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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400357. [PMID: 38695274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ-specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
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2
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Liu T, Gu J, Fu C, Su L. Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Intestinal Cell Culture: Fabrication, Utilization, and Prospects. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2024; 30:158-175. [PMID: 37646409 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a visceral organ that integrates absorption, metabolism, and immunity, which is vulnerable to external stimulus. Researchers in the fields such as food science, immunology, and pharmacology have committed to developing appropriate in vitro intestinal cell models to study the intestinal absorption and metabolism mechanisms of various nutrients and drugs, or pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. In the past three decades, the intestinal cell models have undergone a significant transformation from conventional two-dimensional cultures to three-dimensional (3D) systems, and the achievements of 3D cell culture have been greatly contributed by the fabrication of different scaffolds. In this review, we first introduce the developing trend of existing intestinal models. Then, four types of scaffolds, including Transwell, hydrogel, tubular scaffolds, and intestine-on-a-chip, are discussed for their 3D structure, composition, advantages, and limitations in the establishment of intestinal cell models. Excitingly, some of the in vitro intestinal cell models based on these scaffolds could successfully mimic the 3D structure, microenvironment, mechanical peristalsis, fluid system, signaling gradients, or other important aspects of the original human intestine. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of the intestinal cell models in drug screening, disease modeling, and even regenerative repair of intestinal tissues. This review presents an overview of state-of-the-art scaffold-based cell models within the context of intestines, and highlights their major advances and applications contributing to a better knowledge of intestinal diseases. Impact statement The intestine tract is crucial in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients and drugs, as well as immune responses against external pathogens or antigens in a complex microenvironment. The appropriate experimental cell model in vitro is needed for in-depth studies of intestines, due to the limitation of animal models in dynamic control and real-time assessment of key intestinal physiological and pathological processes, as well as the "R" principles in laboratory animal experiments. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based cell cultivation has become a developing tendency because of the superior cell proliferation and differentiation and more physiologically relevant environment supported by the customized 3D scaffolds. In this review, we summarize four types of up-to-date 3D cell culture scaffolds fabricated by various materials and techniques for a better recapitulation of some essential physiological and functional characteristics of original intestines compared to conventional cell models. These emerging 3D intestinal models have shown promising results in not only evaluating the pharmacokinetic characteristics, security, and effectiveness of drugs, but also studying the pathological mechanisms of intestinal diseases at cellular and molecular levels. Importantly, the weakness of the representative 3D models for intestines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Caili Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingshan Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Kim R, Sung JH. Recent Advances in Gut- and Gut-Organ-Axis-on-a-Chip Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302777. [PMID: 38243887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming the largest barrier against the outer environment. In addition, the gut actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with the gut microbes, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and other organs. These interactions influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic health and disease. Given its primary role in absorbing and metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest in the development of preclinical in vitro model systems that can accurately emulate the intestine in vivo. A gut-on-a-chip system holds great potential as a testing and screening platform because of its ability to emulate the physiological aspects of in vivo tissues and expandability to incorporate and combine with other organs. This review aims to identify the key physiological features of the human gut that need to be incorporated to build more accurate preclinical models and highlights the recent progress in gut-on-a-chip systems and competing technologies toward building more physiologically relevant preclinical model systems. Furthermore, various efforts to construct multi-organ systems with the gut, called gut-organ-axis-on-a-chip models, are discussed. In vitro gut models with physiological relevance can provide valuable platforms for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
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4
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Schumacher MA. The emerging roles of deep crypt secretory cells in colonic physiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G493-G500. [PMID: 37697924 PMCID: PMC10887841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells are a population of epithelial cells located at the colonic crypt base that share some similarities to Paneth and goblet cells. They were initially defined as c-Kit expressing cells, though subsequent work showed that they are more specifically marked by Reg4 in the murine colon. The best-understood function of DCS cells at present is supporting the stem cell niche by generating Notch and EGF ligands. However, as these cells also express immunoregulatory (e.g., Ccl6) and host defense (e.g., Retnlb) genes, it is likely they have additional functions in maintaining colonic health outside of maintenance of the stem niche. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic profiling hint at additional epithelial and immune roles that may exist for these cells and have aided in elucidating their developmental lineage. This review highlights the emerging evidence supporting a crucial role for DCS cells in intestinal physiology, the current understanding of how these cells are regulated, and their potential role(s) in colonic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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5
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Ghorbaninejad M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Baharvand H, Meyfour A. Intestinal organoids: A versatile platform for modeling gastrointestinal diseases and monitoring epigenetic alterations. Life Sci 2023; 319:121506. [PMID: 36858311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and tissue in vitro models, creating intestinal organoids has burgeoned as an ideal option to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the native intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can be developed from either tissue-resident adult stem cells (ADSs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in both forms induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells. Here, we review current advances in the development of intestinal organoids that have led to a better recapitulation of the complexity, physiology, morphology, function, and microenvironment of the intestine. We discuss current applications of intestinal organoids with an emphasis on disease modeling. In particular, we point out recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids. We also discuss the less explored application of intestinal organoids in epigenetics by highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications in intestinal development, homeostasis, and diseases, and subsequently the power of organoids in mirroring the regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in these conditions and introducing novel predictive/diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we propose 3D organoid models to evaluate the effects of novel epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) on the treatment of GI diseases where epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in disease development and progression, particularly in colorectal cancer treatment and epigenetically acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Calà G, Sina B, De Coppi P, Giobbe GG, Gerli MFM. Primary human organoids models: Current progress and key milestones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1058970. [PMID: 36959902 PMCID: PMC10029057 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1058970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 10 years the world has experienced enormous progress in the organoids field. Human organoids have shown huge potential to study organ development, homeostasis and to model diseases in vitro. The organoid technology has been widely and increasingly applied to generate patient-specific in vitro 3D cultures, starting from both primary and reprogrammed stem/progenitor cells. This has consequently fostered the development of innovative disease models and new regenerative therapies. Human primary, or adult stem/progenitor cell-derived, organoids can be derived from both healthy and pathological primary tissue samples spanning from fetal to adult age. The resulting 3D culture can be maintained for several months and even years, while retaining and resembling its original tissue's properties. As the potential of this technology expands, new approaches are emerging to further improve organoid applications in biology and medicine. This review discusses the main organs and tissues which, as of today, have been modelled in vitro using primary organoid culture systems. Moreover, we also discuss the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of primary human organoids in the fields of developmental biology, disease modelling, drug testing and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calà
