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Zhao L, Wang HJ, Martins PD, van Dongen JT, Bolger AM, Schmidt RR, Jing HC, Mueller-Roeber B, Schippers JHM. The Arabidopsis thaliana onset of leaf death 12 mutation in the lectin receptor kinase P2K2 results in an autoimmune phenotype. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37264342 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant immunity relies on the perception of immunogenic signals by cell-surface and intracellular receptors and subsequent activation of defense responses like programmed cell death. Under certain circumstances, the fine-tuned innate immune system of plants results in the activation of autoimmune responses that cause constitutive defense responses and spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogens. RESULTS Here, we characterized the onset of leaf death 12 (old12) mutant that was identified in the Arabidopsis accession Landsberg erecta. The old12 mutant is characterized by a growth defect, spontaneous cell death, plant-defense gene activation, and early senescence. In addition, the old12 phenotype is temperature reversible, thereby exhibiting all characteristics of an autoimmune mutant. Mapping the mutated locus revealed that the old12 phenotype is caused by a mutation in the Lectin Receptor Kinase P2-TYPE PURINERGIC RECEPTOR 2 (P2K2) gene. Interestingly, the P2K2 allele from Landsberg erecta is conserved among Brassicaceae. P2K2 has been implicated in pathogen tolerance and sensing extracellular ATP. The constitutive activation of defense responses in old12 results in improved resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that old12 is an auto-immune mutant and that allelic variation of P2K2 contributes to diversity in Arabidopsis immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Beijng Academy, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Dalcin Martins
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony M Bolger
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- IBG-4: Bioinformatik,Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Romy R Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Ruski 139 Blvd, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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Chen BX, Li YB, Liu HP, Kurtenbach R. Putrescine transformation to other forms of polyamines in filling grain embryos functioned in enhancing the resistance of maize plants to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107654. [PMID: 36989984 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs), one of plant growth regulators, play an important role in the plant resistance to drought stress. However, the precise function of putrescine (Put) transformation to other forms of PAs is not clear in filling maize grain embryos. In this study, two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, Yedan No. 13 (drought-resistant) and Xundan No. 22 (drought-sensitive), were used as experimental materials. Maize was planted in big plastic basins during whole growth period, and from the 25th day after fertilization, the plants were treated with drought (-1.0 MPa), PAs and inhibitors for 12 d. The experiments were performed during three consecutive years. The changes in the levels of three main free PAs, Put, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), covalently conjugated PAs (perchloric acid-soluble), covalently bound PAs (perchloric acid-insoluble), the activities of arginine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and transglutaminase were investigated in embryos of filling grains. During drought stress, free Put increased from 109 to 367 nmol g-1 FW and from 107 to 142 nmol g-1 FW in Xundan 22 and in Yedan 13, respectively. Meanwhile, free Spd, free Spm and bound Put increased 2.7, 3.0 and 4.2 times in Yedan 13, respectively, and they merely increased about 1.5 times in Xundan 22. These results suggested that free Spd/Spm and bound Put, which were transformed from free Put, were possibly involved in drought resistance. Exogenous Spd treatment enhanced the drought-induced increase in endogenous free Spd/Spm content in drought-sensitive Xundan 22, coupled with the increase in drought resistance, as judged by the decrease in ear leaf relative plasma membrane permeability and increases in ear leaf relative water content, 1000-grain weight and grain number per ear. The suggestion was further testified with methylglyoxal-bis guanylhydrazone and o-phenanthrolin treatments. Collectively, it could be inferred that transformation of free Put to free Spd/Spm and bound Put in filling grain embryos functioned in enhancing the resistance of maize plants to soil drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Xue Chen
- Design College, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466001, PR China
| | - Yan-Bing Li
- Design College, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466001, PR China
| | - Huai-Pan Liu
- Design College, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466001, PR China.
| | - Ronald Kurtenbach
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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Du J, Ge C, Wang T, Wang J, Ni Z, Xiao S, Zhao F, Zhao M, Qiao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals multiple pathways involved in self-pollen tube development and the potential roles of FviYABBY1 in self-incompatibility in Fragaria viridis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927001. [PMID: 36186066 PMCID: PMC9515988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragaria viridis exhibits S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which S-RNase is the major factor inhibiting pollen tube growth. However, the pathways involved in and the immediate causes of the inhibition of pollen tube growth remain unknown. Here, interactive RNA sequencing and proteome analysis revealed changes in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of F. viridis styles harvested at 0 and 24 h after self-pollination. A total of 2,181 differentially expressed genes and 200 differentially abundant proteins were identified during the pollen development stage of self-pollination. Differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant proteins associated with self-incompatible pollination were further mined, and multiple pathways were found to be involved. Interestingly, the expression pattern of the transcription factor FviYABBY1, which is linked to polar growth, differed from those of other genes within the same family. Specifically, FviYABBY1 expression was extremely high in pollen, and its expression trend in self-pollinated styles was consistent with that of S-RNase. Furthermore, FviYABBY1 interacted with S-RNase in a non-S haplotype way. Therefore, FviYABBY1 affects the expression of polar growth-related genes in self-pollen tubes and is positively regulated by S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Du
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Ge
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyou Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Xiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushan Qiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Liebsch D, Juvany M, Li Z, Wang HL, Ziolkowska A, Chrobok D, Boussardon C, Wen X, Law SR, Janečková H, Brouwer B, Lindén P, Delhomme N, Stenlund H, Moritz T, Gardeström P, Guo H, Keech O. Metabolic control of arginine and ornithine levels paces the progression of leaf senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1943-1960. [PMID: 35604104 PMCID: PMC9342962 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence can be induced by stress or aging, sometimes in a synergistic manner. It is generally acknowledged that the ability to withstand senescence-inducing conditions can provide plants with stress resilience. Although the signaling and transcriptional networks responsible for a delayed senescence phenotype, often referred to as a functional stay-green trait, have been actively investigated, very little is known about the subsequent metabolic adjustments conferring this aptitude to survival. First, using the individually darkened leaf (IDL) experimental setup, we compared IDLs of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to several stay-green contexts, that is IDLs of two functional stay-green mutant lines, oresara1-2 (ore1-2) and an allele of phytochrome-interacting factor 5 (pif5), as well as to leaves from a WT plant entirely darkened (DP). We provide compelling evidence that arginine and ornithine, which accumulate in all stay-green contexts-likely due to the lack of induction of amino acids (AAs) transport-can delay the progression of senescence by fueling the Krebs cycle or the production of polyamines (PAs). Secondly, we show that the conversion of putrescine to spermidine (SPD) is controlled in an age-dependent manner. Thirdly, we demonstrate that SPD represses senescence via interference with ethylene signaling by stabilizing the ETHYLENE BINDING FACTOR1 and 2 (EBF1/2) complex. Taken together, our results identify arginine and ornithine as central metabolites influencing the stress- and age-dependent progression of leaf senescence. We propose that the regulatory loop between the pace of the AA export and the progression of leaf senescence provides the plant with a mechanism to fine-tune the induction of cell death in leaves, which, if triggered unnecessarily, can impede nutrient remobilization and thus plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daria Chrobok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clément Boussardon
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Simon R Law
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Janečková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pernilla Lindén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, D-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per Gardeström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158394. [PMID: 35955528 PMCID: PMC9369354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.
