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Xia Y, Sun M, Huang H, Jin WL. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:92. [PMID: 38637540 PMCID: PMC11026526 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents a significant challenge to global health. Despite significant advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches, which have improved cancer treatment outcomes, drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects, and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics. One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing: the identification of new applications for existing, clinically approved drugs. Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective, proven to be safe, and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles. In light of this, the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing, specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer. We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs, and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In addition, we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery. We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen. To conclude, we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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2
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Kooshki L, Webber K, Bishayee A. Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by natural compounds: a comprehensive and critical review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:501-574. [PMID: 37792223 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells employ multiple signaling mediators to escape the hypoxic condition and trigger angiogenesis and metastasis. As a critical orchestrate of tumorigenic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is responsible for stimulating several target genes and dysregulated pathways in tumor invasion and migration. Therefore, targeting HIF-1 pathway and cross-talked mediators seems to be a novel strategy in cancer prevention and treatment. In recent decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop multi-targeted therapies to modulate several dysregulated pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In this line, natural compounds have shown a bright future in combating angiogenic and metastatic conditions. Among the natural secondary metabolites, we have evaluated the critical potential of phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur compounds, marine- and microbe-derived agents in the attenuation of HIF-1, and interconnected pathways in fighting tumor-associated angiogenesis and invasion. This is the first comprehensive review on natural constituents as potential regulators of HIF-1 and interconnected pathways against cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. This review aims to reshape the previous strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Abbaszadeh F, Faraji F, Amirian R, Sinha D, McMahon EG, Bishayee A. Targeting the key players of phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells by phytochemicals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:261-292. [PMID: 38169011 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plasticity of phenotypic traits refers to an organism's ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. As a result, the response may alter an organism's physiological state, morphology, behavior, and phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells describes the considerable ability of cancer cells to transform phenotypes through non-genetic molecular signaling activities that promote therapy evasion and tumor metastasis via amplifying cancer heterogeneity. As a result of metastable phenotypic state transitions, cancer cells can tolerate chemotherapy or develop transient adaptive resistance. Therefore, new findings have paved the road in identifying factors and agents that inhibit or suppress phenotypic plasticity. It has also investigated novel multitargeted agents that may promise new effective strategies in cancer treatment. Despite the efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, drug toxicity, development of resistance, and high-cost limit their use in cancer therapy. Recent research has shown that small molecules derived from natural sources are capable of suppressing cancer by focusing on the plasticity of phenotypic responses. This systematic, comprehensive, and critical review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the ability of phytocompounds to target phenotypic plasticity at both preclinical and clinical levels. Current challenges/pitfalls, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Emily G McMahon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Dharshini LCP, Mandal AKA. Regulation of gene expression by modulating microRNAs through Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:230. [PMID: 38281210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an intricate ailment that has a higher death rate globally and is characterized by aberrant cell proliferation and metastasis in nature. Since the beginning of healthcare, natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been utilized to support human health. Green tea contains an essential catechin called epigallocatechin gallate, which has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. The anticancer properties of EGCG have been extensively studied using pre-clinical cell culture and animal model systems. Dysregulated miRNA may be a biomarker since it influences the different characteristics of cancer like upholding proliferative signaling, cell death, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EGCG either elevates or lowers the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in cancer. Nonetheless, due to its anticancer properties, greater attention has been paid towards the development of efficient strategies for utilizing EGCG in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the modifying effect of EGCG on miRNAs in cancer after briefly discussing the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG and the function of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Luo K, Zhang W, Reza Aref A, Zhang X. Acquired and intrinsic gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer therapy: Environmental factors, molecular profile and drug/nanotherapeutic approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117443. [PMID: 37863168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer patients around the world rely on gemcitabine (GEM) for chemotherapy. During local metastasis of cancers, surgery is beneficial for therapy, but dissemination in distant organs leads to using chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery to prevent cancer recurrence. Therapy failure can be observed as a result of GEM resistance, threatening life of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The mortality and morbidity of PC in contrast to other tumors are increasing. GEM chemotherapy is widely utilized for PC suppression, but resistance has encountered its therapeutic impacts. The purpose of current review is to bring a broad concept about role of biological mechanisms and pathways in the development of GEM resistance in PC and then, therapeutic strategies based on using drugs or nanostructures for overcoming chemoresistance. Dysregulation of the epigenetic factors especially non-coding RNA transcripts can cause development of GEM resistance in PC and miRNA transfection or using genetic tools such as siRNA for modulating expression level of these factors for changing GEM resistance are suggested. The overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and survival genes can contribute to GEM resistance in PC. Moreover, supportive autophagy inhibits apoptosis and stimulates GEM resistance in PC cells. Increase in metabolism, glycolysis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulation are considered as other factors participating in GEM resistance in PC. Drugs can suppress tumorigenesis in PC and inhibit survival factors and pathways in increasing GEM sensitivity in PC. More importantly, nanoparticles can increase pharmacokinetic profile of GEM and promote its blood circulation and accumulation in cancer site. Nanoparticles mediate delivery of GEM with genes and drugs to suppress tumorigenesis in PC and increase drug sensitivity. The basic research displays significant connection among dysregulated pathways and GEM resistance, but the lack of clinical application is a drawback that can be responded in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kuo Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hyheia Hospital, Chongqing, 4001331, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Mir SA, Dar A, Hamid L, Nisar N, Malik JA, Ali T, Bader GN. Flavonoids as promising molecules in the cancer therapy: An insight. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 6:100167. [PMID: 38144883 PMCID: PMC10733705 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to increase global morbidity and mortality rates. Despite substantial progress in the development of various chemically synthesized anti-cancer drugs, the poor prognosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. The most common drawback of conventional cancer therapies is the emergence of drug resistance eventually leading to the discontinuation of chemotherapy. Moreover, advanced target-specific therapies including immunotherapy and stem cell therapy are expensive enough and are unaffordable for most patients in poorer nations. Therefore, alternative and cheaper therapeutic strategies are needed to complement the current cancer treatment approaches. Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds produced naturally by plants and have great potential in human health and disease. These compounds possess antiproliferative, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Among the phytochemicals, flavonoids are very effective in treating a wide range of diseases from cardiovascular diseases and immunological disorders to cancer. They scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit cancer metastasis, modulate the immune system and induce apoptotic or autophagic cell death in cancers. This review will discuss the potential of various phytochemicals particularly flavonoids in attempts to target various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Ashraf Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Laraibah Hamid
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Nasir Nisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, India
| | - Tabasum Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
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Almaguer G, Almaguer-Vargas G, Molina-Trinidad EM, Becerril-Flores MA, Montejano B, Madrigal-Santillan E, Hernández-Ceruelos A, Figueroa-Gutiérrez AH, Montejano E, Montejano-Rodríguez JR. Antitumor Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Vincristine in Mice with L5178Y Lymphoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3757. [PMID: 37960113 PMCID: PMC10647321 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of research into new therapies is the search for more efficacy and fewer toxic effects in cancer treatments. On one hand, vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic used in different kinds of tumors. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea metabolite that has shown an antineoplastic effect in diverse investigations, so the objective of this work is to evaluate the antitumor effects of the EGCG/VCR combination on tumor volume and survival. To achieve this objective, the solid model of lymphoma L5178Y was used in BALB/c mice with different doses of VCR, EGCG, and their combination allowed tumor growth and survival time recording. After tumor collection, measurements, and immunohistochemistry for p53, Bcl2, and Cyclin D1 were performed. The results showed that the EGCG/vincristine combination had a greater antitumor effect than those effects of vincristine and EGCG. It can be attributed to the fact that the greatest inhibition of Bcl2 was present in gathering of EGCG harvest with vincristine. Therefore, the combination of EGCG with vincristine has a better antineoplastic effect by inhibiting tumor development and increasing survival on both substances independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Almaguer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Almaguer-Vargas
