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Singh G, Dixit I, Kalman D, Gogineni NT. A Novel Herbal Composition Alleviates Functional Constipation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Transit Time, and Improves Bowel Function in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38691810 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2346073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A recent proof-of-concept pilot clinical study has demonstrated that consumption of CL18100F4, a proprietary herbal blend of Withania somnifera root and Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extracts, significantly relieved the participants from functional constipation and improved their quality of life. The objective of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to reevaluate the efficacy and tolerability of CL18100F4 in a larger number of subjects. METHODS Male and female subjects (n = 135; age: 25-60 years), selected through Rome-IV criteria for functional constipation, were randomized into placebo and 300 or 500 mg of CL18100F4 groups and supplemented daily over 60 consecutive days. The primary efficacy outcome measure was Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM), evaluated at baseline and on days 7, 30, and 60 of supplementation. The secondary efficacy parameters included Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, Gastrointestinal Transit Time (GIT), and Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement (CSBM). Serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cortisol, gastrin, serotonin, Diamine oxidase (DAO), and Zonulin were measured. RESULTS CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL, GSRS scores, and GIT and improved CSBM scores. CL18100F4 significantly improved (p < 0.001) sleep quality and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms in the participants. Notably, relief in constipation symptoms and improved gastrointestinal (GI) function were reported starting from day 7. Furthermore, CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) increased the serum levels of IL-10, DAO, serotonin, gastrin, reduced IL-6, cortisol, and Zonulin. No major adverse events were observed. Participants' vital signs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters were within the normal ranges. CONCLUSION The present investigation demonstrates that CL18100F4 is tolerable and efficacious in relieving functional constipation, alleviating GI dysfunction, and improving associated non-GI factors in male and female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of General Medicine, Upendra Medicare, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indresh Dixit
- Department of Medicine, Vatsalya Hospital Multi Speciality Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Douglas Kalman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Naga Tejaswi Gogineni
- Department of General Medicine, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mohammed HY, Teferra TF, Sime G. Indigenous knowledge and nutritional and morphological characterization of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) varieties in Western Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2537-2550. [PMID: 38628224 PMCID: PMC11016411 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) is a versatile crop that is widely grown in western Ethiopia, despite that it is less researched. This study, therefore, investigates the traditional knowledge, nutritional, and morphological characteristics of two commonly grown okra varieties (Kenketse and Sharma) in west Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire, checklist, and observations were used to collect primary data from households, key informants, and farms. In addition, proximate composition parameters like moisture content, total ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, utilizable carbohydrates, and gross energy fruits were measured through laboratory analysis. Fruit morphological traits, including fruit dimensions such as length and width, were determined using a digital Vernier caliper. For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results revealed that the entire plant is used for both food and ethnomedicinal purposes. Curing ailments such as stomach pain, constipation, wound/cut, heart discomfort, back pain, malaria, diarrhea, and amoebae were among the medical benefits of okra. The proximate composition (%) on a dry matter basis of okra fruits differed significantly (p < .05) by cultivar type and drying method. Moisture (3.69%-5.24%), total ash (6.60%-8.01%), crude fat (4.87%-8.58%), crude protein (4.06%-5.23%), crude fiber (12.85%-15.26%), utilizable carbohydrate (56.42%-67.63%), and gross energy contents (326-341 kcal) were the ranges of the various proximate and energy levels. Morphological characteristics of fruit and leaf length, width, and length-to-width ratio varied with cultivar type, where Sharma had more than double the length of Kenketse (70.1 vs. 187.1 mm). Despite being an undervalued native vegetable crop in Ethiopia, the study's findings show that okra is a multipurpose vegetable for promoting human health and ensuring food and nutritional security. Therefore, stepping up its production, marketing, and consumption could help alleviate the food shortage and improve human nutrition and health in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasebu Yassin Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational SciencesAssosa UniversityAsosaEthiopia
| | - Tadesse Fikre Teferra
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Getachew Sime
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational SciencesHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
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3
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Liu J, Lin X, Wang X, Feng L, Zhu S, Tian R, Fang J, Tao A, Fang P, Qi J, Zhang L, Huang Y, Xu J. Genomic and cytogenetic analyses reveal satellite repeat signature in allotetraploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38267860 PMCID: PMC10809672 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite repeats are one of the most rapidly evolving components in eukaryotic genomes and play vital roles in genome regulation, genome evolution, and speciation. As a consequence, the composition, abundance and chromosome distribution of satellite repeats often exhibit variability across various species, genome, and even individual chromosomes. However, we know little about the satellite repeat evolution in allopolyploid genomes. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the satellite repeat signature in five okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) accessions using genomic and cytogenetic methods. In each of the five accessions, we identified eight satellite repeats, which exhibited a significant level of intraspecific conservation. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments, we observed that the satellite repeats generated multiple signals and exhibited variations in copy number across chromosomes. Intriguingly, we found that five satellite repeats were interspersed with centromeric retrotransposons, signifying their involvement in centromeric satellite repeat identity. We confirmed subgenome-biased amplification patterns of these satellite repeats through existing genome assemblies or dual-color FISH, indicating their distinct dynamic evolution in the allotetraploid okra subgenome. Moreover, we observed the presence of multiple chromosomes harboring the 35 S rDNA loci, alongside another chromosomal pair carrying the 5 S rDNA loci in okra using FISH assay. Remarkably, the intensity of 35 S rDNA hybridization signals varied among chromosomes, with the signals predominantly localized within regions of relatively weak DAPI staining, associated with GC-rich heterochromatin regions. Finally, we observed a similar localization pattern between 35 S rDNA and three satellite repeats with high GC content and confirmed their origin in the intergenic spacer region of the 35 S rDNA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a unique satellite repeat signature in the allotetraploid okra, contributing to our understanding of the composition, abundance, and chromosomal distribution of satellite repeats in allopolyploid genomes, further enriching our understanding of their evolutionary dynamics in complex allopolyploid genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Shixin Zhu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Runmeng Tian
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingping Fang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Aifen Tao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongji Huang
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jiantang Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Southeastern kenaf & jute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Punukollu RS, Chadalawada AK, Siddabattuni K, Gogineni NT. A blend of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench fruit extracts relieves constipation and improves bowel function: A proof-of-concept clinical investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116997. [PMID: 37543151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (AE) are known as Ashwagandha and Okra, respectively, important herbs in traditional medicine for their diverse therapeutic values. WS root is an adaptogen that relieves stress and anxiety and promotes sleep. AE fruit or Okra is widely consumed as a vegetable and is traditionally used to treat diabetes, gastric irritations, ulcers, and obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to establish a proof-of-concept evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of a proprietary blend of standardized extracts of WS root and AE fruit, CL18100F4 in relieving constipation and improving quality of life in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male and female participants (age: 25-60 years) with functional constipation (following Rome-III criteria) were randomized into placebo, 300 or 500 mg of CL18100F4 groups, and supplemented for fourteen consecutive days. RESULTS CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM), Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores. CL18100F4 supplementation improved sleep quality and reduced stress (p < 0.0001). At the end of the study, CL18100F4-500 subjects showed significant increases in serum serotonin, gastrin, and interleukin-10 and decrease in interleukin-6 and cortisol levels. Participants' hematology, total blood chemistry, vital signs, and urinalysis parameters were within the normal ranges. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS This short-duration, single-site clinical investigation demonstrates that CL18100F4 supplementation is tolerable, helps relieve constipation, reduces stress, and improves gastrointestinal function, sleep quality, and general wellness in adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI/2020/11/029320); Registered on 24/11/2020. Available at: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=49391&EncHid=&userName=CL18100F4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Sarath Punukollu
- Department of Urology, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Chadalawada
- Department of Clinical Research, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Kalyani Siddabattuni
- Department of Clinical Research, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Naga Tejaswi Gogineni
