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Pianezze S, Paolini M, D'Archivio AA, Perini M. Gas chromatography-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry prior solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: development and optimization of analytical methods to analyse garlic ( Allium sativum L.) volatile fraction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30248. [PMID: 38726102 PMCID: PMC11078878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is not only appreciated for its flavour and taste, but it is also recognized for various health properties. The European Commission, through the attribution of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) certification mark, has officially recognized some specific varieties of garlic. To protect not only the commercial value but also the reputation of this appreciated product, effective tools are therefore required. For the first time, a new compound specific isotope analysis method based on carbon stable isotopic ratio measurement of the three major volatile garlic compounds allyl alcohol (AA), diallyl disulphide (DD) and diallyl trisulphide (DT) through head-space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) was developed. A within-day standard deviation (Srwithin-day) of 0.3 ‰, 0.4 ‰ and 0.2 ‰ for δ(13C) and a between-day standard deviation (Srbetween-day) of 0.8 ‰, 1.0 ‰ and 0.6 ‰ of AA, DT and DD was estimated. For the first time, the ranges of isotopic variability for the three volatile compounds of red garlic from two neighbouring Italian regions (Abruzzo and Lazio) were defined analysing 30 samples. The same dataset was also considered in analysing the percentage composition of the previously mentioned three volatile compounds through HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The two analytical approaches were combined in this explorative study, aiming to provide potential parameters to discriminate garlic samples based on their geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pianezze
- Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach n.2, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Mauro Paolini
- Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach n.2, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonio D'Archivio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach n.2, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
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Pan Y, Liu J, Wang D, Zhou P, Chen T, Tang Y, Ji C. DADS Inhibits the Proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 Cells by Inducing Autophagy via the MEK/ERK Signalling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:271-278. [PMID: 38214811 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is effective at suppressing tumour cell growth and proliferation. This study verified the morphology and growth activity of MDCC-MSB-1 cells by using an MTT assay to detect the effect of DADS on the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells and a CCK8 assay to detect the effect of DADS on the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells. We found that the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells decreased with increasing DADS concentrations. MDC staining and Western blotting were used to analyse autophagy, the associated protein LC3 and the MEK/ERK pathway proteins MEK and ERK and to investigate changes in cellular autophagy based on cell morphology and molecular biology. With increasing concentrations of DADS, MDCC-MSB-1 cell autophagy increased in a gradient manner. Additionally, the conversion of the autophagy marker protein LC3-I increased with increasing drug concentrations, and the relative expression of LC3-II steadily increased, as did the expression of key protein components of the MEK/ERK signalling pathway, including P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2. These results suggest that DADS induces autophagy through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chunxiao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Nutritional Approaches Targeting Gut Microbiota in Oxidative-Stress-Associated Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Early Life Programming. Nutrients 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38474810 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) denotes a constellation of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, with its roots potentially traced back to early life. Given the pivotal role of oxidative stress and dysbiotic gut microbiota in MetS pathogenesis, comprehending their influence on MetS programming is crucial. Targeting these mechanisms during the early stages of life presents a promising avenue for preventing MetS later in life. This article begins by examining detrimental insults during early life that impact fetal programming, ultimately contributing to MetS in adulthood. Following that, we explore the role of oxidative stress and the dysregulation of gut microbiota in the initiation of MetS programming. The review also consolidates existing evidence on how gut-microbiota-targeted interventions can thwart oxidative-stress-associated MetS programming, encompassing approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and the modulation of bacterial metabolites. While animal studies demonstrate the favorable effects of gut-microbiota-targeted therapy in mitigating MetS programming, further clinical investigations are imperative to enhance our understanding of manipulating gut microbiota and oxidative stress for the prevention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ferguson DT, Taka E, Messeha S, Flores-Rozas H, Reed SL, Redmond BV, Soliman KFA, Kanga KJW, Darling-Reed SF. The Garlic Compound, Diallyl Trisulfide, Attenuates Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Precancerous Effect through Its Antioxidant Effect, AhR Inhibition, and Increased DNA Repair in Human Breast Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:300. [PMID: 38276538 PMCID: PMC10819007 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to B[a]P, the most characterized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, significantly increases breast cancer risk. Our lab has previously reported that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) with chemopreventive and cell cycle arrest properties, reduces lipid peroxides and DNA damage in normal breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DATS to block the B[a]P-induced initiation of carcinogenesis in MCF-10A cells by examining changes in proliferation, clonogenic formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and protein expression of ARNT/HIF-1β, CYP1A1, and DNA POLβ. The study results indicate that B[a]P increased proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels, as well as increasing the protein expression of ARNT/HIF-1β and CYP1A1 compared to the control. Conversely, DATS/B[a]P co-treatment (CoTx) inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels compared to B[a]P alone. Treatment with DATS significantly inhibited (p < 0.0001) AhR expression, implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. The CoTx also attenuated all the above-mentioned B[a]P-induced changes in protein expression. At the same time, it increased DNA POLβ protein expression, which indicates increased DNA repair, thus causing a chemopreventive effect. These results provide evidence for the chemopreventive effects of DATS in breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique T. Ferguson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Equar Taka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Samia Messeha
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Sarah L. Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Bryan V. Redmond
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Konan J. W. Kanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Selina F. Darling-Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.M.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
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Ferguson DT, Taka E, Tilghman SL, Womble T, Redmond BV, Gedeon S, Flores-Rozas H, Reed SL, Soliman KFA, Kanga KJW, Darling-Reed SF. The Anticancer Effects of the Garlic Organosulfide Diallyl Trisulfide through the Attenuation of B[a]P-Induced Oxidative Stress, AhR Expression, and DNA Damage in Human Premalignant Breast Epithelial (MCF-10AT1) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:923. [PMID: 38255999 PMCID: PMC10815401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most characterized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon associated with breast cancer. Our lab previously reported that the organosulfur compound (OSC), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), chemoprevention mechanism works through the induction of cell cycle arrest and a reduction in oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal breast epithelial cells. We hypothesize that DATS will inhibit B[a]P-induced cancer initiation in premalignant breast epithelial (MCF-10AT1) cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DATS to attenuate B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation in MCF-10AT1 cells by measuring biological endpoints such as proliferation, clonogenicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) DNA damage levels, as well as DNA repair and antioxidant proteins. The results indicate that B[a]P induced proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels, as well as increasing AhR, ARNT/HIF-1β, and CYP1A1 protein expression compared with the control in MCF-10AT1 cells. B[a]P/DATS's co-treatment (CoTx) inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, AhR protein expression, and 8-OHdG levels compared with B[a]P alone and attenuated all the above-mentioned B[a]P-induced changes in protein expression, causing a chemopreventive effect. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that DATS prevents premalignant breast cells from undergoing B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation, thus providing more evidence for its chemopreventive effects in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique T. Ferguson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Equar Taka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Syreeta L. Tilghman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Tracy Womble
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Bryan V. Redmond
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Shasline Gedeon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Sarah L. Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Konan J. W. Kanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Selina F. Darling-Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
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Tyagi N, Ralli T, Ali A, Kohli K. Hypothesizing the Green Synthesis of Tamoxifen Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:537-546. [PMID: 37231732 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230525104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the world and is not only limited to females but also affects males. For estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, tamoxifen has been considered the gold-line therapy for many decades. However, due to the side effects associated with the use of tamoxifen, its use is only limited to individuals in high-risk groups and limits its clinical application to moderate and/or lower-risk groups. Thus, there is a necessity to decrease the dose of tamoxifen, which can be achieved by targeting the drug to breast cancer cells and limiting its absorption to other body parts. Artificial antioxidants used in the formulation preparation are assumed to upsurge the risk of cancer and liver damage in humans. The need of the hour is to explore bioefficient antioxidants from natural plant sources as they are safer and additionally possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The objective of this hypothesis is to prepare tamoxifen-loaded PEGylated NiO nanoparticles using green chemistry, tumbling the toxic effects of the conventional method of synthesis for targeted delivery to breast cancer cells. The significance of the work is to hypothesize a green method for the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, decrease multidrug resistance, and can be used for targeted therapy. Garlic extract contains an organosulfur compound (Allicin) which has drug-metabolizing, anti-oxidant, and tumour growth inhibition effects. In breast cancer, allicin sensitizes estrogen receptors, increasing the anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen and reducing offsite toxicity. Thus, this garlic extract would act as a reducing agent and a capping agent. The use of nickel salt can help in targeted delivery to breast cancer cells and, in turn, reduces drug toxicity in different organs. This novel strategy may aim for cancer management with less toxic agents acting as an apt therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lv H, Jia X, Yang H, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Jiang X. Prediction of the mechanism for the combination of diallyl trisulfide and cisplatin against gastric cancer: a network pharmacology study and pharmacological evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269895. [PMID: 37964870 PMCID: PMC10642245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In this research, we aimed to