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Roa-Colomo A, López Garrido MÁ, Molina-Vallejo P, Rojas A, Sanchez MG, Aranda-García V, Salmeron J, Romero-Gomez M, Muntane J, Padillo J, Alamo JM, Lorente JA, Serrano MJ, Garrido-Navas MC. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk-stratification based on ASGR1 in circulating epithelial cells for cancer interception. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1074277. [PMID: 36518850 PMCID: PMC9742249 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1074277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lack of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma impedes stratifying patients based on their risk of developing cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of circulating epithelial cells (CECs) based on asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) and miR-122-5p expression as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC). Methods: Peripheral blood samples were extracted from LC and HCC patients at different disease stages. CECs were isolated using positive immunomagnetic selection. Genetic and phenotypic characterization was validated by double immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin (CK) and ASGR1 or by in situ hybridization with miR-122-5p and CECs were visualized by confocal microscopy. Results: The presence of CECs increased HCC risk by 2.58-fold, however, this was only significant for patients with previous LC (p = 0.028) and not for those without prior LC (p = 0.23). Furthermore, the number of CECs lacking ASGR1 expression correlated significantly with HCC incidence and absence of miR-122-5p expression (p = 0.014; r = 0.23). Finally, overall survival was significantly greater for patients at earlier cancer stages (p = 0.018), but this difference was only maintained in the group with the presence of CECs (p = 0.021) whereas progression-free survival was influenced by the absence of ASGR1 expression. Conclusion: Identification and characterization of CECs by ASGR1 and/or miR-122-5p expression may be used as a risk-stratification tool in LC patients, as it was shown to be an independent prognostic and risk-stratification marker in LC and early disease stage HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Roa-Colomo
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health Doctoral Program, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Molina-Vallejo
- Genyo-Centro Pfizer-Universidad De Granada-Junta De Andalucía De Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
| | - Angela Rojas
- Seliver Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/ Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad De Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes González Sanchez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Virgen De Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Violeta Aranda-García
- Statistician at Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria Andalucía Oriental Alejandro Otero (FIBAO), Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Seliver Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/ Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad De Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Padillo
- General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose María Alamo
- General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lorente
- Genyo-Centro Pfizer-Universidad De Granada-Junta De Andalucía De Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
- Legal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Serrano
- Genyo-Centro Pfizer-Universidad De Granada-Junta De Andalucía De Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
- Comprehensive Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Garrido-Navas
- Genyo-Centro Pfizer-Universidad De Granada-Junta De Andalucía De Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
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Adinew GM, Messeha S, Taka E, Soliman KFA. The Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of the Chemoresistance Gene BIRC5 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215180. [PMID: 36358602 PMCID: PMC9659000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance affects TNBC patient treatment responses. Therefore, identifying the chemoresistant gene provides a new approach to understanding chemoresistance in TNBC. BIRC5 was examined in the current study as a tool for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients and assisting in developing alternative therapies using online database tools. According to the examined studies, BIRC5 was highly expressed in 45 to 90% of TNBC patients. BIRC5 is not only abundantly expressed but also contributes to resistance to chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and radiotherapy. Patients with increased expression of BIRC5 had a median survival of 31.2 months compared to 85.8 months in low-expression counterparts (HR, 1.73; CI, 1.4−2.13; p = 2.5 × 10−7). The overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and the complete pathological response of TNBC patients with high expression of BIRC5 who received any chemotherapy (Taxane, Ixabepilone, FAC, CMF, FEC, Anthracycline) and anti-HER2 therapy (Trastuzumab, Lapatinib) did not differ significantly from those patients receiving any other treatment. Data obtained indicate that the BIRC5 promoter region was substantially methylated, and hypermethylation was associated with higher BIRC5 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). The findings of this study outline the role of BIRC5 in chemotherapy-induced resistance of TNBC, further indicating that BIRC5 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker that contributes to chemoresistance and could be a possible therapeutic target. Meanwhile, several in vitro studies show that flavonoids were highly effective in inhibiting BIRC5 in genetically diverse TNBC cells. Therefore, flavonoids would be a promising strategy for preventing and treating TNBC patients with the BIRC5 molecule.
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Hefni AM, Sayed AM, Hussien MT, Abdalla AZ, Gabr AG. CD133 is an independent predictive and prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:207-215. [PMID: 36120770 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is considered the most common cell surface marker to identify cancer stem cells in hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of immunohistochemical expression of CD133 on response rate and survival in metastatic breast cancer, as well as to correlate it with various demographics and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS One-hundred metastatic breast cancer patients were prospectively recruited at the Medical Oncology Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation between CD133 positive patients with various adverse clinicopathological parameters such as high grade (p= 0.013), higher tumor (p= 0.001), and nodal staging (p= 0.024) during a median follow-up time of 17 months. In addition, Cases with CD133 positive expression had a significantly lower survival time than those with negative expression (3-years OS 37.4% versus 85.5%, p= 0.024). Regarding the response rate, CD133 positive patients had a lower response rate than negative patients (50% versus 54%, p= 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Positive CD133 is correlated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mubarak Hefni
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayat Mohammed Sayed
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa T Hussien
- Oncologic Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Gomaa Gabr
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chang PH, Lee CH, Wu TMH, Yeh KY, Wang HM, Huang WK, Chan SC, Chou WC, Kuan FC, Kuo HC, Kuo YC, Hu CC, Hsieh JCH. Association of early changes of circulating cancer stem-like cells with survival among patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221110182. [PMID: 35860832 PMCID: PMC9290096 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cancer stem-like cells (cCSCs) before and after one cycle of chemotherapy and assessed the effects of early changes in CTCs and cCSCs on the outcomes of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Patients with stage IV invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who received first-line chemotherapy between April 2014 and January 2016 were enrolled. CTCs and cCSCs were measured before the first cycle of chemotherapy (baseline) and on day 21, before the second cycle of chemotherapy commenced; a negative selection strategy and flow cytometry protocol were employed. Results: CTC and cCSC counts declined in 68.8 and 45.5% of patients, respectively. Declines in CTCs and cCSCs following the first chemotherapy cycle were associated with superior chemotherapy responses, longer progression-free survival (PFS), and longer overall survival (OS). An early decline in cCSCs remained an independent prognostic indicator for OS and PFS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: A cCSC decline after one cycle of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer is predictive of a superior chemotherapy response and longer PFS and OS, implying that cCSC dynamic monitoring may be helpful in early prediction of treatment response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hung Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung City
| | - Chun-Hui Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Tyler Min-Hsien Wu
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung City
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Wen-Kuan Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Sheng-Chieh Chan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien City
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Puzi City
| | - Hsuan-Chih Kuo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Yung-Chia Kuo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung City
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City 333
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Taromi S, Firat E, Simonis A, Braun LM, Apostolova P, Elze M, Passlick B, Schumacher A, Lagies S, Frey A, Schmitt-Graeff A, Burger M, Schmittlutz K, Follo M, von Elverfeldt D, Zhu X, Kammerer B, Diederichs S, Duyster J, Manz MG, Niedermann G, Zeiser R. Enhanced AC133-specific CAR T cell therapy induces durable remissions in mice with metastatic small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215697. [PMID: 35487310 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is not curable. While SCLC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy, remissions are short-lived. The relapse is induced by chemotherapy-selected tumor stem cells, which express the AC133 epitope of the CD133 stem cell marker. We studied the effectiveness of AC133-specific CAR T cells post-chemotherapy using human primary SCLC and an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. AC133-specific CAR T cells migrated to SCLC tumor lesions, reduced the tumor burden, and prolonged survival in a humanized orthotopic SCLC model, but were not able to entirely eliminate tumors. We identified CD73 and PD-L1 as immune-escape mechanisms and combined PD-1-inhibition and CD73-inhibition with CAR T cell treatment. This triple-immunotherapy induced cures in 25% of the mice, without signs of graft-versus-host disease or bone marrow failure. AC133+ cancer stem cells and PD-L1+CD73+ myeloid cells were detectable in primary human SCLC tissues, suggesting that patients may benefit from the triple-immunotherapy. We conclude that the combination of AC133-specific CAR T cells, anti-PD-1-antibody and CD73-inhibitor specifically eliminates chemo-resistant tumor stem cells, overcomes SCLC-mediated T cell inhibition, and might induce long-term complete remission in an otherwise incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Taromi
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; University Furtwangen, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Campus VS-Schwenningen, Germany.
