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Laue HE, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Xu Y, Kalkwarf HJ, Madan JC, Karagas MR, Yolton K, Fleisch AF, Braun JM. Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e305. [PMID: 38617430 PMCID: PMC11008648 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, but associations with pubertal outcomes remain unclear. We examined associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with adolescent hormone concentrations and pubertal stage. Methods We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations twice during pregnancy and seven times between birth and 12 years in participants recruited from Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006). We averaged concentrations across pregnancy and childhood and separately considered individual exposure periods in multiple informant models. At 12 years, we measured serum hormone concentrations (males [n = 72] and females [n = 84]-dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone; males-testosterone; females-estradiol). Also at age 12 years, participants self-reported physical development and menarchal timing. We estimated associations (95% confidence interval) of triclosan with hormone concentrations, more advanced physical development, and age at menarche. Results For females, each doubling of childhood triclosan was associated with 16% lower estradiol concentrations (-29%, 0%), with stronger associations for measures closer to adolescence. We found suggestive evidence that higher triclosan at any age was associated with ~10% (for gestational triclosan: -18%, -2%) lower follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations among males and early postnatal (1-3 years) triclosan was associated with 63% (5%, 96%) lower odds of advanced pubic hair development in females. In multiple informant models, each doubling of gestational triclosan concentrations was associated with 5% (0%, 9%) earlier age at menarche, equivalent to 5.5 months. Conclusion Gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations were related to some pubertal outcomes including hormone concentrations and age at menarche. Our findings highlight the relevance of elucidating potential sex-specific and time-dependent actions of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, Maine Institute for Research, Portland, Maine
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Kim MR, Jung MK, Jee HM, Ha EK, Lee S, Han MY, Yoo EG. The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1675-1682. [PMID: 38206396 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Antiandrogenic effect of phthalates have been reported; however, results regarding the effect of phthalate exposure in pubertal children have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalate exposure and pubertal development, especially whether high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) are differently associated in boys and girls. Urinary phthalate metabolites (4 HMWPs and 3 LMWPs) in Korean children (236 boys and 202 girls, aged 10 to 12 years) were measured. The association between phthalate levels and pubertal development (pubertal stages self-reported by parents and sex steroid levels) was analyzed by generalized linear regression after adjusting for age, body mass index z score, and premature birth and/or low birth weight. Both the highest quartile of HMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.090-0.627; p = 0.004) and LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.151-0.918; p = 0.032) were inversely associated with pubertal stages in boys, whereas the highest quartile of LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 2.431; 95% CI, 1.024-5.768; p = 0.044) was significantly related to advanced pubertal stages in girls. Testosterone levels in boys were significantly lower at the highest quartile of HMWP (adjusted β = - 0.251; 95% CI, - 0.476 to - 0.027; p = 0.028). However, in girls, we could not find any significant relationship between HMWP or LMWP and estradiol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls. WHAT IS KNOWN • Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects. • Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results. WHAT IS NEW • Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys. • Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Center for Companion Biomarker, Seoul Clinical Laboratories Healthcare, Yongin, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Eun-Gyong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Wang L, Ye X, Liu J. Effects of pharmaceutical and personal care products on pubertal development: Evidence from human and animal studies. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123533. [PMID: 38341062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) include a wide range of drugs, personal care products and household chemicals that are produced and used in significant quantities. The safety of PPCPs has become a growing concern in recent decades due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and potential risks to human health. PPCPs have been detected in various human biological samples, including those from children and adolescents, at concentrations ranging from several ng/L to several thousand μg/L. Epidemiological studies have shown associations between exposure to PPCPs and changes in the timing of puberty in children and adolescents. Animal studies have shown that exposure to PPCPs results in advanced or delayed pubertal onset. Mechanisms by which PPCPs regulate pubertal development include alteration of the hypothalamic kisspeptin and GnRH networks, disruption of steroid hormones, and modulation of metabolic function and epigenetics. Gaps in knowledge and further research needs include the assessment of environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals in children and adolescents, low-dose and long-term effects of exposure to PPCPs, and the modes of action of PPCPs on pubertal development. In summary, this comprehensive review examines the potential effects of exposure to PPCPs on pubertal development based on evidence from human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Goggi G, Moro M, Chilà A, Fatti L, Cangiano B, Federici S, Galazzi E, Carbone E, Soranna D, Vezzoli V, Persani L, Bonomi M. COVID-19 lockdown and the rate of central precocious puberty. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:315-323. [PMID: 37566202 PMCID: PMC10859329 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to compare the incidence of idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) in our highly specialized Endocrinological Center before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdown; we also aimed to identify any potential difference between girls with CPP from the two different time periods. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the auxological profile of 49 girls with idiopathic CPP: 30 with pre-lockdown onset and 19 with post-lockdown onset of the disease. We collected patients' characteristics (medical history, physical examination, baseline and dynamic hormonal assessment, bone age, pelvic ultrasound) and compared them between the two groups. RESULTS We registered an almost threefold increase in CPP incidence in the 2020-2021 period compared to the previous six years. In post-lockdown patients we found a trend for an earlier diagnosis in terms of both chronological age (p 0.0866) and days between the onset of first pubertal signs and diagnosis (p 0.0618). We also found that post-lockdown patients had a significantly lower hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis activation (lower ∆LH% after GnRH test, p 0.0497), a significantly lower increase in bone age calculated at RUS with TW3 method (p 0.0438) and a significantly reduced ovarian activation in females (lower delta-4-androstenedione levels, p 0.0115). Interestingly, post-lockdown patients were born from mothers with an older age at menarche (p 0.0039). CONCLUSIONS Besides confirming a significant increase in new diagnoses of CPP in the post-lockdown period, our findings among Post-lockdown girls also suggest a less progressive form of CPP and a stronger environmental influence compared to genetic background in determining the timing of pubertal onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goggi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Moro
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - A Chilà
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Fatti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - B Cangiano
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Federici
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Galazzi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - E Carbone
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - D Soranna
- Biostatistic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Vezzoli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - L Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, P.le Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Gan H, Lan H, Hu Z, Zhu B, Sun L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Liu J, Ding Z, Ye X. Triclosan induces earlier puberty onset in female mice via interfering with L-type calcium channels and activating Pik3cd. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 269:115772. [PMID: 38043413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical widely presents in people's daily lives. Epidemiological studies have revealed that TCS exposure may affect female puberty development. However, the developmental toxicity after low-dose TCS continuous exposure remains to be confirmed. In our study, 8-week-old ICR female mice were continuously exposed to TCS (30, 300, 3000 μg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) from 2 weeks before mating to postnatal day 21 (PND 21) of F1 female mice, while F1 female mice were treated with TCS intragastric administration from PND 22 until PND 56. Vaginal opening (VO) observation, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis related hormones and genes detection, and ovarian transcriptome analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of TCS exposure on puberty onset. Meanwhile, human granulosa-like tumor cell lines (KGN cells) were exposed to TCS to further explore the biological mechanism of the ovary in vitro. The results showed that long-term exposure to low-dose TCS led to approximately a 3-day earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice. Moreover, TCS up-regulated the secretion of estradiol (E2) and the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis genes. Notably, ovarian transcriptomes analysis as well as bidirectional validation in KGN cells suggested that L-type calcium channels and Pik3cd were involved in TCS-induced up-regulation of ovarian-related hormones and genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TCS interfered with L-type calcium channels and activated Pik3cd to up-regulate the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis and related genes, thereby inducing the earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Otitoju OB, Alfred MO, Ogunlaja OO, Olorunnisola CG, Olukanni OD, Ogunlaja A, Omorogie MO, Unuabonah EI. Pollution and risk assessment of phenolic compounds in drinking water sources from South-Western Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:76798-76817. [PMID: 37246181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence and risk assessment of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), phenol (PHE), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in drinking water sources in three south-western States in Nigeria (Osun, Oyo, and Lagos). Groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) were collected during dry and rainy seasons of a year. The detection frequency of the phenolic compounds followed the trend Phenol > 2,4-DNP > 2,4,6-TCP. The mean concentrations of 2,4-DNP, Phenol, and 2,4,6-TCP in GW/SW samples from Osun State were 639/553 μg L-1, 261/262 μg L-1, and 169/131 μg L-1 during the rainy season and 154/7 μg L-1, 78/37 μg L-1, and 123/15 μg L-1 during the dry season, respectively. In Oyo State, the mean concentrations were 165/391 μg L-1 for 2,4-DNP and 71/231 μg L-1 for Phenol in GW/SW samples, respectively, during the rainy season. Generally, in the dry season, these values decreased. In any case, these concentrations are higher than those previously reported in water from other countries. The concentration of 2,4-DNP in water posed serious ecological risks to Daphnia on the acute scale while it was algae on the chronic scale. Estimated daily intake and hazard quotient calculations suggest that 2,4-DNP and 2,4,6-TCP in water pose serious toxicity concerns to humans. Additionally, the concentration of 2,4,6-TCP in water from Osun State in both seasons of the year and in both groundwater and surface water poses significant carcinogenic risks to persons ingesting water from these sources in the State. Every exposure group studied were at risk from ingesting these phenolic compounds in water. However, this risk decreased with increasing age of the exposure group. Results from the principal component analysis indicate that 2,4-DNP in water samples is from an anthropogenic source different from that for Phenol and 2,4,6-TCP. There is a strong need to treat water from GW and SW systems in these States before ingesting while assessing their quality regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaferanmi B Otitoju
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Moses O Alfred
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma G Olorunnisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Martins O Omorogie
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria.
