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Prasad SK, Singh VV, Acharjee A, Acharjee P. Elucidating hippocampal proteome dynamics in moderate hepatic encephalopathy rats: insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1659-1679. [PMID: 38787444 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological disorder associated with liver failure and characterized by impaired brain function. Decade-long studies have led to significant advances in our understanding of HE; however, effective therapeutic management of HE is lacking, and HE continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, underscoring the need for continued research into its pathophysiology and treatment. Accordingly, the present study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at elucidating the molecular underpinnings of HE and identifying potential therapeutic targets. A moderate-grade HE model was induced in rats using thioacetamide, which simulates the liver damage observed in patients, and its impact on cognitive function, neuronal arborization, and cellular morphology was also evaluated. We employed label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics to quantitatively profile hippocampal proteins to explore the molecular mechanism of HE pathogenesis; 2175 proteins were identified, 47 of which exhibited significant alterations in moderate-grade HE. The expression of several significantly upregulated proteins, such as FAK1, CD9 and Tspan2, was further validated at the transcript and protein levels, confirming the mass spectrometry results. These proteins have not been previously reported in HE. Utilizing Metascape, a tool for gene annotation and analysis, we further studied the biological pathways integral to brain function, including gliogenesis, the role of erythrocytes in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, the modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, astrocyte differentiation, the regulation of organ growth, the response to cAMP, myelination, and synaptic function, which were disrupted during HE. The STRING database further elucidated the protein‒protein interaction patterns among the differentially expressed proteins. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving HE and paves the way for identifying novel therapeutic targets for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Kumar Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishal Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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2
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Rhomberg-Kauert J, Karlsson M, Thiagarajan D, Kallas T, Karlsson F, Fredriksson S, Dahlberg J, Martinez Barrio A. Using adjusted local assortativity with Molecular Pixelation unveils colocalization of membrane proteins with immunological significance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1309916. [PMID: 38983848 PMCID: PMC11231075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1309916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in spatial proteomics and protein colocalization are a driving force in the understanding of cellular mechanisms and their influence on biological processes. New methods in the field of spatial proteomics call for the development of algorithms and open up new avenues of research. The newly introduced Molecular Pixelation (MPX) provides spatial information on surface proteins and their relationship with each other in single cells. This allows for in silico representation of neighborhoods of membrane proteins as graphs. In order to analyze this new data modality, we adapted local assortativity in networks of MPX single-cell graphs and created a method that is able to capture detailed information on the spatial relationships of proteins. The introduced method can evaluate the pairwise colocalization of proteins and access higher-order similarity to investigate the colocalization of multiple proteins at the same time. We evaluated the method using publicly available MPX datasets where T cells were treated with a chemokine to study uropod formation. We demonstrate that adjusted local assortativity detects the effects of the stimuli at both single- and multiple-marker levels, which enhances our understanding of the uropod formation. We also applied our method to treating cancerous B-cell lines using a therapeutic antibody. With the adjusted local assortativity, we recapitulated the effect of rituximab on the polarity of CD20. Our computational method together with MPX improves our understanding of not only the formation of cell polarity and protein colocalization under stimuli but also advancing the overall insight into immune reaction and reorganization of cell surface proteins, which in turn allows the design of novel therapies. We foresee its applicability to other types of biological spatial data when represented as undirected graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rhomberg-Kauert
- Pixelgen Technologies AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Fredriksson
- Pixelgen Technologies AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Na K, Lee S, Kim DK, Kim YS, Hwang JY, Kang SS, Baek S, Lee CY, Yang SM, Han YJ, Kim MH, Han H, Kim Y, Kim JH, Jeon S, Byeon Y, Lee JB, Lim SM, Hong MH, Pyo KH, Cho BC. CD81 and CD82 expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in T-cell activation and cytokine production. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336246. [PMID: 38515751 PMCID: PMC10954780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To understand the immune system within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is crucial to elucidate the characteristics of molecules associated with T cell activation. Methods We conducted an in-depth analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from tissue samples of 19 NSCLC patients. T cells were classified based on the Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) within the tumor region, and molecular markers associated with activation and exhaustion were analyzed in T cells from high TPS areas. Results Notably, tetraspanins CD81 and CD82, belonging to the tetraspanin protein family, were found to be expressed in activated T cells, particularly in cytotoxic T cells. These tetraspanins showed strong correlations with activation and exhaustion markers. In vitro experiments confirmed increased expression of CD81 and CD82 in IL-2-stimulated T cells. T cells were categorized into CD81highCD82high and CD81lowCD82low groups based on their expression levels, with CD81highCD82high T cells exhibiting elevated activation markers such as CD25 and CD69 compared to CD81lowCD82low T cells. This trend was consistent across CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cell subsets. Moreover, CD81highCD82high T cells, when stimulated with anti-CD3, demonstrated enhanced secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, along with an increase in the proportion of memory T cells. Bulk RNA sequencing results after sorting CD81highCD82high and CD81lowCD82low T cells consistently supported the roles of CD81 and CD82. Experiments with overexpressed CD81 and CD82 showed increased cytotoxicity against target cells. Discussion These findings highlight the multifaceted roles of CD81 and CD82 in T cell activation, cytokine production, memory subset accumulation, and target cell cytolysis. Therefore, these findings suggest the potential of CD81 and CD82 as promising candidates for co-stimulatory molecules in immune therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment within the intricate TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Na
