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Chung KW, Key PB, Tanabe P, DeLorenzo ME. Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Toxicity in Larval Estuarine Organisms. Toxics 2024; 12:267. [PMID: 38668490 PMCID: PMC11053673 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent contaminant that has been found globally within the environment. Key data gaps exist in the toxicity of PFOS to marine organisms, especially estuarine species that are crucial to the food web: fish, shrimp, and mollusks. This study developed toxicity thresholds for larval estuarine species, including grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio), sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), mysids (Americamysis bahia), and Eastern mud snails (Tritia obsoleta). Multiple abiotic stressors (salinity and temperature) were included as variables in testing the toxicity of PFOS. Acute 96 h toxicity testing under standard test conditions of 25 °C and 20 ppt seawater yielded LC50 values of 0.919 mg/L for C. variegatus, 1.375 mg/L for A. bahia, 1.559 mg/L for T. obsoleta, and 2.011 mg/L for P. pugio. The effects of increased temperature (32 °C) and decreased salinity (10 ppt) varied with test species. PFOS toxicity for the sheepshead minnows increased with temperature but was not altered by decreased salinity. For grass shrimp and mud snails, PFOS toxicity was greater under lower salinity. The combination of higher temperature and lower salinity was observed to lower the toxicity thresholds for all species. These data demonstrate that expanding toxicity testing to include a wider range of parameters will improve the environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants, especially for species inhabiting dynamic estuarine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy W. Chung
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; (P.B.K.); (P.T.); (M.E.D.)
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2
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Barbosa F, Rocha BA, Souza MCO, Bocato MZ, Azevedo LF, Adeyemi JA, Santana A, Campiglia AD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Updated aspects of their determination, kinetics in the human body, and toxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2023; 26:28-65. [PMID: 36617662 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2164390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are legacy pollutants of considerable public health concern. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arise from natural and anthropogenic sources and are ubiquitously present in the environment. Several PAHs are highly toxic to humans with associated carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Further, more severe harmful effects on human- and environmental health have been attributed to the presence of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, that is PAHs with molecular mass greater than 300 Da. However, more research has been conducted using low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs). In addition, no HMW PAHs are on the priority pollutants list of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which is limited to only 16 PAHs. However, limited analytical methodologies for separating and determining HMW PAHs and their potential isomers and lack of readily available commercial standards make research with these compounds challenging. Since most of the PAH kinetic data originate from animal studies, our understanding of the effects of PAHs on humans is still minimal. In addition, current knowledge of toxic effects after exposure to PAHs may be underrepresented since most investigations focused on exposure to a single PAH. Currently, information on PAH mixtures is limited. Thus, this review aims to critically assess the current knowledge of PAH chemical properties, their kinetic disposition, and toxicity to humans. Further, future research needs to improve and provide the missing information and minimize PAH exposure to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Barbosa
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Rocha
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília C O Souza
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Z Bocato
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara F Azevedo
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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3
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Zhang J, Wang K, Guo J, Huang Y, Wei Y, Jia K, Peng Y, Lu H. Study on the mechanism of liver toxicity induced by acenaphthene in zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114441. [PMID: 38321660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Acenaphthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that accumulates in organisms and leads to health risks in humans. Although acenaphthene is reported to be toxic to aquatic organisms, its effects of acenaphthene on the livers of these organisms have not been evaluated. Here, zebrafish were used as an experimental model. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 mg/L acenaphthene for 72 h while adult zebrafish were exposed to 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg/L acenaphthene for 28 days. We investigated the mechanism by which acenaphthene causes liver toxicity in zebrafish. The results showed that acenaphthene affected the early development of zebrafish and led to mitochondrial damage by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. The expression of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis was analyzed, observing up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6. The pro-apoptotic genes p53, Caspase-3, and Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were up-regulated, while the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was down-regulated. In addition, we investigated the effects of acenaphthene on liver metabolism. When exposed to acenaphthene, the glycogen content of the liver decreased, while lipid accumulation increased together with alterations in related indicators of liver metabolism. In conclusion, acenaphthene induced oxidative stress through ROS production, leading to mitochondrial damage and activation of pathways associated with inflammation and apoptosis, resulting in hepatotoxicity. This affects normal liver metabolism. Our results revealed the mechanism of hepatotoxicity in zebrafish acenaphthene, and provided new evidence for a more comprehensive understanding of the hepatotoxicity of acenaphthene.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Jia
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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4
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Magnuson JT, Leads RR, McGruer V, Qian L, Tanabe P, Roberts AP, Schlenk D. Transcriptomic profiling of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected zebrafish (Danio rerio) validates oil-induced neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity response pathways. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 254:106356. [PMID: 36423467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global sequencing of microRNA (miRNA; miR) and integration to downstream mRNA expression profiles in early life stages (ELS) of fish following exposure to crude oil determined consistently dysregulated miRNAs regardless of the oil source or fish species. The overlay of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs into in silico software determined that the key roles of these miRNAs were predicted to be involved in cardiovascular, neurological and visually-mediated pathways. Of these, altered expression of miRNAs, miR-203a and miR-34b were predicted to be primary targets of crude oil. To better characterize the effect of these miRNAs to downstream transcript changes, zebrafish embryos were microinjected at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) with either a miR-203a inhibitor or miR-34b. Since both miRs have been shown to be associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) function, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a potent AhR agonist, was used as a potential positive control. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on injected and exposed larvae at 7 and 72 hpf, and eye morphology assessed following exposure at 72 hpf. The top predicted physiological system disease and functions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared with miR-203a inhibitor-injected and miR-34b-injected embryos were involved in brain formation, and the development of the central nervous system and neurons. When DEGs of miR-203a inhibitor-injected embryos were compared with BaP-exposed DEGs, alterations in nervous system development and function, and abnormal morphology of the neurosensory retina, eye and nervous tissue were predicted, consistent with both AhR and non-AhR pathways. When assessed morphologically, the eye area of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected and BaP-exposed embryos were significantly reduced. These results suggest that miR-203a inhibition and miR-34b overexpression contribute to neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity responses that are caused by oil and PAH exposure in ELS fish, and are likely mediated through both AhR and non-AhR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
| | - Rachel R Leads
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Victoria McGruer
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Le Qian
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip Tanabe
