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Gong G, Ganesan K, Wan Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Unveiling the neuroprotective properties of isoflavones: current evidence, molecular mechanisms and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38794836 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2357701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a wide range of debilitating and incurable brain disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system's structure and function. Isoflavones, which are naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemicals, have been found to regulate various cellular signaling pathways associated with the nervous system. The main objective of this comprehensive review is to explore the neuroprotective effects of isoflavones, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and assess their potential for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Relevant data regarding isoflavones and their impact on neurodegenerative diseases were gathered from multiple library databases and electronic sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Numerous isoflavones, including genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, and formononetin, have exhibited potent neuroprotective properties against various neurodegenerative diseases. These compounds have been found to modulate neurotransmitters, which in turn contributes to their ability to protect against neurodegeneration. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have provided evidence of their neuroprotection mechanisms, which involve interactions with estrogenic receptors, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-apoptotic activity, and modulation of neural plasticity. This review aims to provide current insights into the neuroprotective characteristics of isoflavones and shed light on their potential therapeutic applications in future clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yukai Wan
- Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Xuexu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Zhenxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
- Guangdong East Drug and Food and Health Branch, Chaozhou, China
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Thakkar AB, Subramanian RB, Thakkar SS, Thakkar VR, Thakor P. Biochanin A - A G6PD inhibitor: In silico and in vitro studies in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105785. [PMID: 38266663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from medicinal plants have a well-established therapeutic potential, with many of these chemicals having specialized medical uses. Isoflavonoids, a type of secondary metabolite, have little cytotoxicity against healthy human cells, making them interesting candidates for cancer treatment. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the chemo-preventive benefits of flavonoids in treating various cancers. Biochanin A (BA), an isoflavonoid abundant in plants such as red clover, soy, peanuts, and chickpeas, was the subject of our present study. This study aimed to determine how BA affected glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in human lung cancer cells. The study provides meaningful insight and a significant impact of BA on the association between metastasis, inflammation, and G6PD inhibition in A549 cells. Comprehensive in vitro tests revealed that BA has anti-inflammatory effects. Molecular docking experiments shed light on BA's high binding affinity for the G6PD receptor. BA substantially decreased the expression of G6PD and other inflammatory and metastasis-related markers. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of BA as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment, specifically by targeting G6PD and related pathways. BA's varied effects, which range from anti-inflammatory capabilities to metastasis reduction, make it an appealing option for future investigation in the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali B Thakkar
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, India; P. G. Department of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (IICISST), Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramalingam B Subramanian
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Sampark S Thakkar
- AKASHGANGA, Shree Kamdhenu Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vasudev R Thakkar
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Thakor
- Bapubhai Desaibhai Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India.
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Rymbai E, Sugumar D, Chakkittukandiyil A, Kothandan R, Selvaraj D. Molecular insights into the potential effects of selective estrogen receptor β agonists in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4014. [PMID: 38616346 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologically, AD and PD are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Hence, they are also called as proteinopathy diseases. Gender is considered as one of the risk factors in both diseases. Estrogens are widely accepted to be neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disorders. Estrogens can be produced in the central nervous system, where they are called as neurosteroids. Estrogens mediate their neuroprotective action mainly through their actions on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). However, ERα is mainly involved in the growth and development of the primary and secondary sexual organs in females. Hence, the activation of ERα is associated with undesired side effects such as gynecomastia and increase in the risk of breast cancer, thromboembolism, and feminization. Therefore, selective activation of ERβ is often considered to be safer. In this review, we explore the role of ERβ in regulating the expression and functions of AD- and PD-associated genes. Additionally, we discuss the association of these genes with the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and α-synuclein mediated toxicity. Ultimately, we established a correlation between the importance of ERβ activation and the process underlying ERβ's neuroprotective mechanisms in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa Sugumar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amritha Chakkittukandiyil
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Kothandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divakar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
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He Q, Yang J, Chen W, Pan Z, Chen B, Zeng J, Zhang N, Lin Y, Chen C, Xiao J, Li M, Li S, Wang H, Chen P. Biochanin A abrogates osteoclastogenesis in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis via regulating ROS/MAPK signaling pathway based on integrating molecular docking and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38191438 PMCID: PMC10773052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are accumulating type 2 diabetes patients who have osteoporosis simultaneously. More effective therapeutic strategies should be discovered. Biochanin A (BCA) has been indicated that can play a role in improving metabolic disorders of type 2 diabetes and preventing osteoporosis. But whether BCA can treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis has not been studied. PURPOSE To investigate if the BCA can protect against type 2 diabetic osteoporosis and clarify the mechanism. METHODS Micro-CT and histology assays were performed to detect the trabecular bone and analyze the bone histomorphology effect of BCA. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the toxicity of BCA. TRAcP staining, immunofluorescence and hydroxyapatite resorption assay were used to observe osteoclasts differentiation and resorptive activity. Molecular docking provided evidence about BCA regulating the MAPK axis via prediction by the algorithm. QRT-PCR and Western Blotting were utilized to detect the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related markers and MAPK signaling pathway. RESULTS Accumulation of bone volume after BCA treatment could be found based on the 3D reconstruction. Besides, there were fewer osteoclasts in db/db mice treated with BCA than db/db mice treated with saline. In vitro, we found that BCA hadn't toxicity in osteoclasts precursor, but also inhibited differentiation of osteoclasts. Further, we found that BCA suppresses osteoclastogenesis via ROS/MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BCA can prevent type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by restricting osteoclast differentiation via ROS/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- Fifth School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Fifth School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Baihao Chen
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxu Zeng
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Nenling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yuewei Lin
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Chuyi Chen
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jiacong Xiao
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Miao Li
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shaocong Li
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China.
