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Ramalingam L, Mabry B, Menikdiwela KR, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Enhanced Metabolic Effects of Fish Oil When Combined with Vitamin D in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:474. [PMID: 38672490 PMCID: PMC11048485 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit D) and fish oil (FO) both offer unique health benefits, however, their combined effects have not been evaluated in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence, we hypothesized that vit D and FO supplementation would have additive effects in reducing obesity-associated inflammation and NAFLD. Male C57BL6 mice were split into four groups and fed a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with a low (HF; +200 IU vit D) or high dose of vitamin D (HF + D; +1000 IU vit D); combination of vit D and FO (HF-FO; +1000 IU vit D); or only FO (HF-FO; +200 IU vit D) for 12 weeks. We measured body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, and harvested epididymal fat pad and liver for gene expression analyses. Adiposity was reduced in groups supplemented with both FO and vit D. Glucose clearance was higher in FO-supplemented groups compared to mice fed HF. In adipose tissue, markers of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were comparable in groups that received vit D and FO individually in comparison to HF. However, the vit D and FO group had significantly lower fatty acid synthesis and higher oxidation compared to the other groups. Vit D and FO also significantly improved fatty acid oxidation, despite similar fatty acid synthesis among the four groups in liver. Even though we did not find additive effects of vit D and FO, our data provide evidence that FO reduces markers of obesity in the presence of adequate levels of vit D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (K.R.M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Brennan Mabry
- Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (K.R.M.)
| | - Kalhara R. Menikdiwela
- Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (K.R.M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (K.R.M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Chávez-Ortega MP, Almanza-Pérez JC, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Hong E, Velázquez-Reyes E, Romero-Nava R, Villafaña-Rauda S, Pérez-Ontiveros A, Blancas-Flores G, Huang F. Effect of Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Metabolic Modulators in Skeletal Muscle of Rats with an Obesogenic High-Fat Diet. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:222. [PMID: 38399437 PMCID: PMC10892617 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies provided evidence of the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on the cardiovascular system and inflammation. However, its possible effect on skeletal muscle is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether ω-3 PUFA reverses the dysregulation of metabolic modulators in the skeletal muscle of rats on a high-fat obesogenic diet. For this purpose, an animal model was developed using male Wistar rats with a high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequently supplemented with ω-3 PUFA. Insulin resistance was assessed, and gene and protein expression of metabolism modulators in skeletal muscle was also calculated using PCR-RT and Western blot. Our results confirmed that in HFD rats, zoometric parameters and insulin resistance were increased compared to SD rats. Furthermore, we demonstrate reduced gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and insulin signaling molecules. After ω-3 PUFA supplementation, we observed that glucose (24.34%), triglycerides (35.78%), and HOMA-IR (40.10%) were reduced, and QUICKI (12.16%) increased compared to HFD rats. Furthermore, in skeletal muscle, we detected increased gene and protein expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (ISR-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4). These findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs decrease insulin resistance of obese skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Patricia Chávez-Ortega
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 02200, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 02200, Mexico; (J.C.A.-P.); (E.V.-R.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Hong
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Elihu Velázquez-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 02200, Mexico; (J.C.A.-P.); (E.V.-R.)
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.R.-N.); (S.V.-R.)
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.R.-N.); (S.V.-R.)
| | - Alfredo Pérez-Ontiveros
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 02200, Mexico; (J.C.A.-P.); (E.V.-R.)
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
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Samrit T, Osotprasit S, Chaiwichien A, Suksomboon P, Chansap S, Athipornchai A, Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P. Cold-Pressed Sacha Inchi Oil: High in Omega-3 and Prevents Fat Accumulation in the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:220. [PMID: 38399435 PMCID: PMC10892392 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of oil supplementation to inhibit various metabolic syndromes has been recognized. However, there are currently no studies determining the effects of oil supplements on healthy conditions. Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, is a seed rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids that improves metabolic syndrome diseases, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver. However, the health benefits and effects of Sacha inchi oil (SIO) supplementation remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the chemical effects and properties of Sacha inchi oil. The results of the chemical compound analysis showed that Sacha inchi is an abundant source of ω-3 fatty acids, with a content of 44.73%, and exhibits scavenging activity of 240.53 ± 11.74 and 272.41 ± 6.95 µg Trolox/g, determined via DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, while both olive and lard oils exhibited lower scavenging activities compared with Sacha inchi. Regarding liver histology, rats given Sacha inchi supplements showed lower TG accumulation and fat droplet distribution in the liver than those given lard supplements, with fat areas of approximately 14.19 ± 6.49% and 8.15 ± 2.40%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sacha inchi oil is a plant source of ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and does not induce fatty liver and pathology in the kidney, pancreas, and spleen. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepparit Samrit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supawadee Osotprasit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Athit Chaiwichien
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Phawiya Suksomboon
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supanan Chansap
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Anan Athipornchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Pornanan Kueakhai
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
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Harris BN, Yavari M, Ramalingam L, Mounce PL, Alers Maldonado K, Chavira AC, Thomas S, Scoggin S, Biltz C, Moustaid-Moussa N. Impact of Long-Term Dietary High Fat and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Amyloidogenic APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:553-576. [PMID: 38301617 DOI: 10.1159/000536586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) alters neurocognitive and emotional function and causes dysregulation of multiple homeostatic processes. The leading AD framework pins amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles as primary drivers of dysfunction. However, many additional variables, including diet, stress, sex, age, and pain tolerance, interact in ways that are not fully understood to impact the onset and progression of AD pathophysiology. We asked: (1) does high-fat diet, compared to low-fat diet, exacerbate AD pathophysiology and behavioral decline? And, (2) can supplementation with eicosapentaenoic (EPA)-enriched fish oil prevent high-fat-diet-induced changes? METHODS Male and female APPswePSdE9 mice, and their non-transgenic littermates, were randomly assigned to a diet condition (low-fat, high-fat, high-fat with EPA) and followed from 2 to 10 months of age. We assessed baseline corticosterone concentration during aging, pain tolerance, cognitive function, stress coping, and corticosterone response to a stressor. RESULTS Transgenic mice were consistently more active than non-transgenic mice but did not perform worse on either cognitive task, even though we recently reported that these same transgenic mice exhibited metabolic changes and had increased amyloid beta. Mice fed high-fat diet had higher baseline and post-stressor corticosterone, but diet did not impact cognition or pain tolerance. Sex had the biggest influence, as female mice were consistently more active and had higher corticosterone than males. CONCLUSION Overall, diet, genotype, and sex did not have consistent impacts on outcomes. We found little support for predicted interactions and correlations, suggesting diet impacts metabolic function and amyloid beta levels, but these outcomes do not translate to changes in behaviors measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research and Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mahsa Yavari
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research and Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research and Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutritional and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - P Logan Mounce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Angela C Chavira
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Caroline Biltz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research and Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Chen YF, Fan ZK, Gao X, Zhou F, Guo XF, Sinclair AJ, Li D. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid or triacylglycerol form attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating cannabinoid receptor 1/adiponectin/ceramide pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109484. [PMID: 37866428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have shown to exert beneficial effects in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Supplements of n-3 PUFA occur in either phospholipid or triacylglycerol form. The present study aimed to compare whether the different n-3 PUFA of marine-origin, namely krill oil, DHA/EPA-phospholipid (PL), and EPA/DHA-triacylglycerol (TAG) forms had differential abilities to ameliorate NAFLD. The NAFLD model was established in mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD). The mice showed evidence of weight gain, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis after 9 weeks of HFD, while the three forms of the n-3 PUFA reduced hepatic TAG accumulation, fatty liver and improved insulin instance, and hepatic biomarkers after 9 weeks of intervention. Of these, krill oil intervention significantly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in comparison with DHA/EPA-PL and EPA/DHA-TAG groups. Importantly, only krill oil intervention significantly reduced serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase concentrations and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared with the HFD group. Supplemental n-3 PUFA lowered circulating anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) concentrations, compared with the HFD group, which was associated with down-regulating CB1 and upregulating adiponectin expressions in adipose tissue. Besides, targeted lipidomic analyses indicated that the increased adiponectin levels were accompanied by reductions in hepatic ceramide levels. The reduced ceramide levels were associated with inhibiting lipid synthesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation, finally inhibiting TAG accumulation in the liver. Through mediating CB1/adiponectin/ceramide pathway, the present study suggested that administration of krill oil had superior health effects in the therapy of NAFLD in comparison with DHA/EPA-PL and EPA/DHA-TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Chen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Kai Fan