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Bonatesta F, Khursigara AJ, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ, Mager EM. Early life-stage Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure induces latent osmoregulatory defects in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109405. [PMID: 35811062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early-life stages (ELSs). A recent study has demonstrated that zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae acutely exposed to Deepwater Horizon (DHW) crude oil showed transcriptional changes in key genes involved in early kidney (pronephros) development and function, which were coupled with pronephric morphological defects. Given the osmoregulatory importance of the kidney, it is unknown whether ELS effects arising from short-term crude exposures result in long-term osmoregulatory defects, particularly within estuarine fishes likely exposed to DWH oil following the spill. To address this knowledge gap, an acute 72 h exposure to red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae was performed using high-energy water-accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) of DWH weathered oil to analyze transcriptional changes in genes involved in pronephros development and function by quantitative PCR. To test the latent effects of oil exposure on osmoregulation ability, red drum larvae were first exposed to HEWAF for 24 h. Larvae were then reared in clean seawater for two weeks and a 96 h acute osmotic challenge test was performed by exposing the fish to waters with varying salinities. Latent effects of ELS crude oil exposure on osmoregulation were assessed by quantifying survival during the acute osmotic challenge test and analyzing transcriptional changes at 14 dpf. Results demonstrated that ELS crude oil exposure reduced survival of red drum larvae when challenged in hypoosmotic waters and that latent transcriptional changes in some target pronephric genes were evident, indicating that an affected kidney likely contributed to the increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kerri L Ackerly
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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6
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Goyal K, Goel H, Baranwal P, Dixit A, Khan F, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Pandey P, Pandey A, Benjamin M, Maurya A, Yadav V, Sinh RS, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Mittan S. Unravelling the molecular mechanism of mutagenic factors impacting human health. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:61993-62013. [PMID: 34410595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC)), and several heavy metals (Ar, Pb, Al, Hg, Cd, Cr) implicated in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormalities, and oxidative stress which leads to multiple disorders and impacting human health. Biological tests for mutagen detection are crucial; therefore, we also discuss several approaches (Ames test and Mutatox test) to estimate mutagenic factors in the environment. The potential risks of environmental mutagens impacting humans require a deeper basic knowledge of human genetics as well as ongoing research on humans, animals, and their tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Goyal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritika Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avanish Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Maurya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana Suryauday Sinh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Nielsen KM, DeCamp L, Birgisson M, Palace VP, Kidd KA, Parrott JL, McMaster ME, Alaee M, Blandford N, Ussery EJ. Comparative Effects of Embryonic Metformin Exposure on Wild and Laboratory-Spawned Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas) Populations. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10193-10203. [PMID: 35748754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems because of its widespread use as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. Laboratory studies have shown that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin can alter metabolic pathways and impact the growth of early life stage (ELS) fish; however, it is unknown whether these effects occur in wild populations. Herein, we evaluate whether findings from laboratory studies are representative and describe the relative sensitivities of both populations. Duplicate exposures (0, 5, or 50 μg/L metformin) were conducted using wild- and lab-spawned fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos. Apart from the water source, exposure conditions remained constant. Wild embryos were exposed to previously dosed lake water to account for changes in bioavailability, while reconstituted freshwater was used for the laboratory study. Developmental metformin exposure differentially impacted the growth and morphology of both cohorts, with energy dyshomeostasis and visual effects indicated. The fitness of wild-spawned larvae was impacted to a greater extent relative to lab-spawned fish. Moreover, baseline data reveal important morphological differences between wild- and lab-spawned ELS fatheads that may diminish representativeness of lab studies. Findings also confirm the bioavailability of metformin in naturally occurring systems and suggest current exposure scenarios may be sufficient to negatively impact developing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Nielsen
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
| | - Lily DeCamp
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
| | - Mona Birgisson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
| | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development─Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology & School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joanne L Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark E McMaster
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Erin J Ussery
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
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González-Penagos CE, Zamora-Briseño JA, Améndola-Pimenta M, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Árcega-Cabrera F, Cruz-Quintana Y, Santana-Piñeros AM, Cañizárez-Martínez MA, Pérez-Vega JA, Ruiz-May E, Rodríguez-Canul R. Integrative description of changes occurring on zebrafish embryos exposed to water-soluble crude oil components and its mixture with a chemical surfactant. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 445:116033. [PMID: 35452689 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of crude oil spills are an ongoing problem for wildlife and human health in both marine and freshwater aquatic environments. Bioassays of model organisms are a convenient way to assess the potential risks of the substances involved in oil spills. Zebrafish embryos (ZFE) are a useful to reach a fast and detailed description of the toxicity of the pollutants, including both the components of the crude oil itself and substances that are commonly used for crude oil spill mitigation (e.g. surfactants). Here, we evaluated the survival rate, as well as histological, morphological, and proteomic changes in ZFE exposed to Water Accumulated Fraction (WAF) of light crude oil and in mixture with dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium (DOSS, e.g. CEWAF: Chemically Enhanced WAF), a surfactant that is frequently used in chemical dispersant formulations. Furthermore, we compared de hydrocarbon concentration of WAF and CEWAF of the sublethal dilution. In histological, morphological, and gene expression variables, the ZFE exposed to WAF showed less changes than those exposed to CEWAF. Proteomic changes were more dramatic in ZFE exposed to WAF, with important alterations in spliceosomal and ribosomal proteins, as well as proteins related to eye and retinal photoreceptor development and heart function. We also found that the concentration of high molecular weight hydrocarbons in water was slighly higher in presence of DOSS, but the low molecular weight hydrocarbons concentration was higher in WAF. These results provide an important starting point for identifying useful crude-oil exposure biomarkers in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo González-Penagos
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Laboratorio de Entomología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, El Instituto de Ecología, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, Mexico
| | - Monica Améndola-Pimenta
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Elizalde-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Entomología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, El Instituto de Ecología, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, Mexico
| | - Flor Árcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán 97356, Mexico
| | - Yanis Cruz-Quintana
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Acuícola, Inocuidad y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Acuicultura y Pesca, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ciudadela Universitaria, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ana María Santana-Piñeros
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Acuícola, Inocuidad y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Acuicultura y Pesca, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ciudadela Universitaria, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
| | - Mayra Alejandra Cañizárez-Martínez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Laboratorio de Entomología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, El Instituto de Ecología, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, Mexico.
