1
|
Case S, O'Brien T, Ledwith AE, Chen S, Horneck Johnston CJH, Hackett EE, O'Sullivan M, Charles-Messance H, Dempsey E, Yadav S, Wilson J, Corr SC, Nagar S, Sheedy FJ. β-glucans from Agaricus bisporus mushroom products drive Trained Immunity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346706. [PMID: 38425482 PMCID: PMC10902450 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrofungi, such as edible mushrooms, have been used as a valuable medical resource for millennia as a result of their antibacterial and immuno-modulatory components. Mushrooms contain dietary fibers known as β-glucans, a class of polysaccharides previously linked to the induction of Trained Immunity. However, little is known about the ability of mushroom-derived β-glucans to induce Trained Immunity. Methods & results Using various powdered forms of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), we found that mouse macrophages pre-treated with whole mushroom powder (WMP) displayed enhanced responses to restimulation with TLR ligands, being particularly sensitive to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 stimulation using synthetic lipopeptides. This trained response was modest compared to training observed with yeast-derived β-glucans and correlated with the amount of available β-glucans in the WMP. Enriching for β-glucans content using either a simulated in-vitro digestion or chemical fractionation retained and boosted the trained response with WMP, respectively. Importantly, both WMP and digested-WMP preparations retained β-glucans as identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and both displayed the capacity to train human monocytes and enhanced responses to restimulation. To determine if dietary incorporation of mushroom products can lead to Trained Immunity in myeloid cells in vivo, mice were given a regimen of WMP by oral gavage prior to sacrifice. Flow cytometric analysis of bone-marrow progenitors indicated alterations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells population dynamics, with shift toward myeloid-committed multi-potent progenitor cells. Mature bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from these mice displayed enhanced responses to restimulation, again particularly sensitive to TLR2. Discussion Taken together, these data demonstrate that β-glucans from common macrofungi can train innate immune cells and could point to novel ways of delivering bio-available β-glucans for education of the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Case
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara O'Brien
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna E. Ledwith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shilong Chen
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Emer E. Hackett
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Elaine Dempsey
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shipra Nagar
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frederick J. Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Low R, Ha SD, Sleapnicov N, Maneesh P, Kim SO. Prolonged Inhibition of the MEK1/2-ERK Signaling Axis Primes Interleukin-1 Beta Expression through Histone 3 Lysine 9 Demethylation in Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14428. [PMID: 37833877 PMCID: PMC10572145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo different cellular states upon activation that can be hyporesponsive (tolerated) or hyperresponsive (primed or trained) to subsequent stimuli. Epigenetic modifications are known to play key roles in determining these cellular states. However, little is known about the role of signaling pathways that lead to these epigenetic modifications. Here, we examined the effects of various inhibitors targeting key signaling pathways induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on tolerance and priming in murine macrophages. We found that a prolonged inhibition (>18 h) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling axis reversed tolerance and primed cells in expressing interleukin (IL)-1β and other inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and CXCL10. The ectopic expression of catalytically active and inactive MEK1 mutants suppressed and enhanced IL-1β expression, respectively. A transcriptomic analysis showed that cells primed by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 expressed higher levels of gene sets associated with immune responses and cytokine/chemokine production, but expressed lower levels of genes with cell cycle progression, chromosome organization, and heterochromatin formation than non-primed cells. Of interest, the mRNA expressions of the histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase Suv39h1 and the H3K9 methylation reader Cbx5 were substantially suppressed, whereas the H3K9 demethylase Kdm7a was enhanced, suggesting a role of the MEK1/2-ERK signaling axis in H3K9 demethylation. The H3K9 trimethylation levels in the genomic regions of IL-1β, TNFα, and CXCL10 were decreased by U0126. Also, the H3K9 methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 mimicked the U0126 training effects and the overexpression of chromobox homolog (CBX)5 prevented the U0126 training effects in both RAW264.7 cells and bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Collectively, these data suggest that the prolonged inhibition of the MEK1/2-ERK signaling axis reverses tolerance and primed macrophages likely through decreasing the H3K9 methylation levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung Ouk Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada; (R.L.); (S.-D.H.); (N.S.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vera J, Castro-Nuñez MA, Troncoso-Cibrian MF, Carrillo-Varguez AG, Méndez Sánchez ER, Sarmiento V, Lanzagorta-Rebollo L, Neelakantan P, Romero M, Arias A. Effect of cryotherapy duration on experimentally induced connective tissue inflammation in vivo. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e29. [PMID: 37675446 PMCID: PMC10477420 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model. Materials and Methods Six Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2). Cryotherapy was applied for 1 minute (E1) or 5 minutes (E2). An acute inflammatory response was induced in the PC and E groups via subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL/kg. In the PC2 group, a catheter was inserted without additional treatment. For the E1 and E2 groups, 2.5°C saline solution was administered through the implanted catheters for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The rats were sacrificed, and samples were obtained and processed for histological analysis, specifically examining the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and hemorrhage. The χ2 test was used to compare the presence of acute inflammation across groups. Dependent variables were compared using the linear-by-linear association test. Results Inflammation and hemorrhage varied significantly among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly higher degree of acute inflammation was detected (p = 0.0002) in the PC and E1 samples than in the E2 group, in which cryotherapy was administered for 5 minutes. The PC and E1 groups also exhibited significantly greater numbers of neutrophils (p = 0.007), which were essentially absent in both the NC and E2 groups. Conclusions Cryotherapy administration for 5 minutes reduced the acute inflammation associated with LPS and catheter implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vera
- Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Viviana Sarmiento
- Department of Endodontics, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Tijuana, Mexico
| | | | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Romero
- Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ana Arias
- Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Loh MK, Stickling C, Schrank S, Hanshaw M, Ritger AC, Dilosa N, Finlay J, Ferrara NC, Rosenkranz JA. Liposaccharide-induced sustained mild inflammation fragments social behavior and alters basolateral amygdala activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:647-671. [PMID: 36645464 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Conditions with sustained low-grade inflammation have high comorbidity with depression and anxiety and are associated with social withdrawal. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for affective and social behaviors and is sensitive to inflammatory challenges. Large systemic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiate peripheral inflammation, increase BLA neuronal activity, and disrupt social and affective measures in rodents. However, LPS doses commonly used in behavioral studies are high enough to evoke sickness syndrome, which can confound interpretation of amygdala-associated behaviors. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The objectives of this study were to find a LPS dose that triggers mild peripheral inflammation but not observable sickness syndrome in adult male rats, to test the effects of sustained mild inflammation on BLA and social behaviors. To accomplish this, we administered single doses of LPS (0-100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) and measured open field behavior, or repeated LPS (5 μg/kg, 3 consecutive days), and measured BLA neuronal firing, social interaction, and elevated plus maze behavior. RESULTS Repeated low-dose LPS decreased BLA neuron firing rate but increased the total number of active BLA neurons. Repeated low-dose LPS also caused early disengagement during social bouts and less anogenital investigation and an overall pattern of heightened social caution associated with reduced gain of social familiarity over the course of a social session. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for parallel shifts in social interaction and amygdala activity caused by prolonged mild inflammation. This effect of inflammation may contribute to social symptoms associated with comorbid depression and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine K Loh
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney Stickling
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Schrank
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, North Chicago, USA
| | - Madison Hanshaw
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra C Ritger
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, North Chicago, USA
| | - Naijila Dilosa
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Finlay
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole C Ferrara
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Amiel Rosenkranz
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL, 60064, North Chicago, USA. .,Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia-Ibañez P, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Oliva-Bolarín A, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Ramos-Molina B, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Moreno DA. Anti-inflammatory potential of digested Brassica sprout extracts in human macrophage-like HL-60 cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:112-121. [PMID: 36484295 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02914f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables have been reported to be a great source of anti-inflammatory compounds. Specifically, sprouts from the Brassicaceae family stand out for their high content of glucosinolates (and their bioactive derivatives, isothiocyanates), phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. Despite the evident anti-inflammatory activity of certain Brassica phytochemicals such as sulforaphane or phenolic acids, the effect of digested Brassica vegetables on inflammation remains understudied. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the bioaccessible forms of cruciferous bioactives (from red cabbage sprouts (RCS) and red radish sprouts (RRS)) obtained upon in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in the HL-60 macrophage-like differentiated human cell line. The study was performed under basal conditions or stimulated with a low dose of LPS for 24 hours as a validated in vitro model of chronic inflammation. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The gene expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA respectively. Our results revealed no cytotoxicity with any of the treatments in LPS-stimulated macrophage-like HL60 cells. Regarding cytokine production, digestates significantly decreased the production of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL-1 except for IL-1β treated with RCS digestates. Furthermore, the RT-qPCR analysis showed a decrease in the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated cells treated with RRS digestates at 100 μg mL-1 but not with red cabbage digestates. In conclusion, RRS bioaccessible compounds in the extracts could be used as dietary coadjuvants given their potential anti-inflammatory effect on this in vitro model of chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.,Aquaporins Research Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María A Núñez-Sánchez
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alba Oliva-Bolarín
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María A Martínez-Sánchez
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Spain.
