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Castro ET, Alves AG, de Bittencourt Maia D, Magalhães LS, Paim MP, Penteado F, Gomes CS, Lenardão EJ, Brüning CA, Bortolatto CF. Bioactivity of selenium-containing pyridinium salts: Prospecting future pharmaceutical constituents to treat liver diseases involving oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23535. [PMID: 37711070 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress that causes irreversible cellular damage. The incorporation of the antioxidant element selenium (Se) in the structure of pyridinium salts has been used as a strategy in chemical synthesis and can be useful in drug development. We investigated the antioxidant activity of Se-containing pyridinium salts (named Compounds 3A, 3B, and 3C) through in vitro tests. We focused our study on liver protein carbonylation, liver lipoperoxidation, free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil [DPPH]; 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS]), and enzyme-mimetic activity assays (glutathione S-transferase [GST]-like; superoxide dismutase [SOD]-like). In addition, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-((phenylselanyl)methyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (3C) was selected to evaluate the acute oral toxicity in mice due to the best antioxidant profile. The three compounds were effective in reducing the levels of protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation in the liver in a µM concentration range. All compounds demonstrated scavenger activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and GST-like action. No significant effects were detected in the SOD-like assay. Experimental data also showed that the acute oral treatment of mice with Compound 3C (50 and 300 mg/kg) did not cause mortality or change markers of liver and kidney functions. In summary, our findings reveal the antioxidant potential of Se-containing pyridinium salts in liver tissue, which could be related to their radical scavenging ability and mimetic action on the GST enzyme. They also demonstrate a low toxicity potential for Compound 3C. Together, the promising results open space for future studies on the therapeutic application of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediandra T Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Amália G Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Bittencourt Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Paim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Gomes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - César A Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
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Cho KH, Baek SH, Nam HS, Bahuguna A. Enhancement of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Properties of Beeswax Alcohol in Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein: Safeguarding against Carboxymethyllysine Toxicity in Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2116. [PMID: 38136235 PMCID: PMC10740997 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of beeswax alcohol (BWA) are well reported in animal and human clinical studies, with a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood, reduced liver steatosis, and decreased insulin. However, there has been insufficient information to explain BWAs in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity owing to its limited solubility in an aqueous buffer system. Herein, three distinct reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) were prepared with palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and BWA at molar ratios of 95:5:1:0 (rHDL-0), 95:5:1:0.5 (rHDL-0.5), and 95:5:1:1 (rHDL-1) and examined for antioxidant and anti-glycation effects. A rHDL containing BWA, precisely rHDL-1, displayed a remarkable anti-glycation effect against fructose (final 250 mM), induced glycation of HDL, and prevented proteolytic degradation of apoA-I. Also, BWA incorporated rHDL-0.5, and rHDL-1 displayed substantial antioxidant activity by inhibiting cupric ion-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. In contrast to rHDL-0, a 20 and 22% enhancement in ferric ion reduction ability (FRA) and paraoxonase (PON) activity was observed in HDL treated with rHDL-1, signifying the effect of BWA on the antioxidant activity enhancement of HDL. rHDL-1 efficiently inhibits Nε-carboxylmethyllysine (CML)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos, consequently improving embryo survivability and developmental deformities impaired by the CML. The dermal application of rHDL-1 to the CML-impaired cutaneous wound of the adult zebrafish inhibited ROS production and displayed potent wound-healing activity. Conclusively, incorporating BWA in rHDL significantly enhanced the anti-glycation and antioxidant activities in rHDL via more stabilization of apoA-I with a larger particle size. The rHDL containing BWA facilitated the inherent antioxidant ability of HDL to suppress the CML-induced toxicities in zebrafish embryos and ameliorate CML-aggravated chronic wounds in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.B.); (H.-S.N.); (A.B.)
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Wei MJ, Li J, Wei ZQ, Zhang SF, Wang ZX, Li HY, Zhang R, Kong FY, Wang W. A single-site porphyrin (Cu)-based COF electrocatalyst for the electrochemical detection of gallic acid sensitively. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341975. [PMID: 37977793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and convenient determination of gallic acid (GA) is vital for food safety. Here, a novel porphyrin (Cu)-based covalent organic framework named as COF(Cu) was successfully synthesized by condensing pre-metalated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (para-aminophenyl) porphyrin copper (II) and 2,3,6,7-tetra (4-formylphenyl) tetrathiafulvalene ligands. By combining the advantages of porphyrin with tetrathiafulvalene, it may be possible to create a COF with an intrinsically effective charge-transfer channel. In addition, the Cu-N4 type in the COF(Cu) can be regarded as the single-site electrocatalyst. Benefiting from these advantages, the COF(Cu) based electrochemical sensor demonstrated outstanding response to gallic acid (GA). Under the optimal conditions by square wave voltammetry technique, the COF(Cu) modified electrode showed a wide linear range (0.01-1000 μM), a low detection limit (2.81 nM), good reproducibility, acceptable selectivity as well as high stability. Moreover, the established approach was adopted to detect GA in real tea samples with good recoveries, indicating that the COF(Cu) based electrochemical sensor may pave the way for the application in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Ze-Qi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Heng-Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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Lichtenberg D, Pinchuk I, Yonassi E, Weber D, Grune T. Oxidative Stress Is a Concept, Not an Indication for Selective Antioxidant Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1188. [PMID: 37371918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The steady-state redox status is physiologically important and therefore homeostatically maintained. Changes in the status result in signaling (eustress) or oxidative damage (distress). Oxidative stress (OS) is a hard-to-quantitate term that can be estimated only based on different biomarkers. Clinical application of OS, particularly for selective antioxidant treatment of people under oxidative stress, requires quantitative evaluation and is limited by the lack of universal biomarkers to describe it. Furthermore, different antioxidants have different effects on the redox state. Hence, as long as we do not have the possibility to determine and quantify OS, therapeutic interventions by the "identify-and-treat" approach cannot be assessed and are, therefore, not likely to be the basis for selective preventive measures against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Lichtenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel
| | - Ilya Pinchuk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eleni Yonassi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutritio Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutritio Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13357 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nutmeal, Germany
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang H, Hao J, Hong H, Gu W, Li Z, Sun J, Zhan H, Wei X, Zhou L. Redox signaling regulates the skeletal tissue development and regeneration. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37043672 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2199244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal tissue development and regeneration in mammals are intricate, multistep, and highly regulated processes. Various signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of these processes, including redox. Redox signaling is the signal transduction by electron transfer reactions involving free radicals or related species. Redox homeostasis is essential to cell metabolic states, as the ROS not only regulates cell biological processes but also mediates physiological processes. Following a bone fracture, redox signaling is also triggered to regulate bone healing and regeneration by targeting resident stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. This review will focus on how the redox signaling impact the bone development and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | - HaiPing Hong
