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Blaustein JR, Quisel MJ, Hamburg NM, Wittkopp S. Environmental Impacts on Cardiovascular Health and Biology: An Overview. Circ Res 2024; 134:1048-1060. [PMID: 38662864 PMCID: PMC11058466 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stressors associated with human activities (eg, air and noise pollution, light disturbance at night) and climate change (eg, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events) are increasingly recognized as contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These harmful exposures have been shown to elicit changes in stress responses, circadian rhythms, immune cell activation, and oxidative stress, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) that promote cardiovascular diseases. In this overview, we summarize evidence from human and animal studies of the impacts of environmental exposures and climate change on cardiovascular health. In addition, we discuss strategies to reduce the impact of environmental risk factors on current and future cardiovascular disease burden, including urban planning, personal monitoring, and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Blaustein
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J. Quisel
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedision School of Medicine
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Section of Vascular Biology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Sharine Wittkopp
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York, USA
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2
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Bonanni LJ, Wittkopp S, Long C, Aleman JO, Newman JD. A review of air pollution as a driver of cardiovascular disease risk across the diabetes spectrum. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1321323. [PMID: 38665261 PMCID: PMC11043478 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1321323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is estimated to reach almost 630 million cases worldwide by the year 2045; of current and projected cases, over 90% are type 2 diabetes. Air pollution exposure has been implicated in the onset and progression of diabetes. Increased exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is associated with increases in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) across the glycemic spectrum, including normoglycemia, prediabetes, and all forms of diabetes. Air pollution exposure is a driver of cardiovascular disease onset and exacerbation and can increase cardiovascular risk among those with diabetes. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the relationships between air pollution exposure, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlighting how airborne pollutants can disrupt glucose homeostasis. We discuss how air pollution and diabetes, via shared mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction, drive increased cardiovascular disease risk. We identify portable air cleaners as potentially useful tools to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes due to air pollution exposure across the diabetes spectrum, while emphasizing the need for further study in this particular population. Given the enormity of the health and financial impacts of air pollution exposure on patients with diabetes, a greater understanding of the interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in this population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Bonanni
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sharine Wittkopp
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clarine Long
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - José O. Aleman
- Division of Endocrinology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Newman
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Montone RA, Camilli M, Calvieri C, Magnani G, Bonanni A, Bhatt DL, Rajagopalan S, Crea F, Niccoli G. Exposome in ischaemic heart disease: beyond traditional risk factors. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:419-438. [PMID: 38238478 PMCID: PMC10849374 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, typically induced by the detrimental effects of risk factors on the cardiovascular system. Although preventive interventions tackling conventional risk factors have helped to reduce the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, it remains a major cause of death worldwide. Thus, attention is now shifting to non-traditional risk factors in the built, natural, and social environments that collectively contribute substantially to the disease burden and perpetuate residual risk. Of importance, these complex factors interact non-linearly and in unpredictable ways to often enhance the detrimental effects attributable to a single or collection of these factors. For this reason, a new paradigm called the 'exposome' has recently been introduced by epidemiologists in order to define the totality of exposure to these new risk factors. The purpose of this review is to outline how these emerging risk factors may interact and contribute to the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease, with a particular attention on the impact of long-term exposure to different environmental pollutants, socioeconomic and psychological factors, along with infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. Moreover, potential mitigation strategies for both individuals and communities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Magnani
- Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Liu H, Lai W, Shi Y, Tian L, Li K, Bian L, Xi Z, Lin B. One-Step Fast Fabrication of Electrospun Fiber Membranes for Efficient Particulate Matter Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:209. [PMID: 38257008 PMCID: PMC10818706 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid social and industrial development has resulted in an increasing demand for fossil fuel energy, which increases particulate matter (PM) pollution. In this study, we employed a simple one-step electrospinning technique to fabricate polysulfone (PSF) fiber membranes for PM filtration. A 0.3 g/mL polymer solution with an N,N-dimethylformamide:tetrahydrofuran volume ratio of 3:1 yielded uniform and bead-free PSF fibers with a diameter of approximately 1.17 μm. The PSF fiber membrane exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 1.14 MPa and an elongation at break of 116.6%. Finally, the PM filtration performance of the PSF fiber membrane was evaluated. The filtration efficiencies of the membrane for PM2.5 and PM1.0 were approximately 99.6% and 99.2%, respectively. The pressure drops were 65.0 and 65.2 Pa, which were significantly lower than those of commercial air filters. Using this technique, PSF fiber membrane filters can be easily fabricated over a large area, which is promising for numerous air filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (H.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
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Henning RJ. Particulate Matter Air Pollution is a Significant Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102094. [PMID: 37734693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is responsible worldwide for 9-12 million deaths annually. The major contributor to air pollution is particulate matter ≤2.5 µg per cubic meter of air (PM2.5) from vehicles, industrial emissions, and wildfire smoke. United States ambient air standards recommend annual average PM2.5 concentrations of ≤12 μg/m³ while European standards allow an average annual PM2.5 concentration of ≤20 μg/m3. However, significant PM2.5 cardiovascular and pulmonary health risks exist below these concentrations. Chronic PM2.5 exposure significantly increases major cardiovascular and pulmonary event risks in Americans by 8 to more than 20% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. PM2.5-induced increases in lipid peroxidation, induction of vascular inflammation and endothelial cell injury initiate and propagate respiratory diseases, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. PM2.5 can cause atherosclerotic vascular plaque rupture and myocardial infarction and stroke by activating metalloproteinases. This article discusses PM2.5 effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, specific PM2.5 pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to cardiopulmonary disease, and preventive measures to limit the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of PM2.5.
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Lu FT, Laumbach RJ, Legard A, Myers NT, Black KG, Ohman-Strickland P, Alimokhtari S, de Resende A, Calderón L, Mainelis G, Kipen HM. Real-World Effectiveness of Portable Air Cleaners in Reducing Home Particulate Matter Concentrations. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2024; 24:230202. [PMID: 38618024 PMCID: PMC11014421 DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.230202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Portable air cleaners (PACs) equipped with HEPA filters are gaining attention as cost-effective means of decreasing indoor particulate matter (PM) air pollutants and airborne viruses. However, the performance of PACs in naturalistic settings and spaces beyond the room containing the PAC is not well characterized. We conducted a single-blinded randomized cross-over interventional study between November 2020 and May 2021 in the homes of adults who tested positive for COVID-19. The intervention was air filtration with PAC operated with the HEPA filter set installed ("filter" condition) versus removed ("sham" condition, i.e., control). Sampling was performed in 29 homes for two consecutive 24-hour periods in the primary room (containing the PAC) and a secondary room. PAC effectiveness, calculated as reductions in overall mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the filter condition, were for the primary rooms 78.8% and 63.9% (n = 23), respectively, and for the secondary rooms 57.9% and 60.4% (n = 22), respectively. When a central air handler (CAH) was reported to be in use, filter-associated reductions of PM were statistically significant during the day (06:00-22:00) and night (22:01-05:59) in the primary rooms but only during the day in the secondary rooms. Our study adds to the literature evaluating the real-world effects of PACs on a secondary room and considering the impact of central air systems on PAC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic T. Lu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert J. Laumbach
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alicia Legard
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nirmala T. Myers
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen G. Black
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Pamela Ohman-Strickland
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Shahnaz Alimokhtari
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Adriana de Resende
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Leonardo Calderón
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gediminas Mainelis