- Department of General Medicine, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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5
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He C, Bai L, Liu D, Liu B. Interaction mechanism of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed protein and flavonoids: Fluorescent and 3D-QSAR studies. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101023. [PMID: 38144792 PMCID: PMC10740111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding capacity of 10 flavonoids with okra seed protein (OSP) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of flavonoids had an obvious impact on binding performance. The binding ability of flavanone was lower than that of flavone, isoflavone and dihydrochalcone. The binding capacity of flavonoid glycoside was superior to that of the corresponding flavonoid aglycone. The binding ability was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring. The steric field and electrostatic field model constructed by 3D-QSAR method could well explain the above interaction behavior. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the quenching mechanism of OSP caused by flavonoids was static quenching, and the binding-site number was 1. In addition, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force dominated this interaction. The 3D and synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that there was no significant change in the polarity of the environment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues during binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Daqun Liu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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6
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Tavakolizadeh M, Peyrovi S, Ghasemi-Moghaddam H, Bahadori A, Mohkami Z, Sotoudeh M, Ziaee M. Clinical efficacy and safety of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1685-1695. [PMID: 37507536 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The recent trend toward the use of natural functional and medical supplements has motivated the focus on the search and revival of traditional medicinal plant applications for many years. As a valuable dietary crop, okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal food. This clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the okra pod capsule as an adjuvant treatment in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus and provide clinical trial-based evidence about its anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS A total of 100 type II diabetic patients, aged between 40 and 60 years, were randomly assigned into two groups of okra and placebo. The first group was administered 1000 mg of powdered okra fruit three times a day for 3 months, while the other group received a placebo capsule with the same dosage. Both groups continued the standard antidiabetic therapy (consisting of metformin and gliclazide, as well as a nutritional regimen). At the start and three months later, various factors were measured, including FBG, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, CRP, liver and renal function tests, blood pressure, and BMI changes. RESULTS According to the results, patients who received okra treatment exhibited a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when compared to both the baseline and the placebo group. Patients in the okra group have lower levels of hs-CRP compared with the placebo group after 3 months of treatment. No liver, kidney, and blood pressure or other side effects were observed in the groups associated with okra treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that adjunctive consumption of okra, in type 2 diabetic patients with 1000 mg three times a day for three months, improves lipid profile, glycemic control, and chronic inflammation without any tangible adverse effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY IRCT.Ir (IRCT20120112008712N2). https://www.irct.ir/trial/42042 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Tavakolizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeid Peyrovi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Ali Bahadori
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Zeynab Mohkami
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sotoudeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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7
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Arif Y, Singh P, Mir AR, Alam P, Hayat S. Insights into salicylic acid-mediated redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite involvement in improvement of photosynthetic performance, enzyme activities, ionomics, and yield in different varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108047. [PMID: 37748371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known signaling molecule and phenolic plant hormone. However, the optimal concentration of SA required for beneficial effects may vary across different plant species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on two different varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Sakata-713 and Neelam) in order to determine the optimal concentration of SA and its impact on the growth, physiology, and biochemical processes of the plants. We conducted an experiment applying different SA concentrations (0, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 M) at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and evaluated various plant parameters at different stages. To evaluate various parameters sampling was performed at 30 and 45 DAS; yield traits were calculated at 60 DAS. The results indicate that SA application increased cell division, trichome number, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, gas exchange traits, and elemental status which further boosted plants growth and yield traits. SA application stimulated activity of several enzymes that participate in carboxylation/decarboxylation homeostasis (carbonic anhydrase), nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase), Calvin cycle (Rubisco), TCA cycle (succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase) and secondary metabolism (phenylalanine lyase). A gradual increase in the production of secondary metabolites (total phenol, total flavonoid, anthocyanin) and carbon metabolism (total reducing sugars, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose) was observed. Notably, SA treatment also played a vital role in maintaining a balanced equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the scavenging system (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase). Based on our results, the optimal concentration of SA was determined to be 10-5 M, as it yielded the most favourable outcomes among the different concentrations tested. Moreover, when comparing the two varieties of okra, Sakata-713 exhibited a more promising response to SA treatment compared to Neelam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamshi Arif
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Anayat Rasool Mir
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Rababah TM, Al-U’datt MH, Angor M, Gammoh S, Abweni F, Magableh G, Almajwal A, Yücel S, AL-Rayyan Y, AL-Rayyan N. Effect of Drying and Freezing on the Phytochemical Properties of Okra during Storage. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34448-34457. [PMID: 37779931 PMCID: PMC10536064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is known for its high nutritional value, including its content of phytochemicals. This study aims to investigate the effect of drying and freezing conditions on the phytochemical content of okra. Our results indicated that both air-drying and freezing okra during 6 months of storage showed a significant decrease in total phenolic content, flavonoid content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, higher levels of phytochemicals were found for okra samples treated with Na2SO4 solution when compared to untreated okra. The freezing process appeared to better preserve the content of the investigated phytochemicals when compared to the decrease after drying. Our research has determined that both immersing and freezing okra samples consistently yielded better results in the preservation of phytochemical properties over time, compared to other methods. This study is important for the food industry, as it highlights the importance of proper storage methods to retain the nutritional value of okra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M. Rababah
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammad H. Al-U’datt
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Malak Angor
- Nutrition
and Food Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Faten Abweni
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ghazi Magableh
- Industrial
Engineering Department, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 21163, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department
of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevil Yücel
- Yildiz
Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Yara AL-Rayyan
- College
of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1314, United States
| | - Numan AL-Rayyan
- School
of Medicine and Public Health, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1314, United States
- National
Agricultural Research Center, Amman 19381, Jordan
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Ngongalah L, Rapley T, Rankin J, Heslehurst N. Cultural Influences on African Migrant Pregnant and Postnatal Women's Dietary Behaviours and Nutrition Support Needs in the UK. Nutrients 2023; 15:4135. [PMID: 37836419 PMCID: PMC10574463 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Black women in the UK face significantly higher risks of overweight and obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to women from other ethnic groups. Maternal nutrition plays a pivotal role in influencing the health outcomes of women and their children, especially during preconception and pregnancy. Cultural and environmental factors significantly influence the dietary experiences of African women after migration. This study explored the unique nutrition-related challenges faced by African migrant pregnant and postnatal women in the UK, and their nutrition support needs. Interviews were conducted with 23 African migrant women living in the UK, who were either pregnant or had a pregnancy within the past 3 years. These were analysed thematically, resulting in five overarching themes: food rituals and beliefs, pregnancy cravings, limited access to culturally appropriate food, limited access to culturally appropriate and evidence-based nutritional guidance, and the focus on healthy weight. The study identified challenges that African migrant women face in balancing their cultural heritage with the UK food environment and dietary recommendations, including potential implications on their health and pregnancy outcomes. It emphasised the importance of addressing these challenges through culturally sensitive approaches and tailored interventions, to enable informed decision making and enhance health outcomes for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lem Ngongalah
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK; (J.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Tim Rapley
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK;
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK; (J.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Nicola Heslehurst
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK; (J.R.); (N.H.)