- FangTa Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Songjiang Branch, Shanghai, East China, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoen Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Si D, Sabier M, Liu J, Si J, Zhang X. Guideline for screening antioxidant against lipid‐peroxidation by spectrophotometer. eFood 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Olufunmilayo EO, Gerke-Duncan MB, Holsinger RMD. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020517. [PMID: 36830075 PMCID: PMC9952099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a substantial proportion of neurological diseases with significant public health importance. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a complex interplay of various general and disease-specific factors that lead to the end point of neuronal degeneration and loss, and the eventual clinical manifestations. Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between pro-oxidant species and antioxidant systems, characterized by an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and a reduction in the levels of endogenous antioxidants. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted oxidative stress and associated mitochondrial dysfunction to be important players in the pathophysiologic processes involved in neurodegenerative conditions. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the general effects of oxidative stress on the central nervous system, the different specific routes by which oxidative stress influences the pathophysiologic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's disease, and how oxidative stress may be therapeutically reversed/mitigated in order to stall the pathological progression of these neurodegenerative disorders to bring about clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 5116, PMB, Nigeria
| | - Michelle B. Gerke-Duncan
- Education Innovation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Perrone MA, Aimo A, Bernardini S, Clerico A. Inflammageing and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Cardiokines and Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36614282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "inflammageing" was introduced in 2000, with the aim of describing the chronic inflammatory state typical of elderly individuals, which is characterized by a combination of elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, a high burden of comorbidities, an elevated risk of disability, frailty, and premature death. Inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and rapid progression to heart failure. The great experimental and clinical evidence accumulated in recent years has clearly demonstrated that early detection and counteraction of inflammageing is a promising strategy not only to prevent cardiovascular disease, but also to slow down the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing. It is conceivable that beneficial effects of counteracting inflammageing should be most effective if implemented in the early stages, when the compensatory capacity of the organism is not completely exhausted. Early interventions and treatments require early diagnosis using reliable and cost-effective biomarkers. Indeed, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that cardiac-specific biomarkers (i.e., cardiac natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins) are able to identify, even in the general population, the individuals at highest risk of progression to heart failure. However, further clinical studies are needed to better understand the usefulness and cost/benefit ratio of cardiac-specific biomarkers as potential targets in preventive and therapeutic strategies for early detection and counteraction of inflammageing mechanisms and in this way slowing the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing.
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Junsathian P, Nakamura S, Katayama S, Rawdkuen S. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Thai Edible Plant Extracts Prepared Using Different Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196489. [PMID: 36235025 PMCID: PMC9570912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of six Thai edible plant leaf extracts, including Cashew (CN), Chamuang (CM), Monpu (MP), Thurianthet (TT), Kradon (KD) and Pakliang (PL), extracted using ethanol extraction (EE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The leaf extracts were characterized for percentage yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and-ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, and antimicrobial activity against spoilage. MAE produced the highest percentage yields, among which MAE-extracted MP exhibited the highest yield. Furthermore, the highest TPC and TFC were obtained for MAE, with MAE-extracted KD and CN showing the highest TPC and TFC, respectively, among the samples. The highest DPPH and FRAP values were seen in MAE-processed CN, KD, and MP extracts. The inhibition zone of pathogenic bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bacterial concentration were determined in all samples except TT. These findings indicate that, compared to EE and UAE, MAE improved the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of the leaf extracts. The aforementioned extracts could be employed as natural food additives to prevent chemical and microbial spoilage of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimmada Junsathian
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Kamiina, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Kamiina, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Saroat Rawdkuen
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.R.)
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Emojevwe V, Nwangwa EK, Naiho AO, Oyovwi MO, Igiehon O, Ogunwole E, Makinde-Taylor MS, Ayotomide OA, Akinola AO, Edesiri PT, Oghenetega BO, Ovuakporaye SI. Therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and zinc sulphate against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular oxido-nitrergic stress in male Wistar rat. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14508. [PMID: 35842931 DOI: 10.1111/and.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and zinc sulphate on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular oxido-nitrergic stress in rats was investigated in 36 male Wistar rats (170 ± 10 g) randomly assigned into one of six groups (n = 6). Group 1 (control) received 2.5 ml/kg of distilled water for 42 days, while group 2 (vehicle) received 2.5 ml/kg of corn oil for 42 days. Groups 3,4,5, and 6 were administered DEHP (750 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, after which groups 4, 5, and 6 received zinc sulphate (0.5 mg/kg/day), NAC (100 mg/kg/day), and zinc sulphate (0.5 mg/kg/day) + NAC (100 mg/kg/day) for an additional 21 days respectively. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized by light thiopental sodium, and their testes were carefully dissected out for histological and biochemical assays. The result shows a significant alteration in testicular levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity, sulphydryl levels, dehydrogenases and testicular architecture following the administration of DEHP. These effects were reversed by coadministration of NAC and zinc sulphate in the study. We therefore concluded that the combined effects of NAC and ZnSO4 effectively improved testicular antioxidant status and reduced testicular nitregic stress, thus improving testicular architecture and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emojevwe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Osarugue Igiehon
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Ogunwole
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Prince Tesi Edesiri
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwash-Uku, Nigeria
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Zha X, Sun X, Chu H, Wang Y. Synthesis of bimetallic covalent organic framework nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical detection of gallic acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bruna F, Fernández K, Urrejola F, Touma J, Navarro M, Sepúlveda B, Larrazabal-Fuentes M, Paredes A, Neira I, Ferrando M, Osorio M, Yáñez O, Bravo J. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of Laureliopsis philippiana essential oil of Chile, study in vitro and in silico. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Musakhanian J, Rodier JD, Dave M. Oxidative Stability in Lipid Formulations: a Review of the Mechanisms, Drivers, and Inhibitors of Oxidation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:151. [PMID: 35596043 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of lipid-based formulations in addressing solubility and ultimately the bioavailability issues of the emerging drug entities is undeniable. Yet, there is scarcity of literature on lipid excipient chemistry and performance, notably in relation to oxidative stability. While not all lipid excipients are prone to oxidation, those with sensitive moieties offer drug delivery solutions that outweigh the manageable oxidative challenges they may present. For example, caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides help solubilize and deliver cancer drug to patients, lauroyl polyoxylglycerides enhance the delivery of cholesterol lowering drug, and sesame/soybean oils are critical part of parenteral nutrition. Ironically, excipients with far greater oxidative propensity are omnipresent in pharmaceutical products, a testament to the manageability of oxidative challenges in drug development. Successful formulation development requires awareness of what, where, and how formulation stability may be impacted, and accordingly taking appropriate steps to circumvent or meet the challenges ahead. Aiming to fill the information gap from a drug delivery scientist perspective, this review discusses oxidation pathways, prooxidants, antioxidants, and their complex interplay, which can paradoxically take opposite directions depending on the drug delivery system.