| | - Elke Firat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Simonis
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology and Oncology, Zurich University and University Hospital Medical Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Elze
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernward Passlick
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Schumacher
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- Department of Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU) Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Department of Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU) Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; University Furtwangen, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Campus VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schmittlutz
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Medical Physics, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU) Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xuekai Zhu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology and Oncology, Zurich University and University Hospital Medical Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Ruiz-Rodríguez AJ, Molina-Vallejo MP, Aznar-Peralta I, González Puga C, Cañas García I, González E, Lorente JA, Serrano MJ, Garrido-Navas MC. Deep Phenotypic Characterisation of CTCs by Combination of Microfluidic Isolation (IsoFlux) and Imaging Flow Cytometry (ImageStream). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246386. [PMID: 34945008 PMCID: PMC8699219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cells that escape the primary tumour and have the potential ability to colonise distant organs through metastasis are called circulating tumour cells (CTCs). The study of CTCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has demonstrated their prognostic utility, although current methodologies only allow the evaluation of CTC numbers and a maximum of two markers. Here, we developed a novel protocol for the isolation and characterisation of CTCs by combining two existing technologies. This new methodology allows the simultaneous evaluation of multiple markers and parameters. In particular, we evaluated the expression of a mutant protein (BRAFV600E) associated with poor response to therapies against EGFR and the expression of PD-L1, a marker for immunotherapy. Based on these markers, we evaluated the CTCs (positive for cytokeratin) of 16 early CRC patients and demonstrated the suitability of our protocol to classify patients into potential responders and non-responders. Abstract The isolation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) mostly relies on the expression of epithelial markers such as EpCAM, and phenotypic characterisation is usually performed under fluorescence microscopy with only one or two additional markers. This limits the ability to detect different CTC subpopulations based on multiple markers. The aim of this work was to develop a novel protocol combining two platforms (IsoFluxTM and ImageStream®X) to improve CTC evaluation. Cancer cell lines and peripheral blood from healthy donors were used to evaluate the efficiency of each platform independently and in combination. Peripheral blood was extracted from 16 early CRC patients (before loco-regional surgery) to demonstrate the suitability of the protocol for CTC assessment. Additionally, peripheral blood was extracted from nine patients one month after surgery to validate the utility of our protocol for identifying CTC subpopulation changes over time. Results: Our protocol had a mean recovery efficiency of 69.5% and a limit of detection of at least four cells per millilitre. We developed an analysis method to reduce noise from magnetic beads used for CTC isolation. CTCs were isolated from CRC patients with a median of 37 CTCs (IQ 13.0–85.5) at baseline. CTCs from CRC patients were significantly (p < 0.0001) larger than cytokeratin (CK)-negative cells, and patients were stratified into two groups based on BRAFV600E and PD-L1 expression on CK-positive cells. The changes observed over time included not only the number of CTCs but also their distribution into four different subpopulations defined according to BRAFV600E and PD-L1 positivity. We developed a novel protocol for semi-automatic CTC isolation and phenotypic characterisation by combining two platforms. Assessment of CTCs from early CRC patients using our protocol allowed the identification of two clusters of patients with changing phenotypes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Maria P. Molina-Vallejo
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Inés Aznar-Peralta
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Legal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina González Puga
- Clinical Management Unit of Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.G.P.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Inés Cañas García
- Clinical Management Unit of Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.G.P.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Encarna González
- Clinical Management Unit of Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jose A. Lorente
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Legal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M. Jose Serrano
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Bio-Health Research Institute (IBS, Granada), University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.S.); (M.C.G.-N.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (ext. 123) (M.J.S.); +34-958715500 (ext. 208) (M.C.G.-N.)
| | - M. Carmen Garrido-Navas
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.P.M.-V.); (I.A.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.S.); (M.C.G.-N.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (ext. 123) (M.J.S.); +34-958715500 (ext. 208) (M.C.G.-N.)
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He L, Wick N, Germans SK, Peng Y. The Role of Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246209. [PMID: 34944829 PMCID: PMC8699562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an aggressive disease due to the lack of targeted therapies and low rate of response to chemotherapy that is currently the main treatment modality for TNBC. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subpopulation of breast tumors and recognized as drivers of tumorigenesis. TNBC tumors are characterized as being enriched for BCSCs. Studies have demonstrated the role of BCSCs as the source of metastatic disease and chemoresistance in TNBC. Multiple targets against BCSCs are now under investigation, with the considerations of either selectively targeting BCSCs or co-targeting BCSCs and non-BCSCs (majority of tumor cells). This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the role of BCSCs in TNBC and the identification of cancer stem cell biomarkers, paving the way for the development of new targeted therapies. The review also highlights the resultant discovery of cancer stem cell targets in TNBC and the ongoing clinical trials treating chemoresistant breast cancer. We aim to provide insights into better understanding the mutational landscape of BCSCs and exploring potential molecular signaling pathways targeting BCSCs to overcome chemoresistance and prevent metastasis in TNBC, ultimately to improve the overall survival of patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Neda Wick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Sharon Koorse Germans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Taromi S, Firat E, Simonis A, Braun LM, Apostolova P, Elze M, Passlick B, Schumacher A, Lagies S, Frey A, Schmitt-Graeff A, Burger M, Schmittlutz K, Follo M, von Elverfeldt D, Zhu X, Kammerer B, Diederichs S, Duyster J, Manz MG, Niedermann G, Zeiser R. Enhanced AC133-specific CAR T cell therapy induces durable remissions in mice with metastatic small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:385-99. [PMID: 34407431 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is not curable. While SCLC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy, remissions are short-lived. The relapse is induced by chemotherapy-selected tumor stem cells, which express the AC133 epitope of the CD133 stem cell marker. We studied the effectiveness of AC133-specific CAR T cells post-chemotherapy using human primary SCLC and an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. AC133-specific CAR T cells migrated to SCLC tumor lesions, reduced the tumor burden, and prolonged survival in a humanized orthotopic SCLC model, but were not able to entirely eliminate tumors. We identified CD73 and PD-L1 as immune-escape mechanisms and combined PD-1-inhibition and CD73-inhibition with CAR T cell treatment. This triple-immunotherapy induced cures in 25% of the mice, without signs of graft-versus-host disease or bone marrow failure. AC133+ cancer stem cells and PD-L1+CD73+ myeloid cells were detectable in primary human SCLC tissues, suggesting that patients may benefit from the triple-immunotherapy. We conclude that the combination of AC133-specific CAR T cells, anti-PD-1-antibody and CD73-inhibitor specifically eliminates chemo-resistant tumor stem cells, overcomes SCLC-mediated T cell inhibition, and might induce long-term complete remission in an otherwise incurable disease.
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9
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Tay ASMS, Amano T, Edwards LA, Yu JS. CD133 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells induce coordinated cytotoxic and helper T cell responses against breast cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 22:64-71. [PMID: 34485687 PMCID: PMC8403713 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a leading cause of death yearly, has been shown to be initiated and propagated by cancer stem cells. CD133, a cell surface antigen, has been shown to be present on cancer stem cells of many solid tumors, including breast cancer. A limitation to targeting CD133 is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted presentation of epitopes, leading to activation of only one arm of the immune system: either CD4+ helper T cells or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Thus, we hypothesized that by creating an MHC-independent vaccination, we would give rise to a sustained immune response against CD133 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs). We transfected CD133 mRNA into dendritic cells and then tested this in animal models of TNBC. We showed in these models the activation of both CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ helper T cells by dendritic cell vaccination with modified CD133 mRNA, with subsequent decrease in tumor growth. This study for the first time demonstrates in a syngeneic mouse model of TNBC that targeting CD133, in an MHC-independent manner, is an effective strategy against the cancer stem cell population, leading to tumor abrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Amano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lincoln A Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Menyailo ME, Bokova UA, Ivanyuk EE, Khozyainova AA, Denisov EV. Metastasis Prevention: Focus on Metastatic Circulating Tumor Cells. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:549-562. [PMID: 34287797 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. Metastatic foci are derived from tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor and then enter the circulation. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are generally associated with a high probability of distant metastasis and a negative prognosis. Most CTCs die in the bloodstream, and only a few cells form metastases. Such metastatic CTCs have a stem-like and hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, can avoid immune surveillance, and show increased therapy resistance. Targeting metastatic CTCs and their progenitors in primary tumors and their descendants, particularly disseminated tumor cells, represents an attractive strategy for metastasis prevention. However, current therapeutic strategies mainly target the primary tumor and only indirectly affect metastasis-initiating cells. Here, we consider potential methods for preventing metastasis based on targeting molecular and cellular features of metastatic CTCs, including CTC clusters. Also, we emphasize current knowledge gaps in CTC biology that should be addressed to develop highly effective therapeutics and strategies for metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Menyailo
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Ustinia A Bokova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Elena E Ivanyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Anna A Khozyainova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.
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11
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Lino WVS, Bachi ALL, Neto JAM, Caetani G, Amaral JBD, Pezato R. CD133, a Progenitor Cell Marker, is Reduced in Nasal Polyposis and Showed Significant Correlations with TGF-β1 and IL-8. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 26:e091-e096. [PMID: 35096164 PMCID: PMC8789493 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Combination of chronic inflammation and an altered tissue remodeling process are involved in the development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells expressing the progenitor gene
CD133
were involved in a significant reduction of the chronic inflammatory process in the polypoid tissue.