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Kushi EN, Belachew T, Tamiru D. The impacts of okra consumption on the nutritional status of pregnant women, west Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5554-5564. [PMID: 37701227 PMCID: PMC10494605 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-insecurity and poor-quality diets remain a challenge for pregnant women. Consumption of okra has a great impact on improving the nutritional status of pregnant women. Okra plays a critical role in the prevention of malnutrition among pregnant women living in resource-limited settings. The evidence is scarce on the impacts of okra on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement of pregnant women. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 224 pregnant women from June 1 to July 30, 2020. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. The MUAC was measured by using an adult MUAC measuring tape. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by linear regression. The statistical significance of variables was declared at a p-value of .05, and unstandardized beta (β) coefficients along with a 95% confidence interval were computed. The proportion of pregnant women with low MUAC (≤22 cm) was 42.4%. In the multivariable linear regression model, hemoglobin concentration (β = 0.346, [95% CI: 0.153, 0.539], p = .001), food insecurity (β = -0.887, (95% CI: -1.441, -0.334), p = .002), daily consumption of okra (β = 1.269, [95% CI: 0.583, 1.956], p ≤ .001), and women working in NGO (β = 0.443, [95% CI: 0.256, 0.630], p ≤ .001) were significant variables. The prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women (MUAC ≤ 22 cm) was 42.4%. Therefore, behavioral change communication interventions to promote okra consumption on regular basis were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Departments of Nutrition and DieteticsJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Departments of Nutrition and DieteticsJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
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11
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Phoswa WN, Mokgalaboni K. Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus and Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1830. [PMID: 37763234 PMCID: PMC10532493 DOI: 10.3390/life13091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is extensively reported. However, there is still very limited information on the role of these plants as markers of oxidative stress in DM. This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This may reduce reactive oxygen species and further ameliorate oxidative stress in DM. Although the potential benefits of these plants are acknowledged in rodent models, there is still a lack of evidence showing their efficacy against oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we recommend future clinical studies in DM populations, particularly in Africa, to evaluate the potential effects of these plants. Such studies would contribute to enhancing our understanding of the significance of incorporating these plants into dietary practices for the prevention and management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa;
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Fakudze NT, Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1117. [PMID: 37631032 PMCID: PMC10458058 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa is home to diverse medicinal plants that have been used for generations for the treatment of several different cancers and, presently, they are gaining interest from researchers as promising approaches to cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of dietary and medicinal African fruits including their traditional uses, botanical description, ethnobotanical uses, bioactive phytochemical compositions, and anticancer properties investigated to date in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical studies. Data on recent updates concerning the traditional uses and anticancer properties of these fruits were collected from a myriad of available publications in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The results suggest that approximately 12 native or commercially grown African fruits belonging to different plant species, including Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum, have been reported for their potential as treatment options for the management of cancer. We further found that approximately eight different fruits from native plant species from Africa, namely, Sclerocarya birrea, Dovyalis caffra, Parinari curatellifolia, Mimusops caffra, Carpobrotus edulis, Vangueria infausta, Harpephyllum caffrum, and Carissa macrocarpa, have been widely used for the traditional treatment of different ailments but somehow failed to gain the interest of researchers for their use in anticancer research. In this review, we show the potential use of various fruits as anticancer agents, such as Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum; unfortunately, not enough reported research data have been published to gain thorough mechanistic insights and clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of the utilization of potential phytochemicals from fruits like Persea americana and Punica granatum in anticancer research, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paromita Sarbadhikary
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 1701, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.F.); (H.A.)
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 1701, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.F.); (H.A.)
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13
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Wang R, Li W, He Q, Zhang H, Wang M, Zheng X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Du C, Du H, Xing L. The genome of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) provides insights into its genome evolution and high nutrient content. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad120. [PMID: 37554345 PMCID: PMC10405168 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop with high nutritional value. However, the mechanism underlying its high nutrient content remains poorly understood. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome of okra with a size of 1.19 Gb. Comparative genomics analysis revealed the phylogenetic status of A. esculentus, as well as whole-genome duplication (WGD) events that have occurred widely across the Malvaceae species. We found that okra has experienced three additional WGDs compared with the diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii, resulting in a large chromosome number (2n = 130). After three WGDs, okra has undergone extensive genomic deletions and retained substantial numbers of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental adaptation, resulting in significant differences between okra and G. raimondii in the gene families related to cellulose synthesis. Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we revealed the relationship between gene expression and metabolite content change across different okra developmental stages. Furthermore, the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis-related gene families have experienced remarkable expansion in okra, and the expression of key enzymes involved in the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis pathway vary greatly across developmental periods, which partially explains the differences in metabolite content across the different stages. Our study gains insights into the comprehensive evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the genetic basis that underlies the nutrient content changes in okra, which will facilitate the functional study and genetic improvement of okra varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Meijia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xinyuan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Cailian Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Huilong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
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Zhu ZP, Yu JX, Liu FF, Zhu DW, Xiong AS, Sun M. AeWRKY32 from okra regulates anthocyanin accumulation and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154062. [PMID: 37540924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a tropical crop species, and its growth and development are severely affected by cold stress. Recent studies have identified a potential association between WRKY transcription factors and the cold response mechanism of crops. In this study, the AeWRKY32 transcription factor that encodes 482 amino acids was amplified from A. esculentus, and its expression level was found to be the highest in the okra flower. AeWRKY32 localized to the nucleus and displayed transcriptional activation capability. Under normal conditions, overexpression of AeWRKY32 induced anthocyanin accumulation, with higher expression levels of AtCHS1, AtCHI4, AtF3H1, and AtDFR2 in transgenic Arabidopsis. Under cold stress, anthocyanin levels were further elevated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. At the same time, AeWRKY32 overexpression promoted ABA biosynthesis, inhibited H2O2 and O2- generation, induced stomatal closure, reduced electrolyte leakage, and thus improved the cold resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, under cold stress, the expression profiles of AtCOR413, AtCOR15B, AtCBF1, and AtCBF2 were upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overall, our study provides evidence that AeWRKY32 serves as a crucial regulator in both anthocyanin accumulation and cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Our findings could provide insights into the molecular mechanism linking AeWRKYs to plant cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Zhu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Yu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - De-Wei Zhu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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15
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Kushi EN, Belachew T, Tamiru D. Antenatal care follow-up was significantly associated with a higher probability of high dietary diversity score among pregnant women in okra-producing areas of western Ethiopia: proportional odds model. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9608. [PMID: 37533449 PMCID: PMC10392863 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary diversity is important for pregnant women since it has been associated with nutrient adequacy. It is very crucial to ensure optimal fetal health and development. There is no evidence at the community level on the magnitude of dietary diversity and its predictors among pregnant women in okra-producing areas of western Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to assess the level of dietary diversity and its associated factors among pregnant women. Design A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 224 pregnant women in western Ethiopia. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The qualitative open 24-h recall was used to assess the level of dietary diversity. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used by SPSS version 25. An adjusted proportional odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval [CI] was computed to measure the strengths of the association at a P ≤ 0.05. Result This study revealed that more than one-fourth, 64 (28.6%), of the respondents were found to have high dietary diversity scores. Antenatal Care [ANC] visits (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.10, [95% CI: 1.13, 3.90], P = 0.01), changing food intake (AOR = 2.97, [95% CI: 1.16, 3.67], P = 0.002), and being food secure household (AOR = 2.63, [95% CI: 1.38, 5.00], P = 0.003) were significantly associated with a higher probability of having high dietary diversity score. However, lack of formal education (AOR = 0.34, [95% CI: 0.61, 0.89]) was inversely associated with the probability of having high dietary diversity. Conclusion More than half of pregnant women in western Ethiopia were found to have low dietary diversity. Therefore, ANC follow-up, dietary modification, and promotion of frequent use of wild edible plants (okra) to maintain household food security were very crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Negash Kushi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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16
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Lira MM, Oliveira Filho JGD, Sousa TLD, Costa NMD, Lemes AC, Fernandes SS, Egea MB. Selected plants producing mucilage: Overview, composition, and their potential as functional ingredients in the development of plant-based foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112822. [PMID: 37254398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the preference for vegan and vegetarian diets is directly related to changing eating habits and the need for plant-based alternatives to animal-based products, which are better for health, due to the high content of essential amino acids and lipid profile rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and have lower environmental impacts. In this scenario, there is a growing demand for plant-based foods, making it necessary to find new plant-based ingredients for application in foods and beverages. Flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry contain mucilage, a component with potential application in plant-based products. These hydrocolloids can be used as gelling agents, texture modifiers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers in solid and semi-solid foods. This review presents the extraction, characterization, and application of flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry mucilage for use in plant-based foods. It was found that mucilage composition varies due to the extraction method used, extraction conditions, and geographic location of the seed or leaf. However, applications in plant-based foods are currently limited, mainly focused on applying chia mucilage in bakery products and packaging. Research on applying flaxseed and Barbados gooseberry mucilage to plant-based products is limited, though it has been shown to have potential applications in packaging. Mucilage may also increase the nutritional profile of the product and provide better technological, functional, and sensory characteristics. Therefore, because of mucilage's excellent functional and technological properties, it is a promising candidate to act as an ingredient in plant-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Monteiro Lira