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Anuranjana P, Beegum F, K.P D, George KT, Viswanatha G, Nayak PG, Kanwal A, Kishore A, Shenoy RR, Nandakumar K. Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review. F1000Res 2023; 12:107. [PMID: 38106650 PMCID: PMC10725524 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126059.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when administered for neurological disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and other chronic diseases/disorders. Isoflavones are considered phenomenal due to their high efficiency in modifying the physiological functions of the human body. Biochanin-A is one among the prominent isoflavones found in soy (glycine max), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and alfalfa sprouts, etc., with proven potency in modulating vital cellular mechanisms in various diseases. It has been popular for ages among menopausal women in controlling symptoms. In view of the multi-targeted functions of biochanin-A, it is essential to summarize it's mechanism of action in various disorders. The safety and efficacy of biochanin-A needs to be established in clinical trials involving human subjects. Biochanin-A might be able to modify various systems of the human body like the cardiovascular system, CNS, respiratory system, etc. It has shown a remarkable effect on hormonal cancers and other cancers. Many types of research on biochanin-A, particularly in breast, lung, colon, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, have shown a positive impact. Through modulating oxidative stress, SIRT-1 expression, PPAR gamma receptors, and other multiple mechanisms biochanin-A produces anti-diabetic action. The diverse molecular mechanistic pathways involved in the pharmacological ability of biochanin-A indicate that it is a very promising molecule and can play a major impact in modifying several physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.V. Anuranjana
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya K.P
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - Pawan G. Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rekha R. Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K. Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Luo Z, Xu Y, Qiu L, Lv S, Zeng C, Tan A, Ou D, Song X, Yang J. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction based on response surface methodology using HPLC-DAD for the analysis of red clover ( Trifolium pretense L.) isoflavones and its anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-induced 3D4/2 cell. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279178. [PMID: 37854095 PMCID: PMC10580807 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trifolium pratense L. has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular disease prevention, and estrogen-like effects. The existing method for the assay of effective components is commonly based on a spectrophotometer, which could not meet the requirement of quality control. Furthermore, although there have been many studies on the anti-inflammation effect of red clover, a few have been reported on the regulatory effect of red clover isoflavones (RCI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2 cells), and its mechanism of action is still unclear. Methods The main components of RCI including daidzein, genistein, and biochanin A were accurately quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) after optimizing the extraction process through response surface methodology. The anti-inflammatory potential of RCI was carried out by detecting the level of inflammatory cytokines and mRNA expression of related genes. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory mechanism was explored by investigating two signaling pathways (NF-κB and MAPK). Results The optimal extraction conditions of RCI were as follows: the concentration of ethanol is 86% and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:29, with the herb particle size of 40 mesh sieve. Under the optimal conditions, the total extraction of target components of RCI was 2,641.469 μg/g. The RCI could significantly suppress the production and expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results of the Western blot revealed that RCI dramatically reduced the expression of p65, p-p65, IκB-α, p38, and p-p38. These results are associated with the suppression of the signal pathway of p38 MAPK, and on the contrary, activating the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrated that RCI reversed the transcription of inflammatory factors and inhibited the expression of p65, p-p65, IκB-α, and p38, indicating that RCI had excellent anti-inflammatory properties through disturbing the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Conclusion The extraction conditions of RCI were optimized by HPLC-DAD combined with response surface methodology, which will contribute to the quality control of RCI. RCI had anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS-induced 3D4/2 cells. Its mechanism is to control the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory-related genes and suppressing the release of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqin Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Longxin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology in Fujian Province, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Shiming Lv
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Aijuan Tan
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Deyuan Ou
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuqin Song
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Ramos V, Reis M, Ferreira L, Silva AM, Ferraz R, Vieira M, Vasconcelos V, Martins R. Stalling the Course of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Could Cyanobacteria Constitute a New Approach toward Therapy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1444. [PMID: 37892126 PMCID: PMC10604708 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive and irreversible neuronal loss, accompanied by a range of pathological pathways, including aberrant protein aggregation, altered energy metabolism, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD). There are currently no available cures; there are only therapeutic approaches that ameliorate the progression of symptoms, which makes the search for new drugs and therapeutic targets a constant battle. Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs whose long evolutionary history has resulted in the production of a plethora of biomedically relevant compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties, that can be valuable in this field. This review summarizes the major NDs and their pathophysiology, with a focus on the anti-neurodegenerative properties of cyanobacterial compounds and their main effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Ramos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Mariana Reis
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Leonor Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry—Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO/ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Martins
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
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Cao M, Fan B, Zhen T, Das A, Wang J. Ruthenium biochanin-A complex ameliorates lung carcinoma through the downregulation of the TGF-β/PPARγ/PI3K/TNF-α pathway in association with caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:455-475. [PMID: 37398567 PMCID: PMC10313601 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most often reported cancer with a terrible prognosis worldwide. Flavonoid metal complexes have exhibited potential chemotherapeutic effects with substantially low adverse effects. This study investigated the chemotherapeutic effect of the ruthenium biochanin-A complex on lung carcinoma in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. The synthesized organometallic complex was characterized via UV‒visible spectroscopy, FTIR, mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the DNA binding activity of the complex was determined. The in vitro chemotherapeutic assessment was performed on the A549 cell line through MTT assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. An in vivo toxicity study was performed to determine the chemotherapeutic dose of the complex, and subsequently, chemotherapeutic activity was assessed in benzo-α-pyrene-induced lung cancer mouse model by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assays. The IC50 value of the complex in A549 cells was found to be 20 µM. The complex demonstrated significant apoptosis induction, enhanced caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest with downregulated PI3K, PPARγ, TGF-β, and TNF-α expression in A549 cells. The in vivo study suggested that ruthenium biochanin-A therapy restored the morphological architecture of lung tissue in a benzo-α-pyrene-induced lung cancer model and inhibited the expression of Bcl2. Additionally, increased apoptotic events were identified with upregulation of caspase-3 and p53 expression. In conclusion, the ruthenium biochanin-A complex successfully amelioratedlung cancer incidence in both in vitro and in vivo models through the alteration of the TGF-β/PPARγ/PI3K/TNF-α axis with the induction of the p53/caspase-3-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Tianchang Zhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata- Group of Institutions, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053 India
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, No.16766, Lixia District, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province China
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9
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Singh L, Kaur N, Bhatti R. Neuroprotective potential of biochanin-A and review of the molecular mechanisms involved. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5369-5378. [PMID: 37039995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochanin-A is a naturally occurring plant phytoestrogen, which mimics specific the agonistic activity of estrogens. Biochanin-A is known to possess numerous activities, including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, along with the anticancer activity. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal pathological role in neurodegenerative disease. Sustained neuroinflammatory processes lead to progressive neuronal damage in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Activation of PI3K/Akt cascade and inhibition of MAPK signaling cascade have been observed to be responsible for conferring protection against neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. An increased oxidative stress promotes neuronal apoptosis via potentiating the TLR-4/NF-κB and inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling mediated increase in pro-apoptotic and decreases in antiapoptotic proteins. Various authors have explored biochanin-A's neuroprotective effect by using various cell lines and animal models. Biochanin-A has been reported to mediate its neuroprotective via reducing the level of oxidants, inflammatory mediators, MAPK, TLR-4, NF-κB, NADPH oxidase, AchE, COX-2 and iNOS. Whereas, it has been observed to increase the level of anti-oxidants, along with phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt proteins. The current review has been designed to provide insights into the neuroprotective effect of biochanin-A and possible signaling pathways leading to protection against neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the central nervous system. This review will be helpful in guiding future researchers to further explore biochanin A at a mechanistic level to obtain useful lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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10
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Anti-biofilm activity of biochanin A against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:867-879. [PMID: 36585511 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus can easily accumulate on various food contact surfaces which induce cross-contamination and are difficult to eliminate in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm effects of natural product biochanin A against S. aureus. Results showed that biochanin A effectively eradicated established S. aureus biofilms on different food-contact materials. Fluorescence microscopic analyses suggested that biochanin A disintegrated the established biofilms by dissociate extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in matrix. In addition, biochanin A at the sub-MIC concentration also effectively inhibited the biofilm formation by regulating the expression of biofilm-related genes (icaA, srtA, eno) and suppressing the release of EPS in biofilm matrix. Molecular docking also demonstrated that biochanin A conducted strong interactions with biofilm-related proteins (Ica A, Sortase A, and Enolase). These findings demonstrated that biochanin A has the potential to be developed as a potent agent against S. aureus biofilm in food industries. KEY POINTS: • Anti-biofilm effect of biochanin A against S. aureus was revealed for the first time. • Biofilm of S. aureus on various food-contact surfaces were efficiently eradicated. • Biochanin A prevented S. aureus biofilm formation via reducing EPS production.