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yeon Hwang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-San Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Baek
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chai Young Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyung Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Tian C, Wang Y, Su M, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Dou J, Zhao C, Cai Y, Pan J, Bai S, Wu Q, Chen S, Li S, Xie D, Lv R, Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu S, Zhang H, Bai L. Motility and tumor infiltration are key aspects of invariant natural killer T cell anti-tumor function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1213. [PMID: 38332012 PMCID: PMC10853287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells contributes to immune resistance of tumors. Most mechanistic studies focus on their static functional status before or after activation, not considering motility as an important characteristic for antigen scanning and thus anti-tumor capability. Here we show via intravital imaging, that impaired motility of iNKT cells and their exclusion from tumors both contribute to the diminished anti-tumor iNKT cell response. Mechanistically, CD1d, expressed on macrophages, interferes with tumor infiltration of iNKT cells and iNKT-DC interactions but does not influence their intratumoral motility. VCAM1, expressed by cancer cells, restricts iNKT cell motility and inhibits their antigen scanning and activation by DCs via reducing CDC42 expression. Blocking VCAM1-CD49d signaling improves motility and activation of intratumoral iNKT cells, and consequently augments their anti-tumor function. Interference with macrophage-iNKT cell interactions further enhances the anti-tumor capability of iNKT cells. Thus, our findings provide a direction to enhance the efficacy of iNKT cell-based immunotherapy via motility regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Miya Su
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaxiang Dou
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Changfeng Zhao
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sanwei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Di Xie
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Lv
- Anhui Blood Center, Heifei, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sicheng Fu
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Li Bai
- Hefei national Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Liu Y, Bai Y, Chen S, Pu F, Li Y, Chi H, Zheng Z, Xu P, Zhou T. Molecular characterization, expression pattern and immunologic function of CD82a in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1301877. [PMID: 38370405 PMCID: PMC10869527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1301877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral white spot disease (VWND) caused by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida poses a major threat to the sustainable development of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and RNA-seq research indicated that LcCD82a play an important role in resistance to visceral white spot disease in L. crocea, but the molecular mechanism of LcCD82a response to P. plecoglossicida infection is still unclear. In this study, we cloned and validated the Open Reading Frame (ORF) sequence of LcCD82a and explored the expression profile of LcCD82a in various tissues of L.crocea. In addition, two different transcript variants (LcCD82a-L and LcCD82a-S) of LcCD82a were identified that exhibit alternative splicing patterns after P. plecoglossicida infection, which may be closely related to the immune regulation during pathogenetic process of VWND. In order to explore the function of LcCD82a, we purified the recombinant protein of LcCD82a-L and LcCD82a-S. The bacterial agglutination and apoptosis function analysis showed that LcCD82a may involve in extracellular bacterial recognition, agglutination, and at the same time participate in the process of antigen presentation and induction of cell apoptosis. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that LcCD82a plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis and antimicrobial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongshu Chi
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zaiyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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7
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Emamnejad R, Dass M, Mahlis M, Bozkurt S, Ye S, Pagnin M, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. Thyroid hormone-dependent oligodendroglial cell lineage genomic and non-genomic signaling through integrin receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934971. [PMID: 36133808 PMCID: PMC9483185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease whereby the pathological sequelae evolve from oligodendrocytes (OLs) within the central nervous system and are targeted by the immune system, which causes widespread white matter pathology and results in neuronal dysfunction and neurological impairment. The progression of this disease is facilitated by a failure in remyelination following chronic demyelination. One mediator of remyelination is thyroid hormone (TH), whose reliance on monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) was recently defined. MCT8 facilitates the entry of THs into oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs). Patients with MS may exhibit downregulated MCT8 near inflammatory lesions, which emphasizes an inhibition of TH signaling and subsequent downstream targeted pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt. However, the role of the closely related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in pre-OLs during neuroinflammation may also be central to the remyelination process and is governed by various growth promoting signals. Recent research indicates that this may be reliant on TH-dependent signaling through β1-integrins. This review identifies genomic and non-genomic signaling that is regulated through mTOR in TH-responsive pre-OLs and mature OLs in mouse models of MS. This review critiques data that implicates non-genomic Akt and mTOR signaling in response to TH-dependent integrin receptor activation in pre-OLs. We have also examined whether this can drive remyelination in the context of neuroinflammation and associated sequelae. Importantly, we outline how novel therapeutic small molecules are being designed to target integrin receptors on oligodendroglial lineage cells and whether these are viable therapeutic options for future use in clinical trials for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Emamnejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Mahlis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Salome Bozkurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Steven Petratos,
