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Wang J, Jia M, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Wang Z. Biodegradable microplastics pose greater risks than conventional microplastics to soil properties, microbial community and plant growth, especially under flooded conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172949. [PMID: 38703848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (bio-plastics) are often viewed as viable option for mitigating plastic pollution. Nevertheless, the information regarding the potential risks of microplastics (MPs) released from bio-plastics in soil, particularly in flooded soils, is lacking. Here, our objective was to investigate the effect of polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) and polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) on soil properties, microbial community and plant growth under both non-flooded and flooded conditions. Our results demonstrated that PLA-MPs dramatically increased soil labile carbon (C) content and altered its composition and chemodiversity. The enrichment of labile C stimulated microbial N immobilization, resulting in a depletion of soil mineral nitrogen (N). This specialized environment created by PLA-MPs further filtered out specific microbial species, resulting in a low diversity and simplified microbial community. PLA-MPs caused an increase in denitrifiers (Noviherbaspirillum and Clostridium sensu stricto) and a decrease in nitrifiers (Nitrospira, MND1, and Ellin6067), potentially exacerbating the mineral N deficiency. The mineral N deficit caused by PLA-MPs inhibited wheatgrass growth. Conversely, PE-MPs had less effect on soil ecosystems, including soil properties, microbial community and wheatgrass growth. Overall, our study emphasizes that PLA-MPs cause more adverse effect on the ecosystem than PE-MPs in the short term, and that flooded conditions exacerbate and prolong these adverse effects. These results offer valuable insights for evaluating the potential threats of bio-MPs in both uplands and wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minghao Jia
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Banerjee S, Ghosh S, Chakraborty S, Sarkar D, Datta R, Bhattacharyya P. Synergistic impact of bioavailable PHEs and alkalinity on microbial diversity and traits in agricultural soil adjacent to chromium-asbestos mines. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124021. [PMID: 38657890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities undergo constant fluctuations, particularly in response to environmental factors. Although the deposition of toxic mine waste is recognized for introducing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) into the soil, its specific impacts on microbial communities remain unclear. This study aims to explore the combined effects of soil alkalinity and bioavailable PHEs on microbial diversity and traits in agricultural soil adjacent to a chromium-asbestos mining area. By employing a comprehensive analysis, this study indicated that microbiological attributes were reduced in contaminated areas (zone 1), whereas both the levels of bioavailable PHEs (CrWs: 31.08 mg/kg, NiWs: 13.90 mg/kg) and alkalinity indices (CROSS, MCAR, MH) were significantly higher. The spatial distribution of soil alkalinity and bioavailable PHEs, primarily originating from chromium-asbestos mines, has been determined. This study also elucidates the negative relationship between soil stressors (Alkalinity and PHEs) and microbial activities (soil enzymatic activity, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon). The vector's length exhibited a notable difference between zone 1 (0.51) and zone 2 (0.32), indicating a substantial limitation on carbon (C). Also, the investigation of soil bacterial diversity unveiled notable disparities in the prevalence of microbial populations inside zone 1. Proteobacteria constituted 57.18% of the total population indicating a noteworthy prevalence in the contaminated soils. Finally, the random forest (RF) algorithm from machine learning was selected and proven to be a robust choice in Taylor diagrams for predicting the causative stressors responsible for the deterioration of soil microbial health. Therefore, this research offers insights into the health and resilience of soil microbial communities under synergistic stress conditions, which will aid environmentalists in planning future interventions and improving sustainable farming techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Banerjee
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India
| | - Saibal Ghosh
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India
| | - Shreya Chakraborty
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, USA
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India.
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Yu Y, Chen H, Chen G, Su W, Hua M, Wang L, Yan X, Wang S, Wang Y. Deciphering the crop-soil-enzyme C:N:P stoichiometry nexus: A 5-year study on manure-induced changes in soil phosphorus transformation and release risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173226. [PMID: 38768729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry plays a vital role in regulating P transformation in agriculture ecosystems. However, the impact of balanced C:N:P stoichiometry in paddy soil, particularly regarding relative soil P transformation, remains unknown. This study explores the response of C:N:P stoichiometry to manure substitution and its regulatory role in soil P transformation, along with the associated release risk to the environment. Based on a 5-year field study, our findings reveal that replacing 30 % of chemical P fertilizer with pig manure (equal total NPK amounts with chemical P fertilizer treatment, named CFM) increased soil total C without altering soil total P, resulting in an elevated soil C:P ratio, despite the homeostasis of crop stoichiometry. This increase promoted microbial diversity and the accumulation of organic P in the soil. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria produced lower C:PEEA metabolism together, and enhanced in vivo turnover of P. Additionally, by integrating high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper), diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), DGT-induced fluxes in the soil (DIFS), and sediment P release risk index (SPRRI) models, we observed that, in addition to organic P, CFM simultaneously increased soil Al-P, thereby weakening the diffusion and resupply capacity of P from soil solids to the solution. Consequently, this decrease in P release risk to the environment was demonstrated. Overall, this study establishes a connection between crop-soil-enzyme C:N:P stoichiometry, soil microorganisms, and soil P biogeochemical processes. The study further evaluates the P release risk to the environment, providing a novel perspective on both the direct and indirect effects of manure substitution on soil P cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Weihua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Mingxiu Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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4
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Zhou X, Luo X, Liu K, Zheng T, Ling P, Huang J, Chen W, Huang Q. Importance of soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry for efficient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142348. [PMID: 38759803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Efficient remediation of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. To determine whether soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry influences PAH degradation under biostimulation and bioaugmentation, this study initially characterized soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry via a PAH degradation experiment and subsequently designed a validation experiment to answer this question. The results showed that inoculation of PAH degradation consortia ZY-PHE plus vanillate efficiently degraded phenanthrene with a K value of 0.471 (depending on first-order kinetics), followed by treatment with ZY-PHE and control. Ecoenzyme stoichiometry data revealed that the EEAC:N, vector length and angle increased before day five and decreased during the degradation process. In contrast, EEAN:P decreased and then increased. These results indicated that the rapid PAH degradation period induced more C limitation and organic P mineralization. Correlation analysis indicated that the degradation rate K was negatively correlated with vector length, EEAC:P, and EEAN:P, suggesting that C limitation and relatively less efficient P mineralization could inhibit biodegradation. Therefore, incorporating liable carbon and acid phosphatase or soluble P promoted PAH degradation in soils with ZY-PHE. This study provides novel insights into the relationship between soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry and PAH degradation. It is suggested that soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry be evaluated before designing bioremeiation stragtegies for PAH contanminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuesong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kangzhi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianao Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Kang H, Xue Y, Cui Y, Moorhead DL, Lambers H, Wang D. Nutrient limitation mediates soil microbial community structure and stability in forest restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173266. [PMID: 38759924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are often limited by nutrients, representing an important control of heterotrophic metabolic processes. However, how nutrient limitations relate to microbial community structure and stability remains unclear, which creates a knowledge gap to understanding microbial biogeography and community changes during forest restoration. Here, we combined an eco-enzymatic stoichiometry model and high-throughput DNA sequencing to assess the potential roles of nutrient limitation on microbial community structure, assembly, and stability along a forest restoration sequence in the Qinling Mountains, China. Results showed that nutrient limitations tended to decrease during the oak forest restoration. Carbon and phosphorus limitations enhanced community dissimilarity and significantly increased bacterial alpha diversity, but not fungal diversity. Stochastic assembly processes primarily structured both bacterial (average contribution of 74.73 % and 74.17 % in bulk and rhizosheath soils, respectively) and fungal (average contribution of 77.23 % and 72.04 % in bulk and rhizosheath soils, respectively) communities during forest restoration, with nutrient limitation also contributing to the importance of stochastic processes in the bacterial communities. The migration rate (m) for bacteria was 0.19 and 0.23, respectively in both bulk soil and rhizosheath soil, and was greater than that for the fungi (m was 1.19 and 1.41, respectively), indicating a stronger dispersal limitation for fungal communities. Finally, nutrient limitations significantly affected bacterial and fungal co-occurrence with more interconnections occurring among weakly nutrient-limited microbial taxa and nutrient limitations reducing community stability when nutrient availability changed during forest restoration. Our findings highlight the fundamental effects of nutrient limitations on microbial communities and their self-regulation under changing environmental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Yue Xue
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo 43606, USA
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Dexiang Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhou T, Lv Q, Zhang L, Fan J, Wang T, Meng Y, Xia H, Ren X, Hu S. Converted paddy to upland in saline-sodic land could improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality by enhancing soil quality and alleviating microbial metabolism limitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171707. [PMID: 38490429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the major soil degradation threats worldwide, and parameters related to soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) are crucial for evaluating the success of reclamation efforts in saline-sodic wasteland (WL). Microbial metabolic limitation is also one of the main factors that influences EMF in agricultural cropping systems. A ten-year localization experiment was conducted to reveal the key predictors of soil quality index (SQI) values, microbial metabolic characteristics, and EMF in different farmland cropping systems. A random forest model showed that the β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiosidase (CBH) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) of the SQI factors were the main driving forces of soil EMF. Compared to monoculture models, such as paddy field (PF) or upland field (UF), the converted paddy field to upland field (CF) cropping system was most effective at improving EMF in reclaimed saline-sodic WL, increasing this metric by 275.35 %. CF integrates practices from both PF and UF planting systems, improved soil quality and relieves microbial metabolic limitation. Specifically, both CF and PF significantly reduced soil pH (by 16-23 %) and sodium adsorption ration (SAR) (by 65-83 %) and significantly reduced the abundance of large macroaggregates. Moreover, CF significantly improved soil saturated hydraulic conductivity relative to PF and UF (p < 0.05), indicating an improvement in soil physical properties. Overall, although reclamation improved SQI compared to WL (0.25), the EMF of CF (0.56) was significantly higher than that of other treatments (p < 0.05). Thus, while increasing SQI can improve soil EMF, it was not as effective alone as it was when combined with more comprehensive efforts that focus on improving various soil properties and alleviating microbial metabolic limitations. Therefore, our results suggested that future saline-sodic wasteland reclamation efforts should avoid monoculture systems to enhance soil EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairan Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qilin Lv