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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9
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Bonatesta F, Emadi C, Price ER, Wang Y, Greer JB, Xu EG, Schlenk D, Grosell M, Mager EM. The developing zebrafish kidney is impaired by Deepwater Horizon crude oil early-life stage exposure: A molecular to whole-organism perspective. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:151988. [PMID: 34838918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early life stages (ELSs). While most studies in recent years have focused on cardiac endpoints, evidence from whole-animal transcriptomic analyses and studies with individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate that the developing kidney (i.e., pronephros) is also at risk. Considering the role of the pronephros in osmoregulation, and the common observance of edema in oil-exposed ELS fish, surprisingly little is known regarding the effects of oil exposure on pronephros development and function. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) ELSs, we assessed the transcriptional and morphological responses to two dilutions of high-energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using a combination of qPCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WM-ISH) of candidate genes involved in pronephros development and function, and immunohistochemistry (WM-IHC). To assess potential functional impacts on the pronephros, three 24 h osmotic challenges (2 hypo-osmotic, 1 near iso-osmotic) were implemented at two developmental time points (48 and 96 h post fertilization; hpf) following exposure to HEWAF. Changes in transcript expression level and location specific to different regions of the pronephros were observed by qPCR and WM-ISH. Further, pronephros morphology was altered in crude oil exposed larvae, characterized by failed glomerulus and neck segment formation, and straightening of the pronephric tubules. The osmotic challenges at 96 hpf greatly exacerbated edema in both HEWAF-exposed groups regardless of osmolarity. By contrast, larvae at 48 hpf exhibited no edema prior to the osmotic challenge, but previous HEWAF exposure elicited a concentration-response increase in edema at hypo-osmotic conditions that appeared to have been largely alleviated under near iso-osmotic conditions. In summary, ELS HEWAF exposure impaired proper pronephros development in zebrafish, which coupled with cardiotoxic effects, most likely reduced or inhibited pronephros fluid clearance capacity and increased edema formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Cameron Emadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin B Greer
- Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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10
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Allmon E, Carter G, Griffitt R, Sepúlveda MS. Oil induced cardiac effects in embryonic sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132482. [PMID: 34627815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, much research has been conducted on the cardiotoxic effects of oil on fish. Sensitive life history stages, such as the embryonic period, have been targeted to elucidate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the developing cardiovascular systems of fish. However, much of this research has focused on rapidly developing pelagic species, with little emphasis on estuarine species with longer embryological periods. Moreover, previous studies have used heart rate as the primary endpoint to measure cardiac performance in embryos and larvae; an endpoint that on its own may overlook impairment in cardiac performance. This study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provide a more holistic approach for assessing the effects of PAHs on cardiac function by exposing sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) embryos to two oil doses (150 and 300 μg/L tPAH nominally) throughout embryonic development and measuring cardiac responses through the identification of cardiotoxic phenotypes (pericardial edema) as well as calculation of cardiac output at 4 days post fertilization. Results of this study show significant increases in pericardial edema at both oil doses relative to controls as well as significantly reduced cardiac output - driven by reductions in ventricular stroke volume. This study is one of the first to assess cardiac output in embryonic fish exposed to oil and methods described here allow for more physiologically relevant measures of cardiac performance in early life stages through established and non-invasive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grace Carter
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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11
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Sørhus E, Meier S, Donald CE, Furmanek T, Edvardsen RB, Lie KK. Cardiac dysfunction affects eye development and vision by reducing supply of lipids in fish. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149460. [PMID: 34391158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing organisms are especially vulnerable to environmental stressors. Crude oil exposure in early life stages of fish result in multiple functional and developmental defects, including cardiac dysfunction and abnormal and smaller eyes. Phenanthrene (Phe) has a reversible impact on cardiac function, and under exposure Phe reduces cardiac contractility. Exposure to a known L-type channel blocker, nicardipine hydrochloride (Nic) also disrupts cardiac function and creates eye deformities. We aimed to investigate whether cardiac dysfunction was the major underlying mechanism of crude oil-, Phe- and Nic-induced eye malformations. We exposed Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) early embryos to Nic and crude oil (Oil) and late embryos/early larvae to Phe exposure. All three exposures resulted in cardiac abnormalities and lead to severe, eye, jaw and spinal deformities at early larval stages. At 3 days post hatching, larvae from the exposures and corresponding controls were dissected. Eyes, trunk, head and yolk sac were subjected to lipid profiling, and eyes were also subjected to transcriptomic profiling. Among most enriched pathways in the eye transcriptomes were fatty acid metabolism, calcium signaling and phototransduction. Changes in lipid profiles and the transcriptome suggested that the dysfunctional and abnormal eyes in our exposures were due to both disruption of signaling pathways and insufficient supply of essential fatty acids and other nutrients form the yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sonnich Meier
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carey E Donald
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Furmanek
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf B Edvardsen
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kai K Lie
- Insititue of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
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12
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McGruer V, Khursigara AJ, Magnuson JT, Esbaugh AJ, Greer JB, Schlenk D. Exposure to Deepwater Horizon crude oil increases free cholesterol in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquat Toxicol 2021; 241:105988. [PMID: 34695703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted over 2100 km of shoreline along the northern Gulf of Mexico, which coincided with the spawning season of many coastal species, including red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Red drum develop rapidly and are sensitive to crude oil exposure during the embryonic and larval periods. This study investigates the predictions from recent transcriptomic studies that cholesterol biosynthetic processes are impacted by oil exposure in fish early life stages. We found that red drum larvae exposed for 72 h to ΣPAH50 3.55-15.45 µg L-1 exhibited significantly increased pericardial area, a cardiotoxicity metric, but the expression of several genes targeted in the cholesterol synthesis pathway was not affected. However, whole-mount staining revealed significant increases in free cholesterol throughout the larval body (ΣPAH50 4.71-16.15 µg L-1), and total cholesterol followed an increasing trend (ΣPAH50 3.55-15.45 µg L-1). Cholesterol plays a critical role in fish embryo development and ion channel function. Therefore, the disruption of cholesterol homeostasis, as observed here, could play a role in the oil toxicity phenotype observed across many fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McGruer
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Justin B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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13
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Takeshita R, Bursian SJ, Colegrove KM, Collier TK, Deak K, Dean KM, De Guise S, DiPinto LM, Elferink CJ, Esbaugh AJ, Griffitt RJ, Grosell M, Harr KE, Incardona JP, Kwok RK, Lipton J, Mitchelmore CL, Morris JM, Peters ES, Roberts AP, Rowles TK, Rusiecki JA, Schwacke LH, Smith CR, Wetzel DL, Ziccardi MH, Hall AJ. A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates: what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2021; 24:355-394. [PMID: 34542016 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1975182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies, academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab- and field-based research to understand the toxic effects of the oil. Lab testing was performed with a variety of fish, birds, turtles, and vertebrate cell lines (as well as invertebrates); field biologists conducted observations on fish, birds, turtles, and marine mammals; and epidemiologists carried out observational studies in humans. Eight years after the spill, scientists and resource managers held a workshop to summarize the similarities and differences in the effects of DWH oil on vertebrate taxa and to identify remaining gaps in our understanding of oil toxicity in wildlife and humans, building upon the cross-taxonomic synthesis initiated during the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Across the studies, consistency was found in the types of toxic response observed in the different organisms. Impairment of stress responses and adrenal gland function, cardiotoxicity, immune system dysfunction, disruption of blood cells and their function, effects on locomotion, and oxidative damage were observed across taxa. This consistency suggests conservation in the mechanisms of action and disease pathogenesis. From a toxicological perspective, a logical progression of impacts was noted: from molecular and cellular effects that manifest as organ dysfunction, to systemic effects that compromise fitness, growth, reproductive potential, and survival. From a clinical perspective, adverse health effects from DWH oil spill exposure formed a suite of signs/symptomatic responses that at the highest doses/concentrations resulted in multi-organ system failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Takeshita