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Howard M. Kipen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Yu J, Zhu A, Liu M, Dong J, Chen R, Tian T, Liu T, Ma L, Ruan Y. Association Between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations in Lanzhou City, 2013-2020: A Time Series Analysis. Geohealth 2024; 8:e2022GH000780. [PMID: 38173697 PMCID: PMC10762694 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Extensive evidence has shown that air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) admissions. We aimed to explore the short-term effect of air pollution on CVD admissions in Lanzhou residents and their lag effects. Meteorological data, air pollution data, and a total of 309,561 daily hospitalizations for CVD among urban residents in Lanzhou were collected from 2013 to 2020. Distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyze the relationship between air pollutants and CVD admissions, stratified by gender, age, and season. PM2.5, NO2, and CO have the strongest harmful effects at lag03, while SO2 at lag3. The relative risks of CVD admissions were 1.0013(95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0023), 1.0032(95% CI: 1.0008, 1.0056), and 1.0040(95% CI: 1.0024, 1.0057) when PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations were increased by 10 μg/m³, respectively. Each 1 mg/m3 increase in CO concentration was associated with a relative risk of cardiovascular hospitalization of risk was 1.0909(95% CI: 1.0367, 1.1479). We observed a relative risk of 0.9981(95% CI: 0.9972, 0.9991) for each 10 μg/m³ increase in O3 for CVD admissions at lag06. We found a significant lag effects of air pollutants on CVD admissions. NO2 and CO pose a greater risk of hospitalization for women, while PM2.5 and SO2 have a greater impact on men. PM2.5, NO2, and CO have a greater impact on CVD admissions in individuals aged <65 years, whereas SO2 affects those aged ≥65 years. Our research indicates a possible short-term impact of air pollution on CVD. Local public health and environmental policies should take these preliminary findings into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Yu
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Anning Zhu
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Miaoxin Liu
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Jiyuan Dong
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Rentong Chen
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Ye Ruan
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
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Sadeh M, Fulman N, Agay N, Levy I, Ziv A, Chudnovsky A, Brauer M, Dankner R. Residential Greenness and Long-term Mortality Among Patients Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Epidemiology 2024; 35:41-50. [PMID: 37820249 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported inverse associations between exposure to residential greenness and mortality. Greenness has also been associated with better surgical recovery. However, studies have had small sample sizes and have been restricted to clinical settings. We investigated the association between exposure to residential greenness and all-cause mortality among a cohort of cardiac patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS We studied this cohort of 3,128 CABG patients between 2004 and 2009 at seven cardiothoracic departments in Israel and followed patients until death or 1st May 2021. We collected covariate information at the time of surgery and calculated the patient-level average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the entire follow-up in a 300 m buffer from the home address. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate associations between greenness and death, adjusting for age, sex, origin, socioeconomic status, type of hospital admission, peripherality, air pollution, and distance from the sea. RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 63.8 ± 10.6 for men and 69.5 ± 10.0 for women. During an average of 12.1 years of follow-up (37,912 person-years), 1,442 (46%) patients died. A fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model estimated a 7% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.93, 95% CI = [0.85, 1.00]) per 1 interquartile range width increase (0.04) in NDVI. Results were robust to the use of different buffer sizes (100 m-1,250 m from the home) and to the use of average NDVI exposure during the first versus the last 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Residential greenness was associated with lower risk of mortality in CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Sadeh
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Fulman
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nirit Agay
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilan Levy
- Air Quality Division, Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection
| | - Arnona Ziv
- Unit for Data Management and Computerization, the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- AIR-O Lab, Porter School of Environment and Geosciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel Dankner
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Klaver ZM, Crane RC, Ziemba RA, Bard RL, Adar SD, Brook RD, Morishita M. Reduction of Outdoor and Indoor PM 2.5 Source Contributions via Portable Air Filtration Systems in a Senior Residential Facility in Detroit, Michigan. Toxics 2023; 11:1019. [PMID: 38133420 PMCID: PMC10748160 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Reducing Air Pollution in Detroit Intervention Study (RAPIDS) was designed to evaluate cardiovascular health benefits and personal fine particulate matter (particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter, PM2.5) exposure reductions via portable air filtration units (PAFs) among older adults in Detroit, Michigan. This double-blind randomized crossover intervention study has shown that, compared to sham, air filtration for 3 days decreased 3-day average brachial systolic blood pressure by 3.2 mmHg. The results also showed that commercially available HEPA-type and true HEPA PAFs mitigated median indoor PM2.5 concentrations by 58% and 65%, respectively. However, to our knowledge, no health intervention study in which a significant positive health effect was observed has also evaluated how outdoor and indoor PM2.5 sources impacted the subjects. With that in mind, detailed characterization of outdoor and indoor PM2.5 samples collected during this study and a source apportionment analysis of those samples using a positive matrix factorization model were completed. The aims of this most recent work were to characterize the indoor and outdoor sources of the PM2.5 this community was exposed to and to assess how effectively commercially available HEPA-type and true HEPA PAFs were able to reduce indoor and outdoor PM2.5 source contributions. Methods: Approximately 24 h daily indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected on Teflon and Quartz filters from the apartments of 40 study subjects during each 3-day intervention period. These filters were analyzed for mass, carbon, and trace elements. Environmental Protection Agency Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 was utilized to determine major emission sources that contributed to the outdoor and indoor PM2.5 levels during this study. Results: The major sources of outdoor PM2.5 were secondary aerosols (28%), traffic/urban dust (24%), iron/steel industries (15%), sewage/municipal incineration (10%), and oil combustion/refinery (6%). The major sources of indoor PM2.5 were organic compounds (45%), traffic + sewage/municipal incineration (14%), secondary aerosols (13%), smoking (7%), and urban dust (2%). Infiltration of outdoor PM2.5 for sham, HEPA-type, and true HEPA air filtration was 79 ± 24%, 61 ± 32%, and 51 ± 34%, respectively. Conclusions: The results from our study showed that intervention with PAFs was able to significantly decrease indoor PM2.5 derived from outdoor and indoor PM2.5 sources. The PAFs were also able to significantly reduce the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The results of this study provide insights into what types of major PM2.5 sources this community is exposed to and what degree of air quality and systolic blood pressure improvements are possible through the use of commercially available PAFs in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Klaver
- Exposure Science Lab, Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ryan C. Crane
- Exposure Science Lab, Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Robert L. Bard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara D. Adar
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert D. Brook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Masako Morishita
- Exposure Science Lab, Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Young MT, Jansen K, Cosselman KE, Gould TR, Stewart JA, Larson T, Sack C, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD. Blood Pressure Effect of Traffic-Related Air Pollution : A Crossover Trial of In-Vehicle Filtration. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:1586-1594. [PMID: 38011704 DOI: 10.7326/m23-1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution, including traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), increases cardiovascular disease risk, possibly through vascular alterations. Limited information exists about in-vehicle TRAP exposure and vascular changes. OBJECTIVE To determine via particle filtration the effect of on-roadway TRAP exposure on blood pressure and retinal vasculature. DESIGN Randomized crossover trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05454930). SETTING In-vehicle scripted commutes driven through traffic in Seattle, Washington, during 2014 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS Normotensive persons aged 22 to 45 years (n = 16). INTERVENTION On 2 days, on-road air was entrained into the vehicle. On another day, the vehicle was equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration. Participants were blinded to the exposure and were randomly assigned to the sequence. MEASUREMENTS Fourteen 3-minute periods of blood pressure were recorded before, during, and up to 24 hours after a drive. Image-based central retinal arteriolar equivalents (CRAEs) were measured before and after. Brachial artery diameter and gene expression were also measured and will be reported separately. RESULTS Mean age was 29.7 years, predrive systolic blood pressure was 122.7 mm Hg, predrive diastolic blood pressure was 70.8 mm Hg, and drive duration was 122.3 minutes (IQR, 4 minutes). Filtration reduced particle count by 86%. Among persons with complete data (n = 13), at 1 hour, mean diastolic blood pressure, adjusted for predrive levels, order, and carryover, was 4.7 mm Hg higher (95% CI, 0.9 to 8.4 mm Hg) for unfiltered drives compared with filtered drives, and mean adjusted systolic blood pressure was 4.5 mm Hg higher (CI, -1.2 to 10.2 mm Hg). At 24 hours, adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure (unfiltered) was 3.8 mm Hg higher (CI, 0.02 to 7.5 mm Hg) and adjusted mean systolic blood pressure was 1.1 mm Hg higher (CI, -4.6 to 6.8 mm Hg). Adjusted mean CRAE (unfiltered) was 2.7 μm wider (CI, -1.5 to 6.8 μm). LIMITATIONS Imprecise estimates due to small sample size; seasonal imbalance by exposure order. CONCLUSION Filtration of TRAP may mitigate its adverse effects on blood pressure rapidly and at 24 hours. Validation is required in larger samples and different settings. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.T.Y., K.J., K.E.C., S.V.)
| | - Karen Jansen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.T.Y., K.J., K.E.C., S.V.)
| | - Kristen E Cosselman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.T.Y., K.J., K.E.C., S.V.)
| | - Timothy R Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.R.G.)
| | - James A Stewart
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.A.S.)
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.L.)
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.S.)
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.T.Y., K.J., K.E.C., S.V.)
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.A.S.)
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.K.)