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Qingdao University Function Center of Medical Nutrition, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao University Function Center of Medical Nutrition, Qingdao, China
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Hao L, Chen CY, Nie YH, Kaliannan K, Kang JX. Differential Interventional Effects of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatic Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17261. [PMID: 38139090 PMCID: PMC10743920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend replacing saturated fat (SFA) intake with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monosaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) but do not specify the type of PUFAs, which consist of two functionally distinct classes: omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. Given that modern Western diets are already rich in n-6 PUFAs and the risk of chronic disease remains high today, we hypothesized that increased intake of n-3 PUFAs, rather than n-6 PUFAs, would be a beneficial intervention against obesity and related liver diseases caused by high-fat diets. To test this hypothesis, we fed C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HF) for 10 weeks to induce obesity, then divided the obese mice into three groups and continued feeding for another 10 weeks with one of the following three diets: HF, HF+n-6 (substituted half of SFA with n-6 PUFAs), and HF+n-3 (substituted half of SFA with n-3 PUFAs), followed by assessment of body weight, fat mass, insulin sensitivity, hepatic pathology, and lipogenesis. Interestingly, we found that the HF+n-6 group, like the HF group, had a continuous increase in body weight and fat mass, while the HF+n-3 group had a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass, although all groups had the same calorie intake. Accordingly, insulin resistance and fatty liver pathology (steatosis and fat levels) were evident in the HF+n-6 and HF groups but barely seen in the HF+n-3 group. Furthermore, the expression of lipogenesis-related genes in the liver was upregulated in the HF+n-6 group but downregulated in the HF+n-3 group. Our findings demonstrate that n-6 PUFAs and n-3 PUFAs have differential effects on obesity and fatty liver disease and highlight the importance of increasing n-3 PUFAs and reducing n-6 PUFAs (balancing the n-6/n-3 ratio) in clinical interventions and dietary guidelines for the management of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Nie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Omega-3 and Global Health Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Fjære E, Secher Myrmel L, Rasinger JD, Bernhard A, Frøyland L, Madsen L. Refined mackerel oil increases hepatic lipid accumulation and reduces choline and choline-containing metabolites in the liver tissue in mice fed a Western diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113450. [PMID: 37803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming refined mackerel oil (MO) from rest raw material on hepatic fat accumulation, glucose tolerance, and metabolomic changes in the liver from male C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed either a Western diet (WD) or a chow diet, with 30 g or 60 g MO per kg of diet (3% or 6%) for 13 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, and feed efficiency were monitored throughout the experiment. A glucose tolerance test was conducted after 11 weeks, and metabolomic analyses of the liver were performed at termination. Inclusion of MO in the WD, but not in the chow diet, led to increased liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, elevated fasting blood glucose, reduced glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Hepatic levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid increased, but no changes in levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were observed. The liver metabolomic profile was different between mice fed a WD with or without MO, with a reduction in choline ether lipids, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins in mice fed MO. This study demonstrates that supplementing the WD, but not the chow diet, with refined MO accelerates accumulation of hepatic fat droplets and negatively affects blood glucose regulation. The detrimental effects of supplementing a WD with MO were accompanied by increased fat digestibility and overall energy intake, and lower levels of choline and choline-containing metabolites in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Megawati G, Syahruddin SS, Tjandra W, Kusumawati M, Herawati DMD, Gurnida DA, Musfiroh I. Effects of Indonesian Shortfin Eel ( Anguilla bicolor) By-Product Oil Supplementation on HOMA-IR and Lipid Profile in Obese Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3904. [PMID: 37764688 PMCID: PMC10534436 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of people being overweight and obese has increased globally over the past decades. The use of omega-3 fatty acids-a compound usually primarily found in fish oil-has been known to improve the metabolic profile of obese patients. As the demand for eels increases, the number of waste products from the eels increases and creates environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a newly discovered Indonesian Shortfin eel by-product oil supplementation on the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles of obese male (Lee index ≥ 0.3) Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The oil was extracted from waste products (heads). Fifteen obese rats were divided into three groups and were administered NaCl (C), commercial fish oil (CO), and Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil (EO). All groups had statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The CO and EO group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride after treatment. However, no significant difference was found in HDL levels and HOMA-IR. The supplementation of Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil significantly improved lipid profile while effectively mitigating environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Megawati
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Siti Shofiah Syahruddin
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Winona Tjandra
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Maya Kusumawati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dida Achmad Gurnida
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis dan Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Herzl E, Schmitt EE, Shearrer G, Keith JF. The Effects of a Western Diet vs. a High-Fiber Unprocessed Diet on Health Outcomes in Mice Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:2858. [PMID: 37447184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet influences critical periods of growth, including gestation and early development. We hypothesized that a maternal/early life diet reflecting unprocessed dietary components would positively affect offspring metabolic and anthropometric parameters. Using 9 C57BL-6 dams, we simulated exposure to a Western diet, a high-fiber unprocessed diet (HFUD), or a control diet. The dams consumed their respective diets (Western [n = 3], HFUD [n = 3], and control [n = 3]) through 3 weeks of pregnancy and 3 weeks of weaning; their offspring consumed the diet of their mother for 4.5 weeks post weaning. Measurements included dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, feed consumption, body weight, blood glucose, and insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the offspring. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis. The offspring DEXA measures at 5 and 7.5 weeks post parturition revealed higher lean body mass development in the HFUD and control diet offspring compared to the Western diet offspring. An analysis indicated that blood glucose (p = 0.001) and HbA1c concentrations (p = 0.002) were lower among the HFUD offspring compared to the Western and control offspring. The results demonstrate that diet during gestation and early life consistent with traditional diet patterns may influence hyperglycemia and adiposity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Herzl
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Grace Shearrer
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jill F Keith
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Egalini F, Guardamagna O, Gaggero G, Varaldo E, Giannone B, Beccuti G, Benso A, Broglio F. The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2672. [PMID: 37375575 PMCID: PMC10301273 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (ω-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between ω-3 and ω-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Our aim was therefore to investigate the literature on the effects of ω-3 and ω-6 FAs on glucose metabolism. We discussed emerging evidence from pre-clinical studies and from clinical trials. Notably, conflicting results emerged. Source of ω-3, sample size, ethnicity, study duration and food cooking method may be responsible for the lack of univocal results. High EPA/AA ratio seems to be a promising indicator of better glycemic control and reduced inflammation. On the other hand, linoleic acid (LA) appears to be also associated to a minor incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still not clear if the outcome is related to a reduced production of AA or to its intrinsic effect. More data derived from multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Egalini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Emanuele Varaldo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Beatrice Giannone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Andrea Benso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
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11