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Pagnotta S, Tramutola A, Barone E, Di Domenico F, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Folgiero V, Caforio M, Locatelli F, Petrini S, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. CAPE and its synthetic derivative VP961 restore BACH1/NRF2 axis in Down Syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:1-13. [PMID: 35283228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cells possess several mechanisms to counteract the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, an important sensor involved in the anti-oxidant response is KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling complex. Under oxidative stress (OS), the transcription factor NRF2 can dissociate from the KEAP1-complex in the cytosol and translocate into the nucleus to promote the transcriptional activation of anti-oxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase 1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase. Within this context, the activation of NRF2 response is further regulated by BACH1, a transcription repressor, that compete with the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE complex. In this work, we focused on the role of BACH1/NRF2 ratio in the regulation of the anti-oxidant response, proposing their antithetical relation as a valuable target for a therapeutic strategy to test drugs able to exert neuroprotective effects, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Among these, Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by BACH1 gene triplication that likely results in the impairment of NRF2 causing increased OS. Our results revealed that BACH1 overexpression alters the BACH1/NRF2 ratio in the nucleus and disturbs the induction of antioxidant response genes ultimately resulting in the accumulation of oxidative damage both in Ts2Cje mice (a mouse model of DS) and human DS lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Based on this evidence, we tested Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and the synthetic analogue VP961, which have been proven to modulate NRF2 activity. We showed that CAPE and VP961 administration to DS LCLs was able to promote NRF2 nuclear translocation, which resulted in the amelioration of antioxidant response. Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that BACH1 triplication in DS subjects is implicated in the alteration of redox homeostasis and therapeutic strategies to overcome this effect are under investigation in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Large efforts have been, and still are, devoted to minimize the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation. Much of the early work focused in understanding both the lipid oxidation mechanisms and the action of antioxidants in bulk solution. However, food-grade oils are mostly present in the form of oil-in-water emulsions, bringing up an increasing complexity because of the three-dimensional interfacial region. This review presents an overview of the kinetic approaches employed in controlling the oxidative stability of edible oil-in-water emulsions and of the main outcomes, with particular emphasis on the role of antioxidants and on the kinetics of the inhibition reaction. Application of physical-organic chemistry methods, such as the pseudophase models to investigate antioxidant partitioning, constitute a remarkable example on how kinetic methodologies contribute to model chemical reactivity in multiphasic systems and to rationalize the role of interfaces, opening new opportunities for designing novel antioxidants with tailored properties and new prospects for modulating environmental conditions in attempting to optimize their efficiency. Here we will summarize the main kinetic features of the inhibition reaction and will discuss on the main factors affecting its rate, including the determination of antioxidant efficiencies from kinetic profiles, structure-reactivity relationships, partitioning of antioxidants and concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Pritam P, Deka R, Bhardwaj A, Srivastava R, Kumar D, Jha AK, Jha NK, Villa C, Jha SK. Antioxidants in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Therapeutic Significance and Future Prospects. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:212. [PMID: 35205079 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) rate is accelerating with the increasing aging of the world's population. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated AD as a global health priority. According to the WHO report, around 82 million people in 2030 and 152 million in 2050 will develop dementia (AD contributes 60% to 70% of cases), considering the current scenario. AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease, intensifying impairments in cognition, behavior, and memory. Histopathological AD variations include extracellular senile plaques' formation, tangling of intracellular neurofibrils, and synaptic and neuronal loss in the brain. Multiple evidence directly indicates that oxidative stress participates in an early phase of AD before cytopathology. Moreover, oxidative stress is induced by almost all misfolded protein lumps like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and others. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in activating and causing various cell signaling pathways that result in lesion formations of toxic substances, which foster the development of the disease. Antioxidants are widely preferred to combat oxidative stress, and those derived from natural sources, which are often incorporated into dietary habits, can play an important role in delaying the onset as well as reducing the progression of AD. However, this approach has not been extensively explored yet. Moreover, there has been growing evidence that a combination of antioxidants in conjugation with a nutrient-rich diet might be more effective in tackling AD pathogenesis. Thus, considering the above-stated fact, this comprehensive review aims to elaborate the basics of AD and antioxidants, including the vitality of antioxidants in AD. Moreover, this review may help researchers to develop effectively and potentially improved antioxidant therapeutic strategies for this disease as it also deals with the clinical trials in the stated field.
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Geoffroy T, Bernier M, Thibodeau J, Francezon N, Beaulieu L, Mikhaylin S, Langevin M, Lutin F, Bazinet L. Semi-industrial scale-up of EDUF technology for the electroseparation of bioactive cationic peptides: Impact of process parameters and cell configurations on eco-efficiency. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rubio-Cortés JE, López J, Velazco-Cabral I, Feliciano A, Vázquez MA, Alcaraz-Contreras Y. In Vitro Study of the Effect of 2,6-Substituents at the New 4-Ethoxy-Phenols as Antioxidants. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio López
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
| | | | - Alberto Feliciano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
| | - Miguel A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
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Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. Nanovesicles from Organic Agriculture-Derived Fruits and Vegetables: Characterization and Functional Antioxidant Content. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158170. [PMID: 34360936 PMCID: PMC8347793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a risk reduction in a series of leading human diseases, probably due to the plants' antioxidant content. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been recently receiving great attention regarding their natural ability to deliver several active biomolecules and antioxidants. To investigate the presence of active antioxidants in fruits, we preliminarily analyzed the differences between nanovesicles from either organic or conventional agriculture-derived fruits, at equal volumes, showing a higher yield of nanovesicles with a smaller size from organic agriculture-derived fruits as compared to conventional ones. PDNVs from organic agriculture also showed a higher antioxidant level compared to nanovesicles from conventional agriculture. Using the PDNVs from fruit mixes, we found comparable levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity, Ascorbic Acid, Catalase, Glutathione and Superoxide Dismutase 1. Finally, we exposed the nanovesicle mixes to either chemical or physical lytic treatments, with no evidence of effects on the number, size and antioxidant capacity of the treated nanovesicles, thus showing a marked resistance of PDNVs to external stimuli and a high capability to preserve their content. Our study provides for the first time a series of data supporting the use of plant-derived nanovesicles in human beings' daily supplementation, for both prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L.); +39-064-9903-195 (S.F.); Fax: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L. & S.F.)
| | | | | | - Stefano Fais
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L.); +39-064-9903-195 (S.F.); Fax: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L. & S.F.)
