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Liu A, Liu M, Ren Y, Zhang LM, Peng Y. Dynamic networks of complex posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among college students with childhood trauma: insights from cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel network analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2391656. [PMID: 39286882 PMCID: PMC11409419 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2391656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: There is a current research gap regarding the symptom structure and underlying causal relationships between complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study used a cross-sectional network and cross-lag panel network (CLPN) to examine how CPTSD and depression symptoms interact over time in Chinese college students with childhood trauma.Methods: From 18,933 college students who took part in 2 surveys 12 months apart, 4006 participants (mean age: 20.07 ± 2.04) who reported childhood trauma were screened. Within this sample, there were 2354 (58.8%) males and 1652 (41.2%) females.Results: In the one-year interval CLPN model, it was found that depressive symptoms may precede other symptoms. Specifically, negative emotions and negative self-evaluations are more likely to predict subsequent symptoms. Conversely, in CPTSD, symptoms related to fear and anxiety, such as avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal, are more frequently activated by other symptoms, including negative emotionsConclusions: This finding offers a novel perspective on the interplay between CPTSD and depression, extending the existing theory. From a clinical standpoint, the points of intervention for comorbidity between depression and CPTSD who have experienced childhood trauma differ across different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiao Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lake Mozi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Students Mental Health Education & Counseling Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ala S, Ramos-Campos F, Relva IC. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress and Mental Health in a Sample of University Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Psychological Well-Being. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2262-2281. [PMID: 39194945 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most stressful events in recent times across the world. The long-term effect of these experiences raises several concerns, including the development of post-traumatic stress symptomatology. However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. The aim of this study was to explore the association of emotional exhaustion and anxiety in post-traumatic stress symptomatology, and the mediating role of resilience and psychological well-being in university students. A total of 526 university students of both sexes participated in this study, and they were aged between 17 and 62 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in females, in contrast, males showed on average more resilience and psychological well-being. Additionally, participants with COVID-19 infection had higher levels of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and PTSD. The results indicated that the variables were correlated with each other (p < 0.001). A conceptual model was confirmed that describes anxiety and emotional exhaustion as predictors, post-traumatic stress symptomatology as an outcome variable, and resilience and psychological well-being as mediators. Resilience and psychological well-being can be important protective factors for adaptive responses in stressful situations. The findings obtained in this study will provide a theoretical basis for designing targeted interventions to improve psychological health, whether for crisis intervention, the process of adapting to higher education, or for recovery plans from psychological trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Ala
- Department of Social Sciences, Life and Public Health Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Health, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Group on Neuroscience and Psychiatric Illnesses in Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria Galicia Sur, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramos-Campos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Brandt L, Anthonipillai NJ, López-Castro T, Melara R, Espinosa A. Substance use trajectories among urban college students: associations with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression before and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1717-1726. [PMID: 35728099 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored substance use trajectories and associations with mental health among an ethnically/racially diverse college student sample before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We combined repeated cross-sections and panel data from a total of 3,247 college students assessed with an online survey in 2018, 2019, and in three waves in 2020. We estimated trends in substance use and their relation to mental health over the survey waves using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results revealed notable associations between 30-day substance use patterns, time of assessment, and psychological well-being. These findings suggest a complex interplay between access to substances, context of substance use, and mental health. We discuss several initiatives that have been launched in response to the results of this ongoing study. Such initiatives may serve as examples for expanding similar efforts to other commuter colleges to prevent further increases in mental health problems and risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brandt
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Melara
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Espinosa
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Arslan G, Coşkun M. Coronavirus-Related Stressors, Resilient Mindset, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1633-1651. [PMID: 36377653 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak alarmingly threats the mental health and functioning of people globally. The present study aims to examine the moderated mediation role of resilient mindset and loneliness in the association of coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. We recruited 394 undergraduate students from a state university in Türkiye, ranging in age between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.76, SD = 3.88; 65% female). The main results revealed that resilient mindset mediated the relationship between coronavirus-related stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, loneliness moderated the mediating effect of resilient mindset in the coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms association. Taken together, these findings pointed out that the effects of the coronavirus stress on depressive symptoms can be captured better by underlying psychological mechanisms, namely resilient mindset and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammet Coşkun
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
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Xu Y, Ni Y, Yang J, Wu J, Lin Y, Li J, Zeng W, Zeng Y, Huang D, Wu X, Shao J, Li Q, Zhu Z. The relationship between the psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a model of conditioned processes mediated by negative emotions and moderated by deliberate rumination. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:357. [PMID: 38890704 PMCID: PMC11186135 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of researchers. For the present study researchers constructed a mediation model to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth, the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of deliberate rumination in students. METHODS The Psychological Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Event Related Rumination Inventory were used in a survey of 881 college students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS plugin (version 3.3). RESULTS (1) Psychological resilience is positively related with post-traumatic growth. Deliberate rumination is positively related to psychological resilience, posttraumatic growth, and negative emotions. Psychological resilience, post-traumatic growth and negative emotions are negatively related. (2) Negative emotions mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth. (3) Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in psychological resilience affecting negative emotions. Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in the extent to which psychological resilience influences PTG through negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience affects post-traumatic growth directly and also indirectly through negative emotions. With the increase of mental resilience, the level of negative emotion tended to decrease. When individuals are experiencing negative emotions, high levels of active rumination are more likely to promote post-traumatic growth. This study helps to explore the factors affecting the mental health of college students during the epidemic, thus providing guidance for appropriate mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghui Ni
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yating Lin
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jialu Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongtao Huang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xingrou Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinlian Shao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Office of International Cooperation and Exchange, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
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Filiz B, Özyol FC, Güven B, Korur EN, Yüksel Y, Yavuz CI, Ding K, Yang J, Durstine JL, Chin MK, Demirhan G. Physical activity, anxiety, depression, and coping in Turkish men and women during the first wave of COVID-19. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00057123. [PMID: 38896591 PMCID: PMC11178373 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen057123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A need exists to better understand the relationships between COVID-19, coping behaviors, physical activity and stress, and COVID-19's impact on way of life. A cross-sectional study design was used to examine adult physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the impact of these variables on the coping process. The study also examined the effect of gender on the relation between physical activity and dependent variables. A global survey instrument was used in this study, including 1,400 Turkish adults. This study identified significant gender-based differences regarding physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status of adults, although no significant gender-based difference was found regarding hope scores. Furthermore, physical activity directly influenced coping (β = 0.10), hope (β = 0.12), and anxiety (β = -0.08). Hope directly and positively influenced coping (β = 0.45) and directly and negatively influenced anxiety (β = -0.25) and depression (β = -0.28). Moreover, gender did not directly affect physical activity, but it was associated with decreased coping and increased depression and anxiety. Finally, gender had no effect on the relation between physical activity and hope, coping, depression, and anxiety (p > 0.01). These outcomes support the critical importance of physical activity and hope when coping with COVID-19 regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijen Filiz
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Funda Coşkun Özyol
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Bengü Güven
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Nur Korur
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Yüksel
- Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | | | - Kele Ding
- School of Health Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, U.S.A
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A
| | - J Larry Durstine
- Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Ming-Kai Chin
- Foundation for Global Community Health, Las Vegas, U.S.A
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Ren Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Zeng D, Chi X. Identifying patterns of multidimensional self-compassion in Chinese young adults: implications for longitudinal mental health outcomes during the pandemic. J Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38850018 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2361231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-compassion (SC), reflecting self-attitude and self-connectedness, has proven to be a modifiable factor in promoting mental health outcomes. Increasingly, SC is recognized as a multidimensional construct consisting of six dimensions, rather than a single dimension. OBJECTIVES First, this study adopted a person-centered approach to explore profiles of SC dimensions in Chinese young adults. Second, the study examined the predictive effects of SC profiles on mental health outcomes. METHODS In February 2020, young adults (N = 1164) were invited to complete the 26-item Neff's Self-Compassion Scale online. Three months later, the same subjects (N = 1099) reported their levels of depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). RESULTS After controlling for retrospective ACEs, four classes best characterized the profiles: self-compassionate (26.7%, N = 294), self-uncompassionate (12.3%, N = 135), average (55.9%, N = 614), and detached groups (5.1%, N = 56). Young adults in the self-compassionate group adjusted the best (with the highest level of PTG and the lowest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Adults in the self-uncompassionate group demonstrated the poorest mental health outcomes (with the lowest level of PTG and the highest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Young adults in the average group obtained more PTG than adults in the detached group (p < .01), but did not differ significantly in depressive and PTSD symptoms (p > .05). CONCLUSION The compassionate profile is the most adaptable for young adults among all groups. This study highlights the limitations of representing the relative balance of SC with a composite score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Zeng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Bhattarai A, King N, Dimitropoulos G, Cunningham S, Rivera D, Tough S, Bulloch AGM, Patten SB, Duffy A. Did childhood adversity increase the vulnerability of university students to the negative mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38830179 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2360424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine a potential synergistic effect of history of childhood adversity and COVID-19 pandemic exposure on the association with mental health concerns in undergraduate students. Participants: We used U-Flourish Survey data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (during-pandemic) first-year cohorts (n = 3,149) identified at entry to a major Canadian University. METHODS Interactions between childhood adversity (physical and sexual abuse, and peer bullying) and COVID-19 pandemic exposure regarding mental health concern (depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidality, and non-suicidal self-harm) were examined on an additive scale. RESULTS We found a positive additive interaction between physical abuse and pandemic exposure in relation to suicidality (combined effect was greater than additive effect (risk difference 0.54 vs. 0.36)). Conversely, less than additive interactions between peer bullying and pandemic regarding depression and anxiety were observed. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities have diverse reactions to adult stressor depending on the nature of the childhood adversity and the mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattarai