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tainara Leal de Sousa
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Agronomy Department, Agronomy School, Street 235, s/n - East University Sector, CEP 74605-450 Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Nair Mota da Costa
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sibele Santos Fernandes
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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Saleem A, Rehman R, Hussain S, Salem MA, Ali F, Shah SAA, Younas U, El-Bahy SM, El-Bahy ZM, Iqbal M. Biodegradable and hemocompatible alginate/okra hydrogel films with promising stability and biological attributes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125532. [PMID: 37355067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, combinations of natural polymers and semi-synthetic biomolecules have gained attention for food-packaging, drug delivery, coatings, and biomedical applications. In this work, cross-linking property of two biopolymers was employed for the fabrication of hydrogel films. Sodium alginate (SAlg) and Okra gel (OkG) were used in different ratios (95:05, 75:25 and 85:15) to synthesize hydrogel films by solvent-casting method. Formation of the films was confirmed by FTIR and Raman techniques which specified the interaction between biomolecules of SAlg and OkG. XRD pattern has shown the presence of both amorphous and micro-crystalline phases in the hydrogel films and SEM studies have shown porosity, amorphousness and agglomerated morphology. TGA and DSC analyses revealed degradation of the film at 420 °C and stability studies using PBS buffer indicated stability and hydrophilic nature of hydrogel films. In-vitro degradation test was also performed for 10 weeks through the incubation of hydrogel-films in simulated body fluid and the effect of pH and temperature was also studied. Results have shown worth-some influence of okra gel on the fabricated films. Hemolytic and antioxidant activities of the gels were also determined and being non-toxic, all these ratios were found suitable for biomedical applications; especially 85:15 have shown maximum potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimon Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Roeya Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sania Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail, Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Umer Younas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Salah M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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18
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Dagar N, Kale A, Jadhav HR, Gaikwad AB. Nutraceuticals and network pharmacology approach for acute kidney injury: A review from the drug discovery aspect. Fitoterapia 2023; 168:105563. [PMID: 37295755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become a global health issue, with ~12 million reports yearly, resulting in a persistent increase in morbidity and mortality rates. AKI pathophysiology is multifactorial involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and eventually, cell death. Hence, therapies able to target multiple pathomechanisms can aid in AKI management. To change the drug discovery framework from "one drug, one target" to "multicomponent, multitarget," network pharmacology is evolving as a next-generation research approach. Researchers have used the network pharmacology approach to predict the role of nutraceuticals against different ailments including AKI. Nutraceuticals (herbal products, isolated nutrients, and dietary supplements) belong to the pioneering category of natural products and have shown protective action against AKI. Nutraceuticals have recently drawn attention because of their ability to provide physiological benefits with less toxic effects. This review emphasizes the nutraceuticals that exhibited renoprotection against AKI and can be used either as monotherapy or adjuvant with conventional therapies to boost their effectiveness and lessen the adverse effects. Additionally, the study sheds light on the application of network pharmacology as a cost-effective and time-saving approach for the therapeutic target prediction of nutraceuticals against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ajinath Kale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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19
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Deka R, Sarmah JK, Baruah S, Dutta RR. An okra polysaccharide (Abelmoschus esculentus) reinforced green hydrogel based on guar gum and poly-vinyl alcohol double network for controlled release of nanocurcumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123618. [PMID: 36780964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel green hydrogel (PGCO) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage-reinforced poly-vinyl alcohol-guar gum (PG) cross-linked by citric acid containing nanocurcumin (NC) as a model drug is reported. The citric acid (CA) cross-linked hydrogel (PGC) without okra is also prepared. The hydrogels are characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA techniques. Okra reinforced green hydrogel (PGCO) provided comparable swelling behaviour with better mechanical and thermal properties compared to the neat PGC hydrogel. Network parameters of PGC and PGCO hydrogels are estimated using Flory-Rehner equation and strong correlation between the cross-link density and swelling behaviour is established. 45.68 % NC loading in the PGCO hydrogel is achieved. Release study in phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 7.4 provided sustained release of NC over a period of 100 h. The release study of NC followed primarily the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with less-Fickian diffusional character (n < 0.5). The average diffusion coefficients of NC and curcumin are found to be 3.52 × 10-5 cm2 s-1, and 3.43 × 10-5 cm2 s-1 respectively demonstrating the quick release of NC in early time, which is a pre-requisite in drug delivery. The study provides initial evidence of the usefulness of okra mucilage in green hydrogel development and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Deka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, Assam PIN 785006, India
| | - Jayanta K Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, Assam PIN 785006, India.
| | - Sudeepta Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, Assam PIN 785006, India
| | - Rekha Rani Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, Assam PIN 785006, India
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20
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Ogunkunle CO, Balogun GY, Olatunji OA, Han Z, Adeleye AS, Awe AA, Fatoba PO. Foliar application of nanoceria attenuated cadmium stress in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130567. [PMID: 37055974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a means for ameliorating abiotic stress is increasingly employed in crop production. In this study, the potential of CeO2-NPs as stress suppressants for cadmium (Cd)-stressed okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants was investigated, using two cycles of foliar application of CeO2-NPs at 200, 400, and 600 mg/l. Compared to untreated stressed plants, Cd-stressed plants treated with CeO2-NPs presented higher pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids). In contrast, foliar applications did not alter Cd root uptake and leaf bioaccumulation. Foliar CeO2-NPs application modulated stress enzymes (APX, SOD, and GPx) in both roots and leaves of Cd-stressed plants, and led to decreases in Cd toxicity in plant's tissues. In addition, foliar application of CeO2-NPs in Cd-stressed okra plants decreased fruit Cd contents, and improved fruit mineral elements and bioactive compounds. The infrared spectroscopic analysis of fruit tissues showed that foliar-applied CeO2-NPs treatments did not induce chemical changes but induced conformational changes in fruit macromolecules. Additionally, CeO2-NPs applications did not alter the eating quality indicator (Mg/K ratio) of okra fruits. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that foliar application of CeO2-NPs has the potential to ameliorate Cd toxicity in tissues and improve fruits of okra plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Ogunkunle
- Environmental Botany unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - G Y Balogun
- Environmental Botany unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O A Olatunji
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Z Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2175 CA, USA
| | - A S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2175 CA, USA
| | - A A Awe
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P O Fatoba
- Environmental Botany unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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21
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Yin F, Song M, Cai W, Shuai L. Methyl jasmonate treatment alleviates chilling injury and improves antioxidant system of okra pod during cold storage. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2049-2060. [PMID: 37051347 PMCID: PMC10084972 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra pod is sensitive to low temperature, which results in chilling injury under improper low-temperature storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on okra pod stored at 4 ± 1°C for 12 days and illuminate the mechanism of MeJA alleviating chilling injury. Compared to the control, MeJA treatments maintained lower relative electric conductivity (REC), chilling injury (CI) degree, and lignin content, as well as higher total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, pectin content, and chlorophyll content. The factor analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the effects of MeJA so that 1 μmol/L MeJA was screened as the optimum concentration to maintain the okra quality throughout the storage time. In contrast with control, MeJA not only accelerated the generation of antioxidant substances (phenolics and flavonoids) but also increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) activity, inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content accumulation, and the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. This work confirmed that MeJA could effectively alleviate chilling injury and maintain the quality during cold-stored by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. These results provide theoretical guidance for the application of MeJA in okra storage and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Qiumei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Feilong Yin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Mubo Song
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Wen Cai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
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22
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Thymol Edible Coating Controls Postharvest Anthracnose by Regulating the Synthesis Pathway of Okra Lignin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020395. [PMID: 36673486 PMCID: PMC9858591 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra has received extensive attention due to its high nutritional value and remarkable functional characteristics, but postharvest diseases have severely limited its application. It is important to further explore the methods and potential methods to control the postharvest diseases of okra. In this study, Colletotrichum fioriniae is the major pathogen that causes okra anthracnose, which can be isolated from naturally decaying okra. The pathogenicity of C. fioriniae against okra was preliminarily verified, and the related biological characteristics were explored. At the same time, an observational study was conducted to investigate the in vitro antifungal effect of thymol edible coating (TKL) on C. fioriniae. After culturing at 28 °C for 5 days, it was found that TKL showed an obvious growth inhibition effect on C. fioriniae. The concentration for 50% of the maximal effect was 95.10 mg/L, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1000 mg/L. In addition, it was found that thymol edible coating with a thymol concentration of 100 mg/L (TKL100) may cause different degrees of damage to the cell membrane, cell wall, and metabolism of C. fioriniae, thereby inhibiting the growth of hyphae and causing hyphal rupture. Refer to the results of the in vitro bacteriostatic experiment. Furthermore, the okra was sprayed with TKL100. It was found that the TKL100 coating could significantly inhibit the infection of C. fioriniae to okra, reduce the rate of brown spots and fold on the okra surface, and inhibit mycelium growth. In addition, the contents of total phenols and flavonoids of okra treated with TKL100 were higher than those of the control group. Meanwhile, the activities of phenylalaninammo-nialyase, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase in the lignin synthesis pathway were generally increased, especially after 6 days in a 28 °C incubator. The lignin content of TKL-W was the highest, reaching 65.62 ± 0.68 mg/g, which was 2.24 times of that of CK-W. Therefore, TKL may promote the synthesis of total phenols and flavonoids in okra, then stimulate the activity of key enzymes in the lignin synthesis pathway, and finally regulate the synthesis of lignin in okra. Thus, TKL could have a certain controlling effect on okra anthracnose.
