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Broman MT, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantes C, Burnicka-Turek O, Lazarevic S, Gams A, Laforest B, Steimle JD, Iddir S, Wang Z, Smith L, Mazurek SR, Olivey HE, Zhou P, Gadek M, Shen KM, Khan Z, Theisen JWM, Yang XH, Ikegami K, Efimov IR, Pu WT, Weber CR, McNally EM, Svensson EC, Moskowitz IP. A Genomic Link From Heart Failure to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: FOG2 Modulates a TBX5/GATA4-Dependent Atrial Gene Regulatory Network. Circulation 2024; 149:1205-1230. [PMID: 38189150 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is clear, with up to half of patients with HF progressing to AF. The pathophysiological basis of AF in the context of HF is presumed to result from atrial remodeling. Upregulation of the transcription factor FOG2 (friend of GATA2; encoded by ZFPM2) is observed in human ventricles during HF and causes HF in mice. METHODS FOG2 expression was assessed in human atria. The effect of adult-specific FOG2 overexpression in the mouse heart was evaluated by whole animal electrophysiology, in vivo organ electrophysiology, cellular electrophysiology, calcium flux, mouse genetic interactions, gene expression, and genomic function, including a novel approach for defining functional transcription factor interactions based on overlapping effects on enhancer noncoding transcription. RESULTS FOG2 is significantly upregulated in the human atria during HF. Adult cardiomyocyte-specific FOG2 overexpression in mice caused primary spontaneous AF before the development of HF or atrial remodeling. FOG2 overexpression generated arrhythmia substrate and trigger in cardiomyocytes, including calcium cycling defects. We found that FOG2 repressed atrial gene expression promoted by TBX5. FOG2 bound a subset of GATA4 and TBX5 co-bound genomic locations, defining a shared atrial gene regulatory network. FOG2 repressed TBX5-dependent transcription from a subset of co-bound enhancers, including a conserved enhancer at the Atp2a2 locus. Atrial rhythm abnormalities in mice caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency were rescued by Zfpm2 haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional changes in the atria observed in human HF directly antagonize the atrial rhythm gene regulatory network, providing a genomic link between HF and AF risk independent of atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University (A.G., I.R.E.), Washington, DC
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Sabrina Iddir
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Linsin Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Stefan R Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Harold E Olivey
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary (H.E.O.)
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, China (P.Z.)
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Zoheb Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua W M Theisen
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.I.)
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University (A.G., I.R.E.), Washington, DC
| | - William T Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
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Lee C, Xu S, Samad T, Goodyer WR, Raissadati A, Heinrich P, Wu SM. The cardiac conduction system: History, development, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:157-200. [PMID: 38556422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development, establishing the circulatory infrastructure necessary to sustain life and enable downstream organogenesis. Critical to the heart's function is its ability to initiate and propagate electrical impulses that allow for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of its chambers, and thus, the movement of blood and nutrients. Several specialized structures within the heart, collectively known as the cardiac conduction system (CCS), are responsible for this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss the discovery and scientific history of the mammalian cardiac conduction system as well as the key genes and transcription factors implicated in the formation of its major structures. We also describe known human diseases related to CCS development and explore existing challenges in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sidra Xu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tahmina Samad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Mishra A, Tavasoli M, Sokolenko S, McMaster CR, Pasumarthi KB. Atrial natriuretic peptide signaling co-regulates lipid metabolism and ventricular conduction system gene expression in the embryonic heart. iScience 2024; 27:108748. [PMID: 38235330 PMCID: PMC10792247 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its high affinity receptor (NPRA) are involved in the formation of ventricular conduction system (VCS). Inherited genetic variants in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes are known to cause conduction abnormalities in newborn children. Although the effect of ANP on energy metabolism in noncardiac cell types is well documented, the role of lipid metabolism in VCS cell differentiation via ANP/NPRA signaling is not known. In this study, histological sections and primary cultures obtained from E11.5 mouse ventricles were analyzed to determine the role of metabolic adaptations in VCS cell fate determination and maturation. Exogenous treatment of E11.5 ventricular cells with ANP revealed a significant increase in lipid droplet accumulation, FAO and higher expression of VCS marker Cx40. Using specific inhibitors, we further identified PPARγ and FAO as critical downstream regulators of ANP-mediated regulation of metabolism and VCS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mahtab Tavasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stanislav Sokolenko
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Olejnickova V, Hamor PU, Janacek J, Bartos M, Zabrodska E, Sankova B, Kvasilova A, Kolesova H, Sedmera D. Development of ventricular trabeculae affects electrical conduction in the early endothermic heart. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:78-90. [PMID: 36400745 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventricular trabeculae play a role, among others, in the impulse spreading in ectothermic hearts. Despite the morphological similarity with the early developing hearts of endotherms, this trabecular function in mammalian and avian embryos was poorly addressed. RESULTS We simulated impulse propagation inside the looping ventricle and revealed delayed apical activation in the heart with inhibited trabecular growth. This finding was corroborated by direct imaging of the endocardial surface showing early activation within the trabeculae implying preferential spreading of depolarization along with them. Targeting two crucial pathways of trabecular formation (Neuregulin/ErbB and Nkx2.5), we showed that trabecular development is also essential for proper conduction patterning. Persistence of the slow isotropic conduction likely contributed to the pumping failure in the trabeculae-deficient hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the essential role of trabeculae in intraventricular impulse spreading and conduction patterning in the early endothermic heart. Lack of trabeculae leads to the failure of conduction parameters differentiation resulting in primitive ventricular activation with consequent impact on the cardiac pumping function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Olejnickova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Uriel Hamor
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janacek
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartos
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Stomatology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zabrodska
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Sankova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolesova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Wan X, Wang H, Qian Q, Yan J. MiR-133b as a crucial regulator of TCS-induced cardiotoxicity via activating β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122199. [PMID: 37467918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly used antibacterial agent in daily consumer products, triclosan (TCS) has attracted significant attention due to its potential environmental risks. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of TCS exposure (1.4 μM) on heart development in zebrafish embryos. Our findings revealed that TCS exposure caused significant cardiac dysfunction, characterized by pericardial edema, malformations in the heart structure, and a slow heart rate. Additionally, TCS exposure induced oxidative damage and abnormal apoptosis in heart cells through the up-regulation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathway genes (adrb1, adrb2a, arrb2b), similar to the effects induced by β-AR agonists. Notably, the adverse effects of TCS exposure were alleviated by β-AR antagonists. Using high-throughput transcriptome miRNA sequencing and targeted miRNA screening, we focused on miR-133b, which targets adrb1 and was down-regulated by TCS exposure, as a potential contributor to TCS-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of miR-133b produced similar toxic effects as TCS exposure, while overexpression of miR-133b down-regulated the β-AR signaling pathway and rescued heart defects caused by TCS. In summary, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxic effects of TCS. We suggest that targeting the β-AR pathway and miR-133b may be effective strategies for pharmacotherapy in cardiotoxicity induced by environmental pollutants such as TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Mfarej MG, Hyland CA, Sanchez AC, Falk MM, Iovine MK, Skibbens RV. Cohesin: an emerging master regulator at the heart of cardiac development. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:rs2. [PMID: 36947206 PMCID: PMC10162415 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are ATPase complexes that play central roles in cellular processes such as chromosome division, DNA repair, and gene expression. Cohesinopathies arise from mutations in cohesin proteins or cohesin complex regulators and encompass a family of related developmental disorders that present with a range of severe birth defects, affect many different physiological systems, and often lead to embryonic fatality. Treatments for cohesinopathies are limited, in large part due to the lack of understanding of cohesin biology. Thus, characterizing the signaling networks that lie upstream and downstream of cohesin-dependent pathways remains clinically relevant. Here, we highlight alterations in cohesins and cohesin regulators that result in cohesinopathies, with a focus on cardiac defects. In addition, we suggest a novel and more unifying view regarding the mechanisms through which cohesinopathy-based heart defects may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Mfarej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Caitlin A. Hyland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Annie C. Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Matthias M. Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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7