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingbiao Fan
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tianhao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunshan Meng
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haiyang Xia
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueqin Ren
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shuwen Hu
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Liu L, Gao Z, Li H, Yang W, Yang Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Liu J. Thresholds of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input Substantially Alter Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Wheat Yield in Dryland Farmland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10236-10246. [PMID: 38647353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are essential for preserving the multifunctionality of ecosystems. The nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) threshold that causes notable variations in the AM fungus community of the soil and plant productivity is still unclear. Herein, a long-term (18 years) field experiment with five N and five P fertilizer levels was conducted to investigate the change patterns of soil AM fungus, multifunctionality, and wheat yield. High-N and -P fertilizer inputs did not considerably increase the wheat yield. In the AM fungal network, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between ecosystem multifunctionality and the biodiversity of two primary ecological clusters (N: Module #0 and P: Module #3). Furthermore, fertilizer input thresholds for N (92-160 kg ha-1) and P (78-100 kg ha-1) significantly altered the AM fungal community, soil characteristics, and plant productivity. Our study provided a basis for reduced N and P fertilizer application and sustainable agricultural development from the aspect of soil AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Xing Y, Qiu J, Chen J, Cheng D, Yin Q, Chen X, Xu L, Zheng P. Unveiling hidden interactions: Microorganisms, enzymes, and mangroves at different stages of succession in the Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171340. [PMID: 38438047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between microorganisms, soil extracellular enzymes, and mangroves is crucial for conserving and restoring mangrove ecosystems. However, the unique environments associated with mangroves have resulted in a lack of pertinent data regarding the interactions between these components. Root, stem, leaf, and soil samples were collected at three distinct stages of mangrove succession. Stoichiometry was employed to analyze the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of these samples and to quantify extracellular enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and various physicochemical factors in the soil. The results showed that the trends of C, N, and P in the mangrove plants were consistent. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were the highest in the Kandelia obovate community. Catalase (CAT) and β-D-G showed the highest content in K. obovate and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, whereas cellulase showed the opposite trend. Urease was least abundant in the K. obovate community, whereas neutral protease (NPR) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were most abundant. The overall soil environment in mangroves exhibited a state of N limitation, with varying degrees of limitation observed across different succession stages. The demand for P became more intense in the later stages of succession, particularly in the K. obovate and B. gymnorrhiza communities. In conjunction with correlation analysis, it indicated that the input of mangrove plant litter had a significant regulatory influence on the C, N, and P contents in the soil. There was a significant positive correlation between MBC, MBN, and MBP, indicating synergistic effects of C, N, and P on soil microorganisms. Therefore, evaluating the nutrient ratios and sufficiency of mangroves allowed us to comprehensively understand the present environmental conditions. This study aims to develop sustainable management strategies for the conservation and restoration of mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China.
| | - Dewei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Qunjian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
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Zhao H, Zhang S, Yang W, Xia F, Guo H, Tan Q. Coupling and decoupling of soil carbon and nutrients cycles at different salinity levels in a mangrove wetland: Insights from CUE and enzymatic stoichiometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171039. [PMID: 38369143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling, in conjunction with microbial metabolism, varies significantly with salinity in coastal areas. However, microbial metabolism limitation on salinity levels has received limited attention. Based on soil microbial carbon use efficiency and enzymatic stoichiometry, microbial nutrient limitation characteristics of soil microbial communities in different salinity levels (4.45 mS·cm-1 - 17.25 mS·cm-1) in a subtropical mangrove wetland were investigated. Compared to low-salinity levels, the activity of soil C-acquiring enzyme activities, enzymatic C:N ratios and enzymatic C:P ratios decreased with medium salinity levels and high salinity levels. Soil microbial metabolism was primarily constrained by C and N at different salinity levels. Boosted regression tree analysis revealed that abiotic factors had the greatest influence on C and N limitation of microbial metabolism at different salinity levels. This study underscores the significance of salinity in microbial metabolic processes and enhances our understanding of how future salinity changes induced by rising sea levels will affect soil carbon and nutrient cycling in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Ecological Sciences and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongjiang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Du T, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Xu Z, Tan B, You C, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu S, Xu H, Xu L, Li H. Decreased snow depth inhibits litter decomposition via changes in litter microbial biomass and enzyme activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171078. [PMID: 38382615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Decreased snow depth resulting from global warming has the potential to significantly impact biogeochemical cycles in cold forests. However, the specific mechanisms of how snow reduction affects litter decomposition and the underlying microbial processes remain unclear, this knowledge gap limits our ability to precisely predict ecological processes within cold forest ecosystems under climate change. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in a subalpine forest in southwestern China, involving a gradient of snow reduction levels (control, 50 %, 100 %) to investigate the effects of decreased snow on litter decomposition, as well as microbial biomass and activity, specifically focused on two common species: red birch (Betula albosinensis) and masters larch (Larix mastersiana). After one year of incubation, the decomposition rate (k-value) of the two types of litter ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 across three snow treatments. A significant lower litter mass loss, microbial biomass and enzyme activity were observed under decreased snow depth in winter. Furthermore, a hysteresis inhibitory effect of snow reduction on hydrolase activity was observed in the following growing season. Additionally, the high initial quality (lower C/N ratio) of red birch litter facilitated the colonization by a greater quantity of microorganisms, making it more susceptible to snow reduction compared to the low-quality masters larch litter. Structural equation models indicated that decreased snow depth hindered litter decomposition by altering the biological characterization of litter (e.g., microbial biomass and enzyme activity) and environmental variables (e.g., mean temperature and moisture content). The findings suggest that the potential decline in snow depth could inhibit litter decomposition by reducing microbial biomass and activity, implying that the future climate change may alter the material cycling processes in subalpine forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Du
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hemeng Zhu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sining Liu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Wang S, Du Y, Liu S, Pan J, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Dong Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Wang G, Xu Z. Response of C:N:P stoichiometry to long-term drainage of peatlands: Evidence from plant, soil, and enzyme. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170688. [PMID: 38320702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Drought induced by climate warming and human activities regulates carbon (C) cycling of peatlands by changing plant community composition and soil properties. Estimating the responses of peatlands C cycling to environmental changes requires further study of C: nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometric ratios of soil, plants, and enzyme activities. However, systematic studies on the stoichiometry of above-ground and below-ground ecosystems of peatlands post drainage remain scarce. This study compared stoichimetric ratios of plant and soil and stoichimetric ratios of enzyme activities with different functions in two different parts of a minerotrophic peatland, a natural undisturbed part and a part that had been drained for almost 50 years, in Northern China. For the shrub plants, the average C:N:P ratios of leaf in natural and drained peatland were 448:17:1 and 393:15:1, respectively. This indicated that the growth rate of shrub plants is higher in the drained peatland than in the natural peatland, which makes P element more concentrated in the photosynthetic site. However, from the perspective of the dominant plant, the mean C:N:P ratio of Carex leaf was 650:25:1 in the natural peatland, but was 1028:50:1 for Dasiphora fruticosa in drained peatland. This indicated that the intensification of P-limitation of plant growth after drainage. Soil C:N:P ratios of above water table depth (AWT) were 238:15:1 and 277:12:1, but were 383:17:1 and 404:19:1 for below water table depth (BWT) in the natural and the drained peatland, respectively. Soil C:P ratios were greater than the threshold elemental ratio of C:P (174:1), but the soil C:N ratios were less than the threshold elemental ratio of C:N (23:1), which suggested that P was the most limiting nutrient of soil. The soil microbial activities were co-limited by C&P in Baijianghe peatlands. However, the microbial metabolic P limitation was intensified, but the C limitation was weakened for the above water table depth soil after long-term drainage. There are connection between plant-microbe P limitation in peatlands. The P limitation of microbial metabolism was significant positively correlated with soil C:N but negatively with soil moisture. The increase in the lignocelluloses index suggested considerable decomposition of soil organic matter after peatland drainage. These results of stoichiometric ratios from above- to below ground could provide scientific base for the C cycling of peatland undergone climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains (Xing'an CZO), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingzhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanmin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chiese Academy of Sciences, Changhchun 130102, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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12