- Plant Breeding Department, Horticulture Institute, Chapingo Autonomous University, Federal Highway Mexico-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Eva María Molina-Trinidad
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Becerril-Flores
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Brenda Montejano
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital San José, Santiago de Querétaro 76180, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Ceruelos
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Ana Hilda Figueroa-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Ethoan Montejano
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Biotechnology IPN, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Acueducto, La Laguna Ticoman, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - José Ramón Montejano-Rodríguez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
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Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Rufino AT, Fernandes E, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The role of flavonoids in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: A review on targeting signaling pathways and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1878-1945. [PMID: 37147865 DOI: 10.1002/med.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metastasis, a process that entails the spread of cancer cells to distant regions in the body, culminating in tumor formation in secondary organs. Importantly, the proinflammatory environment surrounding cancer cells further contributes to cancer cell transformation and extracellular matrix destruction. During metastasis, front-rear polarity and emergence of migratory and invasive features are manifestations of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A variety of transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the execution of EMT, the most prominent belonging to the Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor (SNAI) and Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox (ZEB) families of TFs. These TFs are regulated by interaction with specific microRNAs (miRNAs), as miR34 and miR200. Among the several secondary metabolites produced in plants, flavonoids constitute a major group of bioactive molecules, with several described effects including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesogenic, and anticancer effects. This review scrutinizes the modulatory role of flavonoids on the activity of SNAI/ZEB TFs and on their regulatory miRNAs, miR-34, and miR-200. The modulatory role of flavonoids can attenuate mesenchymal features and stimulate epithelial features, thereby inhibiting and reversing EMT. Moreover, this modulation is concomitant with the attenuation of signaling pathways involved in diverse processes as cell proliferation, cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis inhibition, morphogenesis, cell fate, cell migration, cell polarity, and wound healing. The antimetastatic potential of these versatile compounds is emerging and represents an opportunity for the synthesis of more specific and potent agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kweon B, Kim DU, Oh JY, Park SJ, Bae GS. Catechin hydrate ameliorates cerulein‑induced chronic pancreatitis via the inactivation of TGF‑β/Smad2 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:208. [PMID: 37732516 PMCID: PMC10539998 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a pancreatic inflammatory disease associated with histological changes, including fibrosis, acinar cell loss and immune cell infiltration, and leads to damage of the pancreas, which results in pain, weight loss and loss of pancreas function. Catechin or catechin hydrate (CH) has antioxidant, anticancer and immune‑regulatory effects. However, unlike other catechins, the antifibrotic effects of (+)‑CH have not been widely studied in many diseases, including CP. Therefore, the anti‑fibrotic effects of (+)‑CH against CP were evaluated in the present study. To assess the prophylactic effects of CH, (+)‑CH (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or ethanol was administered 1 h before first cerulein (50 µg/kg) injection. To assess the therapeutic effects, (+)‑CH (5 mg/kg) or ethanol was administered after cerulein injection for one or two weeks. In both methods, cerulein was injected intraperitoneally into mice once every hour, six times a day, four times a week, for a total of three weeks, to induce CP. The data showed that (+)‑CH markedly inhibited glandular destruction and inflammation during CP. Moreover, (+)‑CH prevented pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation and the production of extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin 1 and collagens, which suggested that it may act as a novel therapeutic agent. Furthermore, the mechanism and effectiveness of (+)‑CH on pancreatic fibrosis were investigated in isolated PSCs. (+)‑CH suppressed the activation of Smad2 and fibrosis factors that act through transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) or platelet‑derived growth factor. These findings suggest that (+)‑CH exhibits antifibrotic effects in cerulein‑induced CP by inactivating TGF‑β/Smad2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Kweon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Casarcia N, Rogers P, Guld E, Iyer S, Li Y, Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Banerjee S, Bishayee A. Phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Current progress and future prospects. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37740585 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, owing to its aggressive nature and suboptimal treatment options, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Emerging studies have exhibited promising results regarding the therapeutic utility of plant-derived compounds (phytochemicals) in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was applied to collect articles for this review. Scholarly databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, were queried for relevant studies using the following keywords: phytochemicals, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing compounds, in vitro, in vivo, clinical studies, pancreatic cancer, tumour, treatment and prevention. Aggregate results pooled from qualified studies indicate phytochemicals can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth or decrease tumour size and volume in animal models. These effects have been attributed to various mechanisms, such as increasing proapoptotic factors, decreasing antiapoptotic factors, or inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notable signalling pathways modulated by phytochemicals include the rat sarcoma/mitogen activated protein kinase, wingless-related integration site/β-catenin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction pathways. Clinically, phytochemicals have been found to increase survival while being well-tolerated and safe, though research is scarce. While these promising results have produced great interest in this field, further in-depth studies are required to characterize the anticancer activities of phytochemicals before they can be utilized to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Rogers
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Emma Guld
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Samvit Iyer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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11
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Eltahir S, Ahmad A. Flavonoids on the Frontline against Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4139. [PMID: 37627166 PMCID: PMC10452402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Eltahir
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Hosseinzadeh A, Poursoleiman F, Biregani AN, Esmailzadeh A. Flavonoids target different molecules of autophagic and metastatic pathways in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:114. [PMID: 37308913 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of cancer therapy, it has encountered a major obstacle due to the complicated nature of cancer, namely resistance. The recurrence and metastasis of cancer occur when anti-cancer therapeutic agents fail to eradicate all cancer cells. Cancer therapy aims to find the best agent that targets all cancer cells, including those sensitive or resistant to treatment. Flavonoids, natural products from our diet, show anti-cancer effects in different studies. They can inhibit metastasis and the recurrence of cancers. This review discusses metastasis, autophagy, anoikis in cancer cells, and their dynamic relationship. We present evidence that flavonoids can block metastasis and induce cell death in cancer cells. Our research suggests that flavonoids can serve as potential therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysooda Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Poursoleiman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Naghdipour Biregani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Scinences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmailzadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Sahadevan R, Binoy A, Vechalapu SK, Nanjan P, Sadhukhan S. In situ global proteomics profiling of EGCG targets using a cell-permeable and Click-able bioorthogonal probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123991. [PMID: 36907293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities, molecular targets of EGCG remain elusive and as a result, its precise mode of action is still unknown. Herein, we have developed a novel cell-permeable and Click-able bioorthogonal probe for EGCG, YnEGCG for in situ detection and identification of its interacting proteins. The strategic structural modification on YnEGCG allowed it to retain innate biological activities of EGCG (IC50 59.52 ± 1.14 μM and 9.07 ± 0.01 μM for cell viability and radical scavenging activity, respectively). Chemoproteomics profiling identified 160 direct EGCG targets, with H:L ratio ≥ 1.10 from the list of 207 proteins, including multiple new proteins that were previously unknown. The targets were broadly distributed in various subcellular compartments suggesting a polypharmacological mode of action of EGCG. GO analysis revealed that the primary targets belonged to the enzymes that regulate key metabolic processes including glycolysis and energy homeostasis, also the cytoplasm (36 %) and mitochondria (15.6 %) contain the majority of EGCG targets. Further, we validated that EGCG interactome was closely associated with apoptosis indicating its role in inducing toxicity in cancer cells. For the first time, this in situ chemoproteomics approach could identify a direct and specific EGCG interactome under physiological conditions in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sai K Vechalapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India; Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India; Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India.