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Bersell KR, Yang T, Mosley JD, Glazer AM, Hale AT, Kryshtal DO, Kim K, Steimle JD, Brown JD, Salem JE, Campbell CC, Hong CC, Wells QS, Johnson AN, Short L, Blair MA, Behr ER, Petropoulou E, Jamshidi Y, Benson MD, Keyes MJ, Ngo D, Vasan RS, Yang Q, Gerszten RE, Shaffer C, Parikh S, Sheng Q, Kannankeril PJ, Moskowitz IP, York JD, Wang TJ, Knollmann BC, Roden DM. Transcriptional Dysregulation Underlies Both Monogenic Arrhythmia Syndrome and Common Modifiers of Cardiac Repolarization. Circulation 2023; 147:824-840. [PMID: 36524479 PMCID: PMC9992308 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome caused by loss-of-function variants in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A (sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5) in ≈20% of subjects. We identified a family with 4 individuals diagnosed with BrS harboring the rare G145R missense variant in the cardiac transcription factor TBX5 (T-box transcription factor 5) and no SCN5A variant. METHODS We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 2 members of a family carrying TBX5-G145R and diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. After differentiation to iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), electrophysiologic characteristics were assessed by voltage- and current-clamp experiments (n=9 to 21 cells per group) and transcriptional differences by RNA sequencing (n=3 samples per group), and compared with iPSC-CMs in which G145R was corrected by CRISPR/Cas9 approaches. The role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was elucidated by small molecule perturbation. The rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval association with serum PDGF was tested in the Framingham Heart Study cohort (n=1893 individuals). RESULTS TBX5-G145R reduced transcriptional activity and caused multiple electrophysiologic abnormalities, including decreased peak and enhanced "late" cardiac sodium current (INa), which were entirely corrected by editing G145R to wild-type. Transcriptional profiling and functional assays in genome-unedited and -edited iPSC-CMs showed direct SCN5A down-regulation caused decreased peak INa, and that reduced PDGF receptor (PDGFRA [platelet-derived growth factor receptor α]) expression and blunted signal transduction to PI3K was implicated in enhanced late INa. Tbx5 regulation of the PDGF axis increased arrhythmia risk due to disruption of PDGF signaling and was conserved in murine model systems. PDGF receptor blockade markedly prolonged normal iPSC-CM action potentials and plasma levels of PDGF in the Framingham Heart Study were inversely correlated with the QTc interval (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results not only establish decreased SCN5A transcription by the TBX5 variant as a cause of BrS, but also reveal a new general transcriptional mechanism of arrhythmogenesis of enhanced late sodium current caused by reduced PDGF receptor-mediated PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Bersell
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tao Yang
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew M Glazer
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Biochemistry (A.T.H., J.D.Y.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dmytro O Kryshtal
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (J.D.S., I.P.M.)
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (J-E.S.)
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculty of Medicine, France (J-E.S.)
| | - Courtney C Campbell
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.C.H.)
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Informatics (Q.S.W., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Amanda N Johnson
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.N.J.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Laura Short
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Marcia A Blair
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Evmorfia Petropoulou
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK (E.P., Y.J.)
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK (E.P., Y.J.)
| | - Mark D Benson
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.D.B.)
| | - Michelle J Keyes
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V., Q.Y.)
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Shaffer
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Shan Parikh
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (J.D.S., I.P.M.)
| | - John D York
- Biochemistry (A.T.H., J.D.Y.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Informatics (Q.S.W., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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8
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Crespo-García T, Cámara-Checa A, Dago M, Rubio-Alarcón M, Rapún J, Tamargo J, Delpón E, Caballero R. Regulation of cardiac ion channels by transcription factors: Looking for new opportunities of druggable targets for the treatment of arrhythmias. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115206. [PMID: 35963339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac electrical activity is governed by different ion channels that generate action potentials. Acquired or inherited abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ion channels usually result in electrophysiological changes that can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Transcription factors (TFs) control gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences adjacent to target genes. Linkage analysis, candidate-gene screening within families, and genome-wide association studies have linked rare and common genetic variants in the genes encoding TFs with genetically-determined cardiac arrhythmias. Besides its critical role in cardiac development, recent data demonstrated that they control cardiac electrical activity through the direct regulation of the expression and function of cardiac ion channels in adult hearts. This narrative review summarizes some studies showing functional data on regulation of the main human atrial and ventricular Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels by cardiac TFs such as Pitx2c, Tbx20, Tbx5, Zfhx3, among others. The results have improved our understanding of the mechanisms regulating cardiac electrical activity and may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in cardiac acquired or inherited arrhythmias through the identification of TFs as potential drug targets. Even though TFs have for a long time been considered as 'undruggable' targets, advances in structural biology have led to the identification of unique pockets in TFs amenable to be targeted with small-molecule drugs or peptides that are emerging as novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crespo-García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cámara-Checa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dago
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rubio-Alarcón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rapún
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Li J, Lee MO, Chen J, Davis BW, Dorshorst BJ, Siegel PB, Inaba M, Jiang TX, Chuong CM, Andersson L. Cis-acting mutation affecting GJA5 transcription is underlying the Melanotic within-feather pigmentation pattern in chickens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109363118. [PMID: 34607956 PMCID: PMC8521658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109363118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanotic (Ml) is a mutation in chickens that extends black (eumelanin) pigmentation in normally brown or red (pheomelanin) areas, thus affecting multiple within-feather patterns [J. W. Moore, J. R. Smyth Jr, J. Hered. 62, 215-219 (1971)]. In the present study, linkage mapping using a back-cross between Dark Cornish (Ml/Ml) and Partridge Plymouth Rock (ml+/ml+ ) chickens assigned Ml to an 820-kb region on chromosome 1. Identity-by-descent mapping, via whole-genome sequencing and diagnostic tests using a diverse set of chickens, refined the localization to the genomic region harboring GJA5 encoding gap-junction protein 5 (alias connexin 40) previously associated with pigmentation patterns in zebrafish. An insertion/deletion polymorphism located in the vicinity of the GJA5 promoter region was identified as the candidate causal mutation. Four different GJA5 transcripts were found to be expressed in feather follicles and at least two showed differential expression between genotypes. The results showed that Melanotic constitutes a cis-acting regulatory mutation affecting GJA5 expression. A recent study established the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) locus and the interaction between the MC1R receptor and its antagonist agouti-signaling protein as the primary mechanism underlying variation in within-feather pigmentation patterns in chickens. The present study advances understanding the mechanisms underlying variation in plumage color in birds because it demonstrates that the activity of connexin 40/GJA5 can modulate the periodic pigmentation patterns within individual feathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Benjamin J Dorshorst
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Masafumi Inaba
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Fan D, Pang S, Chen J, Shan J, Cheng Q, Yan B. Identification and functional study of GATA4 gene regulatory variants in atrial septal defects. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 34193080 PMCID: PMC8243876 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality from birth defects. In adult CHD patients with successful surgical repair, cardiac complications including heart failure develop at late stage, likely due to genetic causes. To date, many mutations in cardiac developmental genes have been associated with CHD. Recently, regulatory variants in genes have been linked to many human diseases. Although mutations and splicing variants in GATA4 gene have been reported in CHD patients, few regulatory variants of GATA4 gene are identified in CHD patients. Methods GATA4 gene regulatory region was investigated in the patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) (n = 332) and ethnic-matched controls (n = 336). Results Five heterozygous regulatory variants including four SNPs [g.31360 T>C (rs372004083), g.31436G>A, g.31437C>A (rs769262495), g.31487C>G (rs1053351749) and g.31856C>T (rs1385460518)] were only identified in ASD patients. Functional analysis indicated that the regulatory variants significantly affected the transcriptional activity of GATA4 gene promoter. Furthermore, two of the five regulatory variants have evidently effected on transcription factor binding sites. Conclusions Our data suggested that GATA4 gene regulatory variants may confer ASD susceptibility by decreasing GATA4 levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02136-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchen Fan
- Division of Medical Ultrasonics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiping Shan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Qianjin Cheng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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11