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Yu H, Li P, Bo G, Shen G. Studies on the humic acid structure and microbial nutrient restriction mechanism during organic-inorganic co-composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120186. [PMID: 38278109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The effects of inorganic fertilizer addition method on the organic-inorganic co-composting process, especially the structure of humic acid and the mechanism of microbial nutrient restriction, are unclear. In this article, the effects of one-time and fractional addition of inorganic fertilizer on the structure of humic acid, extracellular enzyme activity, extracellular enzyme stoichiometry and the culturable growth-promoting bacteria during organic-inorganic co-composting were determined. The results showed that the addition of inorganic fertilizer promoted the humification degree of compost. Compared nitrogen with phosphorus, the fermentation microorganism behaved as N-restricted throughout the process. Compared one-time addition with fractional addition of inorganic treatments, the TOC, WSOC, NO3--N and humic acid content in the mature compost of the one-time addition treatment were higher. The contents of nitrogen, oxygen, the carboxyl functional groups, aromatic compounds, and the nitrogen/carbon atomic ratio in the humic acid structure increased as the composting process proceeded, while the contents of hydrogen, aliphatic substances, and the hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio decreased, and the elemental composition and structural changes of humic acids indicated that the humification degree of the one-time addition treatment was higher. The addition of inorganic fertilizer increased the relative abundances of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis in the mature compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Laoshan Dist, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Panpan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Laoshan Dist, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao Branch of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.168 Wannianquan Road, Laoshan Dist, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Guodong Bo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Laoshan Dist, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Guoming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Laoshan Dist, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Zhu Q, Liu L, Liu J, Wan Y, Yang R, Mou J, He Q, Tang S, Dan X, Wu Y, Zhu T, Meng L, Elrys AS, Müller C, Zhang J. Land Use Change from Natural Tropical Forests to Managed Ecosystems Reduces Gross Nitrogen Production Rates and Increases the Soil Microbial Nitrogen Limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2786-2797. [PMID: 38311839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of soil microbial nitrogen (N) utilization under land use change is critical to evaluating soil N availability or limitation and its environmental consequences. A combination of soil gross N production and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry provides a promising avenue for nutrient limitation assessment in soil microbial metabolism. Gross N production via 15N tracing and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry through the vector and threshold element ratio (Vector-TER) model were quantified to evaluate the soil microbial N limitation in response to land use changes. We used tropical soil samples from a natural forest ecosystem and three managed ecosystems (paddy, rubber, and eucalyptus sites). Soil extracellular enzyme activities were significantly lower in managed ecosystems than in a natural forest. The Vector-TER model results indicated microbial carbon (C) and N limitations in the natural forest soil, and land use change from the natural forest to managed ecosystems increased the soil microbial N limitation. The soil microbial N limitation was positively related to gross N mineralization (GNM) and nitrification (GN) rates. The decrease in microbial biomass C and N as well as hydrolyzable ammonium N in managed ecosystems led to the decrease in N-acquiring enzymes, inhibiting GNM and GN rates and ultimately increasing the microbial N limitation. Soil GNM was also positively correlated with leucine aminopeptidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The results highlight that converting tropical natural forests to managed ecosystems can increase the soil microbial N limitation through reducing the soil microbial biomass and gross N production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Yunnan AgriculturalUniversity, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunxing Wan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiuxiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen 35392, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Duan X, Li J, He W, Huang J, Xiong W, Chi S, Luo S, Liu J, Zhang X, Li J. Microbial diversity and their extracellular enzyme activities among different soil particle sizes in mossy biocrust under N limitation in the southeastern Tengger Desert, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328641. [PMID: 38357343 PMCID: PMC10866007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mossy biocrust represents a stable stage in the succession of biological soil crust in arid and semi-arid areas, providing a microhabitat that maintains microbial diversity. However, the impact of mossy biocrust rhizoid soil and different particle sizes within the mossy biocrust layer and sublayer on microbial diversity and soil enzyme activities remains unclear. Methods This study utilized Illumina MiSeq sequencing and high-throughput fluorometric technique to assess the differences in microbial diversity and soil extracellular enzymes between mossy biocrust rhizoid soil and different particle sizes within the mossy biocrust sifting and sublayer soil. Results The results revealed that the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) in mossy biocrust rhizoid soil were the highest, with significantly higher TOC, TN, and total phosphorus (TP) in mossy biocrust sifting soil than those in mossy biocrust sublayer soil. Extracellular enzyme activities (EAAs) exhibited different responses to various soil particle sizes in mossy biocrust. Biocrust rhizoid soil (BRS) showed higher C-degrading enzyme activity and lower P-degrading enzyme activity, leading to a significant increase in enzyme C: P and N: P ratios. Mossy biocrust soils were all limited by microbial relative nitrogen while pronounced relative nitrogen limitation and microbial maximum relative carbon limitation in BRS. The diversity and richness of the bacterial community in the 0.2 mm mossy biocrust soil (BSS0.2) were notably lower than those in mossy biocrust sublayer, whereas the diversity and richness of the fungal community in the rhizoid soil were significantly higher than those in mossy biocrust sublayer. The predominant bacterial phyla in mossy biocrust were Actinobacteriota, Protebacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota, whereas in BSS0.2, the predominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteriota, Protebacteria, and Cyanobacteria. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla in mossy biocrust. The bacterial and fungal community species composition exhibited significant differences. The mean proportions of Actinobacteriota, Protebacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidota varied significantly between mossy biocrust rhizoid and different particle sizes of mossy biocrust sifting and sublayer soil (p < 0.05). Similarly, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the mean proportions of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota between mossy biocrust rhizoid and different particle sizes within the mossy biocrust sifting and sublayer soil. The complexity and connectivity of bacterial and fungal networks were higher in mossy biocrust rhizoid soil compared with different particle sizes within the mossy biocrust sifting and sublayer soil. Discussion These results offer valuable insights to enhance our understanding of the involvement of mossy biocrust in the biogeochemical cycle of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Duan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wangping He
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wanxiang Xiong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shijia Chi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Siyuan Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Gao D, Liu S, Gao F, Ning C, Wu X, Yan W, Smith A. Response of soil micro-food web to nutrient limitation along a subtropical forest restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168349. [PMID: 37963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem productivity and function is strongly influenced by the interaction between soil organisms and their resource use that can be impeded by an imbalance of ecological stoichiometry. Soil microorganisms are known to have an important role in biogeochemical cycling which is strongly influenced by ecological stoichiometry. However, there is limited understanding of how soil micro-food web respond to stoichiometric imbalances during forest restoration. Here, we investigated the effect of forest restoration on soil physio-chemical properties and the structure and function of soil micro-food web along a chronosequence of transformation stages: (i) early stage monoculture plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) comprised of three age classes (5, 10 and 20 years); (ii) mid-stage conifer-broadleaved mixed forest; and (iii) late-stage mixed species broadleaved forest in south China. Results showed that forest restoration from C. lanceolata monocultures to mixed species broadleaved forest significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes abundance increased and the co-occurrence networks of soil biota became more complex and stable along the restoration chronosequence. In contrast, soil nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, particularly phosphorus limitation, increased along the chronosequence. In addition, soil exoenzyme activity suggested that the microbial investment in resource acquisition shifted from C- to nutrient-acquiring enzymes from the earlier to the later restoration stages. Availability of soil resources (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, and available phosphate) appeared to have an important role in regulating soil food web composition, structure and stability during forest restoration. We conclude that nutrient limitation, particularly phosphorus limitation, likely has an important role in determining the stability of soil food webs during forest restoration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationships between soil nutrient limitation and soil micro-food web, and have implications for carbon sequestration through forest restoration and management in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Chen Ning
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Andy Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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Tang Y, Li G, Iqbal B, Tariq M, Rehman A, Khan I, Du D. Soil nutrient levels regulate the effect of soil microplastic contamination on microbial element metabolism and carbon use efficiency. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115640. [PMID: 37922780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental contaminants in soil ecosystems that disrupt the soil carbon (C) pool. Therefore, the response of microbial metabolism to MP-contaminated soil is crucial for soil-C stabilization. We undertook factorial experiments in a greenhouse with three types of soil microplastics with three levels of soil nutrients and undertook soil physiochemical analyses after 60 days. The present study revealed how the presence of degradable polylactic acid (PLA) and non-degradable polyethylene (PE) MPs affects soil microbial nutrient limitation and C use efficiency (CUE) at varying nutrient concentrations. The presence of PLA in soil with low nutrient levels led to a significant increase (29%) in the activities of nitrogen (N)-acquiring enzymes. In contrast, the presence of MPs had no effect on C- and N-acquiring enzymes. The occurrence of PE caused a 41% reduction in microbial C limitation in high-nutrient soils, and microbial nutrient metabolism was limited by the occurrence of MPs in soils amended with nutrients. A strong positive correlation between microbial C and nutrient limitation in the soil indicates that addressing C limitation followed by amendment of soil with MPs could potentially intensify microbial N limitation in soils with varying nutrients. In comparison, the microbial CUE increased by 10% with the application of degradable MPs (PLA) to soils with a low nutrient status. These findings highlight the significant influence of both degradable PLA and non-degradable PE MPs on soil microbial processes and C dynamics. In conclusion, PLA enhances metabolic efficiency in nutrient-rich soils, potentially aiding C utilization, whereas PE reduces microbial C limitation, offering promise for soil C sequestration strategies. Our findings underscore the importance of considering MPs in soil ecosystem studies and in broader sustainability efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Khan
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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17
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Qiu M, Wang Y, Sun C, Gao X. Dry-wet cycling area enhances soil ecosystem multifunctionality in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of the Caohai Lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116363-116375. [PMID: 37910349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbial need for nutrient resources can be assessed by soil extracellular enzymes and their stoichiometry. Changes in lake water levels affect land use and nutrient management in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of the lakeshore. However, the drivers of changes in microbial nutrient limitation under different inundation gradients in the lake's aquatic-terrestrial ecotones remain unclear. Here, based on vector analysis, we assessed microbial nutrient limitation by studying soil enzyme activities in four different inundation zones (heavy, moderate, mild, and non-inundation) in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of Caohai Lake. The findings indicate that inundation conditions significantly influenced the soil properties and enzyme activities. The mean nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition enzymes were higher in both moderate inundation (Mod-inu) and mild inundation (Mil-inu) zone soils, indicating rapid N and P turnover rates in these two zones. However, microorganisms had higher carbon requirements and higher enzyme C:N and vector lengths in heavily inundated compared to lightly inundated. Compared to the non-inundation zone, the microbial phosphorus limitation was found to be most severe in heavy inundation (Hea-inu) and Mod-inu zones. Decreased phosphorus limitation following the inundation weakens could be contributed to improving soil ecosystem multifunctionality. The alterations in the soil extracellular enzymes and stoichiometric characteristics in various inundation zones were primarily influenced by factors such as soil moisture content, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen. Overall, the Mod-inu and Mil-inu zones can better maintain the multifunctionality of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; special attention should be given to the microbial phosphorus limitation in the Hea-inu zone in order to effectively manage nutrients and restore soil ecosystems in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosheng Qiu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Caili Sun
