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Kandasamy M, Gileadi U, Rijal P, Tan TK, Lee LN, Chen J, Prota G, Klenerman P, Townsend A, Cerundolo V. Recombinant single-cycle influenza virus with exchangeable pseudotypes allows repeated immunization to augment anti-tumour immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors. eLife 2023; 12:76414. [PMID: 36626205 PMCID: PMC9831609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-based tumour vaccines offer many advantages compared to other antigen-delivering systems. They generate concerted innate and adaptive immune response, and robust CD8+ T cell responses. We engineered a non-replicating pseudotyped influenza virus (S-FLU) to deliver the well-known cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1 (NY-ESO-1 S-FLU). Intranasal or intramuscular immunization of NY-ESO-1 S-FLU virus in mice elicited a strong NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell response in lungs and spleen that resulted in the regression of NY-ESO-1-expressing lung tumour and subcutaneous tumour, respectively. Combined administration with anti-PD-1 antibody, NY-ESO-1 S-FLU virus augmented the tumour protection by reducing the tumour metastasis. We propose that the antigen delivery through S-FLU is highly efficient in inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response and protection against tumour development in combination with PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheswaran Kandasamy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lian N Lee
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Peter Medawar Building, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jili Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Prota
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Peter Medawar Building, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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2
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Multiple modes of antigen exposure induce clonotypically diverse epitope-specific CD8+ T cells across multiple tissues in nonhuman primates. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010611. [PMID: 35797339 PMCID: PMC9262242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play a key role in the host’s antiviral response. T cells recognize viral epitopes via the T cell receptor (TCR), which contains the complementarity-determining region-3 (CDR3), comprising the variable, diversity and joining regions of the TCRβ gene. During chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Asian macaque nonhuman primates, tissue-specific clonotypes are identifiable among SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we sought to determine level of antigen exposure responsible for the tissue-specific clonotypic structure. We examined whether the priming event and/or chronic antigen exposure is response for tissue-specific TCR repertoires. We evaluated the TCR repertoire of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells after acute antigen exposure following inoculation with a SIV DNA vaccine, longitudinally during the acute and chronic phases of SIV, and after administration of antiretrovirals (ARVs). Finally, we assessed the TCR repertoire of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cells to establish if TCR tissue-specificity is shared among viruses that chronically replicate. TCR sequences unique to anatomical sites were identified after acute antigen exposure via vaccination and upon acute SIV infection. Tissue-specific clones also persisted into chronic infection and the clonotypic structure continued to evolve after ARV administration. Finally, tissue-specific clones were also observed in CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. Together, these data suggest that acute antigen priming is sufficient to induce tissue-specific clones and that this clonal hierarchy can persist when antigen loads are naturally or therapeutically reduced, providing mechanistic insight into tissue-residency. During viral infection, CD8+ T cells that bind a specific viral particle through their T cell receptor (TCR) can help control viral replication. Infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates is a commonly used animal model of HIV infection. Here we assess the TCR sequences of CD8+ T cells specific for the SIV gag gene during vaccination with an experimental SIV vaccine and throughout SIV infection, including during treatment with antiretroviral drugs. We identified unique TCR sequences in specific tissues, which were not identified in the blood or in other tissues, both in response to vaccination and throughout SIV infection with and without antiretroviral treatment. We also observed tissue-specific TCR sequences in CD8+ T cells specific for Cytomegalovius, another virus that causes a chronic infection in humans. Together, our findings identify the conditions required to form a tissue-specific TCR repertoire.
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3
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Sakurai F, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. Adenovirus vector-based vaccine for infectious diseases. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 42:100432. [PMID: 34974335 PMCID: PMC8585960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been widely used as gene delivery vehicles in both gene therapy studies and basic studies for gene function analysis due to their highly advantageous properties, which include high transduction efficiencies, relatively large capacities for transgenes, and high titer production. In addition, Ad vectors induce moderate levels of innate immunity and have relatively high thermostability, making them very attractive as potential vaccine vectors. Accordingly, it is anticipated that Ad vectors will be used in vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, including Ebola virus disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much attention is currently focused on the potential use of an Ad vector vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we describe the basic properties of an Ad vector, Ad vector-induced innate immunity and immune responses to Ad vector-produced transgene products. Development of novel Ad vectors which can overcome the drawbacks of conventional Ad vector vaccines and clinical application of Ad vector vaccines to several infectious diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Vatzia E, Allen ER, Manjegowda T, Morris S, McNee A, Martini V, Kaliath R, Ulaszewska M, Boyd A, Paudyal B, Carr VB, Chrun T, Maze E, MacLoughlin R, van Diemen PM, Everett HE, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Tchilian E. Respiratory and Intramuscular Immunization With ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA Induces Distinct Immune Responses in H1N1pdm09 Pre-Exposed Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763912. [PMID: 34804053 PMCID: PMC8595216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop superior influenza vaccines that provide broader protection. Influenza vaccines are traditionally tested in naive animals, although humans are exposed to influenza in the first years of their lives, but the impact of prior influenza exposure on vaccine immune responses has not been well studied. Pigs are an important natural host for influenza, are a source of pandemic viruses, and are an excellent model for human influenza. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx2 viral vectored vaccine, expressing influenza nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and neuraminidase in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs. We evaluated the importance of the route of administration by comparing intranasal, aerosol, and intramuscular immunizations. Aerosol delivery boosted the local lung T-cell and antibody responses, while intramuscular immunization boosted peripheral blood immunity. These results will inform how best to deliver vaccines in order to harness optimal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vatzia
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanuja Manjegowda
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Morris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Martini
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma Kaliath
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Boyd
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica B Carr
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphany Chrun
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Maze
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen E Everett
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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5
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Wijesinghe VN, Farouk IA, Zabidi NZ, Puniyamurti A, Choo WS, Lal SK. Current vaccine approaches and emerging strategies against herpes simplex virus (HSV). Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1077-1096. [PMID: 34296960 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1960162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccine development for the disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been challenging over the years and is always in dire need of novel approaches for prevention and cure. To date, the HSV disease remains incurable and challenging to prevent. The disease is extremely widespread due to its high infection rate, resulting in millions of infection cases worldwide.Areas covered: This review first explains the diverse forms of HSV-related disease presentations and reports past vaccine history for the disease. Next, this review examines current and novel HSV vaccine approaches being studied and tested for efficacy and safety as well as vaccines in clinical trial phases I to III. Modern approaches to vaccine design using bioinformatics are described. Finally, we discuss measures to enhance new vaccine development pipelines for HSV.Expert opinion: Modernized approaches using in silico analysis and bioinformatics are emerging methods that exhibit potential for producing vaccines with enhanced targets and formulations. Although not yet fully established for HSV disease, we describe current studies using these approaches for HSV vaccine design to shed light on these methods. In addition, we provide up-to-date requirements of immunogenicity, adjuvant selection, and routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isra Ahmad Farouk
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Hancock G, Blight J, Lopez-Camacho C, Kopycinski J, Pocock M, Byrne W, Price MJ, Kemlo P, Evans RI, Bloss A, Saunders K, Kirton R, Andersson M, Hellner K, Reyes-Sandoval A, Dorrell L. A multi-genotype therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccine elicits potent T cell responses to conserved regions of early proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18713. [PMID: 31822717 PMCID: PMC6904585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an efficacious prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine there is still a considerable global burden of HPV-related disease. Therapeutic vaccines that could prevent cancers in at-risk women are urgently needed. Most candidate therapeutic vaccines have focused on two high-risk (hr) HPV genotypes, 16 and 18, and two viral targets, E6 and E7, which may limit global coverage and efficacy. We designed the synthetic gene '5GHPV3' by selecting conserved regions from each of the six early proteins and generating consensus sequences to represent five hrHPV genotypes. 5GHPV3 was delivered by plasmid DNA, chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdOx1) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors in prime-boost regimens to mice. ChAdOx1-5GHPV3 / MVA-5GHPV3 induced higher magnitude and more durable HPV-specific T cell responses than other regimens. Vaccine-induced T cells were polyfunctional and persisted at high frequencies for at least six weeks. Importantly, HPV-specific effector CD8 + T cells were detected in the cervix following systemic administration of ChAdOx1-5GHPV3 / MVA-5GHPV3 and increased in frequency over time, indicating continued trafficking of T cells to the cervix. Finally, T cells specific for 5GHPV3 encoded antigens were detected by IFN-γ Elispot in women with current or past hrHPV infections, confirming the presence of epitopes relevant to natural immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hancock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK.