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Xu Y, Zhang T, Lu M, Liu R, Guo Y, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Effects of chain length and saturation of triglycerides on cellular antioxidant activity of vegetable oil emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021; 146:111437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Costa M, Freiría-Gándara J, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Aliaga C, Bravo-Díaz C. Interfacial kinetics in olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions: Relationships between rates of initiation of lipid peroxidation, induction times and effective interfacial antioxidant concentrations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:248-259. [PMID: 34271487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A detailed quantitative description of the effects of antioxidants in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in oil-in-water emulsions can be achieved by determining the relationships between the rates of initiation of the lipid peroxidation reaction, the length of the induction period preceding the propagation step of the radical oxidation process and the effective antioxidant interfacial concentrations. EXPERIMENTS We successfully prepared and characterized a series of olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions and allowed them to spontaneously oxidize. Their oxidative stability was evaluated by carrying out in the presence, and absence, of antioxidants derived from gallic acid, by monitoring the formation of primary oxidation products with time, by determining the corresponding induction periods, and by determining the effective interfacial concentrations of the antioxidants in the intact emulsions. FINDINGS Results show that both, the length of the induction periods and the antioxidant interfacial concentrations change concomitantly, increasing with the hydrophobicity of the antioxidant up to a maximum at the octyl derivative; longer aliphatic chains decrease their efficiency. The ratio between the interfacial antioxidant concentration and the induction period remains constant independently of the antioxidant, demonstrating that the effective concentrations of antioxidant at the interface control their efficiencies in emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; University of Vigo, Chemistry Faculty, Dept. of Physical-Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, Cedenna, Av. B.O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- University of Vigo, Chemistry Faculty, Dept. of Physical-Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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22
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA. The potential toxicity of food-added sodium benzoate in mice is concentration-dependent. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:561-569. [PMID: 34141170 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (NaB) is a versatile food preservative that has also found some applications in the treatment of medical disorders. However, till date, its possible widespread effects on the body are not well studied. We examined the likely effect of diet-added NaB on weight/food intake, haematological parameters, neurobehaviour, antioxidant status, lipid profile and anti-inflammatory/apoptotic markers in mice. Animals were assigned randomly into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Groups included normal control (fed rodent chow) and three groups fed NaB at 125 (0.0125%), 250 (0.025% and 500 (0.05%) mg/kg of feed added to diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Body weight and food intake were assessed. At the end of the experimental period animals were euthanized, blood was then taken for the assessment of haematological, biochemical and inflammatory/apoptotic markers. At the lowest concentration, NaB diet increased body weight and food intake. Decrease in haematological cell counts and total antioxidant capacity were observed, whereas serum malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity were increased across the three concentrations. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 decreased, whereas caspase-3 levels showed no significant difference. Lipid profile and biochemical indices of kidney and liver function were also affected by NaB diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NaB may be harmful if regulations regarding its limit of consumption are mistakenly or deliberately ignored. Therefore, it is advisable that regulations on quantities to be added to food be enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 21266. 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way,G.R.A Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria Nigeria
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Costa M, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Bravo-Díaz C. Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Lipid Emulsions: Partitioning Effects and Interfacial Phenomena. Foods 2021; 10:539. [PMID: 33807705 PMCID: PMC8001919 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoxidation of lipids in complex systems such as emulsions or biological membranes, although known to occur readily and to be associated with important pathological events, is lacking in quantitative data in spite of the huge efforts that have been made in attempting to unravel the complex mechanisms of lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants. Lipids are present as oil-in-water emulsions in many foods and pharmaceutical formulations, and the prevalent role of the interfacial region is critical to understand the antioxidant behavior and to correctly interpret antioxidant efficiencies. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the chemical fate of antioxidants before they react with peroxyl radicals. Many researchers highlighted the predominant role of interfaces, and although some attempts have been made to understand their role, in most instances, they were essentially qualitative and based on putative hypotheses. It is only recently that quantitative reports have been published. Indeed, knowledge on the effects of relevant experimental variables on the effective concentrations of antioxidants is necessary for a successful design of alternate, effective antioxidative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
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Cialoni D, Brizzolari A, Samaja M, Bosco G, Paganini M, Pieri M, Lancellotti V, Marroni A. Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress Changes at Depth in Breath-Hold Diving. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609642. [PMID: 33488400 PMCID: PMC7818785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several mechanisms allow humans to resist the extreme conditions encountered during breath-hold diving. Available nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major contributors to such complex adaptations at depth and oxidative stress is one of the major collateral effects of diving. Due to technical difficulties, these biomarkers have not so far been studied in vivo while at depth. The aim of this study is to investigate nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) before, during, and after repetitive breath-hold dives in healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods Blood plasma, obtained from 14 expert breath-hold divers, was tested for differences in NOx, TAC, and TBARS between pre-dive, bottom, surface, 30 and 60 min post-dive samples. Results We observed a statistically significant increase of NOx plasma concentration in the “bottom blood draw” as compared to the pre-dive condition while we did not find any difference in the following samples We found a statistically significant decrease in TAC at the bottom but the value returned to normality immediately after reaching the surface. We did not find any statistically significant difference in TBARS. Discussion The increased plasma NOx values found at the bottom were not observed at surface and post dive sampling (T0, T30, T60), showing a very rapid return to the pre-dive values. Also TAC values returned to pre- diving levels immediately after the end of hyperbaric exposure, probably as a consequence of the activation of endogenous antioxidant defenses. TBARS did not show any difference during the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Apnea Academy Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Brizzolari
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Valentina Lancellotti
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marroni
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