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Zu Y, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Jayarathne S, Andrade J, Scoggin S, Festuccia WT, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Temperature-Dependent Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in UCP1 Knockout Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108708. [PMID: 37240054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays a central role in thermogenic tissues by uncoupling cellular respiration to dissipate energy. Beige adipocytes, an inducible form of thermogenic cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), have become a major focus in obesity research. We have previously shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by activating brown fat in C57BL/6J (B6) mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C), independently of UCP1. Here, we investigated whether ambient temperature (22 °C) impacts EPA effects on SAT browning in wild-type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) male mice and dissected underlying mechanisms using a cell model. We observed resistance to diet-induced obesity in UCP1 KO mice fed HFD at ambient temperature, with significantly higher expression of UCP1-independent thermogenic markers, compared to WT mice. These markers included the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), suggesting the indispensable role of temperature in beige fat reprogramming. Surprisingly, although EPA induced thermogenic effects in SAT-derived adipocytes harvested from both KO and WT mice, EPA only increased thermogenic gene and protein expression in the SAT of UCP1 KO mice housed at ambient temperature. Collectively, our findings indicate that the thermogenic effects of EPA, which are independent of UCP1, occur in a temperature-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shasika Jayarathne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jose Andrade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - William T Festuccia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Yavari M, Ramalingam L, Harris BN, Kahathuduwa CN, Chavira A, Biltz C, Mounce L, Maldonado KA, Scoggin S, Zu Y, Kalupahana NS, Yosofvand M, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects against Metabolic Impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Nutr 2023; 153:1038-1051. [PMID: 36781072 PMCID: PMC10273166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Systemic inflammation and obesity may exacerbate AD pathogenesis. We previously reported anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects of EPA in mice. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether EPA reduces obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions and Aβ accumulation in AD amyloidogenic mice. METHODS Two-mo-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (TG) mice and non-TG littermates were randomly assigned to low fat (LF; 10% kcal fat), high fat (HF; 45% kcal fat), or EPA (36 g/kg)-supplemented HF diets. Body composition, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure were measured, and serum and brain metabolic markers were tested 38 wk postintervention. Outcomes were statistically analyzed via 3-factor ANOVA, modeling genotype, sex, and diet interactions. RESULTS HF-fed males gained more weight than females (Δ = 61 mg; P < 0.001). Compared with LF, HF increased body weights of wild-type (WT) males (Δ = 31 mg; P < 0.001). EPA reduced HF-induced weight gain in WT males (Δ = 24 mg; P = 0.054) but not in females. HF mice showed decreased glucose clearance and respiratory energy compared with LF-fed groups (Δ = -1.31 g/dL; P < 0.001), with no significant effects of EPA. However, EPA conferred metabolic improvements by decreasing serum leptin and insulin (Δ = -2.51 g/mL and Δ = -0.694 ng/mL, respectively compared with HF, P ≤ 0.05) and increasing adiponectin (Δ = 21.6 ng/mL; P < 0.001). As we expected, TG mice expressed higher serum and brain Aβ than WT mice (Δ = 0.131 ng/mL; P < 0.001 and Δ = 0.56%; P < 0.01, respectively), and EPA reduced serum Aβ1-40 in TG males compared with HF (Δ = 0.053 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report that EPA reduces serum Aβ1-40 in obese AD male mice, warranting further investigations into tissue-specific mechanisms of EPA in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chanaka Nadeeshan Kahathuduwa
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Laboratory Science and Primary Care, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Angela Chavira
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Biltz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Logan Mounce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohammad Yosofvand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Kra G, Daddam JR, Moallem U, Kamer H, Mualem B, Levin Y, Kočvarová R, Nemirovski A, Contreras AG, Tam J, Zachut M. Alpha-linolenic acid modulates systemic and adipose tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and the endocannabinoid system in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5280. [PMID: 37002295 PMCID: PMC10066235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are often linked to alterations in insulin signaling. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids modulate immunometabolic responses; thus, we examined the effects of peripartum n-3 on systemic and adipose tissue (AT)-specific insulin sensitivity, immune function, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in dairy cows. Cows were supplemented peripartum with saturated fat (CTL) or flaxseed supplement rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Blood immunometabolic biomarkers were examined, and at 5-8 d postpartum (PP), an intravenous glucose-tolerance-test (GTT) and AT biopsies were performed. Insulin sensitivity in AT was assessed by phosphoproteomics and proteomics. Peripartum n-3 reduced the plasma concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17α, lowered the percentage of white blood cells PP, and reduced inflammatory proteins in AT. Systemic insulin sensitivity was higher in ALA than in CTL. In AT, the top canonical pathways, according to the differential phosphoproteome in ALA, were protein-kinase-A signaling and insulin-receptor signaling; network analysis and immunoblots validated the lower phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), and lower abundance of insulin receptor, together suggesting reduced insulin sensitivity in ALA AT. The n-3 reduced the plasma concentrations of ECS-associated ligands, and lowered the abundances of cannabinoid-1-receptor and monoglycerol-lipase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells PP. Peripartum ALA supplementation in dairy cows improved systemic insulin sensitivity and immune function, reduced ECS components, and had tissue-specific effects on insulin-sensitivity in AT, possibly counter-balancing the systemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Hadar Kamer
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Batel Mualem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Radka Kočvarová
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andres G Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel.
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Can Growth of Nannochloropsis oculata under Modulated Stress Enhance Its Lipid-Associated Biological Properties? Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120737. [PMID: 36547884 PMCID: PMC9782458 DOI: 10.3390/md20120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oculata is well-recognized as a potential microalgal source of valuable compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The content and profile of these lipids is highly dependent on the growth conditions and can, therefore, be tailored through modulation of the growth parameters, specifically, temperature. Moreover, biological activities are composition dependent. In the present work, lipid extracts obtained from N. oculata, grown under constant temperature and under modulated temperature stress (to increase EPA content; Str) were characterized by GC-FID and several bioactivities were evaluated, namely, antioxidant (L-ORACFL), cytotoxic (MTT), adipolytic, anti-hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis), and anti-inflammatory properties. Both extracts exhibited antioxidant activity (c.a. 49 µmol Troloxequivalent/mgextract) and the absence of toxicity (up to 800 µg/mL) toward colon and hepatic cells, adipocytes, and macrophages. They also induced adipolysis and the inhibition of triglycerides hepatic accumulation, with a higher impact from Str. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation of macrophages in the presence of either extract, since lower levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and interferon-β were obtained, specifically by Str. The results presented herein revealed that modulated temperature stress may enhance the health effects of N. oculata lipid extracts, which may be safely utilized to formulate novel food products.
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15
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Yu EYW, Ren Z, Mehrkanoon S, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Eussen SJPM, Zeegers MP, Wesselius A. Plasma metabolomic profiling of dietary patterns associated with glucose metabolism status: The Maastricht Study. BMC Med 2022; 20:450. [PMID: 36414942 PMCID: PMC9682653 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose metabolism has been reported to be affected by dietary patterns, while the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential mediation role of circulating metabolites in relation to dietary patterns for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Data was derived from The Maastricht Study that comprised of 3441 participants (mean age of 60 years) with 28% type 2 diabetes patients by design. Dietary patterns were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the glucose metabolism status (GMS) was defined according to WHO guidelines. Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses were performed for the circulating metabolome to investigate their associations and mediations with responses to dietary patterns and GMS. RESULTS Among 226 eligible metabolite measures obtained from targeted metabolomics, 14 were identified to be associated and mediated with three dietary patterns (i.e. Mediterranean Diet (MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet (DASH), and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD)) and overall GMS. Of these, the mediation effects of 5 metabolite measures were consistent for all three dietary patterns and GMS. Based on a 7-year follow-up, a decreased risk for apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.55, 0.65; RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83, 0.97, respectively) but an increased risk for ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05, 1.43) of type 2 diabetes were observed from prediabetes, while APOA1 showed a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes from normal glucose metabolism (NGM; RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggests that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (i.e. MED, DASH, or DHD) could affect the GMS through circulating metabolites, which provides novel insights into understanding the biological mechanisms of diet on glucose metabolism and leads to facilitating prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhewen Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229HX, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229HX, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.564), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands. .,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.564), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
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Long-term effects of adolescent exposure to olanzapine in C57BL/6 J mice and the impact of dietary fish oil supplementation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3117-3131. [PMID: 35896725 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications can produce abnormal weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in children, but little is known about the post-treatment consequences of adolescent SGA exposure. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the long-term, post-treatment effects of adolescent olanzapine exposure on weight and metabolic function and whether dietary fish oil (FO) modulated any observed effects of olanzapine. METHODS Male and female mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar (HF-HS) diet or an HF-HS diet supplemented with fish oil (HF-HS-FO) and were treated with olanzapine or vehicle for 29 days beginning on postnatal day 37. RESULTS In male mice, adolescent olanzapine treatment suppressed weight gain during and after treatment and improved metabolic function in adulthood; dietary fish oil reduced weight gain, increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes, and decreased expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and inflammation. In contrast, few effects were observed in female mice. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that adolescent olanzapine exposure can produce long-term alterations in weight and metabolic function in male mice and that dietary fish oil can reduce adverse effects of lifelong consumption of an HF-HS diet. Because expected adverse effects of adolescent olanzapine treatment were not observed, the potential beneficial effects of dietary fish oil for SGA-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction could not be evaluated.