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Simone Cunningham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew G M Bulloch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne Duffy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Liu A, Ren Y, Yang S, Li Z, Zhu Z, Zhang LM, Peng Y. Contemporaneous and temporal network analysis of complex Posttraumatic stress disorder among Chinese college students with Childhood adversity: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115872. [PMID: 38581767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance understanding of the longitudinal progression of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, this longitudinal study examined how CPTSD symptoms interact over time in Chinese college students with childhood trauma. METHODS From 18,933 college students who took part in two surveys 12 months apart, 4,006 participants who reported adverse childhood experiences were screened. Cross-sectional network comparisons and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis characterized interactions among CPTSD symptoms. RESULTS In the cross-sectional networks, feeling like a failure and avoid activities reminiscent of the trauma were the central symptoms. Takes long time to calm down and exaggerated startle are important bridge symptoms in the two networks respectively. The comparison of cross-sectional networks indicates that the global network strength was stable. The findings of the CLPN model reveal that feel worthless and feel like a failure had the highest "out" expected influence; exaggerated startle and avoid thoughts and feelings about the trauma had the highest "in" expected influence. CONCLUSIONS By conducting cross-sectional network analyses, the study illuminated the attributes of CPTSD networks across various time points. Additionally, the CLPN analysis uncovered the longitudinal patterns of CPTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yizhen Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zimi Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Zibin Zhu
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lake Mozi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yu Peng
- Students Mental Health Education & Counseling Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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Zhang Y, Chi X, Huang L, Yang X, Chen S. Cross-sectional association between 24-hour movement guidelines and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17217. [PMID: 38638158 PMCID: PMC11025541 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The world's first 24-h movement guidelines for adults were released on 15 October 2020 in Canada, though evidence of their associations with health indicators in young adults is sparse. This study aimed to report the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and associations with depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese university students. Methods Cross-sectional data from 1,793 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.7 years, 63.6% female) were used. Sociodemographic information, movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration), and depressive symptoms were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Results The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was 27.8% in Chinese university students. Logistic regression results show that compared to those who met the 24-h movement guidelines, odds ratio (OR) for depressive symptoms in those who met fewer recommendations contained in the 24-h movement guidelines were significantly higher (OR for none = 3.4, 95% CI [2.1-5.5], p < 0.001; OR for one = 2.7, 95% CI [2.0-3.8], p < 0.001; OR for two = 1.5, 95% CI [1.1-2.1], p = 0.013). Conclusion The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in Chinese university students was relatively low and should be enhanced through multiple strategies. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with lower risk for depression in Chinese young adults. It is suggested that moving more, sitting less and sleeping well in this population may reduce the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xingyi Yang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Huang L, Chi P, Wang E, Bu H, Chi X. Trajectories of complex posttraumatic stress symptoms among Chinese college students with childhood adversities: The role of self-compassion. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106138. [PMID: 36948929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is associated with severe impairments in psychosocial functions, but related longitudinal research is limited. To promote the mental health of college students with childhood adversities, it is imperative to investigate the development of CPTSD symptoms and the predictive factors. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the latent trajectories of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities and to identify the role of self-compassion in differentiating potential trajectories. METHODS A total of 294 college students with childhood adversities completed self-report questionnaires on demographic backgrounds, childhood adversities, CPTSD symptoms, and self-compassion three times with an interval of three months. Latent class growth analysis was used to determine the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between self-compassion and trajectories subgroups while adjusting for demographic variables. RESULTS Three heterogeneous groups of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities were identified: the low-symptoms group (n = 123, 41.8 %), the moderate-symptoms group (n = 108, 36.7 %), and the high-risk group (n = 63, 21.4 %). Multinomial logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for demographic variables, students with higher levels of self-compassion were less likely to belong to the moderate-symptoms and high-risk group in comparison to the low-symptoms group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms of college students with childhood adversities were heterogeneous. Self-compassion was a protective factor against the development of CPTSD symptoms. The present study provided insights into the mental health promotion for individuals with adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Enna Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Bu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wan J, Liu F. Analysis of the Psychological Factors Faced by the Final Year College Students of China During Job Interviews and While Choosing Careers. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2024; 53:24. [PMID: 38446244 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-024-10045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Career choice research has attracted the attention of recruiters and young graduates. The study aims to investigate the psychological factors that influence college students' employment choices. As a result, data for the study were gathered from 250 final-year college students in China via an online questionnaire survey. The study identified the psychological barriers faced by college students during job interviews through interviews with 120 h recruiters. The SPPS tool is used for data analysis. The study identified personal interest, self-efficacy, and self- esteem; social responsibilities; confidence; professional development opportunities; and future orientation as the important psychological factors that influence the career choice of college students. The study also found that the barriers faced by the college students during the interview were anxiety, inferiority complex, cowardice, and pride. Therefore, the study suggests that the college provides job-oriented training for college students' employment choices. The college should take the initiative to provide students with career opportunities and proper training to avoid psychological barriers during interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Graduate School, Cavite State University, Cavite, Philippines.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Foreign Studies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
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13
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Wieman ST, Fields JS, Arditte Hall KA, MacDonald HZ, Liverant GI. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anhedonia, reward exposure and responsiveness, and sleep in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:351-355. [PMID: 35298368 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2047705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on college student mental health and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although necessary, physical distancing abruptly restricts interaction with environmental rewards and disrupts sleep patterns, both of which may contribute to psychological symptoms (eg, depression and anhedonia). This study explored differences in psychological symptoms, reward exposure and responsiveness, and sleep before versus during the pandemic. Methods: Eighty-seven college students completed baseline questionnaires and a one-week daily diary paradigm. The sample was divided into two groups based on data collection before (pre-) or after (post-COVID-19) implementation of state-wide COVID-19 physical distancing measures. Results: Findings highlight higher anhedonia, decrements in exposure to social, professional, and exercise related rewards, lower aniticipatory reward responsiveness, and lower sleep efficiency among college students during the initial months of the pandemic. Conclusions: Findings suggest anhedonia, reward system functioning, and sleep may be important targets to mitigate against college student mental health sequelae during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Wieman
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Bin X, Qu KY, Wang YH, Chen L, Xiong YJ, Wen JF, Wei HB, Bing T, Dan CY, Zhu JQ. Prevalence of depression, anxiety in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1267764. [PMID: 38249392 PMCID: PMC10796455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health risks associated with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic are often overlooked by the public. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety disorders in China. Methods Studies were analyzed and extracted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. The studies were screened and extracted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov according to the predefined eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Review Manager software 5.3.1 was used for data analysis and the risk of bias assessment. Results As of 2023, a total of 9,212,751 Chinese have been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. A total of 913,036 participants in 44 studies were selected following the eligibility criteria, the statistical information of which was collected for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.35; I2 = 100.0%, p < 0.001) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.36; I2 = 100.0%, p < 0.001), respectively. After performing a subgroup analysis, the prevalence of depression among women, healthcare workers, students, and adolescents was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.41), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.44), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.39), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.44), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the Chinese was overall high. Monitoring and surveillance of the mental health status of the population during crises such as sudden global pandemics are imperative. Systematic review registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [CRD42023402190].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Bin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Yi Qu
- Department of Stomatology, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Wang
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Fu Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Endocrinology of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Bo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Bing
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Dan
- Department of Human Resources, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Quan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
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15
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Chai W, Shek DTL. Mental health profiles and the related socio-demographic predictors in Hong Kong university students under the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115666. [PMID: 38071880 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant challenges to mental health of university students, there is limited research in this area. Particularly, few studies examined the person-centered mental health symptom profiles such as depression and anxiety and the related socio-demographic predictors. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), this study investigated the symptom profiles of depression and anxiety in university students in Hong Kong under the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-demographic predictors. A total of 978 undergraduate students completed an online questionnaire including socio-demographic factors and measures of depression and anxiety during the summer of 2022. The LCA identified three latent classes: "normal" group, "moderate comorbid depression and anxiety" group and "severe comorbid depression and anxiety" group. Multinominal logistic regression showed that comparing with the "normal" group and the "moderate symptom" group, the "severe symptom" group had higher personal financial difficulties and individual/family member unemployment during the pandemic. In contrast, other socio-demographic factors (age, gender, year of study, living status, and COVID-19 infection status) had no significant association with group status. The study contributes to understanding of person-centered depression and anxiety symptom profiles and the risk role of personal financial difficulty in mental health of university students under the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Chai
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China.