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Kathleen M Colegrove
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Brookfield, Illinois, United States
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Zoological Pathology Program, Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States
| | - Kristina Deak
- College of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | | | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lisa M DiPinto
- Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Cornelis J Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulfport, Mississippi, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | | | - John P Incardona
- NOAA Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Carys L Mitchelmore
- University of Maryland Center of Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Morris
- Health and Environment Division, Abt Associates, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Edward S Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, LSU School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Teresa K Rowles
- NOAA Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer A Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Cynthia R Smith
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Dana L Wetzel
- Environmental Laboratory of Forensics, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Michael H Ziccardi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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14
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Greer JB, Magnuson JT, McGruer V, Qian L, Dasgupta S, Volz DC, Schlenk D. miR133b Microinjection during Early Development Targets Transcripts of Cardiomyocyte Ion Channels and Induces Oil-like Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2209-2215. [PMID: 34558284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that altered expression of a family of small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, or miRs) regulates the expression of downstream mRNAs and is associated with diseases and developmental disorders. miR133b is highly expressed in mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscle, and aberrant expression is associated with cardiac disorders and electrophysiological changes in cardiomyocytes. Similarly, cardiac dysfunction has been observed in early life-stage mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) exposed to crude oil, a phenotype that has been associated with an upregulation of miR133b as well as subsequent downregulation of a delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr) and calcium signaling genes that are important for proper heart development during embryogenesis. To examine the potential role of miR133b in oil-induced early life-stage cardiotoxicity in fish, cleavage-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were either (1) microinjected with ∼3 nL of negative control miR (75 μM) or miR133b (75 μM) or (2) exposed to a treatment solution containing 5 μM benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, as a positive control. At 72 h post fertilization (hpf), miR133b-injected fish exhibited BaP-like cardiovascular malformations, including a significantly increased pericardial area relative to negative control miR-injected embryos, as well as a significantly reduced eye area. qPCR revealed that miR133b microinjection decreased the abundance of cardiac-specific IKr kcnh6 at 5 hpf, which may contribute to action potential elongation in oil-exposed cardiomyocytes. Additionally, ryanodine receptor 2, a crucial calcium receptor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was also downregulated by miR133b. These results indicate that an oil-induced increase in miR133b may contribute to cardiac abnormalities in oil-exposed fish by targeting cardiac-specific genes essential for proper heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Munnelly RT, Windecker CC, Reeves DB, Rieucau G, Portier RJ, Chesney EJ. Effects of short-duration oil exposure on bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) embryos and larvae: mortality, malformation, and foraging. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 237:105904. [PMID: 34274865 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill highlighted the need to understand the effects of oil exposure on marine eggs and larvae. To determine how short-duration exposure impacts the survivability of early life stages of the bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, embryos and larvae ≤ 3-days-post-hatch (dph) were exposed to high-energy water accommodated fractions of weathered crude oil for 2 or 6 h. Lethal and sublethal effects of short-duration oil exposure were observed, including crippling malformations and altered optimal swimming and foraging behavior of larvae without malformation. The probability of mortality for larvae exposed as embryos (37.37 and 77.31 µg L-1 total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or 'TPAH'), assessed 48 h after exposure, increased from 0.06 to 0.15 (2 h) and 0.10-0.23 (6 h) relative to unoiled controls. When exposed as 1-dph larvae (8.80-37.37 µg L-1 TPAH) and assessed 24 h after exposure, the probabilities increased from 0.20 to 0.76 (2 h) and 0.28-0.99 (6 h). Among surviving larvae, probabilities of yolk-sac, finfold, notochord, and cranio-facial malformations increased with exposure concentration, duration, and time after exposure by up to 0.07 immediately following exposure of 1-dph larvae and 0.55 24 h after exposure. When assessed 48 h after exposure as embryos, the probability of larval malformation reached 0.43. First-feeding (3-dph) foraging behavior was altered immediately and 24 h after 2 h exposures (8.80-77.31 µg L-1 TPAH). Time spent in motion and swim speed increased with exposure concentration by up to 331% and 189%, respectively. The number of bursts min-1 increased by 293% immediately and 152% 24 h after exposure. Burst distance decreased by 201%. Pause duration and burst speed decreased by 391% and 250% immediately and 124% and 109% 24 h after exposure. No effects were found for burst duration or tortuosity. Our results suggest potential cascading effects on fitness and trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Munnelly
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, USA.
| | - Claire C Windecker
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, USA
| | - David B Reeves
- National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 301 Main Street, Suite 1650, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 7080, USA
| | - Guillaume Rieucau
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, USA
| | - Ralph J Portier
- Louisiana State University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Energy, Coast and Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Edward J Chesney
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, USA
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16
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Khursigara AJ, Rowsey LE, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. Behavioral Changes in a Coastal Marine Fish Lead to Increased Predation Risk Following Oil Exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:8119-8127. [PMID: 34032421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishes exposed to crude oil have shown reduced sociability and poor habitat selection, which corresponded with increased predation risk. However, the contribution of oil-induced cardiorespiratory impairments to these findings is uncertain. This study explores the effect of oil exposure on predation risk in a model fish species, Sciaenops ocellatus, across a suite of physiological and behavioral end points to elucidate the mechanisms through which any observed effects are manifested. Using mesocosms to assess group predator avoidance, oil exposure to 36.3 μg l-1 ΣPAH reduced the time to 50% mortality from a mean time of 80.0 (74.1-86.0 95% confidence interval [CI]) min to 39.2 (35.6-42.8 95% CI) min. The influence of oil impaired cardiorespiratory and behavioral pathways on predation risk was assessed based on respiratory performance, swim performance, sociability, and routine activity. Swim trials demonstrated that cardiorespiratory and swim performance were unaffected by exposures to 26.6 or 100.8 μg l-1 ΣPAH. Interestingly, behavioral tests revealed that exposure to 26.6 μg l-1 ΣPAH increased distance moved, speed, acceleration, and burst activity. These data indicate that behavioral impairment is more sensitive than cardiorespiratory injury and may be a more important driver of downstream ecological risk following oil exposure in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Lauren E Rowsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
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17