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He Q, Yang J, Pan Z, Zhang G, Chen B, Li S, Xiao J, Tan F, Wang Z, Chen P, Wang H. Biochanin A protects against iron overload associated knee osteoarthritis via regulating iron levels and NRF2/System xc-/GPX4 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113915. [PMID: 36379122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron homeostasis plays a positive role in articular cartilage health. Excessive iron or iron overload can induce oxidative stress damage in chondrocytes and ferroptosis cell death, advancing knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, up to date, few effective agents treat iron overload-induced KOA (IOKOA). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) provides abundant resources for drug selection to manage bone metabolic conditions, including osteoporosis. Biochanin A (BCA) is a novel bioactive multifunctional natural compound isolated from Huangqi, which has protective effects on bone loss. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of BCA in treating IOKOA are still elusive. PURPOSE This study seeks to uncover the potential therapeutic targets and mechanisms of BCA in the management of KOA with iron accumulation. METHODS Iron dextrin (500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to establish the iron overloaded mice model. OA was induced through surgery, and the progression was evaluated eight weeks following surgery. OA severity was evaluated with micro-CT and Safranin-O/Fast green staining in vivo. Iron deposition in the knee joint and synovium was assessed using Perl's Prussian blue staining. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was then administered to primary chondrocytes to evaluate iron regulators mediated iron homeostasis. Toluidine blue staining was utilized to identify chondrocytes in vitro. The vitality of the cells was assessed using the CCK-8 test. The apoptosis rate of cells was measured using Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. The intracellular iron level was detected utilizing the calcein-AM test. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid-ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potentiality were reflected via fluorescence density. Utilizing RT-qPCR and western blotting, the expression level was determined. RESULTS Micro-CT and histological staining of knee joints showed greater cartilage degradation and higher iron buildup detected in iron-overloaded mice. BCA can reduce iron deposition and the severity of KOA. Toluidine blue staining and the CCK-8 assay indicated that BCA could rescue chondrocytes killed by iron. Cell apoptosis rates were increased due to iron overload but improved by BCA. Further, the intracellular content of iron, ROS, and lipid-ROS was increased with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) treatment but restored after treatment with different concentrations of BCA. JC-1 staining revealed that BCA could reduce mitochondrial damage induced by iron overload. CONCLUSION Iron overload was shown to promote chondrocyte ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, iron overload suppressed the expression of collagen II and induced MMP expression by catalyzing ROS generation with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results showed that BCA could directly reduce intracellular iron concentration by inhibiting TfR1 and promoting FPN but also target the Nrf2/system xc-/GPX4 signaling pathway to scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. The results of this research indicate that BCA regulates iron homeostasis during the progression of osteoarthritis, which can open a new field of treatment for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Gangyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Baihao Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Shaocong Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Jiacong Xiao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Fengjin Tan
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39, Happy Road, Yantai City 264000, PR China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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12
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Haridevamuthu B, Guru A, Murugan R, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Neuroprotective effect of Biochanin a against Bisphenol A-induced prenatal neurotoxicity in zebrafish by modulating oxidative stress and locomotory defects. Neurosci Lett 2022; 790:136889. [PMID: 36179902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous toxicants cause oxidative stress and damage to brain cells, resulting in inflammation. Neuroinflammation is important in the pathobiology of various neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this context, Bisphenol A (BPA), a common toxin, causes oxidative damage and has been linked to neurological problems. An O-methylated isoflavone known as Biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavone, BCA) is considered to be a phytoestrogen, which is abundant in some legume plants and soy which have preventive effects against cancer, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms and oxidative stress. However, the mechanism by which BCA protected the prenatal neurological stress are not known. So that, in this study we investigated the BCA neuroprotective effect against BPA-induced neuroinflammation in zebrafish embryo models. For this study, fertilized zebrafish embryos are exposed to BPA (1 µM) with or without BCA. Our finding suggested that BCA co-exposure prevented the depletion of antioxidant defense enzymes by BPA and reduced the production of intracellular ROS production, superoxide anion (O2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the head that aided in safeguarding neuronal development. Baseline locomotion was rendered and a total distance was calculated to assess the motor function. Exposure to BCA increased acetylcholinestrase (AChE) and improved motor neuron functions. It also reduced the pro-inflammatory response expression and prevented neuroinflammation. Our study suggests that BCA has a positive role in the attenuation or amelioration of neuronal oxidative damage and locomotory behaviour induced by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin TX 78712, USA
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Sun Y, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Liu H, Chen T, Xiang H, Wang R, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. Andrographolide protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia via the NRF2 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:326. [PMID: 35850702 PMCID: PMC9290240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) therapy is an important cell transplantation strategy in the regenerative medicine field. However, a severely ischemic microenvironment, such as nutrient depletion and hypoxia, causes a lower survival rate of transplanted BMSCs, limiting the application of BMSCs. Therefore, improving BMSCs viability in adverse microenvironments is an important means to improve the effectiveness of BMSCs therapy. Objective To illustrate the protective effect of andrographolide (AG) against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia (1% O2) (GSDH)-induced cell injury in BMSCs and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods An in vitro primary rat BMSCs cell injury model was established by GSDH, and cellular viability, proliferation and apoptosis were observed after AG treatment under GSDH. Reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress-related genes and proteins were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology, function and number were further assessed by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results AG protected BMSCs against GSDH-induced cell injury, as indicated by increases in cell viability and proliferation and mitochondrial number and decreases in apoptosis and oxidative stress. The metabolic status of BMSCs was changed from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation to increase the ATP supply. We further observed that the NRF2 pathway was activated by AG, and treatment of BMSCs with a specific NRF2 inhibitor (ML385) blocked the protective effect of AG. Conclusion Our results suggest that AG is a promising agent to improve the therapeutic effect of BMSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Sun
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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14
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Sarkar C, Chaudhary P, Jamaddar S, Janmeda P, Mondal M, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Redox Activity of Flavonoids: Impact on Human Health, Therapeutics, and Chemical Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:140-162. [PMID: 35045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of presently used therapies is a problem in overall redox-based management, which is posing a significant financial burden on communities across the world. As a result, sophisticated treatment models that provide notions of predictive diagnoses followed by targeted preventive therapies adapted to individual patient profiles are gaining global acclaim as being beneficial to patients, the healthcare sector, and society as a whole. In this context, natural flavonoids were considered due to their multifaceted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as their low toxicity and ease of availability. The aim of this review is to focus on the capacity of flavonoids to modulate the responsiveness of various diseases and ailments associated with redox toxicity. The review will also focus on the flavonoids' pathway-based redox activity and the advancement of redox-based therapies as well as flavonoids' antioxidant characteristics and their influence on human health, therapeutics, and chemical safety. Research findings indicated that flavonoids significantly exhibit various redox-based therapeutic responses against several diseases such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases and various types of cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription system, suppressing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκB kinase inflammatory pathway, abrogating the function of the Hsp90/Hsf1 complex, inhibiting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Some flavonoids, especially genistein, apigenin, amentoflavone, baicalein, quercetin, licochalcone A, and biochanin A, play a potential role in redox regulation. Conclusions of this review on the antioxidant aspects of flavonoids highlight the medicinal and folk values of these compounds against oxidative stress and various diseases and ailments. In short, treatment with flavonoids could be a novel therapeutic invention in clinical trials, as we hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
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Neuroprotective effect of bromelain in 6-hydroxydopamine induced in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7711-7717. [PMID: 34643923 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of bromelain, which is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against the neurotoxicity (induced by 6-OHDA) in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS AND RESULTS To establish Parkinson's Disease (PD) model in cell culture conditions, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 200 µM 6-OHDA for 1 day. Prior to 6-OHDA treatment, SH-SY5Y cells had been pre-treated with bromelain (25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL). After 1 day, cell viability was determined with the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Oxidative stress was assessed with total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses. The effect of the bromelain in SH-SY5Ycells was also examined by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. We found that 6-OHDA increased LDH leakage, and cellular apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. 6-OHDA aggravated oxidative stress by increasing TOS, MDA and GR and eventually promoted apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, while pretreatment with bromelain attenuated these toxic effects of 6-OHDA. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that bromelain, with its neuroprotective features can be useful for neuroprotection in PD.
