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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Diaz A, Polo G, Mogollon JD, Jaime J. Infection and Coinfection of Porcine-Selected Viruses (PPV1 to PPV8, PCV2 to PCV4, and PRRSV) in Gilts and Their Associations with Reproductive Performance. Vet Sci 2024; 11:185. [PMID: 38787157 PMCID: PMC11125912 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seven novel porcine parvoviruses (nPPVs) (PPV2 through PPV8) have been described, although their pathogenicity and possible effects on porcine reproductive failure (PRF) are undefined. In this study, these nPPVs were assessed in gilts from Colombia; their coinfections with PPV1, PCV2, PCV3, PCV4, and PRRSV and an association between the nPPVs and the reproductive performance parameters (RPPs) in sows were determined. For this, 234 serum samples were collected from healthy gilts from 40 herds in five Colombian regions, and the viruses were detected via real-time PCR. The results confirmed the circulation of PPV2 through PPV7 in Colombia, with PPV3 (40%), PPV5 (20%), and PPV6 (17%) being the most frequent. Additionally, no PCV4 or PPV8 was detected. PPV2 to PPV7 were detected in concurrence with each other and with the primary PRF viruses, and these coinfections varied from double to sextuple coinfections. Additionally, the association between nPPVs and PRF primary viruses was statistically significant for the presence of PPV6 in PCV3-positive (p < 0.01) and PPV5 in PPRSV-positive (p < 0.05) gilts; conversely, there was a significant presence of PPV3 in both PCV2-negative (p < 0.01) and PRRSV-negative (p < 0.05) gilts. Regarding the RPPs, the crude association between virus detection (positive or negative) and a high or low RPP was only statistically significant for PCV3 and the farrowing rate (FR), indicating that the crude odds of a low FR were 94% lower in herds with PCV3-positive gilts. This finding means that the detection of PCV3 in gilts (PCV3-positive by PCR) is associated with a higher FR in the farm or that these farms (with positive gilts) have lower odds (OR 0.06, p-value 0.0043) of a low FR. Additionally, a low FR tended to be associated with the detection of PPV4 and PPV5 (p-value < 0.20). This study is important for establishing the possible participation of nPPVs in PRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Andres Diaz
- Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA;
| | - Gina Polo
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia;
| | - Jose Dario Mogollon
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
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Faustini G, Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Donneschi A, Boniotti MB, Alborali GL, Drigo M. Molecular Survey on Porcine Parvoviruses (PPV1-7) and Their Association with Major Pathogens in Reproductive Failure Outbreaks in Northern Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:157. [PMID: 38275967 PMCID: PMC10818816 DOI: 10.3390/v16010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful reproductive performance is key to farm competitiveness in the global marketplace. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) has been identified as a major cause of reproductive failure, and since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role is not yet fully understood yet. The present study aimed to investigate PPVs' presence in reproductive failure outbreaks occurring in 124 farms of northern Italy. Fetuses were collected from 338 sows between 2019 and 2021 and tested for PPVs by real-time PCR-based assays and for other viruses responsible for reproductive disease. At least one PPV species was detected in 59.7% (74/124) of the tested farms. In order, PPV1, PPV5, PPV6, PPV7 and PPV4 were the most frequently detected species, whereas fewer detections were registered for PPV2 and PPV3. Overall, the new PPV2-7 species were detected in 26.6% (90/338) of the cases, both alone or in co-infections: PCV-2 (7.1%, 24/338), PCV-3 (8.2%, 28/338), and PRRSV-1 (6.2%, 21/338) were frequently identified in association with PPVs. Single PPVs detections or co-infections with other agents commonly responsible for reproductive failure should encourage future studies investigating their biological, clinical, and epidemiological role, for a better preparedness for potential emerging challenges in intensive pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Donneschi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Mogollon JD, Franco-Rodriguez C, Jaime J. The Novel Porcine Parvoviruses: Current State of Knowledge and Their Possible Implications in Clinical Syndromes in Pigs. Viruses 2023; 15:2398. [PMID: 38140639 PMCID: PMC10747800 DOI: 10.3390/v15122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses (PVs) affect various animal species causing different diseases. To date, eight different porcine parvoviruses (PPV1 through PPV8) are recognized in the swine population, all of which are distributed among subfamilies and genera of the Parvoviridae family. PPV1 is the oldest and is recognized as the primary agent of SMEDI, while the rest of the PPVs (PPV2 through PPV8) are called novel PPVs (nPPVs). The pathogenesis of nPPVs is still undefined, and whether these viruses are putative disease agents is unknown. Structurally, the PPVs are very similar; the differences occur mainly at the level of their