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Wirivutthikorn W. Development of Powdered Mixed Green Tea and Okra Beverage Product by Spray Drying. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thai herbal juices tend to lose nutrients during heat processing. Spray-drying has been one of the most well-known methods of powder production, which involves the transformation of liquid material into dried particles. The study performed the suitable conditions of spray drying for green tea and okra powder qualities. Maltodextrin as a carrier at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 percent were added to mixed green tea and okra powder. Three inlet and fixed outlet temperatures of 150, 160, 170 and 75C, respectively, were also analysed. Physicochemical properties such as colour, moisture, water activity, pH, yield percentage total phenolic and antioxidant inhibition percentage (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assay) were assessed, while sensory tests were also performed. The inlet temperature of 150C, maltodextrin 10% showed the highest values of the three assays in terms of antioxidant inhibition percentage (DPPH, ABTS (VEAC), (TEAC) and FRAP assays) and total phenolic compound were 0.235%, 0.974 mM/g, 0.696 mM/g, 0.962 mM Fe+2 /g and 0.235 ppm, respectively. A sensory test of each product’s overall acceptability was performed by 30 untrained panelists using the ranking test. The results revealed that the inlet temperature of 150C, maltodextrin 30% was the most accepted (the highest yield percentage), while the inlet temperature of 170C, maltodextrin 30% was the least accepted. The information obtained describes the most exceptional advantages of the spray-drying method for the production of food particles. Further, the potential of this technique and more advanced equipment to develop processes and industrial-scale processes is essential to the bench-to-bedside translation of innovative instant powdered herbal Thai beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Wirivutthikorn
- Department of Agro Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. (RMUTT)
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24
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Natural okra-based hydrogel for chronic diabetic wound healing. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Deen GR, Hannan FA, Henari F, Akhtar S. Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant ( Abelmoschus esculentus) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4174. [PMID: 36500797 PMCID: PMC9738003 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, stable and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) at room temperature and ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the plant (such as the leaves, stems, and pods) on the chemical-reducing effectiveness of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles were investigated. The aqueous extract of the leaves was found to be more effective in the chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles and in stabilizing them at the same time. The silver nanoparticles produced were stable and did not precipitate even after storage for 1 month. The extract of the stem was less effective in the reduction capacity followed by the extract of the pods. The results indicate that the different amounts of phytochemicals present in the leaves, stems, and pods of the okra plant are responsible for the chemical reduction and stabilizing effect. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 460 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 16 nm and polycrystalline with face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. The z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of AgNPs at wavelengths of 488 and 514 nm under C.W. mode excitation. The nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficients were calculated in the theoretical equations in the experimental data. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Roshan Deen
- Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Fatima Al Hannan
- Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Fryad Henari
- Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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27
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Utilizing Nutritional and Polyphenolic Compounds in Underutilized Plant Seeds for Health Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206813. [PMID: 36296406 PMCID: PMC9612334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a significant part of the human diet. Humans have utilized every part of plants for survival, and seeds are no exception. Seeds offer high protein, unsaturated fats, fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals for various food applications. They are also a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds, where various phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic compounds, capable of maintaining and improving well-being, are present in abundant quantities. Plants from Malvaceae and Cannabaceae families are known for their fibre-rich stems that benefit humankind by serving numerous purposes. For many centuries they have been exploited extensively for various commercial and industrial uses. Their seeds, which are often regarded as a by-product of fibre processing, have been scientifically discovered to have an essential role in combating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and oxidative stress. Maximizing the use of these agricultural wastes can be a promising approach to creating a more sustainable world, in accordance with the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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28
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Onaolapo AY, Ojo FO, Olofinnade AT, Falade J, Lawal IA, Onaolapo OJ. Microbiome-Based Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: Can Tuning the Microbiota Become a Viable Therapeutic Strategy? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126136. [PMID: 36056826 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220903114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have continued to baffle medical science, despite strides in the understanding of their pathology. The inability of currently available therapies to halt disease progression is a testament to an incomplete understanding of pathways crucial to disease initiation, progression and management. Science has continued to link the activities and equilibrium of the gut microbiome to the health and proper functioning of brain neurons. They also continue to stir interest in the potential applications of technologies that may shift the balance of the gut microbiome towards achieving a favourable outcome in PD management. There have been suggestions that an improved understanding of the roles of the gut microbiota is likely to lead to the emergence of an era where their manipulation becomes a recognized strategy for PD management. This review examines the current state of our journey in the quest to understand how the gut microbiota can influence several aspects of PD. We highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome/microbiota and PD pathogenesis, as well as preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating the effect of postbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics in PD management. This is with a view to ascertaining if we are at the threshold of discovering the application of a usable tool in our quest for disease modifying therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folusho O Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos State
| | - Joshua Falade
- Department of Mental Health, Afe-Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Ismail A Lawal
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences. Alhikmah University Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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29
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Vetrani C, Piscitelli P, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Graziadio C, Marino F, Colao A. "Planeterranea": An attempt to broaden the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet worldwide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:973757. [PMID: 36118764 PMCID: PMC9480100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lead to a dramatic burden on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs, with Mediterranean Diet (MD) being one of the most effective dietary strategies to reduce diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, MD transferability to non-Mediterranean is challenging and requires a shared path between the scientific community and stakeholders. Therefore, the UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project-"Planeterranea"-aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on food products available in the different areas of the world with the nutritional properties of MD. This review aimed to collect information about eating habits and native crops in 5 macro-areas (North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australia). The information was used to develop specific "nutritional pyramids" based on the foods available in the macro-areas presenting the same nutritional properties and health benefits of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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30
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Huang Y, Fan C, Liu Y, Yang L, Hu W, Liu S, Wang T, Shu Z, Li B, Xing M, Yang S. Nature-Derived Okra Gel as Strong Hemostatic Bioadhesive in Human Blood, Liver, and Heart Trauma of Rabbits and Dogs. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200939. [PMID: 35776108 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioadhesive performance can be compromised due to bleeding. Bleeding increases mortality. Adhesives with hemostatic function are of great significance. A sustainable and robust hemostatic bioadhesive from okra is reported. The adhesive strength reaches around three and six-fold higher than commercial fibrin on pigskin and glass, respectively. The okra gel presents high-pressure resistance and great underwater adhesive strength. In human blood experiments, the okra gel can activate platelets, enhance the adhesion of activated platelets, and release coagulation factors XI and XII. By forming a fast gel layer and closely adhering to the wound, it can quickly stop bleeding in the liver and heart of rabbits and dogs. Meanwhile, okra gel can cause platelet activation at the wound site and further strengthen its hemostatic performance. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can promote wound healing and shows potential as a sustainable bioadhesive, especially in the scenario of significant hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqiang Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tongchuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zhenzhen Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
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31
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Nath R, Komala G, Fantke P, Mukherjee S. Dissipation kinetics, residue modeling and human intake of endosulfan applied to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155591. [PMID: 35490803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The non-judicious application of the harmful pesticide endosulfan on okra, one of India's most consumed vegetable crops, has resulted in the frequent detection of residues in food samples. This can lead to resistance and the resurgence of various pests and diseases. In this context, combined dissipation and residue dynamics of different endosulfan components or mixtures (isomers and metabolites) in crop compartments are not yet well understood. To address this research gap, the present study evaluates the dissipation and persistence behavior of different endosulfan isomers (alpha-, beta-isomers) and major metabolite (endosulfan sulfate) on okra during 2017 and 2018. The half-life of endosulfan on okra leaves was found to be between 1.79 and 3.47 days. Half of the endosulfan deposits on okra fruits at the recommended doses were dissipated after 2.39 days compared to 1.99 days at double recommended doses (mean of 2017 and 2018 residue data). Measured endosulfan residues were evaluated against the dynamic plant uptake model dynamiCROP. The better fits were observed between modeled and measured residues for fruits (R2 from 0.84 to 0.96 and residual standard error (ER) between 0.6 and 1.47) as compared to leaves (R2 from 0.57 to 0.88). We also report fractions of endosulfan components ingested by humans after crop harvest. Intake fractions range from 0.0001-7.2 gintake/kg of applied pesticide. Our results can evaluate pesticide residues in different crops grown for human consumption, including their isomers and metabolites. They can be combined with dose-response information to evaluate human exposure and/or health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nath
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - G Komala
- Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Systematic screening and validation of reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:12913. [PMID: 35902620 PMCID: PMC9334609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a sensitive and widely used technique for quantifying gene expression levels, and its accuracy depends on the reference genes used for data normalization. To date, no reference gene has been reported in the nutritious and functional vegetable okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Herein, 11 candidates of reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability in okra in different tissues at different developmental stages by using three software algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper) and a web-based tool (RefFinder). Among them, eukaryotic initiation factor 4 alpha (eIF4A) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) showed the highest stability, while TUA5 had the lowest stability. The combined usage of these two most stable reference genes was sufficient to normalize gene expression in okra. Then, the above results were further validated by normalizing the expression of the cellulose synthase gene CesA4. This work provides appropriate reference genes for transcript normalization in okra, which will facilitate subsequent functional gene research on this vegetable crop.