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xiaoye Gao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Luo F, Liu W, Mi W, Ma X, Liu K, Ju Z, Li W. Legume-grass mixtures increase forage yield by improving soil quality in different ecological regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280771. [PMID: 37929174 PMCID: PMC10620939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Information on the relationship between soil quality and forage yield of legume-grass mixtures in different ecological regions can guide decision-making to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable pasture production. This study's objective was to assess the effects of different cropping systems on soil physical properties, nitrogen fractions, enzyme activities, and forage yield and determine suitable legume-grass mixtures for different ecoregions. Methods Oats (Avena sativa L.), forage peas (Pisum sativum L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and fava beans (Vicia faba L.) were grown in monocultures and mixtures (YS: oats and forage peas; YJ: oats and common vetch; YC: oats and fava beans) in three ecological regions (HZ: Huangshui Valley; GN: Sanjiangyuan District; MY: Qilian Mountains Basin) in a split-plot design. Results The results showed that the forage yield decreased with increasing altitude, with an order of GN (3203 m a.s.l.; YH 8.89 t·ha-1) < HZ (2661 m; YH 9.38 t·ha-1) < MY (2513m; YH 9.78 t·ha-1). Meanwhile, the forage yield was higher for mixed crops than for single crops in all ecological regions. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, the contents of total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil organic matter (SOM), soluble organic nitrogen (SON), urease (UE), nitrate reductase (NR), sucrase (SC), and bacterial community alpha diversity, as well as relative abundance of dominant bacteria, were higher for mixed crops than for oats unicast. In addition, soil physical properties, nitrogen fractions, and enzyme activities varied in a wider range in the 0-10 cm soil layer than in the 10-20 cm layer, with larger values in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer. MBN, SON, UE, SC and catalase (CAT) were significantly and positively correlated with forage yield (P < 0.05). Ammonium nitrogen (ANN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), SOM and cropping systems (R) were significantly and positively correlated with Shannon and bacterial community (P < 0.05). The highest yields in the three ecological regions were 13.00 t·ha-1 for YS in MY, 10.59 t·ha-1 for YC in GN, and 10.63 t·ha-1 for YS in HZ. Discussion We recommend planting oats and forage peas in the Qilian Mountains Basin, oats and fava beans in the Sanjiangyuan District, and oats and forage peas in Huangshui valley. Our results provide new insights into eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective forage production in the Qinghai Alpine Region in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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19
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Feng L, Cao B, Wang X. Response of soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry to short-term warming and phosphorus addition in desert steppe. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16227. [PMID: 37872947 PMCID: PMC10590576 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphorus (P) is regarded as one of the major limiting factors in grassland ecosystems. Soil available phosphorus deficiency could affect soil extracellular enzyme activity, which is essential for microbial metabolism. Yet it is still unclear how soil available phosphorus affects soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe in the context of climate warming. Methods This study carried out a short-term open-top chambers (OTCs) experiment in a desert steppe to examine the effects of warming, P addition, and their interaction on soil properties, the activities of soil extracellular enzymes, and stoichiometries. Results The findings demonstrated that soil acquisition enzyme stoichiometry of C: N: P was 1.2:1:1.5 in this experiment region, which deviated from the global mean scale (1:1:1). Warming increased soil AN (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) contents and decreased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Phosphorus addition raised soil available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents. Soil extracellular enzyme activities and stoichiometries in desert steppe are largely impacted by soil AN, MBC: MBP, and MBN: MBP. These results revealed that the changes of soil available nutrients and stoichiometries induced by short-term warming and P addition could influence soil microbial activities and alleviate soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation. Our findings highlight that soil available phosphorus played a critical role in regulating soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe. Further research on soil microbial communities should explore the microbiological mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Northwest Degraded Ecosystem Recovery and Reconstruction, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Northwest Degraded Ecosystem Recovery and Reconstruction, Yinchuan, China
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20
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He P, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Ling N, Nan Z. Microbial carbon use efficiency in different ecosystems: A meta-analysis based on a biogeochemical equilibrium model. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4758-4774. [PMID: 37431700 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a crucial parameter that can be used to evaluate the partitioning of soil carbon (C) between microbial growth and respiration. However, general patterns of microbial CUE among terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., farmland, grassland, and forest) remain controversial. To address this knowledge gap, data from 41 study sites (n = 197 soil samples) including 58 farmlands, 95 forests, and 44 grasslands were collected and analyzed to estimate microbial CUEs using a biogeochemical equilibrium model. We also evaluated the metabolic limitations of microbial growth using an enzyme vector model and the drivers of CUE across different ecosystems. The CUEs obtained from soils of farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were significantly different with means of 0.39, 0.33, and 0.42, respectively, illustrating that grassland soils exhibited higher microbial C sequestration potentials (p < .05). Microbial metabolic limitations were also distinct in these ecosystems, and carbon limitation was dominant exhibiting strong negative effects on CUE. Exoenzyme stoichiometry played a greater role in impacting CUE values than soil elemental stoichiometry within each ecosystem. Specifically, soil exoenzymatic ratios of C:phosphorus (P) acquisition activities (EEAC:P ) and the exoenzymatic ratio of C:nitrogen (N) acquisition activities (EEAC:N ) imparted strong negative effects on soil microbial CUE in grassland and forest ecosystems, respectively. But in farmland soils, EEAC:P exhibited greater positive effects, showing that resource constraints could regulate microbial resource allocation with discriminating patterns across terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, mean annual temperature (MAT) rather than mean annual precipitation (MAP) was a critical climate factor affecting CUE, and soil pH as a major factor remained positive to drive the changes in microbial CUE within ecosystems. This research illustrates a conceptual framework of microbial CUEs in terrestrial ecosystems and provides the theoretical evidence to improve soil microbial C sequestration capacity in response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Li H, Lu Z, Hao MS, Kvammen A, Inman AR, Srivastava V, Bulone V, McKee LS. Family 92 carbohydrate-binding modules specific for β-1,6-glucans increase the thermostability of a bacterial chitinase. Biochimie 2023; 212:153-160. [PMID: 37121306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In biomass-processing industries there is a need for enzymes that can withstand high temperatures. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to finding new thermostable enzymes as well as developing new means of stabilising existing enzymes. The attachment of a stable non-catalytic domain to an enzyme can, in some instances, protect a biocatalyst from thermal denaturation. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are non-catalytic domains typically found appended to biomass-degrading or modifying enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Most often, CBMs interact with the same polysaccharide as their enzyme partners, leading to an enhanced reaction rate via the promotion of enzyme-substrate interactions. Contradictory to this general concept, we show an example of a chitin-degrading enzyme from GH family 18 that is appended to two CBM domains from family 92, both of which bind preferentially to the non-substrate polysaccharide β-1,6-glucan. During chitin hydrolysis, the CBMs do not contribute to enzyme-substrate interactions but instead confer a 10-15 °C increase in enzyme thermal stability. We propose that CBM92 domains may have a natural enzyme stabilisation role in some cases, which may be relevant to enzyme design for high-temperature applications in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zijia Lu
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng-Shu Hao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Kvammen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie R Inman
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cui Y, Peng S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Rillig MC, Terrer C, Zhu B, Jing X, Chen J, Li J, Feng J, He Y, Fang L, Moorhead DL, Sinsabaugh RL, Peñuelas J. Microbial communities in terrestrial surface soils are not widely limited by carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4412-4429. [PMID: 37277945 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as limited availability of substrate C relative to nitrogen and/or phosphorus to meet microbial metabolic requirements, based on the thresholds of extracellular enzyme activity across 847 sites (2476 observations) representing global natural ecosystems. Results showed that only about 22% of global sites in terrestrial surface soils show relative C limitation in microbial community. This finding challenges the conventional hypothesis of ubiquitous C limitation for soil microbial metabolism. The limited geographic extent of C limitation in our study was mainly attributed to plant litter, rather than soil organic matter that has been processed by microbes, serving as the dominant C source for microbial acquisition. We also identified a significant latitudinal pattern of predicted MCL with larger C limitation at mid- to high latitudes, whereas this limitation was generally absent in the tropics. Moreover, MCL significantly constrained the rates of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting a potentially larger relative increase in respiration at mid- to high latitudes than low latitudes, if climate change increases primary productivity that alleviates MCL at higher latitudes. Our study provides the first global estimates of MCL, advancing our understanding of terrestrial C cycling and microbial metabolic feedback under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Zhang D, Wang L, Qin S, Kou D, Wang S, Zheng Z, Peñuelas J, Yang Y. Microbial nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation across permafrost region. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3910-3923. [PMID: 37097019 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The status of plant and microbial nutrient limitation have profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycle in permafrost areas, which store large amounts of carbon and experience pronounced climatic warming. Despite the long-term standing paradigm assumes that cold ecosystems primarily have nitrogen deficiency, large-scale empirical tests of microbial nutrient limitation are lacking. Here we assessed the potential microbial nutrient limitation across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region, using the combination of enzymatic and elemental stoichiometry, genes abundance and fertilization method. In contrast with the traditional view, the four independent approaches congruently detected widespread microbial nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in both the surface soil and deep permafrost deposits, with stronger limitation in the topsoil. Further analysis revealed that soil resources stoichiometry and microbial community composition were the two best predictors of the magnitude of microbial nutrient limitation. High ratio of available soil carbon to nutrient and low fungal/bacterial ratio corresponded to strong microbial nutrient limitation. These findings suggest that warming-induced enhancement in soil nutrient availability could stimulate microbial activity, and probably amplify soil carbon losses from permafrost areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shi J, Wang Z, Peng Y, Zhang Z, Fan Z, Wang J, Wang X. Microbes drive metabolism, community diversity, and interactions in response to microplastic-induced nutrient imbalance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162885. [PMID: 36934915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on soil nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) has been widely examined, and the alteration of nutrient conditions further influences microbial biosynthesis processes. Nonetheless, the influence of microplastic-induced nutrient imbalances on soil microorganisms (from metabolism to community interactions) is still not well understood. We hypothesized that conventional and biodegradable microplastic could alter soil nutrients and microbial processes. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted soil microcosms with polyethylene (PE, new and aged) and polylactic acid (PLA, new and aged) microplastics to evaluate their effects on the soil enzymatic stoichiometry, co-occurrence interactions, and success patterns of soil bacterial communities. New and aged PLA induced soil N immobilization, which decreased soil mineral N by 91-141 %. The biodegradation of PLA led to a higher bioavailable C and wider bioavailable C:N ratio, which further filtered out specific microbial species. Both new and aged PLA had a higher abundance of copiotrophic members (Proteobacteria, 35-51 % in PLA, 26-34 % in CK/PE treatments) and rrn copy number. The addition of PLA resulted in a lower alpha diversity and reduced network complexity. Conversely, because of the chemically stable hydrocarbon structure of PE polymers, the new and aged PE microplastics had a minor effect on soil mineral N, bacterial community composition, and network complexity, but led to microbial C limitation. Collectively, all microplastics increased soil C-, N-, and P -acquiring enzyme activities and reduced the number of keystone species and the robustness of the co-occurrence network. The PLA treatment enhanced nitrogen fixation and ureolysis, whereas the PE treatment increased the degradation of recalcitrant carbon. Overall, the alteration of soil nutrient conditions by microplastics affected the microbial metabolism and community interactions, although the effects of PE and PLA microplastics were distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang X, Li Y, Wang L, Duan Y, Yao B, Chen Y, Cao W. Soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reflects microbial metabolic limitations in different desert types of northwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162504. [PMID: 36863586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) stoichiometry reflects the dynamic balance between microorganism metabolic demands for resources and nutrient availability. However, variations in metabolic limitations and their driving factors in arid desert areas with oligotrophic environments remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sites in different desert types in western China and measured the activities of two C-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase and β-D-cellobiohydrolase), two N-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase), and one organic-P-acquiring enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) to quantify and compare the metabolic limitations of soil microorganisms based on their EEA stoichiometry. The ratios of log-transformed C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzyme activities for all deserts combined were 1:1.1:0.9, which is close to the hypothetical global mean EEA stoichiometry (1:1:1). We quantified the microbial nutrient limitation by means of vector analysis using the proportional EEAs, and found that microbial metabolism was co-limited by soil C and N. For different desert types, the microbial N limitation increased in the following order: gravel desert < sand desert < mud desert < salt desert. Overall, the study area's climate explained the largest proportion of the variation in the microbial limitation (17.9 %), followed by soil abiotic factors (6.6 %) and biological factors (5.1 %). Our results confirmed that the EEA stoichiometry method can be used in microbial resource ecology research in a range of desert types, and that the soil microorganisms maintained community-level nutrient element homeostasis by adjusting enzyme production to increase uptake of scarce nutrients even in extremely oligotrophic environments such as deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Lilong Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yulong Duan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
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Li Q, Shi J, Li G, Hu J, Ma R. Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry and microbial resource limitation following various grassland reestablishment in abandoned cropland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161746. [PMID: 36693570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grassland restoration in abandoned cropland had great impact on soil enzyme stoichiometry and microbial resource limitation, hence altering carbon (C) sequestration progress in soil depending on soil depth and grassland restoration strategy. It is crucial to understand the microbial resource limitation under various restoration strategies, which could have key implication for optimizing management to improve C sequestration in abandoned cropland. The objective of this study was to examine the changes and key regulators of soil enzyme stoichiometry and microbial resource limitation in different soil depths under different management strategies to restore grassland, namely a) cropland as continuous cropping (CR); b) naturally restored grassland (NR); c) grass-based grassland (GG); d) legume-based grassland (LG); e) grass-legume mixed grassland (MG); and f) grass-based grassland with N fertilization (GF). Results showed that converting cropland into grassland increased absolute soil enzyme activities potential for microbial C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition by 5-110 %, 25-132 % and 17-215 %, respectively depending on soil depth and grassland restoration strategy. These enzyme activities increased more in surface soil than subsoil with the conversion of cropland into grassland, especially under LG and GF. The strategies to restore grassland, especially LG and GF, significantly decreased enzymatic C:P and N:P ratios. Microbial C limitation was reduced associated with re-establishment of grassland, exacerbating the P limitation depending on grassland restoration strategies, especially under LG and GF. The shift of relative microbial resource limitation from C to P reduced the microbial C use efficiency, reducing the ecosystem C sequestration potential during the restoration of grassland. It appears that increased biomass input and soil C:P ratio are the key drivers to shift microbial resource limitation from C to P during the restoration of grassland. Thus, a moderate harvest of above-ground biomass with a supplement of P may be necessary for improving the C sequestration potential during the restoration of grasslands, especially in the grass-legume mix or grass-based grassland with N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Jibo Shi
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guangdi Li
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Juan Hu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mao N, Shao M, Wang X, Wei X. Earthworms regulate plants' effects on soil microbial nutrient limitations: Examinations with contrasting soils and moisture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117061. [PMID: 36563447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial nutrient limitations significantly affect microbial processes and thus ecosystem functionality, whereas the response of soil microbial nutrient limitations to earthworms has rarely been addressed but is urgently needed due to the important role of earthworms in terrestrial ecosystems. By examining how earthworms regulate plants' effects on microbial nutrient limitations under contrasting soil types and moisture conditions, we showed that plant presence reduced microbial carbon (C) limitation and such reduction was enhanced by earthworm. Plant presence increased soil microbial phosphorus (P) limitation in soils with earthworms in most cases. Additionally, the effects of plants on microbial nutrient limitations and their responses to earthworms were dependent on soil type (or soil nutrients) and moisture. These results suggested that earthworms have the potential to reduce soil microbial C limitation but enhance P limitation and highlighted the importance of nutrients and moisture in influencing the effects of earthworms and plants on microbial nutrient limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Ming'an Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Pokharel P, Chang SX. Biochar decreases and nitrification inhibitor increases phosphorus limitation for microbial growth in a wheat-canola rotation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159773. [PMID: 36374728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural management practices affect microbial populations and ecoenzymatic activities; however, the effect of these practices on ecological stoichiometry relating the elemental ratio of resources to microbial biomass is poorly understood. In a 2-year field study, we assessed the effects of biochar and nitrapyrin (a commonly used nitrification inhibitor (NI)) on the ecological stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-canola (Brassica juncea L.) rotation. This study used a 3 × 2 factorial design that included two treatments: (i) biochar with three levels: no biochar addition (BC0), and biochar added at 10 (BC10) and 20 t ha-1 (BC20), and (ii) NI with two levels: without (NI0) and with NI (NI1). Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were increased by biochar application, regardless of the application rate, but were not affected by NI application. Biochar increased and NI decreased β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase (P < 0.05) with subsequent changes in ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry analysis showed microbial P limitation relative to N in the studied area irrespective of the treatment, with contrasting effects of biochar (decreasing) and NI (increasing) on the vector angle of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry (P = 0.037 and 0.043, respectively). Biochar applied at 20 t ha-1 decreased the threshold elemental ratio of C:P at which microbial growth switches between nutrient and C limitations, suggesting a shift towards C relative to nutrient (P) limitation. This study concludes that biochar produced from manure compost can be useful in increasing microbial growth by alleviating P limitations in a wheat-canola rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pokharel
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Xing G, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yang H, Mai S, Xu W, Hou E, Huang X, Yang Q, Liu W, Long W. Variations and influencing factors of soil organic carbon during the tropical forest succession from plantation to secondary and old–growth forest. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSoil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation changed with forest succession and hence impacted the SOC storage. However, the variation and underlying mechanisms about SOC during tropical forest succession are not fully understood.MethodsSoil samples at four depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm), litter, and roots of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm were collected from three forest succession stages (plantation forest, secondary forest, and old– growth forest) in the Jianfengling (JFL) National Nature Reserve in Hainan Island, China. The SOC, soil enzyme activities, physiochemical properties, the biomass of litter and roots were analyzed.ResultsResults showed that forest succession significantly increased SOC at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depth (from 23.00 g/kg to 33.70 g/kg and from 14.46 g/kg to 22.55 g/kg, respectively) but not at a deeper depth (20–60 cm). SOC content of the three forest succession stages decreased with increasing soil depth and bulk density (BD). With forest succession from plantation to secondary and old–growth forest, the soil pH at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depth decreased from 5.08 to 4.10 and from 5.52 to 4.64, respectively. Structural equation model (SEM) results showed that the SOC at depths of 0–20 cm increased with total root biomass but decreased with increasing soil pH value. The direct positive effect of soil TP on SOC was greater than the indirect negative effect of decomposition of SOC by soil acid phosphatase (AP).DiscussionTo sum up, the study highlighted there was soil P– limited in tropical forests of JFL, and the increase in TP and total root biomass inputs were main factors favoring SOC sequestration during the tropical forest succession. In addition, soil acidification is of great importance for SOC accumulation in tropical forests for forest succession in the future. Therefore, forest succession improved SOC accumulation, TP and roots contributed to soil C sequestration.