| | - Joshua Blight
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Cesar Lopez-Camacho
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Jakub Kopycinski
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Mamatha Pocock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Wendy Byrne
- Direct Delivery Team, NIHR Clinical Research Network Thames Valley and South Midlands, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Block 8, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael J Price
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Phillip Kemlo
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Ranoromanana Ionitiana Evans
- Direct Delivery Team, NIHR Clinical Research Network Thames Valley and South Midlands, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Block 8, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Angela Bloss
- Direct Delivery Team, NIHR Clinical Research Network Thames Valley and South Midlands, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Block 8, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Kathryn Saunders
- Direct Delivery Team, NIHR Clinical Research Network Thames Valley and South Midlands, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Block 8, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Richard Kirton
- Microbiology Department, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Monique Andersson
- Microbiology Department, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Karin Hellner
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
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7
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Pejoski D, Ballester M, Auderset F, Vono M, Christensen D, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4 + T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1650. [PMID: 31396211 PMCID: PMC6668556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) that drain the gut and skin are known to favor the establishment of T cell populations that home to the original site of DC-antigen (Ag) encounter by providing soluble “imprinting” signals to T cells in the lymph node (LN). To study the induction of lung T cell-trafficking, we used a protein-adjuvant murine intranasal and intramuscular immunization model to compare in vivo-activated Ag+ DCs in the lung and muscle-draining LNs. Higher frequencies of Ag+ CD11b+ DCs were observed in lung-draining mediastinal LNs (MedLN) compared to muscle-draining inguinal LNs (ILN). Ag+ CD11b+ MedLN DCs were qualitatively superior at priming CD4+ T cells, which then expressed CD49a and CXCR3, and preferentially trafficked into the lung parenchyma. CD11b+ DCs from the MedLN expressed higher levels of surface podoplanin, Trem4, GL7, and the known co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD24. Blockade of specific MedLN DC molecules or the use of sorted DC and T cell co-cultures demonstrated that DC surface phenotype influences the ability to prime T cells that then home to the lung. Thus, the density of dLN Ag+ DCs, and DC surface molecule signatures are factors that can influence the output and differentiation of lung-homing CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Zaric M, Becker PD, Hervouet C, Kalcheva P, Doszpoly A, Blattman N, A O' Neill L, Yus BI, Cocita C, Kwon SY, Baker AH, Lord GM, Klavinskis LS. Skin immunisation activates an innate lymphoid cell-monocyte axis regulating CD8 + effector recruitment to mucosal tissues. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2214. [PMID: 31101810 PMCID: PMC6525176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells provide a critical defence from pathogens at mucosal epithelia including the female reproductive tract (FRT). Mucosal immunisation is considered essential to initiate this response, however this is difficult to reconcile with evidence that antigen delivered to skin can recruit protective CD8+ T cells to mucosal tissues. Here we dissect the underlying mechanism. We show that adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) bio-distributes at very low level to non-lymphoid tissues after skin immunisation. This drives the expansion and activation of CD3- NK1.1+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) within the FRT, essential for recruitment of CD8+ T-cell effectors. Interferon gamma produced by activated ILC1 is critical to licence CD11b+Ly6C+ monocyte production of CXCL9, a chemokine required to recruit skin primed CXCR3+ CD8+T-cells to the FRT. Our findings reveal a novel role for ILC1 to recruit effector CD8+ T-cells to prevent virus spread and establish immune surveillance at barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zaric
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pablo D Becker
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine Hervouet
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Petya Kalcheva
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andor Doszpoly
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Negin Blattman
- Biodesign Institute, Centre for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lauren A O' Neill
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Barbara Ibarzo Yus
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Clement Cocita
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Linda S Klavinskis
- School of Immunobiology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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9
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Abstract
Resident memory T (Trm) cells stably occupy tissues and cannot be sampled in superficial venous blood. Trm cells are heterogeneous but collectively constitute the most abundant memory T cell subset. Trm cells form an integral part of the immune sensing network, monitor for local perturbations in homeostasis throughout the body, participate in protection from infection and cancer, and likely promote autoimmunity, allergy, and inflammatory diseases and impede successful transplantation. Thus Trm cells are major candidates for therapeutic manipulation. Here we review CD8+ and CD4+ Trm ontogeny, maintenance, function, and distribution within lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and strategies for their study. We briefly discuss other resident leukocyte populations, including innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, natural killer and natural killer T cells, nonclassical T cells, and memory B cells. Lastly, we highlight major gaps in knowledge and propose ways in which a deeper understanding could result in new methods to prevent or treat diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
| | - Andrew G Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
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10
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Çuburu N, Kim R, Guittard GC, Thompson CD, Day PM, Hamm DE, Pang YYS, Graham BS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. A Prime-Pull-Amplify Vaccination Strategy To Maximize Induction of Circulating and Genital-Resident Intraepithelial CD8 + Memory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1250-1264. [PMID: 30635393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent insight into the mechanisms of induction of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) enables the development of novel vaccine strategies against sexually transmitted infections. To maximize both systemic and genital intraepithelial CD8+ T cells against vaccine Ags, we assessed combinations of i.m. and intravaginal routes in heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens with unrelated viral vectors. Only i.m. prime followed by intravaginal boost induced concomitant strong systemic and intraepithelial genital-resident CD8+ T cell responses. Intravaginal boost with vectors expressing vaccine Ags was far superior to intravaginal instillation of CXCR3 chemokine receptor ligands or TLR 3, 7, and 9 agonists to recruit and increase the pool of cervicovaginal CD8+ TRM Transient Ag presentation increased trafficking of cognate and bystander circulating activated, but not naive, CD8+ T cells into the genital tract and induced in situ proliferation and differentiation of cognate CD8+ TRM Secondary genital CD8+ TRM were induced in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and shared a similar TCR repertoire with systemic CD8+ T cells. This prime-pull-amplify approach elicited systemic and genital CD8+ T cell responses against high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein and conferred CD8-mediated protection to a vaccinia virus genital challenge. These results underscore the importance of the delivery route of nonreplicating vectors in prime-boost immunization to shape the tissue distribution of CD8+ T cell responses. In this context, the importance of local Ag presentation to elicit genital CD8+ TRM provides a rationale to develop novel vaccines against sexually transmitted infections and to treat human papillomavirus neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Rina Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Geoffrey C Guittard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cynthia D Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Patricia M Day
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David E Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102; and
| | - Yuk-Ying S Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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11
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Chou C, Li MO. Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes Across Innate and Adaptive Lineages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2104. [PMID: 30298068 PMCID: PMC6160555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are an integral component of the immune system. Classically, all lymphocytes were thought to perpetually recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs and only traffic to non-lymphoid tissues upon activation. In recent years, a diverse family of non-circulating lymphocytes have been identified. These include innate lymphocytes, innate-like T cells and a subset of conventional T cells. Spanning the innate-adaptive spectrum, these tissue-resident lymphocytes carry out specialized functions and cross-talk with other immune cell types to maintain tissue integrity and homeostasis both at the steady state and during pathological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneous tissue-resident lymphocyte populations, discuss their development, and highlight their functions both in the context of microbial infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Zaric M, Becker PD, Hervouet C, Kalcheva P, Ibarzo Yus B, Cocita C, O'Neill LA, Kwon SY, Klavinskis LS. Long-lived tissue resident HIV-1 specific memory CD8 + T cells are generated by skin immunization with live virus vectored microneedle arrays. J Control Release 2017; 268:166-175. [PMID: 29056444 PMCID: PMC5735037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The generation of tissue resident memory (TRM) cells at the body surfaces to provide a front line defence against invading pathogens represents an important goal in vaccine development for a wide variety of pathogens. It has been widely assumed that local vaccine delivery to the mucosae is necessary to achieve that aim. Here we characterise a novel micro-needle array (MA) delivery system fabricated to deliver a live recombinant human adenovirus type 5 vaccine vector (AdHu5) encoding HIV-1 gag. We demonstrate rapid dissolution kinetics of the microneedles in skin. Moreover, a consequence of MA vaccine cargo release was the generation of long-lived antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that accumulate in mucosal tissues, including the female genital and respiratory tract. The memory CD8+ T cell population maintained in the peripheral mucosal tissues was attributable to a MA delivered AdHu5 vaccine instructing CD8+ T cell expression of CXCR3+, CD103+, CD49a+, CD69+, CD127+ homing, retention and survival markers. Furthermore, memory CD8+ T cells generated by MA immunization significantly expanded upon locally administered antigenic challenge and showed a predominant poly-functional profile producing high levels of IFNγ and Granzyme B. These data demonstrate that skin vaccine delivery using microneedle technology induces mobilization of long lived, poly-functional CD8+ T cells to peripheral tissues, phenotypically displaying hallmarks of residency and yields new insights into how to design and deliver effective vaccine candidates with properties to exert local immunosurveillance at the mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zaric