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Sirichaiwetchakoon K, Suksuphew S, Srisawat R, Eumkeb G. Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2703138. [PMID: 34671404 PMCID: PMC8523236 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2703138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Butea superba Roxb. (B. superba) is a herb that has been used for rejuvenation, to improve sexual performance, or to prevent erectile dysfunction function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is the main cause of progressive dementia. This study aimed to investigate the amelioration for cognitive and memory dysfunction of B. superba ethanolic extract (BSE), a possible mechanism of action, and its toxicity. The results from the Y-maze test, novel object recognition test, and passive avoidance test exhibited that the administration of BSE at 50 mg/kg (BSL) and 200 mg/kg (BSH) could ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in all behavior testing. Moreover, BSE could prevent the cognitive deficit in a dose-dependent manner in a passive avoidance test. Furthermore, BSE inhibited acetylcholinesterase's (AChE) ex vivo activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Also, the in vitro and ex vivo antioxidative effects of BSE revealed that BSE had free radical scavenging activities in both DPPH and FRAP assay. Furthermore, male rats treated with BSE at 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks could significantly increase serum testosterone compared with control (P < 0.05). The GC-MS analysis and previous studies revealed that BSE contained propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, didodecyl ester, oleic acid, gamma-sitosterol, and stigmasterol which may play an important role in cognitive and memory impairment prevention. The toxicity test of BSE in rats at 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks showed that relative organ weight, serum creatinine, ALT, ALP, and CBC levels of both treated groups were not significantly different compared to the CON (P > 0.05). These results suggest that BSE may not be toxic to the vital organ and blood. In conclusion, BSE has the potential to be developed as a health supplement product or medicine for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipot Sirichaiwetchakoon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Suksuphew
- Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rungrudee Srisawat
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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The Beneficial Role of Natural Endocrine Disruptors: Phytoestrogens in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3961445. [PMID: 34527172 PMCID: PMC8437597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3961445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with a growing incidence rate primarily among the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative, progressive disorder leading to significant cognitive loss. Despite numerous pieces of research, no cure for halting the disease has been discovered yet. Phytoestrogens are nonestradiol compounds classified as one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), meaning that they can potentially disrupt hormonal balance and result in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. Importantly, phytoestrogens are structurally, chemically, and functionally akin to estrogens, which undoubtedly has the potential to be detrimental to the organism. What is intriguing, although classified as EDCs, phytoestrogens seem to have a beneficial influence on Alzheimer's disease symptoms and neuropathologies. They have been observed to act as antioxidants, improve visual-spatial memory, lower amyloid-beta production, and increase the growth, survival, and plasticity of brain cells. This review article is aimed at contributing to the collective understanding of the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, it underlines the fact that despite being EDCs, phytoestrogens and their use can be beneficial in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Yan J, Qiu P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Mi L, Peng C, Pan X, Peng F. Biochanin A from Chinese Medicine: An Isoflavone with Diverse Pharmacological Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1623-1643. [PMID: 34530697 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a dietary isoflavone, isolated from the leaves and stems of Trifolium pratense L and many other herbs of Chinese medicine. Recent findings indicated BCA as a promising drug candidate with diverse bioactive effects. On the purpose of evaluating the possibility of BCA in clinical application, this review is trying to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological actions of BCA. The publications collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley databases were summarized for the last 10 years. Then, the potential therapeutic use of BCA on the treatment of various diseases was discussed according to its pharmacological properties, namely, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects as well as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and osteoprotective effects. BCA might mainly regulate the MAPK, PI3K, NRF2, and NF-kB pathways, respectively, to exert its bioactive effects. However, the limited definitive targets, poor biological availability, and insufficient safety evaluation might block the clinical application of BCA. This review may provide new insights for the development of BCA in the application of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Panda Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linjing Mi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Bridging Cyanobacteria to Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds against Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060343. [PMID: 34208482 PMCID: PMC8235772 DOI: 10.3390/md19060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a drawback in society given the ageing population. Dementias are the most prevalent NDs, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) representing around 70% of all cases. The current pharmaceuticals for AD are symptomatic and with no effects on the progression of the disease. Thus, research on molecules with therapeutic relevance has become a major focus for the scientific community. Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes rich in biomolecules with confirmed activity in pathologies such as cancer, and with feasible potential in NDs such as AD. In this review, we aimed to compile the research works focused in the anti-AD potential of cyanobacteria, namely regarding the inhibition of the enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) as a fundamental enzyme in the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ), the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) lead to an increase in the availability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as phenomena associated with neurodegeneration mechanisms.