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Ribeiro da Silva A, Neri EA, Turaça LT, Dariolli R, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Santos-Miranda A, Roman-Campos D, Venturini G, Krieger JE. NOTCH1 is critical for fibroblast-mediated induction of cardiomyocyte specialization into ventricular conduction system-like cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16163. [PMID: 32999360 PMCID: PMC7527973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are present throughout the myocardium and are enriched in the microenvironment surrounding the ventricular conduction system (VCS). Several forms of arrhythmias are linked to VCS abnormalities, but it is still unclear whether VCS malformations are cardiomyocyte autonomous or could be linked to crosstalk between different cell types. We reasoned that fibroblasts influence cardiomyocyte specialization in VCS cells. We developed 2D and 3D culture models of neonatal rat cardiac cells to assess the influence of cardiac fibroblasts on cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes adjacent to cardiac fibroblasts showed a two-fold increase in expression of VCS markers (NAV1.5 and CONTACTIN 2) and calcium transient duration, displaying a Purkinje-like profile. Fibroblast-conditioned media (fCM) was sufficient to activate VCS-related genes (Irx3, Scn5a, Connexin 40) and to induce action potential prolongation, a hallmark of Purkinge phenotype. fCM-mediated response seemed to be spatially-dependent as cardiomyocyte organoids treated with fCM had increased expression of connexin 40 and NAV1.5 primarily on its outer surface. Finally, NOTCH1 activation in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts was required for connexin 40 up-regulation (a proxy of VCS phenotype). Altogether, we provide evidence that cardiac fibroblasts influence cardiomyocyte specialization into VCS-like cells via NOTCH1 signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elida A Neri
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro Thiago Turaça
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam H Fonseca-Alaniz
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Venturini
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Yang T, Huang Z, Li H, Wang L, Chen Y. Conjugated activation of myocardial-specific transcription of Gja5 by a pair of Nkx2-5-Shox2 co-responsive elements. Dev Biol 2020; 465:79-87. [PMID: 32687896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker in the heart. During cardiogenesis, Shox2 and Nkx2-5 are co-expressed in the junction domain of the SAN and regulate pacemaker cell fate through a Shox2-Nkx2-5 antagonism. Cx40 is a marker of working myocardium and an Nkx2-5 transcriptional output antagonized by Shox2, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here we characterized a bona fide myocardial-specific Gja5 (coding gene of Cx40) distal enhancer consisting of a pair of Nkx2-5 and Shox2 co-bound elements in the regulatory region of Gja5. Transgenic reporter assays revealed that neither element alone, but the conjugation of both elements together, drives myocardial-specific transcription. Genetic analyses confirmed that the activation of this enhancer depends on Nkx2-5 but is inhibited by Shox2 in vivo, and its presence is essential for Gja5 expression in the myocardium but not the endothelial cells of the heart. Furthermore, chromatin conformation analysis showed an Nkx2-5-dependent loop formation between these two elements and the Gja5 promoter in vivo, indicating that Nkx2-5 bridges the conjugated activation of this enhancer by pairing the two elements to the Gja5 promoter.
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13
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Laforest B, Dai W, Tyan L, Lazarevic S, Shen KM, Gadek M, Broman MT, Weber CR, Moskowitz IP. Atrial fibrillation risk loci interact to modulate Ca2+-dependent atrial rhythm homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4937-4950. [PMID: 31609246 DOI: 10.1172/jci124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), defined by disorganized atrial cardiac rhythm, is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with AF risk, including the cardiogenic transcription factor genes TBX5, GATA4, and NKX2-5. We report that Tbx5 and Gata4 interact with opposite signs for atrial rhythm controls compared with cardiac development. Using mouse genetics, we found that AF pathophysiology caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency, including atrial arrhythmia susceptibility, prolonged action potential duration, and ectopic cardiomyocyte depolarizations, were all rescued by Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In contrast, Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency showed no combinatorial effect. The molecular basis of the TBX5/GATA4 interaction included normalization of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium flux and expression of calcium channel genes Atp2a2 and Ryr2. Furthermore, GATA4 and TBX5 showed antagonistic interactions on an Ryr2 enhancer. Atrial rhythm instability caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency was rescued by a decreased dose of phospholamban, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, consistent with a role for decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux in Tbx5-dependent AF susceptibility. This work defines a link between Tbx5 dose, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux, and AF propensity. The unexpected interactions between Tbx5 and Gata4 in atrial rhythm control suggest that evaluating specific interactions between genetic risk loci will be necessary for ascertaining personalized risk from genetic association data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics.,Department of Pathology, and
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14
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major chronic complication of obesity and diabetes. Due to several patients with obesity and diabetes, it is necessary to urgently explore early diagnostic biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies to prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, microRNAs (also known as miRNAs) have emerged as important players in heart disease and energy regulation. MiRNAs are a group of small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by suppressing the translation of messenger RNA of target genes or by promoting mRNA degradation. These act as a class of potential biomarkers and may provide key information in diagnosing common diseases such as tumors, tissue damage, and autoimmune diseases. Among all the known miRNAs, microRNA-208 (miR-208) is specifically expressed in myocardial cells and showed close association with the development of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-208 in heart are still unclear. In this review, we highlighted the novel insights of miR-208 functions and associated mechanisms in the regulation of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Outpatient Clinic, ShanDong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, ShanDong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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15
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Wang S, Zhang J, He X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Su Q, Pang S, Zhang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Identification and functional analysis of genetic variants in TBX5 gene promoter in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 31775637 PMCID: PMC6880377 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a common complex disease. Although a great number of genetic loci and variants for CAD have been identified, genetic causes and underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Epidemiological studies have revealed that CAD incidence is strikingly higher in patients with congenital heart disease than that in normal population. T-box transcription factors play critical roles in embryonic development. In particular, TBX5 as a dosage-sensitive regulator is required for cardiac development and function. Thus, dysregulated TBX5 gene expression may be involved in CAD development. Methods TBX5 gene promoter was genetically and functionally analysed in large groups of AMI patients (n = 432) and ethnic-matched healthy controls (n = 448). Results Six novel heterozygous DNA sequence variants (DSVs) in the TBX5 gene promoter (g.4100A > G, g.4194G > A, g.4260 T > C, g.4367C > A, g.4581A > G and g.5004G > T) were found in AMI patients, but in none of controls. These DSVs significantly changed the activity of TBX5 gene promoter in cultured cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, three of the DSVs (g.4100A > G, g.4260 T > C and g.4581A > G) evidently modified the binding sites of unknown transcription factors. Conclusions The DSVs identified in AMI patients may alter TBX5 gene promoter activity and change TBX5 level, contributing to AMI development as a rare risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yexin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China. .,Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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16
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Chen J, Wang S, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B, Hawley RG. Functional genetic variants of the GATA4 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2861-2868. [PMID: 30720078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a common complex disease; however, the genetic causes remain largely unknown. Recent epidemiological investigations indicated that the incidence of CAD in patients with congenital heart diseases is markedly higher than that observed in healthy controls. It was therefore hypothesized that the dysregulated expression of cardiac developmental genes may be involved in CAD development. GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) serves essential roles in heart development and coronary vessel formation. In the present study, the GATA4 gene promoter was analyzed in patients with AMI (n=395) and in ethnically‑matched healthy controls (n=397). A total of 14 DNA variants were identified, including two single‑nucleotide polymorphisms. Three novel heterozygous DNA variants (g.31806C>T, g.31900G>C and g.32241C>T) were reported in three patients with AMI. These DNA variants significantly increased the activity of the GATA4 gene promoter. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the DNA variant g.32241C>T influenced the binding ability of transcription factors. Taken together, the DNA variants may alter GATA4 gene promoter activity and affect GATA4 levels, thus contributing to AMI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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17
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Ghosh LD, Jain A, Sundaresan NR, Chatterjee K. Elucidating molecular events underlying topography mediated cardiomyogenesis of stem cells on 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2018; 88:104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Aasen T, Johnstone S, Vidal-Brime L, Lynn KS, Koval M. Connexins: Synthesis, Post-Translational Modifications, and Trafficking in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051296. [PMID: 29701678 PMCID: PMC5983588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are tetraspan transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions and facilitate direct intercellular communication, a critical feature for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissues and organs. In addition, a growing number of gap junction-independent functions are being ascribed to these proteins. The connexin gene family is under extensive regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and undergoes numerous modifications at the protein level, including phosphorylation, which ultimately affects their trafficking, stability, and function. Here, we summarize these key regulatory events, with emphasis on how these affect connexin multifunctionality in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Scott Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VI 22908, USA.