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Spain.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Upregulation of OASIS/CREB3L1 in podocytes contributes to the disturbance of kidney homeostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:734. [PMID: 35869269 PMCID: PMC9307819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is involved in the onset and progression of various kidney diseases. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor, old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS) in myofibroblasts, contributes to kidney fibrosis, as a novel role of OASIS in the kidneys. Importantly, we found that OASIS is also expressed in podocytes; however, the pathophysiological significance of OASIS in podocytes remains unknown. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, there is an increase in OASIS in murine podocytes. Enhanced serum creatinine levels and tubular injury, but not albuminuria and podocyte injury, are attenuated upon podocyte-restricted OASIS knockout in LPS-treated mice, as well as diabetic mice. The protective effects of podocyte-specific OASIS deficiency on tubular injury are mediated by protein kinase C iota (PRKCI/PKCι), which is negatively regulated by OASIS in podocytes. Furthermore, podocyte-restricted OASIS transgenic mice show tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, with severe albuminuria and podocyte degeneration. Finally, there is an increase in OASIS-positive podocytes in the glomeruli of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. Taken together, OASIS in podocytes contributes to podocyte and/or tubular injury, in part through decreased PRKCI. The induction of OASIS in podocytes is a critical event for the disturbance of kidney homeostasis. Upregulation of transcription factor OASIS in podocytes contributes to podocyte and/or tubular injury through decreased PRKCi expression and is a critical event for the disturbance of kidney homeostasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Infection, Learning, and Memory: Focus on Immune Activation and Aversive Conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104898. [PMID: 36183862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the effects of immune activation primarily via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, on hippocampal and non-hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Rodent studies have found that LPS alters both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive learning and memory, such as those evoking evolutionarily adaptive responses like fear and disgust. The inhibitory effects of LPS on the acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory are discussed. LPS-induced alterations in the acquisition of taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory within bottle preference tasks and taste reactivity tests (taste-related), in addition to conditioned context avoidance tasks and the anticipatory nausea paradigm (place-related), are highlighted. Further, conditioned disgust memory consolidation may also be influenced by LPS-induced effects. Growing evidence suggests a central role of immune activation, especially pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in eliciting the effects described here. Understanding how infection-induced immune activation alters learning and memory is increasingly important as bacterial and viral infections are found to present a risk of learning and memory impairment.
Collapse
|
9
|
TOB is an effector of the hippocampus-mediated acute stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:302. [PMID: 35906220 PMCID: PMC9338090 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress affects behavior and involves critical dynamic changes at multiple levels ranging from molecular pathways to neural circuits and behavior. Abnormalities at any of these levels lead to decreased stress resilience and pathological behavior. However, temporal modulation of molecular pathways underlying stress response remains poorly understood. Transducer of ErbB2.1, known as TOB, is involved in different physiological functions, including cellular stress and immediate response to stimulation. In this study, we investigated the role of TOB in psychological stress machinery at molecular, neural circuit, and behavioral levels. Interestingly, TOB protein levels increased after mice were exposed to acute stress. At the neural circuit level, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggested that intra-hippocampal and hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity were dysregulated in Tob knockout (Tob-KO) mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices showed increased postsynaptic AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission, accompanied by decreased GABA neurotransmission and subsequently altered Excitatory/Inhibitory balance after Tob deletion. At the behavioral level, Tob-KO mice show abnormal, hippocampus-dependent, contextual fear conditioning and extinction, and depression-like behaviors. On the other hand, increased anxiety observed in Tob-KO mice is hippocampus-independent. At the molecular level, we observed changes in factors involved in stress response like decreased stress-induced LCN2 expression and ERK phosphorylation, as well as increased MKP-1 expression. This study introduces TOB as an important modulator in the hippocampal stress signaling machinery. In summary, we reveal a molecular pathway and neural circuit mechanism by which Tob deletion contributes to expression of pathological stress-related behavior.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bahceli O, Pinar Seno S, Temiz-Resi M, Furkan Hor M, Sahan-Fira S, Tunctan B. Bexarotene Ameliorates LPS-Induced Hyperalgesia: Contribution of TLR4/MyD88-Dependent Pro-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1171.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Lajqi T, Frommhold D, Gille C, Hudalla H. Induction of memory-like adaptive responses in murine neutrophils in vitro. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
12
|
Puris E, Kouřil Š, Najdekr L, Auriola S, Loppi S, Korhonen P, Gómez-Budia M, Fricker G, Kanninen KM, Malm T, Friedecký D, Gynther M. Metabolomic, lipidomic and proteomic characterisation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mouse model. Neuroscience 2022; 496:165-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Purpose of review Immunological memory is an important evolutionary adaptation of the immune system. Previously restricted to the adaptive immune system, the concept of memory has recently been broadened to the innate immune system. This review summarizes recent studies that highlight the contribution of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in supporting immunological memory. Recent findings Short-lived innate immune cells can build a long-lasting memory of infection to improve their response to secondary challenges. Studies show that these unexpected properties of the innate immune system are sustained by epigenetic and metabolic changes in the HSC compartment. Summary HSCs are durably altered in response to pathogens and serve as long-term support for innate immune memory. Many questions remain regarding the mechanisms contributing to the induction and the maintenance of this immune memory in HSCs. Answering these questions will open new perspectives to understand how environmental factors shape the HSC activity over time.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gut Microbiota-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Endorse Memory-like Inflammatory Responses in Murine Neutrophils. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020442. [PMID: 35203650 PMCID: PMC8962420 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are classically characterized as merely reactive innate effector cells. However, the microbiome is known to shape the education and maturation process of neutrophils, improving their function and immune-plasticity. Recent reports demonstrate that murine neutrophils possess the ability to exert adaptive responses after exposure to bacterial components such as LPS (Gram-negative bacteria) or LTA (Gram-positive bacteria). We now ask whether small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the gut may directly mediate adaptive responses in neutrophils in vitro. Murine bone marrow-derived neutrophils were primed in vitro by small EVs of high purity collected from colon stool samples, followed by a second hit with LPS. We found that low-dose priming with gut microbiota-derived small EVs enhanced pro-inflammatory sensitivity as indicated by elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and MCP-1 and increased migratory and phagocytic activity. In contrast, high-dose priming resulted in a tolerant phenotype, marked by increased IL-10 and decreased transmigration and phagocytosis. Alterations in TLR2/MyD88 as well as TLR4/MyD88 signaling were correlated with the induction of adaptive cues in neutrophils in vitro. Taken together, our study shows that small EVs from stools can drive adaptive responses in neutrophils in vitro and may represent a missing link in the gut–immune axis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Naler LB, Hsieh YP, Geng S, Zhou Z, Li L, Lu C. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:102. [PMID: 35091696 PMCID: PMC8799722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yuan-Pang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh S, Sahu K, Singh C, Singh A. Lipopolysaccharide induced altered signaling pathways in various neurological disorders. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:285-294. [PMID: 34989812 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is defined as an inflammatory response within the brain or spinal cord, whereas the brain's innate immune system is triggered by various inflammatory challenges such as injury, infection, exposure to toxin (LPS) and ageing, which result in cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a main structural component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, widely used systematically to stimulate the immune system and to generate profound physiological and behavioural changes. It consists of three parts: lipid A, a core oligosaccharide and an O side chain. It is reported by several scientists that, besides the systemic alteration, LPS also induces neurodegeneration by promoting neuroinflammation upon binding with the stimulation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) receptors present on glial cells. The mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) family consists of 13 membranes and TLR was discovered as a crucial pattern recognition receptor (PPR) involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Future studies will show that damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognised by the involvement of PPRs, generated by the host itself. The stimulation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide phosphorylates two signalling pathways, namely the MyD88-dependent pathway and the MyD88-independent pathway. This activation subsequently triggers the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate innate immune responses, and then promotes neuroinflammation. In this review, we critically demonstrated the epidemiology of neuroinflammation, types of TLRs, the molecular mechanism of TLR4 and management of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdev Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Kuleshwar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India. .,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geng S, Pradhan K, Li L. Signal-Strength and History-Dependent Innate Immune Memory Dynamics in Health and Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:23-41. [PMID: 34085119 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity exhibits memory characteristics, reflected not only in selective recognition of external microbial or internal damage signals, but more importantly in history and signal-strength dependent reprogramming of innate leukocytes characterized by priming, tolerance, and exhaustion. Key innate immune cells such as monocytes and neutrophils can finely discern and attune to the duration and intensity of external signals through rewiring of internal signaling circuitries, giving rise to a vast array of discreet memory phenotypes critically relevant to managing tissue homeostasis as well as diverse repertoires of inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight recent advances in this rapidly expanding field of innate immune programming and memory, as well as its translational implication in the pathophysiology of selected inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Q, Liu X, Zhang X, Du Y, Chen G, Xiang P, Ling W, Wang D. Terpene Lactucopicrin Limits Macrophage Foam Cell Formation by a Reduction of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Lipid Rafts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100905. [PMID: 34932892 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Sustained inflammation promotes macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol influx and impairing cholesterol efflux. Terpene lactucopicrin, affluent in vegetables of the Asteraceae family (e.g., chicory, curly escarole, and lettuce) can inhibit atherogenesis in mice. However, it remains unknown whether and how lactucopicrin regulates macrophage foam cell formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactucopicrin at physiologically reachable concentrations inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced foam cell formation in inflammatory mouse bone marrow derived macrophages established by 50 pg mL-1 of LPS, reachable level in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. This effect is not due to modulation of cholesterol efflux, but reliant on a reduction in lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1)-mediated cholesterol influx. Mechanistically, lactucopicrin does not affect LOX-1 expression, cellular oxidative stress, and exocytosis, known mechanisms regulating LOX-1 function in cholesterol influx. Strikingly, lactucopicrin selectively decreases LOX-1 content in lipid rafts, an effect responsible for the lactucopicrin effect on cholesterol influx. Moreover, ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet supplemented with lactucopicrin for 12 weeks display fewer macrophage foam cells within atherosclerotic plaques relative to the control mice. CONCLUSION Lactucopicrin limits macrophage foam cell formation through a reduction of LOX-1 distribution in lipid rafts, thus contributing to its atheroprotective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Du
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Panyin Xiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed D, Humphrey A, Roy D, Sheridan ME, Versey Z, Jaworski A, Edwards A, Donner J, Abizaid A, Willmore W, Kumar A, Golshani A, Cassol E. HIF-1α Regulation of Cytokine Production following TLR3 Engagement in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Dependent on Viral Nucleic Acid Length and Glucose Availability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2813-2827. [PMID: 34740958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism and inflammatory cytokine production in innate immune responses. Viruses modulate HIF-1α to support viral replication and the survival of infected cells, but it is unclear if this transcription factor also plays an important role in regulating antiviral immune responses. In this study, we found that short and long dsRNA differentially engage TLR3, inducing distinct levels of proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) in bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. These responses are associated with differential accumulation of HIF-1α, which augments NF-κB activation. Unlike TLR4 responses, increased HIF-1α following TLR3 engagement is not associated with significant alterations in glycolytic activity and was more pronounced in low glucose conditions. We also show that the mechanisms supporting HIF-1α stabilization may differ following stimulation with short versus long dsRNA and that pyruvate kinase M2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species play a central role in these processes. Collectively, this work suggests that HIF-1α may fine-tune proinflammatory cytokine production during early antiviral immune responses, particularly when there is limited glucose availability or under other conditions of stress. Our findings also suggest we may be able to regulate the magnitude of proinflammatory cytokine production during antiviral responses by targeting proteins or molecules that contribute to HIF-1α stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Humphrey
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Roy
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zoya Versey
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Jaworski
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Donner
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashkan Golshani
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lajqi T, Braun M, Kranig SA, Frommhold D, Pöschl J, Hudalla H. LPS Induces Opposing Memory-like Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189803. [PMID: 34575963 PMCID: PMC8469609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that innate immune cells can respond in a memory-like (adaptive) fashion, which is referred to as trained immunity. Only few in vivo studies have shown training effects in neutrophils; however, no in vitro setup has been established to study the induction of trained immunity or tolerance in neutrophils by microbial agents. In light of their short lifespan (up to 48 h), we suggest to use the term trained sensitivity for neutrophils in an in vitro setting. Here, we firstly describe a feasible two-hit model, using different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow neutrophils. We found that low doses (10 pg/mL) induce pro-inflammatory activation (trained sensitivity), whereas priming with high doses (100 ng/mL) leads to suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α or IL-6 (tolerance) (p < 0.05). On a functional level, trained neutrophils displayed increased phagocytic activity and LFA-1 expression as well as migrational capacity and CD11a expression, whereas tolerant neutrophils show contrasting effects in vitro. Mechanistically, TLR4/MyD88/PI3Ks regulate the activation of p65, which controls memory-like responses in mouse bone marrow neutrophils (p < 0.05). Our results open a new window for further in vitro studies on memory-like inflammatory responses of short-lived innate immune cells such as neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Maylis Braun
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon Alexander Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - David Frommhold
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-1983; Fax: +49-6221-56-5626
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effect of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Excessive Calorie Intake on Diet-Induced Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Biomarkers in Murine Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093091. [PMID: 34578967 PMCID: PMC8468789 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation (CLGI) is a non-overt inflammatory state characterized by a continuous activation of inflammation mediators associated with metabolic diseases. It has been linked to the overconsumption of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), and/or macronutrients which lead to an increase in local and systemic pro-inflammatory biomarkers in humans and animal models. This review provides a summary of research into biomarkers of diet-induced CLGI in murine models, with a focus on AGEs and obesogenic diets, and presents the physiological effects described in the literature. Diet-induced CLGI is associated with metabolic endotoxemia, and/or gut microbiota remodeling in rodents. The mechanisms identified so far are centered on pro-inflammatory axes such as the interaction between AGEs and their main receptor AGEs (RAGE) or increased levels of lipopolysaccharide. The use of murine models has helped to elucidate the local and systemic expression of CLGI mediators. These models have enabled significant advances in identification of diet-induced CLGI biomarkers and resultant physiological effects. Some limitations on the translational (murine → humans) use of biomarkers may arise, but murine models have greatly facilitated the testing of specific dietary components. However, there remains a lack of information at the whole-organism level of organization, as well as a lack of consensus on the best biomarker for use in CLGI studies and recommendations as to future research conclude this review.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Q, Gao B, Siqin B, He Q, Zhang R, Meng X, Zhang N, Zhang N, Li M. Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Factor in the Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651926. [PMID: 34220497 PMCID: PMC8241904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors cannot fully explain the occurrence of the disease. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites and cardiovascular disease has been a hot study topic. The changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites are related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota and its metabolites influence cardiovascular disease have been reported, although not comprehensively. Additionally, following ingestion, flavonoids are decomposed into phenolic acids that are more easily absorbed by the body after being processed by enzymes produced by intestinal microorganisms, which increases flavonoid bioavailability and activity, consequently affecting the onset of cardiovascular disease. However, flavonoids can also inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, and maintain the balance of gut microbiota. Hence, it is important to study the relationship between gut microbiota and flavonoids to elucidate the protective effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. This article will review the role and mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension. It also discusses the potential value of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease following their transformation through gut microbiota metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Bateer Siqin