Objective
To evaluate the levels of CD133 (Prominin-1) in nasal polypoid tissue and its correlation with interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1).
Methods
A total of 74 subjects were divided in the following groups: control group (
n
= 35); chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps nonpresenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPnonAI) group (
n
= 27); and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps presenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPAI) group (
n
= 12). Histologic analysis and also evaluation of the concentration of CD133, IL-8, and TGF-β1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were performed in nasal tissue obtained from nasal polypectomy or from middle turbinate tissue.
Results
Higher eosinophilic infiltration was found in both CRSwNP groups by histologic analysis. Lower levels of TGF-β1 and IL-8 were observed in both CRSwNP groups when compared with the control group, whereas the CD133 levels were significantly reduced only in the CRSwNPnonAI group compared with the control group.
Conclusion
It was demonstrated that the nasal mucosa presenting polyposis showed a significant reduction of CD133 levels, and also that this reduction was significantly correlated with the reduction of TGF-β1 levels, but not with IL-8 levels. Therefore, these findings may be involved in the altered inflammatory and remodeling processes observed in the nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Vargas Souza Lino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro Ensino/Pesquisa em Imunologia Pulmonar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Health Science, Universidade Santo Amaro), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Arruda Mendes Neto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Caetani
- Hospital Universitário Gafree e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pezato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Gafree e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Mohan A, Raj Rajan R, Mohan G, Kollenchery Puthenveettil P, Maliekal TT. Markers and Reporters to Reveal the Hierarchy in Heterogeneous Cancer Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668851. [PMID: 34150761 PMCID: PMC8209516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation within cancer, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), regulates tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. At a closer look, CSCs show functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization. The present review is an attempt to assign marker profiles to define the functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of CSCs, based on a series of single-cell analyses. The evidences show that analogous to stem cell hierarchy, self-renewing Quiescent CSCs give rise to the Progenitor CSCs with limited proliferative capacity, and later to a Progenitor-like CSCs, which differentiates to Proliferating non-CSCs. Functionally, the CSCs can be tumor-initiating cells (TICs), drug-resistant CSCs, or metastasis initiating cells (MICs). Although there are certain marker profiles used to identify CSCs of different cancers, molecules like CD44, CD133, ALDH1A1, ABCG2, and pluripotency markers [Octamer binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG] are used to mark CSCs of a wide range of cancers, ranging from hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Our analysis of the recent reports showed that a combination of these markers can demarcate the heterogeneous CSCs in solid tumors. Reporter constructs are widely used for easy identification and quantification of marker molecules. In this review, we discuss the suitability of reporters for the widely used CSC markers that can define the heterogeneous CSCs. Since the CSC-specific functions of CD44 and CD133 are regulated at the post-translational level, we do not recommend the reporters for these molecules for the detection of CSCs. A promoter-based reporter for ABCG2 may also be not relevant in CSCs, as the expression of the molecule in cancer is mainly regulated by promoter demethylation. In this context, a dual reporter consisting of one of the pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 will be useful in marking the heterogeneous CSCs. This system can be easily adapted to high-throughput platforms to screen drugs for eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj Rajan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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13
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Mayo V, Bowles AC, Wubker LE, Ortiz I, Cordoves AM, Cote RJ, Correa D, Agarwal A. Human-derived osteoblast-like cells and pericyte-like cells induce distinct metastatic phenotypes in primary breast cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:971-985. [PMID: 33210551 PMCID: PMC8024509 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220971599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of advanced breast cancer patients will develop bone metastases, which accounts for ∼90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) establish metastatic tumors in the bone after a close interaction with local bone marrow cells including pericytes and osteoblasts, both related to resident mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) progenitors. In vitro recapitulation of the critical cellular players of the bone microenvironment and infiltrating CTCs could provide new insights into their cross-talk during the metastatic cascade, helping in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Human BM-MSCs were isolated and fractionated according to CD146 presence. CD146+ cells were utilized as pericyte-like cells (PLCs) given the high expression of the marker in perivascular cells, while CD146- cells were induced into an osteogenic phenotype generating osteoblast-like cells (OLCs). Transwell migration assays were performed to establish whether primary breast cancer cells (3384T) were attracted to OLC. Furthermore, proliferation of 3384T breast cancer cells was assessed in the presence of PLC- and OLC-derived conditioned media. Additionally, conditioned media cultures as well as transwell co-cultures of each OLCs and PLCs were performed with 3384T breast cancer cells for gene expression interrogation assessing their induced transcriptional changes with an emphasis on metastatic potential. PLC as well as their conditioned media increased motility and invasion potential of 3384T breast cancer cells, while OLC induced a dormant phenotype, downregulating invasiveness markers related with migration and proliferation. Altogether, these results indicate that PLC distinctively drive 3384T cancer cells to an invasive and migratory phenotype, while OLC induce a quiescence state, thus recapitulating the different phases of the in vivo bone metastatic process. These data show that phenotypic responses from metastasizing cancer cells are influenced by neighboring cells at the bone metastatic niche during the establishment of secondary metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mayo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura E Wubker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Ismael Ortiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Albert M Cordoves
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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14
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Alvarado-Estrada K, Marenco-Hillembrand L, Maharjan S, Mainardi VL, Zhang YS, Zarco N, Schiapparelli P, Guerrero-Cazares H, Sarabia-Estrada R, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Chaichana KL. Circulatory shear stress induces molecular changes and side population enrichment in primary tumor-derived lung cancer cells with higher metastatic potential. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2800. [PMID: 33531664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disease worldwide. However, while the survival for patients with primary cancers is improving, the ability to prevent metastatic cancer has not. Once patients develop metastases, their prognosis is dismal. A critical step in metastasis is the transit of cancer cells in the circulatory system. In this hostile microenvironment, variations in pressure and flow can change cellular behavior. However, the effects that circulation has on cancer cells and the metastatic process remain unclear. To further understand this process, we engineered a closed-loop fluidic system to analyze molecular changes induced by variations in flow rate and pressure on primary tumor-derived lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that cancer cells overexpress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers TWIST1 and SNAI2, as well as stem-like marker CD44 (but not CD133, SOX2 and/or NANOG). Moreover, these cells display a fourfold increased percentage of side population cells and have an increased propensity for migration. In vivo, surviving circulatory cells lead to decreased survival in rodents. These results suggest that cancer cells that express a specific circulatory transition phenotype and are enriched in side population cells are able to survive prolonged circulatory stress and lead to increased metastatic disease and shorter survival.