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK.
| | - Laia Vidal-Brime
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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19
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Li S, Jiang Z, Wen L, Feng G, Zhong G. MicroRNA-208a-3p contributes to connexin40 remolding in human chronic atrial fibrillation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5355-5362. [PMID: 29285063 PMCID: PMC5740716 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that connexin40 (Cx40) remolding is involved in atrial fibrillation (AF). GJA5 encoding Cx40 is a potential target mRNA of microRNA-208a-3p (miR-208a-3p), as indicated by preliminary bioinformatics analyses. However, the exact effect of miR-208a-3p on Cx40 in human chronic AF has remained elusive. The present study demonstrated the role of miR-208a-3p in human chronic AF and further investigated the effect of miR-208a-3p on Cx40 expression. A total of 19 patients with AF and 18 patients with sinus rhythm (SR) were enrolled. The AC16 cell line was treated with miR-208a-3p inhibitor or mimics. The miR-208a-3p in right atrial appendage (RAA) tissues of patients was measured by in situ hybridization and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the expression of Cx40 in the RAA of patients and in AC16 cells treated with miR-208a-3p inhibitor or mimics were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. A luciferase assay was performed to confirm whether Cx40 was directly targeted by miR-208a-3p. The miR-208a-3p levels in patients with AF were significantly increased compared with those in patients with SR. Conversely, the Cx40 protein levels were significantly decreased and lateralization of Cx40 was observed in patients with AF. miR-208a-3p inhibitor led to a significant upregulation of the protein expression of Cx40 in AC16 cells, while miR-208a-3p mimics led to a significant downregulation. However, the luciferase assay demonstrated that GJA5 was not a direct target gene of miR-208a-3p. The findings still suggested that miR-208a-3p may be involved in human chronic AF by mediating atrial Cx40 remolding, and may represent a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Hypertension Division, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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20
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Khalil A, Tanos R, El-Hachem N, Kurban M, Bouvagnet P, Bitar F, Nemer G. A HAND to TBX5 Explains the Link Between Thalidomide and Cardiac Diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1416. [PMID: 28469241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Mutations only in few genes have been linked to some cases of CHD. Thalidomide was used by pregnant women for morning sickness but was removed from the market because it caused severe malformations including CHDs. We used both in silico docking software, and in vitro molecular and biochemical methods to document a novel interaction involving Thalidomide, TBX5, and HAND2. Thalidomide binds readily to TBX5 through amino acids R81, R82, and K226 all implicated in DNA binding. It reduces TBX5 binding to DNA by 40%, and suppresses TBX5 mediated activation of the NPPA and VEGF promoters by 70%. We documented a novel interaction between TBX5 and HAND2, and showed that a p.G202V HAND2 variant associated with CHD and coronary artery diseases found in a large Lebanese family with high consanguinity, drastically inhibited this interaction by 90%. Similarly, thalidomide inhibited the TBX5/HAND2 physical interaction, and the in silico docking revealed that the same amino acids involved in the interaction of TBX5 with DNA are also involved in its binding to HAND2. Our results establish a HAND2/TBX5 pathway implicated in heart development and diseases.
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21
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Al-Maqtari T, Hong KU, Vajravelu BN, Moktar A, Cao P, Moore JB, Bolli R. Transcription factor-induced activation of cardiac gene expression in human c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174242. [PMID: 28355297 PMCID: PMC5371315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transplantation of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) significantly alleviates post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction, generation of cardiomyocytes by exogenous CPCs in the recipient heart has often been limited. Inducing robust differentiation would be necessary for improving the efficacy of the regenerative cardiac cell therapy. We assessed the hypothesis that differentiation of human c-kit+ CPCs can be enhanced by priming them with cardiac transcription factors (TFs). We introduced five different TFs (Gata4, MEF2C, NKX2.5, TBX5, and BAF60C) into CPCs, either alone or in combination, and then examined the expression of marker genes associated with the major cardiac cell types using quantitative RT-PCR. When introduced individually, Gata4 and TBX5 induced a subset of myocyte markers. Moreover, Gata4 alone significantly induced smooth muscle cell and fibroblast markers. Interestingly, these gene expression changes brought by Gata4 were also accompanied by morphological changes. In contrast, MEF2C and NKX2.5 were largely ineffective in initiating cardiac gene expression in CPCs. Surprisingly, introduction of multiple TFs in different combinations mostly failed to act synergistically. Likewise, addition of BAF60C to Gata4 and/or TBX5 did not further potentiate their effects on cardiac gene expression. Based on our results, it appears that GATA4 is able to potentiate gene expression programs associated with multiple cardiovascular lineages in CPCs, suggesting that GATA4 may be effective in priming CPCs for enhanced differentiation in the setting of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al-Maqtari
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kyung U. Hong
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Bathri N. Vajravelu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Afsoon Moktar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Pengxiao Cao
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhu T, Qiao L, Wang Q, Mi R, Chen J, Lu Y, Gu J, Zheng Q. T-box family of transcription factor-TBX5, insights in development and disease. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:442-453. [PMID: 28337273 PMCID: PMC5340680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The T-box gene family refers to a group of transcription factors that share a highly conserved, sequence-specific DNA-binding domain (T-box) containing around 180-amino acids. According to HUGO gene nomenclature committee (HGNC), there are 18 T-box family members. These T-box genes have been implicated essential roles during embryogenesis and cardiac development, given their specific expression pattern in developing mammalian heart for several T-box genes, including TBX5. TBX5 is consisted of three transcriptional variants which cover 9 exons and encode two distinct isoforms that differ in N-terminus. TBX5 is probably the most frequently studied T-box gene over the past decade due to the typical cardiac defects observed in Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), which is caused by TBX5 mutation. Most of the mutations are within exons 3-7 where locate sequence coding for the T-box domain. Notably, a variety of cardiac defects, as well as abnormalities in limb and other organs have been seen in HOS syndrome with different kinds of TBX5 mutations, suggesting a heterogeneous disease mechanism. We have performed a meta-analysis of TBX5 and found a significant correlation between its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3825214 (A to G), and risk of atrial fibrillation and its subtypes, supporting TBX5 as a master transcription factor for cardiac development. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of this SNP identified several TFs that may be affected for their binding affinity with TBX5. Identification and characterization of more TBX5 mutations and SNPs hold promise for therapeutic strategy targeting TBX5 associated developmental abnormalities and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longwei Qiao
- The Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Mi
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Shekhar A, Lin X, Liu FY, Zhang J, Mo H, Bastarache L, Denny JC, Cox NJ, Delmar M, Roden DM, Fishman GI, Park DS. Transcription factor ETV1 is essential for rapid conduction in the heart. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4444-4459. [PMID: 27775552 DOI: 10.1172/jci87968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid impulse propagation in the heart is a defining property of pectinated atrial myocardium (PAM) and the ventricular conduction system (VCS) and is essential for maintaining normal cardiac rhythm and optimal cardiac output. Conduction defects in these tissues produce a disproportionate burden of arrhythmic disease and are major predictors of mortality in heart failure patients. Despite the clinical importance, little is known about the gene regulatory network that dictates the fast conduction phenotype. Here, we have used signal transduction and transcriptional profiling screens to identify a genetic pathway that converges on the NRG1-responsive transcription factor ETV1 as a critical regulator of fast conduction physiology for PAM and VCS cardiomyocytes. Etv1 was highly expressed in murine PAM and VCS cardiomyocytes, where it regulates expression of Nkx2-5, Gja5, and Scn5a, key cardiac genes required for rapid conduction. Mice deficient in Etv1 exhibited marked cardiac conduction defects coupled with developmental abnormalities of the VCS. Loss of Etv1 resulted in a complete disruption of the normal sodium current heterogeneity that exists between atrial, VCS, and ventricular myocytes. Lastly, a phenome-wide association study identified a link between ETV1 and bundle branch block and heart block in humans. Together, these results identify ETV1 as a critical factor in determining fast conduction physiology in the heart.