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11
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Haddad P, Ogurtsova K, Lucht S, Glaubitz L, Höppe P, Nowak D, Angerer P, Hoffmann B. Short-term exposure to ultrafine and fine particulate matter with multipollutant modelling on heart rate variability among seniors and children from the CorPuScula (coronary, pulmonary, sanguis) longitudinal study in Germany. Front Epidemiol 2023; 3:1278506. [PMID: 38455908 PMCID: PMC10910943 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1278506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Short-term exposure particulate matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) has been less well examined. We investigated the associations between the HRV outcomes and short-term exposure to UFP, PM10 and PM2.5 among school-aged children and seniors. Methods CorPuScula (Coronary, Pulmonary and Sanguis) is a longitudinal, repeated-measure panel study conducted in 2000-2002 in Munich, Germany including 52 seniors (58-94 years old) with 899 observations and 50 children (6-10 years old) with 925 observations. A 10-min resting electrocardiogram was performed to assess resting HRV outcomes [Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between Normal Heartbeats (RMSSD), Low Frequency power (LF), High Frequency power (HF), ration between low and high frequency (LF/HF)]. UFP and PM exposures were measured near the care home and school yard for seniors and children, respectively. Mean exposures during the day of examination (9-21 h) as well as 3-h, 12-h, 24-h, one-day, and two-day lags were assessed. Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the associations between short-term air pollution and HRV outcomes separately in children and seniors. The models were adjusted for sex, age, weather conditions (temperature, precipitation, and water vapor pressure), BMI, lifestyle and medical information. Two and multipollutant models adjusted for NO2 and O3 were performed. Results Among seniors, we observed increases in SDNN, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio after short-term exposure to UFP (hourly and daily lags) in contrast to decreases in SDNN and RMSSD after exposure to PM10. Associations were generally robust to two- and multipollutant adjustment. Among children, we observed increases of the LF/HF ratio after short-term exposures to UFP at lags 12 and 24 h. In contrast, we observed decreases of the ratio after exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. Results were largely unchanged for multipollutant modelling, however we found a more pronounced increase in SDNN and LF/HF (UFP lag 12 and 24 h) after adjusting for NO2. Conclusions Overall, among seniors, we observed associations of UFP and PM10 exposure with sympathetic responses of the ANS, which play an important role in sudden heart attacks or arrhythmia. Among children we found more inconsistent associations between UFP and a delayed increase in HRV. Adjusting for co-pollutants including NO2 and O3 yielded robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Haddad
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katherine Ogurtsova
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Real-World Evidence & Insights, Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Lina Glaubitz
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Höppe
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Ward-Caviness CK, Cascio WE. A Narrative Review on the Impact of Air Pollution on Heart Failure Risk and Exacerbation. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1244-1252. [PMID: 37406802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). Although the links between air pollution and HF have been explored, the results are scattered and difficult to piece together into a cohesive story. Therefore, we undertook a narrative review of all aspects of the relationship between HF and air pollution exposure, including risks of developing HF when exposed to air pollution, the exacerbation of HF symptoms by air pollution exposure, and the increased susceptibility that individuals with HF have for air pollution-related health risks. We also examined the literature on environmental justice as well as air pollution interventions for HF. We found substantial evidence linking air pollution exposure to HF incidence. There were a limited number of studies that examined air pollution exposure in clearly defined populations with HF to explore exacerbation of HF or the susceptibility of individuals with HF to air pollution health risks. However, there is substantial evidence that HF-related hospitalisations are increased under air pollution exposure and that the air pollution associated increase in HF-related hospitalisations is greater than hospitalisations for other chronic diseases, supporting links between air pollution and both exacerbation of HF and susceptibility of individuals with HF. There is emerging evidence for interventions that can decrease air pollution health risks for individuals with HF, and more studies are needed, particularly randomised controlled trials. Thus, although the air pollution-related health risks for HF incidence and hospitalisations are clear, further studies specifically targeted at identified data gaps will greatly improve our knowledge of the susceptibility of individuals with HF and interventions to reduce risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Guo Y, Jiang J, Cao F, Yan J. Disease burden based on gender and age and risk factors for stroke in China, 2019. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 48:1217-1224. [PMID: 37875362 PMCID: PMC10930846 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China. This study aims to analyze the disease burden based on gender and age and the risk factors for stroke subtypes in China 2019, and to provide reference for targeted stroke prevention and control. METHODS Based on 2019 data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), the gender and age in patients with different stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) in China 2019 was described by using disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and attributable burden of related risk factors was analyzed. RESULTS In 2019, the burden of intracranial hemorrhage was the heaviest one in China, resulting in 22.210 6 million person years of DALY, following by ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, resulting in 21.393 9 and 2.344 7 million person years of DALY, respectively. Among them, except the 0-14 age group, the disease burden of different subtypes of stroke in men was higher than that in women. The disease burden of ischemic stroke was increased with age in both men and women, with the heaviest disease burden in ≥70 years group. The disease burden of intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was the heaviest in males aged 50-69 years old, and in females aged ≥70 years and 50-69 years, respectively. Metabolic factors were the main risk factors in all ages of different stroke subtypes, and the most important risk factor was high systolic blood pressure. Other risk factors were different between men and women. Smoking, high body mass index, high low-density lipoprotein, and outdoor particulate matter pollution were the main risk factors for stroke in men, while high body mass index, outdoor particulate matter pollution, and high fasting blood glucose were the main risk factors of stroke in women. The main risk were different among different age groups. CONCLUSIONS The burden and attributable risk factors for different stroke subtypes are discrepancy in different gender and age groups. Targeted interventions should be conducted in the future to reduce the burden of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006.
| | - Junhao Jiang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006
| | - Junxia Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006.
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14
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Ma Y, Su B, Li D, Cui F, Tang L, Wang J, Tian Y, Zheng X. Air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A large prospective cohort study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302708120. [PMID: 37523535 PMCID: PMC10410743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302708120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no study has explored the extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of air pollutants on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study was designed to investigate the separate and joint effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants and genetic susceptibility on the risk of AF events. This study included 401,251 participants without AF at baseline from UK Biobank. We constructed a polygenic risk score and categorized it into three categories. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to assess the separate and joint effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants and genetics on the risk of AF. Additionally, we further evaluated the effect modification of genetic susceptibility. The hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of incident AF for per interquartile range increase in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) or 10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) were 1.044 (1.025, 1.063), 1.063 (1.044, 1.083), 1.061 (1.042, 1.081), and 1.039 (1.023, 1.055), respectively. For the combined effects, participants exposed to high air pollutants levels and high genetic risk had approximately 149.2% (PM2.5), 181.7% (PM10), 170.2% (NO2), and 157.2% (NOx) higher risk of AF compared to those with low air pollutants levels and low genetic risk, respectively. Moreover, the significant additive interactions between PM10 and NO2 and genetic risk on AF risk were observed, with around 16.4% and 35.1% of AF risk could be attributable to the interactive effects. In conclusion, long-term exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of AF, particularly among individuals with high genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing100730, China
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Feipeng Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Linxi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing100730, China
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15
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Abstract
As the world's population becomes increasingly urbanized, there is growing concern about the impact of urban environments on cardiovascular health. Urban residents are exposed to a variety of adverse environmental exposures throughout their lives, including air pollution, built environment, and lack of green space, which may contribute to the development of early cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. While epidemiological studies have examined the role of a few environmental factors with early cardiovascular disease, the relationship with the broader environment remains poorly defined. In this article, we provide a brief overview of studies that have examined the impact of the environment including the built physical environment, discuss current challenges in the field, and suggest potential directions for future research. Additionally, we highlight the clinical implications of these findings and propose multilevel interventions to promote cardiovascular health among children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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16
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Sherratt SCR, Libby P, Dawoud H, Bhatt DL, Malinski T, Mason RP. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and inflammation due to changes in protein expression during exposure to particulate matter air pollution. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114629. [PMID: 37027984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inhalation of air pollution small particle matter (PM) is a leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Exposure to PMs causes endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction as evidenced by nitric oxide (NO) synthase uncoupling, vasoconstriction and inflammation. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to mitigate PM-induced adverse cardiac changes in patients receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. We set out to determine the pro-inflammatory effects of multiple PMs (urban and fine) on pulmonary EC NO bioavailability and protein expression, and whether EPA restores EC function under these conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We pretreated pulmonary ECs with EPA and then exposed them to urban or fine air pollution PMs. LC/MS-based proteomic analysis to assess relative expression levels. Expression of adhesion molecules was measured by immunochemistry. The ratio of NO to peroxynitrite (ONOO-) release, an indication of eNOS coupling, was measured using porphyrinic nanosensors following calcium stimulation. Urban/fine PMs also modulated 9/12 and 13/36 proteins, respectively, linked to platelet and neutrophil degranulation pathways and caused > 50% (p < 0.001) decrease in the stimulated NO/ONOO- release ratio. EPA treatment altered expression of proteins involved in these inflammatory pathways, including a decrease in peroxiredoxin-5 and an increase in superoxide dismutase-1. EPA also increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), a cytoprotective protein, by 2.1-fold (p = 0.024). EPA reduced elevations in sICAM-1 levels by 22% (p < 0.01) and improved the NO/ONOO- release ratio by > 35% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These cellular changes may contribute to anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and lipid changes associated with EPA treatment during air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hazem Dawoud
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tadeusz Malinski
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - R Preston Mason
- Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Cascio WE, Ward-Caviness C. Another Call for RCTs of Interventions to Reduce Particulate Matter 2.5 Associated Cardiovascular Health Effects. JACC Adv 2023; 2:1-4. [PMID: 37475890 PMCID: PMC10355027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Cascio
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Sin DD, Doiron D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Halpin D, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Montes de Oca M, Papi A, Pavord I, Roche N, Singh D, Stockley R, Lopez Varlera MV, Wedzicha J, Vogelmeier C, Bourbeau J. Air pollution and COPD: GOLD 2023 committee report. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2202469. [PMID: 36958741 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02469-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of COPD worldwide. Indeed, most recent estimates suggest that 50% of the total attributable risk of COPD may be related to air pollution. In response, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Scientific Committee performed a comprehensive review on this topic, qualitatively synthesised the evidence to date and proffered recommendations to mitigate the risk. The review found that both gaseous and particulate components of air pollution are likely contributors to COPD. There are no absolutely safe levels of ambient air pollution and the relationship between air pollution levels and respiratory events is supra-linear. Wildfires and extreme weather events such as heat waves, which are becoming more common owing to climate change, are major threats to COPD patients and acutely increase their risk of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to air pollution also impairs lung growth in children and as such may lead to developmental COPD. GOLD recommends strong public health policies around the world to reduce ambient air pollution and for implementation of public warning systems and advisories, including where possible the use of personalised apps, to alert patients when ambient air pollution levels exceed acceptable minimal thresholds. When household particulate content exceeds acceptable thresholds, patients should consider using air cleaners and filters where feasible. Air pollution is a major health threat to patients living with COPD and actions are urgently required to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to poor air quality around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia Division of Respiratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dany Doiron
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Fernando J Martinez
- Weill Cornell Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Centro Médico de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ian Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Macchi C, Sirtori CR, Corsini A, Mannuccio Mannucci P, Ruscica M. Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis: A narrative review. Environ Int 2023; 175:107923. [PMID: 37119653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM2.5 that have been attributed to many direct or indirect effects comprising endothelial dysfunction, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of metalloproteases, all leading to unstable arterial plaques. Higher concentrations of air pollutants are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques and plaque ruptures witnessing coronary artery instability. Air pollution is often disregarded as a CVD risk factor, in spite of the fact that it is one of the main modifiable factors relevant for prevention and management of CVD. Thus, not only structural actions should be taken in order to mitigate emissions, but health professionals should also take care to counsel patients on the risks of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy.