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Ma J, Wang Z, Qin C, Wang T, Hu X, Ling W. Safety of benzophenone-type UV filters: A mini review focusing on carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity. Chemosphere 2023; 326:138455. [PMID: 36944403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumer products containing benzophenone-type ultraviolet (UV) filters (BPs) have been widely accepted by the public, resulting in the widely existence of various BPs in the human body and environment. In recent years, more and more evidences show that BPs are endocrine disruptors. In view of the continuous exposure risk of BPs and their endocrine disrupting characteristics, the carcinogenicity of BPs and their effects on reproduction and development are of particular concern. However, due to the wide varieties of BPs and the scattered toxicity studies on BPs, people have a limited understanding on the safety of BPs. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity of BPs in order to expand people's knowledge on the health risks of BPs and screen for more safe BPs. Although existing toxicological studies are insufficient, it can be determined that BPs have different potentials for carcinogenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Among those BPs, 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl benzophenone needs to be used with caution due to its adverse effects on cancer cell proliferation and migration, reproductive ability, sex differentiation, neurodevelopment, and so on. It is worth noting that functional group substitutions significantly affect the interaction between BPs and biomolecules such as DNA, cancer cells, and seminal fluid, resulting in different levels of toxicity. In short, it is very necessary to evaluate the carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity of BPs, which is of great significance for establishing reasonable BPs content standards in cosmetics, water quality treatment standards for BPs, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Ma
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
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Mustieles V, Balogh RK, Axelstad M, Montazeri P, Márquez S, Vrijheid M, Draskau MK, Taxvig C, Peinado FM, Berman T, Frederiksen H, Fernández MF, Marie Vinggaard A, Andersson AM. Benzophenone-3: Comprehensive review of the toxicological and human evidence with meta-analysis of human biomonitoring studies. Environ Int 2023; 173:107739. [PMID: 36805158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its major metabolite benzophenone-1 (BP-1) are widely used as UV filters in sunscreens and cosmetics to prevent sunburn and skin damage, or as stabilizers to prevent photodegradation in many commercial products. As a result, their presence is ubiquitous in the environment, wildlife and humans. Based on endocrine disruption concerns, international regulatory agencies are performing a closer evaluation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This work aimed to comprehensively review the available human relevant evidence for safety issues in MEDLINE/PubMed in order to create a structured database of studies, as well as to conduct an integrative analysis as part of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative. RESULTS A total of 1,635 titles and abstracts were screened and 254 references were evaluated and tabulated in detail, and classified in different categories: i) exposure sources and predictors; ii) human biomonitoring (HBM) exposure levels to perform a meta-analysis; iii) toxicokinetic data in both experimental animals and humans; iv) in vitro and in vivo rodent toxicity studies; and v) human data on effect biomarkers and health outcomes. Our integrative analysis showed that internal peak BP-3 concentrations achieved after a single whole-body application of a commercially available sunscreen (4% w/w) may overlap with concentrations eliciting endocrine disrupting effects in vitro, and with internal concentrations causing in vivo adverse female reproductive effects in rodents that were supported by still limited human data. The adverse effects in rodents included prolonged estrous cycle, altered uterine estrogen receptor gene expression, endometrium hyperplasia and altered proliferation and histology of the mammary gland, while human data indicated menstrual cycle hormonal alterations and increased risk of uterine fibroids and endometriosis. Among the modes of action reported (estrogenic, anti-androgenic, thyroid, etc.), BP-3 and especially BP-1 showed estrogenic activity at human-relevant concentrations, in agreement with the observed alterations in female reproductive endpoints. The meta-analysis of HBM studies identified a higher concern for North Americans, showing urinary BP-3 concentrations on average 10 and 20 times higher than European and Asian populations, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our work supports that these benzophenones present endocrine disrupting properties, endorsing recent European regulatory efforts to limit human exposure. The reproducible and comprehensive database generated may constitute a point of departure in future risk assessments to support regulatory initiatives. Meanwhile, individuals should not refrain from sunscreen use. Commercially available formulations using inorganic UV filters that are practically not absorbed into systemic circulation may be recommended to susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ria K Balogh
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Parisa Montazeri
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica K Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francisco M Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Rosen Vollmar AK, Weinberg CR, Baird DD, Wilcox AJ, Calafat AM, Deziel NC, Johnson CH, Jukic AMZ. Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:139-155. [PMID: 36346334 PMCID: PMC10089295 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are urinary phenol concentrations of methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, triclosan, benzophenone-3, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol associated with fecundability and early pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with an increased odds of early pregnancy loss, and higher concentrations of butylparaben and triclosan were associated with an increase in fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Phenols are chemicals with endocrine-disrupting potential found in everyday products. Despite plausible mechanisms of phenol reproductive toxicity, there are inconsistent results across few epidemiologic studies examining phenol exposure and reproductive function in non-fertility treatment populations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Specimens and data were from the North Carolina Early Pregnancy Study prospective cohort of 221 women attempting to conceive naturally from 1982 to 1986. This analysis includes data from 221 participants across 706 menstrual cycles, with 135 live births, 15 clinical miscarriages and 48 early pregnancy losses (before 42 days after the last menstrual period). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants collected daily first-morning urine specimens. For each menstrual cycle, aliquots from three daily specimens across the cycle were pooled within individuals and analyzed for phenol concentrations. To assess sample repeatability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each phenol. We evaluated associations between phenol concentrations from pooled samples and time to pregnancy using discrete-time logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE), and early pregnancy loss using multivariable logistic regression and GEE. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE ICCs for within-person variability across menstrual cycles in pooled phenol concentrations ranged from 0.42 to 0.75. There was an increased odds of early pregnancy loss with 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations although the CIs were wide (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio (OR): 4.79; 95% CI: 1.06, 21.59). There was an increased per-cycle odds of conception at higher concentrations of butylparaben (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.44) and triclosan (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.26) compared to non-detectable concentrations. No associations were observed between these endpoints and concentrations of other phenols examined. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations include the absence of phenol measurements for male partners and a limited sample size, especially for the outcome of early pregnancy loss, which reduced our power to detect associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study is the first to use repeated pooled measures to summarize phenol exposure and the first to investigate associations with fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Within-person phenol concentration variability underscores the importance of collecting repeated samples for future studies. Exposure misclassification could contribute to differences between the findings of this study and those of other studies, all of which used one urine sample to assess phenol exposure. This study also contributes to the limited literature probing potential associations between environmental exposures and early pregnancy loss, which is a challenging outcome to study as it typically occurs before a pregnancy is clinically recognized. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award number F31ES030594), the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (project numbers ES103333 and ES103086) and a doctoral fellowship at the Yale School of Public Health. The authors declare they have no competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Rosen Vollmar
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
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11
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Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Zhang Y, Rockson A, Bandera EV, Llanos AAM, Barrett ES. Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:517-534. [PMID: 35867279 PMCID: PMC9742306 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals through personal care products (PCPs) is widespread and may disrupt hormone-sensitive endpoints, such as timing of puberty. Given the well-documented (and ongoing) decline in age at menarche in many populations, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature on exposure to chemicals commonly found in PCPs (including certain phthalates, phenols, and parabens) in relation to girls' pubertal development. RECENT FINDINGS The preponderance of research on this topic has examined phthalate exposures with the strongest evidence indicating that prenatal monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentrations may be associated with slightly earlier timing of puberty, including age at menarche. Findings examining peri-pubertal phthalate exposures and pubertal outcomes were less consistent as were studies of prenatal and peri-pubertal phenol exposures. Very few studies had examined parabens in relation to girls' pubertal development. Common study limitations included potential exposure misclassification related to use of spot samples and/or mistimed biomarker assessment with respect to the outcomes. The role of body size as a mediator in these relationships remains unresolved. Overall, evidence of associations between chemical exposures in PCPs and girls' pubertal development was conflicting. When associations were observed, effect sizes were small. Nevertheless, given the many environmental, social, and behavioral factors in the modern environment that may act synergistically to accelerate timing of puberty, even marginal changes may be cause for concern, with implications for cancer risk, mental health, and cardiometabolic disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Robert Wood Johnson Library of the Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Amber Rockson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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12