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital, Xilinhaote, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Naiheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pradhan K, Geng S, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Li L. TRAM-Related TLR4 Pathway Antagonized by IRAK-M Mediates the Expression of Adhesion/Coactivating Molecules on Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2980-2988. [PMID: 34031144 PMCID: PMC8278277 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory monocytes critically contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The elevated expression of coactivating molecule CD40 as well as key adhesion molecule CD11a is a critical signature of inflammatory monocytes from both human patients with coronary artery diseases as well as in animal models of atherosclerosis. In this study, we report that subclinical superlow-dose LPS, a key risk factor for low-grade inflammation and atherosclerosis, can potently trigger the induction of CD40 and CD11a on low-grade inflammatory monocytes. Subclinical endotoxin-derived monocytes demonstrate immune-enhancing effects and suppress the generation of regulatory CD8+CD122+ T cells, which further exacerbate the inflammatory environment conducive for chronic diseases. Mechanistically, subclinical endotoxemia activates TRAM-mediated signaling processes, leading to the activation of MAPK and STAT5, which is responsible for the expression of CD40 and CD11a. We also demonstrate that TRAM-mediated monocyte polarization can be suppressed by IRAK-M. IRAK-M-deficient monocytes have increased expression of TRAM, elevated induction of CD40 and CD11a by subclinical-dose endotoxin, and are more potent in suppressing the CD8 regulatory T cells. Mice with IRAK-M deficiency generate an increased population of inflammatory monocytes and a reduced population of CD8 T regulatory cells. In contrast, mice with TRAM deficiency exhibit a significantly reduced inflammatory monocyte population and an elevated CD8 T regulatory cell population. Together, our data reveal a competing intracellular circuitry involving TRAM and IRAK-M that modulate the polarization of low-grade inflammatory monocytes with an immune-enhancing function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rui-Ci Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Probiotic and Functional Properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061860. [PMID: 34072532 PMCID: PMC8228662 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572 is a strain able to produce the antimicrobial compound reuterin in dairy products, exhibiting a protective effect against some food-borne pathogens. In this study, we investigated some probiotic properties of this strain such as resistance to gastrointestinal passage or to colonic conditions, reuterin production in a colonic environment, and immunomodulatory activity, using different in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed a high resistance of this strain to gastrointestinal conditions, as well as capacity to grow and produce reuterin in a human colonic model. Although the in vitro assays using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line did not demonstrate direct immunomodulatory properties, the in vivo assays using a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice model showed clear immunomodulatory and protective effects of this strain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Schauer C, Oberthaler H, Minnich B, Hannig M, Herrmann M. Connection between Periodontitis-Induced Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Systemic Diseases: Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4647. [PMID: 33925019 PMCID: PMC8125370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a promoter of many systemic diseases, but the signaling pathways of this interconnection remain elusive. Recently, it became evident that certain microbial challenges promote a heightened response of myeloid cell populations to subsequent infections either with the same or other pathogens. This phenomenon involves changes in the cell epigenetic and transcription, and is referred to as ''trained immunity''. It acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A main modulation driver is the sustained, persistent low-level transmission of lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pocket into the peripheral blood. Subsequently, the neutrophil phenotype changes and neutrophils become hyper-responsive and prone to boosted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Cytotoxic neutrophil proteases and histones are responsible for ulcer formations on the pocket epithelium, which foster bacteremia and endoxemia. The latter promote systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), a precondition for many systemic diseases and some of them, e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes etc., can be triggered by SLGI alone. Either reverting the polarized neutrophils back to the homeostatic state or attenuation of neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in periodontitis might be an approach to diminish or even to prevent systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hannah Oberthaler
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Resveratrol, Metabolic Dysregulation, and Alzheimer's Disease: Considerations for Neurogenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094628. [PMID: 33924876 PMCID: PMC8125227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has traditionally been discussed as a disease where serious cognitive decline is a result of Aβ-plaque accumulation, tau tangle formation, and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been shown that metabolic dysregulation observed with insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes actively contributes to the progression of AD. One of the pathologies linking metabolic disease to AD is the release of inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of brain neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in amyloid-beta peptide production and accumulation. Improving these metabolic impairments has been shown to be effective at reducing AD progression and improving cognitive function. The polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) improves peripheral metabolic disorders and may provide similar benefits centrally in the brain. RSV reduces inflammatory cytokine release, improves mitochondrial energetic function, and improves Aβ-peptide clearance by activating SIRT1 and AMPK. RSV has also been linked to improved cognitive function; however, the mechanisms of action are less defined. However, there is evidence to suggest that chronic RSV-driven AMPK activation may be detrimental to synaptic function and growth, which would directly impact cognition. This review will discuss the benefits and adverse effects of RSV on the brain, highlighting the major signaling pathways and some of the gaps surrounding the use of RSV as a treatment for AD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee J, Geng S, Li S, Li L. Single Cell RNA-Seq and Machine Learning Reveal Novel Subpopulations in Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes With Unique Regulatory Circuits. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627036. [PMID: 33708217 PMCID: PMC7940189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical doses of LPS (SD-LPS) are known to cause low-grade inflammatory activation of monocytes, which could lead to inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate is a potential therapeutic compound which can reduce the inflammation caused by SD-LPS. To understand the gene regulatory networks of these processes, we have generated scRNA-seq data from mouse monocytes treated with these compounds and identified 11 novel cell clusters. We have developed a machine learning method to integrate scRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and binding motifs to characterize gene regulatory networks underlying these cell clusters. Using guided regularized random forest and feature selection, our method achieved high performance and outperformed a traditional enrichment-based method in selecting candidate regulatory genes. Our method is particularly efficient in selecting a few candidate genes to explain observed expression pattern. In particular, among 531 candidate TFs, our method achieves an auROC of 0.961 with only 10 motifs. Finally, we found two novel subpopulations of monocyte cells in response to SD-LPS and we confirmed our analysis using independent flow cytometry experiments. Our results suggest that our new machine learning method can select candidate regulatory genes as potential targets for developing new therapeutics against low grade inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Song Li
- Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang HY, Wang F, Meng X, Feng C, Xiang L, Besner GE, Feng JX. Prenatal low-dose endotoxin exposure prolongs intestinal epithelial activation after birth and contributes to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2308-2316. [PMID: 32321629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of low dose endotoxin on transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelium, and its role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were injected into the amniotic cavity of pregnant mice under ultrasound guidance. The effects of LPS on fetal and neonatal intestines were determined. Mouse pups were exposed to low dose LPS (0.01 μg per fetus) prenatally and subjected to experimental NEC after birth. The incidence and severity of NEC, as well as intestinal permeability, NF-κB activation, and IL-6 expression were studied. The signaling pathways in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that were activated by LPS were also investigated. RESULTS Low dose LPS did not increase apoptosis, myeloperoxidase activity, histological injury or NF-κB activity in fetal intestines. However, prenatal low dose LPS exposure disturbed the transient and self-limited activation of NF-κB in neonatal intestines after birth. Importantly, it increased the incidence and severity of experimental NEC in neonatal mice. In primary IECs, low dose LPS induced IRAK-1 expression via activation of GSK3β. Elevated IRAK-1 levels prolonged the activation of IECs upon stimulation by high dose LPS. CONCLUSION Prenatal low dose endotoxin exposure disturbs self-limited postnatal epithelial cell activation and predisposes the neonatal intestine to NEC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable (experimental animal study).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Xinrao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gail E Besner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jie-Xiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lajqi T, Pöschl J, Frommhold D, Hudalla H. The Role of Microbiota in Neutrophil Regulation and Adaptation in Newborns. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568685. [PMID: 33133082 PMCID: PMC7550463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to infections and mainly rely on innate immune functions. Reduced reactivity, delayed activation and subsequent failure to resolve inflammation however makes the neonatal immune system a very volatile line of defense. Perinatal microbiota, nutrition and different extra-uterine factors are critical elements that define long-term outcomes and shape the immune system during the neonatal period. Neutrophils are first responders and represent a vital component of the immune system in newborns. They have long been regarded as merely executive immune cells, however this notion is beginning to shift. Neutrophils are shaped by their surrounding and adaptive elements have been described. The role of “innate immune memory” and the main triangle connection microbiome—neutrophil—adaptation will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rahtes A, Li L. Polarization of Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes Through TRAM-Mediated Up-Regulation of Keap1 by Super-Low Dose Endotoxin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1478. [PMID: 32765513 PMCID: PMC7378438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical endotoxemia [low levels of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in the blood stream] has been correlated with chronic inflammatory diseases, with less-understood mechanisms. We have previously shown that chronic exposure to super low doses of LPS polarizes monocytes/macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state characterized by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory regulators such as p62 and simultaneous down-regulation of anti-inflammatory/resolving regulators such as Nrf2. Building upon this observation, here we show that chronic exposure to super-low doses of LPS leads to accumulation of the Nrf2-inhibitory protein Keap1 in murine monocytes. This is accompanied by increases of p62 and MLKL, consistent with a disruption of autolysosome function in polarized monocytes challenged by super-low dose LPS. Monocytes subjected to persistent super-low dose LPS challenge also accumulate higher levels of IKKβ. As a consequence, SLD-LPS challenge leads to an inflammatory monocyte state represented by higher expression of the inflammatory marker Ly6C as well as lower expression of the anti-inflammatory marker CD200R. Further analysis revealed that Keap1 levels are significantly enriched in the Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocyte population. Finally, we show that the TLR4 signaling adaptor TRAM is essential for these effects. Together our study provides novel insight into signaling mechanisms behind low-grade inflammatory monocyte polarization unique to chronic super-low dose LPS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rahtes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li B, Xia Y, Hu B. Infection and atherosclerosis: TLR-dependent pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2751-2769. [PMID: 32002588 PMCID: PMC7223178 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis after C. pneumoniae and other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Kim SE, Chen TY, Wang J, Yang X, Tabib T, Tan J, Guo B, Fung S, Zhao J, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Shiva S, Lafyatis R, St Croix C, Alder JK, Di YP, Kass DJ, Zhang Y. Toll interacting protein protects bronchial epithelial cells from bleomycin-induced apoptosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:9884-9898. [PMID: 32596871 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902636rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by altered epithelial cell phenotypes, which are associated with myofibroblast accumulation in the lung. Atypical alveolar epithelial cells in IPF express molecular markers of airway epithelium. Polymorphisms within and around Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) are associated with the susceptibility to IPF and mortality. However, the functional role of TOLLIP in IPF is unknown. Using lung tissues from IPF and control subjects, we showed that expression of TOLLIP gene in the lung parenchyma is globally lower in IPF compared to controls. Lung cells expressing significant levels of TOLLIP include macrophages, alveolar type II, and basal cells. TOLLIP protein expression is lower in the parenchyma of IPF lungs but is expressed in the atypical epithelial cells of the distal fibrotic regions. Using overexpression and silencing approaches, we demonstrate that TOLLIP protects cells from bleomycin-induced apoptosis using primary bronchial epithelial cells and BEAS-2B cells. The protective effects are mediated by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and upregulating autophagy. Therefore, global downregulation of the TOLLIP gene in IPF lungs may predispose injured lung epithelial cells to apoptosis and to the development of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sharon E Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ting-Yun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiangning Tan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonia Fung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen J, Ullah H, Zheng Z, Gu X, Su C, Xiao L, Wu X, Xiong F, Li Q, Zha L. Soyasaponins reduce inflammation by downregulating MyD88 expression and suppressing the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32493316 PMCID: PMC7268359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicate that soyasaponins may reduce inflammation via modulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling. However, its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged inflamed male ICR mice were intervened by intragastrical administration with 10 and 20 μmol/kg·BW of soyasaponin A1, A2 or I for 8 weeks. The serum inflammatory markers were determined by commercial kits and the expression of molecules in TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in liver by real-time PCR and western blotting. The recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts of live tissue lysates were detected by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and western blotting. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L of soyasaponin A1, A2 or I for 2 h. MyD88-overexpressed HEK293T cells were treated with 20 and 40 μmol/L of soyasaponins (A1, A2 or I) or 20 μmol/L of ST2825 (a MyD88 inhibitor) for 6 h. The expression of molecules in TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway were determined by western blotting. Data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance or t-test by SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results Soyasaponins A1, A2 or I significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in serum (p < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p < 0.05), the protein levels of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), TLR4, MyD88, toll-interleukin1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), phosphorylated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (p-IRAK-4), phosphorylated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (p-IRAK-1) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (p < 0.05), and the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts in liver (p < 0.05). In LPS-stimulated macrophages, soyasaponins A2 or I significantly decreased MyD88 (p < 0.05), soyasaponins A1, A2 or I reduced p-IRAK-4 and p-IRAK-1 (p < 0.05), and soyasaponin I decreased TRAF6 (p < 0.05). In MyD88-overexpressed HEK293T cells, soyasaponins (A1, A2 or I) and ST2825 significantly decreased MyD88 and TRAF6 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Soyasaponins can reduce inflammation by downregulating MyD88 expression and suppressing the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts. This study provides novel understanding about the anti-inflammatory mechanism of soyasaponins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongdaixi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfu Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The cellular basis of organ failure in sepsis-signaling during damage and repair processes. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:4-9. [PMID: 32236799 PMCID: PMC7220871 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. This definition, updated in 2016, shifted the conceptual focus from exclusive attention to the systemic inflammatory response toward the multifactorial tissue damage that occurs during the progression of infection to sepsis and shock. Whereas targeting the inflammatory host response to infection did not translate into improved clinical management of sepsis, recent findings might shed new light on the maladaptive host–pathogen interaction in sepsis and pave the way for “theranostic” interventions. In addition to the well-known resistance responses of the immune system that result in pathogen clearance, “disease tolerance” has recently been acknowledged as a coping mechanism of presumably equal importance. We propose that both defense mechanisms, “resistance” and “disease tolerance”, can get out of control in sepsis. Whereas excessive activation of resistance pathways propagates tissue damage via immunopathology, an inappropriate “tolerance” might entail immunoparalysis accompanied by fulminant, recurrent or persisting infection. The review introduces key signaling processes involved in infection-induced “resistance” and “tolerance”. We propose that elaboration of these signaling pathways allows novel insights into sepsis-associated tissue damage and repair processes. Moreover theranostic opportunities for the specific treatment of sepsis-related hyperinflammation or immunoparalysis will be introduced. Agents specifically affecting either hyperinflammation or immunoparalysis in the course of sepsis might add to the therapeutic toolbox of personalized care in the field of organ dysfunction caused by infection. (This article is freely available.)
