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Mathur R, Ahmid Z, Ashor AW, Shannon O, Stephan BCM, Siervo M. Effects of dietary-based weight loss interventions on biomarkers of endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:927-940. [PMID: 37491453 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is closely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the evidence on the effect of weight loss, achieved by dietary-based interventions, on biomarkers of endothelial function (EF). Two databases (Medline, Embase) were searched from inception until November 2022 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) adult subjects (≥ 18 years) without exclusion for health status, 2) dietary interventions for weight loss, and 3) measurements of changes in EF biomarkers. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Thirty-seven articles including 1449 participants were included in the systematic review. Study duration ranged from 3-52 weeks. Overall, weight loss significantly improved biomarkers of EF [standardised mean difference (SMD):0.65; 95%CI:0.49,0.81; P < 0.001;I2 = 91.9%]. Subgroup analyses showed weight loss significantly improved levels of E-selectin (P < 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.001), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant improvement for von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Meta-regression analysis revealed that changes in EF biomarkers were not affected by age, BMI, quality of the studies or the amount of weight lost. A significant heterogeneity was observed for the effects of weight loss on changes in EF biomarkers. Dietary-induced weight loss may be associated with biomarkers changes indicating an improvement of EF, and it may represent a potential strategy to reduce atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Mathur
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zhara Ahmid
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Triffoni-Melo ADT, Castro MD, Jordão AA, Leandro-Merhi VA, Dick-DE-Paula I, Diez-Garcia RW. HIGH-FIBER DIET PROMOTES METABOLIC, HORMONAL, AND SATIETY EFFECTS IN OBESE WOMEN ON A SHORT-TERM CALORIC RESTRICTION. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:163-171. [PMID: 37556741 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202302022-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
•Body weight and BMI decrease in both the EG and CG groups during the period of caloric restriction. •For both the EG and CG groups, fat-free mass decreases during food restriction. •Subjects on a high-fiber diet have reduced fasting glucose and basal insulin as well as improved insulin resistance, as attested by the lower HOMA-IR index. •Obese women on a high-fiber diet have suppressed postprandial (after 60 min) acylated ghrelin, confirming that the diet composition influences ghrelin levels from the first day. •In the present study, it was possible to verify that fasting leptin concentration diminishes in obese women on a high-fiber diet. Background - Several mechanisms, including excessive hunger, account for patients' difficulties in maintaining weight loss and dietary changes after caloric restriction. Objective - To evaluate the effect of short-term high-fiber calorie-restricted diet in appetite-regulating hormones, and hunger and satiety sensations in women with obesity. In a randomized controlled trial study, thirty women with body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg/m2, and aged from 20 to 50 years were hospitalized following a calorie-restricted diet (1000 kcal/day) for three days. The experimental group (n=15) received high-fiber diet and the control group (n=15), conventional diet. Results - Body weight, BMI, resting energy expenditure (REE), acylated and total ghrelin, leptin, insulin and glucose, and hunger and satiety sensations were evaluated. Linear regression models with mixed effects (fixed and random effects) helped to assess the variables between the two groups and within the groups. Body weight and BMI decreased in both the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). After the high-fiber diet, postprandial acylated ghrelin (P=0.04), glucose (P<0.001), insulin (P=0.04), and leptin (P=0.03) levels as well as the HOMA-IR index (P=0.01) decreased, whereas satiety improved (P=0.02). Obese women that followed the conventional diet had increased body fat percentage (P=0.04) and lower REE (P=0.02). The two diets did not differ in terms of hunger sensation. Conclusion - A short-term high-fiber diet improves satiety sensations and metabolic parameters while suppressing postprandial acylated ghrelin (60 minutes) and maintaining the resting energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica - Endocrinologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordão
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde - Nutrição e Metabolismo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ingrid Dick-DE-Paula
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosa Wanda Diez-Garcia
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde - Nutrição e Metabolismo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Ye RZ, Richard G, Gévry N, Tchernof A, Carpentier AC. Fat Cell Size: Measurement Methods, Pathophysiological Origins, and Relationships With Metabolic Dysregulations. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:35-60. [PMID: 34100954 PMCID: PMC8755996 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic increasingly causes morbidity and mortality from type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many other chronic diseases. Fat cell size (FCS) predicts numerous obesity-related complications such as lipid dysmetabolism, ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disorders. Nevertheless, the scarcity of systematic literature reviews on this subject is compounded by the use of different methods by which FCS measurements are determined and reported. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of the current literature on the relationship between adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity-related glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, ectopic fat accumulation, and cardiovascular disorders. We also review the numerous mechanistic origins of adipocyte hypertrophy and its relationship with metabolic dysregulation, including changes in adipogenesis, cell senescence, collagen deposition, systemic inflammation, adipokine secretion, and energy balance. To quantify the effect of different FCS measurement methods, we performed statistical analyses across published data while controlling for body mass index, age, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Richard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Pincu Y, Yoel U, Haim Y, Makarenkov N, Maixner N, Shaco-Levy R, Bashan N, Dicker D, Rudich A. Assessing Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Disease (OrAD) to Improve Precision Medicine for Patients Living With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860799. [PMID: 35574032 PMCID: PMC9098964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition that affects the life and health of patients to different degrees and in different ways. Yet, most approaches to treat obesity are not currently prescribed, at least in a systematic manner, based on individual obesity sub-phenotypes or specifically-predicted health risks. Adipose tissue is one of the most evidently affected tissues in obesity. The degree of adipose tissue changes - "adiposopathy", or as we propose to relate to herein as Obesity-related Adipose tissue Disease (OrAD), correspond, at least cross-sectionally, to the extent of obesity-related complications inflicted on an individual patient. This potentially provides an opportunity to better personalize anti-obesity management by utilizing the information that can be retrieved by assessing OrAD. This review article will summarize current knowledge on histopathological OrAD features which, beyond cross-sectional analyses, had been shown to predict future obesity-related endpoints and/or the response to specific anti-obesity interventions. In particular, the review explores adipocyte cell size, adipose tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. Rather than highly-specialized methods, we emphasize standard pathology laboratory approaches to assess OrAD, which are readily-available in most clinical settings. We then discuss how OrAD assessment can be streamlined in the obesity/weight-management clinic. We propose that current studies provide sufficient evidence to inspire concerted efforts to better explore the possibility of predicting obesity related clinical endpoints and response to interventions by histological OrAD assessment, in the quest to improve precision medicine in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Pincu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Uri Yoel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Endocrinology Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nataly Makarenkov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruthy Shaco-Levy
- Institute of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
