in a middling effect. Together, these results indicate the variable adaptions of two main metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The results also suggest a dynamic relationship between the brain and body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Béland-Millar
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Masaki Takimoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Hamada
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Claude Messier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Saadeldeen FS, Niu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Meng L, Chen S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN, Liu Z, Kang W. Natural products: Regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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St-Amand R, Ngo Sock ÉT, Quinn S, Lavoie JM, St-Pierre DH. Two weeks of western diet disrupts liver molecular markers of cholesterol metabolism in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:192. [PMID: 32825820 PMCID: PMC7442981 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that in the liver, excessive fat accumulation impairs cholesterol metabolism mainly by altering the low-density lipoprotein-receptor (LDL-R) pathway. Method Young male Wistar rats were fed standard (SD), high fat (HFD; 60% kcal) or Western (WD; 40% fat + 35% sucrose (17.5% fructose)) diets for 2 or 6 weeks. Results Weight gain (~ 40 g) was observed only following 6 weeks of the obesogenic diets (P < 0.01). Compared to the 2-week treatment, obesogenic diets tripled fat pad weight (~ 20 vs 7 g) after 6 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels were greater in response to both the WD and HFD compared to the SD (P < 0.01) at 2 and 6 weeks and their concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in WD than HFD at 2 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels were higher (P < 0.05) in animals submitted to WD. After 2 and 6 weeks, liver expression of LDL-R, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSKk9) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), involved in LDL-cholesterol uptake, was lower in animals submitted to WD than in others treated with HFD or SD (P < 0.01). Similarly, low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) mRNA levels were lower (P < 0.01) among WD compared to SD-fed rats. Expression of the gene coding the main regulator of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCoAR) was reduced in response to WD compared to SD and HFD at 2 (P < 0.001) and 6 (P < 0.05) weeks. Being enriched in fructose, the WD strongly promoted the expression of carbohydrate-response element binding protein (ChREBP) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), two key regulators of de novo lipogenesis. Conclusion These results show that the WD promptly increased TG levels in the liver by potentiating fat storage. This impaired the pathway of hepatic cholesterol uptake via the LDL-R axis, promoting a rapid increase in plasma total cholesterol levels. These results indicate that liver fat content is a factor involved in the regulation of plasma cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane St-Amand
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Émilienne T Ngo Sock
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Samantha Quinn
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141, Avenue Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lavoie
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141, Avenue Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Krycer JR, Quek LE, Francis D, Zadoorian A, Weiss FC, Cooke KC, Nelson ME, Diaz-Vegas A, Humphrey SJ, Scalzo R, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Huynh K, Giles C, Varney B, Nagarajan SR, Hoy AJ, Soga T, Meikle PJ, Cooney GJ, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. Insulin signaling requires glucose to promote lipid anabolism in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13250-13266. [PMID: 32723868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is essential for metabolic homeostasis, balancing lipid storage and mobilization based on nutritional status. This is coordinated by insulin, which triggers kinase signaling cascades to modulate numerous metabolic proteins, leading to increased glucose uptake and anabolic processes like lipogenesis. Given recent evidence that glucose is dispensable for adipocyte respiration, we sought to test whether glucose is necessary for insulin-stimulated anabolism. Examining lipogenesis in cultured adipocytes, glucose was essential for insulin to stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids and glyceride-glycerol. Importantly, glucose was dispensable for lipogenesis in the absence of insulin, suggesting that distinct carbon sources are used with or without insulin. Metabolic tracing studies revealed that glucose was required for insulin to stimulate pathways providing carbon substrate, NADPH, and glycerol 3-phosphate for lipid synthesis and storage. Glucose also displaced leucine as a lipogenic substrate and was necessary to suppress fatty acid oxidation. Together, glucose provided substrates and metabolic control for insulin to promote lipogenesis in adipocytes. This contrasted with the suppression of lipolysis by insulin signaling, which occurred independently of glucose. Given previous observations that signal transduction acts primarily before glucose uptake in adipocytes, these data are consistent with a model whereby insulin initially utilizes protein phosphorylation to stimulate lipid anabolism, which is sustained by subsequent glucose metabolism. Consequently, lipid abundance was sensitive to glucose availability, both during adipogenesis and in Drosophila flies in vivo Together, these data highlight the importance of glucose metabolism to support insulin action, providing a complementary regulatory mechanism to signal transduction to stimulate adipose anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Armella Zadoorian
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona C Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Scalzo