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Kaur S, Livak F, Daaboul G, Anderson L, Roberts DD. Single vesicle analysis of CD47 association with integrins and tetraspanins on extracellular vesicles released by T lymphoblast and prostate carcinoma cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12265. [PMID: 36107309 PMCID: PMC9477112 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 regulates the trafficking of specific coding and noncoding RNAs into extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the RNA contents of CD47+ EVs differ from that of CD63+ EVs released by the same cells. Single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing combined with immunofluorescent imaging was used to analyse the colocalization of tetraspanins, integrins, and CD47 on EVs produced by wild type and CD47-deficient Jurkat T lymphoblast and PC3 prostate carcinoma cell lines. On Jurkat cell-derived EVs, β1 and α4 integrin subunits colocalized predominantly with CD47 and CD81 but not with CD63 and CD9, conserving the known lateral interactions between these proteins in the plasma membrane. Although PC3 cell-derived EVs lacked detectable α4 integrin, specific association of CD81 with β1 and CD47 was preserved. Loss of CD47 expression in Jurkat cells significantly reduced β1 and α4 levels on EVs produced by these cells while elevating CD9+ , CD63+ , and CD81+ EVs. In contrast, loss of CD47 in PC3 cells decreased the abundance of CD63+ and CD81+ EVs. These data establish that CD47+ EVs are mostly distinct from EVs bearing the tetraspanins CD63 and CD9, but CD47 also indirectly regulates the abundance of EVs bearing these non-interacting tetraspanins via mechanisms that remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of PathologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of PathologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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9
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Espinar-Buitrago M, Muñoz-Fernández MA. New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:719664. [PMID: 35058917 PMCID: PMC8763680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved substantially, achieving undetectable viral loads in most cases. Nevertheless, the presence of a viral reservoir formed by latently infected cells results in patients having to maintain treatment for life. In the absence of effective eradication strategies against HIV-1, research efforts are focused on obtaining a cure. One of these approaches is the creation of therapeutic vaccines. In this sense, the most promising one up to now is based on the establishing of the immunological synapse between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (TL). DCs are one of the first cells of the immune system to encounter HIV-1 by acting as antigen presenting cells, bringing about the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by TL. Furthermore, TL are the end effector, and their response capacity is essential in the adaptive elimination of cells infected by pathogens. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the interaction between DCs with TL, as well as the characterization of the specific T-cell response against HIV-1 infection. The use of nanotechnology in the design and improvement of vaccines based on DCs has been researched and presented here with a special emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisierra Espinar-Buitrago
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Hospital Gregorio Marañón (HIV-HGM) BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Tanase C, Enciu AM, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Dudau M, Dobri AM, Pop S, Mihai S, Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu AA, Hinescu ME. Fatty Acids, CD36, Thrombospondin-1, and CD47 in Glioblastoma: Together and/or Separately? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020604. [PMID: 35054787 PMCID: PMC8776193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system, characterized by a wide range of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. Accumulation of fatty acids (FA) metabolites was associated with a low survival rate in high-grade glioma patients. The diversity of brain lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is greater than in all other organs and several classes of proteins, such as FA transport proteins (FATPs), and FA translocases are considered principal candidates for PUFAs transport through BBB and delivery of PUFAs to brain cells. Among these, the CD36 FA translocase promotes long-chain FA uptake as well as oxidated lipoproteins. Moreover, CD36 binds and recognizes thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an extracellular matrix protein that was shown to play a multifaceted role in cancer as part of the tumor microenvironment. Effects on tumor cells are mediated by TSP-1 through the interaction with CD36 as well as CD47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. TSP-1/CD47 interactions have an important role in the modulation of glioma cell invasion and angiogenesis in GBM. Separately, FA, the two membrane receptors CD36, CD47, and their joint ligand TSP-1 all play a part in GBM pathogenesis. The last research has put in light their interconnection/interrelationship in order to exert a cumulative effect in the modulation of the GBM molecular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-74-020-4717
| | - Ana Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Maria Dudau
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Dobri
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sevinci Pop
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Simona Mihai
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Ancuța-Augustina Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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11
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Müller M, Gräbnitz F, Barandun N, Shen Y, Wendt F, Steiner SN, Severin Y, Vetterli SU, Mondal M, Prudent JR, Hofmann R, van Oostrum M, Sarott RC, Nesvizhskii AI, Carreira EM, Bode JW, Snijder B, Robinson JA, Loessner MJ, Oxenius A, Wollscheid B. Light-mediated discovery of surfaceome nanoscale organization and intercellular receptor interaction networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7036. [PMID: 34857745 PMCID: PMC8639842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular nanoscale organization of the surfaceome is a fundamental regulator of cellular signaling in health and disease. Technologies for mapping the spatial relationships of cell surface receptors and their extracellular signaling synapses would unlock theranostic opportunities to target protein communities and the possibility to engineer extracellular signaling. Here, we develop an optoproteomic technology termed LUX-MS that enables the targeted elucidation of acute protein interactions on and in between living cells using light-controlled singlet oxygen generators (SOG). By using SOG-coupled antibodies, small molecule drugs, biologics and intact viral particles, we demonstrate the ability of LUX-MS to decode ligand receptor interactions across organisms and to discover surfaceome receptor nanoscale organization with direct implications for drug action. Furthermore, by coupling SOG to antigens we achieved light-controlled molecular mapping of intercellular signaling within functional immune synapses between antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells providing insights into T cell activation with spatiotemporal specificity. LUX-MS based decoding of surfaceome signaling architectures thereby provides a molecular framework for the rational development of theranostic strategies. The spatial organization of cell surface receptors is critical for cell signaling and drug action. Here, the authors develop an optoproteomic method for mapping surface protein interactions, revealing cellular responses to antibodies, drugs and viral particles as well as immunosynapse signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Müller