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Tang Q, Ma B, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Gao H, Liu W, Li L, Chen Y, Xie L. Soluble Dietary Fiber Significance against Obesity in a Western China Population. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5754160. [PMID: 34676062 PMCID: PMC8526253 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5754160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) could protect against obesity by influencing weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), visceral fat rate (VFR), or waistline. Methods We examined obese adult patients from western China at 0 and 3 weeks after an SDF diet. Index assessments of obesity including height, weight, BMI, BFR, VFR, and waistline were carried out. We used the Mann-Whitney U test to examine the difference between the usual diet and the SDF group. Results Weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline were reduced in both the control group and the SDF group (P < 0.001). The reduction of the four indices in the SDF group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Higher intake of various SDFs has significantly reduced the weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline than the usual diet group in obesity. Conclusion Our results indicated that increased intake of SDFs in the diet of obese patients would protect against obesity in the first 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Rehaibilitation Medicine, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Electric Power Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuli Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenye Zhang
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Han Gao
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- Classical Tcm Diagnosis and Treament Center, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Eslick S, Thompson C, Berthon B, Wood L. Short-chain fatty acids as anti-inflammatory agents in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:838-856. [PMID: 34472619 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from microbial fermentation of prebiotic soluble fibers are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits against obese systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the effect of SCFAs and prebiotic interventions on systemic inflammation in obesity. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies from 1947 to August 2019 were collected from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. STUDY SELECTION Of 61 included studies, 29 were of humans and 32 of animals. DATA EXTRACTION Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the critical appraisal checklist of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Data pertaining to population, intervention type and duration, and markers of systemic inflammation were extracted from included studies. RESULTS Of 29 included human studies, 3 of 4 SCFA interventions and 11 of 25 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant decrease in ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Of 32 included animal studies, 10 of 11 SCFA interventions and 18 of 21 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant reduction of ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Meta-analysis revealed that prebiotics in humans reduced levels of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (standard mean difference [SMD], -0.83; 95%CI: -1.56 to -0.11; I2: 86%; P = 0.02) and plasma lipopolysaccharide (SMD, -1.20; 95%CI: -1.89 to -0.51; I2: 87%; P = 0.0006), and reduced TNF-α levels in animals (SMD, -0.63; 95%CI: -1.19 to -0.07; P = 0.03). Heterogeneity among supplement types, duration, and dose across studies was significant. CONCLUSION Evidence from this review and meta-analysis supports the use of SCFAs and prebiotics as novel aids in treatment of obese systemic inflammation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020148529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Eslick
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cherry Thompson
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Berthon
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Sun D, Zhou T, Li X, Heianza Y, Liang Z, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Genetic Susceptibility, Dietary Protein Intake, and Changes of Blood Pressure: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Hypertension 2019; 74:1460-1467. [PMID: 31656094 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is closely related to obesity, and weight loss lowers BP. Evidence has shown considerable interpersonal variation of changes in BP among people experiencing weight loss, and such variation might be partly determined by genetic factors. We assessed the changes in systolic and diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) among 692 participants randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient content for 2 years. Two separate polygenic scores (SBP/DBP-PGS derived from 52/50 single nucleotide polymorphisms) were built for each participant based on 66 BP-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. During a 2-year intervention, participants in the bottom versus upper tertile of SBP/DBP-PGS had a greater decrease in SBP (△SBP at 6, 12, and 24 months: -3.84 versus -1.61, -4.76 versus -2.75, -2.49 versus -1.63; P=0.001) or in DBP (△DBP at 6, 12, and 24 months: -3.09 versus -1.34, -2.69 versus -1.44, -1.82 versus -0.53; P<0.001). We also found gene-diet interaction on changes in SBP from baseline to 24 months (Pinteraction=0.009). Among participants assigned to a high-protein diet, those with a lower SBP-polygenic scores had greater decreases in SBP at months 6 (P=0.018), months 12 (P=0.007), and months 24 (P=0.089); while no significant difference was observed across the SBP-polygenic scores tertile groups among those assigned to an average-protein diet (all P values >0.05). Our data indicate that genetic susceptibility may affect BP changes in response to weight-loss diet interventions, and protein intake may modify the genetic associations with changes in BP. This trial was registered at URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00072995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjianyi Sun
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (D.S.)
| | - Tao Zhou
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.)
| | - Xiang Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.)
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.)
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.).,Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.L.).,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, China (Z.L.)
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (G.A.B.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (F.M.S., L.Q.).,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (F.M.S., L.Q.)
| | - Lu Qi
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (D.S., T.Z., X.L., Y.H., Z.L., L.Q.).,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (F.M.S., L.Q.).,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (F.M.S., L.Q.)
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Kayser BD, Prifti E, Lhomme M, Belda E, Dao MC, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Kontush A, Zucker JD, Rizkalla SW, Dugail I, Clément K. Elevated serum ceramides are linked with obesity-associated gut dysbiosis and impaired glucose metabolism. Metabolomics 2019; 15:140. [PMID: 31605240 PMCID: PMC7165363 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low gut microbiome richness is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and ceramides and other sphingolipids are implicated in the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVES Determine whether circulating sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, are associated with alterations in the gut microbiome among obese patients with increased diabetes risk. METHODS This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective analysis of a dietary/weight loss intervention. Fasted serum was collected from 49 participants (41 women) and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS to quantify 45 sphingolipids. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool was performed to profile the gut microbiome. RESULTS Confirming the link to deteriorated glucose homeostasis, serum ceramides were positively correlated with fasting glucose, but inversely correlated with fasting and OGTT-derived measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Significant associations with gut dysbiosis were demonstrated, with SM and ceramides being inversely correlated with gene richness. Ceramides with fatty acid chain lengths of 20-24 carbons were the most associated with low richness. Diet-induced weight loss, which improved gene richness, decreased most sphingolipids. Thirty-one MGS, mostly corresponding to unidentified bacteria species, were inversely correlated with ceramides, including a number of Bifidobacterium and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Higher ceramide levels were also associated with increased metagenomic modules for lipopolysaccharide synthesis and flagellan synthesis, two pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and decreased enrichment of genes involved in methanogenesis and bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSION This study identifies an association between gut microbiota richness, ceramides, and diabetes risk in overweight/obese humans, and suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to dysregulation of lipid metabolism in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Kayser
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eugeni Belda
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carlota Dao
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile de France, 43-83 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, IE3 M, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis Team, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes, Paris, France
| | - Salwa W Rizkalla
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), Paris, France.
- Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile de France, 43-83 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, IE3 M, 75013, Paris, France.
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9
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Dao MC, Sokolovska N, Brazeilles R, Affeldt S, Pelloux V, Prifti E, Chilloux J, Verger EO, Kayser BD, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Ichou F, Pujos-Guillot E, Hoyles L, Juste C, Doré J, Dumas ME, Rizkalla SW, Holmes BA, Zucker JD, Clément K. A Data Integration Multi-Omics Approach to Study Calorie Restriction-Induced Changes in Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1958. [PMID: 30804813 PMCID: PMC6371001 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms responsible for calorie restriction (CR)-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) have not been fully elucidated. Greater insight can be achieved through deep biological phenotyping of subjects undergoing CR, and integration of big data. Materials and Methods: An integrative approach was applied to investigate associations between change in IS and factors from host, microbiota, and lifestyle after a 6-week CR period in 27 overweight or obese adults (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01314690). Partial least squares regression was used to determine associations of change (week 6 - baseline) between IS markers and lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity), subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) gene expression, metabolomics of serum, urine and feces, and gut microbiota composition. ScaleNet, a network learning approach based on spectral consensus strategy (SCS, developed by us) was used for reconstruction of biological networks. Results: A spectrum of variables from lifestyle factors (10 nutrients), gut microbiota (10 metagenomics species), and host multi-omics (metabolic features: 84 from serum, 73 from urine, and 131 from feces; and 257 sAT gene probes) most associated with IS were identified. Biological network reconstruction using SCS, highlighted links between changes in IS, serum branched chain amino acids, sAT genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and ubiquitination, and gut metagenomic species (MGS). Linear regression analysis to model how changes of select variables over the CR period contribute to changes in IS, showed greatest contributions from gut MGS and fiber intake. Conclusion: This work has enhanced previous knowledge on links between host glucose homeostasis, lifestyle factors and the gut microbiota, and has identified potential biomarkers that may be used in future studies to predict and improve individual response to weight-loss interventions. Furthermore, this is the first study showing integration of the wide range of data presented herein, identifying 115 variables of interest with respect to IS from the initial input, consisting of 9,986 variables. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01314690).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlota Dao
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | | | - Séverine Affeldt
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Integromics, ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, IRD, UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Verger
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Brandon D. Kayser
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICANalytics, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Juste
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Integromics, ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, IRD, UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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10
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Zafar MI, Mills KE, Zheng J, Peng MM, Ye X, Chen LL. Low glycaemic index diets as an intervention for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:290-315. [PMID: 30460737 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may aid in weight loss by reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions, leading to more stable blood glucose concentrations and therefore a reduction in hunger. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low GI diets with other diet types. METHODS We included 101 studies involving 109 study arms and 8,527 participants. We meta-analysed the studies using a random-effects model and conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on control diet, blood glucose control, baseline BMI and dietary GI. RESULTS Low GI diets resulted in small but significant improvements in body weight, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol overall, although no individual control diet was significantly different from low GI diets. Studies in people with normal blood glucose who achieved a difference in GI of 20 points or more resulted in a larger reduction in body weight (SMD = -0.26; 95% CIs [-0.43, -0.09]), and total cholesterol (SMD = -0.24; 95% CIs [-0.42, -0.05]) than studies that only achieved a smaller reduction in GI. CONCLUSIONS Low GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K E Mills
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M M Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Bianchi VE. Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Kumagai H, Zempo-Miyaki A, Yoshikawa T, Eto M, So R, Tsujimoto T, Nishiyasu T, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Which cytokine is the most related to weight loss-induced decrease in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men? Endocr J 2018; 65:53-61. [PMID: 28966223 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and increased arterial stiffness are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A well-known characteristic of obesity is the chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and it causes elevation of arterial stiffness. Weight-loss reduces arterial stiffness and inflammatory level in obese individuals. However, it is unclear which inflammatory factor is most related to weight loss-induce decreases in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine which circulating cytokine level has the most effect on decreasing arterial stiffness after lifestyle modification. Twenty overweight and obese men completed a 12-week period of lifestyle modifications (combination of aerobic exercise training and dietary modification). We measured brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as an index of arterial stiffness, and circulating cytokine levels using comprehensive analysis. After the 12-week lifestyle modifications, body mass was markedly decreased. Also, baPWV and the levels of several circulating cytokines significantly decreased after the lifestyle modifications. We observed a positive correlation between changes in baPWV and circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Furthermore, multiple liner regression analysis revealed that change in baPWV was significantly associated with that in IL-6 levels after consideration of changes in systolic blood pressure and body mass index. These results suggest that for overweight and obese men, a 12-week period of lifestyle modifications-induced a decrease in circulating cytokine levels (especially IL-6 levels), leads to decreased baPWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miki Eto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Economics, Higashiyodogawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rina So
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Campbell KL, Landells CE, Fan J, Brenner DR. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression: Implications for Carcinogenesis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25 Suppl 2:S40-S51. [PMID: 29086521 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms driving the associations between body weight and physical activity levels and multiple types of cancer are not yet well understood. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions on proposed biomarkers of lifestyle and cancer risk at the level of adipose tissue in humans. METHODS Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched by using keywords relating to exercise or diet interventions, adipose tissue biology, and outcomes of interest. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials of exercise and/or dietary interventions in humans compared with control or other interventions, reporting the collection of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. RESULTS Nineteen studies met criteria for inclusion. Eight studies modified dietary intake, five altered exercise levels, and six studies used a combination of both. Change in subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression was most commonly observed with dietary weight loss, with a pattern of decrease in leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, along with an increase in adiponectin. There was limited change with exercise-only interventions or study arms. CONCLUSIONS Interventions leading to weight loss result in an altered gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while less change in gene expression was noted with exercise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Campbell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine E Landells
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression and DNA methylation respond to both short- and long-term weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:412-423. [PMID: 28978976 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined both gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during long-term weight loss. Thus, molecular mechanisms in weight loss and regain remain elusive. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS We performed a 1-year weight loss intervention on 19 healthy obese participants (mean body mass index (BMI) 34.6 kg m-2) and studied longitudinal gene expression (Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0) and DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) in SAT at 0, 5 and 12 months. To examine whether weight loss and acquired obesity produce reciprocal profiles, we verified our findings in 26 BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs. RESULTS We found altered expression of 69 genes from 0 to 5' months (short-term) weight loss. Sixty of these genes showed reversed expression in acquired obesity (twins). Altogether 21/69 genes showed significant expression-DNA methylation correlations. Pathway analyses revealed increased high-density lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport characteristic to short-term weight loss. After the fifth month, two groups of participants evolved: weight losers (WLs) and weight regainers (WRs). In WLs five genes were differentially expressed in 5 vs 12 months, three of which significantly correlated with methylation. Signaling by insulin receptor pathway showed increased expression. We further identified 35 genes with differential expression in WLs from 0 to 12 months (long-term) weight loss, with 20 showing opposite expression patterns in acquired obesity, and 16/35 genes with significant expression-DNA methylation correlations. Pathway analyses demonstrated changes in signal transduction, metabolism, immune system and cell cycle. Notably, seven genes (UCHL1, BAG3, TNMD, LEP, BHMT2, EPDR1 and OSTM1) were found to be downregulated during both short- and long-term weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates short- and long-term weight loss influences in transcription and DNA methylation in SAT of healthy participants. Moreover, we demonstrate that same genes react in an opposite manner in weight loss and acquired obesity.