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24
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Liang X, Evans SM, Sun Y. Development of the cardiac pacemaker. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1247-59. [PMID: 27770149 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the dominant pacemaker of the heart. Abnormalities in SAN formation and function can cause sinus arrhythmia, including sick sinus syndrome and sudden death. A better understanding of genes and signaling pathways that regulate SAN development and function is essential to develop more effective treatment to sinus arrhythmia, including biological pacemakers. In this review, we briefly summarize the key processes of SAN morphogenesis during development, and focus on the transcriptional network that drives SAN development.
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25
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Greulich F, Trowe MO, Leffler A, Stoetzer C, Farin HF, Kispert A. Misexpression of Tbx18 in cardiac chambers of fetal mice interferes with chamber-specific developmental programs but does not induce a pacemaker-like gene signature. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:140-9. [PMID: 27180262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of cardiac excitation depends on a specialized group of cardiomyocytes at the venous pole of the heart, the sinoatrial node (SAN). The T-box transcription factor gene Tbx18 is expressed in the SAN myocardium and is required for formation of a large portion of the pacemaker. Previous studies suggested that Tbx18 is also sufficient to reprogram ventricular cardiomyocytes into SAN cells in rat, guinea-pig and pig hearts. To evaluate the consequences of misexpression of Tbx18 for imposing a nodal phenotype onto chamber myocardial cells in fetal mice, we used two independent conditional approaches with chamber-specific cre driver lines and an Hprt(Tbx18) misexpression allele. Myh6-Cre/+;Hprt(Tbx18/y) mice developed dilated atria with thickened walls, reduced right ventricles and septal defects that resulted in reduced embryonic and post-natal survival. Tagln-Cre/+;Hprt(Tbx18/y) mice exhibited slightly smaller hearts with rounded trabeculae that supported normal embryonic survival. Molecular analyses showed that the SAN gap junction and ion channel profile was not ectopically induced in chamber myocardium but the working myocardial gene program was partially inhibited in atria and ventricles of both misexpression models. Left atrial expression of Pitx2 was strongly repressed in Myh6-Cre/+;Hprt(Tbx18/y) embryos. We conclude that exclusion of Tbx18 expression from the developing atria and (right) ventricle is important to achieve normal cardiac left-right patterning and myocardial differentiation, and that Tbx18 is not sufficient to induce full SAN differentiation of chamber cardiomyocytes in fetal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Greulich
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, OE8050, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Stoetzer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, OE8050, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henner F Farin
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Zhang R, Tian X, Gao L, Li H, Yin X, Dong Y, Yang Y, Xia Y. Common Variants in the TBX5 Gene Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in a Chinese Han Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160467. [PMID: 27479212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PR interval variations have recently been associated with an increased risk of long-term atrial fibrillation (AF), heart block and all-cause mortality. Genome-wide association studies have linked the PR interval with several common variants in the TBX5 gene. Several variants in the TBX5 gene, including rs7312625 and rs883079, have been associated with AF. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBX5 gene, rs7312625 and rs883079, with AF in Chinese Han patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this case-control association study, large cohorts of AF patients (n = 1132) and controls (n = 1206) were recruited from different hospitals. The genotyping was performed using a Rotor-Gene TM 6000 high-resolution melt system. Rs7312625, rs3825214 and rs883079 were analyzed. We found that SNP 3825214 was significantly associated with AF (P-obs = 0.002, odds ratio [OR] = 0.82), and lone AF (P-obs = 6.77x10-5, odds ratio [OR] = 0.71). SNP rs7312625 was significantly associated with lone AF (P-obs = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 1.27), although its association with AF was not significant. No significant association of SNP rs883079 with AF or lone AF was observed. Thus, we analyzed the interaction among these three loci. We demonstrated significant interaction among rs3825214, rs7312625 and rs883079. Four-locus risk alleles showed the highest odds ratio in combined rs3825214 and rs7312625 (P-obs<0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.21). Six-locus risk alleles showed the highest odds ratio in combined rs3825214, rs7312625 and rs 883079(P-obs<0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.35). Significance was established with the trend test (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report the strong association of SNP rs3825214 in the TBX5 gene with AF and lone AF in a Chinese Han population. Rs7312625 was significantly associated with lone AF, and snp-snp interaction increased the risk of atrial fibrillation. Our data might provide new insights into understanding AF pathogenesis and designing novel genetic therapies for AF patients.
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Pálóczi J, Varga ZV, Apáti Á, Szebényi K, Sarkadi B, Madonna R, De Caterina R, Csont T, Eschenhagen T, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016:4298945. [PMID: 27403231 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4298945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cardiomyocytes are one of the useful screening platforms of potential cardiocytoprotective molecules. However, little is known about the behavior of these cardiomyocytes in simulated ischemia/reperfusion conditions. In this study, we have tested the cytoprotective effect of an NO donor and the brain type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a screening platform based first on differentiated embryonic bodies (EBs, 6 + 4 days) and then on more differentiated cardiomyocytes (6 + 24 days), both derived from hESCs. Methods. Both types of hESC-derived cells were exposed to 150 min simulated ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion. Cell viability was assessed by propidium iodide staining. The following treatments were applied during simulated ischemia in differentiated EBs: the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 M), BNP (10−9, 10−8, and 10−7 M), and the nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10−5 M). Results. SNAP (10−6, 10−5 M) significantly attenuated cell death in differentiated EBs. However, simulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell death was not affected by BNP or by L-NNA. In separate experiments, SNAP (10−6 M) also protected hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusions. We conclude that SNAP, but not BNP, protects differentiated EBs or cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present screening platform is a useful tool for discovery of cardiocytoprotective molecules and their cellular mechanisms.