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gräbnitz
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niculò Barandun
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Wendt
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian N Steiner
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Milon Mondal
- Chemistry Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Raphael Hofmann
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc van Oostrum
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman C Sarott
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John A Robinson
- Chemistry Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Ahmed W, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Tetraspanins as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Targeting Flaviviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630571. [PMID: 33968023 PMCID: PMC8097176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin family of proteins participates in numerous fundamental signaling pathways involved in viral transmission, virus-specific immunity, and virus-mediated vesicular trafficking. Studies in the identification of novel therapeutic candidates and strategies to target West Nile virus, dengue and Zika viruses are highly warranted due to the failure in development of vaccines. Recent evidences have shown that the widely distributed tetraspanin proteins may provide a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the diversified and important functions of tetraspanins in exosome/extracellular vesicle biology, virus-host interactions, virus-mediated vesicular trafficking, modulation of immune mechanism(s), and their possible role(s) in host antiviral defense mechanism(s) through interactions with noncoding RNAs. We also highlight the role of tetraspanins in the development of novel therapeutics to target arthropod-borne flaviviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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13
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Kim HR, Park JS, Fatima Y, Kausar M, Park JH, Jun CD. Potentiating the Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic T Cells via the Transmembrane Domain of IGSF4 That Increases TCR Avidity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:591054. [PMID: 33597944 PMCID: PMC7882689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A robust T-cell response is an important component of sustained antitumor immunity. In this respect, the avidity of TCR in the antigen-targeting of tumors is crucial for the quality of the T-cell response. This study reports that the transmembrane (TM) domain of immunoglobulin superfamily member 4 (IGSF4) binds to the TM of the CD3 ζ-chain through an interaction between His177 and Asp36, which results in IGSF4-CD3 ζ dimers. IGSF4 also forms homo-dimers through the GxxVA motif in the TM domain, thereby constituting large TCR clusters. Overexpression of IGSF4 lacking the extracellular (IG4ΔEXT) domain potentiates the OTI CD8+ T cells to release IFN-γ and TNF-α and to kill OVA+-B16F10 melanoma cells. In animal models, IG4ΔEXT significantly reduces B16F10 tumor metastasis as well as tumor growth. Collectively, the results indicate that the TM domain of IGSF4 can regulate TCR avidity, and they further demonstrate that TCR avidity regulation is critical for improving the antitumor activity of cytotoxic T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yasmin Fatima
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Maiza Kausar
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
- Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
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14
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Perez MD, Seu L, Lowman KE, Moylan DC, Tidwell C, Samuel S, Duverger A, Wagner FH, Carlin E, Sharma V, Pope B, Raman C, Erdmann N, Locke J, Hu H, Sabbaj S, Kutsch O. The tetraspanin CD151 marks a unique population of activated human T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15748. [PMID: 32978478 PMCID: PMC7519159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of proteins with an array of functions that are well studied in cancer biology, but their importance in immunology is underappreciated. Here we establish the tetraspanin CD151 as a unique marker of T-cell activation and, in extension, an indicator of elevated, systemic T-cell activity. Baseline CD151 expression found on a subset of T-cells was indicative of increased activation of the MAPK pathway. Following TCR/CD3 activation, CD151 expression was upregulated on the overall T-cell population, a quintessential feature of an activation marker. CD151+ T-cell frequencies in the spleen, an organ with increased immune activity, were twice as high as in paired peripheral blood samples. This CD151+ T-cell frequency increase was not paralleled by an increase of CD25 or CD38, demonstrating that CD151 expression is regulated independently of other T-cell activation markers. CD151+ T-cells were also more likely to express preformed granzyme B, suggesting that CD151+ T cells are pro-inflammatory. To this end, HIV-1 patients on antiretroviral therapy who are reported to exhibit chronically elevated levels of immune activity, had significantly higher CD4+CD151+ T-cell frequencies than healthy controls, raising the possibility that proinflammatory CD151+ T cells could contribute to the premature immunological aging phenotype observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred D Perez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lillian Seu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelsey E Lowman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David C Moylan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Tidwell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shekwonya Samuel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexandra Duverger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frederic H Wagner
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Carlin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon Pope
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathan Erdmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayme Locke
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steffanie Sabbaj