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14
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Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals, which occur naturally in plants and possess both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties. Flavonoids are gaining increasing popularity in the pharmaceutical industry as healthy and cost-effective compounds. Flavonoids show beneficial pharmacological activities in the treatment and prevention of various types of diseases. They are natural and less toxic agents for cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy via regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways and pro-oxidant effects. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of selected flavonoids, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Foundation for Education and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Costa AR, Duarte AC, Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. Bitter taste signaling in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 315:121363. [PMID: 36610638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance of cancer cells to many drugs used in chemotherapy remains a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance transporters, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, are a major cause of cancer drug resistance since they translocate a broad range of drug compounds across the cell membrane, extruding them out of the cells. The regulation of ABC transporters by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), which might be activated by specific bitter tasting compounds, was described in several types of cells/organs, becoming a potential target for cancer therapy. TAS2Rs expression has been reported in many organs and several types of cancer, like breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancers, where their activation was shown to be involved in various biological actions (cell survival, apoptosis, molecular transport, among others). Moreover, many TAS2Rs' ligands, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, with well-recognized beneficial properties, including several anticancer effects, have been reported as potential adjuvants in cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of TAS2Rs and bitter tasting compounds in different types of cancer as a possible way to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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16
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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis in Tumor Cells: A Promising Adjuvant in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021680. [PMID: 36675194 PMCID: PMC9863215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to the contribution of the natural polyphenols contained in them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The multiple mechanisms involved in their anti-tumor action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death. Since the dysregulation of death processes is involved in cancer etiopathology, the natural compounds able to kill cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death, is the most potent defense against cancer and the main mechanism used by both chemotherapy agents and polyphenols. The aim of this review is to provide an update of literature data on the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by some representative polyphenol family members in cancer cells. This aspect is particularly important because it may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving the polyphenols as adjuvants.
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17
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Li XX, Liu C, Dong SL, Ou CS, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Anticarcinogenic potentials of tea catechins. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1060783. [PMID: 36545470 PMCID: PMC9760998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a cluster of polyphenolic bioactive components in green tea. Anticarcinogenic effects of tea catechins have been reported since the 1980s, but it has been controversial. The present paper reviews the advances in studies on the anticarcinogenic activities of tea and catechins, including epidemiological evidence and anticarcinogenic mechanism. Tea catechins showed antagonistic effects on many cancers, such as gynecological cancers, digestive tract cancers, incident glioma, liver and gallbladder cancers, lung cancer, etc. The mechanism underlying the anticarcinogenic effects of catechins involves in inhibiting the proliferation and growth of cancer cells, scavenging free radicals, suppressing metastasis of cancer cells, improving immunity, interacting with other anticancer drugs, and regulating signaling pathways. The inconsistent results and their causes are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tea Science Society of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ling Dong
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Song Ou
- Development Center of Liubao Tea Industry, Cangwu, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Rong Liang,
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Xin-Qiang Zheng,
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18
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Gor R, Ramachandran I, Ramalingam S. Targeting the Cancer Stem Cells in Endocrine Cancers with Phytochemicals. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2589-2597. [PMID: 36380414 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221114112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells in the hormone-producing glands. Endocrine cancers include the adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary, and ovary malignancy. Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of the most common endocrine cancer types, namely pancreatic and thyroid cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of endocrine tumors have received more attention due to their role in cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and cancer relapse. Phytochemicals provide several health benefits and are effective in the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Therefore, finding the natural phytochemicals that target the CSCs will help to improve cancer patients' prognosis and life expectancy. Phytochemicals have been shown to have anticancer properties and are very effective in treating various cancer types. Curcumin is a common polyphenol found in turmeric, which has been shown to promote cellular drug accumulation and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Moreover, various other phytochemicals such as resveratrol, genistein, and apigenin are effective against different endocrine cancers by regulating the CSCs. Thus, phytochemicals have emerged as chemotherapeutics that may have significance in preventing and treating the endocrine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Epigallocatechin Gallate Relieved PM2.5-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through AKT/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7291774. [PMID: 35707275 PMCID: PMC9192191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7291774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are main pathological processes leading to the development of PM2.5-induced lung fibrosis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EG), a natural polyphenol extracted from green tea, possesses the ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the potential roles of EG in PM2.5-induced lung fibrosis have not been reported yet. In the present study, we investigated whether EG could relieve PM2.5-induced lung injury and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. To mimic PM2.5-induced lung fibrosis, C57/BL6 mice were intranasally instilled with PM2.5 suspension, and MLE-12 lung epithelial cells were stimulated with PM2.5 (100 μg/mL) in vitro. The results showed that intragastric administration of EG (20 mg/kg/d or 80 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks) significantly prevented lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced mice, apart from inhibiting collagen deposition. Additionally, EG treatment also suppressed the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in lung tissues challenged with PM2.5. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that EG treatment could enhance cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner in PM2.5-treated MLE-12 lung epithelial cells. Also, the overexpression of constitutively active AKT could offset the inhibitory effects of EG on EMT and oxidative stress in PM2.5-treated MLE-12 lung epithelial cells. Finally, AKT overexpression also blocked the inhibitory effect of EG on the phosphorylation of mTOR in PM2.5-treated MLE-12 lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, EG could improve PM2.5-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing oxidative damage and EMT through AKT/mTOR pathway, which might be a potential candidate for the treatment of PM2.5-induced lung fibrosis.