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15
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Critical Role of the Human ATP-Binding Cassette G1 Transporter in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091892. [PMID: 28869506 PMCID: PMC5618541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) is a member of the large family of ABC transporters which are involved in the active transport of many amphiphilic and lipophilic molecules including lipids, drugs or endogenous metabolites. It is now well established that ABCG1 promotes the export of lipids, including cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingomyelin and oxysterols, and plays a key role in the maintenance of tissue lipid homeostasis. Although ABCG1 was initially proposed to mediate cholesterol efflux from macrophages and then to protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it becomes now clear that ABCG1 exerts a larger spectrum of actions which are of major importance in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Beyond a role in cellular lipid homeostasis, ABCG1 equally participates to glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling the secretion and activity of insulin and lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, there is now a growing body of evidence suggesting that modulation of ABCG1 expression might contribute to the development of diabetes and obesity, which are major risk factors of CVD. In order to provide the current understanding of the action of ABCG1 in CMD, we here reviewed major findings obtained from studies in mice together with data from the genetic and epigenetic analysis of ABCG1 in the context of CMD.
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16
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The impact of protein quantity during energy restriction on genome-wide gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1114-1120. [PMID: 28337029 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. The most effective strategy to reduce weight is energy restriction (ER). ER has been shown to be beneficial in disease prevention and it reduces chronic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that reducing the protein quantity of a diet contributes to the beneficial effects by ER. The organ most extensively affected during ER is white adipose tissue (WAT). OBJECTIVE The first objective was to assess changes in gene expression between a high-protein diet and a normal protein diet during ER. Second, the total effect of ER on changes in gene expression in WAT was assessed. METHODS In a parallel double-blinded controlled study, overweight older participants adhered to a 25% ER diet, either combined with high-protein intake (HP-ER, 1.7 g kg-1 per day), or with normal protein intake (NP-ER, 0.9 g kg-1 per day) for 12 weeks. From 10 HP-ER participants and 12 NP-ER participants subcutaneous WAT biopsies were collected before and after the diet intervention. Adipose tissue was used to isolate total RNA and to evaluate whole-genome gene expression changes upon a HP-ER and NP-ER diet. RESULTS A different gene expression response between HP-ER and NP-ER was observed for 530 genes. After NP-ER, a downregulation in expression of genes linked to immune cell infiltration, adaptive immune response and inflammasome was found, whereas no such effect was found after HP-ER. HP-ER resulted in upregulation in expression of genes linked to cell cycle, GPCR signalling, olfactory signalling and nitrogen metabolism. Upon 25% ER, gene sets related to energy metabolism and immune response were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Based on gene expression changes, we concluded that consumption of normal protein quantity compared with high-protein quantity during ER has a more beneficial effect on inflammation-related gene expression in WAT.
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17
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Murphy J, Moullec G, Santosa S. Factors associated with adipocyte size reduction after weight loss interventions for overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-regression. Metabolism 2017; 67:31-40. [PMID: 28081776 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Enlarged adipocytes are a prime feature of adipose tissue dysfunction, and may be an appropriate target to decrease disease risk in obesity. We aimed to assess the change in adipocyte size in response to lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions for overweight or obesity; and to explore whether certain participant and intervention characteristics influence this response. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane electronic databases to identify weight loss studies that quantified adipocyte size before and after the intervention. Using meta-regression analysis, we assessed the independent effects of weight loss, age, sex, adipocyte region, and intervention type (surgical vs. lifestyle) on adipocyte size reduction. We repeated the model as a sensitivity analysis including only the lifestyle interventions. RESULTS Thirty-five studies met our eligibility criteria. In our main model, every 1.0% weight loss was associated with a 0.64% reduction in adipocyte size (p=0.003); and adipocytes from the upper body decreased 5% more in size than those in the lower body (p=0.009). These relationships were no longer significant when focusing only on lifestyle interventions. Moreover, age, sex and intervention type did not independently affect adipocyte size reduction in either model. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss in obese individuals is consistently associated with a decrease in adipocyte size that is more pronounced in upper-body adipocytes. It remains to be clarified how biological differences and intervention characteristics influence this relationship, and whether it corresponds with reductions in other aspects of adipose tissue dysfunction and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Murphy
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5
| | - Grégory Moullec
- Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5; École de Santé Publique - Département de Médecine Sociale et Preventive, Université de Montréal, 7101 du Parc Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3N 1X9
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5.
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18
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Hudgel DW. Critical review: CPAP and weight management of obstructive sleep apnea cardiovascular co-morbidities. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 37:14-23. [PMID: 28117120 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular co-morbidities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are similar to those of obesity. Cardiovascular co-morbidities often are the cause of adverse outcomes in overweight/obese OSA patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy resolves the symptoms of OSA, but may, or may not lead to improvement of a given cardiovascular co-morbidity. The impact of CPAP on cardiovascular risk variables, adverse cardiovascular events in overweight/obese OSA patients has been evaluated primarily in prospective, uncontrolled cohort studies. These studies show improvement in myocardial and endothelial function, blood pressure, left ventricular performance and stroke survival. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) examining the effect of weight management on cardiovascular risk factors and disease outcomes show that intentional weight loss leads to improvement in cardiovascular risk, hypertension, coronary artery disease, but not in stroke. Weight loss improves mortality in relatively healthy overweight/obese populations, but possibly not in all groups with cardiometabolic diseases. Clinicians caring for overweight/obese OSA patients should consider the advantages of incorporating weight management into their treatment programs for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hudgel
- University of Manitoba, 10103 Beaver Dam Crescent, Box 186, Grand Bend, ON, N0M1T0, Canada.
