1
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Qiu X, Wang F, Sha A. Infection and transmission of henipavirus in animals. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102183. [PMID: 38640700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Henipavirus (HNV) is well known for two zoonotic viruses in the genus, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which pose serious threat to human and animal health. In August 2022, a third zoonotic virus in the genus Henipavirus, Langya virus (LayV), was discovered in China. The emergence of HeV, NiV, and LayV highlights the persistent threat of HNV to human and animal health. In addition to the above three HNVs, new species within this genus are still being discovered. Although they have not yet caused a pandemic in humans or livestock, they still have the risk of spillover as a potential threat to the health of humans and animals. It's important to understand the infection and transmission of different HNV in animals for the prevention and control of current or future HNV epidemics. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the animal origin, animal infection and transmission of HNV that have been found worldwide, and further analyzes and summarizes the rules of infection and transmission, so as to provide a reference for relevant scientific researchers. Furthermore, it can provide a direction for epidemic prevention and control, and animal surveillance to reduce the risk of the global pandemic of HNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qiu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China.
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2
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Li X, Yang Y, López CB. Indiscriminate activities of different henipavirus polymerase complex proteins allow for efficient minigenome replication in hybrid systems. J Virol 2024:e0050324. [PMID: 38780245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00503-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The henipaviruses, including Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), are biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) zoonotic pathogens that cause severe neurological and respiratory disease in humans. To study the replication machinery of these viruses, we developed robust minigenome systems that can be safely used in BSL-2 conditions. The nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), and large protein (L) of henipaviruses are critical elements of their replication machinery and thus essential support components of the minigenome systems. Here, we tested the effects of diverse combinations of the replication support proteins on the replication capacity of the NiV and HeV minigenomes by exchanging the helper plasmids coding for these proteins among the two viruses. We demonstrate that all combinations including one or more heterologous proteins were capable of replicating both the NiV and HeV minigenomes. Sequence alignment showed identities of 92% for the N protein, 67% for P, and 87% for L. Notably, variations in amino acid residues were not concentrated in the N-P and P-L interacting regions implying that dissimilarities in amino acid composition among NiV and HeV polymerase complex proteins may not impact their interactions. The observed indiscriminate activity of NiV and HeV polymerase complex proteins is different from related viruses, which can support the replication of heterologous genomes only when the whole polymerase complex belongs to the same virus. This newly observed promiscuous property of the henipavirus polymerase complex proteins likely attributed to their conserved interaction regions could potentially be harnessed to develop universal anti-henipavirus antivirals.IMPORTANCEGiven the severity of disease induced by Hendra and Nipah viruses in humans and the continuous emergence of new henipaviruses as well as henipa-like viruses, it is necessary to conduct a more comprehensive investigation of the biology of henipaviruses and their interaction with the host. The replication of henipaviruses and the development of antiviral agents can be studied in systems that allow experiments to be performed under biosafety level 2 conditions. Here, we developed robust minigenome systems for the Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) that provide a convenient alternative for studying NiV and HeV replication. Using these systems, we demonstrate that any combination of the three polymerase complex proteins of NiV and HeV could effectively initiate the replication of both viral minigenomes, which suggests that the interaction regions of the polymerase complex proteins could be effective targets for universal and effective anti-henipavirus interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Wang C, Li M, Wang Y, Ding Q, Fan S, Lan J. Structural insights into the Langya virus attachment glycoprotein. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00180-1. [PMID: 38815575 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Langya virus (LayV) was recently detected in patients with acute pneumonic diseases in China. Genome alignment indicated that LayV is a type of zoonotic henipavirus (HNV) that might also infect domestic animals. Previous studies revealed that HNVs mainly use ephrin-B1, ephrin-B2, or ephrin-B3 as cell receptors and the attachment glycoprotein (G) is the host cell receptor-binding protein. However, the LayV receptor remains unknown. Here, we present the 2.77 Å crystal structure of the LayV G C-terminal domain (CTD). We show that the LayV G protein CTD possesses a similar architecture as the Mojiang virus (MojV) G protein but is markedly different from the Nipah virus (NiV), Hendra virus (HeV), and Cedar virus (CedV) G proteins. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments indicate that LayV G does not bind ephrin-B proteins. Steric hindrance may prevent interactions between LayV G and ephrin-B. Our data might facilitate drug development targeting LayV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Lan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Wang Z, McCallum M, Yan L, Gibson CA, Sharkey W, Park YJ, Dang HV, Amaya M, Person A, Broder CC, Veesler D. Structure and design of Langya virus glycoprotein antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314990121. [PMID: 38593070 PMCID: PMC11032465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314990121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Langya virus (LayV) is a recently discovered henipavirus (HNV), isolated from febrile patients in China. HNV entry into host cells is mediated by the attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins which are the main targets of neutralizing antibodies. We show here that the LayV F and G glycoproteins promote membrane fusion with human, mouse, and hamster target cells using a different, yet unknown, receptor than Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) and that NiV- and HeV-elicited monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies do not cross-react with LayV F and G. We determined cryoelectron microscopy structures of LayV F, in the prefusion and postfusion states, and of LayV G, revealing their conformational landscape and distinct antigenicity relative to NiV and HeV. We computationally designed stabilized LayV G constructs and demonstrate the generalizability of an HNV F prefusion-stabilization strategy. Our data will support the development of vaccines and therapeutics against LayV and closely related HNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Cecily A. Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - William Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- HHMI, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Ha V. Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Ashley Person
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- HHMI, Seattle, WA98195
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5
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Zeitlin L, Cross RW, Woolsey C, West BR, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Prasad AN, Deer DJ, Stuart L, McCavitt-Malvido M, Kim DH, Pettitt J, Crowe JE, Whaley KJ, Veesler D, Dimitrov A, Abelson DM, Geisbert TW, Broder CC. Therapeutic administration of a cross-reactive mAb targeting the fusion glycoprotein of Nipah virus protects nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadl2055. [PMID: 38569014 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
No licensed vaccines or therapies exist for patients infected with Nipah virus (NiV), although an experimental human monoclonal antibody (mAb) cross-reactive to the NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) G glycoprotein, m102.4, has been tested in a phase 1 trial and has been provided under compassionate use for both HeV and NiV exposures. NiV is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus causing regular outbreaks in humans and animals in South and Southeast Asia. The mortality rate of NiV infection in humans ranges from 40% to more than 90%, making it a substantial public health concern. The NiV G glycoprotein mediates host cell attachment, and the F glycoprotein facilitates membrane fusion and infection. We hypothesized that a mAb against the prefusion conformation of the F glycoprotein may confer better protection than m102.4. To test this, two potent neutralizing mAbs against NiV F protein, hu1F5 and hu12B2, were compared in a hamster model. Hu1F5 provided superior protection to hu12B2 and was selected for comparison with m102.4 for the ability to protect African green monkeys (AGMs) from a stringent NiV challenge. AGMs were exposed intranasally to the Bangladesh strain of NiV and treated 5 days after exposure with either mAb (25 milligrams per kilogram). Whereas only one of six AGMs treated with m102.4 survived until the study end point, all six AGMs treated with hu1F5 were protected. Furthermore, a reduced 10 milligrams per kilogram dose of hu1F5 also provided complete protection against NiV challenge, supporting the upcoming clinical advancement of this mAb for postexposure prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Abhishek N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antony Dimitrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Oguntuyo KY, Haas GD, Azarm KD, Stevens CS, Brambilla L, Kowdle SS, Avanzato VA, Pryce R, Freiberg AN, Bowden TA, Lee B. Structure-guided mutagenesis of Henipavirus receptor-binding proteins reveals molecular determinants of receptor usage and antibody-binding epitopes. J Virol 2024; 98:e0183823. [PMID: 38426726 PMCID: PMC10949843 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01838-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal, zoonotic Henipavirus (HNV) that causes respiratory and neurological signs and symptoms in humans. Similar to other paramyxoviruses, HNVs mediate entry into host cells through the concerted actions of two surface glycoproteins: a receptor-binding protein (RBP) that mediates attachment and a fusion glycoprotein (F) that triggers fusion in an RBP-dependent manner. NiV uses ephrin-B2 (EFNB2) and ephrin-B3 (EFNB3) as entry receptors. Ghana virus (GhV), a novel HNV identified in a Ghanaian bat, uses EFNB2 but not EFNB3. In this study, we employ a structure-informed approach to identify receptor-interfacing residues and systematically introduce GhV-RBP residues into a NiV-RBP backbone to uncover the molecular determinants of EFNB3 usage. We reveal two regions that severely impair EFNB3 binding by NiV-RBP and EFNB3-mediated entry by NiV pseudotyped viral particles. Further analyses uncovered two-point mutations (NiVN557SGhV and NiVY581TGhV) pivotal for this phenotype. Moreover, we identify NiV interaction with Y120 of EFNB3 as important for the usage of this receptor. Beyond these EFNB3-related findings, we