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Sina
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe, ; Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli,
| | - Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe, ; Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli,
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7
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Ma M, Su J, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Ding G, Ma Z, Peppelenbosch MP. Association of body mass index and intestinal (faecal) Streptococcus in adults in Xining city, China P.R. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:465-472. [PMID: 36264094 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) and gut microbiota show significant interaction, but most studies on the relationship between BMI and gut microbiota have been done in Western countries. Relationships that are also identified in other cultural backgrounds are likely to have functional importance. Hence here we explore gut microbiota in adults living in Xining city (China P.R.) and relate results to subject BMI. Analysis of bacterial 16s rRNA gene was performed on faecal samples from participants with normal-weight (n=24), overweight (n=24), obesity (n=11) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n=8). The results show that unweighted but not weighted Unifrac distance was significantly different when gut microbiota composition was compared between the groups. Importantly, the genus Streptococcus was remarkably decreased in both obese subjects and subjects suffering from T2D, as compared to normal-weight subjects. Accordingly, strong association was identified between the genus Streptococcus and BMI and especially Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophiles was a major contributor in this respect. As previous studies have shown that Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophiles is also negatively associated with obesity in Western cohorts, our results suggest that this species is a potential probiotic for the prevention of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ma
- Department of endocrinology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province (Qinghai Tumor Hospital), Xining, China P.R
| | - J Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China P.R
| | - Y Wang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China P.R
| | - L Wang
- Department of endocrinology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province (Qinghai Tumor Hospital), Xining, China P.R
| | - Y Li
- Department of endocrinology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province (Qinghai Tumor Hospital), Xining, China P.R
| | - G Ding
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China P.R
| | - Z Ma
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China P.R
| | - M P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Kessler C, Hou J, Neo O, Buckner MMC. In situ, in vivo, and in vitro approaches for studying AMR plasmid conjugation in the gut microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 47:6807411. [PMID: 36341518 PMCID: PMC9841969 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, with evolution and spread of resistance to frontline antibiotics outpacing the development of novel treatments. The spread of AMR is perpetuated by transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between bacteria, notably those encoded by conjugative plasmids. The human gut microbiome is a known 'melting pot' for plasmid conjugation, with ARG transfer in this environment widely documented. There is a need to better understand the factors affecting the incidence of these transfer events, and to investigate methods of potentially counteracting the spread of ARGs. This review describes the use and potential of three approaches to studying conjugation in the human gut: observation of in situ events in hospitalized patients, modelling of the microbiome in vivo predominantly in rodent models, and the use of in vitro models of various complexities. Each has brought unique insights to our understanding of conjugation in the gut. The use and development of these systems, and combinations thereof, will be pivotal in better understanding the significance, prevalence, and manipulability of horizontal gene transfer in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kessler
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jingping Hou
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Onalenna Neo
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Corresponding author: Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)121 415 8758; E-mail:
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9
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Choo J, Glisovic N, Matic Vignjevic D. Gut homeostasis at a glance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:281168. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The intestine, a rapidly self-renewing organ, is part of the gastrointestinal system. Its major roles are to absorb food-derived nutrients and water, process waste and act as a barrier against potentially harmful substances. Here, we will give a brief overview of the primary functions of the intestine, its structure and the luminal gradients along its length. We will discuss the dynamics of the intestinal epithelium, its turnover, and the maintenance of homeostasis. Finally, we will focus on the characteristics and functions of intestinal mesenchymal and immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we aim to present the most recent information about gut cell biology and physiology, providing a resource for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Neda Glisovic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 , F-75005 Paris , France
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10
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Park SE, Kang S, Paek J, Georgescu A, Chang J, Yi AY, Wilkins BJ, Karakasheva TA, Hamilton KE, Huh DD. Geometric engineering of organoid culture for enhanced organogenesis in a dish. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1449-1460. [PMID: 36280722 PMCID: PMC10027401 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a facile, scalable engineering approach to enable long-term development and maturation of organoids. We have redesigned the configuration of conventional organoid culture to develop a platform that converts single injections of stem cell suspensions to radial arrays of organoids that can be maintained for extended periods without the need for passaging. Using this system, we demonstrate accelerated production of intestinal organoids with significantly enhanced structural and functional maturity, and their continuous development for over 4 weeks. Furthermore, we present a patient-derived organoid model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its interrogation using single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate its ability to reproduce key pathological features of IBD. Finally, we describe the extension of our approach to engineer vascularized, perfusable human enteroids, which can be used to model innate immune responses in IBD. This work provides an immediately deployable platform technology toward engineering more realistic organ-like structures in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Estelle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jungwook Paek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrei Georgescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vivodyne, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeehan Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Yoon Yi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Callaghan NI, Durland LJ, Ireland RG, Santerre JP, Simmons CA, Davenport Huyer L. Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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12
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Yang L, Hung LY, Zhu Y, Ding S, Margolis KG, Leong KW. Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9804014. [PMID: 35958108 PMCID: PMC9343081 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9804014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human health. Currently, however, a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking. To bridge the gap, the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of "material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health." By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials, gut-microbiome axis, neuroscience, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and biosensing in a dialogue, our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome. For this purpose, state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study, analysis, and manipulation of the gut microbiome, including intestinal organoids, gut-on-chip models, hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions, microbiome biosensors, and oral bacteria delivery systems. In addition, a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis. Lastly, perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research, as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation. In this way, we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Y. Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suwan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Engevik MA, Engevik AC. Myosins and membrane trafficking in intestinal brush border assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 77:102117. [PMID: 35870341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are a class of motors that participate in a wide variety of cellular functions including organelle transport, cell adhesion, endocytosis and exocytosis, movement of RNA, and cell motility. Among the emerging roles for myosins is regulation of the assembly, morphology, and function of actin protrusions such as microvilli. The intestine harbors an elaborate apical membrane composed of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli assembly and function are intricately tied to several myosins including Myosin 1a, non-muscle Myosin 2c, Myosin 5b, Myosin 6, and Myosin 7b. Here, we review the research progress made in our understanding of myosin mediated apical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina.