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Seasonal Variations in Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Toxic Heavy Metals in the Dominant Vegetables of East Kolkata Wetlands: a Case Study with Suggestive Ecorestorative Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2332-2358. [PMID: 35852756 PMCID: PMC9294751 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), a designated Ramsar site in the eastern part of megacity Kolkata, has been threatened by toxic heavy metal (HM) pollution. Besides being a natural wetland supporting biodiversity, EKW serves as a significant food basket for the city. For assessing the magnitude of HM pollution in this wetland, the three most cultivated food crops of EKW, namely Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Abelmoschus esculentus (ladies’ fingers), and Zea mays (maize), as well as the ambient soil samples, were collected during premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon for 2 consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Predominant HMs like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were analyzed in the roots and edible parts of these plants, as well as in the ambient soil to evaluate the bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) of each HM in the three vegetables. It was observed that the HM content in the food crop species followed the order Z. mays > L. siceraria > A. esculentus. HMs accumulated in all three vegetables as per the order Pb > Cd > Cr > Hg. Monsoon seems to be threatening in terms of bioaccumulation and translocation of HMs as both BF and TF were highest in this season irrespective of the plant species. Hence it demands critical monitoring of HM pollution levels in this wetland and subsequent ecorestoration through distinctive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-assisted co-cultivation of these food crops with low-metal-accumulating, deep-rooted, high-biomass-yielding, and bioenergy-producing perennial grass species for minimizing HM intake.
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Li J, Li J, Ma Y, Kou L, Wei J, Wang W. The complete mitochondrial genome of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): using nanopore long reads to investigate gene transfer from chloroplast genomes and rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA molecules. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:481. [PMID: 35768783 PMCID: PMC9245263 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is an economically important crop and is known for its slimy juice, which has significant scientific research value. The A. esculentus chloroplast genome has been reported; however, the sequence of its mitochondrial genome is still lacking. Results We sequenced the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of okra based on Illumina short reads and Nanopore long reads and conducted a comparative study between the two organelle genomes. The plastid genome of okra is highly structurally conserved, but the mitochondrial genome of okra has been confirmed to have abundant subgenomic configurations. The assembly results showed that okra’s mitochondrial genome existed mainly in the form of two independent molecules, which could be divided into four independent molecules through two pairs of long repeats. In addition, we found that four pairs of short repeats could mediate the integration of the two independent molecules into one complete molecule at a low frequency. Subsequently, we also found extensive sequence transfer between the two organelles of okra, where three plastid-derived genes (psaA, rps7 and psbJ) remained intact in the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, psbJ, psbF, psbE and psbL were integrated into the mitochondrial genome as a conserved gene cluster and underwent pseudogenization as nonfunctional genes. Only psbJ retained a relatively complete sequence, but its expression was not detected in the transcriptome data, and we speculate that it is still nonfunctional. Finally, we characterized the RNA editing events of protein-coding genes located in the organelle genomes of okra. Conclusions In the current study, our results not only provide high-quality organelle genomes for okra but also advance our understanding of the gene dialogue between organelle genomes and provide information to breed okra cultivars efficiently. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08706-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jingling Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lu Kou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Juanjuan Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions from Ministry of Education, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions from Ministry of Education, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Zhang Q, Qin W, Hu X, Yan J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Ding J, Huang P, Wu J. Efficacy and Mechanism of Thymol/KGM/LG Edible Coating Solution on Inhibition of Mucor circinelloides Isolated From Okra. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:880376. [PMID: 35651497 PMCID: PMC9149372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.880376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand and quality requirement for the natural nutritious food in modern society, okra has attracted much attention because of its high nutritional value and remarkable functionality. However, the occurrence of postharvest diseases of fresh okra severely limited the application and the value of okra. Therefore, in this study, the dominant pathogens causing postharvest diseases such as soft rot were isolated from naturally decaying okra. It was identified as Mucor circinelloides by its morphological characteristics and standard internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence. Furthermore, the biological characteristics of M. circinelloides were studied, and the inhibitory effect of thymol/KGM/LG (TKL) edible coating solution on M. circinelloides and its possible mechanism was discussed. In addition, TKL edible coating solution had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on M. circinelloides, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (EC50) of 113.55 mg/L. The TKL edible coating solution at 960 mg/L of thymol completely inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of M. circinelloides. The results showed that the best carbon source of M. circinelloides was maltose, the best nitrogen source was beef extract and potassium nitrate, the best pH was 6, the best temperature was 28°C, the best NaCl concentration was 0.5%, and the light was conducive to the growth of M. circinelloides. It was also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) that TKL was more likely to destroy the cell wall integrity of M. circinelloides, inhibit spore morphology and change mycelium structure. Meanwhile, the activity of chitinase (CHI), an enzyme related to cell wall synthesis of M. circinelloides, was significantly decreased after being treated by TKL with thymol at 100 mg/L (TKL100). The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in M. circinelloides decreased significantly from 12 h to 48 h, which may cause oxidative damage to the cell membrane. The activity polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylgalacturonase (PMG), and cellulase (Cx) of M. circinelloides decreased significantly. Therefore, the results showed that TKL had a good bacteriostatic effect on okra soft rot pathogen, and the main bacteriostatic mechanism might be the damage of cell membrane, degradation of the cell wall, inhibition of metabolic activities, and reduction of metabolites, which is helpful to further understand the inhibitory effect of TKL on okra soft rot pathogen and its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqiu Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xinjie Hu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhuwei Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jie Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Quality Management and Inspection and Detection, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Jiya Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Physiology, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Yang J, Chen X, Rao S, Li Y, Zang Y, Zhu B. Identification and Quantification of Flavonoids in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro of Four Main Components Identified. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060483. [PMID: 35736417 PMCID: PMC9228595 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Okra is a kind of flavonoid-rich food which was reported to have a variety of health functions. Flavonoids are the major polyphenolic compounds in okra and are thought to play a role in reducing the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the flavonoids composition in okra pods and explore the activity of the main flavonoids components identified on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Six individual flavonoids were identified by HPLC-MS/MS: quercetin-3-gentiobioside (Q3G), quercetin-3-sambubioside (Q3S), rutin, quercetin-7-glucoside (Q7G), isoquercitrin (ISO) and quercetin-3-malonylglucoside (Q3M), which were all separated well within 30 min. The analytical method was validated by the recovery of spiked samples and so on. Moreover, four main flavonoids components, namely Q3G, Q3S, ISO and Q3M, exhibited significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of NCI-N87, A375, A549 cells proliferation (25−100 μmol/L) and of HFLS-RA (200−300 μmol/L) in different levels, according to MTT method, respectively. It is demonstrated that the flavonoids components of okra exhibited a noteworthy development prospect as a possible nutraceutical dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Biao Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-63743001
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Nisa N, Wahyuningsih SPA, Darmanto W, Purnama PR, Dewi FRP, Soegiarti T, Karsari D. Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Red Okra Pods ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to Inhibit Cervical Cancer Cells Growth through Cell Cycle-Associated Oncogenes. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:1094771. [PMID: 35529172 PMCID: PMC9072054 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potency of ethanol extract of red okra pods (EEROP) in inhibiting growth of cervical cancer cells through repression of the cell cycle-associated oncogenes. The EEROP treatment was given to HeLa cells cultured with RPMI medium and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2. The MTT method was used to measure HeLa cell growth and IC50 values. The mRNA levels of the three cell cycle-associated oncogenes (MYC, TYMS, and MDM2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR to determine the effect of EEROP treatment on the cell cycle. The lowest percentage of viable cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours after EEROP treatment was in the dose of 1000 μg/mL with a growth percentage of 71.60% at 24 hours, 55.61% at 48 hours, and 46.97% at 72 hours. The IC50 values were 2845, 1153, and 776.8 μg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The three oncogenes at a dose of 1000 μg/mL significantly decreased the lowest mRNA levels compared to other doses with MYC oncogene that experienced the greatest decrease. The mRNA level of dose 1000 μg/mL EEROP at the MYC oncogene was 0.014-fold changes, at the TYMS oncogene was 0.097-fold changes, and at the MDM2 oncogene was 0.028-fold changes. The EEROP has been shown to decrease the expression of three cell cycle-associated oncogenes. This is also supported by the growth of HeLa cells that did not increase throughout 24, 48, and 72 hours. However, further research is needed on the main active components in red okra that function as anticancer, so that in the future, okra can not only stop cancer cell growth but also induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilatun Nisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Win Darmanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Putut Rakhmad Purnama