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Davis PJ, Mousa SA, Lin HY. Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone: The Integrin Component. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:319-352. [PMID: 32584192 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 contains a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone analogues. The receptor is largely expressed and activated in tumor cells and rapidly dividing endothelial cells. The principal ligand for this receptor is l-thyroxine (T4), usually regarded only as a prohormone for 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), the hormone analogue that expresses thyroid hormone in the cell nucleus via nuclear receptors that are unrelated structurally to integrin αvβ3. At the integrin receptor for thyroid hormone, T4 regulates cancer and endothelial cell division, tumor cell defense pathways (such as anti-apoptosis), and angiogenesis and supports metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, differential expression of multiple genes related to the listed cell processes, and regulation of activities of other cell surface proteins, such as vascular growth factor receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is derived from T4 and competes with binding of T4 to the integrin. In the absence of T4, tetrac and chemically modified tetrac also have anticancer effects that culminate in altered gene transcription. Tumor xenografts are arrested by unmodified and chemically modified tetrac. The receptor requires further characterization in terms of contributions to nonmalignant cells, such as platelets and phagocytes. The integrin αvβ3 receptor for thyroid hormone offers a large panel of cellular actions that are relevant to cancer biology and that may be regulated by tetrac derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Rosenfeld CS, Hekman JP, Johnson JL, Lyu Z, Ortega MT, Joshi T, Mao J, Vladimirova AV, Gulevich RG, Kharlamova AV, Acland GM, Hecht EE, Wang X, Clark AG, Trut LN, Behura SK, Kukekova AV. Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12614. [PMID: 31605445 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The underlying neurological events accompanying dog domestication remain elusive. To reconstruct the domestication process in an experimental setting, silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been deliberately bred for tame vs aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The hypothalamus is an essential part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates the fight-or-flight response, and thus, we hypothesized that selective breeding for tameness/aggressiveness has shaped the hypothalamic transcriptomic profile. RNA-seq analysis identified 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Seven of these genes, DKKL1, FBLN7, NPL, PRIMPOL, PTGRN, SHCBP1L and SKIV2L, showed the same direction expression differences in the hypothalamus, basal forebrain and prefrontal cortex. The genes differentially expressed across the three tissues are involved in cell division, differentiation, adhesion and carbohydrate processing, suggesting an association of these processes with selective breeding. Additionally, 159 transcripts from the hypothalamus demonstrated differences in the abundance of alternative spliced forms between the tame and aggressive foxes. Weighted gene coexpression network analyses also suggested that gene modules in hypothalamus were significantly associated with tame vs aggressive behavior. Pathways associated with these modules include signal transduction, interleukin signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and peptide ligand-binding receptors (eg, G-protein coupled receptor [GPCR] ligand binding). Current studies show the selection for tameness vs aggressiveness in foxes is associated with unique hypothalamic gene profiles partly shared with other brain regions and highlight DEGs involved in biological processes such as development, differentiation and immunological responses. The role of these processes in fox and dog domestication remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jessica P Hekman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Madison T Ortega
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anastasiya V Vladimirova
- The Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Rimma G Gulevich
- The Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Kharlamova
- The Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gregory M Acland
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Erin E Hecht
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lyudmila N Trut
- The Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Susanta K Behura
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anna V Kukekova
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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17
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Khan NS, Lukason DP, Feliu M, Ward RA, Lord AK, Reedy JL, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG, Tam JM, Kasperkovitz PV, Negoro PE, Vyas TD, Xu S, Brinkmann MM, Acharaya M, Artavanis-Tsakonas K, Frickel EM, Becker CE, Dagher Z, Kim YM, Latz E, Ploegh HL, Mansour MK, Miranti CK, Levitz SM, Vyas JM. CD82 controls CpG-dependent TLR9 signaling. FASEB J 2019; 33:12500-12514. [PMID: 31408613 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901547r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD82 is a potent suppressor of tumor metastasis and regulates several processes including signal transduction, cell adhesion, motility, and aggregation. However, the mechanisms by which CD82 participates in innate immunity are unknown. We report that CD82 is a key regulator of TLR9 trafficking and signaling. TLR9 recognizes unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs present in viral, bacterial, and fungal DNA. We demonstrate that TLR9 and CD82 associate in macrophages, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and post-ER. Moreover, CD82 is essential for TLR9-dependent myddosome formation in response to CpG stimulation. Finally, CD82 modulates TLR9-dependent NF-κB nuclear translocation, which is critical for inflammatory cytokine production. To our knowledge, this is the first time a tetraspanin has been implicated as a key regulator of TLR signaling. Collectively, our study demonstrates that CD82 is a specific regulator of TLR9 signaling, which may be critical in cancer immunotherapy approaches and coordinating the innate immune response to pathogens.-Khan, N. S., Lukason, D. P., Feliu, M., Ward, R. A., Lord, A. K., Reedy, J. L., Ramirez-Ortiz, Z. G., Tam, J. M., Kasperkovitz, P. V., Negoro, P. E., Vyas, T. D., Xu, S., Brinkmann, M. M., Acharaya, M., Artavanis-Tsakonas, K., Frickel, E.-M., Becker, C. E., Dagher, Z., Kim, Y.-M., Latz, E., Ploegh, H. L., Mansour, M. K., Miranti, C. K., Levitz, S. M., Vyas, J. M. CD82 controls CpG-dependent TLR9 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida S Khan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel P Lukason
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianela Feliu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ward
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison K Lord
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reedy
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaida G Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Paige E Negoro
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tammy D Vyas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuying Xu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mridu Acharaya
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E Becker
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zeina Dagher
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - You-Me Kim