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Kim CJ, Ryu HY, Lee S, Lee HJ, Chun YS, Kim JK, Yu CY, Ghimire BK, Lee JG. Neuroprotective Effect and Antioxidant Potency of Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Root Extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103001. [PMID: 34070099 PMCID: PMC8158381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild ginseng has better pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng. However, its industrialization is limited by the inability to grow wild ginseng on a large scale. Herein, we demonstrate how to optimize ginseng production through cultivation, and how to enhance the concentrations of specific ginsenosides through fermentation. In the study, we also evaluated the ability of fermented cultured wild ginseng root extract (HLJG0701-β) to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as its neuroprotective effects and antioxidant activity. In invitro tests, HLJG0701-β inhibited AChE activity and exerted neuroprotective and antioxidant effects (showing increased catalyst activity but decreased reactive oxygen species concentration). In invivo tests, after HLJG0701-β was orally administered at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg in an animal model of memory impairment, behavioral evaluation (Morris water maze test and Y-maze task test) was performed. The levels of AChE, acetylcholine (ACh), blood catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissues were measured. The results showed that HLJG0701-β produced the best results at a dose of 250 mg/kg or more. The neuroprotective mechanism of HLJG0701-β was determined to involve the inhibition of AChE activity and a decrease in oxidative stress. In summary, both invitro and invivo tests confirmed that HJG0701-β administration can lead to memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Joong Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, HwajinBioCosmetics CO., LTD, Chuncheon 24232, Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Ryu
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Yeonsu, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-Y.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Somin Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Yeonsu, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-Y.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Han-Joo Lee
- Aribio H&B CO.LTD, Yongin 16914, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Yoon-Soek Chun
- Aribio H&B CO.LTD, Yongin 16914, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- Aribio H&B CO.LTD, Yongin 16914, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Chang-Yeon Yu
- Department of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 21341, Korea;
| | - Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jae-Geun Lee
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, HwajinBioCosmetics CO., LTD, Chuncheon 24232, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-258-6801
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21
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Zhou Y, Xu B, Yu H, Zhao W, Song X, Liu Y, Wang K, Peacher N, Zhao X, Zhang HT. Biochanin A Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Cognition Deficit via Antioxidant Effects in Female Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:603316. [PMID: 33815102 PMCID: PMC8010695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.603316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impairment of memory and cognition is one of the major symptoms in women with postmenopausal disorders due to estrogen deficiency, which accounts for the much higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in females. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural phytoestrogen, has been reported to protect neurons against ischemic brain injury. However, the neuroprotective effects of BCA in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats remain to be investigated. Methods: All the rats except for the sham group underwent the resection of bilateral ovaries. Seven days after the OVX surgery, rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, OVX, OVX + BCA (5 mg/kg), OVX + BCA (20 mg/kg), OVX + BCA (60 mg/kg), and OVX + estradiol (E2; 0.35 mg/kg), which were administrated daily by gavage for 12 weeks. Learning and memory were examined using the Morris water-maze test before the end of the experiment. Morphological changes of the rat hippocampus were observed by HE staining and electron microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hippocampus were measured. The effect of BCA on cell viability was measured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using CCK8. Flow cytometry was used to measure neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting using hippocampal tissues and primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Results: Chronic treatment with BCA mimicked the ability of E2 to reverse the deficit of learning and memory in the Morris water-maze test in OVX rats. BCA normalized OVX-induced morphological changes as revealed by HE staining and electron microscopy. In addition, BCA significantly decreased the levels of MDA, the biomarker of oxidative damage, and increased the activity of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px in OVX rats. Further, in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, BCA reversed H2O2-induced decreases in cell viability and accumulation of ROS. Finally, BCA reversed OVX- or H2O2-induced increases in Bax and Caspase-3 and decreases in Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Conclusion: These results suggest that BCA improves memory through its neuroprotective properties in the brain under the circumstance of estrogen deficiency and can be used for treatment of memory loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Nikoli Peacher
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
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22
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Li X, Jiang XW, Chu HX, Zhao QC, Ding HW, Cai CH. Neuroprotective effects of kukoamine A on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis and iron accumulation inhibition. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:105-115. [PMID: 36117765 PMCID: PMC9476749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Xiao-wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hai-xiao Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Qing-chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Huai-wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Chao-hong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
- Corresponding authors.
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23
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Zhenxia Z, Min L, Peikui Y, Zikai C, Yaqun L, Junli W, Fenlian Y, Yuzhong Z. Inhibition of tau aggregation and associated cytotoxicity on neuron-like cells by calycosin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 171:74-81. [PMID: 33301850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro assembly of tau and anti-amyloidogenic properties of one naturally occurring phytoestrogen, calycosin, was investigated by spectroscopic techniques including ThT and ANS fluorescence, CD, Congo red absorbance as well as TEM analysis. Afterwards the cytotoxicity of different amyloid species against SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed that calycosin exerts its anti-amyloidogenic effects through increasing the lag time and reducing the apparent growth rate constant (kapp), the amount of fibrillation, and the exposure of hydrophobic regions. Congo red absorbance and CD studies indicated that calycosin prevented the formation of tau aggregate species and β-sheets structures, respectively. TEM analysis also determined the capacity of calycosin to inhibit tau fibrillogenesis through formation of large amorphous aggregates. Furthermore, cellular assays disclosed that calycosin mitigated the cell mortality, LDH release, ROS level, and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in both mRNA and protein levels induced by tau amyloid fibrils. In conclusion, this data may suggest that calycosin can prevent tau amyloid fibrillation and the associated cytotoxicity, mainly due to its effects on formation of lower content of oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates with lower solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches compared to those produced in the absence of calycosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhenxia
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Min
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Peikui
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zikai
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Yaqun
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Junli
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Fenlian
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zheng Yuzhong
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Yardım A, Kucukler S, Özdemir S, Çomaklı S, Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Çelik H. Silymarin alleviates docetaxel-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Gene 2020; 769:145239. [PMID: 33069805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various malignancies but is often associated with central and peripheral neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of silymarin (SLM) against DTX-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicities in rats. Rats received 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight SLM orally for seven consecutive days after receiving a single injection of 30 mg/kg body weight DTX on the first day. SLM significantly decreased brain lipid peroxidation level and ameliorated brain glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in DTX-administered rats. SLM attenuated levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and activity of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) whereas caused an increase in levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the brain and sciatic nerve of DTX-induced rats. In addition, SLM improved the histological structure of the brain and sciatic nerve tissues and decreased the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the sciatic nerve whereas increased cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) expression in the brain induced by DTX. Additionally, SLM markedly up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in the brain and sciatic nerve tissues of DTX-induced rats. Our results show that SLM can protect DTX-induced brain and sciatic nerve injuries by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and suppressing apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardım
- Department of Neurosurgery, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Çelik
- Department of Neurology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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25
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Sarfraz A, Javeed M, Shah MA, Hussain G, Shafiq N, Sarfraz I, Riaz A, Sadiqa A, Zara R, Zafar S, Kanwal L, Sarker SD, Rasul A. Biochanin A: A novel bioactive multifunctional compound from nature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137907. [PMID: 32208265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) will continue to serve humans as matchless source of novel drug leads and an inspiration for the synthesis of non-natural drugs. As our scientific understanding of 'nature' is rapidly expanding, it would be worthwhile to illuminate the pharmacological distinctions of NPs to the scientific community and the public. Flavonoids have long fascinated scientists with their remarkable structural diversity as well as biological functions. Consequently, this review aims to shed light on the sources and pharmacological significance of a dietary isoflavone, biochanin A, which has been recently emerged as a multitargeted and multifunctional guardian of human health. Biochanin A possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and hepatoprotective properties. It combats cancer development by inducing apoptosis, inhibition of metastasis and arresting cell cycle via targeting several deregulated signaling pathways of cancer. It fights inflammation by blocking the expression and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines via modulation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Biochanin A acts as a neuroprotective agent by inhibiting microglial activation and apoptosis of neurons. As biochanin A has potential to modulate several biological networks, thus, it can be anticipated that this therapeutically potent compound might serve as a novel lead for drug development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Javeed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Woman University Faisalabad (GCWUF), 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sadiqa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zara
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zafar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Kanwal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Huang L, Wu Y, Yin H, Yang X, Yuan M, Ning H. Two new compounds from the stewed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and their protective effect against Aβ 25-35 induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4945-4952. [PMID: 32515605 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new alkaloid polygonatine C (3-(2'-furaldehyde-5'-methoxymethyl)5,6,7,8 -tetrahydroindolizin-8-one, 1) and a new saponin huangjingsterol B (3-β-hydroxyspirost-5,25-diene-12-one, 2), together with three known compounds 3-5 were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the Stewed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. The structures of these new compounds were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and MS, as well as chemical methods. The new compounds were tested for their Protective effect against Aβ25-35 induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage in PC12 cells. The results indicated that compounds 1-2 can be considered as promising lead compounds for further research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Yin
- Suzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yuan
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huohua Ning
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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27
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Pinto DCGA, Simões MAM, Silva AMS. Genista tridentata L.: A Rich Source of Flavonoids with Anti-inflammatory Activity. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7060031. [PMID: 32486147 PMCID: PMC7345318 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7060031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Genista tridentata L. is an endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula used in Portuguese traditional medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases; this and other health-promoting effects are usually associated with the flavonoids produced by this species. In fact, anti-inflammatory properties were established for several of these flavonoid derivatives. Methods: A careful survey of the reported data, using mainly the Scopus database and Genista tridentata and Pterospartum tridentatum as keywords, was done. We have examined the papers involving the plant and those about the most relevant flavonoids anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The literature survey demonstrates that species are used to treat several health problems such as antihyperglycemia, hypertension, and inflammatory episodes. It was also possible to establish its richness in flavonoid derivatives, from which several are potential anti-inflammatory agents. Conclusions: From our described and discussed analysis, it can be concluded that Genista tridentata is an excellent source of bioactive flavonoids. Moreover, its traditional use to treat inflammation episodes may be due to its flavonoid content, from which genistein, biochanin A, rutin, and daidzein can be emphasized.