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Bigambo FM, Zhang M, Zhang J, Yang X, Yu Q, Wu D, Wang X, Xia Y. Exposure to a mixture of personal care product and plasticizing chemicals in relation to reproductive hormones and menarche timing among 12–19 years old girls in NHANES 2013–2016. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Yoon LS, Binder AM, Pereira A, Calafat AM, Shepherd J, Corvalán C, Michels KB. Variability in urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens across childhood and relation to adolescent breast composition in Chilean girls. Environ Int 2022; 170:107586. [PMID: 36302292 PMCID: PMC10517447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that environmental factors acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with mammographic breast density and the risk of breast cancer. Exposure to EDCs during puberty, a period of rapid breast development, may affect susceptibility to breast carcinogenesis. METHODS In a cohort of 366 Chilean adolescents from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study, we evaluated the relation between urinary concentrations of 15 suspected EDC biomarkers across three pubertal time points (Tanner breast stage 1 (B1), 4 (B4), and 1-year post-menarche) and breast fibroglandular volume (FGV; percent FGV [%FGV] and absolute FGV [aFGV]) and total breast volume (tBV) at 2-years post-menarche. We used linear mixed models to test differences in creatinine-corrected EDC biomarker concentrations at B4 and 1-year post-menarche compared to B1 and calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of EDC concentrations across time points to appraise the consistency of measurements. We fit multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to evaluate windows of susceptibility for the association between log10-transformed EDCs and log10-transformed breast outcomes. GEEs were adjusted for age, body fat percentage, total caloric intake, and maternal education. RESULTS Urinary EDC biomarker concentrations highly varied across pubertal time points (ICC range 0.01-0.30). For 12 EDCs, biomarker concentrations decreased over time. Triclosan measured at 1-year post-menarche was inversely associated with %FGV at 2-years post-menarche (β = -0.025, 95 % confidence interval = -0.041, -0.008). Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolite concentrations at B4 were positively associated with aFGV and tBV at 2-years post-menarche. No measured phenols were associated with aFGV and tBV, while no measured parabens were associated with %FGV and aFGV. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests relatively high variability in EDC biomarker concentrations across the peripubertal time period. We also found evidence to suggest that there may be pubertal windows of susceptibility to select EDCs for the association with adolescent breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara S Yoon
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - John Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Elsässerstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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14
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Flasch M, Fitz V, Rampler E, Ezekiel CN, Koellensperger G, Warth B. Integrated Exposomics/Metabolomics for Rapid Exposure and Effect Analyses. JACS Au 2022; 2:2548-2560. [PMID: 36465551 PMCID: PMC9709941 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The totality of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors, commonly referred to as the exposome, is poorly understood. Measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are exposed to is immensely challenging, and identifying disrupted metabolic pathways is even more complex. Here, we present a novel technological approach for the comprehensive, rapid, and integrated analysis of the endogenous human metabolome and the chemical exposome. By combining reverse-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and fast polarity-switching, molecules with highly diverse chemical structures can be analyzed in 15 min with a single analytical run as both column's effluents are combined before analysis. Standard reference materials and authentic standards were evaluated to critically benchmark performance. Highly sensitive median limits of detection (LODs) with 0.04 μM for >140 quantitatively assessed endogenous metabolites and 0.08 ng/mL for the >100 model xenobiotics and human estrogens in solvent were obtained. In matrix, the median LOD values were higher with 0.7 ng/mL (urine) and 0.5 ng/mL (plasma) for exogenous chemicals. To prove the dual-column approach's applicability, real-life urine samples from sub-Saharan Africa (high-exposure scenario) and Europe (low-exposure scenario) were assessed in a targeted and nontargeted manner. Our liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively and simultaneously assessing the endogenous metabolome and the chemical exposome for the high-throughput measurement of environmental drivers of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Fitz
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Department
of Microbiology, Babcock University, 121103 Ilishan
Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Giannini CM, Huang B, Chandler DW, Fassler CS, Schwartz RC, Biro FM, Pinney SM. The Association between Sex Hormones, Pubertal Milestones and Benzophenone-3 Exposure, Measured by Urinary Biomarker or Questionnaire. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:2135-2148. [PMID: 34313174 PMCID: PMC8903022 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1947990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies have suggested benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a sunscreen ingredient, may have endocrine-disrupting properties. A cohort of girls were recruited at ages 6-7 years and returned semi-annually for pubertal maturation staging, provided blood for serum hormone analyses [estradiol, estrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S)], and urine to measure BP-3 concentrations. We found a significant negative linear association between amount of reported sunscreen use and testosterone levels at the onset of puberty (N = 157, adjusted β = -0.0163, 97.5% CI:-0.0300,-0.0026). The 2nd quartile of the BP-3 biomarker had earlier thelarche compared to the 1st quartile (N = 282, adjusted HR = 1.584, 97.5% CI:1.038,2.415). Results suggest that higher report of sunscreen use may be associated with lower testosterone levels at thelarche and a non-linear relationship between the BP-3 urinary biomarker and onset of puberty, although the clinical significance of the finding is limited and may be a random effect. Improved methods of BP-3 exposure characterization are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Giannini
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald W Chandler
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cecily S Fassler
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Matouskova K, Szabo GK, Daum J, Fenton SE, Christiansen S, Soto AM, Kay JE, Cardona B, Vandenberg LN. Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 35764275 PMCID: PMC9491517 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work from numerous fields of study suggests that exposures to hormonally active chemicals during sensitive windows of development can alter mammary gland development, function, and disease risk. Stronger links between many environmental pollutants and disruptions to breast health continue to be documented in human populations, and there remain concerns that the methods utilized to identify, characterize, and prioritize these chemicals for risk assessment and risk management purposes are insufficient. There are also concerns that effects on the mammary gland have been largely ignored by regulatory agencies. Here, we provide technical guidance that is intended to enhance collection and evaluation of the mammary gland in mice and rats. We review several features of studies that should be controlled to properly evaluate the mammary gland, and then describe methods to appropriately collect the mammary gland from rodents. Furthermore, we discuss methods for preparing whole mounted mammary glands and numerous approaches that are available for the analysis of these samples. Finally, we conclude with several examples where analysis of the mammary gland revealed effects of environmental toxicants at low doses. Our work argues that the rodent mammary gland should be considered in chemical safety, hazard and risk assessments. It also suggests that improved measures of mammary gland outcomes, such as those we present in this review, should be included in the standardized methods evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the test guidelines used for identifying reproductive and developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Daum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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17
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Mao JF, Li W, Ong CN, He Y, Jong MC, Gin KYH. Assessment of human exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters: A review. Environ Int 2022; 167:107405. [PMID: 35843073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the harmful effects of UV radiation, benzophenone-type UV filters (BPs) are widely used in personal care products and other synthetic products. Biomonitoring studies have shown the presence of BPs in various human biological samples, raising health concerns. However, there is a paucity of data on the global human exposure to this group of contaminants. In this study, we compiled data on the body burden of BPs along with the possible exposure routes and biotransformation pathways. BPs can easily penetrate the skin barrier and thus, they can be absorbed through the skin. In the human body, BPs can undergo Phase I (mainly demethylation and hydroxylation) and Phase II (mainly glucuronidation and sulfation) biotransformations. From a total of 158 studies, most of the studies are related to urine (concentration up to 92.7 mg L-1), followed by those reported in blood (up to 0.9 mg L-1) and milk (up to 0.8 mg L-1). Among BPs, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3 are the most commonly detected congeners. The body burden of BPs is associated with various factors, including the country of residence, lifestyle, income, education level, and ethnicity. The presence of BPs in maternal urine (up to 1.1 mg L-1), placenta (up to 9.8 ng g-1), and amniotic fluid (up to 15.7 μg L-1) suggests potential risks of prenatal exposure. In addition, transplacental transfer of BPs is possible, as demonstrated by their presence in maternal serum and cord serum. The possible association of BPs exposure and health effects was discussed. Future human biomonitoring studies and studies on the potential health effects are warranted. Overall, this review provides a summary of the global human exposure to BPs and can serve as supporting evidence to guide usage in order to protect humans from being exposed to BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Feijian Mao
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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Zhou F, Jin Z, Zhu L, Huang F, Ye A, Hou C. A preliminary study on the relationship between environmental endocrine disruptors and precocious puberty in girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:989-997. [PMID: 35692072 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the associations of environmental endocrine disruptors on precocious puberty in girls. METHODS This was a case-control study in which 30 girls with precocious puberty and 46 age- and race-matched prepubertal females were enrolled. The concentrations of 10 environment endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, bisphenol B, butylparaben, propylparaben, ethvlparaben, methylparaben, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, monoethyl phthalate, and monomethyl phthalate) in urine and 10 steroid hormones (dihydrotestosterone, corticosterone, hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-hydroxy progesterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, deoxycorticosterone, pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) in serum were detected with the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS According to the Mann-Whitney U test, urinary levels of bisphenol A, monobutyl phthalate, and monomethyl phthalate were significantly higher in the precocious group than in the prepubertal group, and blood levels of hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and pregnenolone were significantly lower in the precocious group than in the prepubertal group (p<0.05, VIP>1). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the association between phthalate exposure and the incidence of precocious puberty in girls. Control and reduction of children exposure to phthalate esters should be considered as a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Jin