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Philibert DA, Lyons DD, Tierney KB. Comparing the effects of unconventional and conventional crude oil exposures on zebrafish and their progeny using behavioral and genetic markers. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:144745. [PMID: 33736363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diluted bitumen, also known as dilbit, is transported by rail and pipeline across Canada and the United States. Due to the fewer number of studies characterizing the toxicity of dilbit, a dilbit spill poses an unknown risk to freshwater aquatic ecosystems. In the following study, we compared the impact of early-life exposure to conventional and unconventional crude oils on the optomotor behavior, reproductive success, and transgenerational differences in gene expression in zebrafish and their progeny. For exposures, water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of crude oil were generated using a 1:1000 oil to water ratio for 3 different crudes; mixed sweet blend (MSB), medium sour composite (MSC) and dilbit. All three oils generated unique volatile organic compound (VOC) and polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) profiles. Of the WAFs tested, only dilbit decreased the eye size of 2 dpf larvae, and only MSB exposed larvae had an altered behavioral response to a visual simulation of a predator. Early-life exposure to crude oil had no lasting impact on reproductive success of adult fish; however, each oil had unique impacts on the basal gene expression of the somatically exposed offspring. In this study, the biological effects differed between each of the oils tested, which implied chemical composition plays a critical role in determining the sublethal toxicity of conventional and unconventional crude oils in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Philibert
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Danielle D Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ketih B Tierney
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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18
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Tanabe P, Mitchell CA, Cheng V, Chen Q, Volz DC, Schlenk D. Stage-dependent and regioselective toxicity of 2- and 6-hydroxychrysene during Japanese medaka embryogenesis. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 234:105791. [PMID: 33714762 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) at critical developmental time-points in fish models impairs red blood cell concentrations in a regioselective manner, with 2-hydroxychrysene being more potent than 6-hydroxychrysene. To better characterize this phenomenon, embryos of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 2- or 6-hydroxychrysene (0.5, 2, or 5 μM) from 4 h-post-fertilization (hpf) to 7 d-post-fertilization. Following exposure, hemoglobin concentrations were quantified by staining fixed embryos with o-dianisidine (a hemoglobin-specific dye) and stained embryos were imaged using brightfield microscopy. Exposure to 2-hydroxychrysene resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in hemoglobin relative to vehicle-exposed embryos, while only the highest concentration of 6-hydroxychrysene resulted in a significant decrease in hemoglobin. All tested concentrations of 2-hydroxychrysene also caused significant mortality (12.2 % ± 2.94, 38.9 % ± 14.4, 85.6 % ± 11.3), whereas mortality was not observed following exposure to 6-hydroxychrysene. Therefore, treatment of embryos with 2-hydroxychrysene at various developmental stages and durations was subsequently conducted to identify key developmental landmarks that may be targeted by 2-hydroxychrysene. A sensitive window of developmental toxicity to 2-hydroxychrysene was found between 52-100 hpf, with a 24 h exposure to 10 μM 2-hydroxychrysene resulting in significant anemia and mortality. Since exposure to 2-hydroxychrysene from 52 to 100 hpf, a window that includes liver morphogenesis in medaka, resulted in the highest magnitude of toxicity, liver development and function may have a role in 2-hydroxychrysene developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tanabe
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Constance A Mitchell
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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19
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Li X, Xiong D, Ju Z, Xiong Y, Ding G, Liao G. Phenotypic and transcriptomic consequences in zebrafish early-life stages following exposure to crude oil and chemical dispersant at sublethal concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:143053. [PMID: 33129528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To further understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the developmental toxicity of crude oil and chemically dispersed crude oil on fish early-life stages (ELS), zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), low-energy water-accommodated fractions (LEWAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Merey crude oil at sublethal concentrations for 120 h. We employed the General Morphology Score (GMS) and General Teratogenic Score (GTS) systems in conjunction with high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis to evaluate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in zebrafish ELS. Results showed that ΣPAHs concentrations in LEWAF and CEWAF solutions were 507.63 ± 80.95 ng·L-1 and 4039.51 ± 241.26 ng·L-1, respectively. The GMS and GTS values indicated that CEWAF exposure caused more severe developmental delay and higher frequencies of teratogenic effects than LEWAF exposure. Moreover, no significant change in heart rate was observed in LEWAF treatment, while CEWAF exposure caused a significant reduction in heart rate. LEWAF and CEWAF exposure exhibited an overt change in eye area, with a reduction of 4.0% and 25.3% (relative to the control), respectively. Additionally, no obvious impact on phenotypic development was observed in zebrafish embryo-larvae following DISP exposure. Significant changes in gene expression were detected in LEWAF and CEWAF treatments, with a total of 957 and 2062 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, while DISP exposure altered only 91 DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LEWAF and CEWAF exposure caused significant perturbations in the pathways associated with phototransduction, retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and immune response-related pathways. Our results provide more valid evidence to corroborate the previous suggestion that ocular impairment is an equal or possibly more sensitive biomarker than cardiotoxicity in fish ELS exposed to oil-derived PAHs. All these findings could gain further mechanistic insights into the effects of crude oil and chemical dispersant on fish ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Zhonglei Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yijun Xiong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guoxiang Liao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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20
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Sørhus E, Donald CE, da Silva D, Thorsen A, Karlsen Ø, Meier S. Untangling mechanisms of crude oil toxicity: Linking gene expression, morphology and PAHs at two developmental stages in a cold-water fish. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143896. [PMID: 33316527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of fish are highly sensitive to crude oil exposure and thus, short term exposures during critical developmental periods could have detrimental consequences for juvenile survival. Here we administered crude oil to Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in short term (3-day) exposures at two developmental time periods: before first heartbeat, from gastrulation to cardiac cone stage (early), and from first heartbeat to one day before hatching (late). A frequent sampling regime enabled us to determine immediate PAH uptake, metabolite formation and gene expression changes. In general, the embryotoxic consequences of an oil exposure were more severe in the early exposure animals. Oil droplets on the eggshell resulted in severe cardiac and craniofacial abnormalities in the highest treatments. Gene expression changes of Cytochrome 1 a, b, c and d (cyp1a, b, c, d), Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (bmp10), ABC transporter b1 (abcb1) and Rh-associated G-protein (rhag) were linked to PAH uptake, occurrence of metabolites of phenanthrene and developmental and functional abnormalities. We detected circulation-independent, oil-induced gene expression changes and separated phenotypes linked to proliferation, growth and disruption of formation events at early and late developmental stages. Changes in bmp10 expression suggest a direct oil-induced effect on calcium homeostasis. Localized expression of rhag propose an impact on osmoregulation. Severe eye abnormalities were linked to possible inappropriate overexpression of cyp1b in the eyes. This study gives an increased knowledge about developmentally dependent effects of crude oil toxicity. Thus, our findings provide more knowledge and detail to new and several existing adverse outcome pathways of crude oil toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Denis da Silva
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA), 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, USA
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21