Collapse
|
36
|
Sui Y, Berzofsky JA. Myeloid Cell-Mediated Trained Innate Immunity in Mucosal AIDS Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32184782 PMCID: PMC7058986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained innate immunity has recently emerged as a novel concept of innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, exhibiting immune memory, and nonspecific heterologous immunity to protect against infections. The memory and specificity are mediated by epigenetic, metabolic, and functional reprogramming of the myeloid cells and myeloid progenitors (and/or NK cells) in the bone marrow and peripheral tissues such as gut and lung mucosa. A variety of agents, such as BCG, viruses, and their components, as well as TLR agonists, and cytokines have been shown to be involved in the induction of trained immunity. Since these agents have been widely used in AIDS vaccine development as antigen delivery vectors or adjuvants, myeloid cell mediated trained immunity might also play an important role in protecting against mucosal AIDS virus transmission or in control of virus replication in the major gut mucosal reservoir. Here we review the trained innate immunity induced by these vectors/adjuvants that have been used in AIDS vaccine studies and discuss their role in mucosal vaccine efficacy and possible utilization in AIDS vaccine development. Delineating the protective effect of the trained innate immunity mediated by myeloid cells will guide the design of novel AIDS vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhong C, Yang X, Feng Y, Yu J. Trained Immunity: An Underlying Driver of Inflammatory Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:284. [PMID: 32153588 PMCID: PMC7046758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The persistence of low-grade vascular inflammation has been considered to fuel the development of atherosclerosis. However, fundamental mechanistic understanding of the establishment of non-resolving low-grade inflammation is lacking, and a large number of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular complications cannot be prevented by current therapeutic regimens. Trained immunity is an emerging new concept describing a prolonged hyperactivation of the innate immune system after exposure to certain stimuli, leading to an augmented immune response to a secondary stimulus. While it exerts beneficial effects for host defense against invading pathogens, uncontrolled persistent innate immune activation causes chronic inflammatory diseases. In light of the above, the long-term over-activation of the innate immune system conferred by trained immunity has been recently hypothesized to serve as a link between non-resolving vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on trained immunity triggered by various exogenous and endogenous inducers, with particular emphasis on its pro-atherogenic effects and the underlying intracellular mechanisms that act at both the cellular level and systems level. We also discuss how trained immunity could be mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis from both preclinical and clinical perspectives. This review details the mechanisms underlying the induction of trained immunity by different stimuli, and highlights that the intracellular training programs can be different, though partly overlapping, depending on the stimulus and the biological system. Thus, clinical investigation of risk factor specific innate immune memory is necessary for future use of trained immunity-based therapy in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Center for Translational Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen W, Li R, Zhu S, Ma J, Pang L, Ma B, Du L, Jin Y. Nasal timosaponin BII dually sensitive in situ hydrogels for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease induced by lipopolysaccharides. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119115. [PMID: 32045690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common and severe brain disease with a high mortality among the elders, but no highly efficient medications are currently available. For example, timosaponin BII, an efficient anti-AD agent, has low oral bioavailability. Here, timosaponin BII was formulated in a temperature/ion-sensitive in situ hydrogel (ISG) that was well transformed into gels in the nasal environment. Timosaponin BII protected the PC12 cells injured by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β and stabilizing F-actin. Timosaponin BII ISGs were intranasally administered to the mice every day for 38 days. On Day 36, LPS was injected to the mice to establish an AD model. Morris water maze experiments showed that the number of the animals that were able to cross the platform returned to normal and the total distance over which the animals moved in the open field also increased, which demonstrated that the spatial memory and spontaneous behavior were improved after treatment compared to the model. Moreover, an AD improver, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain, was reduced after treatment. High brain targeting effect of timosaponin BII ISGs was confirmed by in vivo fluorescence imaging. The nasal timosaponin BII dually sensitive ISGs can serve as a promising medication for local prevention of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ruiteng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinqiu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lulu Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
An P, Zhou X, Du Y, Zhao J, Song A, Liu H, Ma F, Huang G. Association of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Chinese Adults: A Case-control Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1309-1315. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200103110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment
in previous studies. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a reliable measure of systemic inflammation.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NLR and mild cognitive
impairment (MCI), and further to explore the diagnostic potential of the inflammatory markers NLR for
the diagnosis of MCI in elderly Chinese individuals.
Methods:
186 MCI subjects and 153 subjects with normal cognitive function were evaluated consecutively
in this study. Neutrophil (NEUT) count and Lymphocyte (LYM) count were measured in fasting
blood samples. The NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute NEUT count by the absolute LYM
count. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between NLR and
MCI. NLR for predicting MCI was analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve
analysis.
Results:
The NLR of MCI group was significantly higher than that of subjects with normal cognitive
function (2.39 ± 0.55 vs. 1.94 ± 0.51, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher NLR
was an independent risk factor for MCI (OR: 4.549, 95% CI: 2.623-7.889, P < 0.001). ROC analysis
suggested that the optimum NLR cut-off point for MCI was 2.07 with 73.66% sensitivity, 69.28% specificity,
74.48% Positive Predictive Values (PPV) and 68.36% negative predictive values (NPV). Subjects
with NLR ≥ 2.07 showed higher risk relative to NLR < 2.07 (OR: 5.933, 95% CI: 3.467-10.155, P <
0.001).