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
| | - Angzhi Ye
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Hou
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, P.R. China
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19
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Mondkar SA, Oza C, Khadilkar V, Shah N, Gondhalekar K, Kajale N, Khadilkar A. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on idiopathic central precocious puberty - experience from an Indian centre. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:895-900. [PMID: 35658967 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Owing to increase in referrals for precocity observed during COVID-19 lockdown, this study was conducted to estimate the proportion of patients referred for precocity and within these, those with idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) before vs. during the COVID lockdown, and to assess the differences in anthropometric and clinical characteristics among iCPP patients in the two groups. METHODS Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary level paediatric endocrinology centre (Western India) evaluating proportion of referrals for precocity and comparing demographics, anthropometry, pubertal staging and bone age at presentation among children with iCPP divided into two groups (pre-lockdown-group 1, lockdown-group 2). RESULTS During lockdown, 155 (5.1%; 146 girls) of 3,053 referrals for precocity as opposed to 59 (1.4%; 54 girls) of 4,208 before the lockdown (p<0.05) were seen; increase was higher in girls (p<0.05). Proportion of referrals for iCPP was significantly higher in the lockdown (4.4%; 136 children vs. 1%; 44 children in group 2) among both genders. Mean age at first visit was 7.8 ± 1.3 and 8.2 ± 1.2 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Mean height, weight, BMI and height minus mid-parental height Z scores were not significantly different between the groups. Children in group 2 had a significantly advanced mean bone age (10.7 ± 2 years) and difference in bone and chronological ages (2.5 ± 1.2 years) as compared to group-1 (9.7 ± 1.9; 1.9 ± 1.2) and a larger proportion presented in late puberty. CONCLUSIONS We found an increase in the referrals for precocious puberty and an increase in number of children diagnosed with iCPP during COVID lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti A Mondkar
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chirantap Oza
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman Khadilkar
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India
| | - Nikhil Shah
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pediatrics, Cloudnine Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ketan Gondhalekar
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Kajale
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India
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20
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Mohsen R, El-Zohairy E, Hassan MM, Fathy M, Magdy M, Atef S, Issak M, Taha SHN. The Possible Association between Phthalates and Bisphenol A Exposure and Idiopathic Precocious Puberty in Egyptian Girls. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are utilized in large spectrum of plastics, as polyvinyl chloride as well as personal products, medical equipment, and epoxy resins. Phthalate and bisphenol A are the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals that interrupt the endocrine system and cause developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune disturbances in humans. However, the relation between phthalates and bisphenol A and precocious puberty (PP) in human is still controversial.
AIM: Consequently, the present study aimed to detect and investigate the association between exposure to bisphenol A and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and precocious puberty in Egyptian girls.
METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 100 young females. The subjects were divided into two major groups, precocious puberty group consisted of 60 young females diagnosed by an endocrine pediatric specialist and controls consisted of 40 normal young females matched in age and demographic characters. In urine, MBP and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS: The mean concentration of MBP level was 22.758 ± 6.216 for the PP group and 15.283 ± 6.262 for controls with statistical difference between the studied groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean concentration of BPA was 405.02 ± 223.54 for the PP group and 97.95 ± 55 for controls with significant difference between groups (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The present study found that idiopathic precocious puberty in young females was associated with high phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A levels in urine.
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21
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Xiong J, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang X, Shan S, Crabbe MJC, Zhao L, Fang H, Cheng G. Prospective association of dietary soy and fibre intake with puberty timing: a cohort study among Chinese children. BMC Med 2022; 20:145. [PMID: 35369873 PMCID: PMC8978387 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary phytoestrogens have been suggested to influence puberty timing, a critical stage for well-being in adulthood. We hypothesized that childhood soy intake might prospectively influence puberty timing and that dietary fibre and the key isoflavone metabolite equol might play roles. METHODS Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed in 4781 children (2152 girls and 2629 boys) aged 6-8 years old from the Chinese Adolescent Cohort Study for whom a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and information about potential confounders were available. Anthropometry and pubertal status including age at Tanner stage 2 for breast development (B2) or age at the initiation of gonadal growth (G2), and age at menarche (M) or voice break (VB) were assessed annually. Equol excretion was determined by urine samples from 1311 participants. RESULTS Among girls and boys, higher soy intake was associated with later puberty timing (hazard ratio (HR)-B2: 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.96), p=0.02; HR-M, 0.87 (0.77-0.94), p=0.01; HR-G2, 0.91 (0.82-0.98), p=0.013; HR-VB, 0.90 (0.82-0.9), p=0.02), independent of prepubertal body fatness and fibre intake. These associations were more pronounced among children with a high urinary equol level (pfor-interaction ≤ 0.04) or with a high cereal fibre intake (pfor-interaction ≤ 0.06). Intake of dietary fibre or its subtype was not prospectively associated with puberty onset after adjusting for dietary soy intake (p≥0.06). CONCLUSION Higher childhood soy intake is prospectively associated with later puberty timing in both Chinese girls and boys, independent of prepubertal body fatness, and the association is particularly pronounced among individuals with a higher urinary equol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, OX2 6UD, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Li Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Fang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Kay JE, Cardona B, Rudel RA, Vandenberg LN, Soto AM, Christiansen S, Birnbaum LS, Fenton SE. Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-62. [PMID: 35984634 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
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23
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Uldbjerg CS, Koch T, Lim YH, Gregersen LS, Olesen CS, Andersson AM, Frederiksen H, Coull BA, Hauser R, Juul A, Bräuner EV. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:687-716. [PMID: 35466359 PMCID: PMC9434240 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the ages at pubertal onset for girls and boys have been decreasing during recent decades, partly attributed to excess body fat accumulation. However, a growing body of literature has recognized that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play an important role in this global trend, but the association has not yet been fully established. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE EDCs can interfere with normal hormone function and metabolism and play a role in pubertal onset. We aimed to systematically identify and evaluate the current evidence on the timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys following prenatal or postnatal exposures to xenobiotic EDCs. SEARCH METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search of original peer-reviewed publications in the PubMed database through a block search approach using a combination of index MeSH and free text search terms. Publications were considered if they covered biomarkers of prenatal or postnatal exposures to xenobiotic EDCs (European Commission's list of category 1 EDCs) measured in maternal or child biospecimen and pubertal onset defined by the progression of the following milestones (and assessed in terms of the following measures): menarche (age), thelarche (Tanner staging) and pubarche (Tanner staging), in girls, and genital stage (Tanner staging), testicular volume (ml) and pubarche (Tanner staging), in boys. OUTCOMES The literature search resulted in 703 references, of which we identified 52 publications fulfilling the eligibility criteria for the qualitative trend synthesis and 23 publications for the meta-analysis. The qualitative trend synthesis provided data on 103 combinations of associations between prenatal or postnatal exposure to EDC compounds groups and puberty outcomes and the meta-analysis enabled 18 summary risk estimates of meta-associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Statistically significant associations in the qualitative trend synthesis suggested that postnatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with earlier thelarche and later pubarche. However, we did not find consistent evidence in the meta-analysis for associations between timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys and exposures to any of the studied xenobiotic EDCs. We were not able to identify specific pre- or postnatal windows of exposure as particularly critical and susceptible for effects of EDCs. Current evidence is subject to several methodological challenges and inconsistencies and evidence on specific exposure-outcome associations remains too scarce to firmly confirm EDC exposure as a risk factor for changes in age of pubertal onset in the general child population. To create a more uniform foundation for future comparison of evidence and to strengthen pooled studies, we recommend the use of more standardized approaches in the choice of statistical analyses, with exposure transformations, and in the definitions and assessments of puberty outcomes. The impact of mixtures of EDC exposures on the association also remains unestablished and would be valuable to elucidate for prenatal and postnatal windows of exposure. Future large, longitudinal epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the overall association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Y -H Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - L S Gregersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C S Olesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A -M Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Juul
- Correspondence address. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: +45-3545-5085; E-mail: (A.J.); Tel: +45-4242-8550; E-mail: (E.V.B.)
| | - E V Bräuner
- Correspondence address. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: +45-3545-5085; E-mail: (A.J.); Tel: +45-4242-8550; E-mail: (E.V.B.)