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Janker L, Mayer RL, Bileck A, Kreutz D, Mader JC, Utpatel K, Heudobler D, Agis H, Gerner C, Slany A. Metabolic, Anti-apoptotic and Immune Evasion Strategies of Primary Human Myeloma Cells Indicate Adaptations to Hypoxia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:936-953. [PMID: 30792264 PMCID: PMC6495257 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy primarily localized within the bone marrow (BM). It develops from a premalignant stage, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), often via an intermediate stage, smoldering MM (SMM). The mechanisms of MM progression have not yet been fully understood, all the more because patients with MGUS and SMM already carry similar initial mutations as found in MM cells. Over the last years, increased importance has been attributed to the tumor microenvironment and its role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Adaptations of MM cells to hypoxic conditions in the BM have been shown to contribute significantly to MM progression, independently from the genetic predispositions of the tumor cells. Searching for consequences of hypoxia-induced adaptations in primary human MM cells, CD138-positive plasma cells freshly isolated from BM of patients with different disease stages, comprising MGUS, SMM, and MM, were analyzed by proteome profiling, which resulted in the identification of 6218 proteins. Results have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010600. Data previously obtained from normal primary B cells were included for comparative purposes. A principle component analysis revealed three clusters, differentiating B cells as well as MM cells corresponding to less and more advanced disease stages. Comparing these three clusters pointed to the alteration of pathways indicating adaptations to hypoxic stress in MM cells on disease progression. Protein regulations indicating immune evasion strategies of MM cells were determined, supported by immunohistochemical staining, as well as transcription factors involved in MM development and progression. Protein regulatory networks related to metabolic adaptations of the cells became apparent. Results were strengthened by targeted analyses of a selected panel of metabolites in MM cells and MM-associated fibroblasts. Based on our data, new opportunities may arise for developing therapeutic strategies targeting myeloma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna C Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Department of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermine Agis
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
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19
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van Montfort T, van der Sluis R, Darcis G, Beaty D, Groen K, Pasternak AO, Pollakis G, Vink M, Westerhout EM, Hamdi M, Bakker M, van der Putten B, Jurriaans S, Prins JH, Jeeninga R, Thomas AAM, Speijer D, Berkhout B. Dendritic cells potently purge latent HIV-1 beyond TCR-stimulation, activating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:97-108. [PMID: 30824386 PMCID: PMC6491380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The latent HIV-1 reservoir in treated patients primarily consists of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Stimulating the T-cell receptor (TCR), which facilitates transition of resting into effector T cells, is the most effective strategy to purge these latently infected cells. Here we supply evidence that TCR-stimulated effector T cells still frequently harbor latent HIV-1. Methods Primary HIV-1 infected cells were used in a latency assay with or without dendritic cells (DCs) and reversion of HIV-1 latency was determined, in the presence or absence of specific pathway inhibitors. Findings Renewed TCR-stimulation or subsequent activation with latency reversing agents (LRAs) did not overcome latency. However, interaction of infected effector cells with DCs triggered further activation of latent HIV-1. When compared to TCR-stimulation only, CD4+ T cells from aviremic patients receiving TCR + DC-stimulation reversed latency more frequently. Such a “one-two punch” strategy seems ideal for purging the reservoir. We determined that DC contact activates the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in CD4+ T cells. Interpretation This insight could facilitate the development of a novel class of potent LRAs that purge latent HIV beyond levels reached by T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van Montfort
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Renée van der Sluis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Doyle Beaty
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Groen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander O Pasternak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Westerhout
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Hamdi
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Boas van der Putten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Jurriaans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Rienk Jeeninga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Adri A M Thomas
- Department Developmental Biology, Faculty Beta-Science, Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Speijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, the Netherlands
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20
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Aldeghaither DS, Zahavi DJ, Murray JC, Fertig EJ, Graham GT, Zhang YW, O'Connell A, Ma J, Jablonski SA, Weiner LM. A Mechanism of Resistance to Antibody-Targeted Immune Attack. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:230-243. [PMID: 30563830 PMCID: PMC6359950 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) represents a crucial mechanism underlying these approaches. The majority of patients have limited responses to monoclonal antibody therapy due to the development of resistance. Models of ADCC provide a system for uncovering immune-resistance mechanisms. We continuously exposed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) A431 cells to KIR-deficient NK92-CD16V effector cells and the anti-EGFR cetuximab. Persistent ADCC exposure yielded ADCC-resistant cells (ADCCR1) that, compared with control ADCC-sensitive cells (ADCCS1), exhibited reduced EGFR expression, overexpression of histone- and interferon-related genes, and a failure to activate NK cells, without evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These properties gradually reversed following withdrawal of ADCC selection pressure. The development of resistance was associated with lower expression of multiple cell-surface molecules that contribute to cell-cell interactions and immune synapse formation. Classic immune checkpoints did not modulate ADCC in this unique model system of immune resistance. We showed that the induction of ADCC resistance involves genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a general loss of target cell adhesion properties that are required for the establishment of an immune synapse, killer cell activation, and target cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal S Aldeghaither
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David J Zahavi
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joseph C Murray
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Allison O'Connell
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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21