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Chikere C, Hobben E, Faisal NH, Kong-Thoo-Lin P, Fernandez C. Electroanalytical determination of gallic acid in red and white wine samples using cobalt oxide nanoparticles-modified carbon-paste electrodes. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang S, Li L, Chen W, Xu S, Feng X, Zhang L. Natural products: The role and mechanism in low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2945-2967. [PMID: 33368763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic disease, which leads to the life-threatening coronary artery disease. Emerging studies from bench to bedside have demonstrated the pivotal role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article hereby reviews oxidation mechanism of LDL, and the pro-atherogenic and biomarker role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. We also review the pharmacological effects of several representative natural products (vitamin E, resveratrol, quercetin, probucol, tanshinone IIA, epigallocatechin gallate, and Lycopene) in protecting against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Clinical and basic research supports the beneficial effects of these natural products in inhibiting LDL oxidation and preventing atherosclerosis, but the data are still controversial. This may be related to factors such as the population and the dosage and time of taking natural products involved in different studies. Understanding the mechanism of LDL oxidation and effect of oxidized LDL help researchers to find novel therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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González-Haro C, Ross R, AlDuhishy A. Plasma oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide/trolox) responses during a 7-day road cycling stage race and a competitive football match in top-level athletes. Sport Sci Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pellegrini N, Vitaglione P, Granato D, Fogliano V. Twenty-five years of total antioxidant capacity measurement of foods and biological fluids: merits and limitations. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5064-5078. [PMID: 30578632 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises 25 years of investigations on antioxidants research in foods and biological fluids and critically analyses the merits and limitations of using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement in the metabolomic era. An enormous bulk of knowledge was produced regarding the antioxidant capacity of foods and large TAC databases were developed. A direct link between a food TAC value and any health benefit is erroneous and has led to several cases of consumer deception. However, the striking epidemiological evidence associating a high dietary TAC with some disease prevention and the availability of well-constructed TAC databases deserve attention and must be taken into account to establish the usefulness of measuring TAC in both foods and biological samples. The in vivo TAC measurement, usually performed in plasma, is influenced by many external factors, such as dietary habits, as well as environmental and behavioural factors, which are integrated towards homeostatic control by fine physiological mechanisms with high inter-individual variability. Therefore, plasma TAC cannot be considered as a unique biomarker of individual antioxidant status. However, the combined evaluation of plasma TAC with known markers of disease, individual metabolism, inflammation and genetics, as well as with markers of gut microbiota composition and activity, may lead to the identification of populations that are more responsive to food/diet TAC. In this framework, the appropriate use of TAC measurement both in food and in vivo can still provide support for the interpretation of complex phenomena and be a tool for sample screening when making a quick decision toward in-depth research investigations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sanz MG, Schnider DR, Mealey KA. Relative Deficiency in Albumin Methionine Content is Associated With Decreased Antioxidant Capacity of Equine Plasma. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 96:103277. [PMID: 33349399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Relative to other species, horses seem particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Plasma albumin plays an important role in preventing oxidative damage, in part due to its methionine (MET) content. Equine albumin is highly unusual in that it contains no MET residues. Whether or not this causes deficient antioxidant capacity in equine plasma relative to that of other species has not yet been explored. The objective of this study was to compare the redox status of equine (no MET) to that of bovine (moderate amount of MET) plasma. Plasma was collected from healthy, nonpregnant Quarter Horse mares (n = 10) and adult, healthy, nonpregnant, dried Holstein cows (n = 15). Measures of total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress were assessed for each plasma sample using multiple commercially available assays: total antioxidant capacity, thiol detection, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and advanced oxidation protein products. Plasma from horses had significantly (P < .05) lower thiol content and thiobarbituric and reactive substances and higher advanced oxidation protein products than plasma from cattle. A difference in total antioxidant capacity was not observed; however, our study was underpowered to establish a meaningful comparison. Based on these findings, the lack of MET in equine albumin appears to translate to a lower antioxidant capacity of equine plasma. Our findings are consistent with previous reports in other species that identify MET as having an important role in the antioxidant capacity of albumin. Our results also highlight the complex system of antioxidant defenses in plasma that counteract the harmful effects of oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena G Sanz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
| | - Darren R Schnider
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Katrina A Mealey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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Ron-Doitch S, Kohen R. The Cutaneous Physiological Redox: Essential to Maintain but Difficult to Define. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100942. [PMID: 33019510 PMCID: PMC7600519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a unique tissue, possessing extremely efficient protective and regulative mechanisms, similar only to the gut and lungs. These tissues serve as an interface with the environment and are exposed to stressors from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Interestingly, all these stressors lead downstream to a cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other electrophiles, which, in turn could have deleterious outcomes for the living organism. Hence, such tissues should always maintain a “high-alert” condition in order to cope with these various insults. Nevertheless, a moderate production of ROS induced by stressors could actually be beneficial, although it is impossible to predict if and which exposure would lead to which outcome. Consequently, a parameter which would indicate the skin’s readiness to cope with continuously fluctuating conditions is required. It has been proposed that the redox status may serve as a suitable indicator. In this opinion manuscript, we argue that the redox status is a vague parameter that is difficult to characterized and quantify due to its extremely dynamic nature. The common convention that the redox status is composed solely of the balance between oxidants and reductants (ROS and antioxidants) is also thought-provoking. Since this parameter in vivo behaves in a dynamic and complex manner, it better fits the description of a process, rather than an individual parameter. We suggest that the homeostatic modulation of the physiological redox (PR) should be in focus, rather than the redox status parameter itself. It is further suggested that low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) are, in fact, rather insignificant concerning the PR maintenance, and that the major contributors to this delicate modulation are regulative, protein-based systems such as the protective phase II antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, we show that skin microbiome and cutaneous advanced lipid peroxidation end-products (ALEs) take part in sustaining the cutaneous PR homoeostasis via activation of the Nrf2–Keap1 protective pathway.
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Elsayed SA, Harrypersad S, Sahyon HA, El-Magd MA, Walsby CJ. Ruthenium(II)/(III) DMSO-Based Complexes of 2-Aminophenyl Benzimidazole with In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E4284. [PMID: 32962014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New anticancer ruthenium(II/III) complexes [RuCl2(DMSO)2(Hapbim)] (1) and [RuCl3(DMSO) (Hapbim)] (2) (Hapbim = 2-aminophenyl benzimidazole) have been synthesized and characterized, and their chemotherapeutic potential evaluated. The interaction of the compounds with DNA was studied by both UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopies, revealing intercalation of both the Hapbim ligand and the Ru complexes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested on human breast cancer (MCF7), human colorectal cancer (Caco2), and normal human liver cell lines (THLE-2), with compound (2) the most potent against cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of (2) is shown to correlate with the ability of the Ru(III) complex to induce apoptosis and to cause cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Notably, both compounds were inactive in the noncancerous cell line. The anticancer effect of (2) has also been studied in an EAC (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) mouse model. Significantly, the activity of the complex was more pronounced in vivo, with removal of the cancer burden at doses that resulted in only low levels of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. An apoptosis mechanism was determined by the observation of increased Bax and caspase 3 and decreased Bcl2 expression. Furthermore, (2) decreased oxidative stress and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, especially SOD, suggesting the enhancement of normal cell repair. Overall, compound (2) shows great potential as a chemotherapeutic candidate, with promising activity and low levels of side effects.