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Li J, Niu X, Wang P, Yang J, Liu J, Wu D, Guan P. Soil degradation regulates the effects of litter decomposition on soil microbial nutrient limitation: Evidence from soil enzymatic activity and stoichiometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1090954. [PMID: 36684742 PMCID: PMC9853160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms could obtain energy and nutrients during litter decomposition with the help of soil extracellular enzymes. The litter types were among the most critical factors that affect soil extracellular enzyme activities. However, how litter types modulate the soil extracellular enzyme activity with grassland gradation is unclear. Here, we conducted a 240-day experiment of two different types of litter decomposition on soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry in different degraded grasslands. We found that C-acquiring enzyme activity and the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N were higher in Chloris virgata litter than in Leymus chinensis litter at lightly degraded level and C-acquiring enzyme activity in C. virgata was 16.96% higher than in L. chinensis. P-acquiring enzyme activity had the same trend with litter types in moderately and highly degraded levels and it was 20.71% and 30.89% higher in C. virgata than that in L. chinensis, respectively. The change of the enzyme stoichiometry with litter types was only showed in the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N at lightly degraded level, suggesting that litter types only affected the microbial C limitation in lightly degraded grassland. Almost all soil extracellular enzyme activities and extracellular enzyme stoichiometry, except the enzyme stoichiometry of N/P, decreased with grassland degraded level increasing. All vector angles were less than 45° suggesting that soil microorganisms were limited by N rather than by P during the decomposition process. Enzyme vector analysis revealed that soil microbial communities were co-limited by C and N during litter decomposition. Moreover, based on Random Forest (explaining more than 80%), we found that soil total nitrogen, total carbon, total phosphorus, dissolved organic C, pH and EC were important factors affecting soil enzyme activities by degradation levels. Our results emphasized that degradation levels could modulate the influences of litter types on soil extracellular enzyme activity. Our study enhanced our understanding in resource requirements for microbial communities to litter resources in degraded grassland and helped us to provide new ideas for improving degraded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ximei Niu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pingting Guan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Lu Z, Rämgård C, Ergenlioğlu İ, Sandin L, Hammar H, Andersson H, King K, Inman AR, Hao M, Bulone V, McKee LS. Multiple enzymatic approaches to hydrolysis of fungal β-glucans by the soil bacterium Chitinophaga pinensis. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 36610032 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genome of the soil Bacteroidota Chitinophaga pinensis encodes a large number of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) with noteworthy features and potentially novel functions. Several are predicted to be active on polysaccharide components of fungal and oomycete cell walls, such as chitin, β-1,3-glucan and β-1,6-glucan. While several fungal β-1,6-glucanase enzymes are known, relatively few bacterial examples have been characterised to date. We have previously demonstrated that C. pinensis shows strong growth using β-1,6-glucan as the sole carbon source, with the efficient release of oligosaccharides from the polymer. We here characterise the capacity of the C. pinensis secretome to hydrolyse the β-1,6-glucan pustulan and describe three distinct enzymes encoded by its genome, all of which show different levels of β-1,6-glucanase activity and which are classified into different GH families. Our data show that C. pinensis has multiple tools to deconstruct pustulan, allowing the species' broad utility of this substrate, with potential implications for bacterial biocontrol of pathogens via cell wall disruption. Oligosaccharides derived from fungal β-1,6-glucans are valuable in biomedical research and drug synthesis, and these enzymes could be useful tools for releasing such molecules from microbial biomass, an underexploited source of complex carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Lu
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Rämgård
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - İrem Ergenlioğlu
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lova Sandin
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Hammar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Andersson
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharine King
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie R Inman
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mengshu Hao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ding L, Tian L, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wang P. Grazing lowers soil multifunctionality but boosts soil microbial network complexity and stability in a subtropical grassland of China. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1027097. [PMID: 36687566 PMCID: PMC9849757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1027097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term grazing profoundly affects grassland ecosystems, whereas how the soil microbiome and multiple soil ecosystem functions alter in response to two-decades of grazing, especially how soil microbiome (diversity, composition, network complexity, and stability) forms soil multifunctionality is rarely addressed. Methods We used a long-term buffalo grazing grassland to measure the responses of soil physicochemical attributes, stoichiometry, enzyme activities, soil microbial niche width, structure, functions, and networks to grazing in a subtropical grassland of Guizhou Plateau, China. Results The evidence from this work suggested that grazing elevated the soil hardness, available calcium content, and available magnesium content by 6.5, 1.9, and 1.9 times (p = 0.00015-0.0160) and acid phosphatase activity, bulk density, pH by 59, 8, and 0.5 unit (p = 0.0014-0.0370), but decreased the soil water content, available phosphorus content, and multifunctionality by 47, 73, and 9-21% (p = 0.0250-0.0460), respectively. Grazing intensified the soil microbial carbon limitation (+78%, p = 0.0260) as indicated by the increased investment in the soil β-glucosidase activity (+90%, p = 0.0120). Grazing enhanced the complexity and stability of the bacterial and fungal networks but reduced the bacterial Simpson diversity (p < 0.05). The bacterial diversity, network complexity, and stability had positive effects, while bacterial and fungal compositions had negative effects on multifunctionality. Discussions This work is an original attempt to show that grazing lowered multifunctionality via the reduced bacterial diversity and shifted soil bacterial and fungal compositions rather than the enhanced bacterial and fungal network complexities and stability by grazing. Protecting the bacterial diversity from decreasing, optimizing the composition of bacteria and fungi, and enhancing the complexity and stability of bacterial network may be conducive to improving the soil multifunction of grazing grassland, on a subtropical grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Ding
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Tian
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Yadav R, Tripathi P, Singh RP, Khare P. Assessment of soil enzymatic resilience in chlorpyrifos contaminated soils by biochar aided Pelargonium graveolens L. plantation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7040-7055. [PMID: 36029442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP), a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, is known for deleterious effects on soil enzymatic activities. Hence, the present study aims to examine the resilience effect of biochar (BC) aided Pelargonium graveolens L. plantation on enzymatic activities of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil. The two chlorpyrifos contaminated agriculture soils (with concentrations: S1: 46.1 and S2: 95.5 mg kg-1) were taken for the pot experiment. The plant biomass, plant growth parameters, soil microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities such as alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, aryl sulphatase, cellulase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase enzymes were examined. Ecoenzyme activities and their stoichiometry were used to enumerate the different indices including geometric mean, weighted mean, biochemical activity indices, integrated biological response, treated-soil quality index, and vector analysis in all treatments. The results of the study demonstrated that the biochar incorporation enhanced the tolerance of P. graveolens (from 42-45% to 55-67%) in chlorpyrifos contaminated soil and reduced the CP accumulation in plants. A reduction in the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil enzymatic activities and plant growth by BC incorporation was observed along with an increase in the activities of ecoenzymes (16.7-18.6%) in soil. The investigation indicated more microbial investments in C and P than that in N acquisition under CP stress. The BC amendment catalyzed the activities of lignin and cellulose-degrading enzymes and enhanced nutrition acquisition. The CP contamination and BC amendment have no significant effect on the oil quality of P. graveolens. The study demonstrated that BC-aided P. graveolens plantation offers sustainable phytotechnology for CP contaminated soil with an economic return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Yadav
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pratibha Tripathi
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Raghavendra Pratap Singh
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Lu L. Microbial community and soil enzyme activities driving microbial metabolic efficiency patterns in riparian soils of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108025. [PMID: 37180230 PMCID: PMC10171112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Riparian zones represent important transitional areas between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial metabolic efficiency and soil enzyme activities are important indicators of carbon cycling in the riparian zones. However, how soil properties and microbial communities regulate the microbial metabolic efficiency in these critical zones remains unclear. Thus, microbial taxa, enzyme activities, and metabolic efficiency were conducted in the riparian zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Microbial carbon use efficiency and microbial biomass carbon had a significant increasing trend along the TGR (from upstream to downstream); indicating higher carbon stock in the downstream, microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed the opposite trend. Microbial community and co-occurrence network analysis revealed that although bacterial and fungal communities showed significant differences in composition, this phenomenon was not found in the number of major modules. Soil enzyme activities were significant predictors of microbial metabolic efficiency along the different riparian zones of the TGR and were significantly influenced by microbial α-diversity. The bacterial taxa Desulfobacterota, Nitrospirota and the fungal taxa Calcarisporiellomycota, Rozellomycota showed a significant positive correlation with qCO2. The shifts in key microbial taxa unclassified_k_Fungi in the fungi module #3 are highlighted as essential factors regulating the microbial metabolic efficiency. Structural equation modeling results also revealed that soil enzyme activities had a highly significant negative effect on microbial metabolism efficiency (bacteria, path coefficient = -0.63; fungi, path coefficient = -0.67).This work has an important impact on the prediction of carbon cycling in aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Water Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Water Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunhui Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Water Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lunhui Lu,
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Liu Z, Xu G, Tian D, Lin Q, Ma S, Xing A, Xu L, Shen H, Ji C, Zheng C, Wang X, Fang J. Does Forest Soil Fungal Community Respond to Short-Term Simulated Nitrogen Deposition in Different Forests in Eastern China? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010053. [PMID: 36675875 PMCID: PMC9864950 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has changed plants and soil microbes remarkably, which deeply alters the structures and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. However, how forest fungal diversity, community compositions, and their potential functions respond to N deposition is still lacking in exploration at a large scale. In this study, we conducted a short-term (4-5 years) experiment of artificial N addition to simulated N deposition in five typical forest ecosystems across eastern China, which includes tropical montane rainforest, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, temperate broadleaved and conifer mixed forest, and boreal forest along a latitudinal gradient from tropical to cold temperature zones. Fungal compositions were identified using high-throughput sequencing at the topsoil layer. The results showed that fungal diversity and fungal community compositions among forests varied apparently for both unfertilized and fertilized soils. Generally, soil fungal diversity, communities, and their potential functions responded sluggishly to short-term N addition, whereas the fungal Shannon index was increased in the tropical forest. In addition, environmental heterogeneity explained most of the variation among fungal communities along the latitudinal gradient. Specifically, soil C: N ratio and soil water content were the most important factors driving fungal diversity, whereas mean annual temperature and microbial nutrient limitation mainly shaped fungal community structure and functional compositions. Topsoil fungal communities in eastern forest ecosystems in China were more sensitive to environmental heterogeneity rather than short-term N addition. Our study further emphasized the importance of simultaneously evaluating soil fungal communities in different forest types in response to atmospheric N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Quanhong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Liu H, Pausch J, Wu Y, Xu H, Liu G, Ma L, Xue S. Implications of plant N/P stoichiometry influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for stability of plant species and community in response to nutrient limitation. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Univ. of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Univ. of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - LiHui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
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Mori T. Microbial nutrient limitation in tropical forest soils determined using the V-T model contradicts the traditional view that C is the major limiting element. TROPICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms22-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
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Poppeliers SWM, Hefting M, Dorrepaal E, Weedon JT. Functional microbial ecology in arctic soils: the need for a year-round perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6824434. [PMID: 36368693 PMCID: PMC9701097 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecology of arctic and sub-arctic soils is an important aspect of the global carbon cycle, due to the sensitivity of the large soil carbon stocks to ongoing climate warming. These regions are characterized by strong climatic seasonality, but the emphasis of most studies on the short vegetation growing season could potentially limit our ability to predict year-round ecosystem functions. We compiled a database of studies from arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments that include sampling of microbial community and functions outside the growing season. We found that for studies comparing across seasons, in most environments, microbial biomass and community composition vary intra-annually, with the spring thaw period often identified by researchers as the most dynamic time of year. This seasonality of microbial communities will have consequences for predictions of ecosystem function under climate change if it results in: seasonality in process kinetics of microbe-mediated functions; intra-annual variation in the importance of different (a)biotic drivers; and/or potential temporal asynchrony between climate change-related perturbations and their corresponding effects. Future research should focus on (i) sampling throughout the entire year; (ii) linking these multi-season measures of microbial community composition with corresponding functional or physiological measurements to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the links between them; and (iii) identifying dominant biotic and abiotic drivers of intra-annual variation in different ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne W M Poppeliers
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Mariet Hefting
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umea University, SE-981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - James T Weedon
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mori T. Possibly underestimated microbial carbon limitation determined by enzymatic stoichiometry approach: Comments on "Crop rotation stage has a greater effect than fertilisation on soil microbiome assembly and enzymatic stoichiometry". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157931. [PMID: 35952881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, FFPRI, Kurokami 4-11-16, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan.