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca Varney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Stoelzel CR, Zhang Y, Cincotta AH. Circadian-timed dopamine agonist treatment reverses high-fat diet-induced diabetogenic shift in ventromedial hypothalamic glucose sensing. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00139. [PMID: 32704560 PMCID: PMC7375120 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Within the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), glucose inhibitory (GI) neurons sense hypoglycaemia while glucose excitatory (GE) neurons sense hyperglycaemia to initiate counter control mechanisms under normal conditions. However, potential electrophysiological alterations of these two neuronal types in vivo in insulin-resistant states have never been simultaneously fully documented. Further, the anti-diabetic effect of dopamine agonism on this VMH system under insulin resistance has not been studied. METHODS This study examined the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on in vivo electrophysiological recordings from VMH GE and GI neurons and the ability of circadian-timed dopamine agonist therapy to reverse any adverse effect of the HFD on such VMH activities and peripheral glucose metabolism. RESULTS HFD significantly inhibited VMH GE neuronal electrophysiological response to local hyperglycaemia (36.3%) and augmented GI neuronal excitation response to local hypoglycaemia (47.0%). Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) administration at onset of daily activity (but not during the daily sleep phase) completely reversed both VMH GE and GI neuronal aberrations induced by HFD. Such timed treatment also normalized glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These VMH and peripheral glucose metabolism effects of circadian-timed bromocriptine may involve its known effect to reduce elevated VMH noradrenergic activity in insulin-resistant states as local VMH administration of norepinephrine was observed to significantly inhibit VMH GE neuronal sensing of local hyperglycaemia in insulin-sensitive animals on regular chow diet (52.4%). CONCLUSIONS HFD alters VMH glucose sensing in a manner that potentiates hyperglycaemia and this effect on the VMH can be reversed by appropriately circadian-timed dopamine agonist administration.
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Gupta AP, Garg R, Singh P, Goand UK, Syed AA, Valicherla GR, Riyazuddin M, Mugale MN, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 protects the obesity associated skeletal muscle insulin resistance in diet induced streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173204. [PMID: 32439261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin A (CHGA) derived peptide connects obesity with insulin resistance by inducing inflammation. Previously, we have evaluated potential activity of PST inhibitor (PSTi8) in liver and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic mice model. In this study we further explore the therapeutic effect of PSTi8 on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells/tissue and its effect on energy homeostasis in diet induced diabetic mice model. In in-vitro studies, we found that PSTi8 increases glucose uptake via enhanced GLUT4 translocation in L6 cells. This positive effect of PSTi8 led us to proceed with in-vivo studies in diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD or HFrD diet for 12 weeks along with single STZ induction at 4th week followed by PSTi8 treatment. We found that HFD and HFrD model showed increased fat mass, caused glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with accompanying proinflammatory effect on epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) together leading to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Administration of PSTi8 protects from diet induced inflammatory response and enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. PSTi8 improves circulating adipokine and lipid parameters, along with switch in macrophage polarisation from M1 to M2 in stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. In addition, treatment of PSTi8 also improves energy homeostasis, decreases circulatory non-esterified fatty acids level and inhibits ceramide deposition in muscle tissue. Overall this increased muscle insulin sensitivity is mediated via AKT/AS160/GLUT4 pathway activation. Our results reveal that PSTi8 inhibits the obesity mediated inflammation which enhances glucose disposal in skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiopathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Chromogranin A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chromogranin A/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- THP-1 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Madhav N Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Schmitz-Peiffer C. Deconstructing the Role of PKC Epsilon in Glucose Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:344-356. [PMID: 32305097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The failure of insulin to suppress glucose production by the liver is a key aspect of the insulin resistance seen in type 2 diabetes. Lipid-activated protein kinase C epsilon has long been identified as an important mediator of diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance and the current view emphasizes a mechanism involving phosphorylation of the insulin receptor by the kinase to inhibit downstream insulin action. However, the significance of this direct effect in the liver has now been challenged by tissue-specific deletion of PKCε, which demonstrated a more prominent role for the kinase in adipose tissue to promote glucose intolerance. New insights regarding the role of PKCε therefore contribute to the understanding of indirect effects on hepatic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Commiphora myrrha Resin Alcoholic Extract Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Obesity via Regulation of UCP1 and Adiponectin Proteins Expression in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030803. [PMID: 