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15
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Zhou G, Da Won Bae S, Nguyen R, Huo X, Han S, Zhang Z, Hebbard L, Duan W, Eslam M, Liddle C, Yuen L, Lam V, Qiao L, George J. An aptamer-based drug delivery agent (CD133-apt-Dox) selectively and effectively kills liver cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:124-132. [PMID: 33352247 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer has no effective therapies, hence a poor survival. Cancer stem-like cells not only contribute to cancer initiation and progression, but also to drug resistance, cancer metastasis, and eventually treatment failure. Hence, any approaches that can effectively kill cancer stem-like cells hold a great potential for cancer treatment. CD133 is a robust marker for liver cancer stem-like cells. We developed a specific aptamer against CD133 (CD133-apt), and then loaded this aptamer with an anticancer drug doxorubicin (CD133-apt-Dox). The efficacy of CD133-apt-Dox in targeting liver cancer stem-like cells and its overall effect in treating liver cancer were investigated using multiple in vitro and in vivo studies including in patients-derived liver cancer organoids. We have observed that CD133-apt could preferably delivered doxorubicin to CD133-expressing cells with efficient drug accumulation and retention. CD133-apt-Dox impaired the self-renewal capacity of liver cancer stem-like cells and attenuated their stem-ness phenotypes in vitro or in vivo. CD133-apt-Dox significantly inhibited the growth of liver cancer cells and patients-derived organoids and reduced the growth of xenograft tumours in nude mice inhibited the growth of DEN-induced liver cancer in immunocompetent mice. Hence, aptamer-mediated targeting of CD133 is a highly promising approach for liver cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen/genetics
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/administration & dosage
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/genetics
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacokinetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Carriers/administration & dosage
- Drug Carriers/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah Da Won Bae
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Romario Nguyen
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Huo
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Shuanglin Han
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Renal Inflammation and Immunology Group, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Discipline of Molecular and Cell Biology, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lawrence Yuen
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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16
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Cordero-Barreal A, Caleiras E, López de Maturana E, Monteagudo M, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Letón R, Gil E, Álvarez-Escolá C, Regojo RM, Andía V, Marazuela M, Guadalix S, Calatayud M, Robles-Díaz L, Aguirre M, Cano JM, Díaz JÁ, Saavedra P, Lamas C, Azriel S, Sastre J, Aller J, Leandro-García LJ, Calsina B, Roldán-Romero JM, Santos M, Lanillos J, Cascón A, Rodríguez-Antona C, Robledo M, Montero-Conde C. CD133 Expression in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells Identifies Patients with Poor Prognosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5892412. [PMID: 32791518 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The identification of markers able to determine medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients at high-risk of disease progression is critical to improve their clinical management and outcome. Previous studies have suggested that expression of the stem cell marker CD133 is associated with MTC aggressiveness. OBJECTIVE To evaluate CD133 impact on disease progression in MTC and explore the regulatory mechanisms leading to the upregulation of this protein in aggressive tumors. PATIENTS We compiled a series of 74 MTCs with associated clinical data and characterized them for mutations in RET and RAS proto-oncogenes, presumed to be related with disease clinical behavior. RESULTS We found that CD133 immunohistochemical expression was associated with adverse clinicopathological features and predicted a reduction in time to disease progression even when only RET-mutated cases were considered in the analysis (log-rank test P < 0.003). Univariate analysis for progression-free survival revealed CD133 expression and presence of tumor emboli in peritumoral blood vessels as the most significant prognostic covariates among others such as age, gender, and prognostic stage. Multivariate analysis identified both variables as independent factors of poor prognosis (hazard ratio = 16.6 and 2; P = 0.001 and 0.010, respectively). Finally, we defined hsa-miR-30a-5p, a miRNA downregulated in aggressive MTCs, as a CD133 expression regulator. Ectopic expression of hsa-miR-30a-5p in MZ-CRC-1 (RETM918T) cells significantly reduced CD133 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CD133 expression may be a useful tool to identify MTC patients with poor prognosis, who may benefit from a more extensive primary surgical management and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evangelina López de Maturana
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, San Pablo-CEU University, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Letón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gil
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Álvarez-Escolá
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department and Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita M Regojo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department and Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Andía
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Robles-Díaz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Aguirre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juana M Cano
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Saavedra
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cristina Lamas
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sharona Azriel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Julia Sastre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Aller
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Santos
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Abstract
Occurrence of stem cells (CSCs) in cancer is well established in last two decades. These rare cells share several properties including presence of common surface markers, stem cell markers, chemo- and radio- resistance and are highly metastatic in nature; thus, considered as valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the studies related to CSCs pave number of issues due to rare cell population and difficulties in their isolation ascribed to common stem cell marker. Various techniques including flow cytometry, laser micro-dissection, fluorescent nanodiamonds and microfluidics are used for the isolation of these rare cells. In this review, we have included the advance strategies adopted for the isolation of CSCs using above mentioned techniques. Furthermore, CSCs are primarily found in the core of the solid tumors and their microenvironment plays an important role in maintenance, self-renewal, division and tumor development. Therefore, in vivo tracking and model development become obligatory for functional studies of CSCs. Fluorescence and bioluminescence tagging has been widely used for transplantation assay and lineage tracking experiments to improve our understanding towards CSCs behaviour in their niche. Techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) have proved useful for tracking of endogenous CSCs which could be helpful in their identification in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chanchal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vedika Sandeep Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayant Ramakant Wagh
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Ding S, Chen X, Shen K. Single-cell RNA sequencing in breast cancer: Understanding tumor heterogeneity and paving roads to individualized therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:329-344. [PMID: 32654419 PMCID: PMC7427308 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a novel technology that allows transcriptomic analyses of individual cells. During the past decade, scRNA‐seq sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency have improved due to innovations including more sensitive, automated, and cost‐effective single‐cell isolation methods with higher throughput as well as ongoing technological development of scRNA‐seq protocols. Among the variety of current approaches with distinct features, researchers can choose the most suitable method to carry out their research. By profiling single cells in a complex population mix, scRNA‐seq presents great advantages over traditional sequencing methods in dissecting heterogeneity in cell populations hidden in bulk analysis and exploring rare cell types associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. scRNA‐seq studies in recent years in the field of breast cancer research have clustered breast cancer cell populations with different molecular subtypes to identify distinct populations that may correlate with poor prognosis and drug resistance. The technology has also been used to explain tumor microenvironment heterogeneity by identifying distinct immune cell subsets that may be associated with immunosurveillance and are potential immunotherapy targets. Moreover, scRNA‐seq has diverse applications in breast cancer research besides exploring heterogeneity, including the analysis of cell‐cell communications, regulatory single‐cell states, immune cell distributions, and more. scRNA‐seq is also a promising tool that can facilitate individualized therapy due to its ability to define cell subsets with potential treatment targets. Although scRNA‐seq studies of therapeutic selection in breast cancer are currently limited, the application of this technology in this field is prospective. Joint efforts and original ideas are needed to better implement scRNA‐seq technologies in breast cancer research to pave the way for individualized treatment management. This review provides a brief introduction on the currently available scRNA‐seq approaches along with their corresponding strengths and weaknesses and may act as a reference for the selection of suitable methods for research. We also discuss the current applications of scRNA‐seq in breast cancer research for tumor heterogeneity analysis, individualized therapy, and the other research directions mentioned above by reviewing corresponding published studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current scRNA‐seq technologies and technical problems that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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19
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Song Y, Zhao B, Xu Y, Ren X, Lin Y, Zhou L, Sun Q. Prognostic significance of branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 and CD133 in triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:584. [PMID: 32571264 PMCID: PMC7310042 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (BCAT1) is associated with tumour progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, CD133 has emerged as a novel cancer stem cell marker for indicating tumour progression. However, the prognostic significance of these two markers remains to be verified. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between BCAT1 and CD133 expression and clinicopathological features, as well as the prognosis of patients with TNBC. METHODS The study cohort included 291 patients with TNBC. Tissue microarrays were constructed for both cancer and normal tissues. The expression of BCAT1 and CD133 was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the levels were evaluated using an H-scoring system. Cut-off points for BCAT1 and CD133 expression were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The median follow-up time for the study participants was 68.73 months (range: 1.37-103.6 months). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the 291 patients with TNBC were 72.51 and 82.47%, respectively. Higher levels of BCAT1 and CD133 expression independently indicated shorter DFS and OS. High levels of both BCAT1 and CD133 expression were detected in 36 (12.37%) patients, who had significantly shorter DFS and OS (both P < 0.001) compared to other patients. CONCLUSION BCAT1 and CD133 can be considered as biomarkers with prognostic significance for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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20
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Aaliyari-Serej Z, Ebrahimi A, Barazvan B, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Kazemi T, Baradaran B. Recent Advances in Targeting of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Based on Biological Concepts and Drug Delivery System Modification. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:338-349. [PMID: 32665892 PMCID: PMC7335982 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer with various biological diversity known as the common reason of death in the world and despite progress in novel therapeutic approaches, it faced with failure and recurrence in general. Recent clinical and preclinical statistics support cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis and its similarities with normal stem cells. Evaluation of related paper conclude in significance finding in the further characterization of CSCs biology such as surface biomarkers, microenvironment regulatory molecules, cell signaling pathways, cell to cell transition and drug efflux pumps to overcome multidrug resistance and effective therapy. Emerging novel data indicate biological concepts in the base of unsuccessful treatment. A powerful understanding of the cell signaling pathways in cancer and CSCs topics can be led us to define and control treatment problems in cancer. More recently nano medicine based on drug delivery system modification and new implications on combinatorial therapy have been used to treat breast cancer effectively. The aim of this review is focus on CSCs as a potential target of cancer therapy, to overcome the limitation and problems of current therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Aaliyari-Serej
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayyub Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Halic Uuniversity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Balal Barazvan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Trevellin E, Pirozzolo G, Fassan M, Vettor R. Prognostic value of stem cell markers in esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:4240-4249. [PMID: 32368307 PMCID: PMC7196270 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor, with poor prognosis and low survival rates. Although diagnosis and treatment have improved considerably, more efficient prognostic factors are urgently needed to prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells are key players in tumor progression and several studies have investigated the association between the expression of stemness genes and clinical outcome. However, the prognostic value of stemness markers in esophageal cancer remains controversial. We identified six factors involved in angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis and self-renewal that have been associated to poor prognosis in other types of cancer. We conducted a review of the literature and a meta-analysis to assess their potential prognostic role in this malignancy. Material and Methods: The database of PMC, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched to investigate the association between CD34, CD133, Nucleostemin, OCT-4, NANOG and CD90, and the survival of patients affected by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Among the 615 eligible studies, a total of 19 articles (including 1586 patients) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, and the pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Data showed that high expression of CD34 (HR 2.10; 95%CI 1.41-3.14; I2=56%; p=0.0003), CD133 (HR 1.91; 95%CI 1.15-3.19; I2=55%; p=0.01) and Nucleostemin (HR 2.97; 95%CI 1.11-7.98; I2=0%; p=0.03) were associated with poor prognosis in patients affected by esophageal cancer. The expression of NANOG and OCT-4 showed no significant association with survival of patients, whereas no study involving CD90 was included in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: CD34, CD133 and Nucleostemin might represent useful prognostic markers in patients affected by esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Trevellin
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pirozzolo
- Emergency General Surgery, Ospedale dell'Angelo - ULSS 3 Serenissima, 30174 Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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22
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Savelieva OE, Tashireva LA, Kaigorodova EV, Buzenkova AV, Mukhamedzhanov RK, Grigoryeva ES, Zavyalova MV, Tarabanovskaya NA, Cherdyntseva NV, Perelmuter VM. Heterogeneity of Stemlike Circulating Tumor Cells in Invasive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082780. [PMID: 32316333 PMCID: PMC7216207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of stem and epithelial–mesenchymal-transition (EMT) features in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) determines their invasiveness, adaptability to the microenvironment, and resistance to proapoptotic signals and chemotherapy. It also allows them to fulfil the role of metastatic “seeds”. We evaluated the heterogeneity of stem CTCs by their CD44, ALDH1, and CD133 expression depending on N-cadherin expression in breast-cancer patients. A total of 38 female patients were selected for this study. CTC phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry before any type of treatment. Multiplex immunofluorescence was used for the evaluation of tumor-cell heterogeneity in primary lesions. In patients who had CD44-CD24- CTCs, a subset of cells with the expression of other stem-cell markers (CD133 and ALDH1) were detected. Expression of CD133 and/or ALDH1 may be associated with expression of N-cadherin: all populations of N-cadherin+ CTCs demonstrate stem features; in the absence of N-cadherin expression, true nonstem (CD44-CD24-CD133-ALDH1-) cells are found. The heterogeneity of stem marker expression in CTCs was observed regardless of N-cadherin expression. In our study, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) receptor expression in CTCs did not depend on stemlike traits, but was instead associated with N-cadherin expression. Subpopulations of tumor cells, detected both in tumors and blood, were identified. Breast cancer was characterized by pronounced interpersonal and intrapersonal heterogeneity of CTCs by the presence and combination of various stem features and N-cadherin expression. To complete the characterization of stemlike features of CTCs, we suggest the simultaneous use of the three stem markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E. Savelieva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(3822)-28-26-86
| | - Liubov A. Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Evgeniya V. Kaigorodova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Angelina V. Buzenkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | | | - Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Marina V. Zavyalova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Tarabanovskaya
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Cherdyntseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Vladimir M. Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (L.A.T.); (E.V.K.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.G.); (M.V.Z.); (N.A.T.); (N.V.C.); (V.M.P.)