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Carp OE, Moraru A, Pinteala M, Arvinte A. Electrochemical behaviour of piperine. Comparison with control antioxidants. Food Chem 2021; 339:128110. [PMID: 33152887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, as the most abundant alkaloid in pepper, gained a lot of attention for possible antioxidant and therapeutic properties. Electrochemical techniques were applied to widely evaluate the redox behavior of piperine by comparison to that of well-known antioxidants: ascorbic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, tyrosine and capsaicin used as controls. Also, electrochemistry was involved in an innovative way to investigate the potential antioxidant properties of piperine combined with different in vitro peroxidation and reducing assays: (i) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging; (ii) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) scavenging; (iii) ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing power; (iv) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging. Results show that piperine readily reacts with highly oxidizing radicals and bind redox-active metal ions in a similar manner as antioxidants used as model.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as “an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of redox signaling and control and/or molecular damage”. This Commentary presents basic features of this global concept which has attracted interest in biology and medicine. The term “antioxidants” in cellular defense against oxidants predominantly includes antioxidant enzymes with their substrates and coenzymes. Exogenous low-molecular-mass compounds also have a role, but this is more limited. Multiple biomarkers of damage due to oxidative stress have been identified for different molecular classes (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA), and the current state of practical aspects in health and disease is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, University Street 1, Bldg 22.04, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
This review concerns the current knowledge of melatonin and alcohol-related disorders. Chronobiological effects of ethanol are related to melatonin suppression and in relation to inflammation, stress, free radical scavenging, autophagy and cancer risk. It is postulated that both alcohol- and inflammation-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) alters cell membrane properties leading to tissue dysfunction and, subsequent further ROS production. Lysosomal enzymes are often used to assess the relationships between intensified inflammation states caused by alcohol abuse and oxidative stress as well as level of tissue damage estimated by the increased release of cellular enzymes into the extracellular space. Studies have established a link between alcoholism and desynchronosis (circadian disruption). Desynchronosis results from the disorganization of the body's circadian time structure and is an aspect of the pathology of chronic alcohol intoxication. The inflammatory conditions and the activity of lysosomal enzymes in acute alcohol poisoning or chronic alcohol-dependent diseases are in most cases interrelated. Inflammation can increase the activity of lysosomal enzymes, which can be regarded as a marker of lysosomal dysfunction and abnormal cellular integrity. Studies show alcohol toxicity is modulated by the melatonin (Mel) circadian rhythm. This hormone, produced by the pineal gland, is the main regulator of 24 h (sleep-wake cycle) and seasonal biorhythms. Mel exhibits antioxidant properties and may be useful in the prevention of oxidative stress reactions known to be responsible for alcohol-related diseases. Naturally produced Mel and exogenous sources in food can act in free radical reactions and activate the endogenous defense system. Mel plays an important role in the normalization of the post-stress state by its influence on neurotransmitter systems and the synchronization of circadian rhythms. Acting simultaneously on the neuroendocrine and immune systems, Mel optimizes homeostasis and provides protection against stress. Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; Mel, melatonin; SRV, resveratrol; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ANT, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase; EC cells, gastrointestinal enterochromaffin cells; MT1, melatonin high-affinity nanomolecular receptor site; MT2, melatonin low-affinity nanomolecular receptor site; ROR/RZR, orphan nuclear retinoid receptors; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSSG, oxidized form of glutathione; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; ONOO∙-, peroxynitrite radical; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecules; LPO, lipid peroxidation; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate, HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, IL-2, interleukin-2; HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Tph1, tryptophan hydroxylase 1; AA-NAT, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase; AS-MT, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase; NAG, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; HBA1c glycated hemoglobin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AAP, alanyl-aminopeptidase; β-GR, β-glucuronidase; β-GD, β-galactosidase; LAP, leucine aminopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk , Słupsk, Poland
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk , Słupsk, Poland
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Dos Santos Morais G, Vieira TB, Santos GS, Dolatto RG, Cestari MM, Grassi MT, Antônio Navarro da Silva M. Genotoxic, metabolic, and biological responses of Chironomus sancticaroli Strixino & Strixino, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae) after exposure to BBP. Sci Total Environ 2020; 715:136937. [PMID: 32041078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), which is widely used in industrial production, reaches the aquatic environment, mainly owing to improper disposal of plastic products. In the water, it remains adsorbed to sedimentary particles causing toxic effects in aquatic invertebrates such as Chironomidae, which are important in maintaining ecosystem dynamics and are an important link in the food chain. However, the effects of BBP on Chironomidae are still poorly known. Thus, the toxic effects of BBP on Chironomus sancticaroli at acute (48 h), subchronic (8 d), and chronic (25 d) exposures of concentrations between 0.1 and 2000 μg·L-1 were determined. Genotoxicity effects, changes in the oxidative stress pathway, and development and emergence of organisms were evaluated. Biochemical markers showed a reduction in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, indicating a neurotoxic effect on acute exposure (1-1000 μg·L-1). The antioxidant pathway, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed reduction on acute (0.1; 1-2000 μg·L-1) and subchronic (1-2000 μg·L-1) exposures and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at all evaluated concentrations, suggesting oxidative stress. In contrast, lipid peroxidation was not observed. DNA damage occurred on acute (10 μg·L-1) and subchronic (10-2000 μg·L-1) exposures, indicating genotoxic effects. At concentrations above 10 μg·L-1, no emergence of adults occurred, while lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg·L-1) showed a reduction in the number of adults, mainly males. The observed effects indicate that BBP is genotoxic and causes biochemical alterations presenting high toxicity at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Chikere CO, Faisal NH, Kong-Thoo-Lin P, Fernandez C. Interaction between Amorphous Zirconia Nanoparticles and Graphite: Electrochemical Applications for Gallic Acid Sensing Using Carbon Paste Electrodes in Wine. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E537. [PMID: 32192127 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) have been used for the first time, to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) and used as a sensor for the electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GA). The voltammetric results of the ZrO2 nanoparticles-modified CPE showed efficient electrochemical oxidation of gallic acid, with a significantly enhanced peak current from 261 µA ± 3 to about 451 µA ± 1. The modified surface of the electrode and the synthesised zirconia nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), X-ray powdered diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, the electrochemical behaviour of GA on the surface of the modified electrode was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), showing a sensitivity of the electrode for GA determination, within a concentration range of 1 × 10−6 mol L−1 to 1 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 of 0.9945 and a limit of detection of 1.24 × 10−7 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). The proposed ZrO2 nanoparticles modified CPE was successfully used for the determination of GA in red and white wine, with concentrations of 0.103 mmol L−1 and 0.049 mmol L−1 respectively.