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L-Arginine increases AMPK phosphorylation and the oxidation of energy substrates in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1553-1568. [PMID: 35972552 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary L-arginine (Arg) supplementation reduced white fat mass in obese rats. The present study was conducted with cell models to define direct effects of Arg on energy-substrate oxidation in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. BNL CL.2 mouse hepatocytes, C2C12 mouse myotubes, and 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes were treated with different extracellular concentrations of Arg (0, 15, 50, 100 and 400 µM) or 400 µM Arg + 0.5 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; an NOS inhibitor) for 48 h. Increasing Arg concentrations in culture medium dose-dependently enhanced (P < 0.05) the oxidation of glucose and oleic acid to CO2 in all three cell types, lactate release from C2C12 cells, and the incorporation of oleic acid into esterified lipids in BNL CL.2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Arg at 400 µM also stimulated (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in all three cell types and increased (P < 0.05) NO production in C2C12 and BNL CL.2 cells. The inhibition of NOS by L-NAME moderately reduced (P < 0.05) glucose and oleic acid oxidation, lactate release, and the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in BNL CL.2 cells, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these variables in C2C12 or 3T3-L1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that Arg increased AMPK activity and energy-substrate oxidation in BNL CL.2, C2C12, and 3T3-L1 cells through both NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms.
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Ruscica M, Sirtori CR, Carugo S, Calder PC, Corsini A. OMEGA-3 AND CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION – IS THIS STILL A CHOICE? Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mandala A, Dobrinskikh E, Janssen RC, Fiehn O, D’Alessandro A, Friedman JE, Jonscher KR. Maternal Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Supplementation Improves Offspring Liver Bioactive Lipid Profiles throughout the Lifespan and Protects against the Development of Adult NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116043. [PMID: 35682720 PMCID: PMC9181499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet significantly elevate risk for pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting 10% of children in the US. Almost half of these children are diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a leading etiology for liver transplant. Animal models show that signs of liver injury and perturbed lipid metabolism associated with NAFLD begin in utero; however, safe dietary therapeutics to blunt developmental programming of NAFLD are unavailable. Using a mouse model of maternal Western-style diet (WD), we previously showed that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a potent dietary antioxidant, protected offspring of WD-fed dams from development of NAFLD and NASH. Here, we used untargeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to delineate lipotoxic effects of WD on offspring liver and identify lipid targets of PQQ. PQQ exposure during pregnancy altered hepatic lipid profiles of WD-exposed offspring, upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α signaling and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to markedly attenuate triglyceride accumulation beginning in utero. Surprisingly, the abundance of very long-chain ceramides, important in promoting gut barrier and hepatic function, was significantly elevated in PQQ-treated offspring. PQQ exposure reduced the hepatic phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) ratio in WD-fed offspring and improved glucose tolerance. Notably, levels of protective n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were elevated in offspring exposed to PQQ, beginning in utero, and the increase in n − 3 PUFAs persisted into adulthood. Our findings suggest that PQQ supplementation during gestation and lactation augments pathways involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids and plays a unique role in modifying specific bioactive lipid species critical for protection against NAFLD risk in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mandala
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karen R. Jonscher
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-8001 (ext. 35506)
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The Influence of Maternal Aerobic Exercise, Blood DHA and EPA Concentrations on Maternal Lipid Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063550. [PMID: 35329235 PMCID: PMC8949039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation independently improve lipid profiles. The influence of both exercise and PUFAs on lipids during pregnancy remains unknown. This study evaluated exercise, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations on lipids during pregnancy. Participants were randomized to aerobic exercise or control groups. From 16 weeks gestation until delivery, groups met 3x/week; exercisers performed moderate-intensity aerobic activity, controls performed low-intensity stretching and breathing. At 16 and 36 weeks’ gestation, maternal blood was analyzed for lipids (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG)), DHA and EPA. In intent-to-treat analysis, the aerobic group (n = 20), relative to controls (n = 10), exhibited a higher HDL change across gestation (p = 0.03). In a per protocol analysis, the aerobic group, relative to controls, exhibited 21.2% lower TG at 36 weeks (p = 0.04). After controlling for 36-week DHA and EPA, exercise dose predicts 36 weeks’ TG (F (1,36) = 6.977, p = 0.012, r2 = 0.16). Aerobic exercise normalizes late pregnancy TG. During pregnancy, exercise dose controls the rise in TG, therefore maintaining normal levels. DHA and EPA do not have measurable effects on lipids. Regardless of PUFA levels, exercise at recommended levels maintains appropriate TG levels in pregnant women. Normal TG levels are critical for pregnancy outcomes, and further studies are warranted to investigate this association in broader populations.
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Guo XF, Wang C, Yang T, Ma WJ, Zhai J, Zhao T, Xu TC, Li J, Liu H, Sinclair AJ, Li D. Concentrated fish oil ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating FGF21-adiponectin axis. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abbas MM, Soto P, Ramalingam L, El-Manzalawy Y, Bensmail H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex Differences in Fish Oil and Olanzapine Effects on Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:349. [PMID: 35057526 PMCID: PMC8780445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are prescribed second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications, such as olanzapine (OLZ) for FDA-approved and "off-label" indications. The long-term impact of early-life SGA medication exposure is unclear. Olanzapine and other SGA medications are known to cause excessive weight gain in young and adult patients, suggesting the possibility of long-term complications associated with the use of these drugs, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Further, the weight gain effects of OLZ have previously been shown to depend on the presence of gut bacteria and treatment with OLZ, which shifts gut bacteria toward an "obesogenic" profile. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate changes in gut bacteria in adult mice following early life treatment with OLZ and being fed either a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with fish oil, which has previously been shown to counteract gut dysbiosis, weight gain, and inflammation produced by a high-fat diet. Female and male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high fat diet without (HF) or with the supplementation of fish oil (HF-FO) and treated with OLZ from postnatal day (PND) 37-65 resulting in four groups of mice: mice fed a HF diet and treated with OLZ (HF-OLZ), mice fed a HF diet and treated with vehicle (HF), mice fed a HF-FO diet and treated with OLZ (HF-FO-OLZ), and mice fed a HF-FO diet and treated with vehicle (HF-FO). Following euthanasia at approximately 164 days of age, we determined changes in gut bacteria populations and serum LPS binding protein, an established marker of gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Our results showed that male HF-FO and HF-FO-OLZ mice had lower body weights, at sacrifice, compared to the HF group, with a comparable body weight across groups in female mice. HF-FO and HF-FO-OLZ male groups also exhibited lower serum LPS binding protein levels compared to the HF group, with no differences across groups in female mice. Gut microbiota profiles were also different among the four groups; the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes (B/F) ratio had the lowest value of 0.51 in the HF group compared to 0.6 in HF-OLZ, 0.9 in HF-FO, and 1.1 in HF-FO-OLZ, with no differences in female mice. In conclusion, FO reduced dietary obesity and its associated inflammation and increased the B/F ratio in male mice but did not benefit the female mice. Although the weight lowering effects of OLZ were unexpected, FO effects persisted in the presence of olanzapine, demonstrating its potential protective effects in male subjects using antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Abbas
- Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (M.M.A.); (Y.E.-M.)
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yasser El-Manzalawy
- Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (M.M.A.); (Y.E.-M.)
| | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
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Beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on the metabolic profile of obese female mice entails upregulation of HEPEs and increased abundance of enteric Akkermansia muciniphila. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159059. [PMID: 34619367 PMCID: PMC8627244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters are of interest given their clinical approval for lowering circulating triglycerides and cardiometabolic disease risk. EPA ethyl esters prevent metabolic complications driven by a high fat diet in male mice; however, their impact on female mice is less studied. Herein, we first investigated how EPA influences the metabolic profile of female C57BL/6J mice consuming a high fat diet. EPA lowered murine fat mass accumulation, potentially through increased biosynthesis of 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), as revealed by mass spectrometry and cell culture studies. EPA also reversed the effects of a high fat diet on circulating levels of insulin, glucose, and select inflammatory/metabolic markers. Next, we studied if the improved metabolic profile of obese mice consuming EPA was associated with a reduction in the abundance of key gut Gram-negative bacteria that contribute toward impaired glucose metabolism. Using fecal 16S-ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we found EPA restructured the gut microbiota in a time-dependent manner but did not lower the levels of key Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, EPA robustly increased the abundance of the Gram-negative Akkermansia muciniphila, which controls glucose homeostasis. Finally, predictive functional profiling of microbial communities revealed EPA-mediated reversal of high fat diet-associated changes in a wide range of genes related to pathways such as Th-17 cell differentiation and PI3K-Akt signaling. Collectively, these results show that EPA ethyl esters prevent some of the deleterious effects of a high fat diet in female mice, which may be mediated mechanistically through 8-HEPE and the upregulation of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila.