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20
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Croft DP, Utell MJ, Rich DQ. Can Long-term Residential Air Cleaning Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:651-653. [PMID: 36470239 PMCID: PMC10037481 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2138ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Croft
- Department of Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
| | - Mark J Utell
- Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
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21
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Raju S, Woo H, Koehler K, Fawzy A, Liu C, Putcha N, Balasubramanian A, Peng RD, Lin CT, Lemoine C, Wineke J, Berger RD, Hansel NN, McCormack MC. Indoor Air Pollution and Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:721-730. [PMID: 36288428 PMCID: PMC10037475 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202203-0523oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Indoor air pollution represents a modifiable risk factor for respiratory morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effects of indoor air pollution, as well as the impact of interventions to improve indoor air quality, on cardiovascular morbidity in COPD remain unknown. Objectives: To determine the association between indoor particulate matter (PM) and heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic function tied to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as the impact of household air purifiers on HRV. Methods: Former smokers with moderate-severe COPD were recruited from a 6-month randomized controlled trial of a portable air cleaner intervention to undergo paired assessment of both in-home PM and HRV using 24-hour Holter monitoring at up to five time points. Primary outcomes were HRV measures tied to cardiovascular morbidity (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN] and root mean square of successive differences between normal-to-normal intervals [RMSSD]). Measurements and Results: Eighty-five participants contributed 317 HRV measurements. A twofold increase in household PM ⩽2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter was associated with decreases in SDNN (β, -2.98% [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.12 to -0.78]) and RMSSD (β, -4.57% [95% CI, -10.1 to -1.60]). The greatest effects were observed with ultrafine particles (<100 nm) (RMSSD; β, -16.4% [95% CI, -22.3 to -10.1]) and among obese participants. Participants randomized to the active air cleaner saw improvements in RMSSD (β, 25.2% [95% CI, 2.99 to 52.1]), but not SDNN (β, 2.65% [95% CI, -10.8 to 18.1]), compared with the placebo group. Conclusions: This is the first U.S. study to describe the association between household PM and cardiac autonomic function among individuals with COPD, as well as the potential cardiovascular health benefits of household air cleaners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering and
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger D. Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheng Ting Lin
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chantal Lemoine
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jennifer Wineke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Nadia N. Hansel
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering and
| | - Meredith C. McCormack
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering and
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22
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Zhou P, Ma J, Li X, Zhao Y, Yu K, Su R, Zhou R, Wang H, Wang G. The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices. BMC Med 2023; 21:83. [PMID: 36882820 PMCID: PMC9993685 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies on long-term air pollution exposure and sleep have reported inconsistent results. Large-scale studies on short-term air pollution exposures and sleep have not been conducted. We investigated the associations of long- and short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with sleep in a Chinese population based on over 1 million nights of sleep data from consumer wearable devices. Air pollution data including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were collected from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Short-term exposure was defined as a moving average of the exposure level for different lag days from Lag0 to Lag0-6. A 365-day moving average of air pollution was regarded as long-term exposure. Sleep data were recorded using wearable devices from 2017 to 2019. The mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the associations. We observed that sleep parameters were associated with long-term exposure to all air pollutants. Higher levels of air pollutant concentrations were associated with longer total sleep and light sleep duration, shorter deep sleep duration, and decreases in wake after sleep onset (WASO), with stronger associations of exposures to NO2 and CO [a 1-interquartile range (IQR) increased NO2 (10.3 μg/m3) was associated with 8.7 min (95% CI: 8.08 to 9.32) longer sleep duration, a 1-IQR increased CO (0.3 mg/m3) was associated with 5.0 min (95% CI: - 5.13 to - 4.89) shorter deep sleep duration, 7.7 min (95% CI: 7.46 to 7.85) longer light sleep duration, and 0.5% (95% CI: - 0.5 to - 0.4%) lower proportion of WASO duration to total sleep]. The cumulative effect of short-term exposure on Lag0-6 is similar to long-term exposure but relatively less. Subgroup analyses indicated generally greater effects on individuals who were female, younger (< 45 years), slept longer (≥ 7 h), and during cold seasons, but the pattern of effects was mixed. We supplemented two additional types of stratified analyses to reduce repeated measures of outcomes and exposures while accounting for individual variation. The results were consistent with the overall results, proving the robustness of the overall results. In summary, both short- and long-term exposure to air pollution affect sleep, and the effects are comparable. Although people tend to have prolonged total sleep duration with increasing air pollutant concentrations, their sleep quality might remain poor because of the reduction in deep sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peining Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kunyao Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Rui Su
- Zepp Health Corp., Hefei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Bigdata and Cloud Platform BU, Zepp Health Corp., Hefei, China
| | | | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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23
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment and prevention, stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is a critical need to identify novel modifiable risk factors for disease, including environmental agents. A body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that elevated levels of ambient air pollutants may not only trigger cerebrovascular events in susceptible people (short-term exposures) but also increase the risk of future events (long-term average exposures). This review assesses the updated evidence for both short and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution as a risk factor for stroke incidence and outcomes. It discusses the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and makes recommendations to mitigate exposure on a personal and community level. The evidence indicates that reduction in air pollutant concentrations represent a significant population-level opportunity to reduce risk of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (E.R.K.)
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K.)
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
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24
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Lv Y, Yang Z, Ye L, Jiang M, Zhou J, Guo Y, Qiu Y, Li X, Chen C, Ju A, Wang J, Li C, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Ji JS, Li T, Baccarelli AA, Gao X, Shi X. Long-term fine particular exposure and incidence of frailty in older adults: findings from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7036277. [PMID: 36794712 PMCID: PMC9933051 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between fine particular matter (PM2.5) and frailty is less studied, and the national burden of PM2.5-related frailty in China is unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between PM2.5 exposure and incident frailty in older adults, and estimate the corresponding disease burden. DESIGN Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2014. SETTING Twenty-three provinces in China. SUBJECTS A total of 25,047 participants aged ≥65-year-old. METHODS Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and frailty in older adults. A method adapted from the Global Burden of Disease Study was used to calculate the PM2.5-related frailty disease burden. RESULTS A total of 5,733 incidents of frailty were observed during 107,814.8 person-years follow-up. A 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 was associated with a 5.0% increase in the risk of frailty (Hazard Ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = [1.03-1.07]). Monotonic, but non-linear exposure-response, relationships of PM2.5 with risk of frailty were observed, and slopes were steeper at concentrations >50 μg/m³. Considering the interaction between population ageing and mitigation of PM2.5, the PM2.5-related frailty cases were almost unchanged in 2010, 2020 and 2030, with estimations of 664,097, 730,858 and 665,169, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This nation-wide prospective cohort study showed a positive association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and frailty incidence. The estimated disease burden indicated that implementing clean air actions may prevent frailty and substantially offset the burden of population ageing worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aipeng Ju
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Precision Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu Gao
- Author correspondence to: Xiaoming Shi, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing 100021, China. Tel: (+86) 1050930101; Fax: (+86) 1058900247.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Author correspondence to: Xiaoming Shi, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing 100021, China. Tel: (+86) 1050930101; Fax: (+86) 1058900247.