explore the efficacy of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) combined with cisplatin (DDP) for gastric cancer treatment and its underlying mechanism based on network pharmacology. Methods: First, the pharmacological mechanism by which DATS combined with DDP acts against gastric cancer was predicted using network pharmacology. The TTD, GeneCards, and OMIM databases were used to extract drug and disease targets. The David Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 database was used to conduct GO and KEGG analyses. We investigated the efficacy of DATS combined with DDP against gastric cancer in SGC7901 cells and a xenograft model. Furthermore, the specific mechanism of DATS combined with DDP, inferred by network pharmacology, was identified by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: The combination of DDP and DATS significantly increased cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis compared to the DATS or DDP treatment group in vitro. In addition, continuous intraperitoneal injection of DATS markedly improved the tumor inhibitory effect of DDP in the SGC-7901 tumor-bearing mouse model. Furthermore, network pharmacology and experimental validation studies revealed that the combination of DATS and DDP synergistically enhanced antitumor activity by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting STAT3/PKC-δ and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: Our study showed that the combination of DATS and DDP could exert outstanding therapeutic effects in gastric cancer. Moreover, network pharmacology coupled with experimental validation revealed the molecular mechanisms of combination therapy for gastric cancer. This study offers a new adjuvant strategy based on DATS and DDP for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyou Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huatian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wang P, Xie W, Ding L, Zhuo Y, Gao Y, Li J, Zhao L. Effects of Maize-Crop Rotation on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activities, Microbial Biomass and Microbial Community Structure in Southwest China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 38004632 PMCID: PMC10672910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing cover crops into maize rotation systems is widely practiced to increase crop productivity and achieve sustainable agricultural development, yet the potential for crop rotational diversity to contribute to environmental benefits in soils remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the effects of different crop rotation patterns on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in soils from field experiments. Crop rotation patterns included (i) pure maize monoculture (CC), (ii) maize-garlic (CG), (iii) maize-rape (CR) and (iv) maize-annual ryegrass for one year (Cir1), two years (Cir2) and three years (Cir3). Our results showed that soil physicochemical properties varied in all rotation patterns, with higher total and available phosphorus concentrations in CG and CR and lower soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations in the maize-ryegrass rotations compared to CC. Specifically, soil fertility was ranked as CG > Cir2 > CR > Cir3 > CC > Cir1. CG decreased enzyme activities but enhanced microbial biomass. Cir2 decreased carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) acquiring enzyme activities and soil microbial C and N concentrations, but increased phosphorus (P) acquiring enzyme activities and microbial biomass P concentrations compared to CC. Soil bacterial and fungal diversity (Shannon index) were lower in CG and Cir2 compared to CC, while the richness (Chao1 index) was lower in CG, CR, Cir1 and Cir2. Most maize rotations notably augmented the relative abundance of soil bacteria, including Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Rokubacteria, while not necessarily decreasing the abundance of soil fungi like Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Anthophyta. Redundancy analysis indicated that nitrate-N, ammonium-N and microbial biomass N concentrations had a large impact on soil bacterial communities, whereas nitrate-N and ammonium-N, available P, soil organic C and microbial biomass C concentrations had a greater effect on soil fungal communities. In conclusion, maize rotations with garlic, rape and ryegrass distinctly modify soil properties and microbial compositions. Thus, we advocate for garlic and annual ryegrass as maize cover crops and recommend a two-year rotation for perennial ryegrass in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenhui Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Leilei Ding
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Yingping Zhuo
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
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Furdak P, Pieńkowska N, Kapusta I, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Comparison of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects of Various Forms of Garlic and Ramsons. Molecules 2023; 28:6512. [PMID: 37764288 PMCID: PMC10538172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic is known to be rich in antioxidants, inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells, and hamper cancer formation and growth, but various forms of garlic can differ greatly in these respects. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of fresh Polish and Spanish garlic, black and granulated garlic, as well as fresh and dried ramsons. Extracts of black and granulated garlic showed the lowest total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The content of phenolic compounds correlated with TAC measured by ABTS• decolorization and FRAP methods, and with the results of FRAP and DPPH• decolorization assays. Garlic extracts inhibited the proliferation of PEO1 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and, usually to a smaller extent, MRC-5 fibroblasts. PBS extracts of fresh Spanish garlic showed the highest potency for inhibition of proliferation of PEO1 cells (IC50 of 0.71 µg extract dry mass/100 µL medium). No significant correlation was found between the potency for inhibition of proliferation and the content of phenolics or flavonoids, confirming that phenolics are the main determinants of TAC but do not contribute significantly to the antiproliferative effects of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Furdak
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.F.); (N.P.)
- Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, 16C Rejtana Street, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Natalia Pieńkowska
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.F.); (N.P.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.F.); (N.P.)
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10
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Bryan-Thomas J, McClear T, Omoregie S. Antimicrobial potential of unstressed and heat stressed Allium sativum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103749. [PMID: 37560481 PMCID: PMC10407899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is generally known to be of medicinal value, possessing potentials that include antimicrobial activity, but are often consumed in foods after subjection to cooking heat. The antimicrobial potential of heat stressed garlic may become decreased or lost when cooked, making its medicinal benefit unavailable to consumers. The potential of uncooked and cooked extracts from garlic imported to Jamaica, to inhibit the growth of eight microbes of clinical significance was investigated. Aqueous extracts of fresh garlic of 15 g/100 ml (fw), and dried and pulverized garlic cloves of 12.5 g/100 ml, 25 g/100 ml, 50 g/100 ml, and 100 g/100 ml (dw), were tested for inhibition of microbial growth. Extracts were tested uncooked, and cooked by boiling for 5, 10, and 15 min respectively. Of all the microbes studied, C. albicans incurred the largest zone of inhibition (57.7 ± 0.6 mm at the 100 g/100 ml of the dried extract, F(3, 8) = 51.778, p < 0.001, ω2 = 0.93). Cooking of garlic extracts resulted in statistically significant decreases in zones of inhibition of microbes, as evident in the linear regression and one-way ANOVA analyses, and/or complete loss of microbial inhibition. C. albicans was the most inhibited microbe, followed by E. coli, and Salmonella sp., respectively. The use of uncooked garlic may be the best route for obtaining the greatest antimicrobial potential of garlic against susceptible bacteria and fungi because cooking heat stress resulted in the decrease and complete loss of the antimicrobial potentials of the garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joneshia Bryan-Thomas
- Department of Medical Technology, Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica
| | - Teena McClear
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science, Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica
| | - Samson Omoregie
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston 6, Jamaica
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11
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Citi V, Passerini M, Calderone V, Testai L. Plants and Mushrooms as Possible New Sources of H 2S Releasing Sulfur Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11886. [PMID: 37569263 PMCID: PMC10418851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), known for many decades exclusively for its toxicity and the smell of rotten eggs, has been re-discovered for its pleiotropic effects at the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular level. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the discovery of molecules able to release H2S in a smart manner, i.e., slowly and for a long time, thus ensuring the maintenance of its physiological levels and preventing "H2S-poor" diseases. Despite the development of numerous synthetically derived molecules, the observation that plants containing sulfur compounds share the same pharmacological properties as H2S led to the characterization of naturally derived compounds as H2S donors. In this regard, polysulfuric compounds occurring in plants belonging to the Alliaceae family were the first characterized as H2S donors, followed by isothiocyanates derived from vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family, and this led us to consider these plants as nutraceutical tools and their daily consumption has been demonstrated to prevent the onset of several diseases. Interestingly, sulfur compounds are also contained in many fungi. In this review, we speculate about the possibility that they may be novel sources of H2S-donors, furnishing new data on the release of H2S from several selected extracts from fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Saeed Z, Alkheraije KA. Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157633. [PMID: 37180056 PMCID: PMC10168295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Patel D, Rathaur P, Parwani K, Patel F, Sharma D, Johar K, Mandal P. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis of synbiotics as preventive interventions for lipid metabolism in ethanol-induced adipose tissue injury. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 37055787 PMCID: PMC10103406 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is increased by excessive ethanol drinking. For the prevention of ALD, the effects of ethanol on the liver, adipose tissue, and gut are crucial. Interestingly, garlic and a few probiotic strains can protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation, Kyolic aged garlic extract (AGE), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC1423 in developing ALD is unknown. Therefore, the present study explored the effect of synbiotics (a combination of prebiotics and probiotics) on adipose tissue to prevent ALD. To investigate the efficacy of synbiotics administration on adipose tissue in preventing ALD, in vitro (3T3-L1 cells, N = 3) groups: control, control + LPS (lipopolysaccharide), ethanol, ethanol + LPS, ethanol + synbiotics, ethanol + synbiotics + LPS; in vivo (Wistar male rats, N = 6) groups: control, ethanol, pairfed, ethanol + synbiotics and in silico experiments were conducted. Lactobacillus multiplies in accordance with the growth curve when exposed to AGE. Additionally, Oil red O staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that synbiotics therapy maintained the morphology of adipocytes in the alcoholic model. In support of the morphological changes, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of adiponectin and downregulation of leptin, resistin, PPARγ, CYP2E1, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α after administration of synbiotics compared to the ethanol group. In addition, MDA estimation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the synbiotics treatment reduced oxidative stress in rat adipose tissue. Consequently, the in-silico analysis revealed that AGE inhibited the C-D-T networks as PPARγ acting as the main target protein. The current study demonstrates that using synbiotics improves adipose tissue metabolism in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Patel
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Rathaur
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti Parwani
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Farhin Patel
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Dixa Sharma
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India.