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14
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Humayun M, Ayuso JM, Park KY, Martorelli Di Genova B, Skala MC, Kerr SC, Knoll LJ, Beebe DJ. Innate immune cell response to host-parasite interaction in a human intestinal tissue microphysiological system. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm8012. [PMID: 35544643 PMCID: PMC9075809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites that infect humans are widespread and lead to varied clinical manifestations, including life-threatening illnesses in immunocompromised individuals. Animal models have provided insight into innate immunity against parasitic infections; however, species-specific differences and complexity of innate immune responses make translation to humans challenging. Thus, there is a need for in vitro systems that can elucidate mechanisms of immune control and parasite dissemination. We have developed a human microphysiological system of intestinal tissue to evaluate parasite-immune-specific interactions during infection, which integrates primary intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells to investigate the role of innate immune cells during epithelial infection by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, which affects billions of people worldwide. Our data indicate that epithelial infection by parasites stimulates a broad range of effector functions in neutrophils and natural killer cell-mediated cytokine production that play immunomodulatory roles, demonstrating the potential of our system for advancing the study of human-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jose M. Ayuso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keon Young Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura J. Knoll
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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De Gregorio V, Sgambato C, Urciuolo F, Vecchione R, Netti PA, Imparato G. Immunoresponsive microbiota-gut-on-chip reproduces barrier dysfunction, stromal reshaping and probiotics translocation under inflammation. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Xi W, Saleh J, Yamada A, Tomba C, Mercier B, Janel S, Dang T, Soleilhac M, Djemat A, Wu H, Romagnolo B, Lafont F, Mège RM, Chen Y, Delacour D. Modulation of designer biomimetic matrices for optimized differentiated intestinal epithelial cultures. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Lee-Thedieck C, Schertl P, Klein G. The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
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Clevenger AJ, Crawford LZ, Noltensmeyer D, Babaei H, Mabbott SB, Avazmohammadi R, Raghavan S. Rapid Prototypable Biomimetic Peristalsis Bioreactor Capable of Concurrent Shear and Multi-Axial Strain. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:96-110. [PMID: 35008089 PMCID: PMC9271135 DOI: 10.1159/000521752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peristalsis is a nuanced mechanical stimulus comprised of multi-axial strain (radial and axial strain) and shear stress. Forces associated with peristalsis regulate diverse biological functions including digestion, reproductive function, and urine dynamics. Given the central role peristalsis plays in physiology and pathophysiology, we were motivated to design a bioreactor capable of holistically mimicking peristalsis. We engineered a novel rotating screw-drive based design combined with a peristaltic pump, in order to deliver multi-axial strain and concurrent shear stress to a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane "wall." Radial indentation and rotation of the screw drive against the wall demonstrated multi-axial strain evaluated via finite element modeling. Experimental measurements of strain using piezoelectric strain resistors were in close alignment with model-predicted values (15.9 ± 4.2% vs. 15.2% predicted). Modeling of shear stress on the "wall" indicated a uniform velocity profile and a moderate shear stress of 0.4 Pa. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the PDMS "wall" and stimulated with peristalsis demonstrated dramatic changes in actin filament alignment, proliferation, and nuclear morphology compared to static controls, perfusion, or strain, indicating that hMSCs sensed and responded to peristalsis uniquely. Lastly, significant differences were observed in gene expression patterns of calponin, caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, and transgelin, corroborating the propensity of hMSCs toward myogenic differentiation in response to peristalsis. Collectively, our data suggest that the peristalsis bioreactor is capable of generating concurrent multi-axial strain and shear stress on a "wall." hMSCs experience peristalsis differently than perfusion or strain, resulting in changes in proliferation, actin fiber organization, smooth muscle actin expression, and genetic markers of differentiation. The peristalsis bioreactor device has broad utility in the study of development and disease in several organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan Z. Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
| | - Dillon Noltensmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
| | - Hamed Babaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
| | - Samuel B. Mabbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
- Center for Remote Health Technologies & Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX
| | - Reza Avazmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
- J. Mike Walker ‘66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston TX
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX
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Pérez-González C, Ceada G, Matejčić M, Trepat X. Digesting the mechanobiology of the intestinal epithelium. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 72:82-90. [PMID: 34902705 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The dizzying life of the homeostatic intestinal epithelium is governed by a complex interplay between fate, form, force and function. This interplay is beginning to be elucidated thanks to advances in intravital and ex vivo imaging, organoid culture, and biomechanical measurements. Recent discoveries have untangled the intricate organization of the forces that fold the monolayer into crypts and villi, compartmentalize cell types, direct cell migration, and regulate cell identity, proliferation and death. These findings revealed that the dynamic equilibrium of the healthy intestinal epithelium relies on its ability to precisely coordinate tractions and tensions in space and time. In this review, we discuss recent findings in intestinal mechanobiology, and highlight some of the many fascinating questions that remain to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Ceada
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Matejčić