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Westlund KN, Lu Y, Zhang L, Pappas TC, Zhang WR, Taglialatela G, McIlwrath SL, McNearney TA. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Reduce NMDA NR1 Subunit Expression, Nuclear Translocation, and Behavioral Pain Measures in Experimental Arthritis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:440. [PMID: 32536874 PMCID: PMC7267073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn, release of afferent nerve glutamate activates the neurons that relay information about injury pain. Here, we examined the effects of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibition on NMDA receptor NR1 subunit protein expression and subcellular localization in an acute experimental arthritis model. PTK inhibitors genistein and lavendustin A reduced cellular histological translocation of NMDA NR1 in the spinal cord occurring after the inflammatory insult and the nociceptive behavioral responses to heat. The PTK inhibitors were administered into lumbar spinal cord by microdialysis, and secondary heat hyperalgesia was determined using the Hargreaves test. NMDA NR1 cellular protein expression and nuclear translocation were determined by immunocytochemical localization with light and electron microscopy, as well as with Western blot analysis utilizing both C- and N-terminal antibodies. Genistein and lavendustin A (but not inactive lavendustin B or diadzein) effectively reduced (i) pain related behavior, (ii) NMDA NR1 subunit expression increases in spinal cord, and (iii) the shift of NR1 from a cell membrane to a nuclear localization. Genistein pre-treatment reduced these events that occur in vivo within 4 h after inflammatory insult to the knee joint with kaolin and carrageenan (k/c). Cycloheximide reduced glutamate activated upregulation of NR1 content confirming synthesis of new protein in response to the inflammatory insult. In addition to this in vivo data, genistein or staurosporin inhibited upregulation of NMDA NR1 protein and nuclear translocation in vitro after treatment of human neuroblastoma clonal cell cultures (SH-SY5Y) with glutamate or NMDA (4 h). These studies provide evidence that inflammatory activation of peripheral nerves initiates increase in NMDA NR1 in the spinal cord coincident with development of pain related behaviors through glutamate non-receptor, PTK dependent cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin N Westlund
- Research Division, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Anesthesiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Lu
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Liping Zhang
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Todd C Pappas
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wen-Ru Zhang
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sabrina L McIlwrath
- Research Division, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Terry A McNearney
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Habaike A, Yakufu M, Cong Y, Gahafu Y, Li Z, Abulizi P. Neuroprotective effects of Fomes officinalis Ames polysaccharides on Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells through suppression of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:539-549. [PMID: 32430659 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to identify the protective roles of different polysaccharide components in Fomes officinalis Ames polysaccharides (FOAPs) against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Different doses of FOAPs components (i.e. FOAPs-a and FOAPs-b) were added to PC12 cells about 2 h before β-amyloid protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) exposure. The AD cellular model of PC12 cells was established using Aβ25-35. Then the PC12 cells were divided into 9 groups including: control group, Donepezil hydrochloride (DHCL) group, model group treated using 40 μM Aβ25-35, followed by FOAPs-a and FOAPs-b interference (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL). The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by commercial kits. The Cytochrome C, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the mitochondria and cytosol was determined by using Western blot analysis. FOAPs-a and FOAPs-b could significantly inhibit the LDH release, MDA level and the over accumulation of ROS induced by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. They could also effectively prevent Aβ25-35-stimulated cytotoxicity, which involved in attenuating cell apoptosis, increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting Cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytosol in PC12 cells. Moreover, FOAPs-a and FOAPs-b significantly alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the MMP, as well as promoting the mitochondrial ATP synthesis. FOAPs-a and FOAPs-b played neuroprotective roles against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells through suppressing the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayijiang Habaike
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Mirensha Yakufu
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cong
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yimin Gahafu
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Palida Abulizi
- Department of Natural Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Chrysophanol improves memory ability of d-galactose and Aβ 25-35 treated rat correlating with inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and the CaM-CaMKIV signal pathway in hippocampus. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:111. [PMID: 32117672 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Chrysophanol (CHR) on Alzheimer's disease. We also attempted to understand the potential mechanisms. An Alzheimer's disease rat model was established using an intraperitoneal injection of d-galactose combined with an intracerebral injection of amyloid-β peptide (25-35), and the effect of CHR on the learning and memory ability, the hippocampal neurons change, the ultrastructure of the hippocampal CA1 region, the protein levels of CaM, CaMKK, CaMKIV, p-CaMKIV and p-tau in the hippocampus of rats were studied. The results showed that CHR significantly improved the cognitive deficits, alleviated hippocampal neurons damage, prevented the ultrastructure alteration of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, and reduced the protein levels of CaM, CaMKK, p-CaMKIV and p-tau in the hippocampus of AD rats. These results suggested that Chrysophanol could improve memory ability of Alzheimer's disease rat by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and the CaM-CaMKIV signal pathway.
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31
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Antony Rathinasamy JIR, Uddandrao VVS, Raveendran N, Sasikumar V. Antiobesity Effect of Biochanin-A: Effect on Trace Element Metabolism in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:21-30. [PMID: 32031077 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200207101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalanced diets have contributed to the increased prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders in the modern world including trace element metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of Biochanin A (BCA) on the changes in element metabolism induced by HFD-induced obese rats. METHODS BCA was administered orally for 30 days to experimental obese rats. Changes in body weight, glucose, insulin resistance and lipid profiles of plasma, as well as the level of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mg and Cu) in various tissues (liver, kidney, heart and pancreas) and hepsidine and heme oxygenase, were observed in experimental rats. RESULTS The administration of BCA elicited a significant (p<0.05) reduction in, glucose, insulin, ferritin, total cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids, VLDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and hepsidin. Significant alterations were observed in trace elements level, HDL-C, transferrin, bilirubin and HO - 1 level. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that HFD results in derangement of trace elements in the tissues of rats fed with HFD. BCA may alleviate the derangement of HFD induced trace elements metabolism by modulating hyperglycemic and insulin resistance status and altering hepcidin and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veera Venkata Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| | - Nivedha Raveendran
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| | - Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
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32
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Olasehinde TA, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI. Neuroprotective effects of some seaweeds against Zn - induced neuronal damage in HT-22 cells via modulation of redox imbalance, inhibition of apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase activity. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1615-1627. [PMID: 31346859 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in neuronal signaling and neurotransmission. However, dyshomeostasis of this metal or its accumulation in the brain has been linked with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of Ecklonia maxima (KPM), Gracilaria gracilis (GCL), Ulva lactuca (ULT) and Gelidium pristoides (MNP) in Zn -induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells was examined. Cells were treated with Zinc sulphate and/or aqueous - ethanol extracts and cell viability, apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase activity, including some antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase activity) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels produced in the Zn and/or seaweed extract treated cells were also determined. Prior treatment with the seaweed extracts improved cell viability and inhibited Zn - induced cell death. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly high in Zn treated cells compared to the control. Pre-treatment with the seaweed extracts triggered a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in Zn - treated cells. Furthermore, treatment with Zn caused a significant reduction in GSH levels as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. In contrast, the seaweed extract increased antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels. An increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels was also reversed after treatment with the seaweed extracts. These results suggest that the seaweed extracts improved cholinergic transmission disrupted by Zn - induced neurotoxicity and protected the cells against oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. The neuroprotective effects of the seaweed extracts could be linked to their bioactive constituents. Hence these seaweeds are potential sources of active ingredients with neuroprotective potentials and could be used for the development of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa.