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20
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Yarmohammadi A, Narimani F, Wallace CE, Bishayee A. Modulation of TLR/NF-κB/NLRP Signaling by Bioactive Phytocompounds: A Promising Strategy to Augment Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834072. [PMID: 35299751 PMCID: PMC8921560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors often progress to a more aggressive phenotype to resist drugs. Multiple dysregulated pathways are behind this tumor behavior which is known as cancer chemoresistance. Thus, there is an emerging need to discover pivotal signaling pathways involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and cancer immunotherapy. Reports indicate the critical role of the toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) pathway in cancer initiation, progression, and development. Therefore, targeting TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling is a promising strategy to augment cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy and to combat chemoresistance. Considering the potential of phytochemicals in the regulation of multiple dysregulated pathways during cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, such compounds could be suitable candidates against cancer chemoresistance. Objectives This is the first comprehensive and systematic review regarding the role of phytochemicals in the mitigation of chemoresistance by regulating the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Methods A comprehensive and systematic review was designed based on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to include papers on TLR/NF-κB/NLRP and chemotherapy/immunotherapy/chemoresistance by phytochemicals. Results Phytochemicals are promising multi-targeting candidates against the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway and interconnected mediators. Employing phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sulfur compounds could be a promising strategy for managing cancer chemoresistance through the modulation of the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway. Novel delivery systems of phytochemicals in cancer chemotherapy/immunotherapy are also highlighted. Conclusion Targeting TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling with bioactive phytocompounds reverses chemoresistance and improves the outcome for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in both preclinical and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akram Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Narimani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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21
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Carboxyl-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Cisplatin Promote the Inhibition of PI3K/Akt Pathway and Suppress the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020469. [PMID: 35214200 PMCID: PMC8878903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. With considerable roles in tumor growth and proliferation, this pathway is studied as one of the main targets in controlling the therapies’ efficiency. Nowadays, the development of nanoparticle–drug conjugates attracts a great deal of attention due to the advantages they provide in cancer treatment. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to design a nanoconjugate based on single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxyl groups (SWCNT-COOH) and cisplatin (CDDP) and to explore the potential of inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to various doses (0.01–2 µg/mL SWCNT-COOH and 0.00632–1.26 µg/mL CDDP) of SWCNT-COOH-CDDP and free components for 24 and 48 h. In vitro biological tests revealed that SWCNT-COOH-CDDP had a high cytotoxic effect, as shown by a time-dependent decrease in cell viability and the presence of a significant number of dead cells in MDA-MB-231 cultures at higher doses. Moreover, the nanoconjugates induced the downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling, as revealed by the decreased expression of PI3K and p-Akt in parallel with PTEN activation, the promotion of Akt protein degradation, and inhibition of tumor cell migration.
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22
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Alam M, Ali S, Ashraf GM, Bilgrami AL, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem 2022; 379:132135. [PMID: 35063850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) possesses various biological functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. EGCG is an abundant polyphenolic component originating from green tea extract that has exhibited versatile bioactivities in combating several cancers. This review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in cancer and other metabolic diseases. It modulates numerous signaling pathways, regulating cells' undesired survival and proliferation, thus imparting strong tumor chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. EGCG initiates cell death through the intrinsic pathway and causes inhibition of EGFR, STAT3, and ERK pathways in several cancers. EGCG alters and inhibits ERK1/2, NF-κB, and Akt-mediated signaling, altering the Bcl-2 family proteins ratio and activating caspases in tumor cells. This review focuses on anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptotic effects of EGCG. We further highlighted the potential of EGCG in different types of cancer, emphasizing clinical trials formulations that further improve our understanding of the therapeutic management of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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23
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Rodriguez Lanzi C, Wei R, Luo D, Mackenzie GG. Phospho-Aspirin (MDC-22) inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in patient-derived tumor xenografts and KPC mice by targeting EGFR: Enhanced efficacy in combination with irinotecan. Neoplasia 2021; 24:133-144. [PMID: 34968866 PMCID: PMC8717147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed in the fight against pancreatic cancer. We have previously documented the chemopreventive effect of MDC-22 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. In the present work, we examined the therapeutic effects of MDC-22 in patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) and in LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+, Pdx1-Cre (KPC) genetically engineered mice, two complementary and clinically relevant animal models of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we evaluated whether MDC-22 could synergize with current chemotherapeutic drugs used in the clinic. MDC-22 reduced the growth of various human pancreatic cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, MDC-22 strongly reduced patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenograft growth by 50%, and extended survival of LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice by over a month (5.3 months versus 7.0 months). In both models, MDC-22 inhibited EGFR activation and its downstream signals, including ERK and FAK phosphorylation. In human pancreatic cancer cell lines, MDC-22 enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of irinotecan, and to a lesser degree those of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Normal human pancreatic epithelial cells were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of, both, MDC-22 alone or in combination with irinotecan, indicating selectivity. Furthermore, MDC-22 enhanced irinotecan's effect on cell migration, in part, by inhibiting EGFR/FAK signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that MDC-22 is an effective anticancer drug in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, and suggest that MDC-22 plus irinotecan as drug combination strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment, which warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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24
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Jin Y, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Zeng Z, Song H, Huang X, Kong Q, Hu H, Xia Y. Positive Reciprocal Feedback of lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 and HIF-1α Contributes to Hypoxia-Promoted Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:761979. [PMID: 34881179 PMCID: PMC8645903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported the roles of the extracellular hypoxia microenvironment in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that induce cancer oncogenicity and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) under hypoxia conditions remain unclear. Methods In PC cells, the expression levels of lncRNAs in different conditions (normoxia or hypoxia) were compared through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The effects of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1-AS1) antisense lncRNA on PC cells cultured in normoxia/hypoxia medium were measured through gain and loss-of-function experiments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and luciferase reporter assays in addition to in vivo studies were utilized to explore the adaptive mechanisms of ZEB1-AS1 in the hypoxia-promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of PC cells. Moreover, the level of ZEB1-AS1 and its associated targets or pathways were investigated in both PC and pancreatic normal tissues. Results RNA-seq revealed that ZEB1-AS1 was significantly upregulated in PC cells under hypoxia conditions. The ZEB1-AS1 expression level was closely associated with poor prognosis of PC patients. Knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells in vitro as well as PC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In PC cells, RNAi-mediated reduction of ZEB1-AS1 inhibited zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), while ZEB1-AS1 overexpression rescued ZEB1 expression, indicating that ZEB1-AS1 promotes ZEB1 expression. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)induced the expression of ZEB1-AS1 by binding to the ZEB1-AS1 promoter, which contains a putative hypoxia response element (HRE). Mechanistically, ZEB1-AS1 scaffolded the interaction among HIF-1α, ZEB1, and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), leading to deacetylation-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α. We further revealed that ZEB1 induced the deacetylase capacity of HDAC1 to suppress the acetylation or degradation of HIF-1α, improving HIF-1α assembly. Thus, hypoxia-induced ZEB1-AS1 facilitated ZEB1 transcription and the stability of HIF-1α, which promoted the metastasis of PC cells. Clinically, dysregulated ZEB1 and HIF-1α expression was significantly correlated with histological grade, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis in PC patients. Conclusions Our results emphasized that the positive reciprocal loop of HIF-1α/ZEB1-AS1/ZEB1/HDAC1 contributes to hypoxia-promoted oncogenicity and PC metastasis, indicating that it might be a novel therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengming Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yabin Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Gupta S, Kumar A, Tejavath KK. A pharmacognostic approach for mitigating pancreatic cancer: emphasis on herbal extracts and phytoconstituents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is studied as one of the most lethal cancers with currently no control of its lethality, mainly due to its late diagnosis and lack of foolproof treatment processes. Despite continuous efforts being made in looking for therapies to deal with cancer, it keeps on being a labyrinth for the researchers. Efforts like discovering new treatment options, repurposing existing drugs, are continuously made to deal with this cancer.