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19
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García-Prieto CF, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Caloric Restriction as a Strategy to Improve Vascular Dysfunction in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060370. [PMID: 27314388 PMCID: PMC4924211 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has proved to be the most effective and reproducible dietary intervention to increase healthy lifespan and aging. A reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese subjects can be already achieved by a moderate and sustainable weight loss. Since pharmacological approaches for body weight reduction have, at present, a poor long-term efficacy, CR is of great interest in the prevention and/or reduction of CVD associated with obesity. Other dietary strategies changing specific macronutrients, such as altering carbohydrates, protein content or diet glycemic index have been also shown to decrease the progression of CVD in obese patients. In this review, we will focus on the positive effects and possible mechanisms of action of these strategies on vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha F García-Prieto
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
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20
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Dao MC, Everard A, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Sokolovska N, Prifti E, Verger EO, Kayser BD, Levenez F, Chilloux J, Hoyles L, Dumas ME, Rizkalla SW, Doré J, Cani PD, Clément K. Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut 2016; 65:426-36. [PMID: 26100928 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1153] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes differ from lean and healthy individuals in their abundance of certain gut microbial species and microbial gene richness. Abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, has been inversely associated with body fat mass and glucose intolerance in mice, but more evidence is needed in humans. The impact of diet and weight loss on this bacterial species is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbiome gene richness, diet, host characteristics, and their changes after calorie restriction (CR). DESIGN The intervention consisted of a 6-week CR period followed by a 6-week weight stabilisation diet in overweight and obese adults (N=49, including 41 women). Faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbial gene richness, diet and bioclinical parameters were measured at baseline and after CR and weight stabilisation. RESULTS At baseline A. muciniphila was inversely related to fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter. Subjects with higher gene richness and A. muciniphila abundance exhibited the healthiest metabolic status, particularly in fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and body fat distribution. Individuals with higher baseline A. muciniphila displayed greater improvement in insulin sensitivity markers and other clinical parameters after CR. These participants also experienced a reduction in A. muciniphila abundance, but it remained significantly higher than in individuals with lower baseline abundance. A. muciniphila was associated with microbial species known to be related to health. CONCLUSIONS A. muciniphila is associated with a healthier metabolic status and better clinical outcomes after CR in overweight/obese adults. The interaction between gut microbiota ecology and A. muciniphila warrants further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01314690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlota Dao
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Everard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric O Verger
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Brandon D Kayser
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florence Levenez
- INRA, US1367 MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Salwa W Rizkalla
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joel Doré
- INRA, US1367 MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
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Nielsen TS, Theil PK, Purup S, Nørskov NP, Bach Knudsen KE. Effects of Resistant Starch and Arabinoxylan on Parameters Related to Large Intestinal and Metabolic Health in Pigs Fed Fat-Rich Diets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10418-10430. [PMID: 26566722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of a resistant starch (RS)-rich, arabinoxylan (AX)-rich, or low-DF Western-style control diet (all high-fat) on large intestinal gene expression, adiposity, and glycemic response parameters in pigs. Animals were slaughtered after 3 weeks of treatment. Plasma butyrate concentration was higher following the high-DF diets, whereas plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance increased after 3 weeks irrespective of diet. The mRNA abundance in the large intestine of genes involved in nutrient transport, immune response, and intestinal permeability was affected by segment (cecum, proximal, mid or distal colon) and some genes also by diet. In contrast, there was no diet-induced effect on adipose mRNA abundance or adipocyte size. Overall, a high level of RS or AX did not demonstrate strong beneficial effects on large intestinal gene expression as indicators of colonic health or glycemic response parameters when included in a high-fat diet for pigs as a model of healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , Tjele, Denmark
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Frisdal E, Le Goff W. Adipose ABCG1: A potential therapeutic target in obesity? Adipocyte 2015; 4:315-8. [PMID: 26451289 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1023491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of ATP-Binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter in obesity was recently brought to light by recent findings uncovering its key role in adipogenesis with physiopathological consequences in human obesity. Thus, silencing of ABCG1 expression using an RNAi approach allows inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and maturation leading to reduction of fat mass growth in vivo in mice. Studies of ABCG1 in obese subjects validated its deleterious role in the context of obesity, suggesting that adipose tissue ABCG1 could be a potential therapeutic target in obese patients. Here, we discuss the potential feasibility of such strategy and provide a brief overview of critical issues to be considered.