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Malakootian M, Chavoshani A, Hashemi M, Amin MM, Shoshtari-yeganeh B, Fadaei S, Khazaei S, Nasab H, Malakootian M, Neamati B. Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in Iranian women: Exposure and risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1894-1900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Magenes VC, Pascuzzi MC, Rossi V, Sangiorgio A, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G, Mameli C. The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 34947884 PMCID: PMC8706413 DOI: 10.3390/life11121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical phase of growth and development characterized by a complex process regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. In fact, it is crucial in psychological and physical development and can impact future health. Nutritional status is considered as one of the most important factors modulating pubertal development. This narrative review presents an overview on the role of nutritional factors as determinants of the timing of sexual maturation, focusing on early-life and childhood nutrition. As reported, breast milk seems to have an important protective role against early puberty onset, mainly due to its positive influence on infant growth rate and childhood overweight prevention. The energy imbalance, macro/micronutrient food content, and dietary patterns may modulate the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, inducing precocious activation of puberty. An increase in knowledge on the mechanism whereby nutrients may influence puberty will be useful in providing adequate nutritional recommendations to prevent PP and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Chiara Pascuzzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Arianna Sangiorgio
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Khandaker S, Das S, Hossain MT, Islam A, Miah MR, Awual MR. Sustainable approach for wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells and green energy generation – A comprehensive review. J Mol Liq 2021; 344:117795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yelton B, Lead JR, Adams SA, Brandt HM, Kulkarni S, Lewis KR, Fedrick D, Ureda JR, Friedman DB. How Do African-American Community Members' Perceptions About Environmental Risks of Breast Cancer Compare with the Current State of the Science? J Cancer Educ 2021; 36:1193-1200. [PMID: 32314309 PMCID: PMC7572772 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
African-American (AA) women experience higher mortality from breast cancer than any other racial group. Understanding community-held perceptions of environmental contaminants as risk factors for breast cancer can inform the development of tailored prevention and education efforts for improve health outcomes. Six focus groups were conducted with AA participants in two counties in South Carolina, and themes were identified using open and axial coding. Perceived environmental risks for breast cancer most frequently discussed by participants were compared to findings from published systematic reviews. Frequently discussed environmental risk factors by participants were deodorants containing aluminum, plastics, pesticides, and air and water pollution. While perceptions of aluminum and air pollution as risk factors did not align with the state of the science, perceived risk factors of chemicals in plastics and pesticides were found to be in alignment. There is some congruence between perceived environmental risks for breast cancer within the AA community and the current state of the science; however, there is a need to communicate information that reflects current science regarding commonly held misconceptions. Development of evidence-based, clear, and culturally appropriate messaging that reflects the current state of the science is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Yelton
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jamie R Lead
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, 1601 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Heather M Brandt
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shibani Kulkarni
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kaleea R Lewis
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Delores Fedrick
- Chester County Literacy Council, 109 Ella Street, Chester, SC, 29706, USA
| | - John R Ureda
- , Insights Consulting, Inc., 2728 Wilmot Ave, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Felício JS, de Alcântara AL, Janaú LC, de Moraes LV, de Oliveira MCNI, de Lemos MN, de Souza Neto NJK, Neto JFA, da Silva WM, de Souza ÍJA, Said NM, de Lemos GN, Vieira GM, Khayat AS, dos Santos ÂKCR, de Queiroz NNM, de Sousa ACCB, dos Santos MC, de Melo FTC, Piani PPF, Felício KM. Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667029. [PMID: 34290667 PMCID: PMC8287825 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods We performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group. Results Our control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = -0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5-6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (x² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055-0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688-7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001]. Conclusion Our data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soares Felício
- Endocrinology Division, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Abstract
Development of the mammary gland requires coordination of hormone signaling pathways including those mediated by estrogen, progesterone, androgen and prolactin receptors. These hormones play important roles at several distinct stages of life including embryonic/fetal development, puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and old age. This also makes the gland sensitive to perturbations from environmental agents including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Although there is evidence from human populations of associations between EDCs and disruptions to breast development and lactation, these studies are often complicated by the timing of exposure assessments and the latency to develop breast diseases (e.g., years to decades). Rodents have been instrumental in providing insights-not only to the basic biology and endocrinology of the mammary gland, but to the effects of EDCs on this tissue at different stages of development. Studies, mostly but not exclusively, of estrogenic EDCs have shown that the mammary gland is a sensitive tissue, that exposures during perinatal development can produce abnormal mammary structures (e.g., alveolar buds, typically seen in pregnant females) in adulthood; that exposures during pregnancy can alter milk production; and that EDC exposures can enhance the response of the mammary tissue to hormones and chemical carcinogens. Other studies of persistent organic pollutants have shown that EDC exposures during critical windows of development can delay development of the gland, with lifelong consequences for the individual. Collectively, this work continues to support the conclusion that EDCs can harm the mammary gland, with effects that depend on the period of exposure and the period of evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States.
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Zhao T, Triebner K, Markevych I, Standl M, Altug H, de Hoogh K, Schikowski T, Berdel D, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, von Berg A, Nowak D, Heinrich J. Outdoor air pollution and hormone-assessed pubertal development in children: Results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts. Environ Int 2021; 152:106476. [PMID: 33714142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is hypothesized to affect pubertal development. However, the few studies on this topic yielded overall mixed results. These studies did not consider important pollutants like ozone, and none of them involved pubertal development assessed by estradiol and testosterone measurements. We aimed to analyze associations between long-term exposure to four pollutants and pubertal development based on sex hormone concentrations among 10-year-old children. METHODS These cross-sectional analyses were based on the 10-year follow-up medical examinations of 1945 children from the Munich and Wesel centers of the GINIplus and LISA German birth cohorts. Female and male pubertal development was assessed by dichotomizing the concentration of hormones in serum at 18.4 pmol/L and 0.087 nmol/L using the lower limits of quantification for estradiol and testosterone, respectively. Land-use regression models derived annual average concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10), as well as spatial models assessed yearly average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone, were calculated at the 10-year residential addresses. To evaluate associations, we utilized logistic regressions adjusted for potential covariates. The analyses were stratified by area and sex. RESULTS Around 73% of the 943 females and 25% of the 1002 males had a high level of hormones and had already started puberty at the age of 10. Overall, we found no statistically significant associations between exposure to particles (PM2.5 or PM10) and pubertal development. Results on NO2 and ozone were not significant as well; for instance, per 10 µg/m3 increase in ozone concentration, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 0.900 (0.605, 1.339) and 0.830 (0.573, 1.203) for females and males, respectively. Stratified by area, the aforementioned results did not reveal any associations either. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not observe the associations between ambient air pollutants and pubertal development determined by estradiol and testosterone levels in children. However, due to the current limited number of studies on this topic, our results should be cautiously interpreted. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Triebner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Core Facility for Metabolomics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hicran Altug
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Carl-Peter Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hiatt RA, Stewart SL, Deardorff J, Danial E, Abdiwahab E, Pinney SM, Teitelbaum SL, Windham GC, Wolff MS, Kushi LH, Biro FM. Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Menarche: A Prospective Study. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:33-40. [PMID: 34172141 PMCID: PMC8243506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and menarche has implications for understanding social level influences on early life development and adult disease, including breast cancer, but remains ill defined. We report here results from the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, which permitted a longitudinal study of age at menarche in relationship to childhood SES in a diverse cohort of 1,069 girls across three urban areas of the United States. METHODS We assessed the association of SES index quintiles with age at pubertal onset with breast budding and subsequent tempo to the age at menarche between 2004 and 2015 using multiple-event Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In an unadjusted model, lower SES was predictive of both earlier pubertal onset and tempo and thus earlier age at menarche in trends across quintiles. After adjusting for the potentially mediating effects of body mass index, SES trends remained significant for both outcomes. After adjusting for both body mass index and race/ethnicity, the association with SES remained substantial for pubertal onset but was much diminished and nonsignificant for tempo and thus age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a lower SES environment and social adversity affect the age at menarche primarily by hastening pubertal onset rather than by shortening tempo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Susan L Stewart
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California
| | - Elizabeth Danial
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ekland Abdiwahab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gayle C Windham
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Mary S Wolff
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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32
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McDonald JA, Cherubin S, Goldberg M, Wei Y, Chung WK, Schwartz LA, Knight JA, Schooling CM, Santella RM, Bradbury AR, Buys SS, Andrulis IL, John EM, Daly MB, Terry MB. Common Childhood Viruses and Pubertal Timing: The LEGACY Girls Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:766-778. [PMID: 33128063 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier pubertal development is only partially explained by childhood body mass index; the role of other factors, such as childhood infections, is less understood. Using data from the LEGACY Girls Study (North America, 2011-2016), we prospectively examined the associations between childhood viral infections (cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, HSV2) and pubertal timing. We measured exposures based on seropositivity in premenarcheal girls (n = 490). Breast and pubic hair development were classified based on mother-reported Tanner Stage (TS) (TS2+ compared with TS1), adjusting for age, body mass index, and sociodemographic factors. The average age at first blood draw was 9.8 years (standard deviation, 1.9 years). The prevalences were 31% CMV+, 37% EBV+, 14% HSV1+, 0.4% HSV2+, and 16% for both CMV+/EBV+ coinfection. CMV+ infection without coinfection was associated with developing breasts an average of 7 months earlier (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 3.40). CMV infection without coinfection and HSV1 and/or HSV2 infection were associated with developing pubic hair 9 months later (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.71, and HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.81, respectively). Infection was not associated with menarche. If replicated in larger cohorts with blood collection prior to any breast development, this study supports the hypothesis that childhood infections might play a role in altering pubertal timing.