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23
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Xun Y, Cao Q, Zhang J, Guan B, Wang M. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 104:104638. [PMID: 32182549 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate its correlation with clinicopathological and prognostic significance in HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two authors systematically searched the studies independently with keywords in PubMed, Web of science, Embase, the Cochrane database, the CNKI database, the Science citation index and the references of relevant studies (up to February 2019). Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated as effect values. RESULTS Twenty studies containing 1054 patients with HNSCC were included in this meta-analysis. The CTC-positive rate was higher in the T3-T4 group (RR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.11, 1.49], I2 = 47.3%), the N1-N3 group (RR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.02, 1.36], I2 = 12.4%) and the III-IV group (RR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.02, 1.25], I2 = 0%). Positive CTCs were significant associated with overall survival (HR = 1.37, 95% CI [0.59, 2.15], I2 = 9.7%), progression-free survival (HR = 3.40, 95%CI [1.47, 5.32], I2 = 0%), and disease-free survival (HR = 3.57, 95%CI [1.06, 6.08], I2 = 81%). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis results indicated that CTCs are significant associated with prognosis of patients with HNSCC. The presence of CTCs can be used as a monitoring tool for survival prognosis of HNSCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Xun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maohua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Lu R, Zhao G, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Cai J, Hu H. Inhibition of CD133 Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance Through Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Autophagy in CD133-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819864311. [PMID: 31405336 PMCID: PMC6693020 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819864311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used as the standard gastric cancer treatment, but the relapse and metastasis are common as intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. CD133 has been widely known to be associated with chemoresistance in various cancer cells. In this study, we focused on investigating the function and mechanism of CD133 underlying cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cell line KATO-III. We detected CD133 expression by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot and found that expression of CD133 was upregulated in cisplatin resistance of KATO-III cells (Cis-KATO-III) compared with KATO-III cells, indicating the role of CD133 in regulating cisplatin resistance of KATO-III cells. Then we sorted the Cis-KATO-III cells into CD133-positive (CD133+) pools and measured the proliferation and apoptosis after the cell is transfected with pc-CD133 and sh-CD133 by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that the inhibition of CD133 inhibited the cell viability and promoted the cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of CD133 downregulated the expression of PI3K/AKT and promoted the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, thus inhibited the autophagic activity in the Cis-KATO-III cells after cisplatin treatment. Besides, we also verified the effects of CD133 in vivo. The results indicated that inhibition of CD133 enhanced the Cis-KATO-III cell sensitivity to cisplatin by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, our data provide new insight that CD133 activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway, resulting in activation of autophagy and cisplatin resistance of Cis-KATO-III cells. These results may offer a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Lu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingli Cai
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Kapeleris J, Zou H, Qi Y, Gu Y, Li J, Schoning J, Monteiro MJ, Gu W. Cancer stemness contributes to cluster formation of colon cancer cells and high metastatic potentials. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:838-847. [PMID: 31883392 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to form clusters is a characteristic feature in the development of metastatic tumours with drug resistance. Several studies demonstrated that clusters of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have a greater metastatic potential to establish new tumours at secondary sites than single CTCs. However, the mechanism of cluster formation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether cancer stemness would contribute to cluster formation. We used a tumour sphere culture method to enrich cancer stem cells (CSCs) from colon cancer cells and found that during the second generation of sphere culture, clusters (between 3 and 5 cells) formed within the first 24 hours, whereas the rest remained as single cells. The clusters were analysed for stemness and metastatic potential, including gene expressions for cancer stemness (CD133 and Lgr5), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin and TGF-β 1-3) and hypoxia-induced factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α). The results showed that the clusters expressed higher levels of these genes and colon CSC surface markers (including CD24, CD44 and CD133) than the single cells. Among these markers, CD24 seemed the major contributor linking the cells into the clusters. These clusters also showed a stronger ability to both form colonies and migrate. Our data collectively suggest that colon cancer stemness contributes to cluster formation and that clustered cells exhibit a great metastatic potential. Our study thus provides a method to study the CTC clusters and derive insight into oncogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yushu Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jingyun Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Schoning
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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26
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Lee CH, Hsieh JCH, Wu TMH, Yeh TS, Wang HM, Lin YC, Chen JS, Lee CL, Huang WK, Hung TM, Yen TT, Chan SC, Chou WC, Kuan FC, Hu CC, Chang PH. Baseline circulating stem-like cells predict survival in patients with metastatic breast Cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1167. [PMID: 31791269 PMCID: PMC6889331 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with breast cancer prognosis. Research is limited regarding the role of circulating cancer stem-like cells (cCSCs) considering the treatment response and survival among patients with metastatic breast cancer. Accordingly, we performed this prospective study to clarify the prognostic significance of baseline cCSCs for metastatic breast cancer in terms of first-line chemotherapy. Methods Between April 2014 and January 2016, we prospectively enrolled 48 patients with stage IV breast invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent first-line chemotherapy. We identified and analyzed CTCs and cCSCs by using a protocol based on negative selection and flow cytometry before chemotherapy. CTCs were identified as EpCAM+Hoechst+CD45– cells and cCSCs as CD133+EpCAM+Hoechst+CD45– cells. cCSCs were expressed as a percentage of CTCs. The associations between CTCs, cCSCs, and the clinicopathological variables that were predictive of the treatment response and survival outcome were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results We identified CTCs in all the enrolled patients, with a median number of 33.9/mL CTCs. CSCs were isolated in 97.9% of the patients; the median percentage of cCSCs was 14.7%. A high baseline level of cCSCs was correlated with an inferior tumor response rate (54.2% vs. 95.8%, p < 0.001), overall survival (OS; median: 27.7 months vs. not reached, p < 0.001), and progression-free survival (PFS; median: 5.7 vs. 18.0 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that along with other clinical variables, baseline cCSCs remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Conclusions Baseline cCSCs predict the treatment response as well as survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, the measurement of cCSCs may assist in identifying early cancer treatment response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tyler Min-Hsien Wu
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shiuan Yeh
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chan Lin
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuan Huang
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tsen Yen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Chan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- Circulating Tumour Cell Lab, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Al-Qassab Y, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. CD133 in Breast Cancer Cells: More than a Stem Cell Marker. J Oncol. 2019;2019:7512632. [PMID: 31636668 PMCID: PMC6766124 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7512632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initially correlated with hematopoietic precursors, the surface expression of CD133 was also found in epithelial and nonepithelial cells from adult tissues in which it has been associated with a number of biological events. CD133 is expressed in solid tumors as well, including breast cancer, in which most of the studies have been focused on its use as a surface marker for the detection of cells with stem-like properties (i.e., cancer stem cells (CSCs)). Differently with other solid tumors, very limited and in part controversial are the information about the significance of CD133 in breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women in industrialized countries. In this review, we summarize the latest findings about the implication of CD133 in breast tumors, highlighting its role in tumor cells with a triple negative phenotype in which it directly regulates the expression of proteins involved in metastasis and drug resistance. We provide updates about the prognostic role of CD133, underlining its value as an indicator of increased malignancy of both noninvasive and invasive breast tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms at the basis of the regulation of CD133 levels in breast tumors have also been reviewed, highlighting experimental strategies capable to restrain its level that could be taken into account to reduce malignancy and/or to prevent the progression of breast tumors.