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Suárez H, Rocha-Perugini V, Álvarez S, Yáñez-Mó M. Tetraspanins, Another Piece in the HIV-1 Replication Puzzle. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1811. [PMID: 30127789 PMCID: PMC6088189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great research effort placed during the last decades in HIV-1 study, still some aspects of its replication cycle remain unknown. All this powerful research has succeeded in developing different drugs for AIDS treatment, but none of them can completely remove the virus from infected patients, who require life-long medication. The classical approach was focused on the study of virus particles as the main target, but increasing evidence highlights the importance of host cell proteins in HIV-1 cycle. In this context, tetraspanins have emerged as critical players in different steps of the viral infection cycle. Through their association with other molecules, including membrane receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, and signaling molecules, tetraspanins organize specialized membrane microdomains called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Within these microdomains, several tetraspanins have been described to regulate HIV-1 entry, assembly, and transfer between cells. Interestingly, the importance of tetraspanins CD81 and CD63 in the early steps of viral replication has been recently pointed out. Indeed, CD81 can control the turnover of the HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1. This deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase counteracts HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) in resting cells via its dual function as dNTPase, catalyzing deoxynucleotide triphosphates into deoxynucleosides and inorganic triphosphate, and as exonuclease able to degrade single-stranded RNAs. SAMHD1 has also been related with the detection of viral nucleic acids, regulating the innate immune response and would promote viral latency. New evidences demonstrating the ability of CD81 to control SAMHD1 expression, and as a consequence, HIV-1 RT activity, highlight the importance of TEMs for viral replication. Here, we will briefly review how tetraspanins modulate HIV-1 infection, focusing on the latest findings that link TEMs to viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Zöller M, Zhao K, Kutlu N, Bauer N, Provaznik J, Hackert T, Schnölzer M. Immunoregulatory Effects of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Exosomes in Mouse Model of Autoimmune Alopecia Areata. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 29951053 PMCID: PMC6008552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of autoimmune diseases still poses a major challenge, frequently relying on non-specific immunosuppressive drugs. Current efforts aim at reestablishing self tolerance using immune cells with suppressive activity like the regulatory T cells (Treg) or the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). We have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of MDSC in mouse Alopecia Areata (AA). In the same AA model, we now asked whether MDSC exosomes (MDSC-Exo) can replace MDSC. MDSC-Exo from bone marrow cells (BMC) cultures of healthy donors could substantially facilitate treatment. With knowledge on MDSC-Exo being limited, their suitability needs to be verified in advance. Protein marker profiles suggest comparability of BMC- to ex vivo collected inflammatory MDSC/MDSC-Exo in mice with a chronic contact dermatitis, which is a therapeutic option in AA. Proteome analyses substantiated a large overlap of function-relevant molecules in MDSC and MDSC-Exo. Furthermore, MDSC-Exo are taken up by T cells, macrophages, NK, and most avidly by Treg and MDSC-Exo uptake exceeds binding of MDSC themselves. In AA mice, MDSC-Exo preferentially target skin-draining lymph nodes and cells in the vicinity of remnant hair follicles. MDSC-Exo uptake is accompanied by a strong increase in Treg, reduced T helper proliferation, mitigated cytotoxic activity, and a slight increase in lymphocyte apoptosis. Repeated MDSC-Exo application in florid AA prevented progression and sufficed for partial hair regrowth. Deep sequencing of lymphocyte mRNA from these mice revealed a significant increase in immunoregulatory mRNA, including FoxP3 and arginase 1. Downregulated mRNA was preferentially engaged in prohibiting T cell hyperreactivity. Taken together, proteome analysis provided important insights into potential MDSC-Exo activities, these Exo preferentially homing into AA-affected organs. Most importantly, changes in leukocyte mRNA seen after treatment of AA mice with MDSC-Exo sustainably supports the strong impact on the adaptive and the non-adaptive immune system, with Treg expansion being a dominant feature. Thus, MDSC-Exo could potentially serve as therapeutic agents in treating AA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kun Zhao
- Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Kutlu
- Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bauer
- Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Provaznik
- Gene Core Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Pancreas Section, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Saiz ML, Rocha-Perugini V, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanins as Organizers of Antigen-Presenting Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1074. [PMID: 29875769 PMCID: PMC5974036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells. APCs internalize and process antigens, producing immunogenic peptides that enable antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, which provide the signals that trigger T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and lead to adaptive immune responses. After detection of microbial antigens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), APCs migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where antigen presentation to T lymphocytes takes place. Tetraspanins are membrane proteins that organize specialized membrane platforms, called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, which integrate membrane receptors, like PRR and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), adhesion proteins, and signaling molecules. Importantly, through the modulation of the function of their associated membrane partners, tetraspanins regulate different steps of the immune response. Several tetraspanins can positively or negatively regulate the activation threshold of immune receptors. They also play a role during migration of APCs by controlling the surface levels and spatial arrangement of adhesion molecules and their subsequent intracellular signaling. Finally, tetraspanins participate in antigen processing and are important for priming of naïve T cells through the control of T-cell co-stimulation and MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation. In this review, we discuss the role of tetraspanins in APC biology and their involvement in effective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Saiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Rocha-Perugini V, Suárez H, Álvarez S, López-Martín S, Lenzi GM, Vences-Catalán F, Levy S, Kim B, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Sánchez-Madrid F, Yáñez-Mó M. CD81 association with SAMHD1 enhances HIV-1 reverse transcription by increasing dNTP levels. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:1513-1522. [PMID: 28871089 PMCID: PMC5660623 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report that the tetraspanin CD81 enhances human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcription in HIV-1-infected cells. This is enabled by the direct interaction of CD81 with the deoxynucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase SAMHD1. This interaction prevents endosomal accumulation and favours the proteasome-dependent degradation of SAMHD1. Consequently, CD81 depletion results in SAMHD1 increased expression, decreasing the availability of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) and thus HIV-1 reverse transcription. Conversely, CD81 overexpression, but not the expression of a CD81 carboxy (C)-terminal deletion mutant, increases cellular dNTP content and HIV-1 reverse transcription. Our results demonstrate that the interaction of CD81 with SAMHD1 controls the metabolic rate of HIV-1 replication by tuning the availability of building blocks for reverse transcription, namely dNTPs. Together with its role in HIV-1 entry and budding into host cells, the data herein indicate that HIV-1 uses CD81 as a rheostat that controls different stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Henar Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Susana Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunobiología Molecular del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Gina M Lenzi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Felipe Vences-Catalán
- Division of Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5151, USA
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5151, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - María A Muñoz-Fernández
- Servicio de Inmunobiología Molecular del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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Mechanosensing in the immune response. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:137-145. [PMID: 28830744 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells have a remarkable ability to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their environment. Mechanosensing is essential for many phenomena, ranging from cell movements and tissue rearrangements to cell differentiation and the immune response. Cells of the immune system get activated when membrane receptors bind to cognate antigen on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Both T and B lymphocyte signaling has been shown to be responsive to physical forces and mechanical cues. Cytoskeletal forces exerted by cells likely mediate this mechanical modulation. Here, we discuss recent advances in the field of immune cell mechanobiology at the molecular and cellular scale.
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CD9 Regulates Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Trafficking in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00202-17. [PMID: 28533221 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00202-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) stimulates naive CD4+ T cells, triggering T cell activation and the adaptive arm of the immune response. Newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules accumulate at MHC-II-enriched endosomal compartments and are transported to the plasma membrane of DCs after binding to antigenic peptides to enable antigen presentation. In DCs, MHC-II molecules are included in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). However, the role of tetraspanin CD9 in these processes remains largely undefined. Here, we show that CD9 regulates the T cell-stimulatory capacity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), without affecting antigen presentation by fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)-dependent BMDCs. CD9 knockout (KO) GM-CSF-dependent BMDCs, which resemble monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), induce lower levels of T cell activation than wild-type DCs, and this effect is related to a reduction in MHC-II surface expression in CD9-deficient MoDCs. Importantly, MHC-II targeting to the plasma membrane is largely impaired in immature CD9 KO MoDCs, in which MHC-II remains arrested in acidic intracellular compartments enriched in LAMP-1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein 1), and MHC-II internalization is also blocked. Moreover, CD9 participates in MHC-II trafficking in mature MoDCs, regulating its endocytosis and recycling. Our results demonstrate that the tetraspanin CD9 specifically regulates antigenic presentation in MoDCs through the regulation of MHC-II intracellular trafficking.
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Hough KP, Chanda D, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Deshane JS. Exosomes in immunoregulation of chronic lung diseases. Allergy 2017; 72:534-544. [PMID: 27859351 DOI: 10.1111/all.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that transport cargo including DNA, RNA, and proteins, between cells as a form of intercellular communication. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, exosomes are beginning to be appreciated as agents of immunoregulation that can modulate antigen presentation, immune activation, suppression, and surveillance. This article summarizes how these multifaceted functions of exosomes may promote development and/or progression of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. The potential of exosomes as a novel therapeutic is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Hough
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - D. Chanda
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - S. R. Duncan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - V. J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - J. S. Deshane
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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28
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Bustos-Morán E, Blas-Rus N, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Orchestrating Lymphocyte Polarity in Cognate Immune Cell-Cell Interactions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:195-261. [PMID: 27692176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune synapse (IS) is a specialized structure established between different immune cells that fulfills several functions, including a role as a communication bridge. This intimate contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell promotes the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes involved in the contact. T-cell activation requires the specific triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR), which promotes the activation of different signaling pathways inducing the polarization of the T cell. During this process, different adhesion and signaling receptors reorganize at specialized membrane domains, concomitantly to the polarization of the tubulin and actin cytoskeletons, forming stable polarization platforms. The centrosome also moves toward the IS, driving the movement of different organelles, such as the biosynthetic, secretory, degrading machinery, and mitochondria, to sustain T-cell activation. A proper orchestration of all these events is essential for T-cell effector functions and the accomplishment of a complete immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bustos-Morán
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Blas-Rus
- Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
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