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Fisher CL, Wright KB, Rising CJ, Mullis MD, Afanaseva D, Burke-Garcia A, Cai X. Culturally Appropriate Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Messages: Targeting Racially and Ethnically Diverse Mothers. J Cancer Educ 2021; 36:284-293. [PMID: 31820415 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)-funded Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program (BCERP) provides evidence-informed educational materials targeting mothers with daughters to help them engage in lifestyle changes to reduce their environmental risk of breast cancer. Building on a partnership we developed to disseminate these materials via social media, we teamed with mommy bloggers and readers to evaluate the cultural appropriateness of the information using evidence-based practices for message design. We sought to (1) identify cross-culture factors that speak to a broad group of mothers and culture-specific factors to integrate when targeting specific cultures and (2) capture cultural challenges mothers encounter when they share the information with family to understand the social context in which they receive, interpret, and act on risk-reducing messages. We conducted 50 interviews with racially and ethnically diverse bloggers/readers and thematically analyzed transcripts, comparing findings across cultures. Across cultures, mothers identified five key factors for ensuring cultural appropriateness, but with notable cultural differences: (1) incorporate diverse images, (2) provide more information specific to environmental and cultural risk, (3) heighten the message of "it's a family affair", (4) make behavioral changes feasible, and (5) use less text, more visuals. Across cultures, women experienced intergenerational communication challenges with family, which were tied to (1) lack of openness, (2) relational norms, and (3) generational resistance. Findings provide message design considerations for targeting mothers broadly or based on race/ethnicity and support the notion that the larger family system should be considered when disseminating cancer risk education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L Fisher
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, UF Health Cancer Center, PO Box 118400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8400, USA.
| | - Kevin B Wright
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Camella J Rising
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Michaela Devyn Mullis
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, PO Box 118400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8400, USA
| | | | - Amelia Burke-Garcia
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, 8th floor, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cai
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Dong Y, Duan T, Zhou Y, Li W. Phenolic compounds in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment from Weihe River in Northwest China. Water Sci Technol 2021; 83:2012-2024. [PMID: 33905369 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and ecological risks of 11 phenolic compounds were studied in Weihe River, Northwest China. The concentrations of phenolic compounds were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The total concentration of 11 phenolic compounds (∑PC11) ranged from 0.06 to 14.12 μg/L with an average of 5.22 μg/L in water, from 0.92 to 34,885 μg/g with an average of 4,446 μg/g in suspended particulate matter (SPM), and from 3.54 to 34.09 μg/g with an average of 11.09 μg/g in sediment. For individual phenolic compound, the mean concentration of pentachlorophenol was the highest in water (2.65 μg/L) and in SPM (3,865 μg/g), while in sediment the mean concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was the highest (3.05 μg/g). The total concentration of 5 chlorophenols (∑CP5) was significantly higher than that of 6 non-chlorophenols (∑NCP6) in all three studied compartments. The phenolic compounds in Weihe River were at moderate levels in water and at high levels in sediment. The ecological risk assessment results indicated that phenolic compounds exhibited a high ecological risk in Weihe River water. In most sites, the distribution coefficient (Kd) (SPM) was much higher than Kd (sediment), which probably suggested fresh phenolic compounds input in Weihe River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Yanxia Dong
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Ting Duan
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Yiqiang Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China E-mail:
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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Huang Y, Law JCF, Lam TK, Leung KSY. Risks of organic UV filters: a review of environmental and human health concern studies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142486. [PMID: 33038838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are compounds that absorb UV irradiation by their highly conjugated structure. With the developing consciousness over the last century of the skin damage UV radiation can cause, the demand for organic UV filters has risen, for use not only in sunscreens, but also in other personal care products. The massive production and usage of these organic UV filters has resulted in extensive release into the aquatic environment, and thereby making an important group of emerging contaminants. Considering the widespread occurrence of organic UV filters in not only ambient water, but also sediment, soil and even indoor dust, their threats towards the health of living organisms have been a subject of active investigation. In this review article, we present an overall review of existing knowledge on the risks of organic UV filters from the aspects of both environmental and human health impacts. As for the environment, some organic UV filters are proven to bioaccumulate in various kinds of aquatic organisms, and further to have adverse effects on different kinds of animal models. Toxicological studies including in vivo and in vitro studies are important and effective means to ascertain the effects and mechanisms of organic UV filters on both the ecosystem and humans. Subsequent concerns arise that these compounds will affect human health in the long term. This review concludes by suggesting future lines of research based on the remaining knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tsz-Ki Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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Bigambo FM, Sun H, Yan W, Wu D, Xia Y, Wang X, Wang X. Association between phenols exposure and earlier puberty in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2020; 190:110056. [PMID: 32805251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association between phenolic chemicals and the risk of earlier puberty based on the available evidence by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched and retrieved appropriate journal articles on the association between phenols exposure and earlier puberty in children published before February 14, 2020. Stata software version 12.0 and Excel were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis with total subjects of 4737. All the subjects included in our studies were girls. The pooled estimate has shown the association between 2, 5- dichrolophenol exposure, and earlier puberty in children with effect size (ES) 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20). Exposed to other types of phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A, Triclosan, Benzophenone-3 were not statistically significant associated with the risk of earlier puberty in children with the overall pooled estimates of ES of 1.09 (95%CI: 0.88, 1.35), ES 1.05(95% CI: 0.96, 1.15), and ES 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.10) respectively. CONCLUSION Our results portray that phenols particularly 2, 5- dichlorophenol exposure might be associated with the risk of earlier puberty in children. Also, caution should be taken to other type of phenolic chemicals since in subgroup analysis some individual studies have shown a positive relationship between bisphenol A, Triclosan and Benzophenone-3 exposures, and the risk of earlier puberty in children. Future cohort studies should be conducted with more sample sizes to determine the relationship between 2, 5- dichlorophenol, and the risk of earlier puberty in children of all gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Guth M, Pollock T, Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, Bouchard MF. Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in girls 6-17 years living in Canada. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113633. [PMID: 33045491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens are chemical substances used as preservatives for their antibacterial and antifungal properties in many personal care products, and sometimes in pharmaceutical and food products. Concerns for adverse human health effects arise from animal studies showing endocrine disrupting effects, such as changes in the timing of puberty and alterations in reproductive hormone activity. Our objective was to examine the association between urinary concentrations of parabens and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and luteinizing hormone [LH]) in girls from the general population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in girls ages 6-17 years, using data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2014-2015). The association between concentrations of creatinine-standardized urinary parabens and serum hormone concentrations was analyzed with multivariable linear regressions, adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., age, body mass index, ethnicity, household income, sampling season; prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke for girls 6-11 years). RESULTS The 382 girls and teens included in the study had a mean age of 11.0 years; 76% were white and 73% had a body mass index in the range normal/underweight. Most participants (92%) had least one paraben detected in their urine. Girls with higher urinary paraben concentrations had significantly lower serum concentrations of estradiol, LH, and FSH, but not of progesterone. A doubling in the sum of urinary parabens was associated with 5.8% lower estradiol (95% CI -9.3, -2.1), 4.2% lower FSH (95% CI -7.9, -0.3), and 10.8% lower LH (95% CI -17.4, -3.7). The analysis of individual compounds showed that all four parabens were similarly associated with lower concentrations of estradiol, FSH, and LH. We further analyzed younger girls (6-11 years) and found that urinary parabens were similarly associated with lower estradiol and LH (doubling in the sum of parabens associated with 5.9% lower estradiol [95% CI -10.5, -1.0] and 10.9% lower LH [95% CI -20.2, -0.6]). In this younger subgroup, the association estimate for FSH, however, was attenuated and no longer statistically significant. DISCUSSION We observed that exposure to parabens was associated with reduced concentrations of circulating reproductive hormones, suggesting that these chemicals could alter the development and function of the endocrine system in girls. Further prospective research using long-term assessment of parabens exposure and of reproductive development may better determine endocrine disrupting effects of parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Guth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Canada.