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Ng DHJ, Chan LY, Fitzner L, Keppler JK, Ismail SM, Hird S, Hancock P, Karin S, Tobias D. A novel screening method for free non-standard amino acids in human plasma samples using AccQ·Tag reagents and LC-MS/MS. Anal Methods 2023; 15:445-454. [PMID: 36602091 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There are at least 500 naturally occurring amino acids, of which only 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids are used universally across all organisms in the synthesis of peptides and proteins. Non-standard amino acids can be incorporated into proteins or are intermediates and products of metabolic pathways. While the analysis of standard amino acids is well-defined, the analysis of non-standard amino acids can be challenging due to the wide range of physicochemical properties, and the lack of both reference standards and information in curated databases to aid compound identification. It has been shown that the use of an AccQ·Tag™ derivatization kit along with LC-MS/MS is an attractive option for the analysis of free standard amino acids in complex samples because it is fast, sensitive, reproducible, and selective. It has been demonstrated that the most abundant quantitative transition for MS/MS analysis of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatized amino acids corresponds to the fragmentation of the molecule at the 6-aminoquinoline carbonyl group producing a common m/z 171 fragment ion and occurs at similar mass spectrometry collision energy and cone voltages. In this study, the unique properties of AQC derivatized amino acids producing high intensity common fragment ions, along with chromatographic separation of amino acids under generic chromatography conditions, were used to develop a novel screening method for the detection of trace levels of non-standard amino acids in complex matrices. Structural elucidation was carried out by comparing the MS/MS fragment ion mass spectra generated with in silico predicted fragmentation spectra to enable a putative identification, which was confirmed using an appropriate analytical standard. This workflow was applied to screen human plasma samples for bioactive thiol-group modified cysteine amino acids and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (SACS or alliin) and S-propenylcysteine (S1PC) are reported for the first time to be present in human plasma samples after the administration of garlic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H J Ng
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Li Yan Chan
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Laura Fitzner
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Keppler
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - Shareef M Ismail
- Global Service Education, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
| | - Simon Hird
- Food and Environment Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Peter Hancock
- Food and Environment Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Schwarz Karin
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Demetrowitsch Tobias
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
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15
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Hossain MS, Shahiduzzaman M, Rahim MA, Paul M, Sarkar R, Chaity FS, Uddin MN, Rana GM, Yeasmin MS, Kibria A, Islam S. Bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds profiling of newly developed garlic varieties of Bangladesh. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100577. [PMID: 36845496 PMCID: PMC9944507 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies are being carried out on achieving the maximum quality of garlic through various approaches. In Bangladesh, new garlic varieties (BARI 1-4, BAU-1, BAU-2, BAU-5) have been recently developed by artificial selection to enhance their quality. The present study aimed to evaluate their potency in terms of bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds content using different bioassay and GC-MS techniques while comparing them with other accessible varieties (Chinese, Indian, Local). The new variety, BARI-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. It was also found with the highest level of a potent blood pressure-lowering agent, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine (78.15 %), which is never reported in any garlic at this percentage. However, the local variety exhibited greater inhibitory properties against the tested organisms including multidrug-resistant pathogens compared to other varieties. This study primarily shows the potential of these two kinds of garlic for their further utilization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hossain
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahiduzzaman
- Regional Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rahim
- Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Methun Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Showline Chaity
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Najem Uddin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - G.M. Masud Rana
- Oils, Fats & Waxes Research Division, BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin
- Oils, Fats & Waxes Research Division, BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Kibria
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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Li B, Li J, Akbari A, Baziyar P, Hu S. Evaluation of Expression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase and Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Apoptotic Markers in Testicular Tissue of Obese Rats (Pre)Treated with Garlic Powder. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:4858274. [PMID: 36644444 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4858274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, adolescent obesity is recognized as an epidemic and a cause of reproductive disorders. Decreased testosterone levels occur due to functional defects in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, excessive activity of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme, and testicular dysfunction in these people. Oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis are also the main mechanisms of testicular damage during obesity. The use of herbal products such as garlic can improve this disorder due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment and treatment of garlic powder on the expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme and the expression of genes involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis in testicular tissue, and metabolic function of liver tissue in young male obese rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin as metabolic factors were measured along with the testicular antioxidant and inflammation markers. The expression of Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 along with NF-κB, SREBP-1c, CPT-1beta, Nrf-2, CD36, FAS, CYP19A1, P450scc, StAR, 17βHSD, PPARα, and aromatase (CYP19, P450arom) was also measured. Testicular histological evaluation and spermatogenic process was also performed. The results showed that oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic factors significantly increased in obese rats. The testicular expression of aromatase, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 increased and Nrf2 expression decreased in obese rats, while (pre) treatment with garlic powder significantly decreased the expression of these genes in obese rats. These results were also confirmed by the findings of the histological evaluation and sperm analysis. It can be concluded that garlic powder could improve reproductive dysfunction in obese rats.
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17
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Abe K, Yamamoto K, Myoda T, Fujii T, Niwa K. Protective effects of volatile components of aged garlic extract against ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14482. [PMID: 36219767 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to protect the skin against UV-induced damage, but effects of its volatile components remain unknown. We investigated the effects of the volatile fraction of AGE on the responses of cultured skin fibroblasts subjected to UV-B irradiation. UV-B irradiation (20 mJ/cm2 ) reduced the cell viability to 55% of control. The nonvolatile and volatile fractions of AGE inhibited the UV-B-induced reduction of cell viability; the cell viabilities were 100% and 73%, respectively. The volatile fraction inhibited the UV-B-induced increase in apoptotic cell death by 28%. The volatile fraction also inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by UV-B irradiation. GC-MS analysis revealed that a large number of volatile compounds were generated during aging of garlic. These results suggest that the volatile fraction of AGE has protective effects against the UV-B-induced death of skin fibroblasts, and that this effect may partly be due to an inhibition of apoptosis via the downregulation of MAPK signaling. The volatile compounds of AGE may have beneficial applications for skin health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, we investigated the effects of AGE against cell damage of UV-B-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. The aging process of garlic produced characteristic volatile compounds that have significant protective effects against UV-induced cell damage. Our results demonstrated that the aging process is a suitable method to develop added value in garlic extracts to improve skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Abe
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan.,Healthcare Research and Development Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
| | - Takao Myoda
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Healthcare Research and Development Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Niwa
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
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Nawaka N, Wanmasae S, Makarasen A, Dechtrirat D, Techasakul S, Jeenduang N. Allicin and Capsaicin Ameliorated Hypercholesterolemia by Upregulating LDLR and Downregulating PCSK9 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a common cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although allicin and capsaicin possess hypolipidemic effects through several molecular mechanisms, their effects on LDLR and PCSK9 expression are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of allicin and capsaicin on LDLR and PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells. The effects of allicin and capsaicin on cell viability were evaluated by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels and LDL uptake were determined by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of PCSK9, LDLR, SREBP-2, and HNF1α. ELISA was used to measure PCSK9 levels in culture media. Allicin and capsaicin increased the protein expression levels of LDLR via activation of the transcription factor SREBP2. However, allicin and capsaicin decreased the expression of PCSK9 protein and the secretion of PCSK9 in culture media via the suppression of HNF1α. Moreover, allicin and capsaicin increased LDL uptake into HepG2 cells. The efficacies of the hypolipidemic effects of allicin (200 µM) and capsaicin (200 µM) were comparable to that of atorvastatin (10 µM) in this study. In conclusion, allicin and capsaicin possessed hypolipidemic effects via the upregulation of LDLR and downregulation of PCSK9 expression, thereby enhancing LDL uptake into HepG2 cells. This indicates that allicin and capsaicin should be used as potent supplements to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia.