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Adipose Tissue Dysfunctions in Response to an Obesogenic Diet Are Reduced in Mice after Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120838. [PMID: 34940596 PMCID: PMC8706165 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by profound alterations in adipose tissue (AT) biology, leading to whole body metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. These alterations are related to the development of a local inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and dysregulation in energy homeostasis, notably in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) have been described to possess beneficial effects against obesity-related disorders, including in the AT; however, the long-term effect across generations remains unknown. The current study was conducted to identify if supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) for three generations could protect from the consequences of an obesogenic diet in VAT. Young mice from the third generation of a lineage receiving a daily supplementation (1% of the diet) with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or an isocaloric amount of sunflower oil, were fed a high-fat, high-sugar content diet for 4 months. We explore the transcriptomic adaptations in each lineage using DNA microarray in VAT and bioinformatic exploration of biological regulations using online databases. Transgenerational intake of EPA led to a reduced activation of inflammatory processes, perturbation in metabolic homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial functions in response to the obesogenic diet as compared to control mice from a control lineage. This suggests that the continuous intake of long chain n-3 PUFA could be preventive in situations of oversupply of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
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Khalili L, Valdes-Ramos R, Harbige LS. Effect of n-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110742. [PMID: 34822400 PMCID: PMC8620218 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been reported. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the effects of n-3 supplementation on metabolic factors, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). Online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched until 2021 to identify eligible articles. Thirty trials were included. The results showed that n-3 consumption can significantly reduce glycemic factors including fasting blood sugar (FBS) (−0.36 (−0.71 to −0.01)), glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) (−0.74 (−1.13 to −0.35)), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (−0.58 (−1.13 to −0.03)). Furthermore, significant improvement in lipid profile including triglycerides (TG) (−0.27 (−0.37 to −0.18)), total cholesterol (−0.60 (−0.88 to −0.32)), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.54 (−0.85 to −0.23)), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.60 (0.23 to 0.96)) levels were found in the present meta-analysis. The reduction in the inflammatory marker’s tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (−0.13 (−0.75 to 0.48)) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (−0.72 (−1.70 to 0.27)), as well as weight (−0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07)) and BMI (−0.13 (−0.29 to 0.02)) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the optimal dose and duration of n-3 consumption for patients with T2DM is 1000–2000 mg/d for more than 8 weeks. The present meta-analysis and review reveals that n-3 supplementation can improve glycemic factors and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, n-3 supplementation may provide beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and body weight if used at the appropriate dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.S.H.)
| | - Roxana Valdes-Ramos
- Lider del Cuerpo Academico de Nutricion y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Paseo Tollocan, esq. Jesus Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 52180, Mexico;
| | - Laurence S. Harbige
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.S.H.)
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Albracht-Schulte K, Wilson S, Johnson P, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Goonapienuwala B, Kalupahana NS, Festuccia WT, Scoggin S, Kahathuduwa CN, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex-Dependent Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Hepatic Steatosis in UCP1 Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1549. [PMID: 34829779 PMCID: PMC8615653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity may be a driving factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Previous studies have shown that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), ameliorates obesity in high-fat (HF) fed male, C57Bl/6 mice at thermoneutral conditions, independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Our goals herein were to investigate sex-dependent mechanisms of EPA in the livers of wild type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) male and female mice fed a HF diet (45% kcal fat; WT-HF, KO-HF) with or without supplementation of 36 g/kg EPA (WT-EPA, KO-EPA). KO significantly increased body weight in males, with no significant reductions with EPA in the WT or KO groups. In females, there were no significant differences in body weight among KO groups and no effects of EPA. In males, liver TGs were significantly higher in the KO-HF group and reduced with EPA, which was not observed in females. Accordingly, gene and protein markers of mitochondrial oxidation, peroxisomal biogenesis and oxidation, as well as metabolic futile cycles were sex-dependently impacted by KO and EPA supplementation. These findings suggest a genotypic difference in response to dietary EPA supplementation on the livers of male and female mice with diet-induced obesity and housed at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Savanna Wilson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Paige Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Bimba Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Nishan S. Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Chanaka N. Kahathuduwa
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
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Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela KR, Spainhour S, Eboh T, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex Differences in Early Programming by Maternal High Fat Diet Induced-Obesity and Fish Oil Supplementation in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3703. [PMID: 34835957 PMCID: PMC8625698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy obesity is a contributing factor for impairments in offspring metabolic health. Interventional strategies during pregnancy are a potential approach to alleviate and/or prevent obesity and obesity related metabolic alterations in the offspring. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exerts metabolic health benefits. However, the role of FO in early life remains still unknown. Hence, this study objective was to determine the effect of FO supplementation in mice from pre-pregnancy through lactation, and to study the post-natal metabolic health effects in gonadal fat and liver of offspring fed high fat (HF) diet with or without FO. Female C57BL6J mice aged 4-5 weeks were fed a HF (45% fat) diet supplemented with or without FO (30 g/kg of diet) and low fat (LF; 10% fat) pre-pregnancy through lactation. After weaning, offspring (male and female) from HF or FO dams either continued the same diet (HF-HF and FO-FO) or switched to the other diet (HF-FO and FO-HF) for 13 weeks, creating four groups of treatment, and LF-LF was used as a control group. Serum, gonadal fat and liver tissue were collected at termination for metabolic analyses. Offspring of both sexes fed HF with or without fish oil gained (p < 0.05) more weight post weaning, compared to LF-LF-fed mice. All the female offspring groups supplemented with FO had reduced body weight compared to the respective male groups. Further, FO-FO supplementation in both sexes (p < 0.05) improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity compared to HF-HF. All FO-FO fed mice had significantly reduced adipocyte size compared to HF-HF group in both male and females. Inflammation, measured by mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp1), was reduced (p < 0.05) with FO supplementation in both sexes in gonadal fat and in the liver. Markers of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (Fasn) showed no sex specific differences in gonadal fat and liver of mice supplemented with HF. Female mice had lower liver triglycerides than male counterparts. Supplementation of FO in mice improved metabolic health of offspring by lowering markers of lipid synthesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kalhara R. Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Stephani Spainhour
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Tochi Eboh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
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Takeshita Y, Teramura C, Kamoshita K, Takayama H, Nakagawa H, Enyama Y, Ishii KA, Tanaka T, Goto H, Nakano Y, Osada S, Tanaka Y, Tokuyama K, Takamura T. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on serum levels of selenoprotein P and organ-specific insulin sensitivity in humans with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:532-542. [PMID: 34670012 PMCID: PMC8902388 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by SELENOP in humans) is a hepatokine that causes insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle. It was found that polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) downregulates Selenop expression by inactivating SREBP‐1c. The present study aimed to examine the effect of EPA for 12 weeks on circulating SeP levels and insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 20 participants with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an EPA (900 mg, twice daily) group and a control group. The primary endpoint was a change in serum SeP levels. Organ‐specific insulin sensitivity in the liver (HGP and %HGP), skeletal muscle (Rd), and adipose tissue (FFA and %FFA) were assessed using a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp study with stable isotope‐labeled glucose infusion. Results Serum SeP levels were not changed in either group at the end of the study. In the EPA group, the changes in SeP levels were positively correlated with the change in serum EPA levels (r = 0.709, P = 0.022). Treatment with EPA significantly enhanced %FFA but not %HGP and Rd. The change in serum EPA levels was significantly positively correlated with the change in %HGP, and negatively correlated with changes in Rd. Conclusions The change in serum EPA levels was positively correlated with serum SeP levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and negatively with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes. The EPA‐induced enhancement of hepatic insulin sensitivity might be associated with a mechanism independent of serum SeP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Teramura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kamoshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Enyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisanori Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachie Osada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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29
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Ma F, Luo L, Gao X. Metabolite and transcriptome analyses revealed the modulation of fructo-oligosaccharide on ileum metabolism of Taiping chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2249-2261. [PMID: 34608718 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The metabolic markers and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) were screened, and the response of FOS to the ileum metabolic pathway of Taiping chickens was analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS Prebiotic are widely used in agricultural breeding for care and maintenance of animal health, especially FOS. Metabonomics evaluation of ileum of Taiping chicken ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry showed that 93 differentially altered metabolites were identified and divided into eight categories, of which organic acids and derivatives was the most important one. Transcriptomic analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in drug metabolism-cytochrome p450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome p450, retinol metabolism and fat digestion and absorption. Integrated analysis of metabolite profiles and gene expression revealed that the significantly up-regulated GSTT1 was significantly correlated with most of the different lipid metabolites, suggesting that GSTT1 may play an important role in FOS regulation of lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that supplementation of FOS can have a positive effect on gut metabolites, which may contribute to the overall health with indigenous chickens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Insight into the responses of intestinal prebiotics of Taiping chicken is helpful to understand the role of prebiotics in maintaining intestinal microflora balance and improving immune response and productivity of poultry from the molecular and metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
| | - Lintong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
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30