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Daniel Becker
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hervouet
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Petya Kalcheva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Ibarzo Yus
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Cocita
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Alexandra O'Neill
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda Sylvia Klavinskis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Hemmi M, Tachibana M, Fujimoto N, Shoji M, Sakurai F, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Mizuguchi H. T Helper 17 Promotes Induction of Antigen-Specific Gut-Mucosal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes following Adenovirus Vector Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1456. [PMID: 29163524 PMCID: PMC5681732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few current vaccines can establish antigen (Ag)-specific immune responses in both mucosal and systemic compartments. Therefore, development of vaccines providing defense against diverse infectious agents in both compartments is of high priority in global health. Intramuscular vaccination of an adenovirus vector (Adv) has been shown to induce Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in both systemic and gut-mucosal compartments. We previously found that type I interferon (IFN) signaling is required for induction of gut-mucosal, but not systemic, CTLs following vaccination; however, the molecular mechanism involving type I IFN signaling remains unknown. Here, we found that T helper 17 (Th17)-polarizing cytokine expression was down-regulated in the inguinal lymph nodes (iLNs) of Ifnar2−/− mice, resulting in the reduction of Ag-specific Th17 cells in the iLNs and gut mucosa of the mice. We also found that prior transfer of Th17 cells reversed the decrease in the number of Ag-specific gut-mucosal CTLs in Ifnar2−/− mice following Adv vaccination. Additionally, prior transfer of Th17 cells into wild-type mice enhanced the induction of Ag-specific CTLs in the gut mucosa, but not in systemic compartments, suggesting a gut mucosa-specific mechanism where Th17 cells regulate the magnitude of vaccine-elicited Ag-specific CTL responses. These data suggest that Th17 cells translate systemic type I IFN signaling into a gut-mucosal CTL response following vaccination, which could promote the development of promising Adv vaccines capable of establishing both systemic and gut-mucosal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Hemmi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Regulatory Sciences for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, Clinical Drug Development Unit, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, The Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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14
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A brief review on the immunological scenario and recent developmental status of vaccines against enteric fever. Vaccine 2017; 35:6359-6366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Holechek SA, McAfee MS, Nieves LM, Guzman VP, Manhas K, Fouts T, Bagley K, Blattman JN. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a molecular adjuvant for enhancement of mucosal immunity during DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2016; 34:5629-5635. [PMID: 27670072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order for vaccines to induce efficacious immune responses against mucosally transmitted pathogens, such as HIV-1, activated lymphocytes must efficiently migrate to and enter targeted mucosal sites. We have previously shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance mucosal CD8+ T cell responses during vaccination and improve protection against mucosal viral challenge. However, the ATRA formulation is incompatible with most recombinant vaccines, and the teratogenic potential of ATRA at high doses limits its usage in many clinical settings. We hypothesized that increasing in vivo production of retinoic acid (RA) during vaccination with a DNA vector expressing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme in RA biosynthesis, could similarly provide enhanced programming of mucosal homing to T cell responses while avoiding teratogenic effects. Administration of a RALDH2- expressing plasmid during immunization with a HIVgag DNA vaccine resulted in increased systemic and mucosal CD8+ T cell numbers with an increase in both effector and central memory T cells. Moreover, mice that received RALDH2 plasmid during DNA vaccination were more resistant to intravaginal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the same HIVgag antigen (VACVgag). Thus, RALDH2 can be used as an alternative adjuvant to ATRA during DNA vaccination leading to an increase in both systemic and mucosal T cell immunity and better protection from viral infection at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Holechek
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States; Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3901, United States
| | - Megan S McAfee
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Lizbeth M Nieves
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Vanessa P Guzman
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Kavita Manhas
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Timothy Fouts
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kenneth Bagley
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Joseph N Blattman
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States.
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16
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Zarnitsyna VI, Handel A, McMaster SR, Hayward SL, Kohlmeier JE, Antia R. Mathematical Model Reveals the Role of Memory CD8 T Cell Populations in Recall Responses to Influenza. Front Immunol 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 27242779 PMCID: PMC4861172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current influenza vaccine provides narrow protection against the strains included in the vaccine, and needs to be reformulated every few years in response to the constantly evolving new strains. Novel approaches are directed toward developing vaccines that provide broader protection by targeting B and T cell epitopes that are conserved between different strains of the virus. In this paper, we focus on developing mathematical models to explore the CD8 T cell responses to influenza, how they can be boosted, and the conditions under which they contribute to protection. Our models suggest that the interplay between spatial heterogeneity (with the virus infecting the respiratory tract and the immune response being generated in the secondary lymphoid organs) and T cell differentiation (with proliferation occurring in the lymphoid organs giving rise to a subpopulation of resident T cells in the respiratory tract) is the key to understand the dynamics of protection afforded by the CD8 T cell response to influenza. Our results suggest that the time lag for the generation of resident T cells in the respiratory tract and their rate of decay following infection are the key factors that limit the efficacy of CD8 T cell responses. The models predict that an increase in the level of central memory T cells leads to a gradual decrease in the viral load, and, in contrast, there is a sharper protection threshold for the relationship between the size of the population of resident T cells and protection. The models also suggest that repeated natural influenza infections cause the number of central memory CD8 T cells and the peak number of resident memory CD8 T cells to reach their plateaus, and while the former is maintained, the latter decays with time since the most recent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika I Zarnitsyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Andreas Handel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Sean R McMaster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Sarah L Hayward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
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17
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Steinert EM, Schenkel JM, Fraser KA, Beura LK, Manlove LS, Igyártó BZ, Southern PJ, Masopust D. Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance. Cell 2016; 161:737-49. [PMID: 25957682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells protect against intracellular pathogens by scanning host cell surfaces; thus, infection detection rates depend on memory cell number and distribution. Population analyses rely on cell isolation from whole organs, and interpretation is predicated on presumptions of near complete cell recovery. Paradigmatically, memory is parsed into central, effector, and resident subsets, ostensibly defined by immunosurveillance patterns but in practice identified by phenotypic markers. Because isolation methods ultimately inform models of memory T cell differentiation, protection, and vaccine translation, we tested their validity via parabiosis and quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of a mouse memory CD8 T cell population. We report three major findings: lymphocyte isolation fails to recover most cells and biases against certain subsets, residents greatly outnumber recirculating cells within non-lymphoid tissues, and memory subset homing to inflammation does not conform to previously hypothesized migration patterns. These results indicate that most host cells are surveyed for reinfection by segregated residents rather than by recirculating cells that migrate throughout the blood and body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steinert
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kathryn A Fraser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Luke S Manlove
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Botond Z Igyártó
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peter J Southern
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Intranasal Vaccination Affords Localization and Persistence of Antigen-Specific CD8⁺ T Lymphocytes in the Female Reproductive Tract. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4010007. [PMID: 26999228 PMCID: PMC4810059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization strategies generating large numbers of antigen-specific T cells in the female reproductive tract (FRT) can provide barrier protection against sexually-transmitted pathogens, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomaviruses (HPV). The kinetics and mechanisms of regulation of vaccine-induced adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses in FRT are less well defined. We present here evidence for intranasal delivery of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) along with alpha-galactosylceramide adjuvant as a protein vaccine to induce significantly higher levels of antigen-specific effector and memory CD8⁺ T cells in the FRT, relative to other systemic and mucosal tissues. Antibody blocking of the CXCR3 receptor significantly reduced antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells subsequent to intranasal delivery of the protein vaccine suggesting an important role for the CXCR3 chemokine-receptor signaling for T cell trafficking. Further, intranasal vaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing OVA or HIV-1 envelope was as effective as intramuscular vaccination for generating OVA- or ENV-specific immunity in the FRT. These results support the application of the needle-free intranasal route as a practical approach to delivering protein as well as DNA/virus vector-based vaccines for efficient induction of effector and memory T cell immunity in the FRT.