32197395 PMCID: PMC7146519 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate anti-obesity potential of Commiphora myrrha resin ethanolic extract (CME) with the respect to expression of leptin, adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in rats. Control rats fed basal diet. Second group fed basal diet and administered CME (500 mg/kg bw) orally for 14 weeks. Third group fed high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Fourth group fed HFD and administered CME as second group. Fifth group fed HFD for 8 weeks then fed basal diet and administered CME as third group for another 6 weeks. Phytochemical analysis of CME identified the presence of germacrene B, 1,4-benzoquinone, benzofuran, hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecnoic acid methyl ester, reynosin, 11, 14-eicosadienoic acid, isochiapin B, bisabolene epixod, elemene and 1-heptatriacotanol. High fat diet significantly increased food intake, body weight, hyperglycemia, serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein and ketone bodies, AST and AST activities, concentration of malondialdehyde and histopathological changes in hepatic tissues. However, it significantly reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein, leptin and adiponectin, activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (GR) and brown adipose tissue UCP1 protein expression. In contrast, CME ameliorated HFD increased body weight, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, ketonemia, hepatic tissues lipid peroxidation, restored hepatic tissue architecture and enhanced protein expression of leptin, adiponectin and UCP1 and activity of hepatic GR. This study indicated that CME ameliorated HFD induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia through normalization of HFD reduced leptin, adiponectin and UCP1 proteins production and antioxidant activity.
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Krycer JR, Quek LE, Francis D, Fazakerley DJ, Elkington SD, Diaz-Vegas A, Cooke KC, Weiss FC, Duan X, Kurdyukov S, Zhou PX, Tambar UK, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Kamei Y, Soga T, Cooney GJ, James DE. Lactate production is a prioritized feature of adipocyte metabolism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:83-98. [PMID: 31690627 PMCID: PMC6952601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is essential for whole-body glucose homeostasis, with a primary role in lipid storage. It has been previously observed that lactate production is also an important metabolic feature of adipocytes, but its relationship to adipose and whole-body glucose disposal remains unclear. Therefore, using a combination of metabolic labeling techniques, here we closely examined lactate production of cultured and primary mammalian adipocytes. Insulin treatment increased glucose uptake and conversion to lactate, with the latter responding more to insulin than did other metabolic fates of glucose. However, lactate production did not just serve as a mechanism to dispose of excess glucose, because we also observed that lactate production in adipocytes did not solely depend on glucose availability and even occurred independently of glucose metabolism. This suggests that lactate production is prioritized in adipocytes. Furthermore, knocking down lactate dehydrogenase specifically in the fat body of Drosophila flies lowered circulating lactate and improved whole-body glucose disposal. These results emphasize that lactate production is an additional metabolic role of adipose tissue beyond lipid storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D Elkington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona C Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sergey Kurdyukov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ping-Xin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yushi Kamei
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Krycer JR, Elkington SD, Diaz-Vegas A, Cooke KC, Burchfield JG, Fisher-Wellman KH, Cooney GJ, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. Mitochondrial oxidants, but not respiration, are sensitive to glucose in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:99-110. [PMID: 31744882 PMCID: PMC6952605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin action in adipose tissue is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis, with insulin resistance being a major risk factor for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have proposed mitochondrial oxidants as a unifying driver of adipose insulin resistance, serving as a signal of nutrient excess. However, neither the substrates for nor sites of oxidant production are known. Because insulin stimulates glucose utilization, we hypothesized that glucose oxidation would fuel respiration, in turn generating mitochondrial oxidants. This would impair insulin action, limiting further glucose uptake in a negative feedback loop of "glucose-dependent" insulin resistance. Using primary rat adipocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we observed that insulin increased respiration, but notably this occurred independently of glucose supply. In contrast, glucose was required for insulin to increase mitochondrial oxidants. Despite rising to similar levels as when treated with other agents that cause insulin resistance, glucose-dependent mitochondrial oxidants failed to cause insulin resistance. Subsequent studies revealed a temporal relationship whereby mitochondrial oxidants needed to increase before the insulin stimulus to induce insulin resistance. Together, these data reveal that (a) adipocyte respiration is principally fueled from nonglucose sources; (b) there is a disconnect between respiration and oxidative stress, whereby mitochondrial oxidant levels do not rise with increased respiration unless glucose is present; and (c) mitochondrial oxidative stress must precede the insulin stimulus to cause insulin resistance, explaining why short-term, insulin-dependent glucose utilization does not promote insulin resistance. These data provide additional clues to mechanistically link nutrient excess to adipose insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah D Elkington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Mutt SJ, Raza GS, Mäkinen MJ, Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi S, Järvelin M, Herzig K. Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Insulin Resistance and Re‐Supplementation Attenuates Hepatic Glucose Output via the PI3K‐AKT‐FOXO1 Mediated Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900728. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