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Sbaffone M, Ruggieri M, Sebastiano M, Mackay AR, Zelli V, Farina AR, Cappabianca LA. Nutraceutical Preventative and Therapeutic Potential in Neuroblastoma: From Pregnancy to Early Childhood. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1762. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly malignant embryonic extracranial solid tumor that arises from sympathoadrenal neuroblasts of neural crest origin. In addition to genetic factors, NB has been linked to maternal exposure to a variety of substances during pregnancy. Recent interest in the potential of nutrients to prevent cancer and reduce malignancy has resulted in the identification of several nutraceuticals including resveratrol, curcumin, and molecular components of garlic, which together with certain vitamins may help to prevent NB development. As NBs arise during fetal development and progress during early childhood, specific NB inhibiting nutraceuticals and vitamins could enhance the preventative influence of maternal nutrition and breast feeding on the development and early progression of NB. In this article, we review NB inhibitory nutraceuticals and vitamins, their mechanisms of action and expound their potential as maternal nutritional supplements to reduce NB development and progression during fetal growth and early childhood, whilst at the same time enhancing maternal, fetal, and infant health.
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Tain YL, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Hsu CN. Perinatal Garlic Oil Supplementation Averts Rat Offspring Hypertension Programmed by Maternal Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4624. [PMID: 36364887 PMCID: PMC9657312 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food, having hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing capacity, which exhibits considerable effects on hypertension and gut microbiota. H2S is strongly associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maternal CKD leads to hypertension in adult rat progeny, which was linked to disruption of the gut microbiota. This study validated the benefits of perinatal garlic oil supplementation against offspring hypertension induced by maternal CKD via modulation of H2S signaling, nitric oxide (NO), and the gut microbiota. Before pregnancy, female rats received a 0.5% adenine diet for 3 weeks to develop an animal model to mimic human CKD. Garlic oil (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered to pregnant rats by oral gavage during gestation and lactation. Perinatal garlic oil supplementation protected against maternal CKD-induced hypertension in offspring at 12 weeks of age. The beneficial effects of garlic oil are associated with enhanced H2S signaling, increased NO bioavailability, and shifts in gut microbiota. Perinatal garlic oil supplementation reduces abundance of genera Variovorax, Nocardia, Sphingomonas, and Rhodococcus. Our findings provide insight into the role of early H2S-targeted intervention as a preventive strategy in hypertension for further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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21
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Qi X, Jha SK, Jha NK, Dewanjee S, Dey A, Deka R, Pritam P, Ramgopal K, Liu W, Hou K. Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:204. [PMID: 36307808 PMCID: PMC9615186 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics of brain tumor cells virtually render them resistant to the majority of conventional and advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key disruptor of normal brain homeostasis and is involved in carcinogenesis of different forms of brain cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced by various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized to inhibit cancer initiation by endorsing DNA repair and suppressing cancer progression by creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects. These effects are referred to as chemopreventive effects mediated by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, antioxidants minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity and prolong survival. Antioxidants also support the prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses and trigger OS by promoting free radical production, which is essential for activating cell death pathways. A growing body of evidence also revealed the roles of exogenous antioxidants as adjuvants and their ability to reverse chemoresistance. In this review, we explain the influences of different exogenous and endogenous antioxidants on brain cancers with reference to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic roles. The role of antioxidants on metabolic reprogramming and their influence on downstream signaling events induced by tumor suppressor gene mutations are critically discussed. Finally, the review hypothesized that both pro- and antioxidant roles are involved in the anticancer mechanisms of the antioxidant molecules by killing neoplastic cells and inhibiting tumor recurrence followed by conventional cancer treatments. The requirements of pro- and antioxidant effects of exogenous antioxidants in brain tumor treatment under different conditions are critically discussed along with the reasons behind the conflicting outcomes in different reports. Finally, we also mention the influencing factors that regulate the pharmacology of the exogenous antioxidants in brain cancer treatment. In conclusion, to achieve consistent clinical outcomes with antioxidant treatments in brain cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies are required with respect to the types, forms, and stages of brain tumors. The concomitant treatment regimens also need adequate consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India. .,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Pingal Pritam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Kritika Ramgopal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaijian Hou
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Pourreza S, Azar PS, Sanaie S, Noshadi N, Jalali S, Niazkar HR, karimi A, Vajdi M. Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-15. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6960211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally the leading cause of hepatic dysfunction. Garlic has many physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetes effects. The present study aimed to systematically review the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and its mechanisms of function in managing NAFLD and its associated complications. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements were applied to perform the study (CRD42021289348). The Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched until February 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, finally, 12 studies were entered into the study. The evidence provided in the study revealed that garlic could regulate the development of NAFLD via several mechanisms of action, such as lowering body weight, modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Overall, the beneficial effects of garlic in the treatment of NAFLD make it a potential therapeutic and efficient agent in managing NAFLD and its related risk factors. There is an insufficient number of clinical trials addressing the effects of garlic in humans; therefore, conducting more human research in the future is recommended.
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Furdak P, Pieńkowska N, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Extracts of Common Vegetables Inhibit the Growth of Ovary Cancer Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162518. [PMID: 36010518 PMCID: PMC9407283 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is recent interest in a diet that can be recommended for patients suffering from cancer. In this respect, the effects were studied of the extracts of several common fruits, herbs and vegetables on the viability of two human ovary cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and PEO1) in vitro. Normal human MRC-5 fibroblasts were used as a control cell line. The extracts of garlic, horseradish and curly kale as well as green and black tea were the most effective in lowering the viability of ovarian cancer cells, while not affecting the viability of MRC-5 fibroblasts. Except for garlic and horseradish, the cytotoxic effects of the extracts correlated with their polyphenol content. The examination of changes in the content of ATP and glutathione, in the level of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial mass did not show a consistent pattern, suggesting that various extracts may act via different mechanisms. Although the extracts’ toxicity to cells in vitro is a first and direct suggestion concerning their possible anticancer effects in vivo, these results point to potential vegetable candidates to become diet components recommended for ovary cancer patients.
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Ma T, Bian M, Lin X, Yang Z, Yang X, Duan J, Zhu N, Liu C, Fang Z, Guo K. Visible light‐promoted intramolecular annulation of 2‐alkynylbiphenyls to synthesize 9‐sulfenylphenanthrenes under metal‐free and additives‐free conditions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Mixue Bian
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhao Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University College of Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Industrial Technology Research Institute Biology and Medicine Department CHINA
| | - Jindian Duan
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chengkou Liu
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheng Fang
- Nanjing Tech University College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Guo
- Nanjing Tech University State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering 30 Puzhu Road South 211800 Nanjing CHINA
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Guha S, Majumder K. Comprehensive Review of γ-Glutamyl Peptides (γ-GPs) and Their Effect on Inflammation Concerning Cardiovascular Health. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:7851-7870. [PMID: 35727887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl peptides (γ-GPs) are a group of peptides naturally found in various food sources. The unique γ-bond potentially enables them to resist gastrointestinal digestion and offers high stability in vivo with a longer half-life. In recent years, these peptides have caught researchers' attention due to their ability to impart kokumi taste and elicit various physiological functions via the allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This review discusses the various food sources of γ-glutamyl peptides, different synthesis modes, allosteric activation of CaSR for taste perception, and associated multiple biological functions they can exhibit, with a special emphasis on their role in modulating chronic inflammation concerning cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Guha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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26
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Tedeschi P, Nigro M, Travagli A, Catani M, Cavazzini A, Merighi S, Gessi S. Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136950. [PMID: 35805955 PMCID: PMC9266652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic, Allium sativum, has long been utilized for a number of medicinal purposes around the world, and its medical benefits have been well documented. The health benefits of garlic likely arise from a wide variety of components, possibly working synergistically. Garlic and garlic extracts, especially aged garlic extracts (AGEs), are rich in bioactive compounds, with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In light of these effects, garlic and its components have been examined in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia without therapy, and a growing health concern in aging societies. With the aim of offering an updated overview, this paper reviews the chemical composition, metabolism and bioavailability of garlic bioactive compounds. In addition, it provides an overview of signaling mechanisms triggered by garlic derivatives, with a focus on allicin and AGE, to improve learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455434
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
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Terán-Figueroa Y, de Loera D, Toxqui-Terán A, Montero-Morán G, Saavedra-Leos MZ. Bromatological Analysis and Characterization of Phenolics in Snow Mountain Garlic. Molecules 2022; 27:3712. [PMID: 35744837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable properties of garlic A. sativum L. have been described, but little is known about Snow mountain garlic. Understanding general aspects of this garlic composition, including the presence of phenolics, will establish its possible use for health or infer which compounds can contribute to improving it. This study aimed to determine the ash content, lipid profile, and characterization of phenolics in Snow mountain garlic. The organic content was obtained by common techniques (oven drying, calcination, Kjeldahl method, etc.). The quantitative analysis of the ashes was made by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry. The fatty acid profile was determined by Gas Chromatography. The presence of phenolics was determined by foam, Libermann–Burchard, Dragendorff, Salkowski, ferric chloride, vanillin, catechin, Constantinescu, and Shinoda reactions. The total phenolic content was determined via the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical method. The bromatological analysis showed a 51.1% humidity, and the main organic compounds were carbohydrates (46.7%). Ash analysis showed 287.46 g/kg of potassium. The fatty acid profile showed 75.61% of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Phenolics like saponins, alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, and flavonoids were present. Antioxidant activity was found by radical DPPH of 25.64 (±0.78) µmol TE/1 g dw. Snow mountain garlic shares a composition similar to those found in other garlic.