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40
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Jiang C, Li H, Zeng H. Karst tiankeng create a unique habitat for the survival of soil microbes: Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1011495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the soil microbial metabolism and resource limitations could help to understand the functions and processes of aboveground ecosystems, as well as to predict ecosystem stability under global climate change. Karst tiankeng is a kind of large-scale negative surface terrain on the surface which is similar to an oasis in degraded karst landscapes, but their soil microbial resource limitations still unclear. In this study, we evaluated and compared the soil microbial resource limitation in non-degraded tiankeng (NDT), moderately degraded tiankeng (MDT), heavily degraded tiankeng (HDT), and outside tiankeng (OT) by calculating soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Overall, soil microbial communities were more limited by C and P in karst tiankeng ecosystem. The soil microbial C and P limitations significantly differed with the karst tiankeng degradation increased, and the lowest C and P limitations were observed in NDT. The higher microbial C and P limitations were observed in OT. Linear regression and redundancy analysis indicated that soil microbial C and P limitations were significantly influenced by soil nutrients. Karst tiankeng degradation influence the biogeochemical cycle and function of karst tiankeng systems. Our results highlight that karst tiankeng (especially the NDT) can provide a stable habitat for the survival of microorganisms in karst areas. Karst tiankeng is essential for regional ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation.
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Kong W, Wei X, Wu Y, Shao M, Zhang Q, Sadowsky MJ, Ishii S, Reich PB, Wei G, Jiao S, Qiu L, Liu L. Afforestation can lower microbial diversity and functionality in deep soil layers in a semiarid region. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6086-6101. [PMID: 35808859 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation is an effective approach to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems, but often depletes deep soil moisture. Presently, it is not known how an afforestation-induced decrease in moisture affects soil microbial community and functionality, hindering our ability to understand the sustainability of the rehabilitated ecosystems. To address this issue, we examined the impacts of 20 years of afforestation on soil bacterial community, co-occurrence pattern, and functionalities along vertical profile (0-500 cm depth) in a semiarid region of China's Loess Plateau. We showed that the effects of afforestation with a deep-rooted legume tree on cropland were greater in deep than that of in top layers, resulting in decreased bacterial beta diversity, more responsive bacterial taxa and functional groups, increased homogeneous selection, and decreased network robustness in deep soils (120-500 cm). Organic carbon and nitrogen decomposition rates and multifunctionality also significantly decreased by afforestation, and microbial carbon limitation significantly increased in deep soils. Moreover, changes in microbial community and functionality in deep layer was largely related to changes in soil moisture. Such negative impacts on deep soils should be fully considered for assessing afforestation's eco-environment effects and for the sustainability of ecosystems because deep soils have important influence on forest ecosystems in semiarid and arid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
| | - Liling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Geng M, Chen R, Wang J, Xue B, Xie P, Wang J. Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals carbon and nitrogen limitations closely linked to bacterial communities in China’s largest saline lake. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002542. [PMID: 36212873 PMCID: PMC9532593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline lakes possess substantial carbon storage and play essential roles in global carbon cycling. Benthic microorganisms mine and decompose sediment organic matter via extracellular enzymes to acquire limiting nutrients and thus meet their element budgets, which ultimately causes variations in sediment carbon storage. However, current knowledge about microbial nutrient limitation and the associated organic carbon changes especially in saline lake remains elusive. Therefore, we took Qinghai Lake, the largest saline lake of China, as an example to identify the patterns and drivers of microbial metabolic limitations quantified by the vector analyses of extracellular enzyme stoichiometry. Benthic microorganisms were dominantly colimited by carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Such microbial C limitation was aggravated upon the increases in water salinity and sediment total phosphorus, which suggests that sediment C loss would be elevated when the lake water is concentrated (increasing salinity) and phosphorus becomes enriched under climate change and nutrient pollution, respectively. Microbial N limitation was predominantly intensified by water total nitrogen and inhibited by C limitation. Among the microbial drivers of extracellular enzyme investments, bacterial community structure consistently exerted significant effects on the C, N, and P cycles and microbial C and N limitations, while fungi only altered the P cycle through species richness. These findings advance our knowledge of microbial metabolic limitation in saline lakes, which will provide insights towards a better understanding of global sediment C storage dynamics under climate warming and intensified human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Zhang
- Center for The Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Center for The Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Geng
- Center for The Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Wang,
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Xu H, Qu Q, Wang Z, Xue S, Xu Z. Plant-soil-enzyme C-N-P stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation responses to plant-soil feedbacks during community succession: A 3-year pot experiment in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009886. [PMID: 36204057 PMCID: PMC9531649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studying plant-soil feedback (PSF) can improve the understanding of the plant community composition and structure; however, changes in plant-soil-enzyme stoichiometry in response to PSF are unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in plant-soil-enzyme stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation to PSF, and identify the roles of nutrient limitation in PSF. Setaria viridis, Stipa bungeana, and Bothriochloa ischaemum were selected as representative grass species in early-, mid-, and late-succession; furthermore, three soil types were collected from grass species communities in early-, mid-, and late-succession to treat the three successional species. A 3-year (represents three growth periods) PSF experiment was performed with the three grasses in the soil in the three succession stages. We analyzed plant biomass and plant-soil-enzyme C-N-P stoichiometry for each plant growth period. The plant growth period mainly affected the plant C:N in the early- and late- species but showed a less pronounced effect on the soil C:N. During the three growth periods, the plants changed from N-limited to P-limited; the three successional species soils were mainly limited by N, whereas the microbes were limited by both C and N. The plant-soil-enzyme stoichiometry and plant biomass were not significantly correlated. In conclusion, during PSF, the plant growth period significantly influences the plant-soil-microbial nutrient limitations. Plant-soil-enzyme stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation cannot effectively explain PSF during succession on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Hebei Drinking Water Safety Monitoring Technol Inn, Chengde, China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Bentley SB, Tomscha SA, Deslippe JR. Indictors of wetland health improve following small-scale ecological restoration on private land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155760. [PMID: 35533865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally wetlands are imperilled and restoring these highly productive and biodiverse ecosystems is key to regaining their lost function and health. Much of the fertile, low-lying land that was historically wetland is now farmed, so privately-owned locations play critical roles in regaining space for wetlands. However, wetland restoration on private property is often small-scale and supported by minimal funding and expertise. Little is known about what these efforts achieve, and what contexts facilitate the greatest gains in wetland health. Using a paired plot design for 18 restored and 18 unrestored wetlands, we aimed to understand changes in wetland health following restoration on private property. We characterised plant and microbial communities and soil characteristics following wetland restoration and explored how environmental settings of restored wetlands related to the clustering of wetland health indicators. We found that all indicators of wetland health significantly increased following restoration except for the ratio of Gram negative to Gram positive bacteria. Restoration enhanced plant alpha and beta diversity, adding ~13 native plant species per plot. Soils in restored wetlands contained 20% more organic matter, and 25% more microbial biomass, which was driven by an increased abundance of fungi. Restoration reduced soil bulk density by 0.19 g-1 cm3 and Olsen Phosphorus by 23%. These effects on soil physical characteristics and microbial communities were strongest in the wettest locations. Restored wetlands clustered into three main groups based on indicators of wetland health. Hydrological flow explained the clustering of wetlands, with riverine wetlands exhibiting greater indicators of recovery than depressional wetlands, suggesting that hydrological flow may influence post-restoration recovery. Overall, this study shows that small-scale wetland restoration on private land improved wetland health, providing evidence that it can be an effective use of marginal agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Bentley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie A Tomscha
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Julie R Deslippe
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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Plant Diversity and Fungal Richness Regulate the Changes in Soil Multifunctionality in a Semi-Arid Grassland. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060870. [PMID: 35741391 PMCID: PMC9220314 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions is important in the context of global plant diversity loss. We evaluated the relationships between soil bacterial and fungal diversity, rare microbial taxa, and soil multifunctionality in a semi-arid grassland with varied plant diversity levels. The fungal richness rather than bacterial richness was positively related to soil multifunctionality. The relative abundance of saprotrophs was positively correlated with soil multifunctionality, and the relative abundance of pathogens was negatively correlated with soil multifunctionality. Furthermore, the rare fungal taxa played a disproportionate role in regulating soil multifunctionality. The shift of plant biomass allocation patterns increased plant below-ground biomass in the high diversity plant assemblages, which can alleviate soil microbial carbon limitations and enhance the fungal richness, thus promoting soil multifunctionality. This study provides a new perspective for evaluating the relative roles of fungal and bacterial diversity in maintaining multiple soil functions under global plant diversity loss scenarios. Abstract Loss in plant diversity is expected to impact biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbes play essential roles in regulating ecosystem functions. However, the important roles and differences in bacterial and fungal diversity and rare microbial taxa in driving soil multifunctionality based on plant diversity remain poorly understood in grassland ecosystems. Here, we carried out an experiment in six study sites with varied plant diversity levels to evaluate the relationships between soil bacterial and fungal diversity, rare taxa, and soil multifunctionality in a semi-arid grassland. We used Illumina HiSeq sequencing to determine soil bacterial and fungal diversity and evaluated soil functions associated with the nutrient cycle. We found that high diversity plant assemblages had a higher ratio of below-ground biomass to above-ground biomass, soil multifunctionality, and lower microbial carbon limitation than those with low diversity. Moreover, the fungal richness was negatively and significantly associated with microbial carbon limitations. The fungal richness was positively related to soil multifunctionality, but the bacterial richness was not. We also found that the relative abundance of saprotrophs was positively correlated with soil multifunctionality, and the relative abundance of pathogens was negatively correlated with soil multifunctionality. In addition, the rare fungal taxa played a disproportionate role in regulating soil multifunctionality. Structural equation modeling showed that the shift of plant biomass allocation patterns increased plant below-ground biomass in the highly diverse plant plots, which can alleviate soil microbial carbon limitations and enhance the fungal richness, thus promoting soil multifunctionality. Overall, these findings expand our comprehensive understanding of the critical role of soil fungal diversity and rare taxa in regulating soil multifunctionality under global plant diversity loss scenarios.