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23
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Liu Y, Cotillard A, Vatier C, Bastard JP, Fellahi S, Stévant M, Allatif O, Langlois C, Bieuvelet S, Brochot A, Guilbot A, Clément K, Rizkalla SW. A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138646. [PMID: 26406981 PMCID: PMC4583280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing or slowing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes is a major therapeutic issue. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effects of 4-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine in moderately obese or overweight pre-diabetic subjects, the primary outcome being change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. Other parameters of plasma glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity and inflammatory markers were also assessed. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 62 subjects with a FPG level ranging from 5.55 to 7 mmol/L and a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2), unwilling to change their dietary and physical activity habits, were allocated to receive a 4-month treatment with either 1.2 g/day of the dietary supplement or placebo. Patients were followed up until 6 months post-randomization. RESULTS Four-month treatment with the dietary supplement decreased FPG compared to placebo (-0.24 ± 0.50 vs +0.12 ± 0.59 mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.02), without detectable significant changes in HbA1c. Insulin sensitivity markers, plasma insulin, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers did not differ between the treatment groups. Although there were no significant differences in changes in body weight and energy or macronutrient intakes between the two groups, fat-free mass (%) increased with the dietary supplement compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Subjects with a higher FPG level and a milder inflammatory state at baseline benefited most from the dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS Four-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreased FPG and increased fat-free mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects. These beneficial effects might open up new avenues in the prevention of diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Liu
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cotillard
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France
| | | | - Omran Allatif
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
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Augustin LSA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Willett WC, Astrup A, Barclay AW, Björck I, Brand-Miller JC, Brighenti F, Buyken AE, Ceriello A, La Vecchia C, Livesey G, Liu S, Riccardi G, Rizkalla SW, Sievenpiper JL, Trichopoulou A, Wolever TMS, Baer-Sinnott S, Poli A. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:795-815. [PMID: 26160327 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The positive and negative health effects of dietary carbohydrates are of interest to both researchers and consumers. METHODS International experts on carbohydrate research held a scientific summit in Stresa, Italy, in June 2013 to discuss controversies surrounding the utility of the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and glycemic response (GR). RESULTS The outcome was a scientific consensus statement which recognized the importance of postprandial glycemia in overall health, and the GI as a valid and reproducible method of classifying carbohydrate foods for this purpose. There was consensus that diets low in GI and GL were relevant to the prevention and management of diabetes and coronary heart disease, and probably obesity. Moderate to weak associations were observed for selected cancers. The group affirmed that diets low in GI and GL should always be considered in the context of diets otherwise understood as healthy, complementing additional ways of characterizing carbohydrate foods, such as fiber and whole grain content. Diets of low GI and GL were considered particularly important in individuals with insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes worldwide and the consistency of the scientific evidence reviewed, the expert panel confirmed an urgent need to communicate information on GI and GL to the general public and health professionals, through channels such as national dietary guidelines, food composition tables and food labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S A Augustin
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - C W C Kendall
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - D J A Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A W Barclay
- Glycemic Index Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Björck
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Brand-Miller
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Brighenti
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A E Buyken
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Ceriello
- Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Livesey
- Independent Nutrition Logic, Wymondham, UK
| | - S Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - S W Rizkalla
- Institute Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), University Pierre et Marie Curie, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University Pierre et Marie Curie and Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - T M S Wolever
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - A Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan, Italy
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Laforest S, Labrecque J, Michaud A, Cianflone K, Tchernof A. Adipocyte size as a determinant of metabolic disease and adipose tissue dysfunction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:301-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Body fat distribution, especially visceral fat accumulation, may contribute more than total fat mass per se to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Early prevention highly improves health outcomes later in life, especially when considering such cumulative conditions as atherosclerosis. However, as these processes emerge to be partly reversible, dietary and lifestyle interventions at any age and health condition are greatly beneficial. Given the worldwide abundance of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the identification and implementation of strategies for preventing or reducing the accumulation of morbid fat tissues is of great importance for preventing and regressing atherosclerosis. This review focuses on dietary strategies and specific food components that were demonstrated to alter body fat distribution and regression of atherosclerosis. Different properties of various adipose depots (superficial subcutaneous, deep subcutaneous and visceral fat depots) and their contribution to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders are briefly discussed. Visceral obesity and atherosclerosis should be approached as modifiable rather than ineluctable conditions.
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Guthrie GE, Bogue RJ. Impact of a Shared Medical Appointment Lifestyle Intervention on Weight and Lipid Parameters in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Pilot. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:300-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.933454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kong LC, Holmes BA, Cotillard A, Habi-Rachedi F, Brazeilles R, Gougis S, Gausserès N, Cani PD, Fellahi S, Bastard JP, Kennedy SP, Doré J, Ehrlich SD, Zucker JD, Rizkalla SW, Clément K. Dietary patterns differently associate with inflammation and gut microbiota in overweight and obese subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109434. [PMID: 25330000 PMCID: PMC4203727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between dietary patterns, metabolic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota are yet to be elucidated. Objectives We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in overweight and obese subjects and evaluate the different dietary patterns in relation to metabolic and inflammatory variables as well as gut microbiota. Design Dietary patterns, plasma and adipose tissue markers, and gut microbiota were evaluated in a group of 45 overweight and obese subjects (6 men and 39 women). A group of 14 lean subjects were also evaluated as a reference group. Results Three clusters of dietary patterns were identified in overweight/obese subjects. Cluster 1 had the least healthy eating behavior (highest consumption of potatoes, confectionary and sugary drinks, and the lowest consumption of fruits that was associated also with low consumption of yogurt, and water). This dietary pattern was associated with the highest LDL cholesterol, plasma soluble CD14 (p = 0.01) a marker of systemic inflammation but the lowest accumulation of CD163+ macrophages with anti-inflammatory profile in adipose tissue (p = 0.05). Cluster 3 had the healthiest eating behavior (lower consumption of confectionary and sugary drinks, and highest consumption of fruits but also yogurts and soups). Subjects in this Cluster had the lowest inflammatory markers (sCD14) and the highest anti-inflammatory adipose tissue CD163+ macrophages. Dietary intakes, insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory markers (plasma IL6) in Cluster 3 were close to those of lean subjects. Cluster 2 was in-between clusters 1 and 3 in terms of healthfulness. The 7 gut microbiota groups measured by qPCR were similar across the clusters. However, the healthiest dietary cluster had the highest microbial gene richness, as evaluated by quantitative metagenomics. Conclusion A healthier dietary pattern was associated with lower inflammatory markers as well as greater gut microbiota richness in overweight and obese subjects. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01314690
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chun Kong
- INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelie Cotillard
- INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Brazeilles
- Danone Research, RD 128, Palaiseau, France
- IT&M STATS, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gougis
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOTechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sean P. Kennedy
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Joel Doré
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Belalcazar LM, Anderson AM, Lang W, Schwenke DC, Haffner SM, Yatsuya H, Rushing J, Vitolins MZ, Reeves R, Pi-Sunyer FX, Tracy RP, Ballantyne CM. Fiber intake and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in type 2 diabetes: Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial findings at baseline and year 1. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1800-10.e2. [PMID: 25131348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is elevated in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and may contribute, independently of traditional factors, to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Fiber intake may decrease PAI-1 levels. We examined the associations of fiber intake and its changes with PAI-1 before and during an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss in 1,701 Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants with dietary, fitness, and PAI-1 data at baseline and 1 year. Look AHEAD was a randomized cardiovascular disease trial in 5,145 overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes, comparing ILI (goal of ≥7% reduction in baseline weight) with a control arm of diabetes support and education. ILI participants were encouraged to consume vegetables, fruits, and grain products low in sugar and fat. At baseline, median fiber intake was 17.9 g/day. Each 8.3 g/day higher fiber intake was associated with a 9.2% lower PAI-1 level (P=0.008); this association persisted after weight and fitness adjustments (P=0.03). Higher baseline intake of fruit (P=0.019) and high-fiber grain and cereal (P=0.029) were related to lower PAI-1 levels. Although successful in improving weight and physical fitness at 1 year, the ILI in Look AHEAD resulted in small increases in fiber intake (4.1 g/day, compared with -2.35 g/day with diabetes support and education) that were not related to PAI-1 change (P=0.34). Only 31.3% of ILI participants (39.8% of women, 19.1% of men) met daily fiber intake recommendations. Increasing fiber intake in overweight/obese individuals with diabetes interested in weight loss is challenging. Future studies evaluating changes in fiber consumption during weight loss interventions are warranted.