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16
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Bonnell LN, Clifton J, Natkin LW, Hitt JR, Littenberg B. The association of self-perceived changes due to COVID-19 with mental and physical health among adult primary care patients with multiple chronic conditions: A US-based longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMORBIDITY 2024; 14:26335565231222148. [PMID: 38250744 PMCID: PMC10798126 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231222148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the association between self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 and health among vulnerable primary care patients experiencing multiple chronic conditions. Methods Between September 2017 and February 2021, we obtained data from 2,426 primary care patients managing multiple chronic conditions from across the United States. We assessed the relationship between self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 and change in health measured by the PROMIS-29 mental and physical health summary scores, GAD-7 (anxiety), andPHQ-9 (depression), and DASI (functional capacity) adjusting for relevant demographic, neighborhood characteristics, and county covariates. Results After adjustment, self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 were associated with significantly worse mental health summary scores (ß = -0.55; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -0.72, -0.37), anxiety (ß = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.39), depression (ß = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.47), and physical health summary scores (ß = -0.44; 95% CI = 0.88, 0.00). There was no association with functional capacity (ß = - 0.05; 95% CI = -0.16, 0.05). Discussion Among adults managing multiple chronic conditions, self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 were associated with health. This vulnerable population may be particularly susceptible to the negative effects of COVID-19. As we do not know the long-term health effects of COVID, this paper establishes a baseline of epidemiological data on COVID-19 burden and health among primary care patients with multiple chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi N Bonnell
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, USA
| | - Jessica Clifton
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, USA
| | - Lisa W Natkin
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, USA
| | - Juvena R Hitt
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, USA
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17
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López Steinmetz LC, Godoy JC, Fong SB. A longitudinal study on depression and anxiety in college students during the first 106-days of the lengthy Argentinean quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Ment Health 2023; 32:1030-1039. [PMID: 34304678 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1952952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Argentinean quarantine is among the strictest and longest quarantines in the world. To determine if a worsening pattern on mental health would emerge with a prolonged quarantine duration, a longitudinal analysis pertaining to the lengthy mandatory Argentinean quarantine was conducted. AIM To examine depression and anxiety changes in college students, as a function of quarantine duration, demographic and health-related factors, during successive time cuts of the lengthy mandatory quarantine in Argentina. METHODS We used a longitudinal design, N = 1492 college students. For the first measurement, successive samplings were carried out across quarantine sub-periods of up to 106-days duration. The follow-up was one month later. RESULTS Particularly women, young, and having a history of mental disorder and suicidal behavior, were more depressed and anxious under mandatory restrictive quarantine conditions. Repeated measures of both depression and anxiety scores remained constantly high during the more restrictive quarantine sub-periods of up to 13 and 53-days duration, and decreased during the less restrictive quarantine sub-period of up to 106-days duration, but with small effect sizes (0.10-0.08). CONCLUSIONS Restrictive quarantine has negative effects on mental health outcomes. Partial spontaneous remissions of depression and anxiety symptoms may be expected with further quarantine relaxations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz
- Laboratorio de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Decanato de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Godoy
- Laboratorio de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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18
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Valladares-Garrido D, Quiroga-Castañeda PP, Berrios-Villegas I, Zila-Velasque JP, Anchay-Zuloeta C, Chumán-Sánchez M, Vera-Ponce VJ, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Failoc-Rojas VE, Díaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students in Peru: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1268872. [PMID: 38090694 PMCID: PMC10715266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1268872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms in medical students in Peru, during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19. Methods We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in 405 medical students from a university in northern Peru. The DASS-21 instrument was used to evaluate mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress), and to investigate their association with socio-educational characteristics. Results We found a prevalence of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms of 71.6% (95% CI: 66.94-75.95), 71.9% (95% CI: 67.2-76.2), and 62.7% (95% CI: 57.8-67.4); respectively. Students with eating behavior disorders had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR: 1.35), anxious symptoms (PR: 1.27), and stress symptoms (PR: 1.31). The prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR: 1.57), anxious symptoms (PR: 1.27), and stress symptoms (PR: 1.24) increased in students who did not report regular physical activity. In addition, having almost always academic exhaustion increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR: 1.46), stress symptoms (PR: 1.72). On the contrary, the prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR: 0.79), anxious symptoms (PR: 0.73) and stress symptoms (PR: 0.82) decreased in male students. Students who reported sleeping 8 or more hours daily had a lower prevalence of stress symptoms (PR: 0.82). Conclusion Symptoms of depression and anxiety occurred in 7 out of 10 students, and stress in 6 out of 10. Among the factors associated with the presence of anxiety, depression, and stress were eating behavior disorder and not regularly exercising. Periodic evaluations of mental symptomatology are required and counseling should be promoted in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
- Oficina de Salud Ocupacional, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura, Peru
| | | | | | - J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en La Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Claudia Anchay-Zuloeta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas (SCIEMVE), Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Marisella Chumán-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas (SCIEMVE), Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Víctor J. Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación para Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Red Peruana de Salud Colectiva, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
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19
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Alfasi Y. We only know that we don't know: attachment patterns and psychological coping during the COVID-19 pandemic - the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 163:806-825. [PMID: 35430955 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created sudden changes in many areas of daily life and increased uncertainty about the future. Two studies examined the association between attachment patterns and mental well-being during the pandemic, the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty (IOU), and factors related to social relationships and self-perceptions. The results of the first study, conducted at the outbreak of the pandemic, indicated that individuals with high levels of attachment anxiety experienced more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions at that time, and that IOU and perceived social support mediated these associations. The results of the second study, conducted several months into the pandemic, indicated an association between attachment anxiety and avoidance, and perceived stress during the time of the pandemic. Results of Study 2 also indicated that IOU mediated the association between attachment anxiety and stress, and that sense of coherence (SOC) mediated the association between attachment anxiety and avoidance, and stress. These findings underscore the adverse psychological effects of uncertain situations, especially for individuals with a fragile foundation of interpersonal support, thus emphasizing the need for action to reduce uncertainty, especially in times of emergency.