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Bryll A, Skrzypek J, Krzyściak W, Szelągowska M, Śmierciak N, Kozicz T, Popiela T. Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E384. [PMID: 32121669 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.
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Peserico CS, D’Almeida V, Cavalcante-Silva V, Yamamoto JJUS, Machado FA. Effects of photobiomodulation associated with endurance running training on oxidative stress in untrained men. Sport Sci Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mazdak H, Tolou Ghamari Z, Gholampour M. Bladder cancer: total antioxidant capacity and pharmacotherapy with vitamin-E. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1255-60. [PMID: 32088809 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Free radicals play an important role in the different complex course of carcinogenesis. Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species are highly associated with the presence of tumors. The urinary bladder organ is also a target for many carcinogens. The major objective of this investigation was to measure the role of redox state or total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and antioxidant functions of vitamin E in patients with low-grade papillary cancer of the bladder (BC). METHODS The blood sample was used for measurement of the T-AOC by the Trolox-TAC assay kit. Thirty-five patients with BC and thirty-five healthy subjects that matched for age were entered in this study. The obtained data were analyzed using the Statistical Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS In healthy controls, the mean ± SD for T-AOC was 91.8 ± 16.6 (U/ml), that was significantly higher when compared to the mean value of 24.5 ± 28.9 (U/ml) in patients with BC (p = 0.00). The difference in concentration of T-AOC before and after prescription of vitamin E was encountered with a p value of 0.16. CONCLUSIONS By reference to the significant difference between T-AOC in patients and healthy controls, our results strongly suggest a low level of T-AOC in patients with BC. The obtained changes in T-AOC before and after management with vitamin E recommended additional consideration associates with different stages and grade of tumor in patients with BC.
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Abstract
Signaling pathways regulating redox reactions are activated to balance the redox status and maintain the normal function of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Delu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Meihui Xia
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Huimei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Pathophysiology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
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Erez ME, Dalar A, Fidan M, Pınar SM. Comprehensive appraisement of antioxidant potential and phytochemical profile of native botanicals from Turkey. Food Measure 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zavorins A, Silova A, Voicehovska J, Kisis J. Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is not associated with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:561-566. [PMID: 31777357 PMCID: PMC6857565 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is a persistent facial erythema in patients with diabetes mellitus. The actual pathogenesis has not been studied. However, it is speculated to be a cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy. Objective Examine the correlation between the severity of facial erythema and the possible causes of microvascular diabetic complications, namely oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products . Methods Patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 32) were enrolled in the study. The facial erythema index was measured using the Mexameter MX18; cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products was estimated by measuring skin auto fluorescence with the AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies B.V. – Groningen, Netherlands). Glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde were measured in blood by TBARS assay. The correlation between the selected variables was assessed by Spearman's rank test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between total antioxidant status and the facial erythema index (ρ = 0.398, p = 0.024). Malondialdehyde, skin autofluorescence, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and age did not demonstrate statistically significant correlation with the facial erythema index. Study limitations This is an observational study. Elevation of total antioxidant status could have been caused by several factors that might have also influenced the development of rubeosis faciei, including hyperbilirubinemia and hyperuricemia. Conclusions The results contradicted expectations. Total antioxidant status correlated positively with facial erythema index; however, there was no correlation with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. Further investigations should be conducted to reveal the cause of total antioxidant status elevation in patients with rubeosis faciei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Zavorins
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Alise Silova
- Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Kisis
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Abstract
The rationale and scope of the main issues of antioxidant measurement are presented, with basic definitions and terms in antioxidant research (such as reactive species and related antioxidative defenses, oxidative stress, and antioxidant activity and capacity) in a historical background. An overview of technical problems and expectations is given in terms of interpretation of results, precision and comparability of methods, capability of simulating physical reality, and analytical performance (sensitivity, selectivity, etc.). Current analytical methods for measuring antioxidant and antiradical activity are classified from various viewpoints. Reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of current analytical methods are discussed, describing physicochemical aspects of antioxidant action and measurement. Controversies and limitations of the widely used antioxidant assays are elaborated in detail. Emerging techniques in antioxidant testing (e.g., nanotechnology, sensors, electrochemistry, chemometry, and hyphenated methods) are broadly introduced. Finally, hints for the selection of suitable assays (i.e., preferable for a specific purpose) and future prospects are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) , Piyade Street 27 , Cankaya, 06690 Ankara , Turkey
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Brainina K, Stozhko N, Vidrevich M. Antioxidants: Terminology, Methods, and Future Considerations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E297. [PMID: 31404992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unreliable terminology and incompatible units of antioxidant activity/concentration expression lead to the failure of antioxidant clinical trials, ambiguity of conclusions about the effect of a chosen therapy in medicine and evaluation of food quality, diet, difficulties using information in monitoring the training process in sports, etc. Many different terms (antiradical activity, antioxidant activity, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant power, antioxidant ability) and methods: Trolox equivalent capacity assay (TEAC), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity assay (CUPRAC), antioxidative activity assay (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and different options of electrochemical ones) proposed for the determination of antioxidants are described. Possible approaches to the development of this field of science and practice are considered.