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Extracellular Enzyme Stoichiometry Reveals Soil Microbial Carbon and Phosphorus Limitations in the Yimeng Mountain Area, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzymes are considered key components in ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling, and analysing their stoichiometry is an effective way to reveal the resource limitations on soil microbial metabolism. In this study, the soil and litter of Quercus acutissima plots, Pinus thunbergii plots, Quercus acutissima–Pinus thunbergii mixed-plantation plots, herb plots, and shrub plots in the state-owned Dawa Forest Farm in the Yimeng Mountain area were studied. The total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents of litter and the physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed, along with the activities of four extracellular enzymes related to the soil C, N, and P cycle: β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP). The extracellular enzyme stoichiometric model was used to study and compare the metabolic limitations of soil microorganisms in different plots, and the driving factors of microbial metabolic limitations were explored by redundancy and linear regression analyses. The results showed that the values of BG/(NAG + LAP) were all higher than 1, the values of (NAG + LAP)/AP all lower than 1, and the vector angles of the five plots all greater than 45°, which indicated that the soil microorganisms were relatively limited by C and P. Redundancy and linear regression analysis revealed that soil physical properties (e.g., soil moisture) and litter total C make greater contributions to soil extracellular enzymes and stoichiometry than the other investigated soil parameters, whereas soil chemical properties (e.g., soil organic C and available P) predominantly controlled vector properties. Therefore, microbial metabolism limitations are greatly regulated by soil physical and chemical properties and litter total C and N. Compared with the forest plots, the soil microbial C (1.67) and P (61.07°) limitations of herb plots were relatively higher, which means that the soil microbial communities of forest plots are more stable than those of herb plots in the Yimeng Mountain area. Forest plots were more conducive than other plots to the improvement of soil microbial ecology in this area. This study could be important for illuminating soil microbial metabolism and revealing soil nutrient cycling in the Yimeng Mountain area ecosystem of China.
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Xu M, Li W, Wang J, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Yang G, Zhang W, Han X. Soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation after vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152918. [PMID: 34999061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the limitations of soil microbial nutrient metabolism would help to understand the adaptability and response mechanisms of soil microbes in semi-arid ecosystems. Soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry is conducive to quantifying the nutrient limitations of microorganisms. To quantify microbial nutrient limitation during plant restoration, we measured soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and the activities of four enzymes (ꞵ-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, ꞵ-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and alkaline phosphatase) in the soils of the northern Loess Plateau. Vegetation restoration patterns significantly affected soil properties, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, and associated stoichiometry. Soil enzymatic activity increased significantly after vegetation restoration, especially in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations (RP). Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients (C and N), moisture and pH were significantly correlated with ecoenzymatic activities and their stoichiometries. Vector-threshold element ratio (VT) model analysis revealed that microbial nutrient metabolism was limited by P, and soil microbial C limitation was significantly weakened after vegetation restoration, particularly in RP. Correlation analysis indicated that microbial nutrient limitations represented by the VT model were significantly correlated with soil moisture, nutrients, and associated stoichiometry. Therefore, the soil microbial community was mainly limited by P rather than N in vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau via the VT model, and this limitation was primarily associated with the variation in soil properties. In addition, the soil microbial C limitation was significantly negatively correlated with microbial nutrient (P or N) limitation, which illustrated that soil microbial nutrient metabolism has strong stoichiometric homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoping Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station of Huanglong Mountain, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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Xie Y, Ouyang Y, Han S, Se J, Tang S, Yang Y, Ma Q, Wu L. Crop rotation stage has a greater effect than fertilisation on soil microbiome assembly and enzymatic stoichiometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152956. [PMID: 34999069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic practises, such as fertilisation and crop rotation, affect soil microbial communities and functions. However, limited information is available regarding the relative importance of fertilisation and crop rotation stages in determining the soil microbiome and assembly processes. In addition, insights into the connections between the soil microbiome and enzymatic stoichiometry are scarce. In this study, soil samples were collected from a wheat-rice rotation system that received mineral and organic fertiliser inputs for 6 years to investigate soil microbiome assembly, and the relationship between the soil microbiome and enzymatic stoichiometry. Our results revealed that the crop rotation stage strongly affected the soil microbial community structure, assembly, and enzymatic functions compared to that of the fertilisation regime. Enzymatic stoichiometry results and vector analysis implied that mineral and organic fertilisation could alleviate the microbial N limitation. However, no-manure fertilisation led to microbial P limitation during the wheat stage. The decreases in soil pH mainly drove microbial P limitation due to the acidification induced by the mineral fertilisers. Microbial N/P limitation correlated more strongly with the bacterial assembly than with fungal assembly. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis showed that ecological relationships between microbial taxa and enzymes were more complex during the wheat stage than that during the rice stage. Microbial nodes linked to acid phosphomonoesterase correlated significantly with the soil pH. Our study highlights the distinct responses of the soil microbiome to fertilisation in different crop-rotation stages, and provides novel insights into connections between microbial assembly and enzymatic stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Shun Han
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Jing Se
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sheng Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Hoffman AS, van Diepen LTA, Albeke SE, Williams DG. Potential microbial enzyme activity in seasonal snowpack is high and reveals P limitation. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S. Hoffman
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Linda T. A. van Diepen
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Shannon E. Albeke
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - David G. Williams
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
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50
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Liu M, Gan B, Li Q, Xiao W, Song X. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry in Chinese Fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata) Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:834184. [PMID: 35356128 PMCID: PMC8959824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.834184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzymes play an important role in microbial functions and soil nutrient cycling in the context of increasing N deposition globally. This is particularly important for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests because of the decline in soil fertility induced by successive rotation. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of simulated N deposition (N30: 30 kg ha-2 year-1; N60: 60 kg ha-2 year-1) and phosphorus addition (P20: 20 mg kg-1; P40: 40 mg kg-1) on the activity and stoichiometry of soil extracellular enzymes related to soil C, N, and P cycling in Chinese fir. The results showed that N addition alone increased the activity of soil β-1,4 glucosidase (BG) but decreased the activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosidase (NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). N addition increased the ratios of soil enzymes, C:N and C:P, alleviated microbial N-limitation, and aggravated microbial C-limitation. P addition alone increased enzyme activity, and P40 addition increased the ratio of BG to soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and (NAG + LAP):MBC activity ratio, thereby aggravating C restriction. N and P co-addition significantly affected soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry. For instance, BG activity and BG:MBC activity ratio increased significantly under the N30 + P40 treatment, which intensified C-limitation. Soil pH was the main factor influencing enzyme activity, and these variables were positively correlated. The stoichiometric relationships of enzyme reactions were coupled with soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP). Our results indicate that changes in soil characteristics induced by N and P inputs influence the activities of soil microorganisms and result in changes in microbial resource acquisition strategies. This study provides useful insights into the development of management strategies to improve the productivity of Chinese fir forests under scenarios of increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingping Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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