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Wang C, Wen W, Zhang H, Ni J, Jiang J, Cheng Y, Zhou M, Ye L, Feng Z, Ge Z, Luo H, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu W. Anxiety, depression, and stress prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2123-2130. [PMID: 34469261 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1960849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak rapidly became a pandemic. The psychological state of people during the COVID-19 pandemic has gained interest. Our aim was to study the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to September 20, 2020. Reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Stata14/SE was used to calculate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of anxiety, depression, and stress among college students from different countries. A random effects model was adopted. The Egger test was used to determine publication bias. Results: A total of 280 references were retrieved, and 28 papers met our inclusion criteria, for a total of 436,799 college students. Thirteen studies involved non-Chinese college students, and 15 studies involved Chinese college students. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress was 29% (95% CI, 19-25%), 37% (95% CI, 32-42%), and 23% (95% CI, 8-39%), respectively. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative psychological effect on college students, and the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among Chinese college students is lower than among non-Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifu Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Jiang
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Lan Ye
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongjun Ge
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Lin'an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Medical Key Discipline, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Wen Z, Li J, Shi Y, Meng S. The influences of dormitory exercise on negative emotions among quarantined Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1243670. [PMID: 37692305 PMCID: PMC10483225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study explores the influences of different types of dormitory exercise on the negative emotions of quarantined Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a 3-week intervention, participants self-selected into a rope skipping group (RSG), an aerobic exercise group (AEG), and a resistance exercise group (REG), while participants in the control group (CG) engaged, by choice, in no physical exercise. Exercise frequency was three times a week for 45 min, with an intensity of 60-80% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the intervention, all participants completed the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Student's t-test was used for intra-group comparisons, while ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons. Results Within the three exercise groups, there were some differences in the decrease levels of anxiety and depression, statistically significant at (p < 0.05); by contrast, the levels of anxiety and depression slightly increased in the CG group, again with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Comparing each of the RSG, AEG, and REG with the CG, we found some statistically significant differences in decreasing levels of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). A comparison of the RSG and REG with the AEG also revealed some significant differences in levels of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). However, the RSG and REG did not significantly differ in levels of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion Long-term and strict dormitory quarantine led to different levels of anxiety and depression among quarantined college students. The three different types of medium-intensity dormitory exercise evidently decreased anxiety and depression levels of quarantined college students, but aerobic exercise had the greatest influence, while rope skipping and resistance exercise had equivalent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zehui Wen
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junying Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongbin Shi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - ShuQiao Meng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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Kang H, Na PJ, Fischer IC, Tsai J, Tedeschi RG, Pietrzak RH. Pandemic-related posttraumatic psychological growth in U.S. military veterans: A 3-year, nationally representative, longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115370. [PMID: 37499281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the positive psychological changes or posttraumatic growth (PTG) in response to the pandemic as the COVID-19 vaccines has become widely available. This longitudinal study aimed to characterize changes in the prevalence of pandemic-related PTG, and to identify and quantify the relative importance of PTG correlates pre-pandemic, 1- year peri‑pandemic, and 2-years post-pandemic onset. A total of 2,441 U.S. military veterans completed Wave 3 assessment of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. In the full sample, a significant decrease from peri‑pandemic to 2-years post-pandemic onset was observed in overall pandemic-related PTG (41.5% to 32.2%) and four domains of PTG (appreciation of life, relating to others, personal strength, spiritual changes). Among veterans who screened positive for pandemic-related posttraumatic stress symptoms, the prevalence of pandemic-related PTG was markedly higher and did not change from peri‑pandemic to 2-years post-pandemic onset (78.4% to 73.4%). Greater pre-pandemic PTG (personal strength and new possibilities) and greater worries about the effect of pandemic on one's mental health were the strongest correlates of pandemic-related PTG 2-years post-pandemic onset. Results suggest that psychosocial interventions to bolster PTG in relation to early life traumas may help facilitate PTG in response to the pandemic and related crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Kang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Peter J Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ian C Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jack Tsai
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; National Center on Homelessness among Veterans, Homeless Programs Office, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Richard G Tedeschi
- Boulder Crest Institute for Posttraumatic Growth, Bluemont, VA, United States of America
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America.
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23
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Shek DTL, Chai W, Li X, Dou D. Profiles and predictors of mental health of university students in Hong Kong under the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1211229. [PMID: 37533721 PMCID: PMC10391639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mental health problems of university students in Hong Kong and related sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors under the pandemic. A total of 978 undergraduate students (mean age = 20.69 ± 1.61) completed an online questionnaire measuring sociodemographic factors, psychological morbidity, positive well-being, COVID-19 related stress and self-efficacy, and positive psychosocial attributes. Psychosocial risk factors included psychological morbidity, COVID-19 related stress, and difficulties encountered under the pandemic, whereas protective factors comprised pandemic related self-efficacy, positive psychological attributes, positive environmental factors, need satisfaction and positive perception toward service. Results showed that psychological morbidity in the participants was widespread, and it was related to sociodemographic factors, particularly family financial difficulties. While pandemic related stress positively predicted psychological morbidity and negatively predicted well-being indicators, COVID-19 self-efficacy showed an opposite effect. Besides, positive psychological attributes (resilience, emotional competence, and positive beliefs related to adversity) and environmental factors (healthy family functioning, peer support, and supportive community atmosphere) negatively predicted psychological morbidity and positively predicted well-being. Furthermore, need satisfaction and positive perception toward service were negatively associated with psychological morbidity and positively associated with well-being, while perceived difficulties showed an opposite effect.
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Andreadis M, Marshall TC. Social cure in the time of COVID-19: Social identity and belongingness predict greater well-being and academic motivation in university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37437200 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2227723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic increased negative affect and feelings of loneliness among university students. OBJECTIVE Given that identifying as a member of a social group, like a university student, serves as a protective factor against diminished well-being, we examined whether students' social identity might offer a "social cure" during COVID-related remote learning. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred fifty-six students from a large, public university that was fully remote in 2021. RESULTS Students with a stronger social identity as a member of their university reported lower loneliness and greater positive affect balance during remote learning. Social identification was also associated with greater academic motivation, whereas two well-established predictors of positive student outcomes - perceived social support and academic performance - were not. Nonetheless, academic performance, but not social identification, predicted lower general stress and COVID-related worry. CONCLUSIONS Social identity may be a potential social cure for university students who are learning remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Andreadis
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara C Marshall
- Department of Health, Aging & Society and Social Psychology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jeriček Klanšček H, Furman L. Socioeconomic Deprivation and Inequalities in Mental Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6233. [PMID: 37444081 PMCID: PMC10341098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the existing inequalities in education and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine socioeconomic disadvantages and mental well-being inequalities among Slovenian adolescents in October 2020. The study used nationally representative data from 3052 adolescents aged 14 and 18 (Mage = 14.4 and 18.4). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) was used to measure mental well-being and risk for depression. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify differences in the pattern of associations regarding sociodemographic characteristics and experiences during the pandemic with poor well-being and risk for depression. Our study found that adolescents from socially disadvantaged families faced poorer conditions as regards academic performance, had fewer opportunities to socialise with friends online, and were more likely to feel lonely; they reported lower levels of mental well-being and were at a higher risk for depression. The unemployment of both parents and adolescents' perceptions of family wealth were found to be the most important predictors of depression risk. In addition, experiencing deprivation and economic hardship during the pandemic was also identified as a significant predictor. The study concludes that social and economic conditions were critical determinants of adolescents' mental health during the pandemic and that effective intervention is needed to promote their well-being and reduce inequalities.