- Inter-Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tipuk Soegiarti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Deya Karsari
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Awadelkareem AM, Al-Shammari E, Elkhalifa AEO, Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Snoussi M, Khan MI, Azad ZRAA, Patel M, Ashraf SA. Phytochemical and In Silico ADME/Tox Analysis of Eruca sativa Extract with Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential against Caco-2 and HCT-116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041409. [PMID: 35209197 PMCID: PMC8879427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eruca sativa Mill. (E. sativa) leaves recently grabbed the attention of scientific communities around the world due to its potent bioactivity. Therefore, the present study investigates the metabolite profiling of the ethanolic crude extract of E. sativa leaves using high resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC/MS), including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potential against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. In addition, computer-aided analysis was performed for determining the pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity prediction of the identified compounds. Our results show that E. sativa contains several bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay of E. sativa extract showed inhibitory effects of the tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were found to be IC50 = 66.16 μg/mL and 76.05 μg/mL, respectively. E. sativa also showed promising anticancer activity against both the colorectal cancer cells HCT-116 (IC50 = 64.91 μg/mL) and Caco-2 (IC50 = 83.98 μg/mL) in a dose/time dependent manner. The phytoconstituents identified showed promising pharmacokinetics properties, representing a valuable source for drug or nutraceutical development. These investigations will lead to the further exploration as well as development of E. sativa-based nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.E.O.E.)
| | - Eyad Al-Shammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.E.O.E.)
| | - Abd Elmoneim O. Elkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.E.O.E.)
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.J.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.J.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.J.S.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Bio-Technology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arras, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Z R Azaz Ahmad Azad
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India;
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.E.O.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-591491521
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Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Value, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Assessment of Aqueous Extract from Abelmoschus esculentus Pods. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Known for its high nutritional and medicinal value, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is commonly used for replacing plasma and expanding blood volume in humans. It is a major economic crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate and evaluate the nutritional properties and prospective applications of the consumable parts of okra. The total ash content (mineral content), carbohydrate, crude fiber, fat, protein, and moisture fractions of okra pod aqueous extract were determined. The results show that okra aqueous extract contained 84.670–87.650% moisture, 1.514–1.197% ash, 7.857–8.261% carbohydrate, 2.367–3.410% crude protein, and 6.781–8.314% crude fiber. Okra was determined to have high nutritional value, with γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol contents about 2.67 mg/100 g and 1.62 mg/100 g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the sugars present in okra aqueous extract. The water-soluble polysaccharide content was 10.22–16.45 g/100 g. The tested aqueous extract was a rich source of total phenolic compounds in gallic acid equivalents (288.2–3426.2 mg/100 g), chlorophyll a (3.53 mg/100), chlorophyll b (2.43 mg/100), and carotenoids (1.3 mg/100 g). The detected minerals were Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, K, Na, and Mn. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of these ashed minerals was performed. In addition to the nutritional benefits, okra pods exhibited antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract was found to be potentially active against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC value = 21.8 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC value = 18.7 mg/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC value = 20.7 mg/mL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC value = 20.2 mg/mL). Okra aqueous extract exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 120 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 115 µg/mL). The okra extract exhibited high anticancer activity, concentration-dependent and with an IC50 value of about 158.3 mg/mL. The results indicated that okra pods have nutritional and medicinal properties and, hence, can be used as a functional food and broad-spectrum nutraceutical supplement.
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Agregán R, Pateiro M, Bohrer BM, Shariati MA, Nawaz A, Gohari G, Lorenzo JM. Biological activity and development of functional foods fortified with okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6018-6033. [PMID: 35037792 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Abelmoschus esculentus plant, better known as okra, is an interesting crop from a nutritional standpoint. The okra plant is native to the African region but can now be found throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. This plant, known for its healing abilities, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat several diseases and external ailments, such as wounds or boils. This article reviews the potential health benefits from okra consumption, as well as the bioactive compounds that are suggested to be responsible. Furthermore, the okra plant and its derivatives have been evaluated in the formulation and manufacture of new functional food products. The latest advances in this direction, which includes characterizing the technical properties of functional foods fortified with okra are also presented in this review. A series of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and catechins have been found in the okra plant, which were associated with numerous biological properties observed in research studies that reported potential anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, and antimicrobial effects, among others, as a result of their consumption. These potential health benefits contribute to the development of new and useful functional foods, with okra (or its derivatives) being used as the highlighted ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Agregán
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia Federation
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Ko MN, Hyun SB, Ahn KJ, Hyun CG. Immunomodulatory effects of Abelmoschus esculentus water extract through MAPK and NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells. BIOTECHNOLOGY NOTES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9156435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotno.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the world is facing a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its early virulence mechanisms. Therefore, finding new methods to enhance innate immunity is a promising strategy to attenuate the effects of this major global health problem. With the aim of characterizing bioactive ingredients as immune-enhancing agents, this study focuses on Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), which has several previously demonstrated bioactivities. Firstly, we investigated the immune-stimulatory effects of okra leaf ethanol extract (OLE) and okra leaf water extract (OLW) on nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. OLE significantly decreased nitrite accumulation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that it potentially inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, OLW significantly enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and NO in a dose-dependent manner. OLW also increased the expression levels of NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, potentially explaining the OLW-induced increase in NO and PGE2 production. In addition, OLW stimulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK, p38, and JNK) as well as the activation and subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This indicated that OLW activates macrophages to secrete PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO, inducing iNOS and COX-2 expression via activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that OLW can effectively promote the activation of macrophages, suggesting that OLW may possess potent immunomodulatory effects and should be explored as a potential health-promoting materials to boost the immune system.
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Ashraf SA, Elkhalifa AEO, Ahmad MF, Patel M, Adnan M, Sulieman AME. Probiotic Fermented Foods and Health Promotion. AFRICAN FERMENTED FOOD PRODUCTS- NEW TRENDS 2022:59-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82902-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Malek Mahdavi A, Javadivala Z, Ahmadian E. Effects of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Food Funct 2022; 13:3159-3169. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Present study aimed to systematically review the available investigations about the effects of okra on important inflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis...