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6
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Parrotta L, Tanwar UK, Aloisi I, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Del Duca S. Plant Transglutaminases: New Insights in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091529. [PMID: 35563835 PMCID: PMC9105555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases) are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyse an acyl-transfer reaction between primary amino groups and protein-bound Gln residues. They are widely distributed in nature, being found in vertebrates, invertebrates, microorganisms, and plants. TGases and their functionality have been less studied in plants than humans and animals. TGases are distributed in all plant organs, such as leaves, tubers, roots, flowers, buds, pollen, and various cell compartments, including chloroplasts, the cytoplasm, and the cell wall. Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence pointing to the role of TGases in plant biology and the mechanisms in which they are involved allows us to consider their role in processes such as photosynthesis, plant fertilisation, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence. In the present paper, an in-depth description of the biochemical characteristics and a bioinformatics comparison of plant TGases is provided. We also present the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and sequence alignment of TGase proteins in various plant species, not described elsewhere. Currently, our knowledge of these proteins in plants is still insufficient. Further research with the aim of identifying and describing the regulatory components of these enzymes and the processes regulated by them is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Umesh Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (U.K.T.); (E.S.-N.)
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (U.K.T.); (E.S.-N.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Microbial interaction mediated programmed cell death in plants. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 35096500 PMCID: PMC8761208 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food demand of growing population can only be met by finding solutions for sustaining the crop yield. The understanding of basic mechanisms employed by microorganisms for the establishment of parasitic relationship with plants is a complex phenomenon. Symbionts and biotrophs are dependent on living hosts for completing their life cycle, whereas necrotrophs utilize dead cells for their growth and establishment. Hemibiotrophs as compared to other microbes associate themselves with plants in two phase's, viz. early bio-phase and later necro-phase. Plants and microbes interact with each other using receptors present on host cell surface and elicitors (PAMPs and effectors) produced by microbes. Plant-microbe interaction either leads to compatible or incompatible reaction. In response to various biotic and abiotic stress factors, plant undergoes programmed cell death which restricts the growth of biotrophs or hemibiotrophs while necrotrophs as an opportunist starts growing on dead tissue for their own benefit. PCD regulation is an outcome of plant-microbe crosstalk which entirely depends on various biochemical events like generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, ionic efflux/influx, CLPs, biosynthesis of phytohormones, phytoalexins, polyamines and certain pathogenesis-related proteins. This phenomenon mostly occurs in resistant and non-host plants during invasion of pathogenic microbes. The compatible or incompatible host-pathogen interaction depends upon the presence or absence of host plant resistance and pathogenic race. In addition to host-pathogen interaction, the defense induction by beneficial microbes must also be explored and used to the best of its potential. This review highlights the mechanism of microbe- or symbiont-mediated PCD along with defense induction in plants towards symbionts, biotrophs, necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs. Here we have also discussed the possible use of beneficial microbes in inducing systemic resistance in plants against pathogenic microbes.
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Unravelling the multi-faceted regulatory role of polyamines in plant biotechnology, transgenics and secondary metabolomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:905-929. [PMID: 35039927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as complex application in fundamental areas of plant growth and development. PAs are mediator of basic metabolism of organisms which include cell division and differentiation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, reversal of oxidative damage, stabilization of nucleic acids, and protein and phospholipid binding. In plants, it attributes in direct and indirect organogenesis, endogenous phytohormone regulation, cellular compartmentalization, fruit and flower development, senescence, and secondary metabolite production which are highly tuned as first line of defense response. There are several aspects of polyamine-directed mechanism that regulate overall plant growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we have critically discussed the role played by polyamine on the enhanced production of bioactive natural products and how the same polyamines are functioning against different environmental stress conditions, i.e., salinity, drought, high CO2 content, herbivory, and physical wounding. The role of polyamines on elicitation process has been highlighted previously, but it is important to note that its activity as growth regulator under in vitro condition is correlated with an array of intertwined mechanism and physiological tuning. Medicinal plants under different developmental stages of micropropagation are characterized with different functional aspects and regulatory changes during embryogenesis and organogenesis. The effect of precursor molecules as well as additives and biosynthetic inhibitors of polyamines in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, tuberization, embryogenesis, callus formation, and metabolite production has been discussed thoroughly. The beneficial effect of exogenous application of PAs in elicitation of secondary metabolite production, plant growth and morphogenesis and overall stress tolerance are summarized in this present work. KEY POINTS: • Polyamines (PAs) play crucial roles in in vitro organogenesis. • PAs elicitate bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). • Transgenic studies elucidate and optimize PA biosynthetic genes coding SMs.
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Sheng S, Wu C, Xiang Y, Pu W, Duan S, Huang P, Cheng X, Gong Y, Liang Y, Liu L. Polyamine: A Potent Ameliorator for Plant Growth Response and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses Particularly the Ammonium Stress Antagonized by Urea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:783597. [PMID: 35401587 PMCID: PMC8988247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.783597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine(s) (PA, PAs), a sort of N-containing and polycationic compound synthesized in almost all organisms, has been recently paid considerable attention due to its multifarious actions in the potent modulation of plant growth, development, and response to abiotic/biotic stresses. PAs in cells/tissues occur mainly in free or (non- or) conjugated forms by binding to various molecules including DNA/RNA, proteins, and (membrane-)phospholipids, thus regulating diverse molecular and cellular processes as shown mostly in animals. Although many studies have reported that an increase in internal PA may be beneficial to plant growth under abiotic conditions, leading to a suggestion of improving plant stress adaption by the elevation of endogenous PA via supply or molecular engineering of its biosynthesis, such achievements focus mainly on PA homeostasis/metabolism rather than PA-mediated molecular/cellular signaling cascades. In this study, to advance our understanding of PA biological actions important for plant stress acclimation, we gathered some significant research data to succinctly describe and discuss, in general, PA synthesis/catabolism, as well as PA as an internal ameliorator to regulate stress adaptions. Particularly, for the recently uncovered phenomenon of urea-antagonized NH4 +-stress, from a molecular and physiological perspective, we rationally proposed the possibility of the existence of PA-facilitated signal transduction pathways in plant tolerance to NH4 +-stress. This may be a more interesting issue for in-depth understanding of PA-involved growth acclimation to miscellaneous stresses in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction of MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction of MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction of MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhui Duan
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Pingjun Huang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Cheng
- College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuanyong Gong
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Yilong Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Laihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction of MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Laihua Liu,