genomes (ssDNA), where there is variation in the number and location of the coding genes. Additionally, it is considered that the genome of PVs has mutation rates similar to those of ssRNA viruses, that is, in the order of 10-5-10-4 nucleotide/substitution/year. These mutations manifest mainly in the VP protein, constituting the viral capsid, affecting virulence, tropism, and viral antigenicity. For nPPVs, mutation rates have already been established that are similar to those already described; however, within this group of viruses, the highest mutation rate has been reported for PPV7. In addition to the mutations, recombinations are also reported, mainly in PPV2, PPV3, and PPV7; these have been found between strains of domestic pigs and wild boars and in a more significant proportion in VP sequences. Regarding affinity for cell types, nPPVs have been detected with variable prevalence in different types of organs and tissues; this has led to the suggestion that they have a broad tropism, although proportionally more have been found in lung and lymphoid tissue such as spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Regarding their epidemiology, nPPVs are present on all continents (except PPV8, only in Asia), and within pig farms, the highest prevalences detecting viral genomes have been seen in the fattener and finishing groups. The relationship between nPPVs and clinical manifestations has been complicated to establish. However, there is already some evidence that establishes associations. One of them is PPV2 with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), where causality tests (PCR, ISH, and histopathology) lead to proposing the PPV2 virus as a possible agent involved in this syndrome. With the other nPPVs, there is still no clear association with any pathology. These have been detected in different systems (respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, and nervous), and there is still insufficient evidence to classify them as disease-causing agents. In this regard, nPPVs (except PPV8) have been found to cause porcine reproductive failure (PRF), with the most prevalent being PPV4, PPV6, and PPV7. In the case of PRDC, nPPVs have also been detected, with PPV2 having the highest viral loads in the lungs of affected pigs. Regarding coinfections, nPPVs have been detected in concurrence in healthy and sick pigs, with primary PRDC and PRF viruses such as PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV. The effect of these coinfections is not apparent; it is unknown whether they favor the replication of the primary agents, the severity of the clinical manifestations, or have no effect. The most significant limitation in the study of nPPVs is that their isolation has been impossible; therefore, there are no studies on their pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. For all of the above, it is necessary to propose basic and applied research on nPPVs to establish if they are putative disease agents, establish their effect on coinfections, and measure their impact on swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 111321, CP, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.); (C.F.-R.)
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Lyu Z, Zhang X, Xue S, Yang X, Liu J, Fan K, Dai A. Detection and genetic evolution analysis of porcine parvovirus type 7 (PPV7) in Fujian Province. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 115:105515. [PMID: 37866684 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive disorders in sows, with clinical symptoms including stillbirth, mummified fetuses, embryonic dysplasia and death, and sow infertility. Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) is a recently discovered type of PPV and its widespread distribution and rapid evolution has caused huge economic losses in the pig industry. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of PPV7 in Fujian Province, China, we collected 491 blood samples and 72 tissue samples from diseased pigs in large-scale pig farms across selected areas of Fujian Province from 2019 to 2022. PPV7 infection was determined using real-time quantitative PCR, and positive samples underwent whole-genome amplification, sequencing, and subsequent homology, phylogenetic, and recombination analyses. The PPV7 positive detection rate was 25.73% (145/563) in Fujian Province, among which the positive rate of blood and tissue samples was 26.47% (130/491) and 20.83% (15/72), respectively. The nucleotide sequence homology among the 29 PPV7 whole-genome sequences obtained in this study was 90.0%-97.2%, whereas that with 128 reference strains from China and other countries was 88.9%-98.1%. Six strains had partial nucleotide deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole-genome sequences classified the 29 PPV7 strains and 128 reference strains into eight subtypes (PPV7a-PPV7h), and PPV7h was the predominant subtype in Fujian Province. Recombination analysis revealed evidence of inferred recombination events in the genomes of four strains. This study provides significant insights into the molecular characteristics of PPV7 in Fujian Province and serves as a crucial foundation for further advancements in PPV7 prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lyu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaohua Xue
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China.