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25
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Handika RA, Phairuang W, Amin M, Yudison AP, Anggraini FJ, Hata M, Furuuchi M. Investigation of the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Ultrafine Particles (PM 0.1) during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Medium-Sized City in Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2947. [PMID: 36833643 PMCID: PMC9957305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The health risk of schoolchildren who were exposed to airborne fine and ultrafine particles (PM0.1) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jambi City (a medium-sized city in Sumatra Island), Indonesia was examined. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on schoolchildren from selected schools and involved information on personal profiles; living conditions; daily activities and health status. Size-segregated ambient particulate matter (PM) in school environments was collected over a period of 24 h on weekdays and the weekend. The personal exposure of PM of eight selected schoolchildren from five schools was evaluated for a 12-h period during the daytime using a personal air sampler for PM0.1 particles. The schoolchildren spent their time mostly indoors (~88%), while the remaining ~12% was spent in traveling and outdoor activities. The average exposure level was 1.5~7.6 times higher than the outdoor level and it was particularly high for the PM0.1 fraction (4.8~7.6 times). Cooking was shown to be a key parameter that explains such a large increase in the exposure level. The PM0.1 had the largest total respiratory deposition doses (RDDs), particularly during light exercise. The high level of PM0.1 exposure by indoor sources potentially associated with health risks was shown to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Andre Handika
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University, Jambi 36364, Indonesia
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Adyati Pradini Yudison
- Air and Waste Management Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Mitsuhiko Hata
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masami Furuuchi
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
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26
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Braunwald E. Air pollution: challenges and opportunities for cardiology. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1679-1681. [PMID: 36617273 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 7th floor, Boston MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Goldsborough E, Gopal M, McEvoy JW, Blumenthal RS, Jacobsen AP. Pollution and cardiovascular health: A contemporary review of morbidity and implications for planetary health. Am Heart J Plus 2023; 25:100231. [PMID: 38510496 PMCID: PMC10946040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Convincing data predict increased rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with current and projected pollution burden trends. Multiple classes of pollutants - including criteria air pollutants, secondhand smoke, toxic steel pollutants, and manufactured chemical pollutants - are associated with varied cardiovascular disease risk profiles. To reduce the future risk of cardiovascular disease from anthropogenic pollution, mitigation strategies, both at the individual level and population level, must be thoughtfully and intentionally employed. The literature supporting individual level interventions to protect against cardiovascular disease is growing but lacks large clinical trials. Population level interventions are crucial to larger societal change and rely upon policy and governmental support. While these mitigation strategies can play a major role in maintaining the health of individuals, planetary health - the impact on human health because of anthropogenic perturbation of natural ecosystems - must also be acknowledged. Future research is needed to further delineate the planetary health implications of current and projected pollutant burden as well as the mitigation strategies employed to attenuate future pollutant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medha Gopal
- Saint George's University School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada
| | - John William McEvoy
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan P. Jacobsen
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Shi S, Wang W, Li X, Hang Y, Lei J, Kan H, Meng X. Optimizing modeling windows to better capture the long-term variation of PM 2.5 concentrations in China during 2005-2019. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158624. [PMID: 36089041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Including data of different time intervals during model development influences the predicting accuracy of PM2.5 but has not been widely discussed. Therefore, we included modeling data with multiple time windows to identify optimized modeling time windows for capturing the long-term variation of PM2.5 in China during 2005-2019. In general, we incorporated PM2.5 measurements, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological parameters, land use data, and other predictors to train random forest models. The study period was separated into two phases (2013-2019 and 2005-2012) according to the availability of PM2.5 measurements. First, we trained models with two strategies of choosing time windows to compare model performance in predicting PM2.5 from 2013 to 2019, when measurements were available. Strategy 1a (ST1a) refers to training one model with all available data, and Strategy 1b (ST1b) refers to training multiple models each with one-year data. Second, we trained models with additional ten strategies (ST2a-ST2j) based on data from different time windows during 2013-2019 to compare the accuracy in predicting PM2.5 before 2013, when measurements were unavailable. The internal and external cross-validation (CV) indicated that the model performance of ST1b was better than ST1a. Predictions based on ST1a tended to underestimate PM2.5 levels in 2013 and 2014 when PM2.5 concentrations were high, and overestimate after 2017 when PM2.5 dropped dramatically. The external CV of predicting historical PM2.5 was the most robust in ST2i (averaged predictions from two models developed by 2013 and 2014 data, respectively). Models with data closer to historical years and PM2.5 levels performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 concentrations. Our results suggested that training models with data of current-years performed better during 2013-2019, and with data of 2013 and 2014 performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 before 2013 in China. The comparison provided evidence for choosing optimized time windows when predicting long-term PM2.5 concentrations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Hang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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29
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Haddad P, Kutlar Joss M, Weuve J, Vienneau D, Atkinson R, Brook J, Chang H, Forastiere F, Hoek G, Kappeler R, Lurmann F, Sagiv S, Samoli E, Smargiassi A, Szpiro A, Patton AP, Boogaard H, Hoffmann B. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114079. [PMID: 36446272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke remains the second cause of death worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the adverse association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with overall cardiovascular disease may also apply to stroke. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of long-term exposure to TRAP with stroke. METHODS PubMed and LUDOK electronic databases were searched systematically for observational epidemiological studies from 1980 through 2019 on long-term exposure to TRAP and stroke with an update in January 2022. TRAP was defined according to a comprehensive protocol based on pollutant and exposure assessment methods or proximity metrics. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB) and confidence assessments were conducted according to standardized protocols. We performed meta-analyses using random effects models; sensitivity analyses were assessed by geographic area, RoB, fatality, traffic specificity and new studies. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. The meta-analytic relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) were: 1.03 (0.98-1.09) per 1 μg/m3 EC, 1.09 (0.96-1.23) per 10 μg/m3 PM10, 1.08 (0.89-1.32) per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5, 0.98 (0.92; 1.05) per 10 μg/m3 NO2 and 0.99 (0.94; 1.04) per 20 μg/m3 NOx with little to moderate heterogeneity based on 6, 5, 4, 7 and 8 studies, respectively. The confidence assessments regarding the quality of the body of evidence and separately regarding the presence of an association of TRAP with stroke considering all available evidence were rated low and moderate, respectively. CONCLUSION The available literature provides low to moderate evidence for an association of TRAP with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haddad
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - M Kutlar Joss
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - D Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Atkinson
- Epidemiology, Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - J Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - F Forastiere
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Level 2, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc, 1450 N McDowell Blvd #200, Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA
| | - S Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - E Samoli
- Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athina, 115 27, Greece
| | - A Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Park Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Hans Rosling Center for Population Health, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA, 98195-1617, USA
| | - A P Patton
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal suite UNIT 1400, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - H Boogaard
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal suite UNIT 1400, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xu R, Li S, Wu Y, Yue X, Wong EM, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Abramson MJ, Li S, Guo Y. Wildfire-related PM 2.5 and DNA methylation: An Australian twin and family study. Environ Int 2023; 171:107704. [PMID: 36542997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has many adverse health impacts, but its impacts on human epigenome are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and blood DNA methylation, and whether the associations differ from those with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. METHODS We studied 479 Australian women comprising 132 twin pairs and 215 of their sisters. Blood-derived DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Data on 3-year (year of blood collection and previous two years) average wildfire-related and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 at 0.01°×0.01° spatial resolution were created by combining information from satellite observations, chemical transport models, and ground-based observations. Exposure data were linked to each participant's home address, assuming the address did not change during the exposure window. For DNA methylation of each cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG), and for global DNA methylation represented by the average of all measured CpGs or CpGs in repetitive elements, we evaluated their associations with wildfire- or non-wildfire-related PM2.5 using a within-sibship analysis controlling for factors shared between siblings and other important covariates. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were defined by comb-p and DMRcate. RESULTS The 3-year average wildfire-related PM2.5 (range: 0.3 to 7.6 µg/m3, mean: 1.6 µg/m3) was negatively, but not significantly (p-values greater than 0.05) associated with all seven global DNA methylation measures. There were 26 CpGs and 33 DMRs associated with wildfire-related PM2.5 (Bonferroni adjusted p-value < 0.05) mapped to 47 genes enriched for pathways related to inflammatory regulation and platelet activation. These genes have been related to many human diseases or phenotypes e.g., cancer, mental disorders, diabetes, obesity, asthma, blood pressure. These CpGs, DMRs and enriched pathways did not overlap with the 1 CpG and 7 DMRs associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 was associated with various blood DNA methylation signatures in Australian women, and these were distinct from those associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shuai Li
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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BAÑERAS J, IGLESIES-GRAU J, TÉLLEZ-PLAZA M, ARRARTE V, BÁEZ-FERRER N, BENITO B, CAMPUZANO RUIZ R, CECCONI A, DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ A, RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS A, UJUETA F, VOZZI C, LAMAS GA, NAVAS-ACIÉN A. [Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 36570815 PMCID: PMC9785336 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi BAÑERAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Josep IGLESIES-GRAU
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canadá
| | - María TÉLLEZ-PLAZA
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente ARRARTE
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, España
| | - Néstor BÁEZ-FERRER
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Begoña BENITO
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Raquel CAMPUZANO RUIZ
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto CECCONI
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Antonio RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Francisco UJUETA