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Ahmad H, Maher M, Abdel-Salam EM, Li Y, Yang C, ElSafty N, Ewas M, Nishawy E, Luo J. Integrated de novo Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Variations in Salt-Treated Solenostemma argel Desert Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744699. [PMID: 34868128 PMCID: PMC8640078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solenostemma argel (Delile) Hayne is a desert plant that survives harsh environmental conditions with several vital medicinal properties. Salt stress is a major constraint limiting agricultural production around the globe. However, response mechanisms behind the adaptation of S. argel plants to salt stress are still poorly understood. In the current study, we applied an omics approach to explore how this plant adapts to salt stress by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the roots and leaves of S. argel plants under salt stress. De novo assembly of transcriptome produced 57,796 unigenes represented by 165,147 transcripts/isoforms. A total of 730 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the roots (396 and 334 were up- and down-regulated, respectively). In the leaves, 927 DEGs were identified (601 and 326 were up- and down-regulated, respectively). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes And Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed that several defense-related biological processes, such as response to osmotic and oxidative stress, hormonal signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are the potential mechanisms involved in the tolerance of S. argel plants to salt stress. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the metabolic variations of the leaves and roots of S. argel under control and salt stress. 45 and 56 critical metabolites showed changes in their levels in the stressed roots and leaves, respectively; there were 20 metabolites in common between the roots and leaves. Differentially accumulated metabolites included amino acids, polyamines, hydroxycinnamic acids, monolignols, flavonoids, and saccharides that improve antioxidant ability and osmotic adjustment of S. argel plants under salt stress. The results present insights into potential salt response mechanisms in S. argel desert plants and increase the knowledge in order to generate more tolerant crops to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Maher
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nagwa ElSafty
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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11
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Polyamine Metabolism under Different Light Regimes in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111717. [PMID: 34769148 PMCID: PMC8583935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between polyamines and photosynthesis has been investigated at several levels, the main aim of this experiment was to test light-intensity-dependent influence of polyamine metabolism with or without exogenous polyamines. First, the effect of the duration of the daily illumination, then the effects of different light intensities (50, 250, and 500 μmol m–2 s–1) on the polyamine metabolism at metabolite and gene expression levels were investigated. In the second experiment, polyamine treatments, namely putrescine, spermidine and spermine, were also applied. The different light quantities induced different changes in the polyamine metabolism. In the leaves, light distinctly induced the putrescine level and reduced the 1,3-diaminopropane content. Leaves and roots responded differently to the polyamine treatments. Polyamines improved photosynthesis under lower light conditions. Exogenous polyamine treatments influenced the polyamine metabolism differently under individual light regimes. The fine-tuning of the synthesis, back-conversion and terminal catabolism could be responsible for the observed different polyamine metabolism-modulating strategies, leading to successful adaptation to different light conditions.
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12
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Serafini-Fracassini D, Della Mea M, Parrotta L, Faleri C, Cai G, Del Duca S, Aloisi I. AtPng1 knockout mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows a juvenile phenotype, morpho-functional changes, altered stress response and cell wall modifications. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:11-21. [PMID: 34325356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain the role of plant transglutaminases (TGase) in growth and abiotic stress response, the AtPng1 knock out (KO) line of A. thaliana has been analyzed during plant development and under heat and wound stress. Comparing wild type (WT) and KO lines a 58-kDa band was immunodetected by anti-AtPng1p antibody in the cell wall and chloroplasts only in the WT line. A residual TGase activity, not showing correlation with development nor stress response, was still present in the KO line. The KO line was less developed, with a juvenile phenotype characterized by fewer, smaller and less differentiated cells. Chloroplast TGase activity was insensitive to mutation. Data on stressed plants showed that (i) KO plants under heat stress were more juvenile compared to WT, (ii) different responses between WT and KO lines after wounding took place. TGase activity was not completely absent in the KO line, presenting high activity in the plastidial fraction. In general, the mutation affected A. thaliana growth and development, causing less differentiated cytological and anatomical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Serafini-Fracassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - M Della Mea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - L Parrotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - G Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - S Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - I Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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13
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Pál M, Szalai G, Gondor OK, Janda T. Unfinished story of polyamines: Role of conjugation, transport and light-related regulation in the polyamine metabolism in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110923. [PMID: 34034871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play a fundamental role in the functioning of all cells. Their regulatory role in plant development, their function under stress conditions, and their metabolism have been well documented as regards both synthesis and catabolism in an increasing number of plant species. However, the majority of these studies concentrate on the levels of the most abundant polyamines, sometimes providing data on the enzyme activity or gene expression levels during polyamine synthesis, but generally making no mention of the fact that changes in the polyamine pool are very dynamic, and that other processes are also involved in the regulation of actual polyamine levels. Differences in the distribution of individual polyamines and their conjugation with other compounds were described some time ago, but these have been given little attention. In addition, the role of polyamine transporters in plants is only now being recognised. The present review highlights the importance of conjugated polyamines and also points out that investigations should not only deal with the polyamine metabolism itself, but should also cover other important questions, such as the relationship between light perception and the polyamine metabolism, or the involvement of polyamines in the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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Camargo Rodriguez AV. Integrative Modelling of Gene Expression and Digital Phenotypes to Describe Senescence in Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:909. [PMID: 34208213 PMCID: PMC8230903 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is critical for plants' fitness as nutrient relocation from leaves to reproductive organs takes place. Although senescence is key in nutrient relocation and yield determination in cereal grain production, there is limited understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control it in major staple crops such as wheat. Senescence is a highly orchestrated continuum of interacting pathways throughout the lifecycle of a plant. Levels of gene expression, morphogenesis, and phenotypic development all play key roles. Yet, most studies focus on a short window immediately after anthesis. This approach clearly leaves out key components controlling the activation, development, and modulation of the senescence pathway before anthesis, as well as during the later developmental stages, during which grain development continues. Here, a computational multiscale modelling approach integrates multi-omics developmental data to attempt to simulate senescence at the molecular and plant level. To recreate the senescence process in wheat, core principles were borrowed from Arabidopsis Thaliana, a more widely researched plant model. The resulted model describes temporal gene regulatory networks and their effect on plant morphology leading to senescence. Digital phenotypes generated from images using a phenomics platform were used to capture the dynamics of plant development. This work provides the basis for the application of computational modelling to advance understanding of the complex biological trait senescence. This supports the development of a predictive framework enabling its prediction in changing or extreme environmental conditions, with a view to targeted selection for optimal lifecycle duration for improving resilience to climate change.
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15
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Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020261. [PMID: 33525668 PMCID: PMC7912026 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm's role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.