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Zhao Y, Liang K, Qu D, He Y, Wei X, Chi X. The Longitudinal Features of Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese College Students: A Network Perspective. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01802-w. [PMID: 37306836 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the risk of depressive symptoms among college students, but the long-term features of depressive symptoms on a symptom level have been poorly described. The current study investigated interaction patterns between depressive symptoms via network analysis. In this longitudinal study, participants included 860 Chinese college students (65.8% female; Mage = 20.6, SDage = 1.8, range: 17-27) who completed a questionnaire at three-time points three months apart. Results demonstrated that fatigue was the most influential symptom, and the occurrence of fatigue could give rise to other depressive symptoms. In addition to predicting other symptoms, fatigue could be predicted by other symptoms in the measurement. The network structures were similar across time, suggesting that the overall interaction pattern of depressive symptoms was stable over the longitudinal course. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 period are associated with the presence of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhan He
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wei
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Elharake JA, Akbar F, Malik AA, Gilliam W, Omer SB. Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:913-925. [PMID: 35013847 PMCID: PMC8747859 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide lockdown and school closures, which have placed a substantial mental health burden on children and college students. Through a systematic search of the literature on PubMed and Collabovid of studies published January 2020-July 2021, our findings of five studies on children and 16 studies on college students found that both groups reported feeling more anxious, depressed, fatigued, and distressed than prior to the pandemic. Several risk factors such as living in rural areas, low family socioeconomic status, and being a family member or friend to a healthcare worker were strongly associated with worse mental health outcomes. As schools and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health to support students at higher risk of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad A Elharake
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, 1 Church St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Faris Akbar
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, 1 Church St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amyn A Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, 1 Church St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter Gilliam
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saad B Omer
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, 1 Church St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
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Hu B, Yang X, Tuo X. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in college students by continents and national income during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129782. [PMID: 37251043 PMCID: PMC10217783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to provide a more accurate representation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students during COVID-19 by performing meta-analyses by continents, national income, and study majors, and comparing the results with estimated pooled prevalence. Methods Based on the guideline of PRISMA, literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The prevalence of PTSD was estimated through a random model based on the different continents and levels of national income, as well as study majors, and compared with the pooled prevalence of PTSD among college students. Results Totally 381 articles were retrieved from electronic databases and 38 articles were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of college students' PTSD was 25% (95% CI: 21-28%). Prevalence estimates of PTSD among college students were statistically significant (p < 0.00001) when stratified with geographical regions, income levels, and study majors. In comparison with the pooled prevalence of PTSD (25%), subgroups of Africa and Europe, lower-middle-income countries, and medical college students possessed higher prevalence estimates. Discussion The findings of the study showed that the prevalence of PTSD in college students worldwide during COVID-19 was relatively high and varied in different continents and countries with different income levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay attention to the psychologically healthy condition of college students during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- School of Marxism, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Department of Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Chiang WC, Chen SH. Time attitudes affecting psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave, six-month prospective study in Taiwan. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359570 PMCID: PMC10131497 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced traumatic and fear responses globally. Time attitudes, which refer to one's feelings toward the past, present and future, may have certain effects on psychological adaptations during this crisis period. This study employed a person-centered approach and a two-wave prospective design to investigate how people with different time attitude profiles change differently in their PTSD symptoms and COVID-19-related fears from a low-risk stage to the first big COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. Participants were 354 adults with a mean age of 27.79 years. The result provided support for the theoretical six-factor structure of the traditional Chinese Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale (AATI-TA). Four clusters of time attitude profiles were identified (Positives, Negatives, Past Negatives and Pessimists). At both waves, Positives had lower levels of PTSD severity and COVID-19-related fears than most of the other groups, and the reverse was noted for Negatives. As for time effects, people across all profiles were significantly affected during the outbreak, but Negatives showed a greater increase in PTSD severity than other groups. In conclusion, mental health services should put efforts into early identification of those with highly negative time attitudes and implement interventions that nudge people toward a more balanced or positive attitude in each temporal frame, especially during adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chiang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sue-Huei Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Labrague LJ. COVID-19 phobia, loneliness, and dropout intention among nursing students: the mediating role of social support and coping. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37359605 PMCID: PMC10099000 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus outbreak led to many students' experiencing tremendous fear, resulting in numerous psychological and mental health issues, and potentially impacting academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of coping and social support on the relationships between COVID-19 phobia, loneliness, and the intention to abandon nursing education in students. An online survey using a cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 301 full-time student nurses from the Philippines who were currently registered in a nursing programme were included. Nearly half 40.8% (n = 127) of the nursing students were found to experience COVID-19 phobia. COVID-19 phobia had direct positive effects on loneliness (β = 0.210, p < .001) and intention to abandon nursing education (β = 0.293, p < .001). Social support and coping had partial mediating effects on the association between COVID-19 phobia and loneliness and the intention to abandon nursing education. COVID-19 phobia was associated with increased loneliness and greater desires to abandon nursing studies in students. However, by providing adequate social support and coping, the negative effects of the pandemic on nursing students' outcome were reduced, resulting in decreased loneliness and improved student retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leodoro J. Labrague
- Health Systems and Adult Health Nursing Department, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Quan L, Lu W, Zhen R, Zhou X. Post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37016381 PMCID: PMC10072042 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in psychiatric disorders in college students, particularly posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. While existing studies assess the prevalence of these disorders and their predictors, they overlook potential complications caused by comorbidity between these disorders. To fill this gap, this study examined the prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity to inform targeted intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Self-report questionnaires were used to assess 6,898 college students about six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS The results found that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were 15.5%, 32.2%, and 32.1% respectively, and the prevalence of comorbid PTSD and depression, comorbid PTSD and anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, and comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms were 11.5%, 11.6%, 20.4%, and 9.4% respectively. Moreover, left-behind status, lower economic status, previous trauma experiences, exposure to the pandemic, and rumination were risk factors of psychological distress, but self-disclosure was a protective factor for these disorders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that distinct psychiatric disorders may be comorbid in individuals, and are further influenced by pre-, within-, and post-disaster factors. Furthermore, psychological service targeted at college students should pay attention to comorbid symptoms rather than only symptoms of single disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
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32
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Feiler T, Vanacore S, Dolbier C. Relationships Among Adverse and Benevolent Childhood Experiences, Emotion Dysregulation, and Psychopathology Symptoms. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:1-17. [PMID: 37361560 PMCID: PMC10063933 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study sought to examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), and emotion dysregulation as they relate to psychopathology symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], anxiety, depression) in university students in emerging adulthood. Students at a United States university (N = 1,498) completed an online survey during the fall 2021 and spring 2022 semesters. Measures include the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition, Patient Health Questionnaire 8, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Scale. ACEs significantly related to greater symptoms and positive screens for PTSD, depression, and anxiety. BCEs significantly related to fewer symptoms and positive screens for PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Emotion dysregulation was a significant mediator of relationships between ACEs and all symptom types (direct and indirect effects were both significant, supporting partial mediation). Emotion dysregulation was a significant partial mediator of relationships between BCEs and all symptom types (direct and indirect effects were both significant, supporting partial mediation). Results showed significant small moderation effects of BCEs on the relationships of ACEs-emotion dysregulation, ACEs-depression symptoms, ACEs-anxiety symptoms, and emotion dysregulation-PTSD symptoms. Implications for colleges and universities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Feiler
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Sarah Vanacore
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Christyn Dolbier
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