reveal two domains that restrict GhV binding of EFNB2, confirm the HNV-head as an immunodominant target for polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and describe putative epitopes for GhV- and NiV-specific monoclonal antibodies. Cumulatively, the work presented here generates useful reagents and tools that shed insight to residues important for NiV usage of EFNB3, reveal regions critical for GhV binding of EFNB2, and describe putative HNV antibody-binding epitopes. IMPORTANCE Hendra virus and Nipah virus (NiV) are lethal, zoonotic Henipaviruses (HNVs) that cause respiratory and neurological clinical features in humans. Since their initial outbreaks in the 1990s, several novel HNVs have been discovered worldwide, including Ghana virus. Additionally, there is serological evidence of zoonotic transmission, lending way to concerns about future outbreaks. HNV infection of cells is mediated by the receptor-binding protein (RBP) and the Fusion protein (F). The work presented here identifies NiV RBP amino acids important for the usage of ephrin-B3 (EFNB3), a receptor highly expressed in neurons and predicted to be important for neurological clinical features caused by NiV. This study also characterizes epitopes recognized by antibodies against divergent HNV RBPs. Together, this sheds insight to amino acids critical for HNV receptor usage and antibody binding, which is valuable for future studies investigating determinants of viral pathogenesis and developing antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristopher D. Azarm
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian S. Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Brambilla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shreyas S. Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victoria A. Avanzato
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Pryce
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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7
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May AJ, Acharya P. Structural Studies of Henipavirus Glycoproteins. Viruses 2024; 16:195. [PMID: 38399971 PMCID: PMC10892422 DOI: 10.3390/v16020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Henipaviruses are a genus of emerging pathogens that includes the highly virulent Nipah and Hendra viruses that cause reoccurring outbreaks of disease. Henipaviruses rely on two surface glycoproteins, known as the attachment and fusion proteins, to facilitate entry into host cells. As new and divergent members of the genus have been discovered and structurally characterized, key differences and similarities have been noted. This review surveys the available structural information on Henipavirus glycoproteins, complementing this with information from related biophysical and structural studies of the broader Paramyxoviridae family of which Henipaviruses are members. The process of viral entry is a primary focus for vaccine and drug development, and this review aims to identify critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that drive Henipavirus fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Park K, Kim J, Noh J, Kim K, Yang E, Kim SG, Cho HK, Byun KS, Kim JH, Lee YS, Shim JO, Shin M, Kim WK, Song JW. First detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) from urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29401. [PMID: 38235603 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, poses a significant public health concern worldwide. Recently, rat HEV (Rocahepevirus ratti genotype C1; HEV-C1) has been reported to cause zoonotic infections and hepatitis in humans. Human infections with HEV-C1 are considered to be underestimated worldwide due to limited knowledge of transmission routes, genome epidemiology, and the risk assessment of zoonosis associated with these viruses. A total of 186 wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected from the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2011 and 2021. The prevalence of HEV-C1 RNA was 8 of 180 (4.4%) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We first reported three nearly whole-genome sequences of HEV-C1 newly acquired from urban rats in the ROK. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Korea-indigenous HEV-C1 formed an independent genetic group with those derived from R. norvegicus rats in other countries, indicating geographical and genetic diversity. Our findings provide critical insights into the molecular prevalence, genome epidemiology, and zoonotic potential of Rocahepevirus. This report raises awareness of the presence of Rocahepevirus-related hepatitis E among physicians in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eunyoung Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Caruso S, Edwards SJ. Recently Emerged Novel Henipa-like Viruses: Shining a Spotlight on the Shrew. Viruses 2023; 15:2407. [PMID: 38140648 PMCID: PMC10747904 DOI: 10.3390/v15122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Henipaviruses are zoonotic viruses, including some highly pathogenic and capable of serious disease and high fatality rates in both animals and humans. Hendra virus and Nipah virus are the most notable henipaviruses, resulting in significant outbreaks across South Asia, South-East Asia, and Australia. Pteropid fruit bats have been identified as key zoonotic reservoirs; however, the increased discovery of henipaviruses outside the geographic distribution of Pteropid fruit bats and the detection of novel henipa-like viruses in other species such as the shrew, rat, and opossum suggest that Pteropid bats are not the sole reservoir for henipaviruses. In this review, we provide an update on henipavirus spillover events and describe the recent detection of novel unclassified henipaviruses, with a strong focus on the shrew and its emerging role as a key host of henipaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J. Edwards