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Zhu H, Bierla K, Jin X, Szpunar J, Chen D, Lobinski R. Identification of γ-Glutamyl-Selenomethionine as the Principal Selenium Metabolite in a Selenium-Enriched Probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum, by Two-Dimensional HPLC-ICP MS and HPLC-ESI Orbitrap MS. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6726-6736. [PMID: 35607941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched probiotics are potential sources of organic Se in the human diet, but their application in food is debated because most selenized probiotics and their metabolites are not well-characterized. We analyzed a Se-enriched probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum DD98, to unveil its Se metabolite profiles by two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP MS) and HPLC-electrospray ionization Orbitrap MS. A major Se metabolite was identified as gamma-glutamyl-selenomethionine (γ-Glu-SeMet), which accounted for 42.5 ± 3.4% of water-soluble Se. Most of the remaining Se was present as SeMet (35.2 ± 0.6%) in a free or protein-bound form. In addition, 11 minor Se metabolites were identified, eight of which had not been reported before in probiotics. Six of the identified compounds contained γ-Glu-SeMet as the core structure, constituting a γ-Glu-SeMet family. This study demonstrates the presence of γ-Glu-SeMet in a probiotic, showing a different selenite metabolite pathway from that of Se-enriched yeast, and it offers an alternative and potentially attractive source of organic Se for food and feed supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
- Université de Pau, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, Pau 64053, France
| | - Katarzyna Bierla
- Université de Pau, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, Pau 64053, France
| | - Xueli Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Université de Pau, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, Pau 64053, France
| | - Daijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, Pau 64053, France
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
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Pimsin N, Keawprom C, Areerob Y, Limchoowong N, Sricharoen P, Nuengmatcha P, Oh WC, Chanthai S. Selective Fe(ii)-fluorescence sensor with validated two-consecutive working range using N,S,I-GQDs associated with garlic extract as an auxiliary green chelating agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14356-14367. [PMID: 35702222 PMCID: PMC9097786 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to use the pyrolysis process to synthesize graphene quantum dots doped with garlic extract (as N,S-GQDs) and simultaneously co-doped with iodine (as I-GQDs). XPS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM/EDX, FT-IR, fluorescence, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the N,S,I-GQDs and analyze their morphological images. The quantum yield of N,S,I-GQDs was found to be 45%, greater than that of undoped GQDs (31%). When stimulated at 363 nm, the N,S,I-GQDs display a strong fluorescence intensity at a maximum wavelength of 454 nm. Using N,S,I-GQDs as a fluorescence quenching sensor for screening tests with various metal ions, it was discovered that they are extremely selective towards Fe2+ over Fe3+ and other ions. Thus, solution pH, concentration of N,S,I-GQDs, quantity of garlic extract, EDTA and AgNO3 concentration as masking agents, reaction duration under ultrasonic aid, and tolerable limit of Fe3+ presence in the target analyte were all optimized for Fe2+ detection. A highly sensitive detection of Fe2+ was obtained using a linear curve with y = 141.34x + 5.5855, R 2 = 0.9961, LOD = 0.11 mg L-1, and LOQ = 0.35 mg L-1. The method precision, given as RSDs, was determined to be satisfactory at 1.04% for intra-day analysis and 3.22% for inter-day analysis, respectively. As a result, the selective determination of trace amounts of Fe2+ in real water samples using such labile multi-element doped GQDs in conjunction with garlic extract as a green chelating agent to maintain its enhanced sensitivity was successfully applied with good recoveries ranging from 89.16 to 121.45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Pimsin
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Chayanee Keawprom
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Yonrapach Areerob
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Nunticha Limchoowong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok 10110 Thailand
| | - Phitchan Sricharoen
- Department of Premedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Thawi Watthana Bangkok 10170 Thailand
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Ongkharak Nakhon Nayok 26120 Thailand
| | - Prawit Nuengmatcha
- Creative Innovation in Science and Technology and Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280 Thailand
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University Seosan Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Polito F, Amato G, Caputo L, De Feo V, Fratianni F, Candido V, Nazzaro F. Chemical Composition and Agronomic Traits of Allium sativum and Allium ampeloprasum Leaves and Bulbs and Their Action against Listeria monocytogenes and Other Food Pathogens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070995. [PMID: 35407082 PMCID: PMC8997483 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to study the chemical composition of the essential oils from bulbs and leaves of two cultivars of Allium sativum L. and two of A. ampeloprasum L. var. holmense. Moreover, we investigated their activity against four common bacterial strains responsible for food contamination (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus) by formation of biofilms. The susceptibility of bacterial biofilms was evaluated by crystal violet assay, whereas the metabolic changes occurring in the bacterial cells were ascertained through the MTT test. The essential oils were characterized by the presence of most characteristic components, although with different composition between the species and the cultivars. The essential oils inhibited the capacity of the pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms (up to 79.85 against L. monocytogenes) and/or acted on their cell metabolism (with inhibition of 68.57% and 68.89% against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, respectively). The capacity of the essential oils to act against these foodborne bacteria could suggests further ideas for industrial applications and confirms the versatility of these essential oils as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (F.P.); (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (G.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (F.P.); (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (F.P.); (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (G.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (G.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Candido
- Department of European and Mediterranean Culture, University of Basilicata, Via San Biagio, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (G.A.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0825-299-102
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Alrumaihi F, Khan MA, Babiker AY, Alsaweed M, Azam F, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi AA, Ahamad SR, Alsugoor MH, Alharbi KN, Almansour NM, Khan A. Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Formulation of Diallyl Trisulfide Chemosensitizes the Growth Inhibitory Activity of Doxorubicin in Colorectal Cancer Model: A Novel In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072192. [PMID: 35408590 PMCID: PMC9000458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic’s main bioactive organosulfur component, diallyl trisulfide (DATS), has been widely investigated in cancer models. However, DATS is not suitable for clinical use due to its low solubility. The current study seeks to improve DATS bioavailability and assess its chemopreventive and chemosensitizing properties in an AOM-induced colorectal cancer model. The polyethylene glycol coated Distearoylphosphatidylcholine/Cholesterol (DSPC/Chol) comprising DATS-loaded DATSL and doxorubicin (DOXO)-encapsulated DOXL liposomes was prepared and characterized. The changes in the sensitivity of DATS and DOXO by DATSL and DOXL were evaluated in RKO and HT-29 colon cancer cells. The synergistic effect of DATSL and DOXL was studied by cell proliferation assay in the combinations of IC10, IC25, and IC35 of DATSL with the IC10 of DOXL. AOM, DATSL, and DOXL were administered to different groups of mice for a period of 21 weeks. The data exhibited ~93% and ~46% entrapment efficiency of DATSL and DOXL, respectively. The size of sham liposomes was 110.5 nm, whereas DATSL and DOXL were 135.5 nm and 169 nm, respectively. DATSL and DOXL exhibited significant sensitivity in the cell proliferation experiment, lowering their IC50 doses by more than 8- and 14-fold, respectively. However, the DATSL IC10, IC25, and IC35 showed escalating chemosensitivity, and treated the cells in combination with DOXL IC10. Analysis of histopathological, cancer marker enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes revealed that the high dose of DATSL pretreatment and DOXL chemotherapy is highly effective in inhibiting AOM-induced colon cancer promotion. The combination of DATSL and DOXL indicated promise as a colorectal cancer treatment in this study. Intermolecular interactions of DATS and DOXO against numerous cancer targets by molecular docking indicated MMP-9 as the most favourable target for DATS exhibiting binding energy of −4.6 kcal/mol. So far, this is the first research to demonstrate the chemopreventive as well as chemosensitizing potential of DATSL in an animal model of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Ahmad A. Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khloud Nawaf Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-590038460; Fax: +966-63801628