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Morais GDS, Vieira TB, Santos GS, Baika LM, Cestari MM, Grassi MT, Navarro da Silva MA. Biological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of Sb in the midge Chironomus sancticaroli Strixino and Strixino, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 176:196-203. [PMID: 30928891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic systems, antimony (Sb) is found in the water column and associated with sediment particles being bioavailable to organisms. Consequently, toxic effects have been detected in benthic invertebrates, but the toxicity after Sb exposure in Chironomidae have not been investigated. Were investigated DNA damage, activities of cholinesterase (ChE), alpha and beta esterase (EST-α, EST-β), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation after acute (48 h) and subchronic exposure (8 d). We also investigated the effects of subchronic (8 d) on development of larvae and chronic (25 d) Sb exposure on emergence and size of adults of Chironomus sancticaroli. Were analyze Sb nominal concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 800 μg.L-1. Genotoxic effects occurred at higher concentrations upon acute (50, 800 μg.L-1) and subchronic exposure (50 μg.L-1). Acute exposure increased ChE, EST-α, EST-β, and GST activities. Subchronic Sb exposure increased EST-α activity at 0.2 μg.L-1 and GST activity at 5 μg.L-1. CAT activity increased at all concentrations while increasing lipid peroxidation levels were observed (1 μg.L-1, 5 μg.L-1 and 50 μg.L-1), indicating oxidative stress. All concentrations of Sb delayed larval development and decreased the number of emerging adults. At high concentrations (50, 500, 800 μg.L-1), the emerging adults were smaller. In conclusion, these varying genotoxic, biochemical and biological effects of Sb make a notable impact on the reproduction and population dynamics of C. sancticaroli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Loana M Baika
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Brandão-Bezerra L, de Carvalho Martins JSC, de Oliveira RMF, Lopes-Torres EJ, Neves RH, Corrêa CL, Machado-Silva JR. Long-term ethanol intake causes morphological changes in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms in mice. Exp Parasitol 2019; 203:30-35. [PMID: 31150655 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni adult worms are extensively challenged by reactive oxygen species from intrinsic sources. However, the effects of extrinsic sources such as ethanol have not been looked at in schistosomes. We examined adult worms recovered from ethanol-consuming mice by light (LM), confocal (CM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to address this question. Schistosomiasis-infected mice were orally gavaged with 18% (v/v) ethanol from 35 to 63 days post-infection, when they were euthanized. CM examination revealed reduced germ cells density (-36%, p = 0.0001) and sperm density (-58%, p = 0.0001) in testicular lobes, and immature cells in seminal vesicle compared to unexposed control worms. Female worms showed reduced density of vitellin glands (-71%, p = 0.0001), maturation of oocytes (-7%, p = 0.0071) and reduced spermatozoa density (-23%, p = 0.0002) within the seminal receptacle. SEM revealed remarkable damages in male's tegument, including tubercles flattening, tegumental peeling and erosive lesions. Given that lipids are present in reproductive system and tegument, our results suggest that phenotypic changes are due to ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report revealing the biological action of ethanol intake on adult schistosomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Brandão-Bezerra
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Santa Cruz de Carvalho Martins
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Lopes-Torres
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Renata Heisler Neves
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Christiane Leal Corrêa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil; Medicine School, Estácio de Sá University, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil.
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Mir NT, Saleem U, Anwar F, Ahmad B, Ullah I, Hira S, Ismail T, Ali T, Ayaz M. Lawsonia Inermis Markedly Improves Cognitive Functions in Animal Models and Modulate Oxidative Stress Markers in the Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050192. [PMID: 31121979 PMCID: PMC6571555 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Medicinal plants represent an important source of alternative medicine for the management of various diseases. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Lawsonia inermis ethanol (Li.Et) and chloroform (Li.Chf) extracts as memory-enhancing agents in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Li.Et and Li.Chf were phytochemically characterized via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Samples were tested for nootropic potentials at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (per oral in experimental animals (p.o.)). Swiss albino mice of either sex (n = 210) were divided into 21 × 10 groups for each animal model. Memory-enhancing potentials of the samples were assessed using two methods including "without inducing amnesia" and "induction of amnesia" by administration of diazepam (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. Piracetam at 400 mg/kg (i.p.) was used as positive control. Cognitive behavioral models including elevated plus maze (EPM) and the passive shock avoidance (PSA) paradigm were used. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress such as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed in the brain tissue of treated mice. Results: In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging assay, Li.Et and Li.Chf exhibited 70.98 ± 1.56 and 66.99 ± 1.76% inhibitions respectively at 1.28 mg/mL concentration. GCMS results revealed the presence of important phytochemicals. Both samples (Li.Et and Li.Chf) at 25 mg/kg (p.o.) dose significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning and memory as indicated by decline in transfer latency and increase in step down latency in EPM and PSA models respectively. Li.Et and Li.Chf at 25 mg/kg (p.o.) showed considerable increase in GSH (2.75 ± 0.018 ***), SOD (2.61 ± 0.059 ***) and CAT (2.71 ± 0.049 ***) levels as compared to positive and negative control groups. Conclusions: This study provides the preliminary clue that L. inermis may be a potential source of memory-enhancing and anti-oxidant compounds and thus warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numra Tariq Mir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12420, Pakistan.
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSAT), Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
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Chikere CO, Faisal NH, Kong Thoo Lin P, Fernandez C. The synergistic effect between graphene oxide nanocolloids and silicon dioxide nanoparticles for gallic acid sensing. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Probiotics prove useful in correcting and preventing numerous health conditions, including those having severe impact on society, e.g., obesity and cancer. Notably, these capabilities of probiotics appear to be associated with their antioxidant properties. The mechanisms of antioxidant action of probiotics range from immediate biochemical scavenging of reactive substances to induction of signaling events leading to increased capacity of the host's cytoprotective systems. Since the antioxidant effects of probiotics significantly vary in types and details, a broad selection of methods of assessment of these properties is required in order to identify, characterize, and develop novel probiotics for medical purposes, as well as to explain the mechanisms of action of probiotics already in use in healthcare. This review revises the versatile toolbox, which can be used to assess the antioxidant properties of probiotics.
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Kacienė G, Miškelytė D, AbdElgawad H, Beemster G, Asard H, Dikšaitytė A, Žaltauskaitė J, Sujetovienė G, Januškaitienė I, Juknys R. O 3 pollution in a future climate increases the competition between summer rape and wild mustard. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:194-205. [PMID: 30557848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The initial aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of elevated CO2 concentration and air temperature (future climate) and O3 pollution on mono- and mixed-culture grown summer rape (Brassica napus L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). The second task was to reveal the mechanisms of the shift in plants' competitiveness in response to single and combined environmental changes. Plants were grown in mono- and mixed-cultures under current climate (CC) (400 μmol mol-1 of CO2, 21/14 °C day/night temperature) or future climate (FC) conditions (800 μmol mol-1 of CO2, 25/18 °C day/night temperature) with and without O3 treatment (180 μg m-3). Competition had relatively little effect on growth of both species at current climate, independent of O3 treatment. In contrast, competitive effect of both plant species considerably increased under FC, and especially FC + O3 conditions, when growth of mixed-culture rape reduced up to 48% and that of wild mustard up to 80%. The mechanisms of elevated competitiveness of rape under the future climate consisted of better antioxidative protection, particularly elevated total antioxidative capacity and activities of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Whereas stronger oxidative damage, disproportionally high activities of H2O2 scavenging enzymes and lower pool of soluble sugars in mixed-culture wild mustard reduced its competitiveness under FC + O3 conditions. In conclusion it must be pointed out, that regardless improved competitive abilities of rape under FC and FC + O3 conditions, competition with wild mustard reduced growth, indicating increased weed-induced yield losses in the future climate, especially with concomitant intensification of O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Kacienė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Miškelytė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Beemster
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Austra Dikšaitytė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Januškaitienė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Juknys
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vileikos St. 8-223, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
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