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Mestril S, Kim R, Hinman SS, Gomez SM, Allbritton NL. Stem/Proliferative and Differentiated Cells within Primary Murine Colonic Epithelium Display Distinct Intracellular Free Ca 2+ Signal Codes. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101318. [PMID: 34510822 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger, intracellular free calcium (Ca2+ ), acts to transduce mitogenic and differentiation signals incoming to the colonic epithelium. A self-renewing monolayer of primary murine colonic epithelial cells is formed over a soft, transparent hydrogel matrix for the scalable analysis of intracellular Ca2+ transients. Cultures that are enriched for stem/proliferative cells exhibit repetitive, high frequency (≈25 peaks h-1 ), and short pulse width (≈25 s) Ca2+ transients. Upon cell differentiation the transient frequency declines by 50% and pulse width widens by 200%. Metabolites and growth factors that are known to modulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, including CHIR-99021, N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and butyrate, also modulate Ca2+ oscillation patterns in a consistent manner. Increasing the stiffness of the supportive matrix from 200 Pa to 3 GPa shifts Ca2+ transient patterns toward those resembling differentiated cells. The ability to monitor Ca2+ oscillations with the spatial and temporal resolution offered by this platform, combined with its amenability to high-content screens, provides a powerful tool for investigating real-time communication within a wide range of primary tissues in addition to the colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mestril
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Samuel S. Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Shawn M. Gomez
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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21
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Abstract
Organoids have been widely used in fundamental, biomimetic, and therapeutic studies. These multicellular systems form via cell-autonomous self-organization where a cohort of stem cells undergoes in vivo-like proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. They also recapitulate a series of physiological cell organization, complexity and functions that are untouchable by conventional bio-model systems using immortal cell lines. However, the development of organoids is often not easily controlled and their shape and size are yet fully physiological. Recent research has demonstrated that multiple bioengineering tools could be harnessed to control important internal and external cues that dictate stem cell behavior and stem-cell based organoid development. In this review, we introduce the current development of organoid systems and their potentials, as well as their limitations that impede their further utility in research and clinical fields. In comparison to conventional autonomous organoid system, we then review bioengineering approaches that offer improved control over organoid growth and development. We focus on the genetic editing tools that allow the program of build-in responses and phenotypes for organoid systems with enhanced physiological relevance. We also highlight the advances in bioengineering methods to modify cellular external milieus to generate desirable cell composition, 3D micro-architectures, and complex microfluidic systems. We conclude that the emerging biomimetic methods that employ multidisciplinary approaches could prevail in the future development of organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Saleh
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Mercier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Wang Xi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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22
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Hinman SS, Huling J, Wang Y, Wang H, Bretherton RC, DeForest CA, Allbritton NL. Magnetically-propelled fecal surrogates for modeling the impact of solid-induced shear forces on primary colonic epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121059. [PMID: 34412014 PMCID: PMC8405591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is continuously exposed to an array of biological and mechanical stimuli as its luminal contents are guided over the epithelial surface through regulated smooth muscle contraction. In this report, the propulsion of solid fecal contents over the colonic epithelium is recapitulated through noninvasive actuation of magnetic agarose hydrogels over primary intestinal epithelial cultures, in contrast to the vast majority of platforms that apply shear forces through liquid microflow. Software-controlled magnetic stepper motors enable experimental control over the frequency and velocity of these events to match in vivo propulsive contractions, while the integration of standardized well plate spacing facilitates rapid integration into existing assay pipelines. The application of these solid-induced shear forces did not deleteriously affect cell monolayer surface coverage, viability, or transepithelial electrical resistance unless the device parameters were raised to a 50× greater contraction frequency and 4× greater fecal velocity than those observed in healthy humans. At a frequency and velocity that is consistent with average human colonic motility, differentiation of the epithelial cells into absorptive and goblet cell phenotypes was not affected. Protein secretion was modulated with a two-fold increase in luminal mucin-2 secretion and a significant reduction in basal interleukin-8 secretion. F-actin, zonula occludens-1, and E-cadherin were each present in their proper basolateral locations, similar to those of static control cultures. While cellular height was unaffected by magnetic agarose propulsion, several alterations in lateral morphology were observed including decreased circularity and compactness, and an increase in major axis length, which align with surface epithelial cell morphologies observed in vivo and may represent early markers of luminal exfoliation. This platform will be of widespread utility for the investigation of fecal propulsive forces on intestinal physiology, shedding light on how the colonic epithelium responds to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Huling
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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23
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Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Moussa L, Lapière A, Squiban C, Demarquay C, Milliat F, Mathieu N. BMP Antagonists Secreted by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Colonic Organoid Formation: Application for the Treatment of Radiation-induced Injury. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720929683. [PMID: 33108903 PMCID: PMC7784604 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720929683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is crucial in the therapeutic arsenal to cure cancers; however, non-neoplastic tissues around an abdominopelvic tumor can be damaged by ionizing radiation. In particular, the radio-induced death of highly proliferative stem/progenitor cells of the colonic mucosa could induce severe ulcers. The importance of sequelae for patients with gastrointestinal complications after radiotherapy and the absence of satisfactory management has opened the field to the testing of innovative treatments. The aim of this study was to use adult epithelial cells from the colon, to reduce colonic injuries in an animal model reproducing radiation damage observed in patients. We demonstrated that transplanted in vitro-amplified epithelial cells from colonic organoids (ECO) of C57/Bl6 mice expressing green fluorescent protein implant, proliferate, and differentiate in irradiated mucosa and reduce ulcer size. To improve the therapeutic benefit of ECO-based treatment with clinical translatability, we performed co-injection of ECO with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cells involved in niche function and widely used in clinical trials. We observed in vivo an improvement of the therapeutic benefit and in vitro analysis highlighted that co-culture of MSCs with ECO increases the number, proliferation, and size of colonic organoids. We also demonstrated, using gene expression analysis and siRNA inhibition, the involvement of bone morphogenetic protein antagonists in MSC-induced organoid formation. This study provides evidence of the potential of ECO to limit late radiation effects on the colon and opens perspectives on combined strategies to improve their amplification abilities and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexia Lapière