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16
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Liu L, Sanchez-Arcos C, Pohnert G, Wei D. Untargeted Metabolomics Unveil Changes in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria Exposed to High-Light Intensity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031247. [PMID: 33513853 PMCID: PMC7865508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria has been optimizing a photosynthetic system for low-light conditions over billions of years, thriving in hot and acidic endolithic habitats. The growth of G. sulphuraria in the laboratory is very much dependent on light and substrate supply. Here, higher cell densities in G. sulphuraria under high-light conditions were obtained, although reductions in photosynthetic pigments were observed, which indicated this alga might be able to relieve the effects caused by photoinhibition. We further describe an extensive untargeted metabolomics study to reveal metabolic changes in autotrophic and mixotrophic G. sulphuraria grown under high and low light intensities. The up-modulation of bilayer lipids, that help generate better-ordered lipid domains (e.g., ergosterol) and keep optimal membrane thickness and fluidity, were observed under high-light exposure. Moreover, high-light conditions induced changes in amino acids, amines, and amide metabolism. Compared with the autotrophic algae, higher accumulations of osmoprotectant sugars and sugar alcohols were recorded in the mixotrophic G. sulphuraria. This response can be interpreted as a measure to cope with stress due to the high concentration of organic carbon sources. Our results indicate how G. sulphuraria can modulate its metabolome to maintain energetic balance and minimize harmful effects under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8711-3849
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17
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Shu S, Tang Y, Zhou X, Jahan MS, Sun J, Wang Y, Guo S. Physiological mechanism of transglutaminase-mediated improvement in salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:333-344. [PMID: 32998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) is inextricably associated with plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which TGase enhances salt tolerance of higher plants under salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of NaCl stress and exogenous o-phenanthroline (o-Phen, a metalloprotease inhibitor) on TGase activity, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, carbohydrates contents, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, and endogenous polyamines (PAs) contents of salt-sensitive 'Jinyou No. 4' and salt-tolerant 'Inbred Line 9930' cucumber. Salt stress significantly inhibited plant growth of the two cultivars, as well as hindered carbohydrates transport, which was more evident in the salt-sensitive cultivar. TGase activity and expression, ROS scavenging capacity, and bound PAs content were up-regulated by salt stress to some extent, which was more distinct in the salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar. However, o-Phen treatment significantly inhibited TGase expression, and further decreased plant growth and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the two cultivars. In addition, application of o-Phen significantly decreased endogenous PAs content in leaves of 'Jinyou No. 4' and 'Inbred Line 9930' seedlings by 9.60% and 42.32% under NaCl stress, respectively. These results suggested that high activity of TGase increases the salt stress tolerance of cucumber plants by increasing endogenous PAs content and ROS scavenging capacity, and promoting carbon assimilation and photosynthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mohammad Shan Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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18
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Aloisi I, Distefano G, Antognoni F, Potente G, Parrotta L, Faleri C, Gentile A, Bennici S, Mareri L, Cai G, Del Duca S. Temperature-Dependent Compatible and Incompatible Pollen-Style Interactions in Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan. Show Different Transglutaminase Features and Polyamine Pattern. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1018. [PMID: 32733518 PMCID: PMC7360793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In clementine, failure of fertilization can result in parthenocarpic fruit development, which has several advantages, such as seedless fruit, longer shelf-life, and greater consumer appeal. Recently, S-RNases have been identified in Citrus grandis, thus revealing that the self-incompatibility (SI) reaction relies on the S-RNase gametophytic mechanism. The fundamental role of environmental factors, mostly temperature, in determining the numbers of pollen tubes reaching the ovary is also well established in Citrus. In the present work, temperature-dependent pollen-pistil interactions in C. clementina were analyzed, focusing on several morphological aspects, as well as on polyamine (PA) content and the activity and distribution of transglutaminase (TGase), both reported to be involved in the SI response in pear and in pummelo. Results clearly indicate that temperature contributed to a different activation of the SI response, which occurs at optimal temperature of 25°C but was by-passed at 15°C. TGase activity was stimulated during the SI response, and it localized differently in the compatible and incompatible interaction: in compatible pollinated styles, TGase localized inside the style canal, while it was detected all around it in incompatible crosses. TGase localization and activity were congruent with the levels of soluble and insoluble conjugated PAs and with morphological evidences, which highlighted cell wall modification occurring as a result of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Bennici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lavinia Mareri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Ectopic expression of CsTGase enhances salt tolerance by regulating polyamine biosynthesis, antioxidant activities and Na +/K + homeostasis in transgenic tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110492. [PMID: 32540011 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases), mediators of the transamidation of specific proteins by polyamines (PA), play critical roles in PA metabolism in animals, but their functions and regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown in plants. In this study, we demonstrated that TGase from cucumber played a protective role in the regulation of PA metabolism under salt stress. The expression of TGase was induced by salt stress in cucumber. Ectopic overexpression of cucumber TGase in tobacco conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress based on both external symptoms and membrane integrity. Overexpression lines maintained high levels of PAs under salt stress, suggesting that PAs played a vital role in TGase-induced salt tolerance. In contrast, the levels of Na+ content in the wild-type (WT) plants increased, while they decreased in the overexpression plants. The expression levels of several genes related to ion exchange enhanced, and the Na+/K+ ratio decreased by increased TGase activity under salt stress. The activities of the proton-pump ATPase (H+-ATPase), vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (PPase) were higher in the overexpression lines than in WT plants under salt stress. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents were significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in WT plants, accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TGase plays protective roles in response to salt stress, which may promote plant survival by regulating PA metabolism and the Na+/K+ balance under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Agriculture Technology Extension Station of Jingsu Province, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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20
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Doti N, Caporale A, Monti A, Sandomenico A, Selis F, Ruvo M. A recent update on the use of microbial transglutaminase for the generation of biotherapeutics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:53. [PMID: 32172335 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent scientific progresses on the use of enzyme-mediated reactions in organic, non-aqueous and aqueous media have significantly supported the growing demand of new biotechnological and/or pharmacological products. Today, a plethora of microbial enzymes, used as biocatalysts, are available. Among these, microbial transglutaminases (MTGs) are broadly used for their ability to catalyse the formation of an isopeptide bond between the γ-amide group of glutamines and the ε-amino group of lysine. Due to their promiscuity towards primary amine-containing substrates and the more stringent specificity for glutamine-containing peptide sequences, several combined approaches can be tailored for different settings, making MTGs very attractive catalysts for generating protein-protein and protein small molecule's conjugates. The present review offers a recent update on the modifications attainable by MTG-catalysed bioreactions as reported between 2014 and 2019. In particular, we present a detailed and comparative overview on the MTG-based methods for proteins and antibodies engineering, with a particular outlook on the synthesis of homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Caporale
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR (IC-CNR), c/o Area Science Park s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABIF), University L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 80100, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Selis
- BioVIIIx R&D, Via B. Brin, 59C, 80142, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Processed Food Additive Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Cross-Linked Gliadin Complexes Are Potential Public Health Concerns in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031127. [PMID: 32046248 PMCID: PMC7037116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a survival factor for microbes, but yeasts, fungi, and plants also produce transglutaminase. mTG is a cross-linker that is heavily consumed as a protein glue in multiple processed food industries. According to the manufacturers’ claims, microbial transglutaminase and its cross-linked products are safe, i.e., nonallergenic, nonimmunogenic, and nonpathogenic. The regulatory authorities declare it as “generally recognized as safe” for public users. However, scientific observations are accumulating concerning its undesirable effects on human health. Functionally, mTG imitates its family member, tissue transglutaminase, which is the autoantigen of celiac disease. Both these transglutaminases mediate cross-linked complexes, which are immunogenic in celiac patients. The enzyme enhances intestinal permeability, suppresses mechanical (mucus) and immunological (anti phagocytic) enteric protective barriers, stimulates luminal bacterial growth, and augments the uptake of gliadin peptide. mTG and gliadin molecules are cotranscytosed through the enterocytes and deposited subepithelially. Moreover, mucosal dendritic cell surface transglutaminase induces gliadin endocytosis, and the enzyme-treated wheat products are immunoreactive in CD patients. The present review summarizes and updates the potentially detrimental effects of mTG, aiming to stimulate scientific and regulatory debates on its safety, to protect the public from the enzyme’s unwanted effects.