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Zong X, Nephew KP. Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells: Role in Metastasis and Opportunity for Therapeutic Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E934. [PMID: 31277278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease usually diagnosed at a late stage. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that exist within the bulk tumor survive first-line chemotherapy and contribute to resistant disease with metastasis. Understanding the key features of CSC biology provides valuable opportunities to develop OCSC-directed therapeutics, which will eventually improve the clinical outcomes of patients. Although significant developments have occurred since OCSCs were first described, the involvement of CSCs in ovarian tumor metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we discuss putative CSC markers and the fundamental role of CSCs in facilitating tumor dissemination in OC. Additionally, we focus on promising CSC-targeting strategies in preclinical and clinical studies of OC and discuss potential challenges in CSC research.
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Ilgın C, Çomut E, Sarıgül Ç, Korkmaz S, Vardar E, Müftüoğlu SF. The evaluation of the distribution of CD133, CXCR1 and the tumor associated macrophages in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:83-96. [PMID: 31250425 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has different molecular subtypes, which determine the prognosis and response to the treatment. CD133 is a marker for cancer stem cells in tumor microenvironment with diagnostic/therapeutic importance. The tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with the cancer stem cells through the CXCR1 receptor. In this study, we wanted to investigate the expression of these markers in patients with different molecular subtypes, in order to detect pathophysiological mechanisms and new molecular targets for the prospective targeted therapies. In this study we hypothesized a difference in expression of these antigens among different subtypes. We investigated expression of antigens in breast cancer patients with luminal A (LA), luminal B (LB), HER2 overexpressing (HER2OE), triple negative (TN) subtypes (n=70) and control patients (n=10) without cancer diagnosis. We applied indirect immunohistochemistry and evaluated immunostaining. CD133 expression was at the periphery and CXCR1 expression was at the central area of the tumor. The cytoplasmic CXCR1, CD133 expressions and nuclear CD133 expression, which is prominent in the TN subtype, were observed in patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for CD133 (p=0.004), CXCR1 (p=0.002) H-Score values and M2 macrophages/whole TAM ratios (p=0.022). Between the CD133 and CXCR1 H-scores, there was a weak positive correlation (r=0.249, p=0.035). This study showed the compartment specific expression of the CD133 and CXCR1 antigens in neoplastic cells. The use of CD133 as a stem cell marker may be limited to TN subtype, due to its heterogeneous expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ilgın
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Çomut
- Hakkari Government Hospital, Department of Pathology, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Sarıgül
- Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Korkmaz
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Enver Vardar
- Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Fatma Müftüoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Lozar T, Gersak K, Cemazar M, Kuhar CG, Jesenko T. The biology and clinical potential of circulating tumor cells. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:131-47. [PMID: 31104002 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells can shed from the tumor, enter the circulation and travel to distant organs, where they can seed metastases. These cells are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The ability of CTCs to populate distant tissues and organs has led us to believe they are the primary cause of cancer metastasis. The biological properties and interaction of CTCs with other cell types during intravasation, circulation in the bloodstream, extravasation and colonization are multifaceted and include changes of CTC phenotypes that are regulated by many signaling molecules, including cytokines and chemokines. Considering a sample is readily accessible by a simple blood draw, monitoring CTC levels in the blood has exceptional implications in oncology field. A method called the liquid biopsy allows the extraction of not only CTC, but also CTC products, such as cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free RNA (cfRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and exosomes. Conclusions The clinical utility of CTCs and their products is increasing with advances in liquid biopsy technology. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy to detect CTCs and their products are numerous and could be used for screening of the presence of the cancer in the general population, as well as for prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer patients. With the development of better CTC isolation technologies and clinical testing in large prospective trials, increasing clinical utility of CTCs can be expected. The understanding of their biology and interactions with other cell types, particularly with those of the immune system and the rise of immunotherapy also hold great promise for novel therapeutic possibilities.
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Chang PH, Wu MH, Liu SY, Wang HM, Huang WK, Liao CT, Yen TC, Ng SH, Chen JS, Lin YC, Lin HC, Hsieh JCH. The Prognostic Roles of Pretreatment Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Cancer Stem-Like Cells, and Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression on Peripheral Lymphocytes in Patients with Initially Unresectable, Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Study of Three Biomarkers in One-time Blood Drawing. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040540. [PMID: 30991692 PMCID: PMC6521270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and immune status are strongly related to cancer prognosis, although few studies have examined both factors. This prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02420600) evaluated whether CTCs, circulating cancer stem-like cells (cCSCs), and peripheral lymphocytes with/without Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression were associated with prognosis among patients receiving palliative chemotherapy for initially unresectable, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rmHNSCC). Thirty-four patients were enrolled between January 2015 and June 2016. Overall survival (OS) was associated with a higher CTC number (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, p = 0.0004) and cCSC ratio (HR: 29.903, p < 0.0001). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also associated with CTC number (HR: 1.013, p = 0.002) and cCSC ratio (HR: 10.92, p = 0.003). A CD8+ proportion of ≥ 17% was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.242, p = 0.004). A CD4: CD8 ratio of >1.2 was associated with poorer trend of PFS (HR: 2.12, p = 0.064). PD-1 expression was not associated with survival outcomes. Baseline CTCs, cCSC ratio, and CD8+ ratio may predict prognosis in rmHNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hung Chang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Sen-Yu Liu
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Kuan Huang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology⁻Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Circulating Tumor Cell Lab, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 333, Taiwan.
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Shang C, Lang B, Meng LR. Blocking NOTCH pathway can enhance the effect of EGFR inhibitor through targeting CD133+ endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 19:113-119. [PMID: 27791463 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1250985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular therapeutics targeting key biomarkers such as epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) shows some success in clinical trials, some internally existing challenges in endothelial cancer biology hinder the drug effects. One of the major challenges stems from cancer stem cell-derived drug resistance. CD133 positive cells are well believed as cancer stem cells (CSC) in endometrial cancers and NOTCH pathway plays a critical role in retaining CD133+ cells by promoting CSC self-renewal and chemoresistance. Here, we initiated a therapeutic strategy to improve effects of EGFR inhibition by targeting NOTCH pathway of CD133+ cells in endometrial cancers. We first detected and purified the CD133+ cell fraction in endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa (IK), and validated activation of NOTCH pathway in the CD133+ cells that have higher proliferation rate and lower apoptosis rate, comparing to CD133- cells. Results of nude mouse xenograft experiments further demonstrated CD133+ cells retain higher tumorigenesis capacity than CD133- cells, indicating their tumor-initiating property. Last, we applied both NOTCH inhibitor DAPT and EGFR inhibitor AG1478 treatment on endometrial cancer lines IK and HEC-1A and the results suggested improvement effects of the combination therapy compared to the treatments of DAPT or AG1478 alone. These findings indicated targeting NOTCH pathway in CD133+ cells, combining with EGFR inhibition, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shang
- a Department of Neurobiology , China Medical University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Bin Lang
- b School of Health Sciences , Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , P. R. China
| | - Li-Rong Meng
- b School of Health Sciences , Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , P. R. China
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson R. Immunohistochemical investigation of prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 30602942 PMCID: PMC6307223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the prognostic role of biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, no biomarker has been established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the current literature for biomarkers evaluated by immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in patients with resected CRLM. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified in the PubMed database with selected search terms and by cross-references search. The REMARK quality criteria were applied. Markers were included if they reported the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical markers in a multivariable setting in relation to overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis was conducted when more than one original article provided survival data of a marker. Results In total, 26 biomarkers were identified as independent significant markers for OS in resected CRLM. These biomarkers were found to be involved in multiple oncogenic signalling pathways that control cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and evasion of immune detection. Among these biomarker candidates were Ki-67, EGFR, p53, hTERT, CD34, TSP-1, KISS1, Aurora kinase A and CDX2. CD34 and TSP-1 were reported as significantly associated with survival by more than one study and where therefore pooled in a meta-analysis. Conclusion A number of independent prognostic biomarkers for resected CRLM were identified. However, most markers were evaluated in a retrospective setting with small patient cohorts, without external validation. Large, prospective, multicentre studies with standardised methods are needed before biomarkers can translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Lin YH, Wu MH, Huang YH, Yeh CT, Chi HC, Tsai CY, Chuang WY, Yu CJ, Chung IH, Chen CY, Lin KH. Thyroid hormone negatively regulates tumorigenesis through suppression of BC200. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:967-979. [PMID: 30400024 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) and its receptor (TR) are involved in cancer progression. While deregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been detected in many tumor types, the mechanisms underlying specific involvement of lncRNAs in tumorigenicity remain unclear. Experiments from the current study revealed negative regulation of BC200 expression by T3/TR. BC200 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and effective as an independent prognostic marker. BC200 promoted cell growth and tumor sphere formation, which was mediated via regulation of cell cycle-related genes and stemness markers. Moreover, BC200 protected cyclin E2 mRNA from degradation. Cell growth ability was repressed by T3, but partially enhanced upon BC200 overexpression. Mechanistically, BC200 directly interacted with cyclin E2 and promoted CDK2-cyclin E2 complex formation. Upregulation of cell cycle-related genes in hepatoma samples was positively correlated with BC200 expression. Our collective findings support the utility of a potential therapeutic strategy involving targeting of BC200 for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiao Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yang L, Li N, Yan Z, Li C, Zhao Z. MiR-29a-Mediated CD133 Expression Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance in CD133+ Glioblastoma Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:369-377. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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García-González V, Díaz-Villanueva JF, Galindo-Hernández O, Martínez-Navarro I, Hurtado-Ureta G, Pérez-Arias AA. Ceramide Metabolism Balance, a Multifaceted Factor in Critical Steps of Breast Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2527. [PMID: 30149660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are key lipids in energetic-metabolic pathways and signaling cascades, modulating critical physiological functions in cells. While synthesis of ceramides is performed in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is altered under overnutrition conditions, proteins associated with ceramide metabolism are located on membrane arrangement of mitochondria and ER (MAMs). However, ceramide accumulation in meta-inflammation, condition that associates obesity with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, favors the deregulation of pathways such as insulin signaling, and induces structural rearrangements on mitochondrial membrane, modifying its permeability and altering the flux of ions and other molecules. Considering the wide biological processes in which sphingolipids are implicated, they have been associated with diseases that present abnormalities in their energetic metabolism, such as breast cancer. In this sense, sphingolipids could modulate various cell features, such as growth, proliferation, survival, senescence, and apoptosis in cancer progression; moreover, ceramide metabolism is associated to chemotherapy resistance, and regulation of metastasis. Cell–cell communication mediated by exosomes and lipoproteins has become relevant in the transport of several sphingolipids. Therefore, in this work we performed a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art about the multifaceted roles of ceramides, specifically the deregulation of ceramide metabolism pathways, being a key factor that could modulate neoplastic processes development. Under specific conditions, sphingolipids perform important functions in several cellular processes, and depending on the preponderant species and cellular and/or tissue status can inhibit or promote the development of metabolic and potentially breast cancer disease.
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Cho HY, Hossain MK, Lee JH, Han J, Lee HJ, Kim KJ, Kim JH, Lee KB, Choi JW. Selective isolation and noninvasive analysis of circulating cancer stem cells through Raman imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wang H, Stoecklein NH, Lin PP, Gires O. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in motion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1884-1912. [PMID: 27683128 PMCID: PMC5352105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood with the gold standard CellSearchTM has proven prognostic value for tumor recurrence and progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, the further molecular characterization of isolated CTCs might have clinical relevance as liquid biopsy for therapeutic decision-making and to monitor disease progression. The direct analysis of systemic cancer appears particularly important in view of the known disparity in expression of therapeutic targets as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based heterogeneity between primary and systemic tumor cells, which all substantially complicate monitoring and therapeutic targeting at present. Since CTCs are the potential precursor cells of metastasis, their in-depth molecular profiling should also provide a useful resource for target discovery. The present review will discuss the use of systemically spread cancer cells as liquid biopsy and focus on potential target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors, Helmholtz, Germany
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Li Y, Zhao C, Yu Z, Chen J, She X, Li P, Liu C, Zhang Y, Feng J, Fu H, Wang B, Kuang L, Li L, Lv G, Wu M. Low expression of miR-381 is a favorite prognosis factor and enhances the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68585-68596. [PMID: 27612424 PMCID: PMC5356575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy with a poor prognosis for all races and both sexes. In this study, we found that miR-381 is a positive prognosis factor for OS patients that OS patients with a low expression of miR-381 had a longer survival time after surgical intervention, and miR-381 expression promotes MG-63 cell proliferation and cell invasion ability. Our results also showed a strong negative correlation between the expression of miR-381 and LRRC4 (brain relative specific expression gene) in OS tissues. This demonstrated that LRRC4 is a direct target gene of miR-381, and suppressing the expression of miR-381 increases the sensitivity of OS cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through the LRRC4-mediated mTOR pathway. In summary, miR-381 is an important biomarker in directing therapeutic intervention and predicting prognosis in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Pathology Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chinen LTD, Abdallah EA, Braun AC, Flores BDCTDCP, Corassa M, Sanches SM, Fanelli MF. Circulating Tumor Cells as Cancer Biomarkers in the Clinic. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 994:1-41. [PMID: 28560666 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that the development of metastatic cancer requires the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) , which are found in a patient's circulation as rare abnormal cells comingled with billions of the normal red and white blood cells. The systems developed for detection of CTCs have brought progress to cancer treatment. The molecular characterization of CTCs can aid in the development of new drugs, and their presence during treatment can help clinicians determine the prognosis of the patient. Studies have been carried out in patients early in the disease course, with only primary tumors, and the role of CTCs in prognosis seems to be as important as it is in patients with metastatic disease. The published studies on CTCs have focused on their prognostic significance, their utility in real-time monitoring of therapies, the identification of therapeutic and resistance targets, and understanding the process of metastasis . The analysis of CTCs during the early stages, as a "liquid biopsy," helps to monitor patients at different points in the disease course, including minimal residual disease, providing valuable information about the very early assessment of treatment effectiveness. Finally, CTCs can be used to screen patients with family histories of cancer or with diseases that can lead to the development of cancer. With standard protocols, this easily obtained and practical tool can be used to prevent the growth and spread of cancer. In this chapter, we review some important aspects of CTCs , surveying the disease aspects where these cells have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emne Ali Abdallah
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Alexcia Camila Braun
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Corassa
- Department of Medical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Solange Moraes Sanches
- Department of Medical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Marcello Ferretti Fanelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
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Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, Al-Qassab Y, Vezzali F, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. Up-modulation of PLC-β2 reduces the number and malignancy of triple-negative breast tumor cells with a CD133 +/EpCAM + phenotype: a promising target for preventing progression of TNBC. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:617. [PMID: 28870198 PMCID: PMC5584040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The malignant potential of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is also dependent on a sub-population of cells with a stem-like phenotype. Among the cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and EpCAM strongly correlate with breast tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that simultaneous targeting of the two surface antigens may be beneficial in treatment of TNBC. Since in TNBC-derived cells we demonstrated that PLC-β2 induces the conversion of CD133high to CD133low cells, here we explored its possible role in down-modulating the expression of both CD133 and EpCAM and, ultimately, in reducing the number of TNBC cells with a stem-like phenotype. Methods A magnetic step-by-step cell isolation with antibodies directed against CD133 and/or EpCAM was performed on the TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell line. In the same cell model, PLC-β2 was over-expressed or down-modulated and cell proliferation and invasion capability were evaluated by Real-time cell assays. The surface expression of CD133, EpCAM and CD44 in the different experimental conditions were measured by multi-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Results A CD133+/EpCAM+ sub-population with high proliferation rate and invasion capability is present in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Over-expression of PLC-β2 in CD133+/EpCAM+ cells reduced the surface expression of both CD133 and EpCAM, as well as proliferation and invasion capability of this cellular subset. On the other hand, the up-modulation of PLC-β2 in the whole MDA-MB-231 cell population reduced the number of cells with a CD44+/CD133+/EpCAM+ stem-like phenotype. Conclusions Since selective targeting of the cells with the highest aggressive potential may have a great clinical importance for TNBC, the up-modulation of PLC-β2, reducing the number of cells with a stem-like phenotype, may be a promising goal for novel therapies aimed to prevent the progression of aggressive breast tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brugnoli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yasamin Al-Qassab
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Federica Vezzali
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Geddert H, Braun A, Kayser C, Dimmler A, Faller G, Agaimy A, Haller F, Moskalev EA. Epigenetic Regulation of CD133 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:515-524. [PMID: 28398518 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study ascertained the regulation of the stem cell marker CD133 and its potential applicability for prognostication of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS A total of 95 resected GISTs were included in the study. CD133 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays. Methylation percentage was quantified by pyrosequencing. Gene expression in cell lines GIST48b and GIST882 upon treatment with DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The expression of hypermethylated CD133 could be reactivated in the GIST cell line upon hypomethylation with the drug. Similarly, in patient material, CD133 methylation percentage correlated inversely with the protein expression and reflected tumor size with hypermethylation in small (<2 cm) tumors and virtually no methylation in large (>10 cm) GISTs. The gene's methylation percentage and expression level were clearly specific to anatomic sites and distinct driver mutations. KIT -mutant gastric GISTs exhibited significantly lower methylation degrees and concomitant high CD133 protein abundance compared with KIT -mutant GISTs from the small intestine. CD133 hypermethylation was documented in PDGFRA -mutant gastric GISTs along with low CD133 expression compared with KIT -mutant gastric GISTs. High CD133 expression was a prognosticator of shorter disease-free survival in all patients. In a subgroup of KIT -mutant gastric GISTs, low CD133 methylation degree was correlated with a shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest epigenetic regulation of CD133 expression by promoter methylation in GISTs. Pending further validation studies, high abundance of the protein can serve as a marker for malignant GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Geddert