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Islam T, Koboziev I, Albracht-Schulte K, Mistretta B, Scoggin S, Yosofvand M, Moussa H, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Ramalingam L, Gunaratne PH, Moustaid-Moussa N. Curcumin Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Alters Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100274. [PMID: 34510720 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce obesity-associated inflammation are poorly understood; thus, it is hypothesized that benefits of curcumin consumption may occur through reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and/or beneficial changes in gut bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Male B6 mice are fed high-fat diets (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with 0.4% (w/w) curcumin (HFC) for 14 weeks. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces adiposity and total macrophage infiltration in WAT, compared to HFD group, consistent with reduced mRNA levels of M1 (Cd80, Cd38, Cd11c) and M2 (Arginase-1) macrophage markers. Moreover, curcumin supplementation reduces expression of other key pro-inflammatory genes, such as NF-κB p65 subunit (p65), Stat1, Tlr4, and Il6, in WAT (p < 0.05). Using microbial 16S RNA sequencing, it is demonstrated that the relative abundance of the Lactococcus, Parasutterella, and Turicibacter genera are increased in the HFC group versus HFD. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin exerts protective metabolic effects in dietary obesity, in part through downregulation of adipose tissue inflammation, which may be mediated by alterations in composition of gut microbiota, and metabolism of curcumin into curcumin-O-glucuronide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariful Islam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Iurii Koboziev
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Mistretta
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Yosofvand
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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31
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Zhuang P, Li H, Jia W, Shou Q, Zhu Y, Mao L, Wang W, Wu F, Chen X, Wan X, Wu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Zhu F, He L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids attenuate hyperglycemia through the microbiome-gut-organs axis in db/db mice. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:185. [PMID: 34507608 PMCID: PMC8434703 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been suggested to prevent the development of metabolic disorders. However, their individual role in treating hyperglycemia and the mechanism of action regarding gut microbiome and metabolome in the context of diabetes remain unclear. RESULTS Supplementation of DHA and EPA attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance without changing body weight in db/db mice while the ameliorative effect appeared to be more pronounced for EPA. DHA/EPA supplementation reduced the abundance of the lipopolysaccharide-containing Enterobacteriaceae whereas elevated the family Coriobacteriaceae negatively correlated with glutamate level, genera Barnesiella and Clostridium XlVa associated with bile acids production, beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and SCFA-producing species. The gut microbiome alterations co-occurred with the shifts in the metabolome, including glutamate, bile acids, propionic/butyric acid, and lipopolysaccharide, which subsequently relieved β cell apoptosis, suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis, and promoted GLP-1 secretion, white adipose beiging, and insulin signaling. All these changes appeared to be more evident for EPA. Furthermore, transplantation with DHA/EPA-mediated gut microbiota mimicked the ameliorative effect of DHA/EPA on glucose homeostasis in db/db mice, together with similar changes in gut metabolites. In vitro, DHA/EPA treatment directly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (Family Enterobacteriaceae) while promoted Coriobacterium glomerans (Family Coriobacteriaceae), demonstrating a causal effect of DHA/EPA on featured gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS DHA and EPA dramatically attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice, which was mediated by alterations in gut microbiome and metabolites linking gut to adipose, liver and pancreas. These findings shed light into the gut-organs axis as a promising target for restoring glucose homeostasis and also suggest a better therapeutic effect of EPA for treating diabetes. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya'er Zhu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lilin He
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Al Rijjal D, Liu Y, Lai M, Song Y, Danaei Z, Wu A, Mohan H, Wei L, Schopfer FJ, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Vascepa protects against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired β-cell function. iScience 2021; 24:102909. [PMID: 34458694 PMCID: PMC8379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid prescription drugs, Vascepa (≥96% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] ethyl ester) and Lovaza (46.5% EPA and 37.5% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester) are known therapeutic regimens to treat hypertriglyceridemia. However, their impact on glucose homeostasis, progression to type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic beta cell function are not well understood. In the present study, mice were treated with Vascepa or Lovaza for one week prior to six weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Vascepa but not Lovaza led to reduced insulin resistance, reduced fasting insulin and glucose, and improved glucose intolerance. Vascepa improved beta cell function, reduced liver triglycerides with enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation genes, and altered microbiota composition. Vascepa has protective effects on diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Rijjal
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Youchen Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Feihan F. Dai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B. Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
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33
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Miller EK, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Scoggin S, Moustaid-Moussa N. Uncoupling protein 1-independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in brown adipose tissue of diet-induced obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108819. [PMID: 34271101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure through its thermogenic function, making its activation a popular target to reduce obesity. We recently reported that male mice housed at thermoneutrality with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) deficiency had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance, but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ameliorated these effects. Whether female mice respond similarly to lack of UCP1 and to EPA remains unknown. We hypothesize that the effects of EPA on BAT activation are independent of UCP1 expression. We used female wild type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) as an obesogenic environment and fed them high fat (HF) diets with or without EPA for up to 14 weeks. Body weight (BW), body composition, and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed during the feeding trial. At termination, serum and BAT were harvested for further analyses. Mice in the KO-EPA group had significantly lower BW than KO-HF mice. In addition, KO-HF mice displayed significantly impaired glucose tolerance compared to their WT-HF littermates. However, EPA significantly enhanced glucose clearance in the KO mice compared to KO-HF mice. Protein levels of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunits I, II, and IV were significantly lower in KO mice compared to WT. Our findings support that ablation of UCP1 is detrimental to energy metabolism of female mice in thermoneutral conditions. However, unexpectedly, EPA's protective effects against diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in these mice were independent of UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York ,13210
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
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Tokunaga Y, Yoshizaki H, Toriumi A, Kawaharada R, Ishida C, Hori M, Nakamura A. Effects of omega-7 palmitoleic acids on skeletal muscle differentiation in a hyperglycemic condition. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1369-1377. [PMID: 34248106 PMCID: PMC8498828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and diabetes are known to be involved in fetal myogenesis, but the later stages of myogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of a
hyperglycemic environment on L6 skeletal myoblast differentiation and the function of omega-7 palmitoleic acids. Exposure to a high concentration of glucose (25 mM) in high-glucose culture
medium (HG) increased the expression of myogenic genes (MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, Myhc2x, and Myhc2a) and the
synthesis of myosin. HG also activated the PI3K/AKT pathway revealed muscle cell differentiation. Furthermore, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an inflammatory cytokine
(Tnfaip3; tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3), which are crucial for the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle, were increased by HG. Palmitoleic acids
suppressed the expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes and increased the expression level of a cell proliferation-related gene (Pax3). Trans-palmitoleic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid (TPA and EPA) increased the phosphorylation level of MAPK/ERK1/2 and downregulated ROS generation and Tnfaip3 expression. In contrast, cis-palmitoleic
acid inactivated MAPK/ERK1/2, leading to increased ROS generation. In conclusion, a hyperglycemic environment mediated by HG induced excessive muscle differentiation. Palmitoleic acids
inhibited myoblast differentiation by downregulating muscle-specific genes. Moreover, trans-palmitoleic acids may have beneficial antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yoshizaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan
| | - Akiyo Toriumi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, National University Corporation Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kawaharada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Chisato Ishida
- Department of Nutrition, Japanese Haramachi Red Cross Hospital, 698 Haramachi, Agatsumagun, Higashiagatsuma-machi, Gunma 377-0801, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan
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35
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Li LY, Wang X, Zhang TC, Liu ZJ, Gao JQ. Cardioprotective effects of omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil and it enhances autoimmunity in porcine cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis in the rat model. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:407-415. [PMID: 34049426 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This experiment proposed to investigate the efficiency of omega 3 fatty acids from fish that improves autoimmune against myocarditis in the rat. Fish oil was extracted from fresh Tuna fish and performed FAME analysis and mice bioassay. The autoimmune myocarditis was induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine cardiac myosin (PCM) into the footpads of rats on the first and seventh day. Rats were dissected on the 21st day to analyze the histopathological, hemodynamic, echocardiographic factors, and immunohistochemistry expressions. In the study, 73.90% of total fatty acids were recorded. Histological analysis revealed that omega 3 fatty acids administrated groups showed tremendous development in the multifocal myocardia hyaline degeneration and necrosis with inflammatory changes. Moreover, omega 3 fatty acids inhabited the expressions of inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8 and CD11b) and suppressed the level of NF-κB. The echocardiographic factors such as heartbeat, SBP, DBP, levels of LVDs, LVDd, LVPW percentage of LVFS, EF, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, IL-2, and IL-6) also significantly suppressed by omega 3 fatty acids. Hence, the present study proved that consuming fatty acid-enriched fish might be a successful therapy for improving the inflammatory profile, regenerates the heart tissues, and controlled the production of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Chuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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36
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A New Zealand green-lipped mussel oil-enriched high-fat diet exhibits beneficial effects on body weight and metabolism in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:972-982. [PMID: 32594917 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To induce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents, diets high in saturated fat and/or carbohydrates are commonly used. In the laboratory, standardised diets evolved over time without paying particular attention to the effect of fat composition on metabolic alterations. In the present study, customised high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with a combination of lard and different concentrations of New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) oil or MSC Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae, blue grenadier) liver oil, important sources of n-3 PUFA, in comparison with a solely lard-based diet, were fed to lean and DIO male C57BL/6 mice and their effects on metabolic parameters were monitored. Intriguingly, an isoenergetic HFD containing 63 % of total fat in the form of mussel oil and only 28 % in the form of lard attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain after 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. Consistently, changing a lard-enriched HFD to the mussel oil diet reduced body weight markedly even after mice had been exposed to the former diet for 10 months. The weight-reducing effect of the diet was not caused by altered energy intake or expenditure, but was associated with reduced visceral fat mass. Collectively, these data suggest a novel weight-reducing potential of green-lipped mussel oil.