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GUO DONGFENG, LI RUOGU, YUAN FANG, SHI HONGYU, HOU XUMIN, QU XINKAI, XU YINGJIA, ZHANG MIN, LIU XU, JIANG JINQI, YANG YIQING, QIU XINGBIAO. TBX5 loss-of-function mutation contributes to atrial fibrillation and atypical Holt-Oram syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4349-56. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ma JF, Yang F, Mahida SN, Zhao L, Chen X, Zhang ML, Sun Z, Yao Y, Zhang YX, Zheng GY, Dong J, Feng MJ, Zhang R, Sun J, Li S, Wang QS, Cao H, Benjamin EJ, Ellinor PT, Li YG, Tian XL. TBX5 mutations contribute to early-onset atrial fibrillation in Chinese and Caucasians. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:442-50. [PMID: 26762269 PMCID: PMC4752043 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia with an important heritable aspect. The genetic factors underlying AF have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened six candidate genes (CAV1, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, NKX2.5, PITX2, and TBX5) for novel mutations in 139 patients of Chinese descent with early-onset AF and 576 controls. Four missense TBX5 mutations, p.R355C, p.Q376R, p.A428S, and p.S372L, were identified in evolutionarily conserved regions. We did not find any mutations in CAV1, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, NKX2.5, and PITX2. These mutations increased the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and connexin-40 (CX40) in the primarily cultured rat atrial myocytes but did not alter the expression of cardiac structural genes, atrial myosin heavy chain-α (MHC-α) and myosin light chain-2α (MLC-2α). Overexpression of p.R355C developed an atrial arrhythmia suggestive of paroxysmal AF in the zebrafish model. To replicate our findings, we screened TBX5 in 527 early-onset AF cases from the Massachusetts General Hospital AF study. A novel TBX5 deletion (ΔAsp118, p.D118del) was identified, while no TBX5 mutations were identified in 1176 control subjects. CONCLUSION Our results provide both genetic and functional evidence to support the contribution of TBX5 gene in the pathogenesis of AF. The potential mechanism of arrhythmia may be due in part to the disturbed expression of ANP and CX40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Saagar N Mahida
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ningbo First Hospital and Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, 59 Liuting St., Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Michael L Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhijun Sun
- Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gu-Yan Zheng
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming-Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ningbo First Hospital and Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, 59 Liuting St., Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qun-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA Preventive Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing 100871, China
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Furtado MB, Wilmanns JC, Chandran A, Tonta M, Biben C, Eichenlaub M, Coleman HA, Berger S, Bouveret R, Singh R, Harvey RP, Ramialison M, Pearson JT, Parkington HC, Rosenthal NA, Costa MW. A novel conditional mouse model for Nkx2-5 reveals transcriptional regulation of cardiac ion channels. Differentiation 2016; 91:29-41. [PMID: 26897459 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nkx2-5 is one of the master regulators of cardiac development, homeostasis and disease. This transcription factor has been previously associated with a suite of cardiac congenital malformations and impairment of electrical activity. When disease causative mutations in transcription factors are considered, NKX2-5 gene dysfunction is the most common abnormality found in patients. Here we describe a novel mouse model and subsequent implications of Nkx2-5 loss for aspects of myocardial electrical activity. In this work we have engineered a new Nkx2-5 conditional knockout mouse in which flox sites flank the entire Nkx2-5 locus, and validated this line for the study of heart development, differentiation and disease using a full deletion strategy. While our homozygous knockout mice show typical embryonic malformations previously described for the lack of the Nkx2-5 gene, hearts of heterozygous adult mice show moderate morphological and functional abnormalities that are sufficient to sustain blood supply demands under homeostatic conditions. This study further reveals intriguing aspects of Nkx2-5 function in the control of cardiac electrical activity. Using a combination of mouse genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 regulates the gene encoding Kcnh2 channel and others, shedding light on potential mechanisms generating electrical abnormalities observed in patients bearing NKX2-5 dysfunction and opening opportunities to the study of novel therapeutic targets for anti-arrhythmogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Mary Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Romaric Bouveret
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reena Singh
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | | | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY England, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States.
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31
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Zhou YM, Dai XY, Qiu XB, Yuan F, Li RG, Xu YJ, Qu XK, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ. HAND1 loss-of-function mutation associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1161-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND1 is essential for cardiac development and structural remodeling, and mutations in HAND1 have been causally linked to various congenital heart diseases. However, whether genetically compromised HAND1 predisposes to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans remains unknown.The whole coding region and splicing junctions of theA novel heterozygous HAND1 mutation, p.R105X, was identified in a family with DCM transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was absent in 520 control chromosomes. Functional analyses unveiled that the mutant HAND1 had no transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation abolished the synergistic activation between HAND1 and GATA4, another crucial cardiac transcription factors that has been associated with various congenital cardiovascular malformations and DCM.This study firstly reports the association of HAND1 loss-of-function mutation with increased susceptibility to DCM in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning DCM.
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Wang ZC, Ji WH, Ruan CW, Liu XY, Qiu XB, Yuan F, Li RG, Xu YJ, Liu X, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ. Prevalence and Spectrum of TBX5 Mutation in Patients with Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:60-7. [PMID: 26917986 PMCID: PMC4747871 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice, is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Aggregating evidence demonstrates that abnormal cardiovascular development is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. A recent study has revealed that the TBX5 gene, which encodes a T-box transcription factor key to cardiovascular development, was associated with AF and atypical Holt-Oram syndrome. However, the prevalence and spectrum of TBX5 mutation in patients with lone AF remain unclear. In this study, the coding regions and splicing junction sites of TBX5 were sequenced in 192 unrelated patients with lone AF and 300 unrelated ethnically-matched healthy individuals used as controls. The causative potential of the identified TBX5 variation was evaluated by MutationTaster and PolyPhen-2. The functional effect of the mutant TBX5 was assayed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous TBX5 mutation, p.H170D, was identified in a patient, with a mutational prevalence of approximately 0.52%. This mutation, which was absent in the 300 control individuals, altered the amino acid completely conserved evolutionarily across species, and was predicted to be disease-causing. Functional deciphers showed that the mutant TBX5 was associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity when compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation significantly decreased the synergistic activation between TBX5 and NKX2-5 or GATA4. The findings expand the mutational spectrum of TBX5 linked to AF and provide new evidence that dysfunctional TBX5 may contribute to lone AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Cheng Wang
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ji
- 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Huajing Community Health Service Center of Xu Hui Distric, 180 Jianhua Road, Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Chang-Wu Ruan
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- 3. Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xu Liu
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ru-Tai Huang
- 5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Song Xue
- 5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- 4. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China;; 6. Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China;; 7. Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Zafir A, Bradley JA, Long BW, Muthusamy S, Li Q, Hill BG, Wysoczynski M, Prabhu SD, Bhatnagar A, Bolli R, Jones SP. O-GlcNAcylation Negatively Regulates Cardiomyogenic Fate in Adult Mouse Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142939. [PMID: 26565625 PMCID: PMC4643874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In both preclinical and clinical studies, cell transplantation of several cell types is used to promote repair of damaged organs and tissues. Nevertheless, despite the widespread use of such strategies, there remains little understanding of how the efficacy of cell therapy is regulated. We showed previously that augmentation of a unique, metabolically derived stress signal (i.e., O-GlcNAc) improves survival of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells; however, it is not known whether enhancing O-GlcNAcylation affects lineage commitment or other aspects of cell competency. In this study, we assessed the role of O-GlcNAc in differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Exposure of these cells to routine differentiation protocols in culture increased markers of the cardiomyogenic lineage such as Nkx2.5 and connexin 40, and augmented the abundance of transcripts associated with endothelial and fibroblast cell fates. Differentiation significantly decreased the abundance of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. To determine if O-GlcNAc is involved in stromal cell differentiation, O-GlcNAcylation was increased pharmacologically during the differentiation protocol. Although elevated O-GlcNAc levels did not significantly affect fibroblast and endothelial marker expression, acquisition of cardiomyocyte markers was limited. In addition, increasing O-GlcNAcylation further elevated smooth muscle actin expression. In addition to lineage commitment, we also evaluated proliferation and migration, and found that increasing O-GlcNAcylation did not significantly affect either; however, we found that O-GlcNAc transferase--the protein responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins--is at least partially required for maintaining cellular proliferative and migratory capacities. We conclude that O-GlcNAcylation contributes significantly to cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell lineage and function. O-GlcNAcylation and pathological conditions that may affect O-GlcNAc levels (such as diabetes) should be considered carefully in the context of cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafir
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - James A. Bradley
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bethany W. Long
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Senthilkumar Muthusamy
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Qianhong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Jones
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Stefanovic S, Christoffels VM. GATA-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic control of cardiac lineage specification and differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3871-81. [PMID: 26126786 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart progenitor cells differentiate into various cell types including pacemaker and working cardiomyocytes. Cell-type specific gene expression is achieved by combinatorial interactions between tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs), co-factors, and chromatin remodelers and DNA binding elements in regulatory regions. Dysfunction of these transcriptional networks may result in congenital heart defects. Functional analysis of the regulatory DNA sequences has contributed substantially to the identification of the transcriptional network components and combinatorial interactions regulating the tissue-specific gene programs. GATA TFs have been identified as central players in these networks. In particular, GATA binding elements have emerged as a platform to recruit broadly active histone modification enzymes and cell-type-specific co-factors to drive cell-type-specific gene programs. Here, we discuss the role of GATA factors in cell fate decisions and differentiation in the developing heart.