- Institute for Pathology, St Vincentius Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Braun
- Institute for Pathology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kayser
- Institute for Pathology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Institute for Pathology, St Vincentius Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Faller
- Institute for Pathology, St Vincentius Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Moskalev
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
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Li Z, Yin S, Zhang L, Liu W, Chen B, Xing H. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of cancer stem cell marker CD133 in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:859-870. [PMID: 28243121 PMCID: PMC5317305 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s124733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of CD133 overexpression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in patients with breast cancer remains controversial. We thus performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the role of CD133 expression in the development and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (updated to August 1, 2016) were searched. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the impact of CD133 expression on clinicopathological features, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Results A total of 1,734 patients from 13 studies were subject to final analysis. The results showed a significant association between overexpression of CD133 and estrogen receptor status (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.70), progesterone receptor status (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.74), human epidermal growth factor-2 status (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.33–2.45), lymph node metastasis (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.34–2.92), and tumor histological grade (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.26–2.54) in breast cancer. However, no significant correlation was found between upregulation of CD133 expression and onset age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.70–1.53) or tumor size (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.80–2.09). Moreover, CD133-positive breast cancer patients had a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.21–3.03) and disease progression (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.05–6.95). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that CD133 might be a predictor of clinical outcomes as well as prognosis and could be a potentially new gene therapy target for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Songcheng Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | | | | | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Hua Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Ming Y, Li Y, Xing H, Luo M, Li Z, Chen J, Mo J, Shi S. Circulating Tumor Cells: From Theory to Nanotechnology-Based Detection. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:35. [PMID: 28203204 PMCID: PMC5285331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells with stem-cell properties are regarded as tumor initiating cells. Sharing stem-cell properties, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the development of metastasis, which significant affects CTC analysis in clinical practice. Due to their extremely low occurrence in blood, however, it is challenging to enumerate and analyze CTCs. Nanotechnology is able to address the problems of insufficient capture efficiency and low purity of CTCs owing to the unique structural and functional properties of nanomaterials, showing strong promise for CTC isolation and detection. In this review, we discuss the role of stem-like CTCs in metastases, provide insight into recent progress in CTC isolation and detection approaches using various nanoplatforms, and highlight the role of nanotechnology in the advancement of CTC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Minghe Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
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Alvarez Cubero MJ, Lorente JA, Robles-Fernandez I, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Puche JL, Serrano MJ. Circulating Tumor Cells: Markers and Methodologies for Enrichment and Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:283-303. [PMID: 28819860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of disease worldwide; however, nowadays many points of its initiation processes are unknown. In this chapter, we are focusing on the role of liquid biopsies in cancer detection and progression. CTCs are one of the main components of liquid biopsies, they represent a subset of tumor cells that have acquired the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor and intravasate to the circulatory system. The greatest challenge in the detection of CTCs is their rarity in the blood. Human blood consists of white blood cells (5-10 × 106/mL), red blood cells (5-9 × 109/mL), and platelets (2.5-4 × 108/mL); very few CTCs will be present even in patients with known metastatic disease, with often less than one CTC per mL of blood. CTCs are found in frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTCs per mL of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease, and it is reduced in half for non-metastatic stages. Therefore, accurate methodologies for their capture and analysis are really important. The main aim of the present chapter is to describe different methodologies for CTCs capturing and analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Survival
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Equipment Design
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Ficoll/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/immunology
- Keratins/metabolism
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - J A Lorente
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - I Robles-Fernandez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J L Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Serrano
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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Lee JS, Magbanua MJM, Park JW. Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: applications in personalized medicine. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 160:411-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chiu TK, Chou WP, Huang SB, Wang HM, Lin YC, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Application of optically-induced-dielectrophoresis in microfluidic system for purification of circulating tumour cells for gene expression analysis- Cancer cell line model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32851. [PMID: 27609546 DOI: 10.1038/srep32851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in a blood circulation system are associated with cancer metastasis. The analysis of the drug-resistance gene expression of cancer patients' CTCs holds promise for selecting a more effective therapeutic regimen for an individual patient. However, the current CTC isolation schemes might not be able to harvest CTCs with sufficiently high purity for such applications. To address this issue, this study proposed to integrate the techniques of optically induced dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force-based cell manipulation and fluorescent microscopic imaging in a microfluidic system to further purify CTCs after the conventional CTC isolation methods. In this study, the microfluidic system was developed, and its optimal operating conditions and performance for CTC isolation were evaluated. The results revealed that the presented system was able to isolate CTCs with cell purity as high as 100%, beyond what is possible using the previously existing techniques. In the analysis of CTC gene expression, therefore, this method could exclude the interference of leukocytes in a cell sample and accordingly contribute to higher analytical sensitivity, as demonstrated in this study. Overall, this study has presented an ODEP-based microfluidic system capable of simply and effectively isolating a specific cell species from a cell mixture.
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Su PJ, Wu MH, Wang HM, Lee CL, Huang WK, Wu CE, Chang HK, Chao YK, Tseng CK, Chiu TK. Circulating Tumour Cells as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy. Sci Rep. 2016;6:31423. [PMID: 27530152 PMCID: PMC4987675 DOI: 10.1038/srep31423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in advanced oesophageal cancer (EC) patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains uncertain. A negative selection protocol plus flow cytometry was validated to efficiently identify CTCs. The CTC number was calculated and analysed for survival impact. The protocol’s efficacy in CTC identification was validated with a recovery rate of 44.6 ± 9.1% and a coefficient of variation of 20.4%. Fifty-seven patients and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. Initial staging, first response to CRT, and surgery after CRT were prognostic for overall survival, with P values of <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively. The CTC number of EC patients is significantly higher (P = 0.04) than that of healthy donors. Multivariate analysis for disease-specific progression-free survival showed that surgery after response to CCRT, initial stage, and CTC number (≥21.0 cells/mL) played independent prognostic roles. For overall survival, surgery after CCRT, performance status, initial stage, and CTC number were significant independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, a negative selection plus flow cytometry protocol efficiently detected CTCs. The CTC number before CCRT was an independent prognostic factor in patients with unresectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Further large-scale prospective studies for validation are warranted.
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Girotra S, Yeghiazaryan K, Golubnitschaja O. Potential biomarker panels in overall breast cancer management: advancements by multilevel diagnostics. Per Med 2016; 13:469-484. [PMID: 29767597 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevalence has reached an epidemic scale with half a million deaths annually. Current deficits in BC management include predictive and preventive approaches, optimized screening programs, individualized patient profiling, highly sensitive detection technologies for more precise diagnostics and therapy monitoring, individualized prediction and effective treatment of BC metastatic disease. To advance BC management, paradigm shift from delayed to predictive, preventive and personalized medical services is essential. Corresponding step forwards requires innovative multilevel diagnostics procuring specific panels of validated biomarkers. Here, we discuss current instrumental advancements including genomics, proteomics, epigenetics, miRNA, metabolomics, circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells with a focus on biomarker discovery and multilevel diagnostic panels. A list of the recommended biomarker candidates is provided.
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Schmohl JU, Vallera DA. CD133, Selectively Targeting the Root of Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E165. [PMID: 27240402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of promoting tumor initiation and self-renewal, two important hallmarks of carcinoma formation. This population comprises a small percentage of the tumor mass and is highly resistant to chemotherapy, causing the most difficult problem in the field of cancer research, drug refractory relapse. Many CSC markers have been reported. One of the most promising and perhaps least ubiquitous is CD133, a membrane-bound pentaspan glycoprotein that is frequently expressed on CSC. There is evidence that directly targeting CD133 with biological drugs might be the most effective way to eliminate CSC. We have investigated two entirely unrelated, but highly effective approaches for selectively targeting CD133. The first involves using a special anti-CD133 single chain variable fragment (scFv) to deliver a catalytic toxin. The second utilizes this same scFv to deliver components of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the development and current status of these CD133 associated biological agents. Together, they show exceptional promise by specific and efficient CSC elimination.
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