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19
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Martin MD, Kim MT, Shan Q, Sompallae R, Xue HH, Harty JT, Badovinac VP. Phenotypic and Functional Alterations in Circulating Memory CD8 T Cells with Time after Primary Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005219. [PMID: 26485703 PMCID: PMC4618693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells confer increased protection to immune hosts upon secondary viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. The level of protection provided depends on the numbers, quality (functional ability), and location of memory CD8 T cells present at the time of infection. While primary memory CD8 T cells can be maintained for the life of the host, the full extent of phenotypic and functional changes that occur over time after initial antigen encounter remains poorly characterized. Here we show that critical properties of circulating primary memory CD8 T cells, including location, phenotype, cytokine production, maintenance, secondary proliferation, secondary memory generation potential, and mitochondrial function change with time after infection. Interestingly, phenotypic and functional alterations in the memory population are not due solely to shifts in the ratio of effector (CD62Llo) and central memory (CD62Lhi) cells, but also occur within defined CD62Lhi memory CD8 T cell subsets. CD62Lhi memory cells retain the ability to efficiently produce cytokines with time after infection. However, while it is was not formally tested whether changes in CD62Lhi memory CD8 T cells over time occur in a cell intrinsic manner or are due to selective death and/or survival, the gene expression profiles of CD62Lhi memory CD8 T cells change, phenotypic heterogeneity decreases, and mitochondrial function and proliferative capacity in either a lymphopenic environment or in response to antigen re-encounter increase with time. Importantly, and in accordance with their enhanced proliferative and metabolic capabilities, protection provided against chronic LCMV clone-13 infection increases over time for both circulating memory CD8 T cell populations and for CD62Lhi memory cells. Taken together, the data in this study reveal that memory CD8 T cells continue to change with time after infection and suggest that the outcome of vaccination strategies designed to elicit protective memory CD8 T cells using single or prime-boost immunizations depends upon the timing between antigen encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Martin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Qiang Shan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ramakrishna Sompallae
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics Bioinformatics Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John T. Harty
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kim ED, Han SJ, Byun YH, Yoon SC, Choi KS, Seong BL, Seo KY. Inactivated Eyedrop Influenza Vaccine Adjuvanted with Poly(I:C) Is Safe and Effective for Inducing Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137608. [PMID: 26355295 PMCID: PMC4565664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye route has been evaluated as an efficient vaccine delivery routes. However, in order to induce sufficient antibody production with inactivated vaccine, testing of the safety and efficacy of the use of inactivated antigen plus adjuvant is needed. Here, we assessed various types of adjuvants in eyedrop as an anti-influenza serum and mucosal Ab production-enhancer in BALB/c mice. Among the adjuvants, poly (I:C) showed as much enhancement in antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody production as cholera toxin (CT) after vaccinations with trivalent hemagglutinin-subunits or split H1N1 vaccine antigen in mice. Vaccination with split H1N1 eyedrop vaccine antigen plus poly(I:C) showed a similar or slightly lower efficacy in inducing antibody production than intranasal vaccination; the eyedrop vaccine-induced immunity was enough to protect mice from lethal homologous influenza A/California/04/09 (H1N1) virus challenge. Additionally, ocular inoculation with poly(I:C) plus vaccine antigen generated no signs of inflammation within 24 hours: no increases in the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines nor in the infiltration of mononuclear cells to administration sites. In contrast, CT administration induced increased expression of IL-6 cytokine mRNA and mononuclear cell infiltration in the conjunctiva within 24 hours of vaccination. Moreover, inoculated visualizing materials by eyedrop did not contaminate the surface of the olfactory bulb in mice; meanwhile, intranasally administered materials defiled the surface of the brain. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the use of eyedrop inactivated influenza vaccine plus poly(I:C) is a safe and effective mucosal vaccine strategy for inducing protective anti-influenza immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Choi
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Nizard M, Diniz MO, Roussel H, Tran T, Ferreira LC, Badoual C, Tartour E. Mucosal vaccines: novel strategies and applications for the control of pathogens and tumors at mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2175-87. [PMID: 25424921 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system displays several adaptations reflecting the exposure to the external environment. The efficient induction of mucosal immune responses also requires specific approaches, such as the use of appropriate administration routes and specific adjuvants and/or delivery systems. In contrast to vaccines delivered via parenteral routes, experimental, and clinical evidences demonstrated that mucosal vaccines can efficiently induce local immune responses to pathogens or tumors located at mucosal sites as well as systemic response. At least in part, such features can be explained by the compartmentalization of mucosal B and T cell populations that play important roles in the modulation of local immune responses. In the present review, we discuss molecular and cellular features of the mucosal immune system as well as novel immunization approaches that may lead to the development of innovative and efficient vaccines targeting pathogens and tumors at different mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevyn Nizard
- a INSERM U970; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris-Cité; Paris, France
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22
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Lorin C, Vanloubbeeck Y, Baudart S, Ska M, Bayat B, Brauers G, Clarinval G, Donner MN, Marchand M, Koutsoukos M, Mettens P, Cohen J, Voss G. Heterologous prime-boost regimens with a recombinant chimpanzee adenoviral vector and adjuvanted F4 protein elicit polyfunctional HIV-1-specific T-Cell responses in macaques. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122835. [PMID: 25856308 PMCID: PMC4391709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are important for HIV-1 replication control. F4/AS01 consists of F4 recombinant fusion protein (containing clade B Gag/p24, Pol/RT, Nef and Gag/p17) formulated in AS01 Adjuvant System, and was shown to induce F4-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses in humans. While replication-incompetent recombinant HIV-1/SIV antigen-expressing human adenoviral vectors can elicit high-frequency antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, their use is hampered by widespread pre-existing immunity to human serotypes. Non-human adenovirus serotypes associated with lower prevalence may offer an alternative strategy. We evaluated the immunogenicity of AdC7-GRN ('A'), a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus type 7 vector expressing clade B Gag, RT and Nef, and F4/AS01 ('P'), when delivered intramuscularly in homologous (PP or AA) and heterologous (AAPP or PPAA) prime-boost regimens, in macaques and mice. Vaccine-induced HIV-1-antigen-specific T cells in peripheral blood (macaques), liver, spleen, and intestinal and genital mucosa (mice) were characterized by intracellular cytokine staining. Vaccine-specific IgG antibodies (macaques) were detected using ELISA. In macaques, only the heterologous prime-boost regimens induced polyfunctional, persistent and balanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses specific to each HIV-1 vaccine antigen. AdC7-GRN priming increased the polyfunctionality of F4/AS01-induced CD4+ T cells. Approximately 50% of AdC7-GRN-induced memory CD8+ T cells exhibited an effector-memory phenotype. HIV-1-specific antibodies were detected with each regimen. In mice, antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in the mucosal and systemic anatomical compartments assessed. When administered in heterologous prime-boost regimens, AdC7-GRN and F4/AS01 candidate vaccines acted complementarily in inducing potent and persistent peripheral blood HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and antibodies in macaques. Besides, adenoviral vector priming modulated the cytokine-expression profile of the protein-induced CD4+ T cells. Each regimen induced HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in systemic/local tissues in mice. This suggests that prime-boost regimens combining adjuvanted protein and low-seroprevalent chimpanzee adenoviral vectors represent an attractive vaccination strategy for clinical evaluation.
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Nogueira CV, Zhang X, Giovannone N, Sennott EL, Starnbach MN. Protective immunity against Chlamydia trachomatis can engage both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and bridge the respiratory and genital mucosae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2319-29. [PMID: 25637024 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular populations and mechanisms responsible for overcoming immune compartmentalization is valuable for designing vaccination strategies targeting distal mucosae. In this study, we show that the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis infects the murine respiratory and genital mucosae and that T cells, but not Abs, elicited through intranasal immunization can protect against a subsequent transcervical challenge. Unlike the genital infection where CD8(+) T cells are primed, yet fail to confer protection, we found that intranasal priming engages both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, allowing for protection against genital infection with C. trachomatis. The protection is largely dependent on IFN-γ secretion by T cells. Moreover, different chemokine receptors are critical for C. trachomatis-specific CD4(+) T cells to home to the lung, rather than the CXCR3- and CCR5-dependent migration observed during genital infection. Overall, this study demonstrates that the cross-mucosa protective immunity against genital C. trachomatis infection following intranasal immunization is not dependent on Ab response but is mediated by not only CD4(+) T cells but also by CD8(+) T cells. This study provides insights for the development of vaccines against mucosal pathogens that threaten reproductive health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina V Nogueira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xuqing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nicholas Giovannone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Erica L Sennott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael N Starnbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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24
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Rahman MM, Uyangaa E, Han YW, Hur J, Park SY, Lee JH, Kim K, Eo SK. Modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity against an inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus by oral co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interleukin-18 and interferon-α. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:395-403. [PMID: 25502364 PMCID: PMC4427739 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of chickens causing significant
economic losses worldwide. Due to limitations in the efficacy against currently
circulating ND viruses, existing vaccination strategies require improvements, and
incorporating immunomodulatory cytokines with existing vaccines might be a novel approach.