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37
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Goupille C, Ouldamer L, Pinault M, Guimares C, Arbion F, Jourdan ML, Frank PG. Identification of a Positive Association between Mammary Adipose Cholesterol Content and Indicators of Breast Cancer Aggressiveness in a French Population. J Nutr 2021; 151:1119-1127. [PMID: 33831951 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have recently highlighted important roles for adipose tissue in cancer. However, few have examined adipose tissue cholesterol, and no study has been performed in breast adipose tissue associated with breast tumors. OBJECTIVES The present work was designed to determine if breast adipose tissue cholesterol from the tumor-surrounding area is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, 215 breast adipose tissue samples were collected at the Tours University Hospital (France) during surgery of women (aged 28-89 y) with invasive breast cancer. Associations of free cholesterol (FC), esterified cholesterol (EC), and total cholesterol (TC) amounts with clinical variables (age, BMI, and treated or untreated hypercholesterolemia) and tumor aggressiveness parameters [phenotype, grade, presence of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and multifocality] were tested using Student's t test and after ANOVA. RESULTS The predominant form of cholesterol in adipose tissue was FC, and 50% of patients had no detectable EC. The adipose tissue FC content (μg/mg total lipid) was 18% greater in patients >70 y old than in those 40-49 y old (P < 0.05) and the TC content tended to be 12% greater in untreated hypercholesterolemic patients than in normocholesterolemic patients (P = 0.06). Breast adipose cholesterol concentrations were increased in tissues obtained from patients with human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2 (HER2) phenotype (+13% FC; P < 0.05 compared with luminal A), IBC (+15% FC; P = 0.06 compared with noninflammatory tumors), as well as with multifocal triple-negative tumors (+34% FC, P < 0.05; +30% TC, P < 0.05, compared with unifocal triple-negative tumors). Among patients with triple-negative tumors, hypercholesterolemia was significantly more common (P < 0.05) in patients with multifocal tumors (64%) than in patients with unifocal tumors (25%). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of this magnitude that analyzes cholesterol concentrations in adipose tissue from female breast cancer patients. An increase in breast adipose tissue cholesterol content may contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness (HER2 phenotype, multifocality of triple-negative tumors, and IBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Goupille
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Guimares
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Flavie Arbion
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Pathologie, Tours, France
| | - Marie L Jourdan
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.,SGS France Life Services, Saint Benoît, France
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38
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Parkman JK, Sklioutovskaya-Lopez K, Menikdiwela KR, Freeman L, Moustaid-Moussa N, Kim JH. Effects of high fat diets and supplemental tart cherry and fish oil on obesity and type 2 diabetes in male and female C57BL/6J and TALLYHO/Jng mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108644. [PMID: 33838231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic and diabetogenic high fat (HF) diets can influence genetic factors in disease development with sexual dimorphic responses. We investigated potential protective effects of tart cherry (TC), fish oil (FO) and TC+FO supplementation in TALLYHO/Jng (TH) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed HF diets. Male and female TH and B6 mice were weaned onto five different diets; low fat (LF), HF, and HF supplemented with TC, FO, or TC+FO and maintained. For both males and females on LF, TH mice were heavier and fatter than B6, which was accentuated by HF in males, but not in females. TH males, but not others, developed severe glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia on HF, with reduced mRNA levels of Adipoq and Esr1 in adipose tissue. Considering energy balance, locomotor activity was lower in TH mice than B6 for both sexes without diet effects, except B6 females where HF decreased it. Compared to LF, HF decreased energy expenditure, RER, and food intake (in grams) for both sexes without strain differences. In all mice, but B6 males, HF increased plasma IL6 levels compared to LF. No preventive effects of TC, FO or TC+FO were noted for HF-induced obesity or energy imbalance, but FO alleviated glucose intolerance in TH males. Further, TC and FO decreased plasma IL6 levels, especially in females, without additive or synergistic effects of these two. Collectively, obesogenic and diabetogenic impacts of HF diets differed depending on the genetic predisposition. Moreover, sexually dimorphic effects of dietary supplementation were observed for glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | | | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Logan Freeman
- School of Kinesiology, College of Health Profession, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.