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Wang JY, Li Q, Liu W, Yang Y, Wang XG, Liu CY, Shu XJ, Xue L, Shi YW. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese college students following the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1075272. [PMID: 36960168 PMCID: PMC10027736 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1075272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in college students 1 month after the lockdown of Wuhan to identify possible risk factors for PTSD symptoms in a cross-sectional study. Methods Out of 10,502 who responded, 9,274 students impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic were included in our study. PTSD symptoms was evaluated by the Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). Anxiety/depression symptoms were evaluated by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Personality traits, coping style, and social support were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Logistic regression analysis was utilized to further explore risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Results More than 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak, 13.1% of college students developed PTSD symptoms, indicating that COVID-19 associated stressful experiences were connected with PTSD symptoms. After the COVID-19 outbreak, subjects with symptomatologic PTSD symptoms were more likely to experience strained relationships with their family, to have close contact with COVID-19 patients and to drop out of college. The logistic regression model demonstrated the association factors of PTSD symptoms. Neuroticism, psychoticism and an avoidant coping style were associated with increased risk for PTSD symptoms, while an active coping style was protective against PTSD symptoms during this pandemic. Conclusion The results showed that PTSD symptoms was prevalent in Chinese college students 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak. Effective psychological support work should be carried out accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ji Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Psychology, School of Public Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kenntemich L, von Hülsen L, Schäfer I, Böttche M, Lotzin A. Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115150. [PMID: 36913873 PMCID: PMC9985930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high burden in the general population. The exposure to an accumulation of risk factors, as opposed to a single risk, may have been associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of individuals with distinct constellations of risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) investigate differences in levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. German participants (N = 2245) were recruited between June-September 2020 through an online survey (ADJUST study). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multiple group analyses (Wald-tests) were conducted to identify profiles of risk factors and examine differences in symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2). The LCA included 14 robust risk factors of different domains, for example, sociodemographic (e.g., age), health-related (e.g., trauma), and pandemic-related (e.g., reduced income) factors. The LCA identified three risk profiles: High sociodemographic risk (11.7%), high social and moderate health-related risk (18.0%), and low general risk (70.3%). Individuals with high sociodemographic risk reported significantly higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than the remaining groups. A better understanding of risk factor profiles could help to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kenntemich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie von Hülsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Tu AK, Restivo Haney J, O'Neill K, Swaminathan A, Choi KW, Lee H, Smoller JW, Patel V, Barreira PJ, Liu CH, Naslund JA. Post-traumatic growth in PhD students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:100104. [PMID: 36743383 PMCID: PMC9886426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, graduate students have faced increased risk of mental health challenges. Research suggests that experiencing adversity may induce positive psychological changes, called post-traumatic growth (PTG). These changes can include improved relationships with others, perceptions of oneself, and enjoyment of life. Few existing studies have explored this phenomenon among graduate students. This secondary data analysis of a survey conducted in November 2020 among graduate students at a private R1 University in the northeast United States examined graduate students' levels and correlates of PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students had a low level of PTG, with a mean score of 10.31 out of 50. Linear regression models showed significant positive relationships between anxiety and PTG and between a measure of self-reported impact of the pandemic and PTG. Non-White minorities also had significantly greater PTG than White participants. Experiencing more negative impact due to the pandemic and ruminating about the pandemic were correlated with greater PTG. These findings advance research on the patterns of PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic and can inform future studies of graduate students' coping mechanisms and support efforts to promote pandemic recovery and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Tu
- Harvard College, 86 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Juliana Restivo Haney
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kathryn O'Neill
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Akshay Swaminathan
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul J. Barreira
- Office of the Provost and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Cindy H. Liu
- Departments of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John A. Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Yin Z, Xuan B, Zheng X. Academic Passion and Subjective Well-Being among Female Research Reserve Talents: The Roles of Psychological Resilience and Academic Climate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4337. [PMID: 36901350 PMCID: PMC10001693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic passion (AP) and subjective well-being (SWB), along with the mediating role of psychological resilience (PR) and the moderating role of academic climate (AC), among Chinese female research talent in reserve. A convenience sampling method was used to select 304 female master's degree students from several universities in the central region of China a questionnaire survey. The results show that: (1) AP has a positive predictive effect on the SWB of female reserve research talents; (2) PR partially mediated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents; (3) AC moderated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents. Thus, the findings of this study support a moderated mediation model that explores the relationship between AP and SWB for female research backups, with PR as the mediating variable and AC as the moderating variable. These findings provide a new perspective with which to explore the mechanisms influencing the subjective well-being of female research reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Xuan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-5533-4155
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Wang C, Havewala M, Fan Q, Wang Q, Bali D. The relations between COVID-19 stress, social connectedness, and mental health: a longitudinal investigation comparing Chinese and American college students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37359656 PMCID: PMC9958322 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
College students in the U.S. and China have faced significant challenges during COVID-19. Data were collected from 120 Amerian students (Mage = 19.48, SDage = 1.30) and 119 Chinese students (Mage = 18.61, SDage = 0.91) in November, 2019 and March, 2020 to examine risk and protective factors for mental health (depression, anxiety, life satisfaction) during the pandemic, and potential cultural and gender differences. Results indicated that the frequency and impact of COVID-19-related stressful life events predicted deterioration of mental health over time, while social connectedness before the pandemic buffered the negative impact of COVID-19 stressful life events on life satisfaction. Chinese students reported higher levels of social connectedness and larger impact of COVID-19-related stressful life events, but lower frequency of stressful life events than American students. Stressful life events and social connectedness predicted mental health outcomes similarly for Chinese and American students. Gender differences were identified. Females reported more stressful life events, higher levels of depression, anxiety and less life satisfaction during COVID-19 than males. In addition, the frequency of stressful life events had a stronger impact on depression and anxiety for females compared with males. It is important to implement prevention and intervention programs to promote social connections and wellbeing among college students, especially among female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Qingyue Fan
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diksha Bali
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
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Associations between Mental Health and COVID-19 Status among 18- and 19-Year-Old Adolescents: A Multi-Country Study. ADOLESCENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the mental health status of 18- and 19-year-old adolescents who were infected or affected by COVID-19 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of a dataset collected from 152 countries between July and December 2020. Dependent variables were anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The independent variable was COVID-19 status (tested positive for COVID-19, had COVID-19 symptoms but did not test, had a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19, knew someone who died from COVID-19). Three multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables while adjusting for confounding variables (sex—male, female, and country income level). Data of 547 participants were extracted, and 98 (17.9%) had experienced depression, 130 (23.8%) had experienced anxiety, and 219 (40.0%) had experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. Knowing someone who died from COVID-19 was associated with significantly lower odds of having post-traumatic stress symptoms (AOR: 0.608). Having COVID-19 symptoms but not getting tested was associated with significantly higher odds of having anxiety symptoms (AOR: 2.473). Results indicate diverse mental health responses among adolescents aged 18–19-years old as a sequela of COVID-19. This needs to be studied further.
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Nan J, Salina N, Chong ST, Jiang HJ. Trajectory of suicidal ideation among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of childhood trauma. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36747156 PMCID: PMC9900550 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to understand the longitudinal trajectory of suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese medical students and the role of childhood trauma (CT). METHODS Using a whole-group sampling method, we assessed SI in 2192 (male = 834, female = 1358) medical students on three occasions over a period of one year. The Suicidal Ideation Self-Assessment Scale (SISAS) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) were used to assess SI and CT. The growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to classify the developmental trajectory of SI. RESULTS A greater number of medical students were experiencing suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The trajectory of SI among medical students was divided into two groups: a low risk, slowly rising group and a high risk, continuous group. The low risk, slowly rising group had a significant time effect (B = 1.57, p < 0.001) and showed a slowly increasing trend. Emotional neglect (EN), physical neglect (PN), emotional abuse (EA) and physical abuse (PA) all had significant positive predictive effects for the high risk, continuous group (B = 0.18-0.65, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The trajectory of SI among medical students can be divided into a low risk, slowly rising group and a high risk, continuous group; the more EN, PN, EA and PA experienced during childhood, the more likely medical students are to develop a high risk, continuous state of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Nan
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Nen Salina
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia ,grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Counselling Program, Postgraduate Secretariat, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Tsuey Chong
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia. .,Counselling Program, Postgraduate Secretariat, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Hong-juan Jiang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