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Rietman A, Schwarz J, Tomé D, Kok FJ, Mensink M. High dietary protein intake, reducing or eliciting insulin resistance? Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:973-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of glycemic index on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors received considerable attention in light of the current increase in cardiometabolic disorders. We aimed to deal and identify the recently published prospective epidemiological studies as well as randomized controlled studies investigating the associations of metabolic and cardiovascular risk markers with dietary intake of carbohydrates and with measures of the induced glycemic index. The main prospective studies and meta-analysis grouping the recent prospective and clinical interventions are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, during the last few years, evidence exists that high glycemic index/glycemic load diets contribute to risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, low glycemic index/glycemic load diets were found to be effective in the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. SUMMARY The use of the low glycemic index notion in the dietary recommendations for children, adolescents and adults might play a role in the prevention, and or treatment, of metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa W Rizkalla
- aInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition(ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France bINSERM, UMRS U1166 (Eq 6) Nutriomics UPMC, Sorbonne University, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris 75006 France
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32
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Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Dietary proteins and angiogenesis. Nutrients 2014; 6:371-81. [PMID: 24445377 PMCID: PMC3916867 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both defective and persistent angiogenesis are linked to pathological situations in the adult. Compounds able to modulate angiogenesis have a potential value for the treatment of such pathologies. Several small molecules present in the diet have been shown to have modulatory effects on angiogenesis. This review presents the current state of knowledge on the potential modulatory roles of dietary proteins on angiogenesis. There is currently limited available information on the topic. Milk contains at least three proteins for which modulatory effects on angiogenesis have been previously demonstrated. On the other hand, there is some scarce information on the potential of dietary lectins, edible plant proteins and high protein diets to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain.
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Department of Molecular and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain.
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Kong LC, Wuillemin PH, Bastard JP, Sokolovska N, Gougis S, Fellahi S, Darakhshan F, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Bittar R, Doré J, Zucker JD, Clément K, Rizkalla S. Insulin resistance and inflammation predict kinetic body weight changes in response to dietary weight loss and maintenance in overweight and obese subjects by using a Bayesian network approach. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1385-94. [PMID: 24172304 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to identify obese subjects who will lose weight in response to energy restriction is an important strategy in obesity treatment. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify obese subjects who would lose weight and maintain weight loss through 6 wk of energy restriction and 6 wk of weight maintenance. DESIGN Fifty obese or overweight subjects underwent a 6-wk energy-restricted, high-protein diet followed by another 6 wk of weight maintenance. Network modeling by using combined biological, gut microbiota, and environmental factors was performed to identify predictors of weight trajectories. RESULTS On the basis of body weight trajectories, 3 subject clusters were identified. Clusters A and B lost more weight during energy restriction. During the stabilization phase, cluster A continued to lose weight, whereas cluster B remained stable. Cluster C lost less and rapidly regained weight during the stabilization period. At baseline, cluster C had the highest plasma insulin, interleukin (IL)-6, adipose tissue inflammation (HAM56+ cells), and Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus numbers in fecal samples. Weight regain after energy restriction correlated positively with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: r = 0.5, P = 0.0002) and inflammatory markers (IL-6; r = 0.43, P = 0.002) at baseline. The Bayesian network identified plasma insulin, IL-6, leukocyte number, and adipose tissue (HAM56) at baseline as predictors that were sufficient to characterize the 3 clusters. The prediction accuracy reached 75.5%. CONCLUSION The resistance to weight loss and proneness to weight regain could be predicted by the combination of high plasma insulin and inflammatory markers before dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chun Kong
- Institute of Cardiometabolisme and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, ICAN, Heart and Metabolism Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, Paris, France (LCK, J-PB, NS, SG, FD, DB-R, J-DZ, KC, and SR); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U) 872, Nutriomique, Équipe 7, Paris, France (LCK, J-PB, NS, SG, FD, DB-R, J-DZ, KC, and SR); Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, the Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France (LCK, J-PB, NS, SG, FD, DB-R, J-DZ, KC, and SR); the Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-6, Département Demonstration of Satellites enabling the Insertion of RPAS in Europe Équipe Décision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Campus Jussieu, Paris, France (P-HW); the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (J-PB and SF); Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (DB-R and RB); EA 4466, Département de Biologie Expérimentale, Métabolique et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie, the Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (DB-R and RB); U910, Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France (JD); and Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 209, France Nord, Bondy, France (J-DZ)
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Silva TR, Alves BC, Maturana MA, Spritzer PM. Healthier Dietary Pattern and Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Physically Active Postmenopausal Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 32:287-95. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.826111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature 2013; 500:585-8. [PMID: 23985875 DOI: 10.1038/nature12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1177] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex gene-environment interactions are considered important in the development of obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota can determine the efficacy of energy harvest from food and changes in dietary composition have been associated with changes in the composition of gut microbial populations. The capacity to explore microbiota composition was markedly improved by the development of metagenomic approaches, which have already allowed production of the first human gut microbial gene catalogue and stratifying individuals by their gut genomic profile into different enterotypes, but the analyses were carried out mainly in non-intervention settings. To investigate the temporal relationships between food intake, gut microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes, we conducted diet-induced weight-loss and weight-stabilization interventions in a study sample of 38 obese and 11 overweight individuals. Here we report that individuals with reduced microbial gene richness (40%) present more pronounced dys-metabolism and low-grade inflammation, as observed concomitantly in the accompanying paper. Dietary intervention improves low gene richness and clinical phenotypes, but seems to be less efficient for inflammation variables in individuals with lower gene richness. Low gene richness may therefore have predictive potential for the efficacy of intervention.