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Zhang Y, Simpson BK. Food-related transglutaminase obtained from fish/shellfish. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3214-3232. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1681357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Simpson
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Caporale A, Monti A, Selis F, Sandomenico A, Tonon G, Ruvo M, Doti N. A comparative analysis of catalytic activity and stability of microbial transglutaminase in controlled denaturing conditions. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:48-57. [PMID: 31229602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.06.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminases (MTGs) catalyzes the formation of Gln-Lys isopeptide bonds and are widely used for the cross-linking of proteins and peptides in food and in biotechnological applications for bioconjugation reactions. In view of its practical utility, a comparative study of the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme in a wide range of denaturing conditions has been performed through Circular Dichroism (CD), fluorescence and activity assays performed with model substrates. In agreement with previous results, we show that MTG has a significant structural and functional tolerance to pH changes, whereas the enzyme stability and activity decrease in presence of increasing amounts of denaturing agents, such as urea and guanidinium chloride (GdnHCl). Noteworthy, the activity of MTG in denaturing conditions differs markedly from that in pseudo-physiological settings, shifting unexpectedly toward higher substrate specificity. Also, the use of controlled amounts of denaturing agents (1.0-1.5 M urea) largely improves yields and purity of the final products of 10-15% and 25-30%, respectively. These findings widen the range of applicability of the MTG-mediated biocatalysis for industrial and biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Monti
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy; Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi n. 43 - 81100 Caserta, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Selis
- BIOVIIIx, via Brin, 59, 80142, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy.
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Mandrone M, Antognoni F, Aloisi I, Potente G, Poli F, Cai G, Faleri C, Parrotta L, Del Duca S. Compatible and Incompatible Pollen-Styles Interaction in Pyrus communis L. Show Different Transglutaminase Features, Polyamine Pattern and Metabolomics Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:741. [PMID: 31249577 PMCID: PMC6584118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-stigma interaction is a highly selective process, which leads to compatible or incompatible pollination, in the latter case, affecting quantitative and qualitative aspects of productivity in species of agronomic interest. While the genes and the corresponding protein partners involved in this highly specific pollen-stigma recognition have been studied, providing important insights into pollen-stigma recognition in self-incompatible (SI), many other factors involved in the SI response are not understood yet. This work concerns the study of transglutaminase (TGase), polyamines (PAs) pattern and metabolomic profiles following the pollination of Pyrus communis L. pistils with compatible and SI pollen in order to deepen their possible involvement in the reproduction of plants. Immunolocalization, abundance and activity of TGase as well as the content of free, soluble-conjugated and insoluble-bound PAs have been investigated. 1H NMR-profiling coupled with multivariate data treatment (PCA and PLS-DA) allowed to compare, for the first time, the metabolic patterns of not-pollinated and pollinated styles. Results clearly indicate that during the SI response TGase activity increases, resulting in the accumulation of PAs conjugated to hydroxycinnamic acids and other small molecules. Metabolomic analysis showed a remarkable differences between pollinated and not-pollinated styles, where, except for glucose, all the other metabolites where less concentrated. Moreover, styles pollinated with compatible pollen showed the highest amount of sucrose than SI pollinated ones, which, in turn, contained highest amount of all the other metabolites, including aromatic compounds, such as flavonoids and a cynnamoil derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Scarnato L, Gadermaier G, Volta U, De Giorgio R, Caio G, Lanciotti R, Del Duca S. Immunoreactivity of Gluten-Sensitized Sera Toward Wheat, Rice, Corn, and Amaranth Flour Proteins Treated With Microbial Transglutaminase. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:470. [PMID: 30972033 PMCID: PMC6445063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of microbial transglutaminase (mTG) on the immunoreactivity of wheat and gluten-free cereals flours to the sera of patients with celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Both doughs and sourdoughs, the latter prepared by a two-step fermentation with Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Candida milleri, were studied. In order to evaluate the IgG-binding capacity toward the proteins of the studied flours, total protein as well as protein fractions enriched in albumins/globulins, prolamins and glutelins, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that while mTG modified both gluten and gluten-free flour by increasing the amount of cross-linked proteins, it did not affect the serum's immune-recognition. In fact, no significant differences were observed in the immunoreactivity of sera from CD and NCGS patients toward wheat and gluten-free protein extracts after enzyme treatment, nor did this biotechnological treatment affect the immunoreactivity of control samples or the sera of healthy patients. These results suggest that mTG may be used as a tool to create innovative gluten and gluten-free products with improved structural properties, without increasing the immune-reactivity toward proteins present either in doughs or in sourdoughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Scarnato
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Caio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Celiac Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agro-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Overexpression of Transglutaminase from Cucumber in Tobacco Increases Salt Tolerance through Regulation of Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E894. [PMID: 30791389 PMCID: PMC6413182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) is a regulator of posttranslational modification of protein that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of TGase-mediated salt tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the transcription of cucumber TGase (CsTGase) was induced in response to light and during leaf development, and the CsTGase protein was expressed in the chloroplast and the cell wall. The overexpression of the CsTGase gene effectively ameliorated salt-induced photoinhibition in tobacco plants, increased the levels of chloroplast polyamines (PAs) and enhanced the abundance of D1 and D2 proteins. TGase also induced the expression of photosynthesis related genes and remodeling of thylakoids under normal conditions. However, salt stress treatment reduced the photosynthesis rate, PSII and PSI related genes expression, D1 and D2 proteins in wild-type (WT) plants, while these effects were alleviated in CsTGase overexpression plants. Taken together, our results indicate that TGase-dependent PA signaling protects the proteins of thylakoids, which plays a critical role in plant response to salt stress. Thus, overexpression of TGase may be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance to salt stress of salt-sensitive crops in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China.
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China.