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Klis K, Wronka I. Associations between childhood and adolescence exposure to air pollution and adult height in polish women. Environ Res 2020; 189:109965. [PMID: 32739685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne substances harmful to health during pre- and postnatal stage may significantly affect the correct development of organs and systems. Many studies analyze the relationship between air quality and health, but data on the impact of air pollution on human biological development are scanty. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between adult body height and air quality in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence. The parameters measured included absolute stature (cm) and relative stature defined as a percentage of mean stature of both parents. The analysis covered data collected from 1257 women. Subject's height was measured. Data on parental height were obtained using a questionnaire. The level of each analysed environmental pollution in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence: particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitric dioxide (NO2) and benzene (C6H6) in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence was determined on the basis of the data made available by the Polish Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Results of our study show that mean stature decreases with growing air pollution level. Significant differences were observed both in absolute stature and relative stature (expressed as percentage of mean stature of both parents) depending on PM10 and PM2.5 levels in place of residence during childhood and adolescence as well as on the total index of air quality. The differences remain statistically significant also after adjustment for the degree of urbanisation of the place of residence and factors related to socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that air pollution level in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence has significant impact on the children growth, potentially leading to worse health status later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Wronka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Huang Y, Wang P, Law JCF, Zhao Y, Wei Q, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Shi H, Leung KSY. Organic UV filter exposure and pubertal development: A prospective follow-up study of urban Chinese adolescents. Environ Int 2020; 143:105961. [PMID: 32679395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV filters, widely used in personal care and industrial products, are being found in the environment and, in humans where with limited understanding on their potential health effects, especially during puberty. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between UV filter exposure and pubertal development in a prospective follow-up study. METHODS This study included 521 elementary and high school students from a suburban area of Shanghai. The initial study was done in October to November 2011; the follow-up study in April to May 2013. Twelve urinary organic UV filters were quantified, and the pubertal development was assessed at each study period by trained physicians using Tanner staging. We used (ordered) logistic regression model and multilevel mixed-effect (ordered) logistic regression model to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal effects between urinary concentration of five major UV filters and pubertal development of stages, onset and pace. RESULTS Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and its metabolite 4'-methoxyacetophenone (4'-MAP), two benzophenone derivatives (BP-2, BP-3) and Ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (OD-PABA) were the most extensively detected UV filters in urine with geometric means (95% CI) in 2010 and 2012 as 1.77 (1.599, 1.956) and 2.28 (1.985, 2.622) ng/mL for EHMC; 4.55 (4.219, 4.907) and 5.26 (4.783, 5.775) ng/mL for 4'-MAP; 4.38 (4.011, 4.774) and 5.74 (5.023, 6.562) ng/mL for BP-2; 0.83 (0.760, 0.903) and 1.09 (0.967, 1.220) ng/mL for BP-3; 5.37 (4.949, 5.820) and 5.80 (5.193, 6.486) pg/mL for OD-PABA. Significant trend P-values (P < 0.05) include: EHMC and its metabolite were negatively correlated with stages of testicular volume and genital development; BP-3 was also negatively correlated with stages of testicular volume in boys, while OD-PABA positively correlated with stages of pubic hair and breast development in girls. Also, EHMC was associated with later pubertal onset of pubic hair and testicular volumes in boys, while OD-PABA correlated with earlier pubertal onset of breast development in girls. OD-PABA also significantly speeded up the progression of pubic hair and breast development in girls. DISCUSSION UV filters were extensively detected. Exposure to EHMC and BP-3 was significantly associated with later pubertal development in boys, and OD-PABA was associated with earlier pubertal development in girls. It demonstrates that the UV filters so widely used in personal care products and widely detected in environments are finding their way back into people where they are distorting endocrine function of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China
| | - Qian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China.
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China.
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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Suh S, Pham C, Smith J, Mesinkovska NA. The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1033-1042. [PMID: 32108942 PMCID: PMC7648445 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence of high systemic absorption of sunscreen ingredients has raised concerns regarding the safety of sunscreen products. Oxybenzone (BP-3) and octinoxate (OMC), two common sunscreen ingredients, were recently banned in Key West and Hawaii owing to their toxic effects on marine ecosystems. Their impact on human health requires a careful assessment. To summarize the current evidence on the association between the systemic level of BP-3 or OMC and its health impact, a primary literature search was conducted using PubMed database in February 2019. There are 29 studies that address the impact of these ingredients on human health. Studies show that elevated systemic level of BP-3 has no adverse effect on male and female fertility, female reproductive hormone level, adiposity, fetal growth, child's neurodevelopment, and sexual maturation. However, the association of BP-3 level on thyroid hormone, testosterone level, kidney function, and pubertal timing has been reported and prompts further investigations to validate a true association. The systemic absorption of OMC has no reported effect on thyroid and reproductive hormone levels. In conclusion, current evidence is not sufficient to support the causal relationship between the elevated systemic level of BP-3 or OMC and adverse health outcomes. There are either contradictory findings among different studies or an insufficient number of studies to corroborate the observed association. To accurately evaluate the long-term risk of exposure to BP-3 and OMC from sunscreen, a well-designed longitudinal randomized controlled trial needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Suh
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland, OH
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA
| | - Christine Pham
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
| | - Janellen Smith
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
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Fisher CL, Wright KB, Rising CJ, Cai X, Mullis MD, Burke-Garcia A, Afanaseva D. Helping Mothers and Daughters Talk about Environmental Breast Cancer Risk and Risk-Reducing Lifestyle Behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17134757. [PMID: 32630657 PMCID: PMC7370108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mothers and daughters struggle to talk about breast cancer risk. Even less attention is paid to environmental determinants of cancer. Third-party online approaches can be helpful navigating these conversations. The aim of this study was to obtain feedback from mothers exposed to a social media intervention (“mommy bloggers”) and identify their preferences for message-design approaches that could help them talk to their daughter(s) about environmental breast cancer risk. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 mothers. A thematic analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. Results: Mothers identified four approaches to message design that could help facilitate mother–daughter communication about environmental breast cancer risk. These included two action-oriented approaches that centered on getting the conversation started and keeping the conversation going and two approaches based on lifespan factors to promote daughters’ engagement by using age-appropriate language and visuals and focusing on developmentally specific lifestyle behaviors. Mothers also provided recommended strategies within each approach. Conclusions: Mothers identified various approaches interventionists can utilize to overcome barriers to talking to daughters about environmental breast cancer risk. To promote mother–daughter communication, the messages should be action-oriented to facilitate interaction, but also developed with lifespan and developmental considerations in mind to engage daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L. Fisher
- UF Health Cancer Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118400, Gainesville, FL 32611-8400, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-294-1019
| | - Kevin B. Wright
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University, Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.B.W.); (C.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Camella J. Rising
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University, Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.B.W.); (C.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaomei Cai
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University, Dr, MSN3D6, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.B.W.); (C.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Michaela D. Mullis
- UF Health Cancer Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118400, Gainesville, FL 32611-8400, USA;
| | - Amelia Burke-Garcia
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Dasha Afanaseva
- Fors Marsh Group, 901 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, USA;
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Ward JB, Casagrande SS, Cowie CC. Urinary phenols and parabens and diabetes among US adults, NHANES 2005-2014. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:768-776. [PMID: 32127337 PMCID: PMC8772274 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phenols and parabens are ubiquitous and have been associated with markers of cardiovascular health. However, the literature lacks population-based studies examining the link between these endocrine disruptors and diabetes. We examined the association between paraben/phenol concentrations and diabetes among a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We utilized data from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (N = 8498). Total urinary concentrations of BPA, triclosan, BP-3, and propyl, butyl, ethyl, and methyl parabens were measured from urine specimens collected during the examination session. Diabetes status was based on self-report of a previous diagnosis or HbA1c≥6.5%. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with the difference in log-transformed values of the 75th and 25th percentiles for each phenol/paraben, adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of diabetes comparing the 75th to 25th percentiles of each paraben/phenol were 1.09 (0.96-1.23) for BPA, 0.84 (0.72-0.98) for triclosan, 0.69 (0.61-0.79) for BP-3, 0.71 (0.61-0.83) for propyl paraben, 0.66 (0.54-0.80) for butyl paraben, 0.60 (0.51-0.71) for ethyl paraben, and 0.79 (0.68-0.91) for methyl paraben. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of triclosan, BP-3, and propyl, butyl, ethyl, and methyl parabens were associated with lower odds of diabetes. These findings warrant further investigation into the potential mechanism behind the observed associations and the temporal direction of the associations, given that we cannot rule out reverse causation. Future studies of these endocrine disruptors may improve the understanding of their relationship with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Ward
- Social & Scientific Systems, 4505 Emperor Boulevard, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27703, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Sarah S Casagrande
- Social & Scientific Systems, 8757 Georgia Avenue, 12th Floor, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Catherine C Cowie
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6707 Democracy Boulevard Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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van Duursen MBM, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Connolly L, Damdimopoulou P, Filis P, Fowler PA, Gadella BM, Holte J, Jääger K, Johansson HKL, Li T, Mazaud-Guittot S, Parent AS, Salumets A, Soto AM, Svingen T, Velthut-Meikas A, Bay Wedebye E, Xie Y, van den Berg M. Safeguarding Female Reproductive Health against Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-The FREIA Project. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3215. [PMID: 32370092 PMCID: PMC7246859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available test methods are not well-suited for the identification of chemicals that disturb hormonal processes involved in female reproductive development and function. This renders women's reproductive health at increasing risk globally, which, coupled with increasing incidence rates of reproductive disorders, is of great concern. A woman's reproductive health is largely established during embryonic and fetal development and subsequently matures during puberty. The endocrine system influences development, maturation, and function of the female reproductive system, thereby making appropriate hormone levels imperative for correct functioning of reproductive processes. It is concerning that the effects of human-made chemicals on the endocrine system and female reproductive health are poorly addressed in regulatory chemical safety assessment, partly because adequate test methods are lacking. Our EU-funded project FREIA aims to address this need by increasing understanding of how endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can impact female reproductive health. We will use this information to provide better test methods that enable fit-for-purpose chemical regulation and then share our knowledge, promote a sustainable society, and improve the reproductive health of women globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majorie B. M. van Duursen
- Department Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; (L.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB23 8ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB23 8ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Bart M. Gadella
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.M.G.); (M.v.d.B.)
| | - Jan Holte
- Carl von Linné Clinic, Uppsala Science Park, S-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kersti Jääger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Hanna K. L. Johansson
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Tianyi Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Belgium.1, Avenue de l’hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 0211, USA;
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Eva Bay Wedebye
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Yuling Xie
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; (L.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.M.G.); (M.v.d.B.)