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DeLorenzo ME, Key PB, Chung KW, Aaby K, Hausman D, Jean C, Pennington PL, Pisarski EC, Wirth EF. Multi-stressor Effects of Ultraviolet Light, Temperature, and Salinity on Louisiana Sweet Crude Oil Toxicity in Larval Estuarine Organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 80:461-473. [PMID: 33528594 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When oil is spilled into the environment its toxicity is affected by abiotic conditions. The cumulative and interactive stressors of chemical contaminants and environmental factors are especially relevant in estuaries where tidal fluctuations cause wide variability in salinity, temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) light penetration, which is an important modifying factor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) toxicity. Characterizing the interactions of multiple stressors on oil toxicity will improve prediction of environmental impacts under various spill scenarios. This study examined changes in crude oil toxicity with temperature, salinity, and UV light. Oil exposures included high-energy, water-accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) and thin oil sheens. Larval (24-48 h post hatch) estuarine species representing different trophic levels and habitats were evaluated. Mean 96 h LC50 values for oil prepared as a HEWAF and tested under standard conditions (20 ppt, 25 °C, No-UV) were 62.5 µg/L tPAH50 (mud snails), 198.5 µg/L (grass shrimp), and 774.5 µg/L (sheepshead minnows). Thin oil sheen 96 h LC50 values were 5.3 µg/L tPAH50 (mud snails), 14.7 µg/L (grass shrimp), and 22.0 µg/L (sheepshead minnows) under standard conditions. UV light significantly increased the toxicity of oil in all species tested. Oil toxicity also was greater under elevated temperature and lower salinity. Multi-stressor (oil combined with either increased temperature, decreased salinity, or both) LC50 values were reduced to 3 µg/L tPAH50 for HEWAFs and < 1.0 µg/L tPAH50 for thin oil sheens. Environmental conditions at the time of an oil spill will significantly influence oil toxicity and organismal response and should be taken into consideration in toxicity testing and oil spill damage assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E DeLorenzo
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - Peter B Key
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Katy W Chung
- CSS, Inc. Under Contract to NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kaitlin Aaby
- St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Paul L Pennington
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Emily C Pisarski
- CSS, Inc. Under Contract to NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Edward F Wirth
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
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22
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Allmon E, Serafin J, Chen S, Rodgers ML, Griffitt R, Bosker T, de Guise S, Sepúlveda MS. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and abiotic stressors on Fundulus grandis cardiac transcriptomics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 752:142156. [PMID: 33207514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, extensive research has been conducted on the toxicity of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic environment. Many studies have identified the toxicological effects of PAHs in estuarine and marine fishes, however, only recently has work begun to identify the combinatorial effect of PAHs and abiotic environmental factors such as hypoxia, salinity, and temperature. This study aims to characterize the combined effects of abiotic stressors and PAH exposure on the cardiac transcriptomes of developing Fundulus grandis larvae. In this study, F. grandis larvae were exposed to varying environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) 2, 6 ppm; temperature 20, 30 °C; and salinity 3, 30 ppt) as well as to a single concentration of high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) (∑PAHs 15 ppb). Whole larvae were sampled for RNA and transcriptional changes were quantified using RNA-Seq followed by qPCR for a set of target genes. Analysis revealed that exposure to oil and abiotic stressors impacts signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular function. Specifically, combined exposures appear to reduce development of the systemic vasculature as well as strongly impact the cardiac musculature through cardiomyocyte proliferation resulting in inhibited cardiac function and modulated blood pressure maintenance. Results of this study provide a holistic view of impacts of PAHs and common environmental stressors on the cardiac system in early life stage estuarine species. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to simultaneously manipulate oil exposure with abiotic factors (DO, salinity, temperature) and the first to analyze cardiac transcriptional responses under these co-exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Serafin
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria L Rodgers
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
| | - Robert Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Anna van Buerenplein 301, 2595 DG The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain de Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Point61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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23
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Aimon C, Lebigre C, Le Bayon N, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Effects of dispersant treated oil upon exploratory behaviour in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111592. [PMID: 33396115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accidental spills are pervasive pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Resorting to chemical dispersant is one of the most implemented strategies in response to oil spills, but it results in an increase in the bio-availability of oil compounds known to disturb fish neurosensory capacities and hence fish habitat use. While it has become well established that acute oil exposure can cause a range of physiological defects, sub-lethal consequences on animal behaviour have only received recent attention. Here we investigated the effect of an exposure to a 62 h- dispersant treated oil on the exploration tendency (exploratory activity, and avoidance of unfamiliar open areas) of juvenile European sea bass. Three different concentrations of chemically dispersed oil were tested, low and medium conditions bracketing the range of likely situations that fish encounter following an oil spill, the high dose representing a more severe condition. Fish recovery capacities were also evaluated during 2 weeks post-exposure. Our results suggest a dose-response relationship; the low dose (0.048 ± 0.007 g L-1 of total petroleum hydrocarbons ([TPH])) had no effect on sea bass behavioural response to a novel environment while medium (0.243 ± 0.012 g L-1 [TPH]) and high (0.902 ± 0.031 g L-1 [TPH]) doses altered fish exploratory activity and their typical avoidance of unfamiliar open areas. Our experiment also suggest signs of recovery capacities in the first 10 days following oil exposure even if fish might need more time to fully recover from observed alterations. We discuss the possibility that observed alterations may result from a neurosensory or physiological known defects of oil exposure, causing anaesthetic-like sedative behaviours. Altogether, this study shows that juvenile sea bass exposed to oil spill exhibit transient behavioural impairments that may have major population-level consequences given the high mortality experienced by juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France.
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- Ifremer, Fisheries Science and Technology Unit (STH/LBH), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Cezon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predntre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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24
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Abstract
Millions of tons of oil are spilled in aquatic environments every decade, and this oil has the potential to greatly impact fish populations. Here, we review available information on the physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish. Oil toxicity affects multiple biological systems, including cardiac function, cholesterol biosynthesis, peripheral and central nervous system function, the stress response, and osmoregulatory and acid-base balance processes. We propose that cholesterol depletion may be a significant contributor to impacts on cardiac, neuronal, and synaptic function as well as reduced cortisol production and release. Furthermore, it is possible that intracellular calcium homeostasis-a part of cardiotoxic and neuronal function that is affected by oil exposure-may be related to cholesterol depletion. A detailed understanding of oil impacts and affected physiological processes is emerging, but knowledge of their combined effects on fish in natural habitats is largely lacking. We identify key areas deserving attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA; ,
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA; ,
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25
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Price ER, Mager EM. The effects of exposure to crude oil or PAHs on fish swim bladder development and function. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108853. [PMID: 32777466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The failure of the swim bladder to inflate during fish development is a common and sensitive response to exposure to petrochemicals. Here, we review potential mechanisms by which petrochemicals or their toxic components (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs) may affect swim bladder inflation, particularly during early life stages. Surface films formed by oil can cause a physical barrier to primary inflation by air gulping, and are likely important during oil spills. The act of swimming to the surface for primary inflation can be arduous for some species, and may prevent inflation if this behavior is limited by toxic effects on vision or musculature. Some studies have noted altered gene expression in the swim bladder in response to PAHs, and Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) can be induced in swim bladder or rete mirabile tissue, suggesting that PAHs can have direct effects on swim bladder development. Swim bladder inflation failure can also occur secondarily to the failure of other systems; cardiovascular impairment is the best elucidated of these mechanisms, but other mechanisms might include non-inflation as a sequela of disruption to thyroid signaling or cholesterol metabolism. Failed swim bladder inflation has the potential to lead to chronic sublethal effects that are as yet unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America.