- Cancer and Translational Research Unit, Department of PathologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary CareOulu University Hospital 90220 Oulu Finland
- Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary CareOulu University Hospital 90220 Oulu Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and FamiliesNational Institute for Health and Welfare 90101 Oulu Finland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismPoznan University of Medical Sciences 61–701 Poznan Poland
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Parry SA, Turner MC, Woods RM, James LJ, Ferguson RA, Cocks M, Whytock KL, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Wagenmakers AJM, van Hall G, Hulston CJ. High-Fat Overfeeding Impairs Peripheral Glucose Metabolism and Muscle Microvascular eNOS Ser1177 Phosphorylation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5568321. [PMID: 31513265 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms responsible for dietary fat-induced insulin resistance of skeletal muscle and its microvasculature are only partially understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of high-fat overfeeding on postprandial glucose fluxes, muscle insulin signaling, and muscle microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content and activation. DESIGN Fifteen non-obese volunteers consumed a high-fat (64%) high-energy (+47%) diet for 7 days. Experiments were performed before and after the diet. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine glucose fluxes in response to carbohydrate plus protein ingestion. Muscle insulin signaling was determined as well as the content and activation state of muscle microvascular eNOS. RESULTS High-fat overfeeding impaired postprandial glycemic control as demonstrated by higher concentrations of glucose (+11%; P = 0.004) and insulin (+19%; P = 0.035). Carbohydrate plus protein ingestion suppressed endogenous glucose production to a similar extent before and after the diet. Conversely, high-fat overfeeding reduced whole-body glucose clearance (-16%; P = 0.021) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (-26%; P = 0.006). This occurred despite only minor alterations in skeletal muscle insulin signaling. High-fat overfeeding reduced eNOS content in terminal arterioles (P = 0.017) and abolished the increase in eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation that was seen after carbohydrate plus protein ingestion. CONCLUSION High-fat overfeeding impaired whole-body glycemic control due to reduced glucose clearance, not elevated endogenous glucose production. The finding that high-fat overfeeding abolished insulin-mediated eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in the terminal arterioles suggests that impairments in the vasodilatory capacity of the skeletal muscle microvasculature may contribute to early dietary fat-induced impairments in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siôn A Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark C Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel M Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Richard A Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Matthew Cocks
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie L Whytock
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl J Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Jacobs DT, Allard BA, Pottorf TS, Silva LM, Wang W, Al-Naamani A, Agborbesong E, Wang T, Carr DA, Tran PV. Intraflagellar-transport A dysfunction causes hyperphagia-induced systemic insulin resistance in a pre-obese state. FASEB J 2019; 34:148-160. [PMID: 31914634 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of murine Thm1, an intraflagellar transport A (IFT-A) component that mediates ciliary protein trafficking, causes hyperphagia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The role of Thm1 or IFT-A in adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity is unknown. Here, we report that Thm1 knockdown in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes promotes adipogenesis and enhances insulin sensitivity in vitro. Yet, pre-obese Thm1 conditional knockout mice show systemic insulin resistance. While insulin-induced AKT activation in Thm1 mutant adipose depots and skeletal muscle are similar to those of control littermates, an attenuated insulin response arises in the mutant liver. Insulin treatment of control and Thm1 mutant primary hepatocytes results in similar AKT activation. Moreover, pair-feeding Thm1 conditional knockout mice produces a normal insulin response, both in the liver and systemically. Thus, hyperphagia caused by a cilia defect, induces hepatic insulin resistance via a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In turn, hepatic insulin resistance drives systemic insulin resistance prior to an obese phenotype. These data demonstrate that insulin signaling across cell types is regulated differentially, and that the liver is particularly susceptible to hyperphagia-induced insulin resistance and a critical determinant of systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon T Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bailey A Allard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tana S Pottorf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Luciane M Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Aisha Al-Naamani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dajanae A Carr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Weng D, Wang S, Zhang J. Adenine nucleotide-mediated regulation of hepatic PTP1B activity in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2106-2117. [PMID: 31410531 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Plasma 5'-AMP (pAMP) is elevated in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. However, the metabolic regulatory role of adenine nucleotides in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. METHODS Adenine nucleotides and their metabolites in plasma and liver were examined by HPLC. 