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, VIC 3219, Australia;
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10
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Zhai SL, Zhou X, Gou HC, Zhang KL, Li CL. Henipavirus naming and regional discrimination. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e969. [PMID: 37804851 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong-Chao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kun-Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chun-Ling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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11
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Kaza B, Aguilar HC. Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses. Virulence 2023; 14:2273684. [PMID: 37948320 PMCID: PMC10653661 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses, many of which are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals. Among the most notable are the henipaviruses, which include the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, the causative agents of outbreaks of severe disease and high case fatality rates in humans and animals. NiV and HeV are maintained in fruit bat reservoirs primarily in the family Pteropus and spillover into humans directly or by an intermediate amplifying host such as swine or horses. Recently, non-chiropteran associated Langya (LayV), Gamak (GAKV), and Mojiang (MojV) viruses have been discovered with confirmed or suspected ability to cause disease in humans or animals. These viruses are less genetically related to HeV and NiV yet share many features with their better-known counterparts. Recent advances in surveillance of wild animal reservoir viruses have revealed a high number of henipaviral genome sequences distributed across most continents, and mammalian orders previously unknown to harbour henipaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the range of pathogenesis observed for the henipaviruses as well as their replication cycle, epidemiology, genomics, and host responses. We focus on the most pathogenic viruses, including NiV, HeV, LayV, and GAKV, as well as the experimentally non-pathogenic CedV. We also highlight the emerging threats posed by these and potentially other closely related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kaza
- Department of Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University
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12
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Oguntuyo KY, Haas GD, Azarm KD, Stevens CS, Brambilla L, Kowdle S, Avanzato VA, Pryce R, Freiberg AN, Bowden TA, Lee B. Structure guided mutagenesis of Henipavirus Receptor Binding Proteins reveals molecular determinants of receptor usage and antibody binding epitopes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568281. [PMID: 38045373 PMCID: PMC10690272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal, zoonotic henipavirus (HNV) that causes respiratory and neurological signs and symptoms in humans. Similar to other paramyxoviruses, HNVs mediate entry into host cells through the concerted actions of two surface glycoproteins: a receptor binding protein (RBP) that mediates attachment and a fusion glycoprotein (F) that triggers fusion in an RBP-dependent manner. NiV uses ephrin-B2 (EFNB2) and ephrin-B3 (EFNB3) as entry receptors. Ghana virus (GhV), a novel HNV identified in a Ghanaian bat, use EFNB2 but not EFNB3. In this study, we employ a structure-informed approach to identify receptor interfacing residues and systematically introduce GhV-RBP residues into a NiV-RBP backbone to uncover the molecular determinants of EFNB3 usage. We reveal two regions that severely impair EFNB3 binding by NiV-RBP and EFNB3-mediated entry by NiV pseudotyped viral particles. Further analyses uncovered two point mutations (NiVN557SGhV and NiVY581TGhV) pivotal for this phenotype. Moreover, we identify NiV interaction with Y120 of EFNB3 as important for usage of this receptor. Beyond these EFNB3-related findings, we reveal two domains that restrict GhV binding of EFNB2, identify the HNV-head as an immunodominant target for polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and describe putative epitopes for GhV and NiV-specific monoclonal antibodies. Cumulatively, the work presented here generates useful reagents and tools that shed insight to residues important for NiV usage of EFNB3, reveals regions critical for GhV binding of EFNB2, and describes putative HNV antibody binding epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Oguntuyo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G D Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K D Azarm
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Brambilla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V A Avanzato
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Pryce
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - T A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Diederich S, Babiuk S, Boshra H. A Survey of Henipavirus Tropism-Our Current Understanding from a Species/Organ and Cellular Level. Viruses 2023; 15:2048. [PMID: 37896825 PMCID: PMC10611353 DOI: 10.3390/v15102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Henipaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that have been shown to be virulent in several species, including humans, pigs, horses, and rodents. Isolated nearly 30 years ago, these viruses have been shown to be of particular concern to public health, as at least two members (Nipah and Hendra viruses) are highly virulent, as well as zoonotic, and are thus classified as BSL4 pathogens. Although only 5 members of this genus have been isolated and characterized, metagenomics analysis using animal fluids and tissues has demonstrated the existence of other novel henipaviruses, suggesting a far greater degree of phylogenetic diversity than is currently known. Using a variety of molecular biology techniques, it has been shown that these viruses exhibit varying degrees of tropism on a species, organ/tissue, and cellular level. This review will attempt to provide a general overview of our current understanding of henipaviruses, with a particular emphasis on viral tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Diederich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E EM4, Canada;