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
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33
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Neuroprotective behaviour of Phyllanthus emblica (L) on human neural cell lineage (PC12) against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Amato A, Terzo S, Mulè F. Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120608. [PMID: 31801234 PMCID: PMC6943487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
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35
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Kim SK, Lee BR, Hur KH, Kim YJ, Kim SE, Lee SY, Jang CG. Protective effects of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1081-1091. [PMID: 31705299 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, one of the important isoflavones, is extensively metabolized in the human body following consumption. In particular, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, has been the focus of recent investigations due to its various health benefits, such as anti-cancer and anti-obesity effects. However, the protective effects of 6,7,4'-THIF have not yet been studied in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective activity of 6,7,4'-THIF on 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 6,7,4'-THIF significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, and reactive oxygen species production. In addition, 6,7,4'-THIF significantly attenuated reductions in 6-OHDA-induced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content. Moreover, 6,7,4'-THIF attenuated alterations in Bax and Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, 6,7,4'-THIF significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Additionally, 6,7,4'-THIF effectively prevented 6-OHDA-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, these results suggest that 6,7,4'-THIF, a major metabolite of daidzein, may be an attractive option for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Huang L, Luo D, Fu R, Yan B, Wang X, Shu J, Deng J, Huang H. A sesquiterpene glycoside and phenylalanine derivatives from Tinospora sinensis. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu C, Zhang P, Lou L, Wang Y. Perspectives Regarding the Role of Biochanin A in Humans. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:793. [PMID: 31354500 PMCID: PMC6639423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone mainly found in red clover with poor solubility and oral absorption that is known to have various effects, including anti-inflammatory, estrogen-like, and glucose and lipid metabolism modulatory activity, as well as cancer preventive, neuroprotective, and drug interaction effects. BCA is already commercially available and is among the main ingredients in many types of supplements used to alleviate postmenopausal symptoms in women. The activity of BCA has not been adequately evaluated in humans. However, the results of many in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the potential health benefits of BCA are available, and the complex mechanisms by which BCA modulates transcription, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune responses have been revealed. Many efforts have been exerted to improve the poor bioavailability of BCA, and very promising results have been reported. This review focuses on the major effects of BCA and its possible molecular targets, potential uses, and limitations in health maintenance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lixin Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Ko YH, Kim SK, Kwon SH, Seo JY, Lee BR, Kim YJ, Hur KH, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. 7,8,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a Metabolized Product of Daidzein, Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:363-372. [PMID: 30866601 PMCID: PMC6609108 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein isolated from soybean (Glycine max) has been widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity are not well understood. In the current study, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly inhibited neuronal cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells, which were used as an in vitro model of Parkinson' disease (PD). Moreover, pretreatment with 7,8,4'-THIF significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly recovered 6-OHDA-induced cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), increased Bax, and decreased Bcl-2 levels. Additionally, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly restored the expression levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Further, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly increased the reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) level induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, these results suggest that 7,8,4'-THIF protects against 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death in cellular PD models. Also, these effects are mediated partly by inhibiting activation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Improved solubility and increased biological activity of NeoSol™RCL40, a novel Red Clover Isoflavone Aglycones extract preparation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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40
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Ren G, Shi Z, Teng C, Yao Y. Antiproliferative Activity of Combined Biochanin A and Ginsenoside Rh₂ on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112908. [PMID: 30413008 PMCID: PMC6278524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The antiproliferative activities of biochanin A (BA) and ginsenoside Rh2 were determined by evaluating their inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell proliferation. The combination of BA with Rh2 was also assessed. In MDA cells, combination treatment led to a decrease in the EC50 values of BA and Rh2 to 25.20 μM and 22.75 μM, respectively. In MCF-7 cells, the EC50 values of combined BA and Rh2 decreased to 27.68 μM and 25.41 μM, respectively. BA combined with Rh2 also improved the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell migration and invasion compared to the individual compounds. Western blot analysis demonstrated upregulation in p-p53, p-p38, and p-ASK1 proteins while levels of TRAF2 were downregulated. These results suggest that BA combined with Rh2 exhibits synergistic effects against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Ren
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No.1 Shilling Road, Chenglo Avenue, Longquan District, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Zhenxing Shi
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Cong Teng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA. Biochanin A improves insulin sensitivity and controls hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1119-1127. [PMID: 30257324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochanin A (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone) is an O-methylated isoflavone known for its anti-inflammatory, lipid lowering and anti-cancer activity. The current study was designed to find out antidiabetic efficacy of Biochanin A in type 2 diabetes in rats. Induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was carried out by manipulation of diet using high fat diet for fourteen days and then administration of streptozotocin at low dose of 35 mg/kg, i.p. The diabetic animals were treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of Biochanin A for 28 days. The effect of Biochanin A treatment in diabetic animals was evaluated by measuring changes in body weight, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity index, Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance test, glycohaemoglobin and hepatic glycogen level. Changes in histopathological characteristics of pancreatic tissue were also evaluated after treatment with Biochanin A. Immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic tissue was carried out for the expression of SIRT1. The results showed that the selected doses of (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) Biochanin A significantly decreased blood glucose (p < 0.001). The higher dose (40 mg/kg) of Biochanin A significantly reduced glucose tolerance (p < 0.001) in diabetic animals. Biochanin A treatment significantly reduced insulin resistance (p < 0.001) and improved inulin sensitivity (p < 0.01 for 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, p < 0.001 for 40 mg/kg) at all selected dose levels. It also improved lipid profile significantly (p < 0.001) at lower, middle and higher dose level. Glycohaemoglobin formation was significantly decreased in diabetic animals (p < 0.001) after treatment with Biochanin A at all three dose levels. Liver glycogen level was also improved significantly after treatment with Biochanin A in diabetic animals at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose level. Biochanin A at dose of 40 mg/kg increased SIRT1 expression in pancreatic tissue. In conclusion, Biochanin A has significant effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus which might be linked to its effects on SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India; SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Basavan D, Chalichem NSS, Kumar MKS. Phytoconstituents and their Possible Mechanistic Profile for Alzheimer's Disease - A Literature Review. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:263-291. [PMID: 30101703 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180813095637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory is an associated part of life without which livelihood of a human being becomes miserable. As the global aged population is increasing tremendously, time has come to concentrate on tail end life stage diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases whose origin is enigmatic, having an impact on later stage of life drastically due to irreparable damage of cognition, characterised by the presence of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated Tau protein as fibrillary tangles. Existing therapeutic regimen mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by targeting neurotransmitters that are secondary to AD pathology. Plant derived licensed drugs, Galantamine and Huperzine-A were studied extensively due to their AChE inhibitory action for mild to moderate cases of AD. Although many studies have proved the efficacy of AChEIs as a preferable symptom reliever, they cannot offer long term protection. The future generation drugs of AD is expected to alter various factors that underlie the disease course with a symptomatic benefit promise. As AD involves complex pathology, it is essential to consider several molecular divergent factors apart from the events that result in the production of toxic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Even though several herbals have shown neuroprotective actions, we have mentioned about the phytoconstituents that have been tested experimentally against different Alzheimer's pathology models. These phytoconstituents need to be considered by the researchers for further drug development process to make them viable clinically, which is currently a lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Nehru S S Chalichem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Mohan K S Kumar