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America
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26
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Bonatesta F, Leads RR, Price ER, Roberts AP, Mager EM. Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Ultraviolet Light and their Co-Exposure on Deepwater Horizon crude oil acute toxicity to larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:2509-2515. [PMID: 33006780 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, ubiquitous natural factors such as ultraviolet light (UV) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are likely to influence crude oil toxicity. The present study examined the interactive effects of DOC, UV, and DOC-UV co-exposure on the acute toxicity of Deepwater Horizon crude oil in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Although DOC alone did not influence crude oil toxicity, it mildly reduced UV photo-enhanced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2509-2515. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel R Leads
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin R Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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27
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Cresci A, Paris CB, Browman H, Skiftesvik AB, Shema S, Bjelland R, Durif CMF, Foretich M, Di Persia C, Lucchese V, Vikebø FB, Sørhus E. Effects of Exposure to Low Concentrations of Oil on the Expression of Cytochrome P4501a and Routine Swimming Speed of Atlantic Haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Larvae In Situ. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:13879-13887. [PMID: 32990430 PMCID: PMC7659032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of oil could impact survival of fish larvae in situ through subtle effects on larval behavior. During the larval period, Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are transported toward nursery grounds by ocean currents and active swimming, which can modify their drift route. Haddock larvae are sensitive to dispersed oil; however, whether exposure to oil during development impacts the ability of haddock larvae to swim in situ is unknown. Here, we exposed Atlantic haddock embryos to 10 and 80 μg oil/L (0.1 and 0.8 μg ∑PAH/L) of crude oil for 8 days and used a novel approach to measure its effect on the larval swimming behavior in situ. We assessed the swimming behavior of 138 haddock larvae in situ, in the North Sea, using a transparent drifting chamber. Expression of cytochrome P4501a (cyp1a) was also measured. Exposure to 10 and 80 μg oil/L significantly reduced the average in situ routine swimming speed by 30-40% compared to the controls. Expression of cyp1a was significantly higher in both exposed groups. This study reports key information for improving oil spill risk assessment models and presents a novel approach to study sublethal effects of pollutants on fish larvae in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cresci
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
- . Mobile: +47 485 06 296
| | - Claire B. Paris
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Howard
I. Browman
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Steven Shema
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Reidun Bjelland
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline M. F. Durif
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Matthew Foretich
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Camilla Di Persia
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Veronica Lucchese
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Frode B. Vikebø
- Institute
of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute
of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
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28
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Cave EJ, Kajiura SM. Electrosensory Impairment in the Atlantic Stingray, Hypanus sabinus, After Crude Oil Exposure. ZOOLOGY 2020; 143:125844. [PMID: 33130491 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are renowned for their extremely sensitive electrosensory system, which is used to detect predators, prey, and mates, and is possibly used for navigation. The proper functioning of the electrosensory system is thus critical to fitness. The objective of this study was to test whether exposure to crude oil impairs the electroreceptive capabilities of elasmobranch fishes. Electrosensory function was quantified from six stingrays before and after exposure to a concentration of oil that mimicked empirically measured concentrations along the coast of Louisiana following the Deepwater Horizon spill. Orientation distance (cm), and angle with respect to the dipole axis of a prey-simulating electric field were used to derive the electric field intensity that elicited a response. Oil exposed stingrays continued to exhibit feeding behavior, but they initiated orientations to prey-simulating electric fields from a significantly closer orientation distance. The mean orientation distance after oil exposure was 5.29 ± 0.41 SE cm compared to a pre-exposure orientation distance of 7.16 ± 0.66 SE cm. Stingrays required a mean electric field intensity of 0.596 ± 0.21 SE μV cm-1 to initiate a response after oil exposure, compared to a mean of only 0.127 ± 0.03 SE μV cm-1 in uncontaminated seawater. Oil exposed stingrays thus exhibited a response to a stimulus approximately 4.7 times greater than controls. Stingrays impacted by an oil spill appear to experience reduced electrosensory capabilities, which could detrimentally impact fitness. This study is the first to quantify the effects of crude oil on behavioral electrosensory function.
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29
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Krzykwa JC, Jeffries MK. Development of a larval fathead minnow optomotor response assay for assessing visual function. MethodsX 2020; 7:100971. [PMID: 32642453 PMCID: PMC7334461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The optomotor response (OMR) is a position stabilizing reflex to whole-field visual motion, demonstrated by fish instinctually moving to follow alternating black and white stripes. The OMR assay is used to assess the visual function of fish. While researchers have been using the OMR assay for years to evaluate the visual acuity of fish, no standardized methods exist. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop a standardized protocol for the measurement of OMR in larval fathead minnows, a common model species in ecotoxicology. Results indicate that OMR is a potential endpoint for the assessment of vision in larval fathead minnows and can be quantified as early as 9 dpf. When running the OMR assay, a 4-min acclimation period should be implemented. There did not appear to be a learning component to response latency; however, high variation in likely impeded the ability to detect significant differences.Optomotor response of fathead minnow larvae can be quantified as early as 9 dpf. When running the assay, a 4-min acclimation period should be implemented. Due to high variation, response latency is not recommended for use as an endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Krzykwa
- Texas Christian University, Department of Biology, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States
| | - Marlo K Jeffries
- Texas Christian University, Department of Biology, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States
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30
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Magnuson JT, Bautista NM, Lucero J, Lund AK, Xu EG, Schlenk D, Burggren WW, Roberts AP. Exposure to Crude Oil Induces Retinal Apoptosis and Impairs Visual Function in Fish. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:2843-2850. [PMID: 32036658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil are known to impair visual development in fish. However, the underlying mechanism of PAH-induced toxicity to the visual system of fish is not understood. Embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 4 h post fertilization were exposed to weathered crude oil and assessed for visual function using an optokinetic response, with subsequent samples taken for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. Cardiotoxicity was also assessed by measuring the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, as cardiac performance has been proposed to be a contributing factor to eye-associated malformations following oil exposure. Larvae exposed to the highest concentrations of crude oil (89.8 μg/L) exhibited an increased occurrence of bradycardia, though no changes in stroke volume or cardiac output were observed. However, genes important in eye development and phototransduction were downregulated in oil-exposed larvae, with an increased occurrence of cellular apoptosis, reduced neuronal connection, and reduced optokinetic behavioral response in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Naim M Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Amie K Lund
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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31
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Honda M, Suzuki N. Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Aquatic Animals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1363. [PMID: 32093224 PMCID: PMC7068426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that are widely distributed in the air, water, and soil. Recently, the amount of PAHs derived from fuels and from incomplete combustion processes is increasing. In the aquatic environment, oil spills directly cause PAH pollution and affect marine organisms. Oil spills correlate very well with the major shipping routes. Furthermore, accidental oil spills can seriously impact the marine environment toxicologically. Here, we describe PAH toxicities and related bioaccumulation properties in aquatic animals, including invertebrates. Recent studies have revealed the toxicity of PAHs, including endocrine disruption and tissue-specific toxicity, although researchers have mainly focused on the carcinogenic toxicity of PAHs. We summarize the toxicity of PAHs regarding these aspects. Additionally, the bioaccumulation properties of PAHs for organisms, including invertebrates, are important factors when considering PAH toxicity. In this review, we describe the bioaccumulation properties of PAHs in aquatic animals. Recently, microplastics have been the most concerning environmental problem in the aquatic ecosystem, and the vector effect of microplastics for lipophilic compounds is an emerging environmental issue. Here, we describe the correlation between PAHs and microplastics. Thus, we concluded that PAHs have a toxicity for aquatic animals, indicating that we should emphasize the prevention of aquatic PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Honda
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
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32
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Abstract
An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig in 2010 lead to the largest marine oil spill to occur in US history, resulting in significant impacts to the ecosystems and organisms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The present review sought to summarize and discuss findings from the 50+ peer-reviewed publications reporting effects of DWH oil exposure on teleost fish, and concludes that oil toxicity is a multi-target, multi-organ syndrome with substantial species-specific sensitivity differences. Of the 15 species tested with characterized exposures, 20% show effects at concentrations <1 μg l-1 while 50% display effects at <8.6 μg l-1 ΣPAH50, concentrations well within the range of reported environmental levels during the spill. Cardiotoxic effects are among the most frequently reported endpoints in DWH oil exposure studies and are thought to have significant downstream effects on fitness and survival. However, additional and possibly cardio-toxic independent impacts on sensory function and behavior are reported at very low exposure concentrations (< 1 μg l-1 ∑PAH50) and are clearly deserving of further study. Available information about modes of action leading to different categories of effects are summarized in the present review. An overview of the literature illustrates that early life stages (ELS) are approximately 1-order of magnitude more sensitive than corresponding later life stages, but also illustrates that adults can be impacted at concentrations as low as 4 μg l-1 ΣPAH50. The majority of studies exploring DWH oil toxicity in fish are performed using acute exposures (1-2 days), mid-range test temperatures (26-28 °C) and measure effects at the molecular to organismal levels, leaving a pressing need for more long-term exposures, exposures at the upper and lower levels of GoM relevant temperatures, and studies investigating population level impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA.