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis was performed to explore the changes of metabolites in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger activity were measured in response to adenine nucleotide metabolites. Human recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was used for enzyme kinetic assays. Protein binding assays were performed with microscale thermophoresis. The intracellular pH of hepatocyte AML12 cell lines was measured using the BCECF-AM method. We also analysed pAMP levels in participants with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Elevation of pAMP was a universal phenomenon in all mouse models of type 2 diabetes including db/db vs lean mice (13.9 ± 2.3 μmol/l vs 3.7 ± 0.9 μmol/l; p < 0.01), ob/ob vs lean mice (9.1 ± 2.0 μmol/l vs 3.9 ± 1.2 μmol/l; p < 0.01) and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced vs wild-type mice (6.6 ± 1.5 μmol/l vs 4.1 ± 0.9 μmol/l; p < 0.05); this elevation was required for the occurrence of hyperglycaemia in obese mice. 1H NMR-based metabolomics study following HPLC analysis revealed that the metabolite profile in wild-type mice treated with 5'-AMP was similar to that in db/db diabetic mice, especially the accumulation of a large quantity of ATP and its metabolites. The glucose-lowering drug metformin reduced the severity of hyperglycaemia both in 5'-AMP-induced wild-type mice and db/db mice. Metformin decreased the accumulation of liver ATP but not its metabolites in these hyperglycaemic mice. ATP and metformin reciprocally change cellular pH homeostasis in liver, causing opposite shifts in liver activity of PTP1B, a key negative regulator of insulin signalling. Furthermore, pAMP levels were also elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (45.2 ± 22.7 nmol/l vs 3.1 ± 1.9 nmol/l; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results reveal an emerging role for adenine nucleotide in the regulation of hyperglycaemia and provide a potential therapeutic target in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dan Weng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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44
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Patel BM, Goyal RK. Liver and insulin resistance: New wine in old bottle!!! Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cox N, Geissmann F. Macrophage ontogeny in the control of adipose tissue biology. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 62:1-8. [PMID: 31670115 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are found in large numbers in the adipose tissue where they closely associate with the adipocytes and the vasculature. Adipose tissue macrophages are a heterogenous population of cells with 'hard wired' diversity brought upon by distinct developmental lineages. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief history of macrophages in control of adipose tissue metabolism with the emphasis on the importance of macrophage ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
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46
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Watt MJ, Miotto PM, De Nardo W, Montgomery MK. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ-Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1367-1393. [PMID: 31098621 DOI: 10.1210/er.2019-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Through the use of advanced mass spectrometry "omics" approaches and detailed experimentation in cells, mice, and humans, we now understand that the liver secretes a wide array of proteins, metabolites, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and that many of these secreted factors exert powerful effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving field of "hepatokine" biology with a particular focus on delineating previously unappreciated communication between the liver and other tissues in the body. We describe the NAFLD-induced changes in secretion of liver proteins, lipids, other metabolites, and miRNAs, and how these molecules alter metabolism in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to induce insulin resistance. We also synthesize the limited information that indicates that extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may be an important mechanism for intertissue communication in normal physiology and in promoting metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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47
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Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092022. [PMID: 31466350 PMCID: PMC6770316 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and changes to lipid metabolism are likely to contribute. Therefore, establishing the changes in concentrations of specific FFAs in an individual’s plasma is important. Each type of FFA has different effects on physiological processes, including the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling and the composition and properties of cellular membranes. Alterations in such processes due to altered plasma FFA concentrations/profiles can potentially result in the development of insulin resistance and coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates and statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed to subjects with T2DM, are also thought to exert part of their beneficial effects by impacting on plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, it is also interesting to consider their effects on the concentration of FFAs in plasma. Collectively, we review how FFAs are altered in T2DM and explore the likely downstream physiological and pathological implications of such changes.