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Sun Y, Zhao G, Liu R, Zheng M, Hu Y, Wu D, Zhang L, Li P, Wen J. The identification of 14 new genes for meat quality traits in chicken using a genome-wide association study. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:458. [PMID: 23834466 PMCID: PMC3707761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat quality is an important economic trait in chickens. To identify loci and genes associated with meat quality traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of F2 populations derived from a local Chinese breed (Beijing-You chickens) and a commercial fast-growing broiler line (Cobb-Vantress). Results In the present study, 33 association signals were detected from the compressed mixed linear model (MLM) for 10 meat quality traits: dry matter in breast muscle (DMBr), dry matter in thigh muscle (DMTh), intramuscular fat content in breast muscle (IMFBr), meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, skin color L*, a* (redness) and b* values, abdominal fat weight (AbFW) and AbFW as a percentage of eviscerated weight (AbFP). Relative expressions of candidate genes identified near significant signals were compared using samples of chickens with High and Low phenotypic values. A total of 14 genes associated with IMFBr, meat color L*, AbFW, and AbFP, were differentially expressed between the High and Low phenotypic groups. These genes are, therefore, prospective candidate genes for meat quality traits: protein tyrosine kinase (TYRO3) and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) for IMFBr; collagen, type I, alpha 2 (COL1A2) for meat color L*; and RET proto-oncogene (RET), natriuretic peptide B (NPPB) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) for the abdominal fat (AbF) traits. Conclusions Based on the association signals and differential expression of nearby genes, 14 candidate loci and genes for IMFBr, meat L* and b* values, and AbF are identified. The results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying meat quality traits in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfa Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Jones JM. Concerns about Adding Glycemic Index Values for Use in the NHANES Database. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:767-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nicklas JM, Sacks FM, Smith SR, LeBoff MS, Rood JC, Bray GA, Ridker PM. Effect of dietary composition of weight loss diets on high-sensitivity c-reactive protein: the Randomized POUNDS LOST trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:681-9. [PMID: 23712970 PMCID: PMC3671388 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity are associated with increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. The purpose of this study was to determine if weight loss diets differing in fat, protein, or carbohydrate composition differentially reduce hsCRP. DESIGN AND METHODS POUNDS (preventing overweight using novel dietary strategies) LOST was a 2-year trial of overweight and obese adults randomly allocated to one of four weight loss diets with targeted percentages of energy derived from fat, protein, and carbohydrates (20, 15, 65%; 20, 25, 55%; 40, 15, 45%; 40, 25, 35%, respectively). hsCRP was measured at baseline, 6, and 24 months among 710 participants, and adiposity as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (N = 340) or abdominal computed tomography (N = 126) was correlated with hsCRP change. RESULTS At 6 months, hsCRP was reduced in all trial participants by -24.7% (Interquartile range (IQR) +7%, -50%), weight by -6.7% (IQR -3%, -11%), and waist circumference by -6.0% (IQR -3%, -10%) (all P < 0.002), with no significant differences according to dietary composition. The percent change in hsCRP at 6 and 24 months correlated modestly with change in weight, waist circumference, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA, and most lipid levels. Reductions in hsCRP persisted despite ∼ 50% regain of weight by 24 months. The percent change in hsCRP at 24 months significantly correlated with changes in total body fat (r = 0.42), total abdominal adiposity (r = 0.52), subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (r = 0.52), visceral adiposity (r = 0.47), and hepatic tissue density (r = -0.34) (all P < 0.0006). CONCLUSION Weight loss decreased hsCRP by similar magnitude, irrespective of dietary composition. Clinicians concerned about inflammation and cardiovascular risk should recommend weight loss diets most likely to succeed for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda M Nicklas
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA.
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Diabésité et maladies cardiovasculaires : nouveaux médiateurs et nouvelles cibles. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2013; 71:4-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Adechian S, Balage M, Remond D, Migné C, Quignard-Boulangé A, Marset-Baglieri A, Rousset S, Boirie Y, Gaudichon C, Dardevet D, Mosoni L. Protein feeding pattern, casein feeding, or milk-soluble protein feeding did not change the evolution of body composition during a short-term weight loss program. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E973-82. [PMID: 22895782 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00285.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that timing of protein intake, leucine content, and speed of digestion significantly affect postprandial protein utilization. Our aim was to determine if one can spare lean body mass during energy restriction by varying the quality and the timing of protein intake. Obese volunteers followed a 6-wk restricted energy diet. Four groups were compared: casein pulse, casein spread, milk-soluble protein (MSP, = whey) pulse, and MSP spread (n = 10-11 per group). In casein groups, caseins were the only protein source; it was MSP in MSP groups. Proteins were distributed in four meals per day in the proportion 8:80:4:8% in the pulse groups; it was 25:25:25:25% in the spread groups. We measured weight, body composition, nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, perception of hunger, plasma parameters, adipose tissue metabolism, and whole body protein metabolism. Volunteers lost 7.5 ± 0.4 kg of weight, 5.1 ± 0.2 kg of fat, and 2.2 ± 0.2 kg of lean mass, with no difference between groups. In adipose tissue, cell size and mRNA expression of various genes were reduced with no difference between groups. Hunger perception was also never different between groups. In the last week, due to a higher inhibition of protein degradation and despite a lower stimulation of protein synthesis, postprandial balance between whole body protein synthesis and degradation was better with caseins than with MSP. It seems likely that the positive effect of caseins on protein balance occurred only at the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Adechian
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1019, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bosse JD, Dixon BM. Dietary protein in weight management: a review proposing protein spread and change theories. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:81. [PMID: 22971730 PMCID: PMC3509388 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large volume of human clinical data supports increased dietary protein for favorable changes to body composition, but not all data are conclusive. The aim of this review is to propose two theories, "protein spread theory" and "protein change theory" in an effort to explain discrepancies in the literature. Protein spread theory proposed that there must have been a sufficient spread or % difference in g/kg/day protein intake between groups during a protein intervention to see body composition and anthropometric differences. Protein change theory postulated that for the higher protein group, there must be a sufficient change from baseline g/kg/day protein intake to during study g/kg/day protein intake to see body composition and anthropometric benefits. Fifty-one studies met inclusion criteria. In studies where a higher protein intervention was deemed successful there was, on average, a 58.4% g/kg/day between group protein intake spread versus a 38.8% g/kg/day spread in studies where a higher protein diet was no more effective than control. The average change in habitual protein intake in studies showing higher protein to be more effective than control was +28.6% compared to +4.9% when additional protein was no more effective than control. Providing a sufficient deviation from habitual intake appears to be an important factor in determining the success of additional protein in weight management interventions. A modest increase in dietary protein favorably effects body composition during weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bosse
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc, 3838 West Parkway Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT, 84120, USA.
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “hypo caloric snacks (KOT products)” and “contributes to reduce adipocyte size at the abdominal level in the context of a low‐calorie diet” pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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