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Sun H, Lü S, Jiang XX, Li X, Li H, Lin Q, Mou Y, Zhao Y, Han Y, Zhou J, Wang C. Carbon nanotubes enhance intercalated disc assembly in cardiac myocytes via the β1-integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2015; 55:84-95. [PMID: 25934454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer a new paradigm for constructing functional cardiac patches and repairing myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about how CNTs enhance the mechanical integrity and electrophysiological function of cardiac myocytes. To address this issue, we investigated the regularity and precise mechanism of the influence of CNTs on the assembly of intercalated disc (IDs). Here, single walled CNTs incorporated into collagen substrates were utilized as growth supports for neonatal cardiomyocytes, which enhanced cardiomyocyte adhesion and maturation. Furthermore, through the use of immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and intracellular calcium transient measurement, we discovered that the addition of CNTs remarkably increased ID-related protein expression and enhanced ID assembly and functionality. On that basis, we further explored the underlying mechanism for how CNTs enhanced ID assembly through the use of immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. We found that the β1-integrin-mediated signaling pathway mediated CNT-induced upregulation of electrical and mechanical junction proteins. Notably, CNTs remarkably accelerated gap junction formation via activation of the β1-integrin-mediated FAK/ERK/GATA4 pathway. These findings provide valuable insight into the mechanistic effects that CNTs have on neonatal cardiomyocyte performance and will have a significant impact on the future of nanomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Sun
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China; Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610083, PR China
| | - Shuanghong Lü
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Lin
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yongchao Mou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yao Han
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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36
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Abstract
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common congenital abnormality and its classification varies among geneticists and hand surgeons. For example, the triphalangeal thumb, preaxial polysyndactyly, and the mirror hand deformity are considered as forms of PPD only in the genetics literature. Preaxial polydactyly is an error in the anteroposterior axis of the development of the upper limb. In this paper, the development of this axis is detailed and all molecular events that are known to lead to PPD are reviewed. Finally, based on the review, PPD is viewed as a spectrum of severity of embryonic events.
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37
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Abstract
Gap junctions are essential to the function of multicellular animals, which require a high degree of coordination between cells. In vertebrates, gap junctions comprise connexins and currently 21 connexins are known in humans. The functions of gap junctions are highly diverse and include exchange of metabolites and electrical signals between cells, as well as functions, which are apparently unrelated to intercellular communication. Given the diversity of gap junction physiology, regulation of gap junction activity is complex. The structure of the various connexins is known to some extent; and structural rearrangements and intramolecular interactions are important for regulation of channel function. Intercellular coupling is further regulated by the number and activity of channels present in gap junctional plaques. The number of connexins in cell-cell channels is regulated by controlling transcription, translation, trafficking, and degradation; and all of these processes are under strict control. Once in the membrane, channel activity is determined by the conductive properties of the connexin involved, which can be regulated by voltage and chemical gating, as well as a large number of posttranslational modifications. The aim of the present article is to review our current knowledge on the structure, regulation, function, and pharmacology of gap junctions. This will be supported by examples of how different connexins and their regulation act in concert to achieve appropriate physiological control, and how disturbances of connexin function can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Schak Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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38
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Brody MJ, Cho E, Mysliwiec MR, Kim TG, Carlson CD, Lee KH, Lee Y. Lrrc10 is a novel cardiac-specific target gene of Nkx2-5 and GATA4. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:237-46. [PMID: 23751912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac gene expression is precisely regulated and its perturbation causes developmental defects and heart disease. Leucine-rich repeat containing 10 (Lrrc10) is a cardiac-specific factor that is crucial for proper cardiac development and deletion of Lrrc10 in mice results in dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms regulating Lrrc10 expression in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. Therefore, we set out to determine trans-acting factors and cis-elements critical for mediating Lrrc10 expression. We identify Lrrc10 as a transcriptional target of Nkx2-5 and GATA4. The Lrrc10 promoter region contains two highly conserved cardiac regulatory elements, which are functional in cardiomyocytes but not in fibroblasts. In vivo, Nkx2-5 and GATA4 endogenously occupy the proximal and distal cardiac regulatory elements of Lrrc10 in the heart. Moreover, embryonic hearts of Nkx2-5 knockout mice have dramatically reduced expression of Lrrc10. These data demonstrate the importance of Nkx2-5 and GATA4 in regulation of Lrrc10 expression in vivo. The proximal cardiac regulatory element located at around -200bp is synergistically activated by Nkx2-5 and GATA4 while the distal cardiac regulatory element present around -3kb requires SRF in addition to Nkx2-5 and GATA4 for synergistic activation. Mutational analyses identify a pair of adjacent Nkx2-5 and GATA binding sites within the proximal cardiac regulatory element that are necessary to induce expression of Lrrc10. In contrast, only the GATA site is functional in the distal regulatory element. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the transcription factors Nkx2-5 and GATA4 cooperatively regulate cardiac-specific expression of Lrrc10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brody
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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39
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Salameh A, Blanke K, Daehnert I. Role of connexins in human congenital heart disease: the chicken and egg problem. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:70. [PMID: 23760510 PMCID: PMC3669755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn cardiac diseases are among the most frequent congenital anomalies and are the main cause of death in infants within the first year of age in industrialized countries when not adequately treated. They can be divided into simple and complex cardiac malformations. The former ones, for instance atrial and ventricular septal defects, valvular or subvalvular stenosis or insufficiency account for up to 80% of cardiac abnormalities. The latter ones, for example transposition of the great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot or Shone’s anomaly often do not involve only the heart, but also the great vessels and although occurring less frequently, these severe cardiac malformations will become symptomatic within the first months of age and have a high risk of mortality if the patients remain untreated. In the last decade, there is increasing evidence that cardiac gap junction proteins, the connexins (Cx), might have an impact on cardiac anomalies. In the heart, mainly three of them (Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are differentially expressed with regard to temporal organogenesis and to their spatial distribution in the heart. These proteins, forming gap junction channels, are most important for a normal electrical conduction and coordinated synchronous heart muscle contraction and also for the normal embryonic development of the heart. Animal and also some human studies revealed that at least in some cardiac malformations alterations in certain gap junction proteins are present but until today no particular gap junction mutation could be assigned to a specific cardiac anomaly. As gap junctions have often been supposed to transmit growth and differentiation signals from cell to cell it is reasonable to assume that they are somehow involved in misdirected growth present in many inborn heart diseases playing a primary or contributory role. This review addresses the potentional role of gap junctions in the development of inborn heart anomalies like the conotruncal heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Salameh
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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40
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Costa MW, Guo G, Wolstein O, Vale M, Castro ML, Wang L, Otway R, Riek P, Cochrane N, Furtado M, Semsarian C, Weintraub RG, Yeoh T, Hayward C, Keogh A, Macdonald P, Feneley M, Graham RM, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Rosenthal N, Fatkin D, Harvey RP. Functional characterization of a novel mutation in NKX2-5 associated with congenital heart disease and adult-onset cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:238-47. [PMID: 23661673 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor NKX2-5 is crucial for heart development, and mutations in this gene have been implicated in diverse congenital heart diseases and conduction defects in mouse models and humans. Whether NKX2-5 mutations have a role in adult-onset heart disease is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Mutation screening was performed in 220 probands with adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Six NKX2-5 coding sequence variants were identified, including 3 nonsynonymous variants. A novel heterozygous mutation, I184M, located within the NKX2-5 homeodomain, was identified in 1 family. A subset of family members had congenital heart disease, but there was an unexpectedly high prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Functional analysis of I184M in vitro demonstrated a striking increase in protein expression when transfected into COS-7 cells or HL-1 cardiomyocytes because of reduced degradation by the Ubiquitin-proteasome system. In functional assays, DNA-binding activity of I184M was reduced, resulting in impaired activation of target genes despite increased expression levels of mutant protein. CONCLUSIONS Certain NKX2-5 homeodomain mutations show abnormal protein degradation via the Ubiquitin-proteasome system and partially impaired transcriptional activity. We propose that this class of mutation can impair heart development and mature heart function and contribute to NKX2-5-related cardiomyopathies with graded severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro W Costa
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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41
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42
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Abstract