Main body
With the urge to get answers and the fact that nature has all roots of therapeutics, efforts are made in the direction of finding those answers for providing ministrations for pancreatic cancer from plant products. Plant products are used as treatment options either directly in the form of extracts or an alternative to them is individual phytochemicals that are either isolated from the plants or are commercially synthesized for various purposes. In this review, we put forward such pharmacognostic initiatives made in combating pancreatic cancer, focusing mainly on plant extracts and various phytochemicals; along with the mechanisms which they triggered to fulfill the need for cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro and in vivo).
Conclusion
This study will thus provide insights into new combination therapy that can be used and also give a clue on which plant product and phytoconstituent can be used in dealing with pancreatic cancer.
Graphical abstract
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26
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Cháirez-Ramírez MH, de la Cruz-López KG, García-Carrancá A. Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710304. [PMID: 34744708 PMCID: PMC8565650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling pathways impacting cancer. We describe the protein modifications induced by these polyphenols and their effect on the central elements of several signaling pathways including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, RAS, and MAPK and particularly those affecting the tumor suppressor p53 protein. Modifications of p53 induced by these polyphenols regulate p53 gene expression and protein levels and posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination that influence stability, subcellular location, activation of new transcriptional targets, and the role of p53 in response to DNA damage, apoptosis control, cell- cycle regulation, senescence, and cell fate. Thus, deep understanding of the effects that polyphenols have on these key players in cancer-driving signaling pathways will certainly lead to better designed targeted therapies, with less toxicity for cancer treatment. The scope of this review centers on the regulation of key elements of cancer signaling pathways by the most studied polyphenols and highlights the importance of a profound understanding of these regulations in order to improve cancer treatment and control with natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Humberto Cháirez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pan T, Han D, Xu Y, Peng W, Bai L, Zhou X, He H. LC-MS Based Metabolomics Study of the Effects of EGCG on A549 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732716. [PMID: 34650434 PMCID: PMC8505700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive catechin in green tea. The antitumor activity of EGCG has been confirmed in various types of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the precise underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the metabolite changes in A549 cells induced by EGCG in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. The result revealed 33 differentially expressed metabolites between untreated and 80 μM EGCG-treated A549 cells. The altered metabolites were involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acid, nucleotide, glutathione, and vitamin. Two markedly altered pathways, including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, were identified by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 metabolic pathway analysis. These results may provide potential clues for the intramolecular mechanisms of EGCG’s effect on A549 cells. Our study may contribute to future molecular mechanistic studies of EGCG and the therapeutic application of EGCG in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenpan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Bai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailang He
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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28
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Flavonoids against non-physiologic inflammation attributed to cancer initiation, development, and progression—3PM pathways. EPMA J 2021; 12:559-587. [PMID: 34950252 PMCID: PMC8648878 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInflammation is an essential pillar of the immune defense. On the other hand, chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. Chronic inflammation demonstrates a potential to induce complex changes at molecular, cellular, and organ levels including but not restricted to the stagnation and impairment of healing processes, uncontrolled production of aggressive ROS/RNS, triggered DNA mutations and damage, compromised efficacy of the DNA repair machinery, significantly upregulated cytokine/chemokine release and associated patho-physiologic protein synthesis, activated signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, abnormal tissue remodeling, and created pre-metastatic niches, among others. The anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids demonstrate clinically relevant potential as preventive and therapeutic agents to improve individual outcomes in diseases linked to the low-grade systemic and chronic inflammation, including cancers. To this end, flavonoids are potent modulators of pro-inflammatory gene expression being, therefore, of great interest as agents selectively suppressing molecular targets within pro-inflammatory pathways. This paper provides in-depth analysis of anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids, highlights corresponding mechanisms and targeted molecular pathways, and proposes potential treatment models for multi-level cancer prevention in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). To this end, individualized profiling and patient stratification are essential for implementing targeted anti-inflammatory approaches. Most prominent examples are presented for the proposed application of flavonoid-conducted anti-inflammatory treatments in overall cancer management.
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29
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Samynathan R, Thiruvengadam M, Nile SH, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Mishra RK, Venkidasamy B, Periyasamy S, Chung IM, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Recent insights on tea metabolites, their biosynthesis and chemo-preventing effects: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34606382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tea manufactured from the cultivated shoots of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is the most commonly consumed nonalcoholic drink around the world. Tea is an agro-based, environmentally sustainable, labor-intensive, job-generating, and export-oriented industry in many countries. Tea includes phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins, enzymes, crude fibers, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, among other biochemical constituents. This review described the nature of tea metabolites, their biosynthesis and accumulation with response to various factors. The therapeutic application of various metabolites of tea against microbial diseases, cancer, neurological, and other metabolic disorders was also discussed in detail. The seasonal variation, cultivation practices and genetic variability influence tea metabolite synthesis. Tea biochemical constituents, especially polyphenols and its integral part catechin metabolites, are broadly focused on potential applicability for their action against various diseases. In addition to this, tea also contains bioactive flavonoids that possess health-beneficial effects. The catechin fractions, epigallocatechin 3-gallate and epicatechin 3-gallate, are the main components of tea that has strong antioxidant and medicinal properties. The synergistic function of natural tea metabolites with synthetic drugs provides effective protection against various diseases. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnologies enhanced bioavailability, enhancing the therapeutic potential of natural metabolites against numerous diseases and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.,V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Raghvendra Kumar Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshkumar Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University Campus (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain.,Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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30
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Patil K, Khan FB, Akhtar S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. The plasticity of pancreatic cancer stem cells: implications in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:691-720. [PMID: 34453639 PMCID: PMC8556195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing perception of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a plastic state rather than a hardwired defined entity has evolved our understanding of the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Pancreatic cancer (PC), based on its biological features and clinical evolution, is a prototypical example of a CSC-driven disease. Since the discovery of pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs) in 2007, evidence has unraveled their control over many facets of the natural history of PC, including primary tumor growth, metastatic progression, disease recurrence, and acquired drug resistance. Consequently, the current near-ubiquitous treatment regimens for PC using aggressive cytotoxic agents, aimed at ‘‘tumor debulking’’ rather than eradication of CSCs, have proven ineffective in providing clinically convincing improvements in patients with this dreadful disease. Herein, we review the key hallmarks as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms of CSCs that mediate treatment failure in PC and enlist the potential CSC-targeting ‘natural agents’ that are gaining popularity in recent years. A better understanding of the molecular and functional landscape of PCSC-intrinsic evasion of chemotherapeutic drugs offers a facile opportunity for treating PC, an intractable cancer with a grim prognosis and in dire need of effective therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farheen B Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar. .,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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31