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Carlos VOZZI
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A. LAMAS
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Ana NAVAS-ACIÉN
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
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Biondi-Zoccai G, Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Mercade JM, Dawidowski L, Seropian IM, Cohen F, Sturmer-Ramos C, Descalzo A, Rubilar B, Sztejfman M, Zaidel E, Pazos C, Leguizamon J, Cafaro G, Visconti M, Baglioni P, Noya A, Fontana L, Rodriguez-Granillo M, Pavlovsky H, Alvarez JA, Lylyk P, Versaci F, Abrutzky R. Interplay between climate, pollution and COVID-19 on ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a large metropolitan region. Minerva Med 2022; 113:950-958. [PMID: 34309338 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collective risk factors such as climate and pollution impact on the risk of acute cardiovascular events, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is limited data however on the precise temporal and independent association between these factors and STEMI, and the potentially interacting role of government policies against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially for Latin America. METHODS We retrospectively collected aggregate data on daily STEMI admissions at 10 tertiary care centers in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, Argentina, from January 1, 2017 to November 30, 2020. Daily measurements for temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and rainfall, as well as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter <10 µm (PM10), were retrieved. Exploratory analyses focused on key COVID-19-related periods (e.g. first case, first lockdown), and Stringency Index quantifying the intensity of government policy response against COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 1498 STEMI occurred over 1430 days, for an average of 0.12 STEMI per center (decreasing from 0.130 in 2018 to 0.102 in 2020, P=0.016). Time series analysis showed that lower temperature and higher concentration of CO and PM10 were all significantly associated with an increased rate of STEMI (all P<0.05), whereas COVID-19 outbreak, lockdown, and stringency of government policies were all inversely associated with STEMI (all P<0.05). Notably, environmental features impacted as early as 28 days before the event (all P<0.05), even if same or prior day associations proved stronger (all P<0.05). Multivariable analysis suggested that maximum temperature (P=0.001) and PM10 (P=0.033) were the strongest predictor of STEMI, even after accounting for COVID-19-related countermeasures (P=0.043). CONCLUSIONS Lower temperature and higher concentrations of CO and PM10 are associated with significant increases in the rate of STEMI in a large Latin American metropolitan area. The reduction in STEMI cases seen during the COVID-19 pandemic is at least in part mediated by improvements in pollution, especially reductions in PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy - .,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy -
| | - Gaston A Rodriguez-Granillo
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, ENERI Medical Institute, La Sagrada Familia Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Mercade
- Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental (APRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Dawidowski
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Seropian
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Buenos Aires Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Cohen
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Buenos Aires Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Amalia Descalzo
- Department of Interventional Cardiology ENERI Medical Institute, La Sagrada Familia Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Rubilar
- Department of Interventional Cardiology ENERI Medical Institute, La Sagrada Familia Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Sztejfman
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Guemes Sanatorium, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Zaidel
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Guemes Sanatorium, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Pazos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Santa Isabel Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Leguizamon
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Santa Isabel Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German Cafaro
- Service of Interventional Cardiology, Diagnóstico Mediter-Sanatorio Dr Julio Méndez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Visconti
- Service of Interventional Cardiology, Diagnóstico Mediter-Sanatorio Dr Julio Méndez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Baglioni
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Noya
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, ENERI Medical Institute, La Sagrada Familia Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Hernan Pavlovsky
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Otamendi Sanatorium, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose A Alvarez
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Interventional Cardiology, German Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Lylyk
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, ENERI Medical Institute, La Sagrada Familia Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Unit of Hemodynamics and Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Rosana Abrutzky
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Social Sciences, Gino Germani Investigation Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jacobsen AP, Khiew YC, Duffy E, O'Connell J, Brown E, Auwaerter PG, Blumenthal RS, Schwartz BS, McEvoy JW. Climate change and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100391. [PMID: 36164332 PMCID: PMC9508346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a worsening global crisis that will continue negatively impacting population health and well-being unless adaptation and mitigation interventions are rapidly implemented. Climate change-related cardiovascular disease is mediated by air pollution, increased ambient temperatures, vector-borne disease and mental health disorders. Climate change-related cardiovascular disease can be modulated by climate change adaptation; however, this process could result in significant health inequity because persons and populations of lower socioeconomic status have fewer adaptation options. Clear scientific evidence for climate change and its impact on human health have not yet resulted in the national and international impetus and policies necessary to slow climate change. As respected members of society who regularly communicate scientific evidence to patients, clinicians are well-positioned to advocate on the importance of addressing climate change. This narrative review summarizes the links between climate change and cardiovascular health, proposes actionable items clinicians and other healthcare providers can execute both in their personal life and as an advocate of climate policies, and encourages communication of the health impacts of climate change when counseling patients. Our aim is to inspire the reader to invest more time in communicating the most crucial public health issue of the 21st century to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P. Jacobsen
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yii Chun Khiew
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eamon Duffy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - James O'Connell
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Evans Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul G. Auwaerter
- Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian S. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John William McEvoy
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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34
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Bañeras J, Iglesies-Grau J, Téllez-Plaza M, Arrarte V, Báez-Ferrer N, Benito B, Campuzano Ruiz R, Cecconi A, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Ujueta F, Vozzi C, Lamas GA, Navas-Acién A. Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 35931285 PMCID: PMC10266758 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bañeras
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Josep Iglesies-Grau
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - María Téllez-Plaza
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Arrarte
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Néstor Báez-Ferrer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Raquel Campuzano Ruiz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cecconi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Carlos Vozzi
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Ana Navas-Acién
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, United States.
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Lamas GA, Anstrom KJ, Navas-Acien A, Boineau R, Kim H, Rosenberg Y, Stylianou M, Jones TLZ, Joubert BR, Santella RM, Escolar E, Aude YW, Fonseca V, Elliott T, Lewis EF, Farkouh ME, Nathan DM, Mon AC, Gosnell L, Newman JD, Mark DB. The trial to assess chelation therapy 2 (TACT2): Rationale and design. Am Heart J 2022; 252:1-11. [PMID: 35598636 PMCID: PMC9434822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous edetate disodium-based infusions reduced cardiovascular events in a prior clinical trial. The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy 2 (TACT2) will replicate the initial study design. METHODS TACT2 is an NIH-sponsored, randomized, 2x2 factorial, double masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial testing 40 weekly infusions of a multi-component edetate disodium (disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, or Na2EDTA)-based chelation solution and twice daily oral, high-dose multivitamin and mineral supplements in patients with diabetes and a prior myocardial infarction (MI). TACT2 completed enrollment of 1000 subjects in December 2020, and infusions in December 2021. Subjects are followed for 2.5 to 5 years. The primary endpoint is time to first occurrence of all-cause mortality, MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina. The trial has >;85% power to detect a 30% relative reduction in the primary endpoint. TACT2 also includes a Trace Metals and Biorepository Core Lab, to test whether benefits of treatment, if present, are due to chelation of lead and cadmium from patients. Design features of TACT2 were chosen to replicate selected features of the first TACT, which demonstrated a significant reduction in cardiovascular outcomes in the EDTA chelation arm compared with placebo among patients with a prior MI, with the largest effect in patients with diabetes. RESULTS Results are expected in 2024. CONCLUSION TACT2 may provide definitive evidence of the benefit of edetate disodiumbased chelation on cardiovascular outcomes, as well as the clinical importance of longitudinal changes in toxic metal levels of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Kevin J Anstrom
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin Boineau
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hwasoon Kim
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yves Rosenberg
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Stylianou
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa L Z Jones
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esteban Escolar
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Y Wady Aude
- Heart and Vascular Specialists of South Texas, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Eldrin F Lewis
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - David M Nathan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Mon
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Leigh Gosnell
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Daniel B Mark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Wildfire smoke is a rapidly growing threat to global cardiovascular health. We review the literature linking wildfire smoke exposures to cardiovascular effects. We find substantial evidence that short-term exposures are associated with key cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization, and acute coronary syndrome. Wildfire smoke exposures will continue to increase over the majority of Earth's surface. For example, the United States alone has experienced a 5-fold increase in annual area burned since 1972, with 82 million individuals estimated to be exposed to wildfire smoke by midcentury. The associated rise in excess morbidity and mortality constitutes a growing global public health crisis. Fortunately, the effect of wildfire smoke on cardiovascular health is modifiable at the individual and population levels through specific interventions. Health systems therefore have an opportunity to help safeguard patients from smoke exposures. We provide a roadmap of evidence-based interventions to reduce risk and protect cardiovascular health. Key interventions include preparing health systems for smoke events; identifying and educating vulnerable patients; reducing outdoor activities; creating cleaner air environments; using air filtration devices and personal respirators; and aggressive management of chronic diseases and traditional risk factors. Further research is needed to test the efficacy of interventions on reducing cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah B Henderson
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.H.).,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.H., M.B.)
| | - Michael Brauer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.H., M.B.).,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (M.B.)