| | - Hani Boshra
- Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development (GUARD), 911 rue Principale, Batiscan, QC G0X 1A0, Canada
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14
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Wang Z, McCallum M, Yan L, Sharkey W, Park YJ, Dang HV, Amaya M, Person A, Broder CC, Veesler D. Structure and design of Langya virus glycoprotein antigens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.20.554025. [PMID: 37645760 PMCID: PMC10462157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.20.554025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Langya virus (LayV) is a recently discovered henipavirus (HNV), isolated from febrile patients in China. HNV entry into host cells is mediated by the attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins which are the main targets of neutralizing antibodies. We show here that the LayV F and G glycoproteins promote membrane fusion with human, mouse and hamster target cells using a different, yet unknown, receptor than NiV and HeV and that NiV- and HeV-elicited monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies do not cross-react with LayV F and G. We determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of LayV F, in the prefusion and postfusion states, and of LayV G, revealing previously unknown conformational landscapes and their distinct antigenicity relative to NiV and HeV. We computationally designed stabilized LayV G constructs and demonstrate the generalizability of an HNV F prefusion-stabilization strategy. Our data will support the development of vaccines and therapeutics against LayV and closely related HNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ha V. Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Person
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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15
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Li H, Kim JYV, Pickering BS. Henipavirus zoonosis: outbreaks, animal hosts and potential new emergence. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167085. [PMID: 37529329 PMCID: PMC10387552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are biosafety level 4 zoonotic pathogens causing severe and often fatal neurological and respiratory disease. These agents have been recognized by the World Health Organization as top priority pathogens expected to result in severe future outbreaks. HeV has caused sporadic infections in horses and a small number of human cases in Australia since 1994. The NiV Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) was responsible for the 1998-1999 epizootic outbreak in pigs with spillover to humans in Malaysia and Singapore. Since 2001, the NiV Bangladesh genotype (NiV-B) has been the predominant strain leading to outbreaks almost every year in Bangladesh and India, with hundreds of infections in humans. The natural reservoir hosts of HeV and NiV are fruit bats, which carry the viruses without clinical manifestation. The transmission pathways of henipaviruses from bats to humans remain poorly understood. Transmissions are often bridged by an intermediate animal host, which amplifies and spreads the viruses to humans. Horses and pigs are known intermediate hosts for the HeV outbreaks in Australia and NiV-M epidemic in Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. During the NiV-B outbreaks in Bangladesh, following initial spillover thought to be through the consumption of date palm sap, the spread of infection was largely human-to-human transmission. Spillover of NiV-B in recent outbreaks in India is less understood, with the primary route of transmission from bat reservoir to the initial human infection case(s) unknown and no intermediate host established. This review aims to provide a concise update on the epidemiology of henipaviruses covering their previous and current outbreaks with emphasis on the known and potential role of livestock as intermediate hosts in disease transmission. Also included is an up-to-date summary of newly emerging henipa-like viruses and animal hosts. In these contexts we discuss knowledge gaps and new challenges in the field and propose potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ji-Young V. Kim
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bradley S. Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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16
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May AJ, Pothula KR, Janowska K, Acharya P. Structures of Langya Virus Fusion Protein Ectodomain in Pre- and Postfusion Conformation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0043323. [PMID: 37278642 PMCID: PMC10308951 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00433-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Langya virus (LayV) is a paramyxovirus in the Henipavirus genus, closely related to the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, that was identified in August 2022 through disease surveillance following animal exposure in eastern China. Paramyxoviruses present two glycoproteins on their surface, known as attachment and fusion proteins, that mediate entry into cells and constitute the primary antigenic targets for immune response. Here, we determine cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the uncleaved LayV fusion protein (F) ectodomain in pre- and postfusion conformations. The LayV-F protein exhibits pre- and postfusion architectures that, despite being highly conserved across