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Shah D, Gandhi M, Kumar A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Nair S. Current insights into epigenetics, noncoding RNA interactome and clinical pharmacokinetics of dietary polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1755-1791. [PMID: 34433338 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the health-beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, to prevent various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, like (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, curcumin from turmeric, and ellagic acid from pomegranate are known to act by modulating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in the tumor milieu. The evolving literature underscores the role of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cancer by these polyphenols, primarily via non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, there is little clarity on the exact role(s) played by these ncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, or with their protein targets, in response to modulation by these dietary polyphenols. Here, we review ncRNA interactions and functional networks of the complex ncRNA interactome with their targets in preclinical studies along with the role of epigenetics as well as key aspects of pharmacokinetics and phytochemistry of dietary polyphenols. We also summarize the current state of clinical trials with these dietary polyphenols. Taken together, this synthetic review provides insights into the molecular aspects underlying the anticancer chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols as well as summarizes data on novel biomarkers modulated by these polyphenols for preventive or therapeutic purposes in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur Delhi, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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32
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Xu A, Lee J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xu P. Potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:548-562. [PMID: 34269008 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recognized as a potential anti-tumor agent in recent years. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as the dominant catechin in green tea, is another promising adjuvant agent for tumor prevention. In the present work, the potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in a mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) was investigated. Results indicated that EGCG and metformin exhibited a synergistic effect on cell viability, migration, and proliferation, as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB (STAT3/NF-κB) pathway signaling and the production of inflammation cytokines. Meanwhile, the combination showed an antagonistic effect on cell apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. The combination of EGCG and metformin also differentially affected the nucleus (synergism) and cytoplasm (antagonism) of B16F10 cells. Our findings provide new insight into the potential effects of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An'an Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueling Zhao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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33
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Djamgoz MBA, Jentzsch V. Integrative Management of Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Emerging Complementary Agents and Modalities. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1139-1162. [PMID: 34085871 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1934043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. The standard first-line treatment for PDAC is gemcitabine chemotherapy which, unfortunately, offers only limited chance of a lasting cure. This review further evaluates the hypothesis that the effectiveness of gemcitabine can be improved by combining it with evidence-based complementary measures. Previously, supported by clinical trial data, we suggested that a number of dietary factors and nutraceuticals can be integrated with gemcitabine therapy. Here, we evaluate a further 10 agents for which no clinical trials have (yet) been carried out but there are promising data from in vivo and/or in vitro studies including experiments involving combined treatments with gemcitabine. Two groups of complementary agents are considered: Dietary factors (resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, vitamin B9, capsaicin, quercetin and sulforaphane) and nutraceutical agents (artemisinin, garcinol, thymoquinone and emodin). In addition, we identified seven promising agents for which there is currently only basic (mostly in vitro) data. Finally, as a special case of combination therapy, we highlighted synergistic drug combinations involving gemcitabine with "repurposed" aspirin or metformin. We conclude overall that integrated management of PDAC currently is likely to produce the best outcome for patients and for this a wide range of complementary measures is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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34
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Ma L, Huang Q. Advances in Nanodelivery of Green Tea Catechins to Enhance the Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:3301. [PMID: 34072700 PMCID: PMC8198522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. A variety of phenolic compounds display preventative and therapeutic effects against cancers. Green teas are rich in phenolics. Catechins are the most dominant phenolic component in green teas. Studies have shown that catechins have anticancer activity in various cancer models. The anticancer activity of catechins, however, may be compromised due to their low oral bioavailability. Nanodelivery emerges as a promising way to improve the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of catechins. Research in this area has been actively conducted in recent decades. This review provides the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of catechins, the factors that limit the oral bioavailability of catechins, and the latest advances of delivering catechins using nanodelivery systems through different routes to enhance their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Jiang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
| | - Ziyi Jiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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35
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Singh CK, Chhabra G, Patel A, Chang H, Ahmad N. Dietary Phytochemicals in Zinc Homeostasis: A Strategy for Prostate Cancer Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061867. [PMID: 34070833 PMCID: PMC8226978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested an important role of the trace element zinc (Zn) in prostate biology and functions. Zn has been shown to exist in very high concentrations in the healthy prostate and is important for several prostatic functions. In prostate cancer (PCa), Zn levels are significantly decreased and inversely correlated with disease progression. Ideally, restoration of adequate Zn levels in premalignant/malignant prostate cells could abort prostate malignancy. However, studies have shown that Zn supplementation is not an efficient way to significantly increase Zn concentrations in PCa. Based on a limited number of investigations, the reason for the lower levels of Zn in PCa is believed to be the dysregulation of Zn transporters (especially ZIP and ZnT family of proteins), metallothioneins (for storing and releasing Zn), and their regulators (e.g., Zn finger transcription factor RREB1). Interestingly, the level of Zn in cells has been shown to be modulated by naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals. In this review, we discussed the effect of selected phytochemicals (quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin) on Zn functioning and proposes that Zn in combination with specific dietary phytochemicals may lead to enhanced Zn bioaccumulation in the prostate, and therefore, may inhibit PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Arth Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (A.P.); (H.C.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(608)-263-5359
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Cai J, Cui Y, Yang J, Wang S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: When tumor cells meet myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188564. [PMID: 33974950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population characterized by protumoral functions in the tumor immune network. An increasing number of studies have focused on the biological functions of MDSCs in tumor immunity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular plasticity process accompanied by a loss of epithelial phenotypes and an acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes. In general, tumor cells that undergo EMT are more likely to invade and metastasize. Recently, extensive evidence suggests that EMT is closely related to a highly immunosuppressive environment. This review will summarize the immunosuppressive capacities of MDSC subsets and their distinct role in tumor EMT and further discuss immunotherapy for tumor EMT by targeting MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yudan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Precilla DS, Kuduvalli SS, Purushothaman M, Marimuthu P, Ramachandran MA, Anitha TS. Wnt/β-catenin Antagonists: Exploring New Avenues to Trigger Old Drugs in Alleviating Glioblastoma Multiforme. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:338-360. [PMID: 33881978 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210420115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most heterogenous primary brain tumor with high mortality. Nevertheless, of the current therapeutic approaches, survival rate remains poor with 12 to 15 months following preliminary diagnosis, this warrants the need for effective treatment modality. Wnt/β-catenin pathway is presumably the most noteworthy pathway up-regulated in almost 80% GBM cases contributing to tumor-initiation, progression and survival. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting key components of Wnt/β-catenin cascade using established genotoxic agents like temozolomide and pharmacological inhibitors would be an effective approach to modulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Recently, drug repurposing by means of effective combination therapy has gained importance in various solid tumors including GBM, by targeting two or more proteins in a single pathway, thereby possessing the ability to overcome the hurdle implicated by chemo-resistance in GBM. OBJECTIVE In this context, by employing computational tools, an attempt has been carried out to speculate the novel combinations against Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS We have explored the binding interactions of three conventional drugs namely temozolomide, metformin, chloroquine along with three natural compounds viz., epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin and phloroglucinol on the major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RESULTS It was noted that all the experimental compounds possessed profound interaction with the two major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to characterize the combined interactions of the afore-mentioned drugs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in silico and this will putatively open up new avenues for combination therapies in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy S Precilla