Here, we investigated the systemic and mucosal immunomodulatory properties of oral
co-administration of chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) and chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α)
using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on an
inactivated ND vaccine. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of S.
enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α provided enhanced
systemic and mucosal immune responses, as determined by serum hemagglutination inhibition
antibody and NDV Ag-specific IgG as well as NDV Ag-specific IgA in lung and duodenal
lavages of chickens immunized with inactivated ND vaccine via the intramuscular or
intranasal route. Notably, combined oral administration of S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α significantly enhanced systemic and
mucosal immunity in ND-vaccinated chickens, compared to single administration of
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α. In
addition, oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium
expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α provided enhanced NDV Ag-specific proliferation of
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity, compared to
single administration of either construct. Therefore, our results provide valuable insight
into the modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity by incorporation of immunomodulatory
chIL-18 and chIFN-α using Salmonella vaccines into existing ND
vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman
- College of Veterinary and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells constitute a recently identified lymphocyte lineage that occupies tissues without recirculating. They provide a first response against infections reencountered at body surfaces, where they accelerate pathogen clearance. Because Trm cells are not present within peripheral blood, they have not yet been well characterized, but are transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from recirculating central and effector memory T cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of Trm cell ontogeny, regulation, maintenance, and function and will highlight technical considerations for studying this population.
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26
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Carozza M, Rodrigues V, Unterfinger Y, Galea S, Coulpier M, Klonjkowski B, Thiaucourt F, Totté P, Richardson J. An adenoviral vector expressing lipoprotein A, a major antigen of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, elicits robust immune responses in mice. Vaccine 2014; 33:141-8. [PMID: 25444801 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (MmmSC), is a devastating respiratory disease of cattle. In sub-Saharan Africa, where CBPP is enzootic, live attenuated vaccines are deployed but afford only short-lived protection. In cattle, recovery from experimental MmmSC infection has been associated with the presence of CD4(+) T lymphocytes that secrete interferon gamma in response to MmmSC, and in particular to the lipoprotein A (LppA) antigen. In an effort to develop a better vaccine against CBPP, a viral vector (Ad5-LppA) that expressed LppA was generated from human adenovirus type 5. The LppA-specific immune responses elicited by the Ad5-LppA vector were evaluated in mice, and compared to those elicited by recombinant LppA formulated with a potent adjuvant. Notably, a single administration of Ad5-LppA, but not recombinant protein, sufficed to elicit a robust LppA-specific humoral response. After a booster administration, both vector and recombinant protein elicited strong LppA-specific humoral and cell-mediated responses. Ex vivo stimulation of splenocytes induced extensive proliferation of CD4(+) T cells for mice immunized with vector or protein, and secretion of T helper 1-associated and proinflammatory cytokines for mice immunized with Ad5-LppA. Our study - by demonstrating the potential of a viral-vectored prototypic vaccine to elicit prompt and robust immune responses against a major antigen of MmmSC - represents a first step in developing a recombinant vaccine against CBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Carozza
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - Valérie Rodrigues
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Unterfinger
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - Sandra Galea
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - François Thiaucourt
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Totté
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, UMR Virologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France.
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Reguzova AY, Karpenko LI, Mechetina LV, Belyakov IM. Peptide-MHC multimer-based monitoring of CD8 T-cells in HIV-1 infection and AIDS vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:69-84. [PMID: 25373312 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.962520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of MHC multimers allows precise and direct detecting and analyzing of antigen-specific T-cell populations and provides new opportunities to characterize T-cell responses in humans and animals. MHC-multimers enable us to enumerate specific T-cells targeting to viral, tumor and vaccine antigens with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. In the field of HIV/SIV immunology, this technique provides valuable information about the frequencies of HIV- and SIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in different tissues and sites of infection, AIDS progression, and pathogenesis. Peptide-MHC multimer technology remains a very sensitive tool in detecting virus-specific T -cells for evaluation of the immunogenicity of vaccines against HIV-1 in preclinical trials. Moreover, it helps to understand how immune responses are formed following vaccination in the dynamics from priming point until T-cell memory is matured. Here we review a diversity of peptide-MHC class I multimer applications for fundamental immunological studies in different aspects of HIV/SIV infection and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Y Reguzova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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28
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Poles J, Alvarez Y, Hioe CE. Induction of intestinal immunity by mucosal vaccines as a means of controlling HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:1027-40. [PMID: 25354023 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are preferentially targeted and depleted by HIV. As such, the induction of an effective anti-HIV immune response in the mucosa of the GI tract-through vaccination-could protect this vulnerable population of cells. Mucosal vaccination provides a promising means of inducing robust humoral and cellular responses in the GI tract. Here we review data from the literature about the effectiveness of various mucosal vaccination routes--oral (intraintestinal/tonsilar/sublingual), intranasal, and intrarectal--with regard to the induction of immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells and antibodies in the GI mucosa, as well as protective efficacy in challenge models. We present data from the literature indicating that mucosal routes have the potential to effectively elicit GI mucosal immunity and protect against challenge. Given their capacity for the induction of anti-HIV immune responses in the GI mucosa, we propose that mucosal routes, including the nonconventional sublingual, tonsilar, and intrarectal routes, be considered for the delivery of the next generation HIV vaccines. However, further studies are necessary to determine the ideal vectors and vaccination regimens for these routes of immunization and to validate their efficacy in controlling HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Poles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yelina Alvarez
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan Campus and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Catarina E. Hioe
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan Campus and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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29
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Rossi A, Michelini Z, Leone P, Borghi M, Blasi M, Bona R, Spada M, Grasso F, Gugliotta A, Klotman ME, Cara A, Negri D. Optimization of mucosal responses after intramuscular immunization with integrase defective lentiviral vector. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107377. [PMID: 25210766 PMCID: PMC4161417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many infectious agents infiltrate the host at the mucosal surfaces and then spread systemically. This implies that an ideal vaccine should induce protective immune responses both at systemic and mucosal sites to counteract invasive mucosal pathogens. We evaluated the in vivo systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune response induced in mice by intramuscular administration of an integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) carrying the ovalbumin (OVA) transgene as a model antigen (IDLV-OVA), either alone or in combination with sublingual adjuvanted OVA protein. Mice immunized intramuscularly with OVA and adjuvant were compared with IDLV-OVA immunization. Mice sublingually immunized only with OVA and adjuvant were used as a positive control of mucosal responses. A single intramuscular dose of IDLV-OVA induced functional antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in spleen, draining and distal lymph nodes and, importantly, in the lamina propria of the large intestine. These results were similar to those obtained in a prime-boost regimen including one IDLV immunization and two mucosal boosts with adjuvanted OVA or vice versa. Remarkably, only in groups vaccinated with IDLV-OVA, either alone or in prime-boost regimens, the mucosal CD8+ T cell response persisted up to several months from immunization. Importantly, following IDLV-OVA immunization, the mucosal boost with protein greatly increased the plasma IgG response and induced mucosal antigen-specific IgA in saliva and vaginal washes. Overall, intramuscular administration of IDLV followed by protein boosts using the sublingual route induced strong, persistent and complementary systemic and mucosal immune responses, and represents an appealing prime-boost strategy for immunization including IDLV as a delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Leone
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Borghi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bona
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicia Grasso
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Gugliotta
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary E. Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea Cara
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (DN); (AC)
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (DN); (AC)
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30
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Apoptosis of antigen-specific CTLs contributes to low immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue post vaccination. Vaccine 2014; 32:5198-205. [PMID: 25066739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) represents a major reservoir of HIV in infected individuals. Vaccines can induce strong systemic immune responses but these have less impact on CD4 T cells activity and numbers in GALT. In this study, we vaccinated mice with an adenovirus vector that expressed the envelope gene from HIV and observed immune responses in the peripheral blood, spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. We found that (1) the number of HIV-specific CD8 T cells was dramatically lower in GALT than in other tissues; (2) the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) was expressed at high levels in HIV-specific CD8 T cells including memory T cells in GALT; and (3) high levels of HIV-specific CD8 T cell apoptosis were occurring in GALT. These results suggest that contributing to GALT becoming an HIV reservoir during infection is a combination of exhaustion and/or dysfunction of HIV-specific CTLs at that site. These results emphasize the importance of developing of an effective mucosal vaccine against HIV.
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31
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The early activation of CD8+ T cells is dependent on type I IFN signaling following intramuscular vaccination of adenovirus vector. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:158128. [PMID: 24971314 PMCID: PMC4058243 DOI: 10.1155/2014/158128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Few of the vaccines in current use can induce antigen- (Ag-) specific immunity in both mucosal and systemic compartments. Hence, the development of vaccines that realize both mucosal and systemic protection against various pathogens is a high priority in global health. Recently, it has been reported that intramuscular (i.m.) vaccination of an adenovirus vector (Adv) can induce Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in both systemic and gut mucosal compartments. We previously revealed that type I IFN signaling is required for the induction of gut mucosal CTLs, not systemic CTLs. However, the molecular mechanism via type I IFN signaling is largely unknown. Here, we report that type I IFN signaling following i.m. Adv vaccination is required for the expression of type I IFN in the inguinal lymph nodes (iLNs), which are the draining lymph nodes of the administration site. We also showed that the type I IFN signaling is indispensable for the early activation of CTLs in iLNs. These data suggested that type I IFN signaling has an important role in the translation of systemic innate immune response into mucosal adaptive immunity by amplifying the innate immune signaling and activating CTLs in the iLN.