- TIFAC CORE Herbal drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), ooty-643001, India
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Wang HW, Zhao WP, Liu J, Tan PP, Zhang C, Zhou BH. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the reducing of oocytes development potential in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:911-918. [PMID: 28826138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of excessive-fluoride-induced reduction of oocyte development potential in mice. The development morphology of oocyte and the changes of pathomorphology in ovary were observed. The protein expression levels of apoptosis factors, including Bax, Bcl-2, casepase-3, casepase-9 and cytochrome c, and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD1, GSH-Px1, CAT and inducible nitric oxide synthase were measured by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. DNA damage in the ovary was analysed by single cell gel electrophoresis and TUNEL staining. Results indicated that the structure and function of ovarian cells were seriously damaged, followed, the development potential of oocyte was reduced by excessive fluoride. The expression levels of apoptosis factors were up-regulated and antioxidant enzymes were significantly down-regulated. Meanwhile, the contents of ROS, MDA, NO and iNOS were significantly increased. Whereas, the activities of SOD1, GSH-Px1 and CAT was significantly decreased compared with the control group. Simultaneously, the results of DNA analysis indicated that the tail length and tailing ratio of ovarian cells were significantly increased in the fluoride group. In summary, the results provided compelling evidence that excessive fluoride intake can reduce the development potential of oocyte by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ovary of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China.
| | - Wen-Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China.
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Cassetta A, Stojan J, Krastanova I, Kristan K, Brunskole Švegelj M, Lamba D, Lanišnik Rižner T. Structural basis for inhibition of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases by phytoestrogens: The case of fungal 17β-HSDcl. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:80-93. [PMID: 28259640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that functionally and structurally mimic mammalian estrogens. Phytoestrogens have broad inhibitory activities toward several steroidogenic enzymes, such as the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs), which modulate the biological potency of androgens and estrogens in mammals. However, to date, no crystallographic data are available to explain phytoestrogens binding to mammalian 17β-HSDs. NADP(H)-dependent 17β-HSD from the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (17β-HSDcl) has been the subject of extensive biochemical, kinetic and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies that have shown that the flavonols are the most potent inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of the ternary complexes between the holo form of 17β-HSDcl and the flavonols kaempferol and 3,7-dihydroxyflavone, in comparison with the isoflavones genistein and biochanin A. Crystallographic data are accompanied by kinetic analysis of the inhibition mechanisms for six flavonols (3-hydroxyflavone, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, myricetin), one flavanone (naringenin), one flavone (luteolin), and two isoflavones (genistein, biochanin A). The kinetics analysis shows that the degree of hydroxylation of ring B significantly influences the overall inhibitory efficacy of the flavonols. A distinct binding mode defines the interactions between 17β-HSDcl and the flavones and isoflavones. Moreover, the complex with biochanin A reveals an unusual binding mode that appears to account for its greater inhibition of 17β-HSDcl with respect to genistein. Overall, these data provide a blueprint for identification of the distinct molecular determinants that underpin 17β-HSD inhibition by phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cassetta
- Istituto di Cristallografia, UOS Trieste, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, S. S. 14-Km 163.5, I-34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivet Krastanova
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., S. S. 14-Km 163.5, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katja Kristan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Brunskole Švegelj
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, UOS Trieste, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, S. S. 14-Km 163.5, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Protective Effects of Wogonin against Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibition of Amyloidogenic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3545169. [PMID: 28680449 PMCID: PMC5478820 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3545169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathogenic systems of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of β-amyloid plaques in the brains of patients, and amyloidogenic activity becomes one of the therapeutic targets. Here, we report wogonin, one of the major active constituting components in Scutellaria baicalensis, which has the neuroprotective effects on amyloid-β peptides- (Aβ-) induced toxicity. Oral wogonin treatment improved the performance of triple transgenic AD mice (h-APPswe, h-Tau P301L, and h-PS1 M146V) on the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition. Furthermore, wogonin activated the neurite outgrowth of AD cells by increasing neurite length and complexity of Tet-On Aβ42-GFP SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (AD cells) and attenuated amyloidogenic pathway by decreasing the levels of β-secretase, APP β-C-terminal fragment, Aβ-aggregation, and phosphorylated Tau. Wogonin also increased mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and protected against apoptosis by reducing the expression of Bax and cleaved PARP. Collectively, these results conclude that wogonin may be a promising multifunctional drug candidate for AD.
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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030480. [PMID: 28335462 PMCID: PMC6155420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is geared towards the discovery of new compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and few or no side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This review focuses on the potentials of extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microalgal research has gained much attention recently due to its contribution to the production of renewable fuels and the ability of alga cells to produce several secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit several pharmacological activities and possess neuroprotective potential. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, protein misfolding and aggregation. The antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities as well as the inhibitory effects of some bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts on β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal death are discussed extensively. Phytochemical compounds from microalgae are used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and food supplements, and may possess neuroprotective potentials that are relevant to the management and/or treatment of AD.
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Youn K, Park JH, Lee J, Jeong WS, Ho CT, Jun M. The Identification of Biochanin A as a Potent and Selective β-Site App-Cleaving Enzyme 1 (Bace1) Inhibitor. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100637. [PMID: 27754406 PMCID: PMC5084024 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the enzyme involved in the abnormal production of the amyloidogenic peptide Aβ, one of the major causes of histological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, BACE1 represents a key target protein in the development of new potential target for the prevention and treatment of AD. In this study, in vitro anti-AD activity of biochanin A, a dietary isoflavone found in legumes and most notably red clover, were evaluated via human recombinant BACE1 inhibition assay, as well as enzyme kinetic and molecular docking predictions. Enzyme-based assays revealed that biochanin A exhibited a non-competitive inhibitory effect on BACE1 with an IC50 value of 28 μM and a Ki of 43 μM. In addition, docking simulation results demonstrated that ASN37, SER35, SER36, TRP76, and ARG128 residues of BACE1 interacted with biochanin A. Moreover, the binding energy of biochanin A was negative (−8.4 kcal/mol), indicating that it might potentiate a strong binding between the compound and the allosteric site of BACE1, resulting in further effective BACE1 inhibition. The present novel findings raise the possibility that biochanin A may be used as a preventative, developed into a therapeutic agent for AD, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Department of Food & Life Science, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea.
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health (ICBH), Dong-A University, 32, Daeshingongwon-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Korea.
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