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claire Squiban
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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25
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Agarwal T, Onesto V, Lamboni L, Ansari A, Maiti TK, Makvandi P, Vosough M, Yang G. Engineering biomimetic intestinal topological features in 3D tissue models: retrospects and prospects. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Creff J, Malaquin L, Besson A. In vitro models of intestinal epithelium: Toward bioengineered systems. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420985202. [PMID: 34104387 PMCID: PMC8164551 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium, the fastest renewing tissue in human, is a complex
tissue hosting multiple cell types with a dynamic and multiparametric
microenvironment, making it particularly challenging to recreate in
vitro. Convergence of recent advances in cellular biology and
microfabrication technologies have led to the development of various
bioengineered systems to model and study the intestinal epithelium. Theses
microfabricated in vitro models may constitute an alternative
to current approaches for studying the fundamental mechanisms governing
intestinal homeostasis and pathologies, as well as for in vitro
drug screening and testing. Herein, we review the recent advances in
bioengineered in vitro intestinal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France.,LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arnaud Besson
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France
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27
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Abstract
The human gut harbors an enormous number of symbiotic microbes, which is vital for human health. However, interactions within the complex microbiota community and between the microbiota and its host are challenging to elucidate, limiting development in the treatment for a variety of diseases associated with microbiota dysbiosis. Using in silico simulation methods based on flux balance analysis, those interactions can be better investigated. Flux balance analysis uses an annotated genome-scale reconstruction of a metabolic network to determine the distribution of metabolic fluxes that represent the complete metabolism of a bacterium in a certain metabolic environment such as the gut. Simulation of a set of bacterial species in a shared metabolic environment can enable the study of the effect of numerous perturbations, such as dietary changes or addition of a probiotic species in a personalized manner. This review aims to introduce to experimental biologists the possible applications of flux balance analysis in the host-microbiota interaction field and discusses its potential use to improve human health. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Jansma
- Host-Microbe metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-Microbe metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hinman SS, Wang Y, Kim R, Allbritton NL. In vitro generation of self-renewing human intestinal epithelia over planar and shaped collagen hydrogels. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:352-382. [PMID: 33299154 PMCID: PMC8420814 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The large intestine, with its array of crypts lining the epithelium and diverse luminal contents, regulates homeostasis throughout the body. In vitro crypts formed from primary human intestinal epithelial stem cells on a 3D shaped hydrogel scaffold replicate the functional and architectural features of in vivo crypts. Collagen scaffolding assembly methods are provided, along with the microfabrication and soft lithography protocols necessary to shape these hydrogels to match the dimensions and density of in vivo crypts. In addition, stem-cell scale-up protocols are provided so that even ultrasmall primary samples can be used as starting material. Initially, these cells are seeded as a proliferative monolayer over the shaped scaffold and cultured as stem/proliferative cells to expand them and cover the scaffold surface with the crypt-shaped structures. To convert these immature crypts into fully polarized, functional units with a basal stem cell niche and luminal differentiated cell zone, stable, linear gradients of growth factors are formed across the crypts. This platform supports the formation of chemical gradients across the crypts, including those of growth and differentiation factors, inflammatory compounds, bile and food metabolites and bacterial products. All microfabrication and device assembly steps are expected to take 8 d, with the primary cells cultured for 12 d to form mature in vitro crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Siwczak F, Loffet E, Kaminska M, Koceva H, Mahe MM, Mosig AS. Intestinal Stem Cell-on-Chip to Study Human Host-Microbiota Interaction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798552. [PMID: 34938299 PMCID: PMC8685395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is a tubular organ responsible for nutrient absorption and harbors our intestinal microbiome. This organ is composed of a multitude of specialized cell types arranged in complex barrier-forming crypts and villi covered by a mucosal layer controlling nutrient passage and protecting from invading pathogens. The development and self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium are guided by niche signals controlling the differentiation of specific cell types along the crypt-villus axis in the epithelium. The emergence of microphysiological systems, or organ-on-chips, has paved the way to study the intestinal epithelium within a dynamic and controlled environment. In this review, we describe the use of organ-on-chip technology to control and guide these differentiation processes in vitro. We further discuss current applications and forthcoming strategies to investigate the mechanical processes of intestinal stem cell differentiation, tissue formation, and the interaction of the intestine with the microbiota in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Siwczak
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care & Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elise Loffet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilda Kaminska
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care & Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hristina Koceva
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care & Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Maxime M. Mahe, ; Alexander S. Mosig,
| | - Alexander S. Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care & Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maxime M. Mahe, ; Alexander S. Mosig,
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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Abstract