Conclusion:
The elevated NLR is significantly associated with increased risk of MCI. In particular,
NLR level higher than the threshold of 2.07 was significantly associated with the probability of MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin An
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Community Health Service Center, Sanhuailu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Song
- Community Health Service Center, Sanhuailu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ho SW, El-Nezami H, Shah NP. The protective effects of enriched citrulline fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus on the intestinal epithelium integrity against Escherichia coli infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 31949265 PMCID: PMC6965087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the protective effects of citrulline enriched-fermented milk with live Lactobacillus helveticus ASCC 511 (LH511) on intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammatory response in IPEC-J2 cells caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Five percent (v/v) of fermented milk with live LH511 and 4 mM citrulline (5%LHFM_Cit-4mM) significantly stimulated the population of IPEC-J2 cells by 36% as determined by MTT assay. Adhesion level of LH511 was significantly increased by 9.2% when incubated with 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM and 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM reduced the adhesion of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and entero-invasive (EIEC) E. coli in IPEC-J2 cells by 35.79% and 42.74%, respectively. Treatment with 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O55:B5 induced activated inflammatory cytokines expression (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) and concentration (IL-6 and IL-8) and early apoptosis. It restored the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and regulated the expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1), toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2 and TLR4) and negative regulators of TLRs signalling pathway (A20 and IRAK-M). In conclusion, our findings suggested that 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM might have the positive effects on improving and maintaining the intestinal epithelial cell integrity and inflammatory response under both normal and pathogenic LPS-stimulated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wing Ho
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Simon KU, Neto EW, Tramontin NDS, Canteiro PB, Pereira BDC, Zaccaron RP, Silveira PCL, Muller AP. Intranasal insulin treatment modulates the neurotropic, inflammatory, and oxidant mechanisms in the cortex and hippocampus in a low-grade inflammation model. Peptides 2020; 123:170175. [PMID: 31639435 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin is used in preclinical and clinical studies of neurological disorders. Its intranasal (IN) administration directly in the brain allows for its peripheral metabolic effects to be avoided. Swiss male mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.1 mg/kg) to induce low-grade inflammation. IN insulin treatment was initiated 4 h later at a dose of 1.7 IU once daily for 5 days. LPS induced cognitive deficits, which the IN insulin treatment reversed. LPS significantly decreased, whereas IN insulin significantly increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor-β in the cortex. In the hippocampus, IN insulin significantly decreased the BDNF level. LPS significantly increased the interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the cortex, while IN Insulin significantly decreased its levels in the hippocampus. The tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly decreased by IN insulin both in the cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, IN insulin significantly increased the IL-10 levels in the cortex. The levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress were significantly higher in the LPS-treated mice; however, IN insulin had a modulatory effect on both. LPS significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activity both in the cortex and hippocampus, whereas IN insulin significantly increased the activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase in the hippocampus and that of catalase in the cortex. The hydrogen peroxide levels revealed that LPS significantly affected the electron transport chain. Therefore, IN insulin could be useful in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Ugioni Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Elias Wiggers Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Natalia Dos Santos Tramontin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Bortoluzzi Canteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Barbara da Costa Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goldberg R, Meirovitz A, Abecassis A, Hermano E, Rubinstein AM, Nahmias D, Grinshpun A, Peretz T, Elkin M. Regulation of Heparanase in Diabetes-Associated Pancreatic Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1405. [PMID: 31921662 PMCID: PMC6914686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While at least six types of cancer have been associated with diabetes, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and diabetes exhibit a unique bidirectional relationship. Recent reports indicate that majority of PDAC patients display hyperglycemia, and ~50% have concurrent diabetes. In turn, hyperglycemic/diabetic state in PDAC patients fosters enhanced growth and dissemination of the tumor. Heparanase enzyme (the sole mammalian endoglycosidase degrading glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate) is tightly implicated in PDAC progression, aggressiveness, and therapy resistance. Overexpression of heparanase is a characteristic feature of PDAC, correlating with poor prognosis. However, given the lack of heparanase expression in normal pancreatic tissue, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for induction of the enzyme in PDAC have remained largely unknown. Previously reported inducibility of heparanase gene by diabetic milieu components in several non-cancerous cell types prompted us to hypothesize that in the setting of diabetes-associated PDAC, hyperglycemic state may induce heparanase overexpression. Here, utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome/diabetes, we found accelerated PDAC progression in hyperglycemic mice, occurring along with induction of heparanase in PDAC. In vitro, we demonstrated that advanced glycation end-products (AGE), which are largely thought as oxidative derivatives resulting from chronic hyperglycemia, and the receptor for AGE (RAGE) are responsible for heparanase induction in PDAC cells. These findings underscore the new mechanism underlying preferential expression of heparanase in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, taken together with the well-established causal role of the enzyme in PDAC progression, our findings indicate that heparanase may sustain (at least in part) reciprocal causality between diabetes and pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goldberg
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexia Abecassis
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Nahmias
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albert Grinshpun
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fox CW, Zhang L, Sohni A, Doblado M, Wilkinson MF, Chang RJ, Duleba AJ. Inflammatory Stimuli Trigger Increased Androgen Production and Shifts in Gene Expression in Theca-Interstitial Cells. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2946-2958. [PMID: 31599939 PMCID: PMC6855291 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by theca cell hyperplasia and excessive androgen production. An increasing body of evidence has pointed to a close association between PCOS and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. However, the mechanistic basis for this linkage is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β on rat theca-interstitial cells (TICs). We found that incubation with either LPS or IL-1β elicited a dose-dependent increase in both TIC viability and androgen production. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found that both of these inflammatory agents also triggered profound and widespread shifts in gene expression. Using a stringent statistical cutoff, LPS and IL-1β elicited differential expression of 5201 and 5953 genes, respectively. Among the genes upregulated by both LPS and IL-1β were key regulatory genes involved in the cholesterol and androgen biosynthesis pathways, including Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, and Hmgcr. This provides a molecular explanation for the mechanism of action of inflammatory agents leading to increased androgen production. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that both LPS and IL-1β regulated genes highly enriched for many common functions, including the immune response and apoptosis. However, a large number of genes (n = 2222) were also uniquely regulated by LPS and IL-1β, indicating that these inflammatory mediators have substantial differences in their mechanism of action. Together, these findings highlight the potential molecular mechanisms through which chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of androgen excess in PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea W Fox
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Abhishek Sohni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Manuel Doblado
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Antoni J. Duleba, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0633, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lajqi T, Lang GP, Haas F, Williams DL, Hudalla H, Bauer M, Groth M, Wetzker R, Bauer R. Memory-Like Inflammatory Responses of Microglia to Rising Doses of LPS: Key Role of PI3Kγ. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2492. [PMID: 31781091 PMCID: PMC6856213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity and immune tolerance have been identified as long-term response patterns of the innate immune system. The causes of these opposing reactions remain elusive. Here, we report about differential inflammatory responses of microglial cells derived from neonatal mouse brain to increasing doses of the endotoxin LPS. Prolonged priming with ultra-low LPS doses provokes trained immunity, i.e., increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison to the unprimed control. In contrast, priming with high doses of LPS induces immune tolerance, implying decreased production of inflammatory mediators and pronounced release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Investigation of the signaling processes and cell functions involved in these memory-like immune responses reveals the essential role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ), one of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase species highly expressed in innate immune cells. Together, our data suggest profound influence of preceding contacts with pathogens on the immune response of microglia. The impact of these interactions—trained immunity or immune tolerance—appears to be shaped by pathogen dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guang-Ping Lang
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabienne Haas