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Yan L, Chen S, Hou C, Lin J, Xiong W, Shen Y, Zhou T. Multi-omics analysis unravels dysregulated lysosomal function and lipid metabolism involved in sub-chronic particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155642. [PMID: 35525343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a huge environmental threat and is of major public concern. Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are known factors that contribute to PM- related damage; however, a systematic understanding of the deleterious pulmonary effects of PM using multi-omics analysis is lacking. In this study, we performed transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses in a mouse model exposed to PM for three months to identify molecular changes in lung tissues. We identified 1690 genes, 326 proteins, and 67 metabolites exhibiting significant differences between PM-challenged and control mice (p < 0.05). Differentially expressed genes and proteins regulated in PM-challenged mice were involved in lipid metabolism and in the immune and inflammatory response processes. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of transcript, protein, and metabolite datasets revealed that the genes, proteins, and metabolites in the PM-treated group were involved in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism. Specifically, Cathepsin D (Ctsd), Ferritin light chain (Ftl), Lactotransferrin (Ltf), Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), and Prosaposin (Psap) were major proteins/genes associated with PM-induced pulmonary damage, while two lipid molecules PC (18:1(11Z)/16:0) and PA (16:0/18:1(11Z)) were major metabolites related to PM-induced pulmonary injury. In summary, lipid metabolism might be used as successful precautions and therapeutic targets in PM-induced pulmonary injury to maintain the stability of cellular lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shangheng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenchen Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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38
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Qu S, Deng S, Yang T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Chen L, Li Y. Shengmai Yin alleviated plaque vulnerability and ischemic myocardial damage in diesel exhaust particle-aggravated atherosclerosis with myocardial ischemia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 234:113379. [PMID: 35278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, especially heart attacks and ischemic/thrombotic strokes. Shengmai Yin (SMY) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the protective role of SMY and the mechanism by which SMY affects DEP-induced cardiovascular injury. This study is expected to provide the basis for the development of an adaptive signature of SMY in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and premature death from global air pollution exposure. We developed animal models of myocardial ischemia and atherosclerosis (AS) in response to DEP exposure. After SMY treatment, serum lipids returned to normal. Aortic plaque area and MMP9 expression were significantly reduced and collagen fiber expression increased after SMY treatment compared to DEP exposure alone. Thus, the risk of plaque formation and vulnerability is reduced. In addition, SMY improved left ventricular structure, morphology, function, blood flow, infarct area, myocardial damage, and ROS accumulation to varying degrees in ApoE-/- mice. These results indicate that the use of SMY is effective, to varying degrees, for the treatment of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice. SMY has a potential protective effect in DEP-aggravated AS in people with myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Qu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuoqiu Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Versaci F, Anticoli S, Pezzella FR, Mangiardi M, DI Giosa A, Marchegiani G, Calcagno S, DI Pietro R, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Perrotta A, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, Roever L, Antonazzo B, Ronzoni S, Versaci B, Biondi-Zoccai G. Impact of weather and pollution on the rate of cerebrovascular events in a large metropolitan area. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:17-23. [PMID: 35330556 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite mounting evidence, there is uncertainty on the impact of the interplay between weather and pollution features on the risk of acute cerebrovascular events (CVE). We aimed at appraising role of weather and pollution on the daily risk of CVE. METHODS Anonymized data from a hub CVE center in a large metropolitan area were collected and analyzed according to weather (temperature, pressure, humidity, and rainfall) and pollution (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], nitrogen oxides [NOX], ozone [O3], and particulate matter [PM]) on the same and the preceding days. Poisson regression and time series analyses were used to appraise the association between environmental features and daily CVE, distinguishing also several subtypes of events. RESULTS We included a total of 2534 days, with 1363 days having ≥1 CVE, from 2012 to 2017. Average daily rate was 1.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.49; 1.63) for CVE, with other event rates ranging between 1.42 for stroke and 0.01 for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Significant associations were found between CVE and temperature, pressure, CO, NO2, NOX, O3, and PM <10 µm (all P<0.05), whereas less stringent associations were found for humidity, rainfall, and PM <2.5 µm. Time series analysis exploring lag suggested that associations were stronger at same-day analysis (lag 0), but even environmental features predating several days or weeks were significantly associated with events. Multivariable analysis suggested that CO (point estimate 1.362 [1.011; 1.836], P=0.042) and NO2 (1.011 [1.005; 1.016], P<0.001) were the strongest independent predictors of CVE. CONCLUSIONS Environmental features are significantly associated with CVE, even several days before the actual event. Levels of CO and NO2 can be potentially leveraged for population-level interventions to reduce the burden of CVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versaci
- Unit of UTIC, Hemodynamics and Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Calcagno
- Division of Cardiology, San Paolo Hospital, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo DI Pietro
- Unit of UTIC, Hemodynamics and Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Internal Anestesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy - .,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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40
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Wang T, Xu H, Zhu Y, Sun X, Chen J, Liu B, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Liu L, Fang J, Xie Y, Liu S, Wu R, Song X, He B, Huang W. Traffic-related air pollution associated pulmonary pathophysiologic changes and cardiac injury in elderly patients with COPD. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127463. [PMID: 34687998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has shown enormous environmental toxicity, but its cardiorespiratory health impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been less studied. We followed a panel of 45 COPD patients with 4 repeated clinical visits across 14 months in a traffic-predominated urban area of Beijing, China, with concurrent measurements of TRAP metrics (fine particulate matter, black carbon, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide). Linear mixed-effect models were performed to evaluate the associations and potential pathways linking traffic pollution to indicators of spirometry, cardiac injury, inflammation and oxidative stress. We observed that interquartile range increases in moving averages of TRAP exposures at prior up to 7 days were associated with significant reductions in large and small airway functions, namely decreases in forced vital capacity of 3.1-9.3% and forced expiratory flow 25-75% of 5.9-16.4%. Higher TRAP levels were also associated with worsening of biomarkers relevant to lung injury (hepatocyte growth factor and surfactant protein D) and cardiac injury (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide and soluble ST2), as well as enhanced airway/systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Mediation analyses showed that TRAP exposures may prompt cardiac injury, possibly via worsening pulmonary pathophysiology. These findings highlight the importance of traffic pollution control priority in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Division of Respiration, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Beibei Liu
- Division of Respiration, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei He
- Division of Respiration, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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41
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Wang Y, Xiong L, Huang X, Ma Y, Zou L, Liang Y, Xie W, Wu Y, Chang X, Wang Z, Tang M. Intermittent exposure to airborne particulate matter induces subcellular dysfunction and aortic cell damage in BALB/c mice through multi-endpoint assessment at environmentally relevant concentrations. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127169. [PMID: 34592597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially at realistic exposure levels. In this study, both male and female BALB/c mice were employed to assess vascular homeostasis following a standard urban particulate matter, PM SRM1648a, via oropharyngeal aspiration at three environmentally relevant concentrations. The tested indicators included histopathological observation and lipid deposition, as well as redox biology and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, endothelial monolayer, vascular cell apoptosis and subcellular function were assessed to decipher whether episodic PM SRM1648a exposure leads to vascular damage after multiple periods of treatment, including subacute (4 weeks) and subchronic (8 weeks) durations. As a result, PM aspiration caused thickening of airways, leukocytes infiltration and adhesion to alveoli, with the spot of particles engulfed by pulmonary macrophages. Meanwhile, it induced local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, but limited pathological changes were captured throughout aortic tissues after either subacute or subchronic treatment. Furthermore, even in the absence of aortic impairment, vascular cell equilibrium has been disturbed by the characteristics of endothelial monolayer disintegration and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, PM SRM1648a activated molecular markers of ER stress (BIP) and mitochondrial dynamics (DRP1) at both transcriptional and translational levels, which were strongly correlated to ox-inflammation and could serve as early checkpoints of hazardous events. In summary, our data basically indicate that episodic exposure of BALB/c mice to PM SRM1648a exerts limited effects on vascular histopathological alterations, but induces vascular cell apoptosis and subcellular dysfunction, to which local and systemic redox biology and inflammation are probably correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Lingyue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoru Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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42
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Calderón-garcidueñas L, Pérez-calatayud ÁA, González-maciel A, Reynoso-robles R, Silva-pereyra HG, Ramos-morales A, Torres-jardón R, Soberanes-cerino CDJ, Carrillo-esper R, Briones-garduño JC, Conde-gutiérrez YDS. Environmental Nanoparticles Reach Human Fetal Brains. Biomedicines 2022; 10:410. [PMID: 35203619 PMCID: PMC8962421 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial and natural nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous. Normal term, preeclamptic, and postconceptional weeks(PCW) 8–15 human placentas and brains from polluted Mexican cities were analyzed by TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We documented NPs in maternal erythrocytes, early syncytiotrophoblast, Hofbauer cells, and fetal endothelium (ECs). Fetal ECs exhibited caveolar NP activity and widespread erythroblast contact. Brain ECs displayed micropodial extensions reaching luminal NP-loaded erythroblasts. Neurons and primitive glia displayed nuclear, organelle, and cytoplasmic NPs in both singles and conglomerates. Nanoscale Fe, Ti, and Al alloys, Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si were detected in placentas and fetal brains. Preeclamptic fetal blood NP vesicles are prospective neonate UFPM exposure biomarkers. NPs are reaching brain tissues at the early developmental PCW 8–15 stage, and NPs in maternal and fetal placental tissue compartments strongly suggests the placental barrier is not limiting the access of environmental NPs. Erythroblasts are the main early NP carriers to fetal tissues. The passage of UFPM/NPs from mothers to fetuses is documented and fingerprinting placental single particle composition could be useful for postnatal risk assessments. Fetal brain combustion and industrial NPs raise medical concerns about prenatal and postnatal health, including neurological and neurodegenerative lifelong consequences.