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Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Paluch-Lubawa E, Mattoo AK, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Gregersen PL, Pacak A. Polyamines - A New Metabolic Switch: Crosstalk With Networks Involving Senescence, Crop Improvement, and Mammalian Cancer Therapy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:859. [PMID: 31354753 PMCID: PMC6635640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight organic cations comprising biogenic amines that play multiple roles in plant growth and senescence. PA metabolism was found to play a central role in metabolic and genetic reprogramming during dark-induced barley leaf senescence (DILS). Robust PA catabolism can impact the rate of senescence progression in plants. We opine that deciphering senescence-dependent polyamine-mediated multidirectional metabolic crosstalks is important to understand regulation and involvement of PAs in plant death and re-mobilization of nutrients during senescence. This will involve optimizing the use of PA biosynthesis inhibitors, robust transgenic approaches to modulate PA biosynthetic and catabolic genes, and developing novel germplasm enriched in pro- and anti-senescence traits to ensure sustained crop productivity. PA-mediated delay of senescence can extend the photosynthesis capacity, thereby increasing grain starch content in malting grains such as barley. On the other hand, accelerating the onset of senescence can lead to increases in mineral and nitrogen content in grains for animal feed. Unraveling the "polyamine metabolic switch" and delineating the roles of PAs in senescence should further our knowledge about autophagy mechanisms involved in plant senescence as well as mammalian systems. It is noteworthy that inhibitors of PA biosynthesis block cell viability in animal model systems (cell tumor lines) to control some cancers, in this instance, proliferative cancer cells were led toward cell death. Likewise, PA conjugates work as signal carriers for slow release of regulatory molecule nitric oxide in the targeted cells. Taken together, these and other outcomes provide examples for developing novel therapeutics for human health wellness as well as developing plant resistance/tolerance to stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka,
| | - Ewelina Paluch-Lubawa
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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28
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Prudencio ÁS, Werner O, Martínez-García PJ, Dicenta F, Ros RM, Martínez-Gómez P. DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113542. [PMID: 30423798 PMCID: PMC6274898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela S Prudencio
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Olaf Werner
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Dicenta
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ros
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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29
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Prudencio ÁS, Werner O, Martínez-García PJ, Dicenta F, Ros RM, Martínez-Gómez P. DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 30423798 DOI: 10.3542/ijms19113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela S Prudencio
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Olaf Werner
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Dicenta
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ros
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine have been implicated in a myriad of biological functions in many organisms. Research done during the last decades has accumulated a large body of evidence demonstrating that polyamines are key modulators of plant growth and development. Different experimental approaches have been employed including the measurement of endogenous polyamine levels and the activities of polyamine metabolic enzymes, the study of the effects resulting from exogenous polyamine applications and chemical or genetic manipulation of endogenous polyamine titers. This chapter reviews the role of PAs in seed germination, root development, plant architecture, in vitro plant regeneration, flowering and plant senescence. Evidence presented here indicates that polyamines should be regarded as plant growth regulators with potential applications in agriculture and plant biotechnology.
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de Almeida ML, Casemiro FG, Baba CT, Monteiro D, Fornazieri M, Cerri N, Fernandes DFM, de Oliveira Gomes GA. Studies About Physical Activity Interventions Including Follow-Up Analysis: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:462-467. [PMID: 29542365 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have used the follow-up method to analyze real behavioral changes in research involving physical activity (PA) interventions. This has great scientific value; however, it is hard to apply without satisfactory resources and research funding. Little is known about how many studies have used this method to analyze PA interventions in low-income and middle-income countries, especially Brazil. PURPOSE To describe Brazilian studies using follow-up analysis after PA interventions. METHODS A systematic review was performed including Brazilian studies with follow-up analysis after PA interventions; the analyzed papers were from the previous 10 years. The search was carried out in Portuguese, English, and Spanish in the following databases: SciELO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature, PubMed, and Scopus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis method was used. RESULTS In total, 6 of the 7 studies analyzed were from the southeast region, with the intervention time ranging from 2 to 12 months, carrying out follow-up every 5.3 months with 2.2 observations on average. The interventions had a behavioral approach and were generally carried out in universities, hospitals, and ambulatory care. CONCLUSION Studies on PA interventions using follow-up analysis are scarce. Considering the relevance of follow-up studies to measure behavior changes, the results suggest that more studies about this topic are essential in Brazil.
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Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are essential biomolecules that are known to be involved in the regulation of many plant developmental and growth processes as well as their response to different environmental stimuli. Maintaining the cellular pools of PAs or their metabolic precursors and by-products is critical to accomplish their normal functions. Therefore, the titre of PAs in the cells must be under tight regulation to enable cellular PA homeostasis. Polyamine homeostasis is hence achieved by the regulation of their input into the cellular PA pool, their conversion into secondary metabolites, their transport to other issues/organs, and their catabolism or turnover. The major contributors of input to the PA pools are their in vivo biosynthesis, interconversion between different PAs, and transport from other tissues/organs; while the output or turnover of PAs is facilitated by transport, conjugation and catabolism. Polyamine metabolic pathways including the biosynthesis, catabolism/turnover and conjugation with various organic molecules have been widely studied in all kingdoms. Discoveries on the molecular transporters facilitating the intracellular and intercellular translocation of PAs have also been reported. Numerous recent studies using transgenic approaches and mutagenesis have shown that plants can tolerate quite large concentrations of PAs in the cells; even though, at times, high cellular accumulation of PAs is quite detrimental, and so is high rate of catabolism. The mechanism by which plants tolerate such large quantities of PAs is still unclear. Interestingly, enhanced PA biosynthesis via manipulation of the PA metabolic networks has been suggested to contribute directly to increased growth and improvements in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses; hence greater biomass and productivity. Genetic manipulation of the PA metabolic networks has also been shown to improve plant nitrogen assimilation capacity, which may in turn lead to enhanced carbon assimilation. These potential benefits on top of the widely accepted role of PAs in improving plants' tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors are invaluable tools for future plant improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegi Wuddineh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Road, Rudman Hall, RM 103, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Subhash C Minocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Road, Rudman Hall, RM 103, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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Paris R, Pagliarani G, Savazzini F, Aloisi I, Iorio RA, Tartarini S, Ricci G, Del Duca S. Comparative analysis of allergen genes and pro-inflammatory factors in pollen and fruit of apple varieties. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:57-68. [PMID: 28969803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergy to freshly consumed apple fruits is often associated to pollinosis and manifested as oral allergy syndrome (OAS). The allergenic properties of apple varieties differ greatly, spanning from low allergenic to high allergenic varieties. The knowledge of the genetic determinants for allergenicity has been of great interest in scientific community for several years, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still little understood. Here, factors putatively involved in allergenicity were investigated at biochemical and molecular level in pollen and in fruits of apple varieties differing in their allergenic potential. Among putative sensitizing factors, transglutaminase (TGase) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were considered together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and known apple allergen genes, with particular attention devoted to the Mal d 1 gene family, the most important one in sensitization. We found that the expression of some allergen genes and the activities of TGase, PLA2 and ROS producing enzyme are lower in the hypo-allergenic variety 'Durello di Forlì' in comparison with the high-allergenic genotypes 'Gala' and 'Florina'. These results highlight correlations among allergen expressions, enzymatic activities and apple cultivars; these data underline the possibility that some of them could be used in the future as markers for allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Paris