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Xu S, Liao Y, Wang Q, Liu L, Yang W. Current studies and potential future research directions on biological effects and related mechanisms of allicin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7722-7748. [PMID: 35293826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2049691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allicin, a thiosulfonate extract from freshly minced garlic, has been reported to have various biological effects on different organs and systems of animals and human. It can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory response, resist pathogen infection and regulate intestinal flora. In addition, dozens of studies also demonstrated allicin could reduce blood glucose level, protect cardiovascular system and nervous system, and fight against cancers. Allicin was widely used in disease prevention and health care. However, more investigations on human cohort study are needed to verify the biological or clinical effects of allicin in the future. In this review, we summarized the biological effects of allicin from previous outstanding and valuable studies and provided useful information for future studies on the health effects of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Alrumaihi F, Khan MA, Babiker AY, Alsaweed M, Azam F, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi AA, Ahamad SR, Alsuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Algefary AN, Khan A. The Effect of Liposomal Diallyl Disulfide and Oxaliplatin on Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:236. [PMID: 35213970 PMCID: PMC8877238 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is one of the main bioactive organosulfur compounds of garlic, and its potential against various cancer models has been demonstrated. The poor solubility of DADS in aqueous solutions limits its uses in clinical application. The present study aimed to develop a novel formulation of DADS to increase its bioavailability and therapeutic potential and evaluate its role in combination with oxaliplatin (OXA) in the colorectal cancer system. We prepared and characterized PEGylated, DADS (DCPDD), and OXA (DCPDO) liposomes. The anticancer potential of these formulations was then evaluated in HCT116 and RKO colon cancer cells by different cellular assays. Further, a molecular docking-based computational analysis was conducted to determine the probable binding interactions of DADS and OXA. The results revealed the size of the DCPDD and DCPDO to be 114.46 nm (95% EE) and 149.45 nm (54% EE), respectively. They increased the sensitivity of the cells and reduced the IC50 several folds, while the combinations of them showed a synergistic effect and induced apoptosis by 55% in the cells. The molecular docking data projected several possible targets of DADS and OXA that could be evaluated more precisely by these novel formulations in detail. This study will direct the usage of DCPDD to augment the therapeutic potential of DCPDO against colon cancer in clinical settings.
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Elmahallawy EK, Fehaid A, EL-shewehy DMM, Ramez AM, Alkhaldi AAM, Mady R, Nasr NE, Arafat N, Hassanen EAA, Alsharif KF, Abdo W. S-Methylcysteine Ameliorates the Intestinal Damage Induced by Eimeria tenella Infection via Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Modulators. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:754991. [PMID: 35071376 PMCID: PMC8767015 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.754991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the poultry industry. The infection is caused by Eimeria species, and its treatment relies mainly on the administration of anticoccidial drugs, which can result in drug resistance and side effects. The recent trends in avian coccidiosis treatment is directed to the development of a new therapy using herbal compounds. S-Methylcysteine (SMC) is considered one of the organosulfur compounds in garlic that showed promising activity in the treatment of different pathological conditions via a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In this study, the anticoccidial activity of SMC was investigated in Eimeria tenella-infected chickens compared to diclazuril as a widely used anticoccidial drug. In this regard, 14-day-old broilers were divided into six groups (n = 18). The first group (G1) was the healthy control group, while the second group (G2) was the non-infected SMC group treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Moreover, the third group (G3) was the positive control group (infected and non-treated). The fourth group (G4) was the infected group treated with SMC of 25 mg/kg b.w. (low dose), while the fifth group (G5) was the infected group treated with SMC of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Conversely, the sixth group (G6) was the diclazuril-treated group. The anticoccidial effects of SMC and diclazuril were evaluated by counting oocysts and recording the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, clinical signs, lesions, and mortality rate. Interestingly, SMC showed potent anticoccidial activity, which was exemplified by reduction of oocyst count. Furthermore, the biochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory parameters in the cecal tissues were restored toward their control levels in G4, G5, and G6. Histopathological observation of cecal tissues was consistent with the aforementioned results revealing the ameliorative effect of SMC against E. tenella infection. This study concluded novel findings in relation to the anticoccidial role of SMC as a plant-based compound against the E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens combined with its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies for exploring the mechanistic pathways involved in this activity and the potential benefits from its use in association with conventional anticoccidial drugs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alaa Fehaid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Amany M. Ramez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab Mady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nasr Elsayed Nasr
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman A. A. Hassanen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Xiao M, Peng Z, Hardie WJ, Huang T, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xie M, Xiong T. Exploring the typical flavours formation by combined with metatranscriptomics and metabolomics during Chinese Sichuan paocai fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Devan AR, Nair B, Kumar AR, Gorantla JN, T S A, Nath LR. Unravelling the Immune Modulatory Effect of Indian Spices to Impede the Transmission of COVID-19: A Promising Approach. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:201-220. [PMID: 33593256 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210216144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Months after WHO declared COVID-19 as a Global Public Health Emergency of International Concern, it does not seem to be flattening the curve as we are still devoid of an effective treatment modality and vaccination is in the first phase in many countries. Amid such uncertainty, being immune is the best strategy to defend against corona attacks. As the whole world is referring back to immune-boosting traditional remedies, interest is rekindled in the Indian system of Medicine, which is gifted with an abundance of herbal medicines as well as remedies. Among them, spices (root, rhizome, seed, fruit, leaf, bud, and flower of various plants used to add taste and flavors to food) are bestowed with immense medicinal potential. A plethora of clinical as well as preclinical studies reported the effectiveness of various spices for various ailments. The potential immune-boosting properties together with their excellent safety profiles are making spices the current choice of phytoresearch as well as the immune-boosting home remedies during these sceptical times. The present review critically evaluates the immune impact of various Indian spices and their potential to tackle the novel coronavirus, with comments on the safety and toxicity aspects of spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Jaggaiah N Gorantla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, Michigan, USA
| | - Aishwarya T S
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
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Gambari L, Grigolo B, Grassi F. Dietary organosulfur compounds: Emerging players in the regulation of bone homeostasis by plant-derived molecules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937956. [PMID: 36187121 PMCID: PMC9521401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture are hallmarks of the bone aging. The resulting increase in bone fragility is the leading cause of bone fractures, a major cause of disability. As the frontline pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis suffer from low patients' adherence and occasional side effects, the importance of diet regimens for the prevention of excessive bone fragility has been increasingly recognized. Indeed, certain diet components have been already associated to a reduced fracture risk. Organosulfur compounds are a broad class of molecules containing sulfur. Among them, several molecules of potential therapeutic interest are found in edible plants belonging to the Allium and Brassica botanical genera. Polysulfides derived from Alliaceae and isothiocyanates derived from Brassicaceae hold remarkable nutraceutical potential as anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vasorelaxant and hypolipemic. Some of these effects are linked to the ability to release the gasotrasmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Recent preclinical studies have investigated the effect of organosulfur compounds in bone wasting and metabolic bone diseases, revealing a strong potential to preserve skeletal health by exerting cytoprotection and stimulating the bone forming activity by osteoblasts and attenuating bone resorption by osteoclasts. This review is intended for revising evidence from preclinical and epidemiological studies on the skeletal effects of organosulfur molecules of dietary origin, with emphasis on the direct regulation of bone cells by plant-derived polysulfides, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Moreover, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the biological role of these compounds and revise the importance of the so-called 'H2S-system' on the regulation of bone homeostasis.