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Jin C, Yao Q, Zhou Y, Shi R, Gao Y, Wang C, Tian Y. Exposure to triclosan among pregnant women in northern China: urinary concentrations, sociodemographic predictors, and seasonal variability. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4840-4848. [PMID: 31845258 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although triclosan (TCS) use is widespread in China, little is known about levels of exposure to TCS in pregnant women and its potential predictors, sources, and seasonal variability. We assessed urinary TCS levels of 466 pregnant women in a Chinese cohort. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated. Potential predictors and sources were collected through a questionnaire and the seasonal variability was recorded based on the time of sampling. The geometric mean of urinary TCS concentration was 0.81 μg/g. The 95th EDI was 0.15 μg/kg BW per day and the corresponding HQ was 3.23 × 10-3. Women with a household monthly salary between RMB (¥) 1000 and 3000 and between RMB (¥) 3000 and 5000 had 0.52 μg/g (95% CI 0.08, 0.75) and 0.58 μg/g (95% CI 0.17, 0.79) lower urinary TCS levels than those with a household monthly salary of < RMB (¥) 1000, respectively. Urine samples collected in winter had lower TCS levels (geometric mean 0.72 μg/g) than in spring, summer, and autumn (geometric mean 0.82, 0.84, and 0.86 μg/g), although they were non-significant (P = 0.648). No association was found between drinking water and food consumed during pregnancy and TCS levels. The study population was ubiquitously exposed to a relatively low and safe dose of TCS. Women with lower household income tended to be exposed to higher levels of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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46
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Windham GC, Soriano JW, Dobraca D, Sosnoff CS, Hiatt RA, Kushi LH. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16214208. [PMID: 31671594 PMCID: PMC6862570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes and may disproportionately burden lower socioeconomic status groups, exacerbating health disparities. We explored associations of demographic factors, stressful life events, and chemical co-exposures, with cotinine levels, among girls in the CYGNET Study. Data were collected from families of girls aged 6–8 years old in Northern California, through clinic exams, questionnaires and biospecimens (n = 421). Linear regression and factor analysis were conducted to explore predictors of urinary cotinine and co-exposure body burdens, respectively. In unadjusted models, geometric mean cotinine concentrations were higher among Black (0.59 ug/g creatinine) than non-Hispanic white (0.27), Asian (0.32), or Hispanic (0.34) participants. Following adjustment, living in a rented home, lower primary caregiver education, and lack of two biologic parents in the home were associated with higher cotinine concentrations. Girls who experienced parental separation or unemployment in the family had higher unadjusted cotinine concentrations. Higher cotinine was also associated with higher polybrominated diphenyl ether and metals concentrations. Our findings have environmental justice implications as Black and socio-economically disadvantaged young girls experienced higher ETS exposure, also associated with higher exposure to other chemicals. Efforts to reduce ETS and co-exposures should account for other disparity-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle C Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, CA Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Jasmine W Soriano
- Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida de la Playa, Suite D, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Dina Dobraca
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, CA Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Connie S Sosnoff
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A. Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:96. [PMID: 31429809 PMCID: PMC6701090 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that distinct time periods of heightened susceptibility to endocrine disruptors exist throughout the life course. The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman’s life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. These time windows are considered as specific periods of susceptibility for breast cancer because significant structural and functional changes occur in the mammary gland, as well as alterations in the mammary micro-environment and hormone signaling that may influence risk. Breast cancer research focused on these breast cancer WOS will accelerate understanding of disease etiology and prevention. Main text Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland’s structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. In addition to summarizing the broader evidence-base specific to WOS, we include discussion of the NIH-funded Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) which included population-based and basic science research focused on specific WOS to evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and particular classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and phenols—and metals. We outline ways in which ongoing transdisciplinary BCERP projects incorporate animal research and human epidemiologic studies in close partnership with community organizations and communication scientists to identify research priorities and effectively translate evidence-based findings to the public and policy makers. Conclusions An integrative model of breast cancer research is needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors at different WOS. By focusing on environmental chemical exposure during specific WOS, scientists and their community partners may identify when prevention efforts are likely to be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1611, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 71-254, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road A-1039F, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute and Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences and the Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 605, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, E411 New Research Building, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Environmental Health Sciences; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, PH8E-101B, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 250 Pearson Hall, 125 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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Harley KG, Berger KP, Kogut K, Parra K, Lustig RH, Greenspan LC, Calafat AM, Ye X, Eskenazi B. Association of phthalates, parabens and phenols found in personal care products with pubertal timing in girls and boys. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:109-117. [PMID: 30517665 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are in-utero or peripubertal exposures to phthalates, parabens and other phenols found in personal care products associated with timing of pubertal onset in boys and girls? SUMMARY ANSWER We found some associations of altered pubertal timing in girls, but little evidence in boys. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Certain chemicals in personal care and consumer products, including low molecular weight phthalates, parabens and phenols, or their precursors, are associated with altered pubertal timing in animal studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data were from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) longitudinal cohort study which followed 338 children in the Salinas Valley, California, from before birth to adolescence. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pregnant women were enrolled in 1999-2000. Mothers were mostly Latina, living below the federal poverty threshold and without a high school diploma. We measured concentrations of three phthalate metabolites (monoethyl phthalate [MEP], mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate), methyl and propyl paraben and four other phenols (triclosan, benzophenone-3 and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol) in urine collected from mothers during pregnancy and from children at age 9. Pubertal timing was assessed among 179 girls and 159 boys every 9 months between ages 9 and 13 using clinical Tanner staging. Accelerated failure time models were used to obtain mean shifts of pubertal timing associated with concentrations of prenatal and peripubertal biomarkers. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In girls, we observed earlier onset of pubic hair development with prenatal urinary MEP concentrations and earlier menarche with prenatal triclosan and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations. Regarding peripubertal biomarkers, we observed: earlier breast development, pubic hair development and menarche with methyl paraben; earlier menarche with propyl paraben; and later pubic hair development with 2,5-dichlorophenol. In boys, we observed no associations with prenatal urinary biomarker concentrations and only one association with peripubertal concentrations: earlier genital development with propyl paraben. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These chemicals are quickly metabolized and one to two urinary measurements per developmental point may not accurately reflect usual exposure. Associations of peripubertal measurements with parabens may reflect reverse causality: children going through puberty early may be more likely to use personal care products. The study population was limited to Latino children of low socioeconomic status living in a farmworker community and may not be widely generalizable. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study contributes to a growing literature that suggests that exposure to certain endocrine disrupting chemicals may impact timing of puberty in children. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly P Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Parra
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Greenspan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente, 2238 Geary Blvd., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Lee JE, Jung HW, Lee YJ, Lee YA. Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development in girls. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:78-91. [PMID: 31261471 PMCID: PMC6603611 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the onset of puberty in girls has occurred earlier, but the tempo of pubertal progression has been relatively slower, resulting in a younger age at puberty onset without a change in age at menarche. Sufficient energy availability and adiposity contribute to early pubertal development, and environmental factors, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may affect not only the control of energy balance, but also puberty and reproduction. EDCs are hormonally active substances that can perturb puberty by acting both peripherally on target organs, such as adipose tissue or adrenal glands, and/or centrally on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Depending on whether the exposure takes place earlier during fetal and neonatal life or later during early childhood, EDCs can lead to different outcomes through different mechanisms. Evidence of associations between exposures to EDCs and altered pubertal timing makes it reasonable to support their relationship. However, human epidemiologic data are limited or inconsistent and cannot provide sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between EDC exposure and changes in pubertal timing. Further investigation is warranted to determine the overall or different effects of EDCs exposure during prenatal or childhood windows on pubertal milestones and to reveal the underlying mechanisms, including epigenetic marks, whereby early-life exposure to EDCs affect the HPG-peripheral tissue axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Young Ah Lee, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2082 Fax: +82-2-2072-3917 E-mail:
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50
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Han X, Chen J, Qiu H, Shi Y. Solid/liquid phase microextraction of five bisphenol-type endocrine disrupting chemicals by using a hollow fiber reinforced with graphene oxide nanoribbons, and determination by HPLC-PDA. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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