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32
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Increased mucosal CD4+ T cell activation in rhesus macaques following vaccination with an adenoviral vector. J Virol 2014; 88:8468-78. [PMID: 24829340 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03850-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The possibility that vaccination with adenovirus (AdV) vectors increased mucosal T cell activation remains a central hypothesis to explain the potential enhancement of HIV acquisition within the Step trial. Modeling this within rhesus macaques is complicated because human adenoviruses, including human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5), are not endogenous to macaques. Here, we tested whether vaccination with a rhesus macaque-derived adenoviral vector (simian adenovirus 7 [SAdV-7]) enhances mucosal T cell activation within rhesus macaques. Following intramuscular SAdV-7 vaccination, we observed a pronounced increase in SAdV-7-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in peripheral blood and, more dramatically, in rectal mucosa tissue. Vaccination also induced a significant increase in the frequency of activated memory CD4(+) T cells in SAdV-7- and HAdV-5-vaccinated animals in the rectal mucosa but not in peripheral blood. These fluctuations within the rectal mucosa were also associated with a pronounced decrease in the relative frequency of naive resting CD4(+) T cells. Together, these results indicate that peripheral vaccination with an AdV vector can increase the activation of mucosal CD4(+) T cells, potentially providing an experimental model to further evaluate the role of host-vector interactions in increased HIV acquisition after AdV vector vaccination. IMPORTANCE The possibility that vaccination with a human adenovirus 5 vector increased mucosal T cell activation remains a central hypothesis to explain the potential enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition within the Step trial. In this study, we tested whether vaccination with a rhesus macaque-derived adenoviral vector in rhesus macaques enhances mucosal CD4(+) T cell activation, the main cell target of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/HIV. The results showed that vaccination with an adenoviral vector indeed increases activation of mucosal CD4(+) T cells and potentially increases susceptibility to SIV infection.
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Chanzu N, Ondondo B. Induction of Potent and Long-Lived Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in the Genitorectal Mucosa Could be the Critical Determinant of HIV Vaccine Efficacy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:202. [PMID: 24847327 PMCID: PMC4021115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of HIV prevention has indeed progressed in leaps and bounds, but with major limitations of the current prevention and treatment options, the world remains desperate for an HIV vaccine. Sadly, this continues to be elusive, because more than 30 years since its discovery there is no licensed HIV vaccine. Research aiming to define immunological biomarkers to accurately predict vaccine efficacy have focused mainly on systemic immune responses, and as such, studies defining correlates of protection in the genitorectal mucosa, the primary target site for HIV entry and seeding are sparse. Clearly, difficulties in sampling and analysis of mucosal specimens, as well as their limited size have been a major deterrent in characterizing the type (mucosal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, or CTL), threshold (magnitude, depth, and breadth) and viral inhibitory capacity of HIV-1-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa, where they are needed to immediately block HIV acquisition and arrest subsequent virus dissemination. Nevertheless, a few studies document the existence of HIV-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa of HIV-infected aviremic and viremic controllers, as well as in highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals with natural resistance to HIV-1. Some of these responses strongly correlate with protection from HIV acquisition and/or disease progression, thus providing significant clues of the ideal components of an efficacious HIV vaccine. In this study, we provide an overview of the key features of protective immune responses found in HEPS, elite and viremic controllers, and discuss how these can be achieved through mucosal immunization. Inevitably, HIV vaccine development research will have to consider strategies that elicit potent antibody and cellular immune responses within the genitorectal mucosa or induction of systemic immune cells with an inherent potential to home and persist at mucosal sites of HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chanzu
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Beatrice Ondondo
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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34
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Herbert R, Baron J, Batten C, Baron M, Taylor G. Recombinant adenovirus expressing the haemagglutinin of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) protects goats against challenge with pathogenic virus; a DIVA vaccine for PPR. Vet Res 2014; 45:24. [PMID: 24568545 PMCID: PMC3941483 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that can cause severe disease in sheep and goats, characterised by pyrexia, pneumo-enteritis, and gastritis. The socio-economic burden of the disease is increasing in underdeveloped countries, with poor livestock keepers being affected the most. Current vaccines consist of cell-culture attenuated strains of PPRV, which induce a similar antibody profile to that induced by natural infection. Generation of a vaccine that enables differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) would benefit PPR control and eradication programmes, particularly in the later stages of an eradication campaign and for countries where the disease is not endemic. In order to create a vaccine that would enable infected animals to be distinguished from vaccinated ones (DIVA vaccine), we have evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox (FP) and replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus 5 (Ad), expressing PPRV F and H proteins, in goats. The Ad constructs induced higher levels of virus-specific and neutralising antibodies, and primed greater numbers of CD8+ T cells than the FP-vectored vaccines. Importantly, a single dose of Ad-H, with or without the addition of Ad expressing ovine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or ovine interleukin-2, not only induced strong antibody and cell-mediated immunity but also completely protected goats against challenge with virulent PPRV, 4 months after vaccination. Replication-defective Ad-H therefore offers the possibility of an effective DIVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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35
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Zhang S, Huang W, Zhou X, Zhao Q, Wang Q, Jia B. Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to human adenoviruses type-5 and type-26 and chimpanzee adenovirus type-68 in healthy Chinese adults. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1077-84. [PMID: 23588735 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective adenoviruses have been utilized as candidate vaccine vectors. However, clinical application of the best-studied human adenovirus type-5 (AdHu5) is limited by the high prevalence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies resulting from natural infection. Therefore, rare adenovirus serotypes, such as human adenovirus type-26 (AdHu26) and chimpanzee adenovirus type-68 (AdC68), have been employed as substitutes for AdHu5. However, few studies have described the epidemiology of pre-existing immunity to these adenoviruses in China. Thus, 1,154 participants from six regions in China were examined to assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies against AdHu5, AdHu26, and AdC68. The seroprevalence rates of neutralizing antibodies were as follows: AdHu5, 73.1% (844/1,154) (95% confidence interval: 70.5-75.6%); AdHu26, 35.3% (407/1,154) (95% confidence interval: 32.6-38.1%); and AdC68, 12.7% (147/1,154) (95% confidence interval: 10.9-14.8%), respectively. The most frequently detected and highest titer antibodies were specific for AdHu5. The results indicate that AdHu26 and AdC68 serve as more suitable vaccine vectors than AdHu5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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36
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Recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a vaccine vector for HIV-1 Gag. Viruses 2013; 5:2062-78. [PMID: 23989890 PMCID: PMC3798890 DOI: 10.3390/v5092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a global health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. An effective HIV-1 vaccine is therefore badly required to mitigate this ever-expanding problem. Since HIV-1 infects its host through the mucosal surface, a vaccine for the virus needs to trigger mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. Oral, attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccines offer this potential of delivering HIV-1 antigens to both the mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system. So far, a number of pre-clinical studies have been performed, in which HIV-1 Gag, a highly conserved viral antigen possessing both T- and B-cell epitopes, was successfully delivered by recombinant Salmonella vaccines and, in most cases, induced HIV-specific immune responses. In this review, the potential use of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a live vaccine vector for HIV-1 Gag is explored.