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5
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Yan F, Xu S, Chang Z, Nazar M, Chamba Y, Shang P. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Investigations of Parvovirus Disease in Tibetan Pigs: First Report from Tibet. Vet Sci 2022; 9:576. [PMID: 36288189 PMCID: PMC9610086 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) disease is a worldwide spread animal disease with high infection rate and serious impact on meat economy causing significant losses in livestock production. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the regional seroprevalence of PPV in Tibetan pigs in Tibet and evaluate risk factors related to the disease. A total of 356 serum samples of Tibetan pigs were collected from four counties and districts in Tibet, and anti-PPV antibodies were detected by using a commercial competitive ELISA. Our results show a seroprevalence of 91.01% (324 serum samples were found to be positive for anti-PPV antibodies). The positive rate among different district was 100%, 96.55%, 93.68% and 72.83%, respectively in the Mainling County, in Bayi district, Nang County and Bomê County. We found significant differences between different age and gender groups; particularly female animals show a seroprevalence of 96.03% while the males only 83.46%. From the perspective of the growth stage, our results indicate that subadults show a seroprevalence significative higher than other age groups (100%). This study describes for the first time the PPV seroprevalence among Tibetan pigs characterizing risk factors involved in its transmission and providing information to be taken into account for eventual surveillance or eradication plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Mudassar Nazar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Burewala 61010, Pakistan
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China
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Wen S, Song Y, Lv X, Meng X, Liu K, Yang J, Diao F, He J, Huo X, Chen Z, Zhai J. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Parvovirus 7 in Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930123. [PMID: 35873677 PMCID: PMC9298536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPV) and porcine circoviruses type 2 (PCV2) are widespread in the pig population. Recently, it was suggested that PPV7 may stimulate PCV2 and PCV3 replication. The present study aimed to make detection and molecular characterization of PPV7 for the first time in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Twenty-seven of ninety-four samples (28.72%) and five in eight pig farms were PPV7 positive. Further detection showed that the co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 20.21% (19/94), and 9.59% (9/94) for PPV7 and PCV3. In addition, the positive rate of PPV7 in PCV2 positive samples was higher than that in PCV2 negative samples, supporting that PCV2 could act as a co-factor for PPV7 infection. In total, four PPV7 strains were sequenced and designated as NM-14, NM-19, NM-4, and NM-40. The amplified genome sequence of NM-14 and NM-40 were 3,999nt in length, while NM-19 and NM-4 were 3,996nt with a three nucleotides deletion at 3,097–3,099, resulting in an amino acid deletion in the Cap protein. Phylogenetic analysis based on the capsid amino acid (aa) sequences showed that 52 PPV7 strains were divided into two clades, and the four PPV7 strains in this study were all clustered in clade 1. The genome and capsid amino acid sequence of the four PPV7 strains identified in this study shared 80.0–96.9% and 85.9–100% similarity with that of 48 PPV7 reference strains selected in NCBI. Simplot analysis revealed that NM-19 and NM-4 strains were probably produced by recombination of two PPV7 strains from China. The amino acid sequence alignment analysis of capsid revealed that the four PPV7 strains detected in Inner Mongolia had multiple amino acid mutations in the 6 B cell linear epitopes compared with the reference strains, suggesting that the four PPV7 strains may have different characteristics in receptor binding and immunogenicity. In summary, this paper reported the PPV7 infection and molecular characterization in the eastern of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for the first time, which is helpful to understand the molecular epidemic characteristics of PPV7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Wen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiangyu Lv
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaogang Meng
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Fengying Diao
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jinfei He
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaowei Huo
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
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Parthiban S, Sowndhraya RKV, Raja P, Parthiban M, Ramesh A, Raj GD, Senthilkumar K, Balasubramanyam D, Hemalatha S, Bharathi R, Ravishankar C, Parveen ST. Molecular detection of porcine parvovirus 1-associated reproductive failure in southern India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:195. [PMID: 35655031 PMCID: PMC9162486 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study used 56 aborted and stillborn fetuses from organized swine farms in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, southern states of India. All samples were screened by using a PCR assay that targets the NS1 gene for PPV. Furthermore, the PCR positive samples were subjected to amplification of the VP2 gene of PPV1 with designed primers and sequenced for further study. The PCR screening of 56 samples found that 14.3% (n = 8) were positive for PPV genome. According to VP2 gene–based PCR for PPV1, 897 bp specific amplicons were detected in all eight of the samples. Two of the eight positive samples (L17 and T5) were sequenced and annotated randomly. The BLAST analysis of contig sequence INDTNCHN-T5 revealed 100% sequence homology with Chinese PPV1genome, whereas sequence from INDTNCHN-L17 revealed 99.43% sequence homology with Spain, Chinese, and German. PPV1 sequences and both the sequences INDTNCHN-T5 and INDTNCHN-L17 were submitted to the GenBank under the accession numbers MW822566 and MW822567 respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences in this study revealed specific grouping along with PPV1 strains in cluster E. Amino acid analysis of both isolated sequences in addition to the reference sequence from PPV1 showed variations in position 215 (I to T) in both the isolates, variation at position 228 (Q to E) in T5 isolate and variations at position 59 (L to M) and 314 (K to E) in L17 isolate. This study represents the first report of PPV1 cluster E in Tamil Nadu, southern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007, India.