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyas S Kuduvalli
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory - Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku. Finland
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Hossan MS, Break MKB, Bradshaw TD, Collins HM, Wiart C, Khoo TJ, Alafnan A. Novel Semi-Synthetic Cu (II)-Cardamonin Complex Exerts Potent Anticancer Activity against Triple-Negative Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Inhibition of the Akt Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082166. [PMID: 33918814 PMCID: PMC8069646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardamonin is a polyphenolic natural product that has been shown to possess cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. We previously reported the semi-synthesis of a novel Cu (II)–cardamonin complex (19) that demonstrated potent antitumour activity. In this study, we further investigated the bioactivity of 19 against MDA-MB-468 and PANC-1 cancer cells in an attempt to discover an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Results revealed that 19 abolished the formation of MDA-MB-468 and PANC-1 colonies, exerted growth-inhibitory activity, and inhibited cancer cell migration. Further mechanistic studies showed that 19 induced DNA damage resulting in gap 2 (G2)/mitosis (M) phase arrest and microtubule network disruption. Moreover, 19 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to induction of apoptosis, corroborated by activation of caspase-3/7, PARP cleavage, and downregulation of Mcl-1. Complex 19 also decreased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-4EBP1, which indicates that the compound exerts its activity, at least in part, via inhibition of Akt signalling. Furthermore, 19 decreased the expression of c-Myc in PANC-1 cells only, which suggests that it may exert its bioactivity via multiple mechanisms of action. These results demonstrate the potential of 19 as a therapeutic agent for TNBC and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Hilary M. Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (C.W.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (C.W.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia;
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Wang W, Xu Z, Wang N, Yao R, Qin T, Lin H, Yue L. Prognostic value of eight immune gene signatures in pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33546693 PMCID: PMC7863419 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, and it has a poor prognosis. Traditional methods are not effective to accurately assess the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy is a new promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, some patients do not respond well to immunotherapy, which may be related to tumor microenvironment regulation. In this study, we use gene expression database to mine important immune genes and establish a prognostic prediction model for pancreatic cancer patients. We hope to provide a feasible method to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS We used univariate COX proportional hazard regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate COX regression analysis to screen 8 genes related to prognosis from the 314 immune-related genes, and used them to construct a new clinical prediction model in the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic value of the model. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative curve showed that patients with low risk scores survived significantly longer than patients with high risk scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value) of the risk score was 0.755. The univariate COX analysis showed that the risk score was significantly related to overall survival (HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.237-1.598, P < 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.400, 95% CI 1.287-1.522, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis found that immune genes are closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the TCGA-PAAD cohort, we identified immune-related markers with independent prognostic significance, validated, and analyzed their biological functions, to provide a feasible method for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide potentially valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yue
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Endometrial, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111481. [PMID: 33113766 PMCID: PMC7694163 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its major bioactive component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess diverse biological properties, particularly antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and apoptosis induction. Many studies have widely investigated the anticancer and synergistic effects of EGCG due to the side effects of conventional cytotoxic agents. This review summarizes recent knowledge of underlying mechanisms of EGCG on protective roles for endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancers based on both in vitro and in vivo animal studies. EGCG has the ability to regulate many pathways, including the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and protection against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EGCG has also been found to interact with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which affect epigenetic modifications. Finally, the action of EGCG may exert a suppressive effect on gynecological cancers and have beneficial effects on auxiliary therapies for known drugs. Thus, future clinical intervention studies with EGCG will be necessary to more and clear evidence for the benefit to these cancers.
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Wei R, Wirkus J, Yang Z, Machuca J, Esparza Y, Mackenzie GG. EGCG sensitizes chemotherapeutic-induced cytotoxicity by targeting the ERK pathway in multiple cancer cell lines. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108546. [PMID: 32818507 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol component of green tea, presents anticancer efficacy. However, its exact mechanism of action is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effect of EGCG alone or in combination with current chemotherapeutics [gemcitabine, 5-flourouracil (5-FU), and doxorubicin] on pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer cell growth, as well as the mechanisms involved in the combined action. EGCG reduced pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer cell growth in a concentration and time-dependent manner. EGCG strongly induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression. Moreover, EGCG enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of 5-FU and doxorubicin. Of note, EGCG enhanced 5-FU's and doxorubicin's effect on apoptosis, but not on cell cycle. Mechanistically, EGCG reduced ERK phosphorylation concentration-dependently, and sensitized gemcitabine, 5-FU, and doxorubicin to further suppress ERK phosphorylation in multiple cancer cell lines. In conclusion, EGCG presents a strong anticancer effect in pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer cells and is a robust combination partner for multiple chemotherapeutics as evidenced by reducing cancer cell growth, in part, by inhibiting the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Laboratory of Tea and Human Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joanna Wirkus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jazmin Machuca
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yasmin Esparza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; University of California, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143146. [PMID: 32660101 PMCID: PMC7397003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound of green tea and its role in diseases cure and prevention has been proven. Its role in diseases management can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-cancer role of this green tea compound has been confirmed in various types of cancer and is still being under explored. EGCG has been proven to possess a chemopreventive effect through inhibition of carcinogenesis process such as initiation, promotion, and progression. In addition, this catechin has proven its role in cancer management through modulating various cell signaling pathways such as regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and killing of various types of cancer cells. The additive or synergistic effect of epigallocatechin with chemopreventive agents has been verified as it reduces the toxicities and enhances the anti-cancerous effects. Despite its effectiveness and safety, the implications of EGCG in cancer prevention is certainly still discussed due to a poor bioavailability. Several studies have shown the ability to overcome poor bioavailability through nanotechnology-based strategies such as encapsulation, liposome, micelles, nanoparticles and various other formulation. In this review, we encapsulate therapeutic implication of EGCG in cancer management and the mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on human clinical trials.
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Flavonoids in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061498. [PMID: 32521759 PMCID: PMC7352928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents a serious complication in the treatment of cancer. Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites exerting various health beneficiary effects. The effects of flavonoids against cancer are associated not only with early stages of the cancer process, but also with cancer progression and spread into distant sites. Flavonoids showed potent anti-cancer effects against various cancer models in vitro and in vivo, mediated via regulation of key signaling pathways involved in the migration and invasion of cancer cells and metastatic progression, including key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or regulatory molecules such as MMPs, uPA/uPAR, TGF-β and other contributors of the complex process of metastatic spread. Moreover, flavonoids modulated also the expression of genes associated with the progression of cancer and improved inflammatory status, a part of the complex process involved in the development of metastasis. Flavonoids also documented clear potential to improve the anti-cancer effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Most importantly, flavonoids represent environmentally-friendly and cost-effective substances; moreover, a wide spectrum of different flavonoids demonstrated safety and minimal side effects during long-termed administration. In addition, the bioavailability of flavonoids can be improved by their conjugation with metal ions or structural modifications by radiation. In conclusion, anti-cancer effects of flavonoids, targeting all phases of carcinogenesis including metastatic progression, should be implemented into clinical cancer research in order to strengthen their potential use in the future targeted prevention and therapy of cancer in high-risk individuals or patients with aggressive cancer disease with metastatic potential.