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella, 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Savazzini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Iorio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Tartarini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Leaf senescence is a terminal step in plant growth and development. Considerable information on processes and signals involved in this process has been obtained, although comparatively little is known about leaf senescence in monocotyledonous plants. In particular, little is known about players involved in leaf senescence imposed by a prolonged dark treatment. New information has now been unveiled on dark-induced leaf senescence in a monocot, barley. A close association has been found between ubiquitous polyamines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senescence of barley leaves during prolonged darkness. Although polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are absolutely essential for critical cellular functions, including regulation of nucleic acids and protein synthesis, macromolecular structural integrity, and signalling, a strong link between polyamines and dark-induced leaf senescence has been found using barley plant as a model of monocots. Interestingly, Arabidopsis polyamine back-conversion oxidase mutants deficient in the conversion of spermine to spermidine and/or spermidine to putrescine do not occur and have delayed entry into dark-induced leaf senescence. This review summarizes the recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence implicating concurrently polyamines and ethylene in dark-induced leaf senescence and broadening our knowledge on the mechanistic events involved in this important plant death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Ubaidillah M, Safitri FA, Jo JH, Lee SK, Hussain A, Mun BG, Chung IK, Yun BW, Kim KM. Roles of plant hormones and anti-apoptosis genes during drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 3 Biotech 2016; 6:247. [PMID: 28330319 PMCID: PMC5114211 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the rice (Oryza sativa) senescence-associated gene OsSAP which encodes a highly conserved protein involved in anti-apoptotic activity. This novel Bax suppressor-related gene regulates tolerance to multiple stresses in yeast. Here, we show the effects of drought stress on leaf and root tissues of plants over-expressing OsSAP in relation to the levels of phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin. Results showed that rice plants over-expressing SAP were tolerant to drought stress compared to wild type and the plants over-expressing AtBI-1, which is a homolog of the human Bax inhibitor-1 in Arabidopsis. ABA and JA levels in OsSAP and AtBI-1 transgenic plants consistently increased up to at least 3 days after drought treatment, whereas lower GA3 levels were recorded during early drought period. Comparison between control and transgenic plants overexpressing anti-apoptosis genes OsSAP and AtBI-1 resulted in different patterns of hormone levels, indicating that these genes are involved in the plant responses to drought stress and present an opportunity for further study on drought stress tolerance in rice and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ubaidillah
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Fika Ayu Safitri
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Jo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Il Kyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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Li L, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Lu X, Zhou Z, Zhao C, Xu G. Comprehensive investigation of tobacco leaves during natural early senescence via multi-platform metabolomics analyses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37976. [PMID: 27897248 PMCID: PMC5126694 DOI: 10.1038/srep37976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of leaf growth and development. Many different physiological activities occur during this process. A comprehensive metabolomics analysis of tobacco middle leaves at 5 different developmental stages was implemented through multi-platform methods based on liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In total, 412 metabolites were identified, including pigments, sterols, lipids, amino acids, polyamines, sugars and secondary metabolites. Dramatic metabolic changes were observed. Firstly, membrane degradation and chlorophyll down-regulation occurred after the 50% flower bud stage. Levels of major membrane lipids decreased, including those of the glycolipids in chloroplast thylakoids and phospholipids in membrane envelopes. Clear decreases in free sterols and acylated sterol glucosides were detected along with the accumulation of sterol esters. The accumulation of alkaloids was found. The amino acid levels were significantly decreased, particularly those of N-rich amino acids (glutamine and asparagine), thus reflecting N translocation. Subsequently, the antioxidant system was activated. Sugar alcohols and polyphenols accumulated when the lower leaves turned yellow. These results comprehensively revealed the metabolic changes that occur during tobacco leaf development and senescence under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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38
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León J, Costa Á, Castillo MC. Nitric oxide triggers a transient metabolic reprogramming in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37945. [PMID: 27885260 PMCID: PMC5122866 DOI: 10.1038/srep37945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates plant growth and development as well as responses to stress that enhanced its endogenous production. Arabidopsis plants exposed to a pulse of exogenous NO gas were used for untargeted global metabolomic analyses thus allowing the identification of metabolic processes affected by NO. At early time points after treatment, NO scavenged superoxide anion and induced the nitration and the S-nitrosylation of proteins. These events preceded an extensive though transient metabolic reprogramming at 6 h after NO treatment, which included enhanced levels of polyamines, lipid catabolism and accumulation of phospholipids, chlorophyll breakdown, protein and nucleic acid turnover and increased content of sugars. Accordingly, lipid-related structures such as root cell membranes and leaf cuticle altered their permeability upon NO treatment. Besides, NO-treated plants displayed degradation of starch granules, which is consistent with the increased sugar content observed in the metabolomic survey. The metabolic profile was restored to baseline levels at 24 h post-treatment, thus pointing up the plasticity of plant metabolism in response to nitroxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), CPI Edificio 8E, Avda. Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), CPI Edificio 8E, Avda. Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari-Cruz Castillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), CPI Edificio 8E, Avda. Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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López Gialdi AI, Moschen S, Villán CS, López Fernández MP, Maldonado S, Paniego N, Heinz RA, Fernandez P. Identification and characterization of contrasting sunflower genotypes to early leaf senescence process combining molecular and physiological studies (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:40-50. [PMID: 27457982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism ruled by multiple genetic and environmental variables that affect crop yields. It is the last stage in leaf development, is characterized by an active decline in photosynthetic rate, nutrients recycling and cell death. The aim of this work was to identify contrasting sunflower inbred lines differing in leaf senescence and to deepen the study of this process in sunflower. Ten sunflower genotypes, previously selected by physiological analysis from 150 inbred genotypes, were evaluated under field conditions through physiological, cytological and molecular analysis. The physiological measurement allowed the identification of two contrasting senescence inbred lines, R453 and B481-6, with an increase in yield in the senescence delayed genotype. These findings were confirmed by cytological and molecular analysis using TUNEL, genomic DNA gel electrophoresis, flow sorting and gene expression analysis by qPCR. These results allowed the selection of the two most promising contrasting genotypes, which enables future studies and the identification of new biomarkers associated to early senescence in sunflower. In addition, they allowed the tuning of cytological techniques for a non-model species and its integration with molecular variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I López Gialdi
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C S Villán
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7.5, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - M P López Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Paniego
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R A Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Fernandez
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Ioannidis NE, Malliarakis D, Torné JM, Santos M, Kotzabasis K. The Over-expression of the Plastidial Transglutaminase from Maize in Arabidopsis Increases the Activation Threshold of Photoprotection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:635. [PMID: 27242838 PMCID: PMC4861818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastidial transglutaminase is one of the most promising enzymes in chloroplast bioenergetics due to its link with polyamine pathways and the cross talk with signals such as Ca(2+) and GTP. Here, we show the effect of the increase of transglutaminase activity in Arabidopsis by using genetic transformation techniques. These lines fulfill their biological cycle normally (normal growth in soil, production of viable seeds) and show a relatively mild increase in transglutaminase activity (127%). These overexpressors of transglutaminase (OE TGase) have an extended stroma thylakoid network (71% higher number of PSIIβ centers), similar chlorophyll content (-4%), higher linear electron flow (+13%), and higher threshold of photoprotection activation (∼100%). On the other hand OE TGase showed a reduced maximum photochemistry of PSII (-6.5%), a smaller antenna per photosystem II (-25%), a lower photoprotective "energization" quenching or qE (-77% at 490 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) due to a higher threshold of qE activation and slightly lower light induced proton motive force (-17%). The role of the polyamines and of the transglutaminase in the regulation of chemiosmosis and photoprotection in chloroplasts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josep M. Torné
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural GenomicsBarcelona, Spain