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Tanabe Y, Fujii N, Suzuki K. Dietary Supplementation for Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Humans. Nutrients 2022; 14:70. [PMID: 35010943 PMCID: PMC8746365 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
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Sasi M, Kumar S, Kumar M, Thapa S, Prajapati U, Tak Y, Changan S, Saurabh V, Kumari S, Kumar A, Hasan M, Chandran D, Radha, Bangar SP, Dhumal S, Senapathy M, Thiyagarajan A, Alhariri A, Dey A, Singh S, Prakash S, Pandiselvam R, Mekhemar M. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1847. [PMID: 34829718 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases.
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Hassan FU, Nadeem A, Li Z, Javed M, Liu Q, Azhar J, Rehman MS, Cui K, Rehman SU. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Energy Homeostasis of Dairy Animals: Exploiting Their Modulation through Nutrigenomic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12463. [PMID: 34830341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the nuclear receptors that could mediate the nutrient-dependent transcriptional activation and regulate metabolic networks through energy homeostasis. However, these receptors cannot work properly under metabolic stress. PPARs and their subtypes can be modulated by nutrigenomic interventions, particularly under stress conditions to restore cellular homeostasis. Many nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, dietary amino acids and phytochemicals have shown their ability for potential activation or inhibition of PPARs. Thus, through different mechanisms, all these nutrients can modulate PPARs and are ultimately helpful to prevent various metabolic disorders, particularly in transition dairy cows. This review aims to provide insights into the crucial role of PPARs in energy metabolism and their potential modulation through nutrigenomic interventions to improve energy homeostasis in dairy animals.
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Najman K, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M. The Influence of Plants from the Alliaceae Family on Morphological Parameters of the Intestine in Atherogenic Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:3876. [PMID: 34836133 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulbs from the Alliaceae family have been well-known and valued spices for thousands of years, not only for their unique flavor and aroma features, but also for their high nutritional and health-promoting values. Long-term or excessive consumption of these vegetables, especially raw garlic, can have side effects in the body (including in the digestive tract), causing a number of pathological changes in the intestinal wall; these changes lead, in turn, to its damage, dysfunction, and disorder development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of freeze-dried vegetables from the Alliaceae family, i.e., garlic (Allium sativum L.), white onion, and red onion (Allium cepa L.) on the morphometric parameters (intestinal villi length, crypt depth, thickness of tunica mucosa, and the thickness of tunica muscle) of the jejunum of rats fed a semi-synthetic atherogenic diet (1% dietary cholesterol). In freeze-dried vegetables administered to rats, the contents of selected bioactive ingredients and their antioxidant potentials were determined. The effect of the onion vegetable supplements on growth parameters, serum lipid profile, plasma antioxidant potential, and the intestinal morphological parameters of rats loaded with cholesterol was determined. In an animal experiment, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 diet groups, diet consumption and FER were studied. Supplementation of the atherogenic diet with vegetables improved the blood plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices, in a manner that was dependent on the type of supplementation used, with the best hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects found in garlic use. The atherogenic diet, as well as the supplementation of this diet with the tested vegetables from the Alliaceae family, influenced the histological changes in the epithelium of the jejunum of rats. The damage to the intestinal mucosa was the greatest in animals fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with garlic. Bearing in mind that the desired beneficial therapeutic or prophylactic effects of onion vegetables (in particular garlic) in the course of various metabolic ailments (including atherosclerosis) are achieved during long-term supplementation, it is important to remember their possible cytotoxic effects (e.g., on the digestive tract) in order to achieve real benefits related to the supplementation with vegetables from the Alliaceae family.
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Lin KH, Wei YM, Liu CH, Liu JS, Huang IC, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses High-Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Activation. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:11696-11708. [PMID: 34558885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that 80% of diabetic patients die due to cardiovascular diseases. We previously demonstrated that activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α)/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) signaling by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD) is involved in high-glucose (HG)-induced cardiac apoptosis. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic component, shows the strongest inhibitory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated whether HIF-1α/IGFBP-3 signaling governs the antiapoptotic effect by DATS on HG-exposed cardiomyocytes. It was observed that significantly increased levels of cell apoptosis and decreased Akt phosphorylation were reversed by DATS in HG-exposed cardiac cells. H2O2 and PHD small interfering RNA treatments increased HIF-1α and IGFBP-3 protein levels, which were decreased by DATS treatment. Overexpression of HIF-1α and IGFBP-3 increased HG-induced cell apoptosis, which was suppressed by DATS. The coimmunoprecipitation assay results showed that DATS not only increased the IGF-1 level and reduced IGFBP-3 level but also suppressed their extracellular association for cardiac cells exposed to HG. Experiments using neonatal cardiomyocytes and hearts showed similar results. These findings indicate that the effect of ROS-regulated PHD on the activation of HIF-1α/IGFBP-3 signaling governs the antiapoptotic effect by DATS on HG-exposed cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ho Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Wei
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- China Medical University, Thoracic Department, Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
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Lin KH, Ng SC, Paul CR, Chen HC, Zeng RY, Liu JS, Padma VV, Huang CY, Kuo WW. MicroRNA-210 repression facilitates advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via JNK activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1873-1885. [PMID: 34545968 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia results in the formation of reactive oxygen species which in turn causes advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study showed that AGE-induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis is mediated via protein kinase C delta (PKCδ)-enhanced mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. By using microRNA (miRNA) database, miRNA-210 was predicted to target c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which were previously identified as downstream of PKCδ in regulating mitochondrial function. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-210 mediates PKCδ-dependent upregulation of JNK to cause cardiac mitochondrial damage and apoptosis following AGE exposure. AGE-exposed cells showed activated cardiac JNK, PKCδ, and apoptosis, which were reversed by treatment with a JNK inhibitor and PKCδ-KD (deficient kinase). Cardiac miR-210 and mitochondrial function were downregulated following AGE exposure. Furthermore, JNK was upregulated and involved in AGE-induced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, luciferase activity of the miR-210 mimic plus JNK WT-3'-untranslated region overexpressed group was significantly lower than that of miR-210 mimic plus JNK MT-3'UTR group, indicating that JNK is a target of miR-210. Moreover, JNK activation induced by AGEs was reduced by treatment with the miR-210 mimic and reversed by treatment with the miR-210 inhibitor, indicating the regulatory function of miR-210 in JNK activation following AGE exposure. Additionally, JNK-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis were reversed following treatment with the miR-210 mimic, while the miR-210 inhibitor showed no effect on JNK-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in AGE-exposed cardiac cells. Taken together, our study showed that PKCδ-enhanced JNK-dependent mitochondrial damage is mediated through the reduction of miR-210 in cardiomyocytes following AGE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ho Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Chuan Ng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Catherine R Paul
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-You Zeng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Thoracic, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Viswanadha V Padma
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Darling-Reed SF, Nkrumah-Elie Y, Ferguson DT, Flores-Rozas H, Mendonca P, Messeha S, Hudson A, Badisa RB, Tilghman SL, Womble T, Day A, Jett M, Hammamieh R, Soliman KFA. Diallyl Sulfide Attenuation of Carcinogenesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells through the Inhibition of ROS Formation, and DNA Strand Breaks. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1313. [PMID: 34572526 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic has long been used medicinally for many diseases, including cancer. One of the active garlic components is diallyl sulfide (DAS), which prevents carcinogenesis and reduces the incidence rate of several cancers. In this study, non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were used as a model to investigate the effect of DAS on Benzo (a)pyrene (BaP)-induced cellular carcinogenesis. The cells were evaluated based on changes in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, the formation of peroxides, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, the generation of DNA strand breaks, and DNA Polymerase β (Pol β) expression. The results obtained indicate that when co-treated with BaP, DAS inhibited BaP-induced cell proliferation (p < 0.05) to levels similar to the negative control. BaP treatment results in a two-fold increase in the accumulation of cells in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, which is restored to baseline levels, similar to untreated cells and vehicle-treated cells, when pretreated with 6 μM and 60 μM DAS, respectively. Co-treatment with DAS (60 μM and 600 μM) inhibited BaP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by 132% and 133%, respectively, as determined by the accumulation of H2O2 in the extracellular medium and an increase in 8-OHdG levels of treated cells. All DAS concentrations inhibited BaP-induced DNA strand breaks through co-treatment and pre-treatment methods at all time points evaluated. Co-Treatment with 60 μM DAS increased DNA Pol β expression in response to BaP-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. These results indicate that DAS effectively inhibited BaP-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle transitions, ROS, and DNA damage in an MCF-10A cell line. These results provide more experimental evidence for garlic's antitumor abilities and corroborate many epidemiological studies regarding the association between the increased intake of garlic and the reduced risk of several types of cancer.