paramyxoviruses, show differences in their surface properties, in particular at the apex of the prefusion trimer, that may contribute to antigenic variability. While dramatic conformational changes were visualized between the pre- and postfusion forms of the LayV-F protein, several domains remained invariant, held together by highly conserved disulfides. The LayV-F fusion peptide (FP) is buried within a highly conserved, hydrophobic interprotomer pocket in the prefusion state and is notably less flexible than the rest of the protein, highlighting its "spring-loaded" state and suggesting that the mechanism of pre-to-post transition must involve perturbations to the pocket and release of the fusion peptide. Together, these results offer a structural basis for how the Langya virus fusion protein compares to its Henipavirus relatives and propose a mechanism for the initial step of pre- to postfusion conversion that may apply more broadly to paramyxoviruses. IMPORTANCE The Henipavirus genus is quickly expanding into new animal hosts and geographic locations. This study compares the structure and antigenicity of the Langya virus fusion protein to other henipaviruses, which have important vaccine and therapeutic development implications. Furthermore, the study proposes a new mechanism to explain the early steps of the fusion initiation process that can be more broadly applied to the Paramyxoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Isaacs A, Low YS, Macauslane KL, Seitanidou J, Pegg CL, Cheung STM, Liang B, Scott CAP, Landsberg MJ, Schulz BL, Chappell KJ, Modhiran N, Watterson D. Structure and antigenicity of divergent Henipavirus fusion glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3577. [PMID: 37328468 PMCID: PMC10275869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022, a novel henipavirus (HNV) named Langya virus (LayV) was isolated from patients with severe pneumonic disease in China. This virus is closely related to Mòjiāng virus (MojV), and both are divergent from the bat-borne HNV members, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. The spillover of LayV is the first instance of a HNV zoonosis to humans outside of NiV and HeV, highlighting the continuing threat this genus poses to human health. In this work, we determine the prefusion structures of MojV and LayV F proteins via cryogenic electron microscopy to 2.66 and 3.37 Å, respectively. We show that despite sequence divergence from NiV, the F proteins adopt an overall similar structure but are antigenically distinct as they do not react to known antibodies or sera. Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that while LayV F is less glycosylated than NiV F, it contains a glycan that shields a site of vulnerability previously identified for NiV. These findings explain the distinct antigenic profile of LayV and MojV F, despite the extent to which they are otherwise structurally similar to NiV. Our results carry implications for broad-spectrum HNV vaccines and therapeutics, and indicate an antigenic, yet not structural, divergence from prototypical HNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu Shang Low
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyle L Macauslane
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joy Seitanidou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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18
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Amaya M, Yin R, Yan L, Borisevich V, Adhikari BN, Bennett A, Malagon F, Cer RZ, Bishop-Lilly KA, Dimitrov AS, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Broder CC. A Recombinant Chimeric Cedar Virus-Based Surrogate Neutralization Assay Platform for Pathogenic Henipaviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051077. [PMID: 37243163 DOI: 10.3390/v15051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The henipaviruses, Nipah virus (NiV), and Hendra virus (HeV) can cause fatal diseases in humans and animals, whereas Cedar virus is a nonpathogenic henipavirus. Here, using a recombinant Cedar virus (rCedV) reverse genetics platform, the fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoprotein genes of rCedV were replaced with those of NiV-Bangladesh (NiV-B) or HeV, generating replication-competent chimeric viruses (rCedV-NiV-B and rCedV-HeV), both with and without green fluorescent protein (GFP) or luciferase protein genes. The rCedV chimeras induced a Type I interferon response and utilized only ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as entry receptors compared to rCedV. The neutralizing potencies of well-characterized cross-reactive NiV/HeV F and G specific monoclonal antibodies against rCedV-NiV-B-GFP and rCedV-HeV-GFP highly correlated with measurements obtained using authentic NiV-B and HeV when tested in parallel by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). A rapid, high-throughput, and quantitative fluorescence reduction neutralization test (FRNT) using the GFP-encoding chimeras was established, and monoclonal antibody neutralization data derived by FRNT highly correlated with data derived by PRNT. The FRNT assay could also measure serum neutralization titers from henipavirus G glycoprotein immunized animals. These rCedV chimeras are an authentic henipavirus-based surrogate neutralization assay that is rapid, cost-effective, and can be utilized outside high containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Randy Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bishwo N Adhikari
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Andrew Bennett
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
- Leidos, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
- Leidos, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Regina Z Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Antony S Dimitrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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19