| | - R K V Sowndhraya
- Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - P Raja
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - M Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - A Ramesh
- Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, CAHS, MMC, Chennai-51, India
| | - G Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, India
| | - D Balasubramanyam
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, MVC, Chennai, India
| | - R Bharathi
- Central University Laboratory, CAHS, MMC, Chennai, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, COVAS, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, India
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8
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Kim SC, Kim JH, Kim JY, Park GS, Jeong CG, Kim WI. Prevalence of porcine parvovirus 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and co-factor association with PCV2 and PRRSV in Korea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:133. [PMID: 35395853 PMCID: PMC8994367 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical porcine parvovirus (PPV1) and novel porcine parvoviruses designated porcine parvovirus 2 through 7 (PPV2-PPV7) are widespread in pig populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rates of PPV1-PPV7 in Korea by detecting PPVs in serum, lung and fecal samples and to elucidate the association of PPVs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), major pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). A total of 286 serum, 481 lung, and 281 fecal samples collected from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed. Results The results showed that PPVs are widespread in Korea; the highest detection rates were found in lung samples and ranged from 7.9% (PPV1) to 32.6% (PPV2). Regarding age groups, fattening pigs had the highest detection rates of PPVs, ranging from 6.4% (PPV1) to 36.5% (PPV6); this finding suggests the chronic nature of PPV infections and the continual circulation of these viruses. When compared with PCV2- and PRRSV-negative lung samples, PCV2-positive samples with or without PRRSV positivity had significantly higher detection levels of PPV1 and PPV6. In contrast, the prevalence of PPV2 and PPV7 was significantly higher in PRRSV-infected lung samples regardless of PCV2 detection. PPV5 was detected significantly more frequently in samples with both PCV2 and PRRSV positivity. Conclusions This study could offer a better understanding of the role of PPVs in PCV2 and/or PRRSV infection though further studies are needed to experimentally assess the impact of PPVs in coinfections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeob Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea.
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9
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The first report of porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) in Colombia demonstrates the presence of variants associated with modifications at the level of the VP2-capsid protein. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258311. [PMID: 34914702 PMCID: PMC8675767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a wide variety of porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) referred to as PPV1 to PPV7. The latter was discovered in 2016 and later reported in some countries in America, Asia, and Europe. PPV7 as a pathogenic agent or coinfection with other pathogens causing disease has not yet been determined. In the present study, we report the identification of PPV7 for the first time in Colombia, where it was found retrospectively since 2015 in 40% of the provinces that make up the country (13/32), and the virus was ratified for 2018 in 4/5 provinces evaluated. Additionally, partial sequencing (nucleotides 380 to 4000) was performed of four Colombian strains completely covering the VP2 and NS1 viral genes. A sequence identity greater than 99% was found when comparing them with reference strains from the USA and China. In three of the four Colombian strains, an insertion of 15 nucleotides (five amino acids) was found in the PPV7-VP2 capsid protein (540–5554 nt; 180–184 aa). Based on this insertion, the VP2 phylogenetic analysis exhibited two well-differentiated evolutionarily related groups. To evaluate the impact of this insertion on the structure of the PPV7-VP2 capsid protein, the secondary structure of two different Colombian strains was predicted, and it was determined that the insertion is located in the coil region and not involved in significant changes in the structure of the protein. The 3D structure of the PPV7-VP2 capsid protein was determined by threading and homology modeling, and it was shown that the insertion did not imply a change in the shape of the protein. Additionally, it was determined that the insertion is not involved in suppressing a potential B cell epitope, although the increase in length of the epitope could affect the interaction with molecules that allow a specific immune response.
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10
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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11
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Mai J, Wang D, Zou Y, Zhang S, Meng C, Wang A, Wang N. High Co-infection Status of Novel Porcine Parvovirus 7 With Porcine Circovirus 3 in Sows That Experienced Reproductive Failure. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:695553. [PMID: 34395577 PMCID: PMC8358293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.695553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) and porcine circoviruses (PCVs) infect pigs worldwide, with PPV1–7 and PCV2 infections common in pigs. Although PPV7 was only identified in 2016, co-infection of PPV7 and PCV2 is already common, and PPV7 may stimulate PCV2 replication. PCV3, a novel type of circovirus, is prevalent in pig populations worldwide and considered to cause reproductive disorders and dermatitis nephrotic syndrome. In recent studies, pigs were commonly infected with both PCV3 and PPV7. Our objective was to investigate the co-infections between PPV7 and PCV3 in samples from swine on farms in Hunan, China, and assess the potential impacts of PPV7 on PCV3 viremia. A total of 209 samples, known to be positive (105) or negative (104) for PCV3, were randomly selected from serum samples that were collected from commercial swine herds in seven regions from 2016 to 2018 in our previous studies; these samples were subjected to real-time PCR to detect PPV7. Of these samples, 23% (48/209) were positive for