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Upton E, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Boland VC, Torres CD, Bruno R, Hutchinson D, Kypri K, Mattick R, McBride N, Peacock A. Changes in mental health and help-seeking among young Australian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:687-695. [PMID: 33966686 PMCID: PMC8144825 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people may have elevated risk for poorer mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet longitudinal studies documenting this impact are lacking. This study assessed changes in mental health and help-seeking since COVID-19 restrictions in young Australians, including gender differences. METHODS Data were drawn from a recent subsample (n = 443; 60% female; Mage = 22.0) of a prospective cohort originally recruited in secondary school to complete annual surveys. The subsample completed an additional COVID-19 survey during COVID-19 restrictions (May-June 2020), which was compared to responses from their latest annual survey (August 2019-March 2020). Mixed effect models with time and gender as the primary predictors were conducted for: (i) scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) modules assessed before and during COVID-19 restrictions, and (ii) self-reported help-seeking from a health professional in February 2020, and the month preceding May-June 2020. RESULTS Mean symptom scores increased from before to during COVID-19 restrictions on the PHQ-9 (coefficient: 1.29; 95% CI 0.72-1.86) and GAD-7 (0.78; 95% CI 0.26-1.31), but there was no increase in help-seeking over time (odds ratio 0.50; 95% CI 0.19-1.32). There was no evidence of differential changes by gender. CONCLUSIONS This study found increases in depression and anxiety symptoms but not greater help-seeking among young Australian adults during the first wave of the pandemic. Increasing availability and awareness of accessible treatment options and psychoeducation is critical, as well as further research into risk and protective factors to help target treatment to this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Upton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J. Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronica C. Boland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clara De Torres
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Zhang J, Gao T, Li Y, Song Z, Cui M, Wei Q, Chen Z, Peng F, Lyu S. The effect of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi on college students' anxiety and depression: A randomized, controlled pilot study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1036010. [PMID: 36760533 PMCID: PMC9905723 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1036010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study aimed to explore the mechanism of the effects of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi (BWTC) on anxiety and depression in college students using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Methods: Eighteen college students (5 males and 13 females) with anxiety and depression met the study criteria and were randomly divided into an experimental group (aged 24.20 ± 4.07 years) and a control group (aged 22.50 ± 5.95). The experimental group received an eight-week BWTC intervention five times/week for 60 min/session. The control group maintained normal daily life without any exercise intervention. These students were assessed using RS-fMRI scans, the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Spearman correlation analysis was used, and statistical significance was defined as a two-sided p-value of <0.05. Results: After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the BWTC group significantly reduced (p = 0.002; p = 0.001). Compared with the control group, the fALFF values of the right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part (Frontal_Mid_Orb_R) (p = 0.043), right inferior occipital gyrus (Occipital_Inf_R) (p = 0.003), and right middle temporal gyrus of the temporal pole (Temporal_Pole_Mid_R) (p = 0.003) in the BWTC group increased significantly; the fALFF values of the left middle frontal gyrus (Frontal_Mid_L) (p = 0.001) and right supplementary motor area (Supp_Motor_Area_R) (p = 0.010) in BWTC group decreased significantly. The fALFF values of Frontal_Mid_Orb_R were significantly positively correlated with the SDS score (r = 0.852, p = 0.015) and the fALFF values of Frontal_Mid_L were significantly negatively correlated with the SAS score (r = -0.797, p = 0.032). Conclusion: In this pilot study with college students, BWTC alleviated anxiety and depression, potentially through modulating activity in the Frontal_Mid_L and Frontal_Mid_Orb_R, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Gao
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yameng Li
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshao Song
- Student Psychological Counseling and Service Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meize Cui
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyang Wei
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaihao Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of PE, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Lyu
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Salmon S, Taillieu TL, Stewart-Tufescu A, MacMillan HL, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Afifi TO. Stressors and symptoms associated with a history of adverse childhood experiences among older adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2023; 43:27-39. [PMID: 36223143 PMCID: PMC9894295 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.43.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had major economic, social and psychological consequences for adolescents and young adults. It is unclear whether those with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were particularly vulnerable. We examined whether a history of ACEs was associated with financial difficulties, lack of emotional support, feeling stressed/anxious, feeling down/depressed, increased alcohol and/or cannabis use and increased conflict with parents, siblings and/or intimate partners among 16- to 21-year-olds during the pandemic. METHODS Data were collected in November and December 2020 from respondents aged 16 to 21 years (n = 664) participating in the longitudinal and intergenerational Well-being and Experiences Study (Wave 3) conducted in Manitoba, Canada. Age-stratified associations between ACEs and pandemic-related stressors/symptoms were examined with binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A history of ACEs was associated with pandemic-related financial difficulties (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] range: 2.44-7.55); lack of emotional support (aRRR range: 2.13-26.77); higher levels of feeling stressed/anxious and down/depressed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range: 1.78-5.05); increased alcohol and cannabis use (aOR range: 1.99-8.02); and increased relationship conflict (aOR range: 1.98-22.59). Fewer associations emerged for older adolescents and these were not to the same degree as for young adults. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults with a history of ACEs reported increased odds of pandemic-related stressors and symptoms, and may need more resources and greater support compared to peers without an ACE history. Differences in results for adolescents and young adults suggest that interventions should be tailored to the needs of each age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tamara L Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Lin CH, Lin SY, Hu BH, Lo CO. Investigating mental health outcomes of undergraduates and graduate students in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36596232 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2162824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study is an exploration of the major stressors associated with the COVID-19 for students in higher education in Taiwan. Participants: The sample comprised 838 higher education students studying at various Taiwanese universities. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered at different postsecondary institutions during the semi-lockdown period of COVID-19, which mandated online instruction. Machine learning was employed to determine the variables that most highly predicted students' mental health using R. Results: The findings revealed that COVID-19-related experiences, including social interactions, financial conditions, and educational experiences, were significantly associated with mental health outcomes. Particularly, loneliness are significantly related to social interactions and educational experiences. Conclusions: Findings revealed that Covid-19 impacted Taiwanese students' financial conditions, educational experiences, and social interactions, which were significant predictors of their mental health outcomes such as anxiety, loneliness and depression. The current study contributes to the gap in knowledge about mental health issues among postsecondary students during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Szu-Yin Lin
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hsien Hu
- National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C Owen Lo
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Vasheka T, Vlasova-Chmeryk O, Palamar B, Dolgova O, Pravda O, Tukaiev S, Palamar S. COPING STRATEGIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG THE UKRAINIAN STUDENTS' YOUTH. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1813-1818. [PMID: 37740975 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202308116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Establishment of emotional and behavioral ways of student response to the coronavirus pandemic, the assessment of dominant coping strategies, and the prevalence of neurotic states and stress among students. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The research used a specially developed questionnaire and a block of psychodiagnostic methods for diagnosing manifestations of neurotic conditions in students (Clinical questionnaire for the detection and assessment of neurotic conditions by K.K. Yakhin, D.M. Mendelevich), the level of psychological stress (Psychological Stress Scale PSM-25) and basic coping strategies (R. Lazarus' "Coping Strategies" questionnaire). The sample consisted of 213 respondents (119 girls, and 94 boys). RESULTS Results: Among Ukrainian students, the dominant reactions to the pandemic are depressive disorders, anxiety, and fears, a third of students self-reported autonomic disorders. The stress level is moderate. Girls react to the pandemic situation with more serious mental health disorders compared to boys. The use of all coping strategies was recorded at a high level of stress, which suggests that students have already exhausted their adaptation potential and are maladapted to the current conditions. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The study confirms the negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health of young people. The relationship between the type of response to the pandemic and the severity of neurotic disorders and stress was established. Available mental resources to cope with a difficult situation are exhausted, so students prefer to avoid and ignore stressful information. This creates the need for psychological support and educational activities regarding healthcare techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borys Palamar
- BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | | | | | - Sergii Tukaiev
- NATIONAL TARAS SHEVCHENKO UNIVERSITY OF KYIV, KYIV, UKRAINE
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Qirtas MM, Zafeiridi E, White EB, Pesch D. The relationship between loneliness and depression among college students: Mining data derived from passive sensing. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231211104. [PMID: 38025106 PMCID: PMC10631337 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231211104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While there is recognition of the relationship between loneliness and depression, specific behavioural patterns distinguishing both are still not well understood. Objectives Our objective is to identify distinct behavioural patterns of loneliness and depression from a passively collected dataset of college students, understand their similarities and interrelationships and assess their effectiveness in identifying loneliness and depression. Methods Utilizing the StudentLife dataset, we applied regression analysis to determine associations with self-reported loneliness and depression. Mediation analysis interprets the relationship between the two conditions, and machine learning models predict loneliness and depression based on behavioural indicators. Results Distinct behavioural patterns emerged: high evening screen time (OR = 1.45, p = 0.002) and high overall phone usage (OR = 1.50, p = 0.003) were associated with more loneliness, whereas depression was significantly associated with fewer screen unlocks (OR = 0.75, p = 0.044) and visits to fewer unique places (OR = 0.85, p = 0.023). Longer durations of physical activity (OR = 0.72, p = 0.014) and sleep (OR = 0.46, p = 0.002) are linked to a lower risk of both loneliness and depression. Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness significantly increases the likelihood of depression by 48%. The prediction accuracy of our XGBoost-based machine learning approach was 82.43% for loneliness and 79.43% for depression. Conclusion Our findings show that high evening screen time and overall phone usage are significantly associated with increased loneliness, while fewer screen unlocks and visits to fewer unique places are significantly related to depression. The findings can help in developing targeted interventions to promote well-being and mental health in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Muhammad Qirtas