The small intestine is a specialised organ, essential for nutrient digestion and absorption. It is lined with a complex epithelial cell layer. Intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as self-organising entities with distinct domains containing stem cells and differentiated cells. Recent developments in bioengineering provide new possibilities for directing the organisation of cells in vitro. In this Perspective, focusing on the small intestine, we discuss how studies at the interface between bioengineering and intestinal biology provide new insights into organ function. Specifically, we focus on engineered biomaterials, complex 3D structures resembling the intestinal architecture, and micro-physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antfolk
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nikolaev M, Mitrofanova O, Broguiere N, Geraldo S, Dutta D, Tabata Y, Elci B, Brandenberg N, Kolotuev I, Gjorevski N, Clevers H, Lutolf MP. Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis. Nature. 2020;585:574-578. [PMID: 32939089 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial organoids, such as those derived from stem cells of the intestine, have great potential for modelling tissue and disease biology1-4. However, the approaches that are used at present to derive these organoids in three-dimensional matrices5,6 result in stochastically developing tissues with a closed, cystic architecture that restricts lifespan and size, limits experimental manipulation and prohibits homeostasis. Here, by using tissue engineering and the intrinsic self-organization properties of cells, we induce intestinal stem cells to form tube-shaped epithelia with an accessible lumen and a similar spatial arrangement of crypt- and villus-like domains to that in vivo. When connected to an external pumping system, the mini-gut tubes are perfusable; this allows the continuous removal of dead cells to prolong tissue lifespan by several weeks, and also enables the tubes to be colonized with microorganisms for modelling host-microorganism interactions. The mini-intestines include rare, specialized cell types that are seldom found in conventional organoids. They retain key physiological hallmarks of the intestine and have a notable capacity to regenerate. Our concept for extrinsically guiding the self-organization of stem cells into functional organoids-on-a-chip is broadly applicable and will enable the attainment of more physiologically relevant organoid shapes, sizes and functions.
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Mendibil U, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Retegi-Carrion S, Garcia-Urquia N, Olalde-Graells B, Abarrategi A. Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5447. [PMID: 32751654 PMCID: PMC7432490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions, including specific functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of the ECM have been thoroughly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research, aiming to restore the function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Tissue decellularization is gaining momentum as a technique to obtain potentially implantable decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with well-preserved key components. Interestingly, the tissue-specific dECM is becoming a feasible option to carry out regenerative medicine research, with multiple advantages compared to other approaches. This review provides an overview of the most common methods used to obtain the dECM and summarizes the strategies adopted to decellularize specific tissues, aiming to provide a helpful guide for future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Mendibil
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Sugoi Retegi-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Nerea Garcia-Urquia
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde-Graells
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Li AP. In Vitro Human Cell–Based Experimental Models for the Evaluation of Enteric Metabolism and Drug Interaction Potential of Drugs and Natural Products. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:980-992. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Guenat OT, Geiser T, Berthiaume F. Clinically Relevant Tissue Scale Responses as New Readouts from Organs-on-a-Chip for Precision Medicine. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif) 2020; 13:111-133. [PMID: 31961712 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OOC) are widely seen as being the next generation in vitro models able to accurately recreate the biochemical-physical cues of the cellular microenvironment found in vivo. In addition, they make it possible to examine tissue-scale functional properties of multicellular systems dynamically and in a highly controlled manner. Here we summarize some of the most remarkable examples of OOC technology's ability to extract clinically relevant tissue-level information. The review is organized around the types of OOC outputs that can be measured from the cultured tissues and transferred to clinically meaningful information. First, the creation of functional tissues-on-chip is discussed, followed by the presentation of tissue-level readouts specific to OOC, such as morphological changes, vessel formation and function, tissue properties, and metabolic functions. In each case, the clinical relevance of the extracted information is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier T Guenat
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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36
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Hernandez-Gordillo V, Kassis T, Lampejo A, Choi G, Gamboa ME, Gnecco JS, Brown A, Breault DT, Carrier R, Griffith LG. Fully synthetic matrices for in vitro culture of primary human intestinal enteroids and endometrial organoids. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120125. [PMID: 32502894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial organoids derived from human donor tissues are important tools in fields ranging from regenerative medicine to drug discovery. Organoid culture requires expansion of stem/progenitor cells in Matrigel, a tumor-derived extracellular matrix (ECM). An alternative completely synthetic ECM could improve reproducibility, clarify mechanistic phenomena, and enable human implantation of organoids. We designed synthetic ECMs with tunable biomolecular and biophysical properties to identify gel compositions supporting human tissue-derived stem/progenitor epithelial cells as enteroids and organoids starting with single cells rather than tissue fragments. The synthetic ECMs consist of 8-arm PEG-macromers modified with ECM-binding peptides and different combinations of integrin-binding peptides, crosslinked with peptides susceptible to matrix metalloprotease (MMP) degradation, and tuned to exhibit a range of biophysical properties. A gel containing an α2β1 integrin-binding peptide (GFOGER) and matrix binder peptides grafted to a 20 kDa 8-arm PEG macromer showed the most robust support of human duodenal and colon enteroids and endometrial organoids. In this synthetic ECM, human intestinal enteroids and endometrial organoids emerge from single cells and show cell-specific and apicobasal polarity markers upon differentiation. Intestinal enteroids, in addition, retain their proliferative capacity, are functionally responsive to basolateral stimulation, express canonical markers of intestinal crypt cells including Paneth cells, and can be serially passaged. The success of this synthetic ECM in supporting human postnatal organoid culture from multiple different donors and from both the intestine and endometrium suggests it may be broadly useful for other epithelial organoid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hernandez-Gordillo