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Haas GD, Lee B. Paramyxoviruses from bats: changes in receptor specificity and their role in host adaptation. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 58:101292. [PMID: 36508860 PMCID: PMC9974588 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global metagenomic surveys have revealed that bats host a diverse array of paramyxoviruses, including species from at least five major genera. An essential determinant of successful spillover is the entry of a virus into a new host. We evaluate the role of receptor usage in the zoonotic potential of bat-borne henipaviruses, morbilliviruses, pararubulaviruses, orthorubulaviruses, and jeilongviruses; successful spillover into humans depends upon compatibility of a respective viral attachment protein with its cognate receptor. We also emphasize the importance of postentry restrictions in preventing spillover. Metagenomics and characterization of newly identified paramyxoviruses have greatly improved our understanding of spillover determinants, allowing for better forecasts of which bat-borne viruses may pose the greatest risk for cross-species transmission into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin D Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.
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20
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First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102167. [PMID: 36298723 PMCID: PMC9608811 DOI: 10.3390/v14102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral genus Henipavirus includes two highly virulent zoonotic viruses of serious public health concern. Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus outbreaks are restricted to Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively. The Henipavirus genus comprises mostly bat-borne viruses, but exceptions have already been described as novel viruses with rodents and shrews as reservoir animals. In the Americas, scarce evidence supports the circulation of these viruses. In this communication, we report a novel henipa-like virus from opossums (Marmosa demerarae) from a forest fragment area in the Peixe-Boi municipality, Brazil, after which the virus was named the Peixe-Boi virus (PBV). The application of next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approach led us to discover the original evidence of a henipa-like virus genome in Brazil and South America and the original description of a henipa-like virus in marsupial species. These findings emphasize the importance of further studies to characterize PBV and clarify its ecology, impact on public health, and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and henipaviruses.
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21
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Discovery and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Henipavirus, Angavokely Virus, from Fruit Bats in Madagascar. J Virol 2022; 96:e0092122. [PMID: 36040175 PMCID: PMC9517717 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00921-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Henipavirus (family Paramyxoviridae) currently comprises seven viruses, four of which have demonstrated prior evidence of zoonotic capacity. These include the biosafety level 4 agents Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses, which circulate naturally in pteropodid fruit bats. Here, we describe and characterize Angavokely virus (AngV), a divergent henipavirus identified in urine samples from wild, Madagascar fruit bats. We report the nearly complete 16,740-nucleotide genome of AngV, which encodes the six major henipavirus structural proteins (nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, matrix, fusion, glycoprotein, and L polymerase). Within the phosphoprotein (P) gene, we identify an alternative start codon encoding the AngV C protein and a putative mRNA editing site where the insertion of one or two guanine residues encodes, respectively, additional V and W proteins. In other paramyxovirus systems, C, V, and W are accessory proteins involved in antagonism of host immune responses during infection. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that AngV is ancestral to all four previously described bat henipaviruses-HeV, NiV, Cedar virus (CedV), and Ghanaian bat virus (GhV)-but evolved more recently than rodent- and shrew-derived henipaviruses, Mojiang (MojV), Gamak (GAKV), and Daeryong (DARV) viruses. Predictive structure-based alignments suggest that AngV is unlikely to bind ephrin receptors, which mediate cell entry for all other known bat henipaviruses. Identification of the AngV receptor is needed to clarify the virus's potential host range. The presence of V and W proteins in the AngV genome suggest that the virus could be pathogenic following zoonotic spillover. IMPORTANCE Henipaviruses include highly pathogenic emerging zoonotic viruses, derived from bat, rodent, and shrew reservoirs. Bat-borne Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) are the most well-known henipaviruses, for which no effective antivirals or vaccines for humans have been described. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel henipavirus, Angavokely virus (AngV), isolated from wild fruit bats in Madagascar. Genomic characterization of AngV reveals all major features associated with pathogenicity in other henipaviruses, suggesting that AngV could be pathogenic following spillover to human hosts. Our work suggests that AngV is an ancestral bat henipavirus that likely uses viral entry pathways distinct from those previously described for HeV and NiV. In Madagascar, bats are consumed as a source of human food, presenting opportunities for cross-species transmission. Characterization of novel henipaviruses and documentation of their pathogenic and zoonotic potential are essential to predicting and preventing the emergence of future zoonoses that cause pandemics.