| | - Mireya Santos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural GenomicsBarcelona, Spain
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41
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Aloisi I, Cai G, Serafini-Fracassini D, Del Duca S. Transglutaminase as polyamine mediator in plant growth and differentiation. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2467-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Participation of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines in biochemical interactions between wheat (Triticum aestivum; Poaceae) and bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi; Aphididae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Sequera-Mutiozabal MI, Erban A, Kopka J, Atanasov KE, Bastida J, Fotopoulos V, Alcázar R, Tiburcio AF. Global Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (AtPAO4) Loss-of-Function Mutants Exhibiting Delayed Dark-Induced Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:173. [PMID: 26925084 PMCID: PMC4757743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Early and more recent studies have suggested that some polyamines (PAs), and particularly spermine (Spm), exhibit anti-senescence properties in plants. In this work, we have investigated the role of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (PAO4), encoding a PA back-conversion oxidase, during dark-induced senescence. Two independent PAO4 (pao4-1 and pao4-2) loss-of-function mutants have been found that accumulate 10-fold higher Spm, and this associated with delayed entry into senescence under dark conditions. Mechanisms underlying pao4 delayed senescence have been studied using global metabolic profiling by GC-TOF/MS. pao4 mutants exhibit constitutively higher levels of important metabolites involved in redox regulation, central metabolism and signaling that support a priming status against oxidative stress. During senescence, interactions between PAs and oxidative, sugar and nitrogen metabolism have been detected that additively contribute to delayed entry into senescence. Our results indicate the occurrence of metabolic interactions between PAs, particularly Spm, with cell oxidative balance and transport/biosynthesis of amino acids as a strategy to cope with oxidative damage produced during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren I. Sequera-Mutiozabal
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kostadin E. Atanasov
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLimassol, Cyprus
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio F. Tiburcio,
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro TAKAHASHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University
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45
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Aloisi I, Cai G, Serafini-Fracassini D, Del Duca S. Polyamines in Pollen: From Microsporogenesis to Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:155. [PMID: 26925074 PMCID: PMC4757701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The entire pollen life span is driven by polyamine (PA) homeostasis, achieved through fine regulation of their biosynthesis, oxidation, conjugation, compartmentalization, uptake, and release. The critical role of PAs, from microsporogenesis to pollen-pistil interaction during fertilization, is suggested by high and dynamic transcript levels of PA biosynthetic genes, as well as by the activities of the corresponding enzymes. Moreover, exogenous supply of PAs strongly affects pollen maturation and pollen tube elongation. A reduction of endogenous free PAs impacts pollen viability both in the early stages of pollen development and during fertilization. A number of studies have demonstrated that PAs largely function by modulating transcription, by structuring pollen cell wall, by modulating protein (mainly cytoskeletal) assembly as well as by modulating the level of reactive oxygen species. Both free low-molecular weight aliphatic PAs, and PAs conjugated to proteins and hydroxyl-cinnamic acids take part in these complex processes. Here, we review both historical and recent evidence regarding molecular events underlying the role of PAs during pollen development. In the concluding remarks, the outstanding issues and directions for future research that will further clarify our understanding of PA involvement during pollen life are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di BolognaBologna, Italia
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di SienaSiena, Italia
| | | | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di BolognaBologna, Italia
- *Correspondence: Stefano Del Duca,
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Aloisi I, Cai G, Tumiatti V, Minarini A, Del Duca S. Natural polyamines and synthetic analogs modify the growth and the morphology of Pyrus communis pollen tubes affecting ROS levels and causing cell death. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:92-105. [PMID: 26398794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are small molecules necessary for pollen maturation and tube growth. Their role is often controversial, since they may act as pro-survival factors as well as factors promoting Programmed Cell Death (PCD). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of exogenous PAs on the apical growth of pear (Pyrus communis) pollen tube and to understand if PAs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are interconnected in the process of tip-growth. In the present study besides natural PAs, also aryl-substituted spermine and methoctramine (Met 6-8-6) analogs were tested. Among the natural PAs, Spm showed strongest effects on tube growth. Spm entered through the pollen tube tip, then diffused in the sub-apical region that underwent drastic morphological changes, showing enlarged tip. Analogs were mostly less efficient than natural PAs but BD23, an asymmetric synthetic PAs bearing a pyridine ring, showed similar effects. These effects were related to the ability of PAs to cause the decrease of ROS level in the apical zone, leading to cell death, counteracted by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO (DEVD). In conclusions, ROS are essential for pollen germination and a strict correlation between ROS regulation and PA concentration is reported. Moreover, an imbalance between ROS and PAs can be detrimental thereby driving pollen toward cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 25, Rimini, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy.
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47
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Cheng WH, Wang FL, Cheng XQ, Zhu QH, Sun YQ, Zhu HG, Sun J. Polyamine and Its Metabolite H2O2 Play a Key Role in the Conversion of Embryogenic Callus into Somatic Embryos in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1063. [PMID: 26697030 PMCID: PMC4667013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to increase understanding about the mechanism by which polyamines (PAs) promote the conversion of embryogenic calli (EC) into somatic embryos in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). We measured the levels of endogenous PAs and H2O2, quantified the expression levels of genes involved in the PAs pathway at various stages of cotton somatic embryogenesis (SE), and investigated the effects of exogenous PAs and H2O2 on differentiation and development of EC. Putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) significantly increased from the EC stage to the early phase of embryo differentiation. The levels of Put then decreased until the somatic embryo stage whereas Spd and Spm remained nearly the same. The expression profiles of GhADC genes were consistent with changes in Put during cotton SE. The H2O2 concentrations began to increase significantly at the EC stage, during which time both GhPAO1 and GhPAO4 expressions were highest and PAO activity was significantly increased. Exogenous Put, Spd, Spm, and H2O2 not only enhanced embryogenic callus growth and embryo formation, but also alleviated the effects of D-arginine and 1, 8-diamino-octane, which are inhibitors of PA synthesis and PAO activity. Overall, the results suggest that both PAs and their metabolic product H2O2 are essential for the conversion of EC into somatic embryos in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Cheng
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
| | - Fan-Long Wang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
| | - Xin-Qi Cheng
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- Agriculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yu-Qiang Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Guo Zhu
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Sun, ; Hua-Guo Zhu,
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Sun, ; Hua-Guo Zhu,
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48
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Polyamines are common players in different facets of plant programmed cell death. Amino Acids 2014; 47:27-44. [PMID: 25399055 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that occurs throughout the life span of every plant life, from initial germination of the seed to the senescence of the plant. It is a normal physiological milestone during the plant's developmental process, but it can also be induced by external factors, including a variety of environmental stresses and as a response to pathogen infections. Changes in the morphology of the nucleus is one of the most noticeable during PCD but all the components of the plant cell (cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and organelles) are involved in this fascinating process. To date, relatively little is known about PCD in plants, but several factors, among which polyamines (PAs) and plant growth regulators, have been shown to play an important role in the initiation and regulation of the process. The role of PAs in plant PCD appears to be multifaceted acting in some instances as pro-survival molecules, whereas in others seem to be implicated in accelerating PCD. The molecular mechanism is still under study. Here we present some PCD plant models, focusing on the role of the enzyme responsible for PA conjugation to proteins: transglutaminase (TGase), an enzyme linked with the process of PCD also in some animal models. The role of PAs and plant TGase in the senescence and PCD in flowers, leaf and the self-incompatibility of pollen will be discussed and examined in depth.
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Alcázar R, Tiburcio AF. Plant polyamines in stress and development: an emerging area of research in plant sciences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:319. [PMID: 25071802 PMCID: PMC4080260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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