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Timothy Kassis
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Arinola Lampejo
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - GiHun Choi
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mario E Gamboa
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Juan S Gnecco
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Brown
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David T Breault
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 208 Lake Hall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Center for Gynepathology Research and Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Maltseva D, Raygorodskaya M, Knyazev E, Zgoda V, Tikhonova O, Zaidi S, Nikulin S, Baranova A, Turchinovich A, Rodin S, Tonevitsky A. Knockdown of the α5 laminin chain affects differentiation of colorectal cancer cells and their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Biochimie 2020; 174:107-116. [PMID: 32334043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) may affect the rate of cancer progression and metastasis. One of the major components of ECM are laminins, the heterotrimeric glycoproteins consisting of α-, β-, and γ-chains (αβγ). Laminins interact with their cell surface receptors and, thus, regulate multiple cellular processes. In this work, we demonstrate that shRNA-mediated knockdown of the α5 laminin chain results in Wnt- and mTORC1-dependent partial dedifferentiation of colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that this dedifferentiation involved activation of ER-stress signaling, pathway promoting the sensitivity of cells to 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maltseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya str. 13/4, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Scientific Research Center Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Maria Raygorodskaya
- Scientific Research Center Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Knyazev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya str. 13/4, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str. 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str. 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shan Zaidi
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Sergey Nikulin
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya str. 13/4, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Research Center of Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye str. 1, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya str. 13/4, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Scientific Research Center Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia.
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Peters MF, Choy AL, Pin C, Leishman DJ, Moisan A, Ewart L, Guzzie-Peck PJ, Sura R, Keller DA, Scott CW, Kolaja KL. Developing in vitro assays to transform gastrointestinal safety assessment: potential for microphysiological systems. Lab Chip 2020; 20:1177-1190. [PMID: 32129356 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicities (DI-GITs) are among the most common adverse events in clinical trials. High prevalence of DI-GIT has persisted among new drugs due in part to the lack of robust experimental tools to allow early detection or to guide optimization of safer molecules. Developing in vitro assays for the leading GI toxicities (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain) will likely involve recapitulating complex physiological properties that require contributions from diverse cell/tissue types including epithelial, immune, microbiome, nerve, and muscle. While this stipulation may be beyond traditional 2D monocultures of intestinal cell lines, emerging 3D GI microtissues capture interactions between diverse cell and tissue types. These interactions give rise to microphysiologies fundamental to gut biology. For GI microtissues, organoid technology was the breakthrough that introduced intestinal stem cells with the capability of differentiating into each of the epithelial cell types and that self-organize into a multi-cellular tissue proxy with villus- and crypt-like domains. Recently, GI microtissues generated using miniaturized devices with microfluidic flow and cyclic peristaltic strain were shown to induce Caco2 cells to spontaneously differentiate into each of the principle intestinal epithelial cell types. Second generation models comprised of epithelial organoids or microtissues co-cultured with non-epithelial cell types can successfully reproduce cross-'tissue' functional interactions broadening the potential of these models to accurately study drug-induced toxicities. A new paradigm in which in vitro assays become an early part of GI safety assessment could be realized if microphysiological systems (MPS) are developed in alignment with drug-discovery needs. Herein, approaches for assessing GI toxicity of pharmaceuticals are reviewed and gaps are compared with capabilities of emerging GI microtissues (e.g., organoids, organ-on-a-chip, transwell systems) in order to provide perspective on the assay features needed for MPS models to be adopted for DI-GIT assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Peters
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
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Peters MF, Landry T, Pin C, Maratea K, Dick C, Wagoner MP, Choy AL, Barthlow H, Snow D, Stevens Z, Armento A, Scott CW, Ayehunie S. Human 3D Gastrointestinal Microtissue Barrier Function As a Predictor of Drug-Induced Diarrhea. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:3-17. [PMID: 30364994 PMCID: PMC6390652 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicities (GITs) rank among the most common clinical side effects. Preclinical efforts to reduce incidence are limited by inadequate predictivity of in vitro assays. Recent breakthroughs in in vitro culture methods support intestinal stem cell maintenance and continual differentiation into the epithelial cell types resident in the intestine. These diverse cells self-assemble into microtissues with in vivo-like architecture. Here, we evaluate human GI microtissues grown in transwell plates that allow apical and/or basolateral drug treatment and 96-well throughput. Evaluation of assay utility focused on predictivity for diarrhea because this adverse effect correlates with intestinal barrier dysfunction which can be measured in GI microtissues using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). A validation set of widely prescribed drugs was assembled and tested for effects on TEER. When the resulting TEER inhibition potencies were adjusted for clinical exposure, a threshold was identified that distinguished drugs that induced clinical diarrhea from those that lack this liability. Microtissue TEER assay predictivity was further challenged with a smaller set of drugs whose clinical development was limited by diarrhea that was unexpected based on 1-month animal studies. Microtissue TEER accurately predicted diarrhea for each of these drugs. The label-free nature of TEER enabled repeated quantitation with sufficient precision to develop a mathematical model describing the temporal dynamics of barrier damage and recovery. This human 3D GI microtissue is the first in vitro assay with validated predictivity for diarrhea-inducing drugs. It should provide a platform for lead optimization and offers potential for dose schedule exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Peters