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48
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Nelson NG, Weingarten MJ, Law WX, Sangiamo DT, Liang NC. Joint and separate exposure to alcohol and ∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol produced distinct effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in male rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12025. [PMID: 31427627 PMCID: PMC6700198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and alcohol co-use is common, and the trend may increase further given the current popularity of cannabis legalization. However, the metabolic consequences of such co-use are unclear. Here, we investigated how co-administration of alcohol and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, affects body weight and visceral adiposity, and glucose and insulin homeostasis in rats. For 16 consecutive days during adolescence, male rats drank saccharin or alcohol after receiving subcutaneous oil or THC injections in Experiment 1 and voluntarily consumed alcohol, THC edible, or both drugs in Experiment 2. Experiment 1 showed that following abstinence, drug co-exposure reduced visceral fat and the amount of insulin required to clear glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In Experiment 2, rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) after 3-week abstinence. Although adolescent drug use did not interact with the HFD to worsen hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia during an OGTT, HFD-fed rats that co-used alcohol and THC had the lowest insulin levels 75 min after an insulin injection, suggesting an altered rate of insulin secretion and degradation. These results suggest that THC and alcohol co-exposure can distinctly alter the physiology of glucose and insulin homeostasis in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi G Nelson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Michael J Weingarten
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Wen Xuan Law
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Daniel T Sangiamo
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.
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49
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Morrison DJ, Kowalski GM, Bruce CR, Wadley GD. Modest changes to glycemic regulation are sufficient to maintain glucose fluxes in healthy young men following overfeeding with a habitual macronutrient composition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1061-E1070. [PMID: 30964705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00500.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is unclear whether short-term overfeeding in healthy people significantly affects postprandial glucose regulation, as most human overfeeding studies have utilized induced experimental conditions such as the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique to assess glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to quantify glucose fluxes [rates of meal glucose appearance (Ra), disposal (Rd), and endogenous glucose production (EGP)] in response to 5 and 28 days of overfeeding (+45% energy) while maintaining habitual macronutrient composition (31.0 ± 1.9% fat, 48.6 ± 2.2% carbohydrate, 16.7 ± 1.4% protein) in healthy, lean young men. Meal tolerance testing was combined with the triple-stable isotope glucose tracer approach. Visceral adipose volume increased by ~15% with 5 days of overfeeding, while there was no further change at 28 days. In contrast, body mass (+1.6 kg) and fat mass (+1.3 kg) were significantly increased only after 28 days of overfeeding. Fasting EGP, Rd, and insulin were increased at 5 but unchanged after 28 days. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were unaltered by 5 days of overfeeding but were modestly increased after 28 days (P < 0.05). However, meal Ra and glucose Rd were significantly increased after both 5 and 28 days of overfeeding (P < 0.05). Despite this, overfeeding did not lead to alterations to postprandial EGP suppression. Thus, in contrast to findings from euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, chronic overfeeding did not affect the ability to suppress EGP or stimulate Rd under postprandial conditions. Rather, glucose flux was appropriately maintained following 28 days of overfeeding through modest increases in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
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Hucik B, Sarr O, Nakamura MT, Dyck DJ, Mutch DM. Reduced delta-6 desaturase activity partially protects against high-fat diet-induced impairment in whole-body glucose tolerance. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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