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Soleimani D, Parisa Moosavian S, Zolfaghari H, Paknahad Z. Effect of garlic powder supplementation on blood pressure and hs-C-reactive protein among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3556-3562. [PMID: 34262716 PMCID: PMC8269577 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive properties of garlic, the current study was designed to evaluate the garlic powder effects on blood pressure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients (NAFLD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was conducted on 110 patients with NAFLD. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, receiving two tablets of either 400 mg garlic or placebo daily for 15 weeks. At baseline and the end of the study, blood pressure and hs-CRP were determined. Of 110 patients enrolled in the trial, 98 subjects were included in the final analysis. After the intervention, systolic blood pressures (SBP) (mean: -7.89; 95%CI:‒11.39 to -4.39 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean: -5.38; 95%CI: -7.77 to -3 mm Hg), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (mean: -6:95%CI: -8.4 to -3.6 mm Hg) decreased significantly in the garlic group as compared to the placebo group. Also, the percentage of reduced hs-CRP was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (mean: -16.1; 95%CI: -32.7 to -0.53; p = .035). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the percentage change in hs-CRP and percentage changes in SBP (r = 0.221; p = .029), DBP (r = 0.166; p = .012), and MAP (r = 0.210; p = .038). Garlic supplementation can be a safe and potentially adjunct treatment to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disorders in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Soleimani
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentSchool of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Hamid Zolfaghari
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Borgas P, Gonzalez G, Veselkov K, Mirnezami R. Phytochemically rich dietary components and the risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:482-499. [PMID: 34189071 PMCID: PMC8223713 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized nutrition and protective diets and lifestyles represent a key cancer research priority. The association between consumption of specific dietary components and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been evaluated by a number of population-based studies, which have identified certain food items as having protective potential, though the findings have been inconsistent. Herein we present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the potential protective role of five common phytochemically rich dietary components (nuts, cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, garlic and tomatoes) in reducing CRC risk.
AIM To investigate the independent impact of increased intake of specific dietary constituents on CRC risk in the general population.
METHODS Medline and Embase were systematically searched, from time of database inception to January 31, 2020, for observational studies reporting CRC incidence relative to intake of one or more of nuts, cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, garlic and/or tomatoes in the general population. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and analyzed in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) reporting guidelines and according to predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Effect sizes of studies were pooled using a random-effects model.
RESULTS Forty-six studies were identified. CRC risk was significantly reduced in patients with higher vs lower consumption of cruciferous vegetables [odds ratio (OR) = 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-0.95; P < 0.005], citrus fruits (OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.96; P < 0.005), garlic (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.76-0.91; P < 0.005) and tomatoes (OR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.84-0.95; P < 0.005). Subgroup analysis showed that this association sustained when looking at case-control studies alone, for all of these four food items, but no significant difference was found in analysis of cohort studies alone. Nut consumption exhibited a similar trend, but overall results were not significant (OR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.50-1.03; P < 0.07; I2 = 90.70%). Putative anticarcinogenic mechanisms are proposed using gene-set enrichment analysis of gene/protein perturbations caused by active compounds within each food item.
CONCLUSION Increased cruciferous vegetable, garlic, citrus fruit and tomato consumption are all inversely associated with CRC risk. These findings highlight the potential for developing precision nutrition strategies for CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Borgas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Guadalupe Gonzalez
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Mirnezami
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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Deka B, Barge SR, Bharadwaj S, Kashyap B, Manna P, Borah JC, Talukdar NC. Beneficial effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Allium hookeri on stimulating glutathione biosynthesis and preventing impaired glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108961. [PMID: 34118216 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from the depletion of glutathione (GSH) level plays a vital role in generating various degenerative diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the hypothesis that depleted glutathione levels can be enhanced and the impaired glucose metabolism can be prevented by supplementing Allium hookeri, a herb rich in organosulfur compounds, in a High Fat (HF) diet-induced T2D Male Sprague Dawley rat model. The experimental rats were divided into three groups (n = 6), namely normal diet, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet treated with A.hookeri methanolic leaf extract (250 mg/kg). Consumption of HF diet along with the plant extract resulted in significant reduction of the body weight (7.08%-14.89%) and blood glucose level (6.5%-16.4%) from the 13th week onward. There was a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and an increase in GSH level in skeletal muscle tissues supplemented with the plant extract. The protein expressions of the signaling molecules such as GCLC and GR involved in GSH synthesis and of GLUT4 in glucose transport were also upregulated in the skeletal muscle tissues of the plant extract-treated group. Results of in vitro studies with muscle cell line (L6) further demonstrated the beneficial effect of the plant extract in increasing glucose uptake and maintaining the GSH/GSSH equilibrium via regulation of protein expression of GCLC/GR/GLUT4 signaling molecules in sodium palmitate (0.75 mM) treated cells. Overall this study suggests that dietary supplementation with Allium hookeri, can restore the glutathione level and regulate the blood glucose level in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Deka
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Sagar Ramrao Barge
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Bhaswati Kashyap
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Science and Technology Division, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Chemical Biology Lab 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 35, India; Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Assam, 781068, India.
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Hsu CN, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Maternal Garlic Oil Supplementation Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertension in Adult Rat Offspring: Implications of H2S-Generating Pathway in the Gut and Kidneys. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001116. [PMID: 33547712 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Perinatal high-fat (HF) diet induces hypertension in adult offspring. Garlic, a naturally dietary source of Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) donor, has been shown benefits in hypertension. The article examines whether maternal garlic oil supplementation can prevent hypertension induced by HF diet and elucidate its protective effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats are given either a normal diet or HF diet. Rat dams are given garlic oil or vehicle daily by oral gavage at 100 mg kg-1 day-1 during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring are sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Garlic oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation protected against hypertension induced by HF diet in adult male offspring. The beneficial effects of garlic oil are associated with increased renal mRNA expression and activity of H2 S-generating enzymes, increased NO bioavailability, increased plasma short chain fatty acid levels, and alterations of gut microbiota composition. Garlic oil supplementation increases abundance of genus Lactobacillus, but decreases genera Turicibacter and Staphylococcus. CONCLUSION The data reveals associations between H2 S-generating pathway in the gut and kidneys, NO system, gut microbiota, and microbiota-derived metabolites in hypertension induced by HF intake and provide insight to garlic oil as a hypertension reprogramming strategy for further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Molaei E, Molaei A, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3362-3384. [PMID: 34136201 PMCID: PMC8194945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage-induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant-detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer-reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney-damaging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Molaei
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Jung CA, Torgerson PP, Bolt R, Grimm F, Schädler J, Albini S, Liesegang A. Alternatives to robenidine to control gastrointestinal disorders of weaner rabbits in the field. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100179. [PMID: 34141949 PMCID: PMC8188055 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality rates and oocyst excretion are found in weaner rabbits. Gastrointestinal disorders have multifactorial origin. Coccidiostats are commonly used in most rabbitries. Improve understanding of the use of alternatives to robenidine in the form of natural supplements.
Gastrointestinal disorders due to Eimeria sp. and E. coli overgrowth cause high mortality in weaner rabbits and the interest in alternatives to coccidiostats is high. This study aimed to investigate the superiority of natural feed additives towards robenidine preserving gastrointestinal health in the field. Rabbits were divided into four groups, Control Group (CG) exclusively supplemented with robenidine, Sainfoin Group (SG) was supplemented with a combination of robenidine and sainfoin, and two additional groups were respectively supplemented with Herb-All COCC-X (garlic; conessi tree) (HG: Herbal Group) and by a combination of Herb-All COCC-X and Klinofeed (clinoptilolite) (MG: Mineral Group). Eimeria sp. (98,40%) and E. coli overgrowth (73.60%) could be confirmed as the main causes for losses. High mortality rates (SG: 30.00% - MG: 47.50%), also in the groups receiving robenidine (SG: 30.00%; CG: 45.00%), reinforced the importance of alternatives in the field. The natural additives of groups SG, HG and MG did not have a significant influence on the weight gains and the oocyst counts in the jejunum/ileum and caecum of slaughter rabbits at the end of the trial, compared to group CG. Significantly higher oocyst shedding in SG (p = 1.4E-03) and HG (p = 1.4E-05) during the trial may be explained by a higher surviving rate of diseased rabbits in those groups, fostered by beneficial effects of the additives, which should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Jung
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul P Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Bolt
- Department for livestock husbandry, Strickhof, Eschikon 21, 8315 Lindau, Strickhof, Switzerland
| | - Felix Grimm
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schädler
- National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Albini
- National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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