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Abdissa D. Purposeful Review to Identify the Benefits, Mechanism of Action and Practical Considerations of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s298870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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40
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Pinel A, Rigaudière JP, Jouve C, Montaurier C, Jousse C, LHomme M, Morio B, Capel F. Transgenerational supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid reduced the metabolic consequences on the whole body and skeletal muscle in mice receiving an obesogenic diet. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3143-3157. [PMID: 33543364 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of manipulating the fatty acid profile of the diet over generations could affect the susceptibility to develop obesity and metabolic disorders. Although some acute effects were described, the impact of transgenerational continuous supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids on metabolic homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility during a nutritional stress is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the effect of an obesogenic diet in mice after transgenerational supplementation with an omega-3 rich oil (mainly EPA) or a control oil. Young F3 animals received a high fat and high sucrose diet for 4 months. Whole-body biometric data were recorded and lipidomic/transcriptomic adaptations were explored in the skeletal muscle. RESULTS F3 mice from the lineage supplemented with EPA gained less weight, fat mass, and exhibited better metabolic parameters after the obesogenic diet compared to mice from the control lineage. Transcriptomic exploration of skeletal muscle showed differential regulation of biological processes such as fibrosis, fatty acid catabolism, and inflammation between lineages. These adaptations were associated to subtle lipid remodeling of cellular membranes with an enrichment in phospholipids with omega 3 fatty acid in mice from the EPA lineage. CONCLUSION Transgenerational and continuous intake of EPA could help to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risks related to an unbalanced diet by the modulation of insulin sensitivity, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pinel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Paul Rigaudière
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chrystèle Jouve
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie LHomme
- ICANalytics Lipidomic, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,UFR de Medecine, UMR1019, Equipe ASMS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP 38, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Maurer SF, Dieckmann S, Lund J, Fromme T, Hess AL, Colson C, Kjølbaek L, Astrup A, Gillum MP, Larsen LH, Liebisch G, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. No Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Recruitment of Brown and Brite Adipocytes in Mice or Humans under Thermoneutral Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000681. [PMID: 33274552 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown and brite adipocytes within the mammalian adipose organ provide non-shivering thermogenesis and thus, have an exceptional capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n3-series, abundant in fish oil, have been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in these cells, consequently affecting body adiposity and glucose tolerance. These effects are scrutinized in mice housed in a thermoneutral environment and in a human dietary intervention trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are housed in a thermoneutral environment eliminating the superimposing effect of mild cold-exposure on thermogenic adipocyte recruitment. Dietary fish oil supplementation in two different inbred mouse strains neither affects body mass trajectory nor enhances the recruitment of brown and brite adipocytes, both in the presence and absence of a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist imitating the effect of cold-exposure on adipocytes. In line with these findings, dietary fish oil supplementation of persons with overweight or obesity fails to recruit thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Thus, the authors' data question the hypothesized potential of n3-PUFA as modulators of adipocyte-based thermogenesis and energy balance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Jens Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anne Lundby Hess
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Louise Kjølbaek
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Matthew Paul Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lesli Hingstrup Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
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42
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Aravani D, Kassi E, Chatzigeorgiou A, Vakrou S. Cardiometabolic Syndrome: An Update on Available Mouse Models. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:703-715. [PMID: 33280078 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), a disease entity characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is a global epidemic with approximately 25% prevalence in adults globally. CMS is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and development of diabetes. Due to its multifactorial etiology, the development of several animal models to simulate CMS has contributed significantly to the elucidation of the disease pathophysiology and the design of therapies. In this review we aimed to present the most common mouse models used in the research of CMS. We found that CMS can be induced either by genetic manipulation, leading to dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, obesity and IR, or obesity and hypertension, or by administration of specific diets and drugs. In the last decade, the ob/ob and db/db mice were the most common obesity and IR models, whereas Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- were widely used to induce hyperlipidemia. These mice have been used either as a single transgenic or combined with a different background with or without diet treatment. High-fat diet with modifications is the preferred protocol, generally leading to increased body weight, hyperlipidemia, and IR. A plethora of genetically engineered mouse models, diets, drugs, or synthetic compounds that are available have advanced the understanding of CMS. However, each researcher should carefully select the most appropriate model and validate its consistency. It is important to consider the differences between strains of the same animal species, different animals, and most importantly differences to human when translating results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aravani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Styliani Vakrou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Cardiology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Behrouz V, Yari Z. A review on differential effects of dietary fatty acids on weight, appetite and energy expenditure. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2235-2249. [PMID: 33261509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1852172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between weight and chronic diseases is well defined. The quality and quantity of dietary fatty acids is an important external factor and appetite and energy expenditure, are important internal factors in determining body weight. On the other hand, dietary fatty acids composition can modulate appetite and energy metabolism, but not all fats are equal in producing metabolic responses.Given the accumulating evidence for differential effects of various dietary fatty acids, one important area of investigation is to scrutinize their roles in weight, appetite and energy expenditure modulation. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids have a greater effect on appetite control, although in the long run may result in more weight gain than unsaturated fatty acids due to a weaker stimulation of energy expenditure. In contrast, mono-unsaturated fats do not have much effects on appetite control, but they can be beneficial in weight control over the long term due to stimulatory effects on energy expenditure. Interestingly, in case of poly unsaturated fats, including n-3 and n-6, their effect on increasing energy expenditure is aligned, but they act differently in controlling weight and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Sasson A, Kristoferson E, Batista R, McClung JA, Abraham NG, Peterson SJ. The pivotal role of heme Oxygenase-1 in reversing the pathophysiology and systemic complications of NAFLD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108679. [PMID: 33248947 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and molecular pathways involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reviewed, as well as what is known about mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to heart disease and the progression to steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. We focused our discussion on the role of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its nuclear coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α) in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function and potential therapeutic benefit for cardiac disease, NAFLD as well as the pharmacological effect they have on the chronic inflammatory state of obesity. The result is increased mitochondrial function and the conversion of white adipocyte tissue to beige adipose tissue ("browning of white adipose tissue") that leads to an improvement in signaling pathways and overall liver function. Improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function is essential to preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH and cirrhosis as well as preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sasson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Eva Kristoferson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Rogerio Batista
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
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45
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Ramalho A, Leblanc N, Fortin MG, Marette A, Tchernof A, Jacques H. Characterization of a Coproduct from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and Its Effects on Visceral Adipocyte Size in Male Wistar Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E530. [PMID: 33114645 PMCID: PMC7693588 DOI: 10.3390/md18110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have been shown to have potential health benefits and are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, particularly triterpenoid saponins. However, most studies concentrate on the body wall, and little is known about the health effects of the coproducts. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional composition of a coproduct from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and the effects of the dietary consumption of this coproduct on cardiometabolic health in rats. Chemical, biochemical, and nutritional analyses were performed to characterize this coproduct. Forty (40) male Wistar rats were then equally divided into four groups and fed a purified control diet or a diet enriched with 0.5%, 1.5%, or 2.5% (by protein) of coproduct. After 28 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed. Body and tissue weight, body composition, epididymal adipocyte diameter, plasma and hepatic lipids, glycemia, and insulinemia were measured at the end of the 28-day experiment. Analysis of the coproduct revealed high levels of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, and saponins. The 1.5% group had significantly smaller epididymal adipocytes vs. the control. We conclude that dietary administration of this sea cucumber coproduct at 1.5% doses decreases visceral adiposity, potentially decreasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. The coproduct's saponin content may contribute to the observed effects, but the impact of other components cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ramalho
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Marie-Gil Fortin
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Innovation Centre, Merinov, Gaspé, QC G4X 2V6, Canada;
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
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Parolini C. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Efficacy on inflammatory-based disorders. Life Sci 2020; 263:118591. [PMID: 33069735 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response to injury, stimulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, the presence of peculiar individual conditions can negatively perturb the resolution phase eventually leading to a state of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, characterized by tissue and organ damages and increased susceptibility to non-communicable disease. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to influence many aspects of this process. Experiments performed in various animal models of obesity, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis have demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs can modulate the basic mechanisms as well as the disease progression. This review describes the available data from experimental studies to the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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47
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Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: role of free fatty acid receptor 1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1797-1808. [PMID: 32388601 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a worldwide health problem. This study investigated the acute effects of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) on glucose homeostasis focusing on the role of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) and the chronic effects of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was induced by feeding mice high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFrHFD) for 16 weeks. In the first part, the acute effects of EPA alone and in combination with GW1100 and DC260126 (FFAR1 blockers) on glucose homeostasis and hepatic phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and diacylglycerol (DAG) were investigated in standard chow diet (SCD)- and HFrHFD-fed mice. In the second part, mice were treated with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids for 4 weeks starting at the week 13 of feeding HFrHFD. Changes in the blood- and liver tissue-insulin resistance markers and FFAR1 downstream signals were recorded at the end of experiment. Results showed that EPA increased 0 and 30 min blood glucose levels after glucose load in SCD-fed mice but improved glucose tolerance in HFrHFD-fed mice. Moreover, FFAR1 blockers reduced EPA effects on glucose tolerance and hepatic PIP2 and DAG levels. On the other hand, chronic use of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids increased FBG levels and decreased serum insulin and triglycerides levels without improving the index of insulin resistance. Also, they increased hepatic β-arrestin-2, PIP2, and pS473 Akt levels but decreased DAG levels. In conclusion, EPA acutely improved glucose homeostasis in HFrHFD-fed mice by modulating the activity of FFAR1. However, the chronic use of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids did not improve the insulin resistance.
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Protective Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation Against White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194433. [PMID: 32992508 PMCID: PMC7582637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) elicits white adipose tissue dysfunction. In this study, we have hypothesized that the metabolic modulator eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) attenuates HFD-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) alterations. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) or control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), with or without EPA (50 mg/kg/day), HT (5 mg/kg/day), or both for 12 weeks. Determinations in WAT include morphological parameters, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid content in phospholipids (gas chromatography), lipogenesis, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers, and gene expression and activities of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (p65 subunit) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Results: HFD led to WAT hypertrophy in relation to PPAR-γ downregulation. WAT metabolic dysfunction was characterized by upregulation of lipogenic SREBP-1c system, mitochondrial energy metabolism depression, loss of the antioxidant Nrf2 signaling with OS enhancement, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids depletion and activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB system. EPA and HT co-supplementation diminished HFD-dependent effects additively, reaching values close or similar to controls. Conclusion: Data presented strengthen the importance of combined protocols such as EPA plus HT to attenuate metabolic-inflammatory states triggered by obesity.
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Kalupahana NS, Goonapienuwala BL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:25-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
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