PPV7. Furthermore, the PPV7 positive rate was significantly higher in PCV3 positive serum (31.4%, 33/105) than in PCV3 negative serum (14.4%, 15/104). Another 62 PCV3 positive sow serum samples and 20 PCV3 positive aborted fetuses were selected from 2015 to 2016 in our other previous study. These samples were designated as being from farms with or without long-standing histories of reproductive failure (RF or non-RF), respectively, and they were also subjected to real-time PCR to detect PPV7 and to determine whether PPV7 affected PCV3 viremia. Among the 62 serum samples (39 PCV3 positive RF-serum and 23 PCV3 positive non-RF-serum), 45.1% (28/62) were positive for PPV7 and PCV3, and the PPV7 positive rate was significantly higher in PCV3 positive RF-serum (51.2%, 20/39) than in PCV3 positive non-RF-serum (34.8%, 8/23). In addition, there was a higher positive rate of PPV7 (55%, 11/20) in PCV3 positive aborted fetus samples. In addition, the copy number of PCV3 in PPV7 positive samples was significantly higher than that in PPV7 negative serum samples. Based on these findings, we concluded that PPV7 may stimulate PCV3 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Mai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujiao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenguang Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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12
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Bisimwa PN, Wasso DS, Bantuzeko F, Aksanti CB, Tonui R, Birindwa AB, Bisimwa EB. First investigation on the presence of porcine parvovirus type 3 in domestic pig farms without reproductive failure in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100187. [PMID: 34278045 PMCID: PMC8264215 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) is one of the major pathogens responsible for reproductive failure in sows. However, the information on its frequency in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is largely unknown. Thus, the present study was carried out to detect and genetically characterize some of known Parvovirus namely porcine parvovirus 1, 2, 3, 4, porcine bocavirus (PBoV) 1, and porcine bocavirus-like virus (PBolikeV) in 80 randomly selected archive pig farm samples during an African swine fever (ASF) survey in South Kivu, eastern DRC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The majority of animals analyzed (82.5%) were local breeds, and most of them (87.5%) were adults (above one year old). The majority of the animals (65%) were from the free range farms. The PCR result indicated that only PPV3 was detected in 14/80 pigs. Seven swine herds (8.7%) were co-infected with PPV3 and ASFV. Morever, a significantly high PPV3 infection rate was observed in the spleen (66.7%, P<0.0001) compared to the others type of samples. Further, the phylogenetic analysis of partial PPV3 sequences revealed one clade of PPV3 clustered with PPV3 isolates reported in a previous study in Cameroun, China, Slovakia, Germany, and China. This study is the first to report the detection of PPV in DRC. Further studies are needed to assess the levels of PPV3 viremia and the impact in co-infections with other endemic pig viruses, including ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Bisimwa
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo.,Pan African University, Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dieudonné S Wasso
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo
| | - Fabrice Bantuzeko
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo
| | - Chance B Aksanti
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo.,University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ronald Tonui
- Pan African University, Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ahadi B Birindwa
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo
| | - Espoir B Bisimwa
- Université Evangélique en Afrique, Department of Animal Science and Production, Bukavu DR Congo
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13
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Park GN, Song S, Cha RM, Choe S, Shin J, Kim SY, Hyun BH, Park BK, An DJ. Genetic analysis of porcine parvoviruses detected in South Korean wild boars. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2249-2254. [PMID: 33999261 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. To date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (PPV2-PPV7) have been identified. In this study, we detected 11 PPV1 strains, five PPV3 strains, three PPV4 strains, six PPV5 strains, five PPV6 strains, and one PPV7 strain in Korean wild boars. PPV1, -3, and -5, and PPV6 from Korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the Ca2+ binding loop and the catalytic center of the PLA1 motif. Intra-species recombination among PPV7 strains was also identified. Genetic characterization revealed that PPV1 from Korean wild boars may be similar to virulent PPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Thuy NTD, Trung NT, Dung TQ, Khoa DVA, Thuy DTN, Opriessnig T. First investigation of the prevalence of parvoviruses in slaughterhouse pigs and genomic characterization of ungulate copiparvovirus 2 in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2021; 166:779-788. [PMID: 33433693 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1, also known as porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1), is considered to be one of the major causes of reproductive failure in pig breeding herds. Other parvoviruses have also been identified in pigs, including ungulate tetraparvovirus 3, or PPV2, ungulate tetraparvovirus 2, or PPV3, and ungulate copiparvovirus 2, or PPV4, but their significance for pigs is unknown. In the present study, the prevalence of PPV1-4 was investigated using a total of 231 lung and serum samples collected from slaughterhouses in 13 provinces throughout Vietnam. The overall prevalence was 54.5% (126/231) for PPV1, 28.0% (65/231) for PPV2, 17.7% (41/231) for PPV3, and 7.8% (18/231) for PPV4. While PPV1 and PPV2 were found in 11 provinces, PPV4 was detected in only three provinces. Co-circulation of PPV1, PPV2 and PPV3 was frequently observed, with PPV1/PPV2 coinfection predominating, with 20.8% (48/231). All four PPVs were detected together in only one sample from Thua Thien Hue. Three nearly complete PPV4 genome sequences of 5,453 nt were determined and deposited in the GenBank database. Alignment and comparison of the three genome sequences showed 99.5-99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and the deduced amino acid sequences of open reading frames 1-3 were 99.6-99.9% identical to each other, 98.9-99.3% identical to those of other Vietnamese strains and 99.4-99.7% identical to those of Chinese strains). Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed a close relationship between Vietnamese and Chinese PPV4 strains. These results are the first to report the prevalence of PPV1, PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4 and nearly complete genomic sequences of PPV4 in pigs from slaughterhouses in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Tran Quoc Dung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | - Dinh Thi Ngoc Thuy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for visual detection of porcine parvovirus 7. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:111. [PMID: 33628706 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and optimized a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based method to detect porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7). After using three pairs of specific primers to amplify PPV7 isothermally at 62 °C for 40 min, the amplified product was mixed with SYBR Green I, after which the sample turned green. The method detected PPV7 at concentrations as low as 40 copies/μL, and the sensitivity was consistent with that of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which was tenfold higher than that of conventional PCR. No cross-reactivity occurred with porcine parvovirus 1, porcine circovirus type 3, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine pseudorabies virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Simultaneous analysis of 76 clinical samples was performed using LAMP, conventional PCR, and nested PCR. The results showed that our method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific for the rapid diagnosis of PPV7 in pig farms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02623-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Kim SC, Jeong CG, Nazki S, Lee SI, Baek YC, Jung YJ, Kim WI. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR method for the detection of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 7 using various field samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245699. [PMID: 33508002 PMCID: PMC7842984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses that are widespread in the global pig population. PPV type 1 (PPV1) is a major causative agent of reproductive failure and has been recognized since the 1960s. In recent decades, novel PPVs have been identified and designated as PPVs 2 through 7 (PPV2~PPV7). Although the epidemiological impacts of these newly recognized parvoviruses on pigs are largely unknown, continuous surveillance of these PPVs is needed. The aim of this study was to develop an improved and efficient detection tool for these PPVs and to assess the developed method with field samples. Using 7 sets of newly designed primers, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) protocol was developed for the simultaneous detection of the seven genotypes of PPV (PPV1~PPV7). The sensitivity of the mPCR assay was analyzed, and the detection limit was determined to be 3×103 viral copies. The assay was highly specific in detecting one or more of the viruses in various combinations in specimens. The mPCR method was evaluated with 80 serum samples, 40 lung or lymph node samples and 40 intestine or fecal samples. When applied to these samples, the mPCR method could detect the 7 viruses simultaneously, providing rapid results regarding infection and coinfection status. In conclusion, the developed mPCR assay can be utilized as an effective and accurate diagnostic tool for rapid differential detection and epidemiological surveillance of various PPVs in numerous types of field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ye-Chan Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
Swine DNA viruses have developed unique mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, infection and DNA replication, and finally, construction and release of new viral particles. This article reviews four classes of DNA viruses affecting swine: porcine circoviruses, African swine fever virus, porcine parvoviruses, and pseudorabies virus. Porcine circoviruses belonging to the Circoviridae family are small single-stranded DNA viruses causing different diseases in swine including poly-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine respiratory disease complex. African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfivirus genus in the Asfarviridae family, is a large double-stranded DNA virus and for its propensity to cause high mortality, it is currently considered the most dangerous virus in the pig industry. Porcine parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae family that cause reproductive failure in pregnant gilts. Pseudorabies virus, or suid herpesvirus 1, is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Recent findings including general as well as genetic classification, virus structure, clinical syndromes and the host immune system responses and vaccine protection are described for all four swine DNA virus classes.
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18
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Porcine Parvovirus 7: Evolutionary Dynamics and Identification of Epitopes toward Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030359. [PMID: 32635618 PMCID: PMC7565409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) belonging to the genus Chapparvovirus in the family Parvoviridae, has been identified in the USA, Sweden, Poland, China, South Korea and Brazil. Our objective was to determine the phylogeny, estimate the time of origin and evolutionary dynamics of PPV7, and use computer-based immune-informatics to assess potential epitopes of its Cap, the main antigenic viral protein, for vaccines or serology. Regarding evolutionary dynamics, PPV7 had 2 major clades, both of which possibly had a common ancestor in 2004. Furthermore, PPV7 strains from China were the most likely ancestral strains. The nucleotide substitution rates of NS1 and Cap genes were 8.01 × 10−4 and 2.19 × 10−3 per site per year, respectively, which were higher than those reported for PPV1-4. The antigenic profiles of PPV7 Cap were revealed and there were indications that PPV7 used antigenic shift to escape from the host’s immune surveillance. Linear B cell epitopes and CD8 T cell epitopes of Cap with good antigenic potential were identified in silico; these conserved B cell epitopes may be candidates for the PPV7 vaccine or for the development of serological diagnostic methods.