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Tania M, Srivastava S, Ritzer EE, Pandey A, Aggarwal D, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Sak K, Varol M, Bishayee A. Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:256-275. [PMID: 32461153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG, abundantly found in tea, is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has the potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG interacts with various recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, scientific evidence has illustrated the promising role of EGCG in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. It has also been found that EGCG may reverse drug resistance of cancer cells and could be a promising candidate for synergism studies. The prospective importance of EGCG in cancer treatment is owed to its natural origin, safety, and low cost which presents it as an attractive target for further development of novel cancer therapeutics. A major challenge with EGCG is its low bioavailability which is being targeted for improvement by encapsulating EGCG in nano-sized vehicles for further delivery. However, there are major limitations of the studies on EGCG, including study design, experimental bias, and inconsistent results and reproducibility among different study cohorts. Additionally, it is important to identify specific EGCG pharmacological targets in the tumor-specific signaling pathways for development of novel combined therapeutic treatments with EGCG. The present review highlights the ongoing development to identify cellular and molecular targets of EGCG in cancer. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology-mediated EGCG combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Erin E Ritzer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Mumbai 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA.
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Ciesielski O, Biesiekierska M, Balcerczyk A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Alters Histone Acetylation and Methylation and Impacts Chromatin Architecture Profile in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102326. [PMID: 32429384 PMCID: PMC7287656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main green tea polyphenol, exerts a wide variety of biological actions. Epigenetically, the catechin has been classified as a DNMTs inhibitor, however, its impact on histone modifications and chromatin structure is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find the impact of EGCG on the histone posttranslational modifications machinery and chromatin remodeling in human endothelial cells of both microvascular (HMEC-1) and vein (HUVECs) origin. We analyzed the methylation and acetylation status of histones (Western blotting), as well as assessed the activity (fluorometric assay kit) and gene expression (qPCR) of the enzymes playing a prominent role in shaping the human epigenome. The performed analyses showed that EGCG increases histone acetylation (H3K9/14ac, H3ac), and methylation of both active (H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K9me3) chromatin marks. We also found that the catechin acts as an HDAC inhibitor in cellular and cell-free models. Additionally, we observed that EGCG affects chromatin architecture by reducing the expression of heterochromatin binding proteins: HP1α, HP1γ. Our results indicate that EGCG promotes chromatin relaxation in human endothelial cells and presents a broad epigenetic potential affecting expression and activity of epigenome modulators including HDAC5 and 7, p300, CREBP, LSD1 or KMT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ciesielski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Biesiekierska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-45-10
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Mitra T, Bhattacharya R. Phytochemicals modulate cancer aggressiveness: A review depicting the anticancer efficacy of dietary polyphenols and their combinations. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7696-7708. [PMID: 32324275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is referred to as the "Emperor of all maladies" accounting for the second-highest mortality rates worldwide. Major factors associated with cancer lethality are uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and frequent recurrence. The conventional therapeutic drugs used in cancer therapy have been associated with numerous damaging side-effects that call for the use of alternative therapeutic options. The natural plant compounds (NPCs) have been found to be effective against diverse groups of diseases including cancer. Among the different types, the polyphenolic phytochemicals like curcumin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Resveratrol, and nimbolide which are predominant parts of daily dietary intake have proved their potency in reducing the aggressive properties of cancer. Here, we have highlighted the mechanisms through which these NPCs influence growth, metastatic potential, and the drug-resistant behavior of different cancer types. Moreover, we have also emphasized on their function as modulators of the immune system as well as the metabolic properties of the tumor. The role of these phytochemicals in reducing cancer progression has been highlighted when administered unaided or in combination with similar group of compounds. Moreover, their ability to enhance the drug-sensitivity of cancer cells which accounts for their use in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has also been discussed in this article. Therefore, co-administration of these phytochemicals with chemically similar group members or with conventional chemotherapeutics may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Mitra
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Farooqi AA, Pinheiro M, Granja A, Farabegoli F, Reis S, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Xu B, Ahmad A. EGCG Mediated Targeting of Deregulated Signaling Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs in Different Cancers: Focus on JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF/SMAD, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, and TRAIL Mediated Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040951. [PMID: 32290543 PMCID: PMC7226503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have enabled us to develop a better and sharper understanding of multifaceted nature of cancer. Next-generation sequencing technologies have leveraged our existing knowledge related to intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity to the next level. Functional genomics have opened new horizons to explore deregulated signaling pathways in different cancers. Therapeutic targeting of deregulated oncogenic signaling cascades by products obtained from natural sources has shown promising results. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has emerged as a distinguished chemopreventive product because of its ability to regulate a myriad of oncogenic signaling pathways. Based on its scientifically approved anticancer activity and encouraging results obtained from preclinical trials, it is also being tested in various phases of clinical trials. A series of clinical trials associated with green tea extracts and EGCG are providing clues about significant potential of EGCG to mechanistically modulate wide ranging signal transduction cascades. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed regulation of JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF/SMAD, SHH/GLI, NOTCH pathways by EGCG. We also discussed most recent evidence related to the ability of EGCG to modulate non-coding RNAs in different cancers. Methylation of the genome is also a widely studied mechanism and EGCG has been shown to modulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and protein enhancer of zeste-2 (EZH2) in multiple cancers. Moreover, the use of nanoformulations to increase the bioavailability and thus efficacy of EGCG will be also addressed. Better understanding of the pleiotropic abilities of EGCG to modulate intracellular pathways along with the development of effective EGCG delivery vehicles will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Fulvia Farabegoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir/İstanbul 34755, Turkey;
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
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Lan N, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Pu S, Xi H, Nie X, Liu J, Yuan W. FTO - A Common Genetic Basis for Obesity and Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:559138. [PMID: 33304380 PMCID: PMC7701174 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.559138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and cancer have been rising. Since this poses a serious threat to human health, the relationship between the two has attracted much attention. This study examined whether fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genes are linked, taking into account a Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) that revealed multiple single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) of the FTO gene, indicating an association between obesity and cancer in different populations. FTO proteins have been proved to participate in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis with post-transcriptional regulation of downstream molecular expression or through the target of the mammalian target protein rapamycin (mTOR). FTO inhibitors have also been found to share anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vivo. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the correlation between obesity and cancer by measuring FTO gene polymorphism, as well as the molecular mechanism involved in these diseases, emphasizing FTO as the common genetic basis of obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Pu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaze Xi
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhen Yuan,
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Targeting Glycolysis with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101496. [PMID: 31590367 PMCID: PMC6826788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a complex disease, in need of new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, alone and in combination with current chemotherapeutics on pancreatic cancer cell growth, focusing on glycolysis metabolism. Moreover, we investigated whether EGCG's effect is dependent on its ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS). EGCG reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner and the growth inhibition effect was further enhanced under glucose deprivation conditions. Mechanistically, EGCG induced ROS levels concentration-dependently. EGCG affected glycolysis by suppressing the extracellular acidification rate through the reduction of the activity and levels of the glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Cotreatment with catalase abrogated EGCG's effect on phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, EGCG sensitized gemcitabine to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. EGCG and gemcitabine, given alone, reduced pancreatic tumor xenograft growth by 40% and 52%, respectively, whereas the EGCG/gemcitabine combination reduced tumor growth by 67%. EGCG enhanced gemcitabine's effect on apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle and further suppressed phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase levels. In conclusion, EGCG is a strong combination partner of gemcitabine reducing pancreatic cancer cell growth by suppressing glycolysis.
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