Disturbances in gene expression as a result of perturbed transcription or posttranscriptional regulation is one of the main causes of cellular dysfunction that underlies different disease states. Approximately a decade ago, the discovery of microRNAs in mammalian cells has renewed our focus on posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms during pathogenesis. These tiny posttranscriptional regulators are differentially expressed in almost every disease that has been studied to date and can modulate expression of a gene via specifically binding to its messenger RNA. Because of their capacity to simultaneously target multiple functionally related, genes, they are proving to be potentially powerful therapeutic agents/targets. In this review, we focus on the microRNAs that are differentially regulated in the more common cardiovascular pathologies, their targets, and potential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdellatif
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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43
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Goldhawk DE, Rohani R, Sengupta A, Gelman N, Prato FS. Using the magnetosome to model effective gene-based contrast for magnetic resonance imaging. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012; 4:378-88. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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44
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Abstract
The developmental role of the T-box transcription factor Tbx1 is exquisitely dosage-sensitive. In this study, we performed a microarray-based transcriptome analysis of E9.5 embryo tissues across a previously generated Tbx1 mouse allelic series. This analysis identified several genes whose expression was affected by Tbx1 dosage. Interestingly, we found that the expression of the gene encoding the cardiogenic transcription factor Mef2c was negatively correlated to Tbx1 dosage. In vivo data revealed Mef2c up-regulation in the second heart field (SHF) of Tbx1 null mutant embryos compared with wild-type littermates at E9.5. Conversely, Mef2c expression was decreased in the SHF and in somites of Tbx1 gain-of-function mutants. These results are consistent with the described role of Tbx1 in suppressing cardiac progenitor cell differentiation and indicate also a negative effect of Tbx1 on Mef2c during skeletal muscle differentiation. We show that Tbx1 occupies conserved regulatory regions of the Mef2c locus, suggesting a direct effect on Mef2c transcription. However, we also show that Tbx1 interferes with the Gata4→ Mef2c regulatory pathway. Overall, our study uncovered a target of Tbx1 with critical developmental roles, so highlighting the power of the dosage gradient approach that we used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Simona Pane
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
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45
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Oyamada M, Takebe K, Oyamada Y. Regulation of connexin expression by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1828:118-33. [PMID: 22244842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions are specialized cell-cell junctions that directly link the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. They mediate the direct transfer of metabolites and ions from one cell to another. Discoveries of human genetic disorders due to mutations in gap junction protein (connexin [Cx]) genes and experimental data on connexin knockout mice provide direct evidence that gap junctional intercellular communication is essential for tissue functions and organ development, and that its dysfunction causes diseases. Connexin-related signaling also involves extracellular signaling (hemichannels) and non-channel intracellular signaling. Thus far, 21 human genes and 20 mouse genes for connexins have been identified. Each connexin shows tissue- or cell-type-specific expression, and most organs and many cell types express more than one connexin. Connexin expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein. In recent years, it has become clear that epigenetic processes are also essentially involved in connexin gene expression. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on regulation of connexin expression by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The communicating junctions, roles and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Oyamada
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fuji Women's University, Ishikarishi, Japan.
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46
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Lui WY, Cheng CY. Transcriptional regulation of cell adhesion at the blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis in the testis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 763:281-94. [PMID: 23397630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves precise co-ordination of multiple cellular events that take place in the seminiferous epithelium composed of Sertoli cells and developing germ cells during the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Given the cyclic and co-ordinated nature of spermatogenesis, temporal and spatial expression of certain genes pertinent to a specific cellular event are essential. As such, transcriptional regulation is one of the major regulatory machineries in controlling the cell type- and stage-specific gene expression, some of which are under the influence of gonadotropins (e.g., FSH and LH) and sex steroids (e.g., testosterone and estradiol-17beta). Recent findings regarding transcriptional control of spermatogenesis, most notably target genes at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-spermatid interface at the site of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and apical ectoplasmic specialization (apical ES), respectively, involving in cell adhesion are reviewed and discussed herein. This is a much neglected area of research and a concerted effort by investigators is needed to understand transcriptional regulation of cell adhesion function in the testis particularly at the BTB during spermatogenesis.
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47
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Abstract
The appearance of multicellular organisms imposed the development of several mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication, whereby different types of cells coordinate their function. Some of these mechanisms depend on the intercellular diffusion of signal molecules in the extracellular spaces, whereas others require cell-to-cell contact. Among the latter mechanisms, those provided by the proteins of the connexin family are widespread in most tissues. Connexin signaling is achieved via direct exchanges of cytosolic molecules between adjacent cells at gap junctions, for cell-to-cell coupling, and possibly also involves the formation of membrane "hemi-channels," for the extracellular release of cytosolic signals, direct interactions between connexins and other cell proteins, and coordinated influence on the expression of multiple genes. Connexin signaling appears to be an obligatory attribute of all multicellular exocrine and endocrine glands. Specifically, the experimental evidence we review here points to a direct participation of the Cx36 isoform in the function of the insulin-producing β-cells of the endocrine pancreas, and of the Cx40 isoform in the function of the renin-producing juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells of the kidney cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Bosco
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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48
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Costa MW, Lee S, Furtado MB, Xin L, Sparrow DB, Martinez CG, Dunwoodie SL, Kurtenbach E, Mohun T, Rosenthal N, Harvey RP. Complex SUMO-1 regulation of cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24812. [PMID: 21931855 PMCID: PMC3171482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible post-translational protein modifications such as SUMOylation add complexity to cardiac transcriptional regulation. The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5/Csx is essential for heart specification and morphogenesis. It has been previously suggested that SUMOylation of lysine 51 (K51) of Nkx2-5 is essential for its DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Here, we confirm that SUMOylation strongly enhances Nkx2-5 transcriptional activity and that residue K51 of Nkx2-5 is a SUMOylation target. However, in a range of cultured cell lines we find that a point mutation of K51 to arginine (K51R) does not affect Nkx2-5 activity or DNA binding, suggesting the existence of additional Nkx2-5 SUMOylated residues. Using biochemical assays, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 is SUMOylated on at least one additional site, and this is the predominant site in cardiac cells. The second site is either non-canonical or a "shifting" site, as mutation of predicted consensus sites and indeed every individual lysine in the context of the K51R mutation failed to impair Nkx2-5 transcriptional synergism with SUMO, or its nuclear localization and DNA binding. We also observe SUMOylation of Nkx2-5 cofactors, which may be critical to Nkx2-5 regulation. Our data reveal highly complex regulatory mechanisms driven by SUMOylation to modulate Nkx2-5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro W Costa
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Reprogramming of gene expression underlies the mechanisms involved in cardiac pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are unique posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression whose function in cardiac development and disease has recently begun to unravel. In addition, they are potentially highly effective therapeutic tools. In this review, we will summarize the recent advancements in the field. RECENT FINDINGS The cardiac-enriched miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-133, and miR-208, as well as the ubiquitous miR-23a and miR-199b, play major roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. On the other hand, miR-21, miR-199a, miR-210, and miR-494 have been proven critical for the myocytes' adaptation and survival during hypoxia/ischemia. Using depletion or replacement strategies against some of these miRNAs has proven very effective in preventing or even reversing some disorders. These findings and more will be detailed in this review. SUMMARY In general, the discovery of miRNAs has uncovered a new dimension of gene regulation that provides us with unique mechanistic insights into cardiac diseases, in addition to which they can be utilized for new diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
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50
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that have recently introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. There are currently over 10,000 miRNAs that have been identified in a range of species including metazoa, mycetozoa, viridiplantae, and viruses, of which 940, to date, are found in humans. It is estimated that more than 60% of human protein-coding genes harbor miRNA target sites in their 3′ untranslated region and, thus, are potentially regulated by these molecules in health and disease. This review will first briefly describe the discovery, structure, and mode of function of miRNAs in mammalian cells, before elaborating on their roles and significance during development and pathogenesis in the various mammalian organs, while attempting to reconcile their functions with our existing knowledge of their targets. Finally, we will summarize some of the advances made in utilizing miRNAs in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Sayed
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Maha Abdellatif
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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