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19
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Chung HC, Nguyen VG, Huynh TML, Park YH, Park KT, Park BK. PCR-based detection and genetic characterization of porcine parvoviruses in South Korea in 2018. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:113. [PMID: 32295585 PMCID: PMC7161289 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background with the advantage of sequencing technology, many novel porcine parvoviruses (PPV) rather than PPV1 has been reported. This study ultilized specific PCR- based method and gene- based analysis to study the presence and genetic diversity of porcine parvoviruses in South Korea in 2018. Results The present study was conducted in 2018 and found PPV1 and PPV7 in nine out of 151 field samples (organs and semen) by the PCR method. Among these, the complete genome sequences of five strains (N2, N91, N108, N133, and N141) were recovered. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the strains N2, N91, and N108 belong to the PPV1 genotype, while N133 and N141 belong to PPV7 genotype. The PPV7 strains collected in this study had deletion mutations in the VP2 gene but differed from that of PPV7 strains collected in 2017. Among the PPV1 strains, the amino acid variations in the B cell epitopes of the VP2 protein were observed between three Korean PPV1 field strains (N2, N91, and N108) and the reference PPV1 strains. Those substitutions resulted in six out of 12 predicted epitopes having significant differences in antigenic index compared to the other PPV1 strains. Conclusions This study confirmed the presence of different genotypes of porcine parvoviruses in South Korea. The PPVs circulating in South Korea were phylogenetically classified as PPV1 and PPV7 genotypes. Three Korean PPV1 strains collected in 2018 were predicted to have antigenic alteration in VP2 compared to several reference strains of PPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University DaeHakRo 1, GwanAk-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi-My-Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kun-Taek Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University DaeHakRo 1, GwanAk-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Garcia-Camacho LA, Vargas-Ruiz A, Marin-Flamand E, Ramírez-Álvarez H, Brown C. A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:366-376. [PMID: 32096557 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2+ -RF) cases, and 44 PCV2- -RF cases. Overall, PPV2 and PPV6 were the most prevalent species (90.0% and 74.7%, respectively). In 8-11 week old pigs, the highest prevalence was for PPV6 and PPV3. Concerning reproductive failure, the PCV2-affected farms had a significantly higher prevalence for PPV6 (61.6%) and PPV5 (36.4%) than the PCV2-unaffected farms (35.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The concurrent infection rate was high, being significant for PPV2/PPV4 and PPV1/PPV5 within the PMWS cases and for PPV6/PPV5 among the PCV2+ -RF tissues. PPV5 showed a significant relationship with PMWS, whereas PPV5 and PPV6 were significant for PCVAD. The prevalence and coinfection rate of PPVs in Mexico were markedly higher than that described in other countries, denoting that PPV5 and PPV6 might have a potential role in PCVAD in Mexico. It is concluded that it is likely that the density population of pigs in Mexico is contributing to high PPV inter-species and PCV2 coinfections which might lead to a different pathogenic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Angélica Garcia-Camacho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vargas-Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Marin-Flamand
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Hugo Ramírez-Álvarez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Corrie Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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21
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Podgórska K, Stadejek T. Do porcine parvoviruses 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) have an impact on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia in pigs? Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108613. [PMID: 32122579 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections with porcine parvoviruses 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are widespread in pig population. PCV2 is involved in a number of disease syndromes collectively called PCV2-associated diseases (PCVD). It is well elucidated, that PPV1 may act as a triggering factor of PCVD through supporting PCV2 replication. Less is known about the PPV2-PPV7 impact on PCV2 viremia, but several authors suggested an association between these viruses. In order to provide a better understanding of PCV2 and PPVs co-infections, 519 serum samples from eight Polish swine farms were tested by real-time PCR to assess the possible impact of PPV1-PPV7 on PCV2 viremia. Among all 519 serum samples, 30.6 % were positive for PCV2 and PPVs detection rates ranged from 2.9 % (PPV1) to 26.6 % (PPV2). Within 159 serum samples categorized as PCV2-positive, the prevalence rates of PPVs ranged from 7.5 % (PPV1) to 37.1 % (PPV6). The level of PCV2 viremia was significantly higher only in serum samples positive for PPV1 and PPV7 compared to samples negative for these PPVs. Moreover, the correlation between Ct values for PPV7 and PCV2 was observed. Thus, our results suggested that apart from PPV1, also PPV7 stimulate the replication of PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Podgórska
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Da Silva MS, Budaszewski RF, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Paim WP, Mósena ACS, Canova R, Varela APM, Mayer FQ, Pereira CW, Canal CW. Liver virome of healthy pigs reveals diverse small ssDNA viral genomes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104203. [PMID: 32035977 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is a major exporter of pork meat worldwide. Swine liver is a common ingredient in food consumed by humans, thus emphasizing the importance of evaluating the presence of associated pathogens in swine liver. To obtain knowledge, this study aimed to provide insights into the viral communities of livers collected from slaughtered pigs from southern Brazil. The 46 livers were processed and submitted for high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The sequences were most closely related to Anelloviridae, Circoviridae and Parvoviridae families. The present work also describes the first Brazilian PCV1 and the first PPV6 and PPV7 from South America. Virus frequencies revelead 63% of samples positive for TTSuV1, 71% for TTSuVk2, 10.8% for PCV, 13% for PPV and 6% for PBov. This report addresses the diversity of the liver virome of healthy pigs and expands the number of viruses detected, further characterizing their genomes to assist future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Pereira
- Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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23
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Sawaswong V, Fahsbender E, Altan E, Kemthong T, Deng X, Malaivijitnond S, Payungporn S, Delwart E. High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Viruses 2019; 11:E971. [PMID: 31652508 PMCID: PMC6832579 DOI: 10.3390/v11100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques are common across South East Asian countries including Thailand. The National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU) captures wild-borne cynomolgus macaque for research use. Limited information is available on the enteric viruses and possible zoonotic infections into or from cynomolgus macaques. We characterized and compare the fecal virome of two populations; healthy wild-originated captive cynomolgus macaques (n = 43) reared in NPRCT-CU and healthy wild cynomolgus macaques (n = 35). Over 90% of recognized viral sequence reads amplified from feces were from bacterial viruses. Viruses from seven families of mammalian viruses were also detected (Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Caliciviridae). The genomes of a member of a new picornavirus genus we named Mafapivirus, a primate chapparvovirus, and a circular Rep-encoding single-strand (CRESS) DNA virus were also characterized. Higher abundance of CRESS DNA viruses of unknown tropism and invertebrate-tropic ambidensovirus were detected in wild versus captive macaques likely reflecting dietary differences. Short term rearing in captivity did not have a pronounced effect on the diversity of mammalian viruses of wild cynomolgus macaques. This study is the first report of the fecal virome of cynomolgus macaques, non-human primates frequently used in biomedical research and vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vorthon Sawaswong
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center-Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi 18110, Thailand.
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | | | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Chulalongkorn University (CUSB), Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
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24
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Wang W, Cao L, Sun W, Xin J, Zheng M, Tian M, Lu H, Jin N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of novel porcine parvovirus 7 isolates from pigs in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219560. [PMID: 31291362 PMCID: PMC6619813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans. In recent years, advances in molecular techniques have resulted in the identification of several novel parvoviruses in swine. In this study, porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) isolates from clinical samples collected in Guangxi, China, were examined to understand their molecular epidemiology and co-infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). In this study, among the 385 pig serum samples, 105 were positive for PPV7, representing a 27.3% positive detection rate. The co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 17.4% (67/385). Compared with the reference strains, we noted 93.9%-97.9% similarity in the NS1 gene and 87.4%-95.0% similarity in the cap gene. Interestingly, compared with the reference strains, sixteen of the PPV7 strains in this study contained an additional 3 to 15 nucleotides in the middle of the cap gene. Therefore, the Cap protein of fourteen strains encoded 474 amino acids, and the Cap protein of the other two strains encoded 470 amino acids. However, the Cap protein of the reference strain PPV7 isolate 42 encodes 469 amino acids. This is the first report of sequence variation within the cap gene, confirming an increase in the number of amino acids in the Cap protein of PPV7. Our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV7 in swine in Guangxi, China, as well as sequence data and phylogenetic analysis of these novel PPV7 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
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25
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Guzowska M, Stadejek T. Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2-PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050474. [PMID: 31137628 PMCID: PMC6563502 DOI: 10.3390/v11050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in reproductive failure, but in the last two decades many novel porcine parvoviruses were described and designated as porcine parvovirus 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6). However, their role for pig health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the on-farm prevalence of PPVs in different age groups of pigs, and to assess the diagnostic applicability of testing different diagnostic materials. In total, 271 oral fluids, 1244 serum samples, and 1238 fecal samples were collected from 3–21-week-old pigs from 19 farms, and after pooling by 4–6, tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that PPVs are widely spread in Poland and that the highest detection rates were obtained for oral fluids (ranging from 10.7% (PPV1) to 48.7% (PPV2)). Fattening pigs were the age group with the most frequent detection of PPVs (ranging from 8.6% (PPV1) to 49.1% (PPV2)). Porcine parvoviruses were detected mostly in growing-finishing pigs and the infection persisted until the late fattening period, which may suggest the chronic character of the infection (especially for PPV2, which was found to commonly infect animals of all ages). Particularly low Ct values detected for PPV2, PPV3, PPV5, and PPV6 in serum pools from some farms suggested that these viruses may cause high levels of viremia in one or more individuals included in these pools. Further studies are needed to quantify the levels of PPVs viremia and to assess the impact in co-infections with other, often endemic pig viruses, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Guzowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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