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Evi Zafeiridi
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Dirk Pesch
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Liu Y, Liu L, Shi Z. Exposure, perceived risk, and psychological distress among general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan, China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1086155. [PMID: 37124272 PMCID: PMC10140419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic that has been going on since the end of 2019 impacts people on both the physical and psychological levels. However, the psychological status, especially its underlying psychosocial mechanisms among the general population in Wuhan, the earliest epicenter and hardest-hit city in China during the pandemic, has not been well investigated. This study aimed to examine the relationships between exposures, perceived risk, and psychological distress among the general population in Wuhan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data were from a cross-sectional online survey conducted from 20 February to 4 March 2020. Final analyses included 4,234 Wuhan respondents. A 5-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist was adopted to assess respondents' psychological distress. Results It was found that nervousness, fear, and worry were the most common symptoms among Wuhan residents during the lockdown. Exposure within a close physical distance, exposure within the social network, and perceived risk are significantly positively related to respondents' psychological distress. Moreover, perceived risk mediated the effects of exposures on respondents' psychological condition. Discussion These findings conduce to identify the populations at higher risk of suffering psychological disturbance during the pandemic and are expected to inform the policymakers and mental health professionals to monitor and improve the perception of risk among the target population by appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Correspondence: Yujun Liu,
| | - Linping Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhilei Shi
- Center for Population and Health Research, Faculty of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Zhilei Shi,
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Zou L, Wang T, Herold F, Ludyga S, Liu W, Zhang Y, Healy S, Zhang Z, Kuang J, Taylor A, Kramer AF, Chen S, Tremblay MS, Hossain MM. Associations between sedentary behavior and negative emotions in adolescents during home confinement: Mediating role of social support and sleep quality. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100337. [PMID: 36199367 PMCID: PMC9508146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour, for instance, engendered by home confinement in Shenzhen city, has led to negative mental health consequences, especially in adolescents. Previous research suggests, in general, that sedentary behavior can increase negative emotions. However, the specific mechanism driving the relationship between sedentary behavior and negative emotions is still relatively unclear. Social support and sleep quality might partly explain the effect of sedentary behavior on negative emotions. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the associations between sedentary behavior and negative emotions, and to investigate if social support and sleep quality mediate such a relationship. Method During home confinement due to the COVID-19 Omicron variant outbreak, 1179 middle and high school students in Shenzhen were invited to voluntarily complete an e-questionnaire, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data from 1065 participants were included in the analysis. Results We observed significant sex-related and demografic-related differences in emotional (e.g., anxiety, stress and social support) and other outcome variables (e.g., sitting duration and PSQI score). Furthermore, sedentary behavior, social support, and sleep quality were associated with negative emotions (p < .01), even after controlling for sex, age, only-child case, body mass index, and metabolic equivalent level. In addition, social support and sleep quality partially mediated the association between sedentary behavior and negative emotions. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that social support and sleep quality partially mediate the relationship between sedentary behavior and negative emotions in middle and high school students during home confinement in Shenzhen city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Sean Healy
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Jin Kuang
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Alyx Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, AECC University College, Bournemouth, BH5 2DF, UK
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - M. Mahbub Hossain
- Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Nearchou F. Self-harm in Young People: Investigating the Role of Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36590446 PMCID: PMC9795111 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that young people may have experienced increased levels of posttraumatic stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the landscape on self-harm is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress, depression and resilience as predictors of self-harm with and without suicidal intent. Participants were 625 young people aged 17-25 years old (M = 20.2 years, SD = 2.47). Resilience was measured using the self-reported Child & Youth Resilience Scale Measure - Revised (CYRM-R). Posttraumatic stress related to COVID-19 were measured using the Impact of Event Scale- Revised. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Self-harm was evaluated with two dichotomous items. Participants reported high levels of depression and COVID-19 posttraumatic stress, and a significant percentage reported engaging in self-harm. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that caregiver resilience decreased approximately 20% the odds of engaging in self harm with and without suicidal intent remaining a consistent predictor even after accounting posttraumatic stress and depression in the models. Posttraumatic stress and depression predicted a one-fold increase in the odds of engaging in self-harm with and without suicidal intent. However, posttraumatic stress was no longer a significant predictor when depression was entered in the model in self-harm without suicidal intent. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the likelihood of engaging in self-harm in young people. However, caregiver resilience seems to operate as a protective factor. This important finding carries implications beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Newman Building, Belfield Campus, Dublin, Dublin 4 Ireland
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Hanetz-Gamliel K, Dollberg DG. Links between mothers' ACEs, their psychopathology and parenting, and their children's behavior problems-A mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1064915. [PMID: 36620690 PMCID: PMC9813961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children of mothers with a history of adverse childhoods are at greater risk of behavior problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's early adverse experiences (ACEs) are transmitted to her children need further study. Our goal was to examine a conceptual mediational model linking mothers' ACEs, maternal psychopathology symptoms, and parenting behaviors with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors sequentially. Methods A sample of 153 Israeli mothers of children ages 3-12 (52% girls) participated in the study, and most of the mothers (94.7%) were cohabiting with a spouse. Mothers completed online questionnaires about their early adverse experiences, psychopathology symptoms, parenting behavior, and their children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Results Results showed that mothers with higher ACE scores reported more maternal psychopathology symptoms and more internalizing behavior in their children. The mother's psychopathology in and of itself mediated the link between her ACEs and her child's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Moreover, an indirect sequential path emerged linking ACEs with the mother's psychopathology symptoms, which, in return, were linked with hostile parenting. Hostile parenting, in turn, was linked with children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Discussion These findings highlight the complicated and intertwined ways in which adverse experiences early in the mother's life might put her child's wellbeing at risk. The findings suggest that ACEs are linked to maternal affect dysregulation, which interferes with parenting, increasing the risk of behavior problems in children. The findings underscore the need to assess mothers' adverse history, psychological distress, and parenting behavior, and provide treatments that can reduce the intergenerational transmission of early adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hanetz-Gamliel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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50
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Zhang S, Teng J, Zeng Y, Song H, Gu Z. The effects of forest therapy on public mental health and circular economy: A policy support model in Japan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1042589. [PMID: 36388322 PMCID: PMC9650485 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Forest therapy has gained popularity in Japan and even other nations/regions due to its health benefits. In addition, forest therapy has contributed to the development of circular economy and industrial upgrading. Japanese successful practice can serve as a model for other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. To this end, the aim of this study was to determine whether forest therapy can improve the whole well-being of the participants and has a positive effect on the development of circular economy in the region. Methods Both empirical and inductive research methods were used; empirical approach was conducted to perform comparative analysis of regional data that was retrieved from the research project of Japanese Forestry Agency in 2015. Specifically, the efficacy of forest therapy on physical (blood glucose, blood pressure, body weight) and mental (sleep quality e.g.,) health outcomes among 815 participants was investigated. Regional data are from the statistics of Iiyama City from 1990 to 2005. After the concept of forest therapy became popular in the late 1990s, this element had a great positive impact on the economic benefits of Ishiyama City and other major forest scenic areas. We summarize and analyze a series of policies made by relevant departments of the Japanese government in the years from 2019 to 2021 to promote forest therapy and related circular industry development. Results Significant (pre-to-post participation) changes in physical measure was observed. Firstly, mean weight of those overweight participants decreased across three different time points (pre-test/enrollment = 79.7 kg, 3-month participation = 77.2, and 6-month participation = 76.8 kg), while overall mean weight of the participants decreased to 61, 60.5, and 60.4 kg, respectively. Secondly, Participant with normal weight showed a decrease on mean HbA1C (from 6.09 to 6.06) at Week 24, while overweight participants demonstrated a slight change 6.03-6.01 after 6 months the average HOMA-IR for overweight participants decreased from 3.5 to 2.5 at Week 24, while participants with normal weight demonstrated a decrease from 2.2 to 1.7 at Week 24. Forest Therapy has emerged in Japan since Mid-1990s and has attracted a large number of tourists all over the world due to its unique health benefits. Conclusion Forest therapy in Japan has positive effects on whole well-being of Japanese residents and it has helped public mental health promotion and economic growth. Under the guidance and support of government policies, it can promote the development of circular economy and industrial transformation and set a model of Japanese forest therapy development for other countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhijun Gu
- School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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