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Warren Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA
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33
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Bridges KN, Magnuson JT, Curran TE, Barker A, Roberts AP, Venables BJ. Alterations to the vision-associated transcriptome of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following developmental norethindrone exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 69:137-142. [PMID: 31071662 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic sex steroids, like the synthetic progestin norethindrone (NET), can affect a wide variety of biological processes via highly conserved mechanisms. NET is prevalent in surface waters, yet the sub-lethal effects of NET exposure are not are net yet well characterized in aquatic biota. A few targeted gene expression and behavioral studies have concluded that NET affects the vision of adult fish; however, early life stage (ELS) fish are often more sensitive to contaminants. Furthermore, many species of fish rely heavily on visual perception for survival during development. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of NET on the visual system of ELS zebrafish, using transcriptomics and histological methods. Results indicate that exposure to relatively low levels of NET in aquatic systems may be sufficient to affect the visual function of developing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Bridges
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Thomas E Curran
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Andrew Barker
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Barney J Venables
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
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Greer JB, Pasparakis C, Stieglitz JD, Benetti D, Grosell M, Schlenk D. Effects of corexit 9500A and Corexit-crude oil mixtures on transcriptomic pathways and developmental toxicity in early life stage mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Aquat Toxicol 2019; 212:233-240. [PMID: 31146055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in early life stage fish has been well-characterized to induce phenotypic malformations such as altered heart development and other morphological impacts. The effects of chemical oil dispersants on toxicity are more controversial. To better understand how chemical dispersion of oil can impact toxicity in pelagic fish, embryos of mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) were exposed to three concentrations of the chemical dispersant Corexit 9500A, or Corexit 9500A-oil mixtures (chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions: CEWAF) of Deepwater Horizon crude oil for 48 h. RNA sequencing, gene ontology enrichment, and phenotypic measurements were conducted to assess toxicity. Exposure to Corexit 9500A altered expression of less than 50 genes at all concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L nominal concentration) and did not induce acute mortality or phenotypic malformations, corroborating other studies showing minimal effects of Corexit 9500A on developing mahi-mahi embryos. CEWAF preparations contained environmentally relevant ∑PAH concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 3.1 μg/L and similarly did not alter larval morphology. Differentially expressed genes and significantly altered pathways related to cardiotoxicity, visual impairments, and Ca2+ homeostasis reinforced previous work that expression of genes associated with the heart and eye are highly sensitive molecular endpoints in oil-exposed early life stage fish. Differential expression and gene ontology pathways were similar across the three CEWAF treatments, indicating that increased chemical dispersion did not alter molecular outcomes within the range tested here. In addition, significant sublethal molecular responses occurred in the absence of observable phenotypic changes to the heart, indicating that effects of oil on early life stage fish may not be completely dependent on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Deptartment of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Benetti
- Deptartment of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Khursigara AJ, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ. Oil toxicity and implications for environmental tolerance in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:52-61. [PMID: 30878452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its constituent chemicals are common environmental toxicants in aquatic environments worldwide, and have been the subject of intense research for decades. Importantly, aquatic environments are also the sites of numerous other environmental disturbances that can impact the endemic fauna. While there have been a number of attempts to explore the potential additive and synergistic effects of oil exposure and environmental stressors, many of these efforts have focused on the cumulative effects on typical toxicological endpoints (e.g. survival, growth, reproduction and cellular damage). Fewer studies have investigated the impact that oil exposure may have on the ability of exposed animals to tolerate typically encountered environmental stressors, despite the fact that this is an important consideration when placing oil spills in an ecological context. Here we review the available data and highlight potentially understudied areas relating to how oil exposure may impair organismal responses to common environmental stressors in fishes. We focused on four common environmental stressors in aquatic environments - hypoxia, temperature, salinity and acid-base disturbances - while also considering social stress and impacts on the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. Overall, we believe the evidence supports treating the impacts of oil exposure on environmental tolerance as an independent endpoint of toxicity in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
| | - Kerri L Ackerly
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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Huang Y, Song Y, Johnson D, Huang J, Dong R, Liu H. Selenium enhanced phytoremediation of diesel contaminated soil by Alternanthera philoxeroides. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:347-352. [PMID: 30784798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a 60-day pot culture experiment, we investigated the effect of selenium on phytoremediation of soil containing high-level diesel by Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed). Diesel (20 g kg-1) decreased the growth of A. philoxeroides and induced oxidative stress, as indicated by tissue levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Adding Se (0.5 or 1.5 mg kg-1) to diesel-treated soil alleviated oxidative stress and improved biomass production, and the low dose was as effective as the high dose. After 60 days, the reduction in rhizospheric soil diesel was 20.1 ± 0.55% without Se and 35.2 ± 3.6% with Se, showing a significant increase in efficiency. Again, the low Se dose was as effective as the high dose. These findings advance the field phytoremediation by demonstrating that Se, at 0.5 mg kg-1, enhances removal and increases plant tolerance to petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Huang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Yizhi Song
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - David Johnson
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Jueying Huang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ren Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Huigang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China.
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Xu EG, Khursigara AJ, Li S, Esbaugh AJ, Dasgupta S, Volz DC, Schlenk D. mRNA-miRNA-Seq Reveals Neuro-Cardio Mechanisms of Crude Oil Toxicity in Red Drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus). Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:3296-3305. [PMID: 30816040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil can cause global gene dysregulation and developmental impairment in fish. However, the mechanisms that alter gene regulation are not well understood. In this study, larval red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus) were exposed to water accommodated fractions of source oil (6.8, 13.7, and 35.9 μg/L total PAHs) and weathered slick oil (4.7, 8.1, and 18.0 μg/L total PAHs) from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. The global mRNA-microRNA functional networks associated with the toxicity of DWH oil were explored by next-generation sequencing and in-depth bioinformatics analyses. Both source and slick oil significantly altered the expression of miR-18a, miR-27b, and miR-203a across all exposure concentrations. Consistent with the observed concentration-dependent morphological changes, the target mRNAs of these microRNAs were predominantly involved in neuro-cardio system development processes and associated key signaling pathways such as axonal guidance signaling, cAMP-response-element-binding protein signaling in neurons, calcium signaling, and nuclear-factor-of-activated T cells signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. The results indicated that the developmental toxicity of crude oil may result from the abnormal expression of microRNAs and associated target genes, especially for the nervous system. Moreover, we provide a case study for systematic toxicity evaluation leveraging mRNA-microRNA-seq data using nonmodel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- Marine Science Institute , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78373 , United States
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78373 , United States
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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