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, CF DNA Sequencing, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan ZZ, Huang YP, Wang X, Wang HP, Ren F, Tian RF, Cheng X, Cai J, Zhang Y, Zhu XY, She ZG, Zhang XJ, Huang Z, Li H. Integrated Omics Reveals Tollip as an Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 70:1750-1769. [PMID: 31077413 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of liver dysfunction and failure after liver resection or transplantation and lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied a systematic proteomic analysis to identify the prominent contributors to IR-induced liver damage and promising therapeutic targets for this condition. Based on an unbiased proteomic analysis, we found that toll-interacting protein (Tollip) expression was closely correlated with the hepatic IR process. RNA sequencing analysis and phenotypic examination showed a dramatically alleviated hepatic IR injury by Tollip deficiency both in vivo and in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Tollip interacts with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and facilitates the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to ASK1, leading to enhanced ASK1 N-terminal dimerization and the subsequent activation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Furthermore, the Tollip methionine and phenylalanine motif and TRAF6 ubiquitinating activity are required for Tollip-regulated ASK1-MAPK axis activation. Conclusion: Tollip is a regulator of hepatic IR injury by facilitating ASK1 N-terminal dimerization and the resultant c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 signaling activation. Inhibiting Tollip or its interaction with ASK1 might be promising therapeutic strategies for hepatic IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Feng Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rahtes A, Pradhan K, Sarma M, Xie D, Lu C, Li L. Phenylbutyrate facilitates homeostasis of non-resolving inflammatory macrophages. Innate Immun 2019; 26:62-72. [PMID: 31604378 PMCID: PMC6974874 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919879503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammatory monocytes/macrophages are critically involved in the
pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of macrophage
polarization are not well understood, thus hindering the development of
effective strategies to promote inflammation resolution. In this study, we
report that macrophages polarized by subclinical super-low dose LPS
preferentially expressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as
ccl2 (which encodes the protein monocyte chemo attractant
protein-1) with reduced expression of anti-inflammatory/homeostatic mediators
such as slc40a1 (which encodes the protein ferroportin-1). We
observed significantly elevated levels of the autophagy-associated and
pro-inflammatory protein p62 in polarized macrophages, closely correlated with
the inflammatory activation of ccl2 gene expression. In
contrast, we noted a significant increase of ubiquitinated/inactive
nuclear-erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2), consistent with reduced
slc40a1 gene expression in polarized macrophages. Addition
of the homeostatic restorative agent phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) effectively reduced
cellular levels of p62 as well as ccl2 gene induction by
super-low dose LPS. On the other hand, application of 4-PBA also blocked the
accumulation of ubiquitinated NRF2 and restored anti-inflammatory
slc40a1 gene expression in macrophages. Together, our study
provides novel insights with regard to macrophage polarization and reveals 4-PBA
as a promising molecule in restoring macrophage homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Mimosa Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - David Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
van den Brink W, van Bilsen J, Salic K, Hoevenaars FPM, Verschuren L, Kleemann R, Bouwman J, Ronnett GV, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Current and Future Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Inflammatory Dynamics in Metabolic Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:129. [PMID: 31508422 PMCID: PMC6718105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders have a large impact on global health, especially in Western countries. An important hallmark of metabolic disorders is chronic low-grade inflammation. A key player in chronic low-grade inflammation is dysmetabolism, which is defined as the inability to keep homeostasis resulting in loss of lipid control, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Although often not yet detectable in the circulation, chronic low-grade inflammation can be present in one or multiple organs. The response to a metabolic challenge containing lipids may magnify dysfunctionalities at the tissue level, causing an overflow of inflammatory markers into the circulation and hence allow detection of early low-grade inflammation. Here, we summarize the evidence of successful application of metabolic challenge tests in type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and unhealthy aging. We also review how metabolic challenge tests have been successfully applied to evaluate nutritional intervention effects, including an "anti-inflammatory" mixture, dark chocolate, whole grain wheat and overfeeding. Additionally, we elaborate on future strategies to (re)gain inflammatory flexibility. Through epigenetic and metabolic regulation, the inflammatory response may be trained by regular mild and metabolic triggers, which can be understood from the perspective of trained immunity, hormesis and pro-resolution. New strategies to optimize dynamics of inflammation may become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem van den Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van Bilsen
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Femke P. M. Hoevenaars
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | | | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Y, Lee C, Geng S, Li L. Enhanced tumor immune surveillance through neutrophil reprogramming due to Tollip deficiency. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122939. [PMID: 30674719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of the tumor immune environment for the modulation of tumorigenesis and tumor regression is becoming increasingly clear, most of the research related to tumor-immune therapies has focused on adaptive immune cells, while the role and regulation of innate leukocytes such as neutrophils remains controversial and less defined. Here we observed that the selective deletion of Tollip, a key innate immune-cell modulator, led to enhanced tumor immune surveillance in a chemically induced colorectal cancer model. Tollip-deficient neutrophils significantly elevated T cell activation through enhanced expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80, and reduced expression of the inhibitory molecule PD-L1. Mechanistically, Tollip deficiency increased STAT5 and reduced STAT1, the transcription factors responsible for the expression of CD80 and PD-L1, respectively. Through adoptive transfer, we demonstrate that Tollip-deficient neutrophils, but not Tollip-deficient monocytes, are sufficient to drive enhanced tumor immune surveillance and reduced colorectal cancer burden in vivo. Our data reveal a strategy for the reprogramming of neutrophil functions conducive for the enhancement of the antitumor immune environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | - Christina Lee
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jia L, Lu J, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Xu H, Zheng W, Zhao J, Liang G, Xu L. Tolerogenic dendritic cells induced the enrichment of CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells via TGF-β in mesenteric lymph nodes of murine LPS-induced tolerance model. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:118-129. [PMID: 30248398 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance is an important state for the prevention of lethal infection and inflammatory response, which is closely associated with the participation of innate immune cells. Moreover, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs)-resident immune cells, such as CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and dendritic cells, play important roles in the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. However, the potential roles of these cells in MLNs in the development of endotoxin tolerance remain largely unknown. Recent research work showed that CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells contributed to the development of endotoxin tolerance. Here, we further analyzed the possible change on CD4+Foxp3+Tregs population in MLNs in murine LPS-induced endotoxin tolerance model. Our data showed that the proportion and absolute number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs, expressing altered levels of CTLA4 and GITR, significantly increased in MLNs of murine LPS-induced tolerance model. Moreover, the expression level of TGF-β in MLNs also increased obviously. Furthermore, TGF-β blockade could obviously reduce the proportion and absolute number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs in MLNs and subsequently impair the protection effect against LPS rechallenge. Of note, we found that tolerogenic dendritic cell (Tol-DC), expressing lower levels of MHC-II and CD86 molecules, dominantly secreted TGF-β in MLNs in murine LPS-induced tolerance model. In all, our data provided an unknown phenomenon that the total cell number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs significantly increased in MLNs in endotoxin tolerance, which was related to MLN-resident TGF-β secreting CD11c+DCs, providing a new fundamental basis for the understanding on the potential roles of MLN-resident immune cells in the development of endotoxin tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 56000, PR China
| | - Yijing Tao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Hualin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Zunyi 563000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kowalski E, Geng S, Rathes A, Lu R, Li L. Toll-interacting protein differentially modulates HIF1α and STAT5-mediated genes in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12239-12247. [PMID: 29921584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) deficiency has been implicated in complex inflammatory and infectious diseases whose mechanisms are poorly understood. Comparing the gene expression profiles of WT and Tollip-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts, we observed here that Tollip deficiency selectively reduces the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) but potentiates the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in these cells. We also observed that expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α) is reduced, whereas that of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is elevated, in Tollip-deficient cells, correlating with the decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of FABP4 in these cells. We further found that the coupling of ubiquitin to ER degradation (CUE) domain of Tollip is required for stimulating HIF1α activity, because Tollip CUE-domain mutant cells exhibited reduced levels of HIF1α and selected cytokines. Tollip is known to mediate autophagy and lysosome fusion, and herein we observed that Tollip's autophagy function is required for modulating STAT5 and FABP4 expression. Bafilomycin A, an inhibitor of lysosome fusion, enhanced STAT5 and FABP4 expression in WT fibroblasts, whereas torin 2, an activator of autophagy, reduced STAT5 and FABP4 expression in Tollip-deficient fibroblasts. Taken together, our study reveals that Tollip differentially modulates HIF1α and STAT5 expression in fibroblasts, potentially explaining the complex and context-dependent contribution of Tollip to disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kowalski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Allison Rathes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.
| |
Collapse
|