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37
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Sandoval F, Terme M, Nizard M, Badoual C, Bureau MF, Freyburger L, Clement O, Marcheteau E, Gey A, Fraisse G, Bouguin C, Merillon N, Dransart E, Tran T, Quintin-Colonna F, Autret G, Thiebaud M, Suleman M, Riffault S, Wu TC, Launay O, Danel C, Taieb J, Richardson J, Zitvogel L, Fridman WH, Johannes L, Tartour E. Mucosal imprinting of vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cells is crucial to inhibit the growth of mucosal tumors. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:172ra20. [PMID: 23408053 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although many human cancers are located in mucosal sites, most cancer vaccines are tested against subcutaneous tumors in preclinical models. We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth. We showed that the growth of orthotopic head and neck or lung cancers was inhibited when a cancer vaccine was delivered by the intranasal mucosal route but not the intramuscular route. This antitumor effect was dependent on CD8⁺ T cells. Indeed, only intranasal vaccination elicited mucosal-specific CD8⁺ T cells expressing the mucosal integrin CD49a. Blockade of CD49a decreased intratumoral CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and the efficacy of cancer vaccine on mucosal tumor. We then showed that after intranasal vaccination, dendritic cells from lung parenchyma, but not those from spleen, induced the expression of CD49a on cocultured specific CD8⁺ T cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. We thus identified a link between the route of vaccination and the induction of a mucosal homing program on induced CD8⁺ T cells that controlled their trafficking. Immunization route directly affected the efficacy of the cancer vaccine to control mucosal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sandoval
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Magali Terme
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mevyn Nizard
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR 8151 CNRS, 75270 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Clement
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elie Marcheteau
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hotel-Dieu, Centre d'investigation clinique de vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alain Gey
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Fraisse
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bouguin
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Merillon
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thi Tran
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Quintin-Colonna
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons Alfort 94700, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marine Thiebaud
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- UMR 1161 Virologie Inra, Anses, ENVA, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Odile Launay
- INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hotel-Dieu, Centre d'investigation clinique de vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Danel
- Hopital Bichat, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR 1161 Virologie Inra, Anses, ENVA, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, CIC-BT507, Faculté Paris Sud Université Paris XI, 94805 Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France
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38
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Demberg T, Brocca-Cofano E, Kuate S, Aladi S, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Venzon D, Kalisz I, Kalyanaraman V, Lee EM, Pal R, DiPasquale J, Ruprecht RM, Montefiori DC, Srivastava I, Barnett SW, Robert-Guroff M. Impact of antibody quality and anamnestic response on viremia control post-challenge in a combined Tat/Env vaccine regimen in rhesus macaques. Virology 2013; 440:210-21. [PMID: 23528732 PMCID: PMC3744165 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, priming rhesus macaques with Adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-recombinants encoding Tat and Env and boosting with Tat and Env protein in MPL-SE controlled chronic viremia by 4 logs following homologous intravenous SHIV89.6P challenge. Here we evaluated Tat, Env, and Tat/Env regimens for immunogenicity and protective efficacy using clade C Env, alum adjuvant, and a heterologous intrarectal SHIV1157ipd3N4 challenge. Despite induction of strong cellular and humoral immunity, Tat/Env group T and B-cell memory responses were not significantly enhanced over Tat- or Env-only groups. Lack of viremia control post-challenge was attributed to lower avidity Env antibodies and no anamnestic ADCC response or SHIV1157ipd3N4 neutralizing antibody development post-challenge. Poor biologic activity of the Tat immunogen may have impaired Tat immunity. In the absence of sterilizing immunity, strong anamnestic responses to heterologous virus can help control viremia. Both antibody breadth and optimal adjuvanticity are needed to elicit high-quality antibody for protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Seraphin Kuate
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Aladi
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | | | - Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Janet DiPasquale
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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39
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Masopust D, Schenkel JM. The integration of T cell migration, differentiation and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:309-20. [PMID: 23598650 DOI: 10.1038/nri3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells function locally. Accordingly, T cells' recognition of antigen, their subsequent activation and differentiation, and their role in the processes of infection control, tumour eradication, autoimmunity, allergy and alloreactivity are intrinsically coupled with migration. Recent discoveries revise our understanding of the regulation and patterns of T cell trafficking and reveal limitations in current paradigms. Here, we review classic and emerging concepts, highlight the challenge of integrating new observations with existing T cell classification schemes and summarize the heuristic framework provided by viewing T cell differentiation and function first through the prism of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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40
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Kron MW, Engler T, Schmidt E, Schirmbeck R, Kochanek S, Kreppel F. High-capacity adenoviral vectors circumvent the limitations of ΔE1 and ΔE1/ΔE3 adenovirus vectors to induce multispecific transgene product-directed CD8 T-cell responses. J Gene Med 2013; 13:648-57. [PMID: 22095925 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that are multispecific is considered to comprise an essential feature for an efficacious genetic vaccine against many pathogens including HIV and hepatitis C virus. ΔE1Ad vectors are promising vectored vaccines but have been shown to induce antigen-specific CTLs with only limited multispecificity. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of gene-deleted high-capacity adenovirus (HC-Ad) vectors and focused on the induction of multispecific CTL responses. METHODS We generated Δ E1 and HC-Ad vectors expressing hepatitis B virus small surface antigen (HBsAg). We comparatively analyzed the CTL profiles against various transgene product- and vector-derived epitopes in several mouse strains and HBsAg- and vector-directed antibody responses. RESULTS HC-Ad vectors efficiently induced multispecific HBsAg-directed CTLs. By contrast, ΔE1Ad vectors mainly primed CTLs against one immunodominant epitope of HBsAg. This absence of multispecific CTL responses correlated with the induction of CTLs against viral epitopes generated by de novo expression of Ad genes from the ΔE1Ad vector. However, Ad-specific CTLs induced in trans did not impair HC-AdS-induced multispecific CTL responses against HBsAg. Finally, HC-Ad vectors also induced higher HBsAg antibody titers compared to ΔE1Ad vectors. CONCLUSIONS De novo expression of viral genes from ΔE1Ad vector genomes restricts the multispecificity of transgene product-specific CTLs by immunodominance effects. HC-Ad vectors devoid of Ad genes are favorable for the induction of both multispecific CD8 T-cell responses and high antibody responses. Our results suggest the deletion of Ad genes as an important means for developing potent Ad-based vectored vaccines.
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41
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An attenuated Listeria monocytogenes vector primes more potent simian immunodeficiency virus-specific mucosal immunity than DNA vaccines in mice. J Virol 2013; 87:4751-5. [PMID: 23388715 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03085-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine that induces potent immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa would be highly desirable. Here we show that attenuated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes, administered orally utilizing its natural route of infection, induces potent mucosal as well as systemic immune responses in mice. Moreover, these responses can be boosted efficiently with replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors. L. monocytogenes elicited more potent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses in mucosal compartments than DNA vaccines.
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42
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Langerin negative dendritic cells promote potent CD8+ T-cell priming by skin delivery of live adenovirus vaccine microneedle arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3041-6. [PMID: 23386724 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214449110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of virus protein structure and nucleic acid integrity is challenging yet essential to preserve the transcriptional competence of live recombinant viral vaccine vectors in the absence of a cold chain. When coupled with needle-free skin delivery, such a platform would address an unmet need in global vaccine coverage against HIV and other global pathogens. Herein, we show that a simple dissolvable microneedle array (MA) delivery system preserves the immunogenicity of vaccines encoded by live recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rAdHu5). Specifically, dried rAdHu5 MA immunization induced CD8(+) T-cell expansion and multifunctional cytokine responses equipotent with conventional injectable routes of immunization. Intravital imaging demonstrated MA cargo distributed both in the epidermis and dermis, with acquisition by CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in the dermis. The MA immunizing properties were attributable to CD11c(+) MHCII(hi) CD8α(neg) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM(neg)) CD11b(+) langerin (Lang; CD207)(neg) DCs, but neither Langerhans cells nor Lang(+) DCs were required for CD8(+) T-cell priming. This study demonstrates an important technical advance for viral vaccine vectors progressing to the clinic and provides insights into the mechanism of CD8(+) T-cell priming by live rAdHu5 MAs.
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43
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Trivalent live attenuated influenza-simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines: efficacy and evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape in macaques. J Virol 2013; 87:4146-60. [PMID: 23345519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02645-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine that induces robust mucosal immunity. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) apply substantial antiviral pressure, but CTLs to individual epitopes select for immune escape variants in both HIV in humans and SIV in macaques. Inducing multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CTLs may assist in controlling viremia. We vaccinated 10 Mane-A1*08401(+) female pigtail macaques with recombinant influenza viruses expressing three Mane-A1*08401-restricted SIV-specific CTL epitopes and subsequently challenged the animals, along with five controls, intravaginally with SIV(mac251). Seroconversion to the influenza virus vector resulted and small, but detectable, SIV-specific CTL responses were induced. There was a boost in CTL responses after challenge but no protection from high-level viremia or CD4 depletion was observed. All three CTL epitopes underwent a coordinated pattern of immune escape during early SIV infection. CTL escape was more rapid in the vaccinees than in the controls at the more dominant CTL epitopes. Although CTL escape can incur a "fitness" cost to the virus, a putative compensatory mutation 20 amino acids upstream from an immunodominant Gag CTL epitope also evolved soon after the primary CTL escape mutation. We conclude that vaccines based only on CTL epitopes will likely be undermined by rapid evolution of both CTL escape and compensatory mutations. More potent and possibly broader immune responses may be required to protect pigtail macaques from SIV.