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43
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Zhang W, Liu J, Hu D, Li L, Cui L, Xu J, Wang W, Deng F, Guo X. Joint effect of multiple air pollutants on lipid profiles in obese and normal-weight young adults: The key role of ozone. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118247. [PMID: 34624398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia may be a potential mechanism linking air pollution to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and this may differ among obese and normal-weight populations. However, the joint effect of multiple air pollutants on lipid profiles and the role of each pollutant are still unclear. This panel study aims to investigate and compare the overall associations of major air pollutants with lipid parameters in obese and normal-weight adults, and assess the relative importance of each pollutant for lipid parameters. Forty-four obese and 53 normal-weight young adults were recruited from December 2017 to June 2018 in Beijing, China. Their fasting blood was collected and serum lipid levels were measured in three visits. Six major air pollutants were included in this study, which were PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and CO. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was implemented to estimate the joint effect of the six air pollutants on various lipid parameters. We found that decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the obese group and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-C in the normal-weight group were associated with the exposure to the mixture of six air pollutants above. Significant increases in total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C were observed in both groups, and the effect was stronger in obese group. Of the six air pollutants above, O3 had the largest posterior inclusion probability in above lipid indices, ranging from 0.75 to 1.00. In the obese group, approximately linear exposure-response relationships were observed over the whole range of logarithmic O3-8 h max concentration, while in the normal-weight group, these relationships existed when the logarithmic concentration exceeded about 2.8. Therefore, lipid profiles of obese adults may be more sensitive to air pollution and this study highlights the importance of strengthening emissions control efforts for O3 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dayu Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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44
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Xu R, Gao CX, Dimitriadis C, Smith CL, Carroll MTC, Ikin JF, Johnston FH, Sim MR, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Long-term impacts of coal mine fire-emitted PM2.5 on hospitalisation: a longitudinal analysis of the Hazelwood Health Study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:179-190. [PMID: 34871381 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the long-term health impacts of exposures to landscape fire smoke. We aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to coal mine fire-related particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) and hospitalisation in the 5 years following the 6-week Hazelwood coal mine fire in Australia in 2014. METHODS We surveyed 2725 residents (mean age: 58.3 years; 54.3% female) from an exposed and a comparison town. Individual PM2.5 exposures during the event were estimated using modelled PM2.5 concentrations related to the coal mine fire and self-reported location data. The individual exposure and survey data were linked with hospitalisation records between January 2009 and February 2019. Recurrent event survival analysis was used to evaluate relationships between PM2.5 exposure and hospitalisation following mine fire, adjusting for important covariates. RESULTS Each 10-µg/m3 increase in mine fire-related PM2.5 was associated with a 9% increased hazard [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.17] of respiratory hospitalisation over the next 5 years, with stronger associations observed for females (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.27) than males (HR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.11). In particular, increased hazards were observed for hospitalisations for asthma (HR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.73) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.28). No such association was found for hospitalisations for cardiovascular diseases, mental illness, injuries, type 2 diabetes, renal diseases or neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS A 6-week exposure to coal mine fire-related PM2.5 was associated with increased hazard of respiratory hospitalisations over the following 5 years, particularly for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkview, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine L Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jillian F Ikin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (S.R.); and the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Boston (P.J.L.)
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (S.R.); and the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Boston (P.J.L.)
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Zhu Y, Song X, Wu R, Fang J, Liu L, Wang T, Liu S, Xu H, Huang W. A review on reducing indoor particulate matter concentrations from personal-level air filtration intervention under real-world exposure situations. Indoor Air 2021; 31:1707-1721. [PMID: 34374125 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving air quality in indoor environments where people live is of importance to protect human health. In this systematic review, we assessed the effectiveness of personal-level use of air filtration units in reducing indoor particulate matters (PM) concentrations under real-world situations following systematic review guidelines. A total of 54 articles were included in the review, in which 20 randomized controlled/crossover trials that reported the changes in indoor fine PM (PM2.5 ) concentrations were quantitatively assessed in meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for changes in indoor PM concentrations following air filtration interventions. Moderate-to-large reductions of 11%-82% in indoor PM2.5 concentrations were observed with SMD of -1.19 (95% CI: -1.50, -0.88). The reductions in indoor PM concentrations varied by geographical locations, filtration technology employed, indoor environmental characteristics, and air pollution sources. Most studies were graded with low-to-moderate risk of bias; however, the overall certainty of evidence for indoor PM concentration reductions was graded at very low level. Considering the effectiveness of indoor air filtration under practical uses, socio-economic disparities across study populations, and costs of air filter replacement over time, our results highlight the importance of reducing air pollution exposure at the sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Montone RA, Camilli M, Russo M, Termite C, La Vecchia G, Iannaccone G, Rinaldi R, Gurgoglione F, Del Buono MG, Sanna T, Trani C, Liuzzo G, Crea F, Niccoli G. Air Pollution and Coronary Plaque Vulnerability and Instability: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021:S1936-878X(21)00692-6. [PMID: 34656488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and mechanisms of coronary instability evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). BACKGROUND Air pollution is an emerging key player in determining the residual risk of coronary events. However, pathophysiological mechanisms linking air pollution and coronary events have been not adequately investigated. METHODS Patients with ACS undergoing OCT imaging were retrospectively selected. Mechanism of culprit lesion instability was classified as plaque rupture (PR) or intact fibrous cap (IFC) by OCT, and the presence of macrophage infiltrates (MØI) and thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) at the culprit site was also assessed. Based on each case's home address, exposure to several pollutants was evaluated, including particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM10, and carbon monoxide (CO). Only patients with >2 years of available data on air pollution exposure prior to ACS were enrolled. RESULTS We included 126 patients (median age: 67.0 years of age; interquartile range: 55.5-76.0; 97 male patients [77.0%]). Sixty-six patients (52.4%) had PR as the mechanism of plaque instability. Patients with PR were exposed to significantly higher PM2.5 levels than to IFC, and PM2.5 was independently associated with PR (odds ratio: 1.194; 95% CI: 1.036 to 1.377; P = 0.015). Moreover, exposure to higher levels of PM2.5 was independently associated with the presence of TCFA and of MØI at the culprit site. Interestingly, PM2.5, PM10, and Co levels were positively and significantly correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel insights into the missing link between air pollution and increased risk of coronary events. In particular, exposure to higher concentrations of air pollutants is associated with the presence of vulnerable plaque features and with plaque rupture as a mechanism of coronary instability. An enhanced systemic and plaque inflammatory activation may explain these findings.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review During the past century, exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has emerged as an all-pervading element of modern-day society. This increased exposure has come at the cost of heightened risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Not only can short-term PM2.5 exposure trigger acute CV events in susceptible individuals, but longer-term exposure over years augments CV risk to a greater extent in comparison with short-term exposure. The purpose of this review is to examine the available evidence for how ambient air pollution exposure may precipitate events at various time frames. Recent Findings Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and the presence and progression of atherosclerosis in humans. Multiple animal exposure experiments over two decades have provided strong corroborative evidence that chronic exposure in fact does enhance the progression and perhaps vulnerability characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions. Summary Evidence from epidemiological studies including surrogates of atherosclerosis, human translational studies, and mechanistic investigations utilizing animal studies have improved our understanding of how ambient air pollution may potentiate atherosclerosis and precipitate cardiovascular events. Even so, future research is needed to fully understand the contribution of different constituents in ambient air pollution–mediated atherosclerosis as well as how other systems may modulate the impact of exposure including adaptive immunity and the gut microbiome. Nevertheless, due to the billions of people continually exposed to PM2.5, the long-term pro-atherosclerotic effects of this ubiquitous air pollutant are likely to be of enormous and growing global public health importance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11883-021-00958-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Liang B, He X, Du X, Liu X, Ma C. Effect of Air Quality on the Risk of Emergency Room Visits in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:672745. [PMID: 34046441 PMCID: PMC8148017 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.672745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the effect of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and meteorological conditions on the risk of emergency room visits in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Beijing, which is considered as a monsoon climate region. Methods: In this case-crossover design study, medical records from patients with AF who visited the Critical Care Center in the Emergency Department of Anzhen Hospital from January 2011 through December 2014 and air quality and meteorological data of Beijing during the same period were collected and analyzed using Cox regression and time-series autocorrelation analyses. Results: A total of 8,241 patients were included. When the average PM2.5 concentration was >430 μg/m3, the risk of emergency room visits for patients with uncomplicated AF, AF combined with cardiac insufficiency, and AF combined with rheumatic heart disease increased by 12, 12, and 40%, respectively. When the average PM2.5 concentration was >420 μg/m3, patients with AF combined with diabetes mellitus had a 75% increased risk of emergency room visits, which was the largest increase in risk among all types of patients with AF. When the average PM2.5 concentration was >390 μg/m3, patients with AF combined with acute coronary syndrome had an approximately 30% increased risk of emergency room visits, which was the highest and fastest increase in risk among all types of patients with AF. The risk of emergency room visits for patients with AF was positively correlated with air quality as the time lag proceeded, with an autocorrelation coefficient of 0.223 between the risk of emergency room visits and air quality in patients with AF on day 6 of the time lag. Conclusion: Exposure to certain concentrations of PM2.5 in a monsoon climate region significantly increased the risk of emergency room visits in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaonan He
- Emergency Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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