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Multi-Targeted Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Likeness Evaluation of Okra-Derived Ligand Abscisic Acid Targeting Signaling Proteins Involved in the Development of Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195957. [PMID: 34641501 PMCID: PMC8512114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global threat affecting millions of people of different age groups. In recent years, the development of naturally derived anti-diabetic agents has gained popularity. Okra is a common vegetable containing important bioactive components such as abscisic acid (ABA). ABA, a phytohormone, has been shown to elicit potent anti-diabetic effects in mouse models. Keeping its anti-diabetic potential in mind, in silico study was performed to explore its role in inhibiting proteins relevant to diabetes mellitus- 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1), aldose reductase, glucokinase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), and Sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases 6 (SIRT6). A comparative study of the ABA-protein docked complex with already known inhibitors of these proteins relevant to diabetes was compared to explore the inhibitory potential. Calculation of molecular binding energy (ΔG), inhibition constant (pKi), and prediction of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties were performed. The molecular docking investigation of ABA with 11-HSD1, GFAT, PPAR-gamma, and SIRT6 revealed considerably low binding energy (ΔG from −8.1 to −7.3 Kcal/mol) and predicted inhibition constant (pKi from 6.01 to 5.21 µM). The ADMET study revealed that ABA is a promising drug candidate without any hazardous effect following all current drug-likeness guidelines such as Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge.
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Jabborova D, Annapurna K, Al-Sadi AM, Alharbi SA, Datta R, Zuan ATK. Biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated enhanced drought tolerance in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) plant growth, root morphological traits and physiological properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5490-5499. [PMID: 34588859 PMCID: PMC8459127 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. There is limited information on effect of interaction between biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on okra growth, root morphological traits and soil enzyme activities under drought stress. We studied the influence of biochar and AMF on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiments in a net house under drought condition. The results showed that the biochar treatment significantly increased plant growth (the plant height by 14.2%, root dry weight by 30.0%) and root morphological traits (projected area by 22.3% and root diameter by 22.7%) under drought stress. In drought stress, biochar treatment significantly enhanced the chlorophyll 'a' content by 32.7%, the AMF spore number by 22.8% and the microbial biomass as compared to the control. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root dry weights significantly increased by AMF alone, by 16.6%, 21.0% and 40.0% respectively under drought condition. Other plant biometrics viz: the total root length, the root volume, the projected area and root diameter improved significantly with the application of AMF alone by 38.3%, 60.0%,16.8% and 15.9% respectively as compared with control. Compared to the control, AMF treatment alone significantly enhanced the total chlorophyll content by 36.6%, the AMF spore number by 39.0% and the microbial biomass by 29.0% under drought condition. However, the highest values of plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and root morphological traits (the total root length, root volume, projected area, root surface area) were observed in the combined treatment of biochar and AMF treatment viz: 31.9%, 34.2%, 60.0% and 68.6%, 66.6%, 45.5%, 41.8%, respectively compared to the control under drought stress. The nitrogen content, total chlorophyll content and microbial biomass increased over un-inoculated control. The soil enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities significantly increased in the combined treatment by 55.8%, 68.7% and 69.5%, respectively as compared to the control under drought stress. We conclude that biochar and AMF together is potentially beneficial for cultivation of okra in drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Jabborova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kannepalli Annapurna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, AlKhoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as a Potential Functional Food Source of Mucilage and Bioactive Compounds with Technological Applications and Health Benefits. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081683. [PMID: 34451728 PMCID: PMC8399980 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus has fruit popularly known as okra and belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is commonly used in cooking but also in traditional medicine in the treatment of worms, dysentery, inflammation, and also irritation of the stomach, intestines, and kidneys, as it is a potential functional food. Its mucilage is a highly viscous polysaccharide that is mostly composed of monosaccharides D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and galacturonic acid, as well as proteins and minerals. The functional properties of okra mucilage have been widely studied, mainly for its potential antidiabetic activity; thus, its use as adjuvant or nutraceutical therapy for diabetes is very promising. Due to its rheological properties, it is a potential resource for pharmaceutical and food applications. Okra mucilage can be extracted by several methods, which can directly influence its physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. Features such as low cost, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and high availability in nature arouse the interest of researchers for the study of okra mucilage. The survey of research on the applications of okra mucilage highlights the importance of using this promising source of bioactive compounds with interesting technological properties. The potential of okra as a functional food, the properties of okra mucilage, and its technological applications are discussed in this review.
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Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Okra Seeds Reveals Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Vasoprotective Activities. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081645. [PMID: 34451690 PMCID: PMC8399463 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra) is a commonly consumed vegetable that consists of the seeds and peel component which are rich in polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to utilize pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals from different parts of okra. A single step PHWE was performed at various temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C) to determine which extraction temperature exhibits the optimum phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The optimum temperature for PHWE extraction was determined at 80 °C and the biological activities of the different parts of okra (Inner Skin, Outer Skin and Seeds) were characterized using antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS), α-glucosidase and vasoprotective assays. Using PHWE, the different parts of okra displayed distinct phytochemical profiles, which consist of primarily polyphenolic compounds. The okra Seeds were shown to have the most antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic effects compared to other okra parts, likely to be attributed to their higher levels of polyphenolic compounds. Similarly, okra Seeds also reduced vascular inflammation by downregulating TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 and SELE expression. Furthermore, metabolite profiling by LC/MS also provided evidence of the cytoprotective effect of okra Seeds in endothelial cells. Therefore, the use of PHWE may be an alternative approach for the environmentally friendly extraction and evaluation of plant extracts for functional food applications.
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Rawat JM, Pandey S, Debbarma P, Rawat B. Preparation of Alcoholic Beverages by Tribal Communities in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Review on Traditional and Ethnic Consideration. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.672411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is the center of the diverse food culture comprising fermented and non-fermented ethnic foods and alcoholic beverages. Diverse tribal communities in IHR (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Laddakh, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura) have been long known for their rich culture and food habits. Having strong ritual importance among the ethnic people of the IHR, alcoholic beverages are being consumed in various cultural, social, and religious events for ages. Consumption of in-house prepared alcoholic beverage is the socio-cultural tradition in India as well as across the globe. The processes and ingredients involved in alcoholic beverage preparations vary with raw material availability in different regions. The majority of the fermented drinks are cereal-based with a significant proportion of various plants and fruits as the main raw material, making a beverage more unique in taste. Some plant ingredients used for traditional alcoholic beverages have potential nutraceutical as well as therapeutic properties that are well documented. These properties could constitute an additional economic value for traditional alcoholic beverages commercialization, which, in turn, could promote the local rural economy. Until now, such beverages have only received marginal attention by ethnobotanists and few studies concern traditional fermented beverages in the IHR. In this view, the current review focused on preparation, diversity, cultural, and economic significance and health benefits of ethnic beverages used by tribal communities in the IHR.
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Elkhalifa AEO, Al-Shammari E, Adnan M, Alcantara JC, Mehmood K, Eltoum NE, Awadelkareem AM, Khan MA, Ashraf SA. Development and Characterization of Novel Biopolymer Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Extract and Its Antidiabetic Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123609. [PMID: 34204669 PMCID: PMC8231194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is an important vegetable crop, widely cultivated around the world due to its high nutritional significance along with several health benefits. Different parts of okra including its mucilage have been currently studied for its role in various therapeutic applications. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize the okra mucilage biopolymer (OMB) for its physicochemical properties as well as to evaluate its in vitro antidiabetic activity. The characterization of OMB using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that okra mucilage containing polysaccharides lies in the bandwidth of 3279 and 1030 cm-1, which constitutes the fingerprint region of the spectrum. In addition, physicochemical parameters such as percentage yield, percentage solubility, and swelling index were found to be 2.66%, 96.9%, and 5, respectively. A mineral analysis of newly developed biopolymers showed a substantial amount of calcium (412 mg/100 g), potassium (418 mg/100 g), phosphorus (60 mg/100 g), iron (47 mg/100 g), zinc (16 mg/100 g), and sodium (9 mg/100 g). The significant antidiabetic potential of OMB was demonstrated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory assay. Further investigations are required to explore the newly developed biopolymer for its toxicity, efficacy, and its possible utilization in food, nutraceutical, as well as pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Elmoneim O. Elkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.O.E.); (E.A.-S.); (N.E.E.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Eyad Al-Shammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.O.E.); (E.A.-S.); (N.E.E.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jerold C. Alcantara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 81481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nagat Elzein Eltoum
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.O.E.); (E.A.-S.); (N.E.E.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.O.E.); (E.A.-S.); (N.E.E.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.O.E.); (E.A.-S.); (N.E.E.); (A.M.A.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-591491521 or +966-165358298
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