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22
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Zhang XA, Li H, Jiang FC, Zhu F, Zhang YF, Chen JJ, Tan CW, Anderson DE, Fan H, Dong LY, Li C, Zhang PH, Li Y, Ding H, Fang LQ, Wang LF, Liu W. A Zoonotic Henipavirus in Febrile Patients in China. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:470-472. [PMID: 35921459 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2202705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ai Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Chun Jiang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Fa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Chee-Wah Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danielle E Anderson
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hang Fan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yan Dong
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Li
- Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Pan-He Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Ding
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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23
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Lawrence P, Escudero-Pérez B. Henipavirus Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis Mechanisms: Lessons Learnt from Natural Infection and Animal Models. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050936. [PMID: 35632678 PMCID: PMC9146692 DOI: 10.3390/v14050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are zoonotic emerging paramyxoviruses causing severe disease outbreaks in humans and livestock, mostly in Australia, India, Malaysia, Singapore and Bangladesh. Both are bat-borne viruses and in humans, their mortality rates can reach 60% in the case of HeV and 92% for NiV, thus being two of the deadliest viruses known for humans. Several factors, including a large cellular tropism and a wide zoonotic potential, con-tribute to their high pathogenicity. This review provides an overview of HeV and NiV pathogenicity mechanisms and provides a summary of their interactions with the immune systems of their different host species, including their natural hosts bats, spillover-hosts pigs, horses, and humans, as well as in experimental animal models. A better understanding of the interactions between henipaviruses and their hosts could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies and vaccine measures against these re-emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lawrence
- Science and Humanities Confluence Research Centre (EA 1598), Catholic University of Lyon (UCLy), 69002 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (B.E.-P.)
| | - Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (B.E.-P.)
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24
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Zhu W, Huang Y, Yu X, Chen H, Li D, Zhou L, Huang Q, Liu L, Yang J, Lu S. Discovery and Evolutionary Analysis of a Novel Bat-Borne Paramyxovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020288. [PMID: 35215881 PMCID: PMC8879077 DOI: 10.3390/v14020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are a group of RNA viruses, such as mumps virus, measles virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Newcastle disease virus, and parainfluenza virus, usually transmitted by airborne droplets that are predominantly responsible for acute respiratory diseases. In this paper, we identified a novel paramyxovirus belonging to genus Jeilongvirus infecting 4/112 (3.6%) bats from two trapping sites of Hainan Province of China. In these animals, the viral RNA was detected exclusively in kidney tissues. This is the first full-length Jeilongvirus genome (18,095 nucleotides) from bats of genus Hipposideros, which exhibits a canonical genome organization and encodes SH and TM proteins. Results, based on phylogenic analysis and genetic distances, indicate that the novel paramyxovirus formed an independent lineage belonging to genus Jeilongvirus, representing, thus, a novel species. In addition, the virus-host macro-evolutionary analysis revealed that host-switching was not only a common co-phylogenetic event, but also a potential mechanism by which rats are infected by bat-origin Jeilongvirus through cross-species virus transmission, indicating a bat origin of the genus Jeilongvirus. Overall, our study broadens the viral diversity, geographical distribution, host range, and evolution of genus Jeilongvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (D.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (D.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dandan Li
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (D.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Libo Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (D.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qianni Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (L.L.)
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.L.)
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