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44
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Sircar P, Furr KL, Letvin NL. Systemic vaccination induces clonally diverse SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations in systemic and mucosal compartments. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:93-103. [PMID: 22763409 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An HIV-1 vaccine must elicit a clonally diverse virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response to contain mutant virus forms, and these responses must be present in mucosal tissues, which are the site of early HIV-1 replication. We show that systemic delivery of prototype vaccine vectors in rhesus monkeys induced SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in systemic and mucosal compartments with comparable clonal compositions. Although clonal sharing was maintained between the peripheral blood and lungs, the clonal constituents of the vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell populations in the gastrointestinal mucosal tissues evolved away from the peripheral blood population. A phenotypic characterization indicated that the divergence was a consequence of differential trafficking and retention of the vaccine-induced cells in mucosal compartments. These findings highlight the circulation of vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell populations between systemic and mucosal compartments and the importance of the expression of specific homing molecules for localization in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sircar
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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45
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Zhu W, Shi G, Tang H, Lewis DE, Song XT. An effective vaccination approach augments anti-HIV systemic and vaginal immunity in mice with decreased HIV-1 susceptible α4β7high CD4+ T cells. Curr HIV Res 2013; 11:56-66. [PMID: 23157585 PMCID: PMC3717605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 preferentially infects activated CD4(+) T cells expressing α4β7 integrin and conventional vaccination approaches non-selectively induce immune responses including α4β7(high) CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that current candidate AIDS vaccines may produce more target cells for HIV-1 and paradoxically enhance HIV-1 infection. Thus it remains a challenge to selectively induce robust anti-HIV immunity without the unwanted HIV-1 susceptible α4β77(high) CD4(+)+ T cells. Here we describe a vaccination strategy that targets ALDH1a2, a retinoic acid producing enzyme in dendritic cells (DCs). Silencing ALDH1a2 in DCs enhanced the maturation and production of proinflammatory cytokines of DCs and promoted Th1/Th2 differentiation while suppressing Treg. ALDH1a2-silenced DCs effectively downregulated the expression of guthoming receptors α4β77 and CCR9 on activated T and B lymphocytes. Consequently, intranasal immunization of a lentiviral vaccine encoding ALDH1a2 shRNA and HIV-1 gp140 redirected gp140-specific mucosal T cell and antibody responses from the gut to the vaginal tract, while dramatically enhancing systemic gp140-specific immune responses. We further demonstrated that silencing ALDH1a2 in human DCs resulted in downregulation of β7 expression on activated autologous CD4(+) T cells. Hence this study provides a unique and effective strategy to induce α4β7(low) anti-HIV immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Rehabilitation, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guoping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Rugao, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Rugao Boai Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Song
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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46
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Mueller SN, Gebhardt T, Carbone FR, Heath WR. Memory T cell subsets, migration patterns, and tissue residence. Annu Rev Immunol 2012; 31:137-61. [PMID: 23215646 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissues such as the skin and mucosae are frequently exposed to microbial pathogens. Infectious agents must be quickly and efficiently controlled by our immune system, but the low frequency of naive T cells specific for any one pathogen means dependence on primary responses initiated in draining lymph nodes, often allowing time for serious infection to develop. These responses imprint effectors with the capacity to home to infected tissues; this process, combined with inflammatory signals, ensures the effective targeting of primary immunity. Upon vaccination or previous pathogen exposure, increased pathogen-specific T cell numbers together with altered migratory patterns of memory T cells can greatly improve immune efficacy, ensuring infections are prevented or at least remain subclinical. Until recently, memory T cell populations were considered to comprise central memory T cells (TCM), which are restricted to the secondary lymphoid tissues and blood, and effector memory T cells (TEM), which broadly migrate between peripheral tissues, the blood, and the spleen. Here we review evidence for these two memory populations, highlight a relatively new player, the tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM), and emphasize the potential differences between the migratory patterns of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. This new understanding raises important considerations for vaccine design and for the measurement of immune parameters critical to the control of infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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47
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Çuburu N, Graham BS, Buck CB, Kines RC, Pang YYS, Day PM, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Intravaginal immunization with HPV vectors induces tissue-resident CD8+ T cell responses. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4606-20. [PMID: 23143305 DOI: 10.1172/jci63287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of persistent intraepithelial CD8+ T cell responses may be key to the development of vaccines against mucosally transmitted pathogens, particularly for sexually transmitted diseases. Here we investigated CD8+ T cell responses in the female mouse cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus vectors (HPV pseudoviruses) that transiently expressed a model antigen, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) M/M2, in cervicovaginal keratinocytes. An HPV intravaginal prime/boost with different HPV serotypes induced 10-fold more cervicovaginal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells than priming alone. Antigen-specific T cell numbers decreased only 2-fold after 6 months. Most genital antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were intra- or subepithelial, expressed αE-integrin CD103, produced IFN-γ and TNF-α, and displayed in vivo cytotoxicity. Using a sphingosine-1-phosphate analog (FTY720), we found that the primed CD8+ T cells proliferated in the cervicovaginal mucosa upon HPV intravaginal boost. Intravaginal HPV prime/boost reduced cervicovaginal viral titers 1,000-fold after intravaginal challenge with vaccinia virus expressing the CD8 epitope M2. In contrast, intramuscular prime/boost with an adenovirus type 5 vector induced a higher level of systemic CD8+ T cells but failed to induce intraepithelial CD103+CD8+ T cells or protect against recombinant vaccinia vaginal challenge. Thus, HPV vectors are attractive gene-delivery platforms for inducing durable intraepithelial cervicovaginal CD8+ T cell responses by promoting local proliferation and retention of primed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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48
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Barouch DH, Liu J, Peter L, Abbink P, Iampietro MJ, Cheung A, Alter G, Chung A, Dugast AS, Frahm N, McElrath MJ, Wenschuh H, Reimer U, Seaman MS, Pau MG, Weijtens M, Goudsmit J, Walsh SR, Dolin R, Baden LR. Characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 Env vaccine in healthy adults (IPCAVD 001). J Infect Dis 2012; 207:248-56. [PMID: 23125443 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) has been developed as a novel candidate vaccine vector for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other pathogens. The primary safety and immunogenicity data from the Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development Program (IPCAVD) 001 trial, the first-in-human evaluation of a prototype Ad26 vector-based vaccine expressing clade A HIV-1 Env (Ad26.ENVA.01), are reported concurrently with this article. Here, we characterize in greater detail the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by Ad26.ENVA.01 in humans. METHODS Samples from the IPCAVD 001 trial were used for humoral and cellular immunogenicity assays. RESULTS We observed a dose-dependent expansion of the magnitude, breadth, and epitopic diversity of Env-specific binding antibody responses elicited by this vaccine. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis, virus inhibition, and degranulation functional activity were also observed. Env-specific cellular immune responses induced by the vaccine included multiple CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte memory subpopulations and cytokine secretion phenotypes, although cellular immune breadth was limited. Baseline vector-specific T-lymphocyte responses were common but did not impair Env-specific immune responses in this study. CONCLUSION Ad26.ENVA.01 elicited a broad diversity of humoral and cellular immune responses in humans. These data support the further clinical development of Ad26 as a candidate vaccine vector. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00618605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Xi Y, Day SL, Jackson RJ, Ranasinghe C. Role of novel type I interferon epsilon in viral infection and mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:610-22. [PMID: 22617838 PMCID: PMC3481022 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal infection with vaccinia virus co-expressing interferon epsilon (VV-HIV-IFN-ε) was used to evaluate the role of IFN-ε in mucosal immunity. VV-HIV- IFN-ε infection induced a rapid VV clearance in lung that correlated with (i) an elevated lung VV-specific CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+) population expressing activation markers CD69/CD103, (ii) enhanced lymphocyte recruitment to lung alveoli with reduced inflammation, and (iii) an heightened functional/cytotoxic CD8(+)CD4(+) T-cell subset (CD3(hi)CCR7(hi)CD62L(lo)) in lung lymph nodes. These responses were different to that observed with intranasal VV-HA-IFN-α(4) or VV-HA-IFN-β infections. When IFN-ε was used in an intranasal/intramuscular heterologous HIV prime-boost immunization, elevated HIV-specific effector, but not memory CD8(+)T cells responses, were observed in spleen, genito-rectal nodes, and Peyer's patch. Homing marker α4β7 and CCR9 analysis indicated that unlike other type I IFNs, IFN-ε could promote migration of antigen-specific CD8(+)T cells to the gut. Our results indicate that IFN-ε has a unique role in the mucosae and most likely can be used to control local lung and/or gut infections (i.e., microbicide) such as tuberculosis, HIV-1, or sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Ronald J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Intramuscular DNA immunization with in vivo electroporation induces antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in both systemic and gut-mucosal compartments. Vaccine 2012; 30:7278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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