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Tim Landry
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721
| | - Carmen Pin
- Mechanistic Safety and ADME Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Kim Maratea
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Cortni Dick
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Matthew P Wagoner
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Allison L Choy
- Science and Enabling Units IT, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Herb Barthlow
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Deb Snow
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
| | | | - Alex Armento
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721
| | - Clay W Scott
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451
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Liu H, Wang Y, Cui K, Guo Y, Zhang X, Qin J. Advances in Hydrogels in Organoids and Organs-on-a-Chip. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902042. [PMID: 31282047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more effective diagnostics and therapy. Organoids and organs-on-a-chip (OOC), evolved from developmental biology and bioengineering principles, have emerged as major technological breakthrough and distinct model systems to revolutionize biomedical research and drug discovery by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexity of human organs in vitro. There is growing interest in the development of functional biomaterials, especially hydrogels, for utilization in these promising systems to build more physiologically relevant 3D tissues with defined properties. The remarkable properties of defined hydrogels as proper extracellular matrix that can instruct cellular behaviors are presented. The recent trend where functional hydrogels are integrated into organoids and OOC systems for the construction of 3D tissue models is highlighted. Future opportunities and perspectives in the development of advanced hydrogels toward accelerating organoids and OOC research in biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangli Cui
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Hinman SS, Wang Y, Allbritton NL. Photopatterned Membranes and Chemical Gradients Enable Scalable Phenotypic Organization of Primary Human Colon Epithelial Models. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15240-15247. [PMID: 31692334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical gradients across the intestinal epithelium play a major role in governing intestinal stem cell compartmentalization, differentiation dynamics, and organ-level self-renewal. However, scalable platforms that recapitulate the architecture and gradients present in vivo are absent. We present a platform in which individually addressable arrays of chemical gradients along the intestinal crypt long axis can be generated, enabling scalable culture of primary in vitro colonic epithelial replicas. The platform utilizes standardized well plate spacing, maintains access to basal and luminal compartments, and relies on a photopatterned porous membrane to act as diffusion windows while supporting the in vitro crypts. Simultaneous fabrication of 3875 crypts over a single membrane was developed. Growth factor gradients were modeled and then experimentally optimized to promote long-term health and self-renewal of the crypts which were assayed in situ by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The cultured in vitro crypt arrays successfully recapitulated the architecture and luminal-to-basal phenotypic polarity observed in vivo. Furthermore, known signaling regulators (e.g., butyrate and DAPT) produced measurable and predictable effects on the organized cell compartments, each decreasing crypt proliferation in the basal regions to negligible values. This platform is readily adaptable to the screening of tissue from individual patients to assay the impact of food and bacterial metabolites and/or drugs on colonic crypt dynamics. Importantly, the cassette is compatible with a wide range of sensing/detection modalities, and the developed fabrication methods should find applications for other cell and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States , and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
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Noguerol J, Roustan PJ, N'Taye M, Delcombel L, Rolland C, Guiraud L, Sagnat D, Edir A, Bonnart C, Denadai-Souza A, Deraison C, Vergnolle N, Racaud-Sultan C. Sexual dimorphism in PAR 2-dependent regulation of primitive colonic cells. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 31492202 PMCID: PMC6731565 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism in biological responses is a critical knowledge for therapeutic proposals. However, gender differences in intestinal stem cell physiology have been poorly studied. Given the important role of the protease-activated receptor PAR2 in the control of colon epithelial primitive cells and cell cycle genes, we have performed a sex-based comparison of its expression and of the effects of PAR2 activation or knockout on cell proliferation and survival functions. METHODS Epithelial primitive cells isolated from colons from male and female mice were cultured as colonoids, and their number and size were measured. PAR2 activation was triggered by the addition of SLIGRL agonist peptide in the culture medium. PAR2-deficient mice were used to study the impact of PAR2 expression on colon epithelial cell culture and gene expression. RESULTS Colonoids from female mice were more abundant and larger compared to males, and these differences were further increased after PAR2 activation by specific PAR2 agonist peptide. The proliferation of male epithelial cells was lower compared to females but was specifically increased in PAR2 knockout male cells. PAR2 expression was higher in male colon cells compared to females and controlled the gene expression and activation of key negative signals of the primitive cell proliferation. This PAR2-dependent brake on the proliferation of male colon primitive cells was correlated with stress resistance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data demonstrate that there is a sexual dimorphism in the PAR2-dependent regulation of primitive cells of the colon crypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Noguerol
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Mikael N'Taye
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Léo Delcombel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France.
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Creff J, Courson R, Mangeat T, Foncy J, Souleille S, Thibault C, Besson A, Malaquin L. Fabrication of 3D scaffolds reproducing intestinal epithelium topography by high-resolution 3D stereolithography. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119404. [PMID: 31419651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is a complex tissue with a crypt/villus architecture and high tissue polarity. Maintenance of tissue integrity and function is supported by a constant renewal of the epithelium, with proliferative cells located in the crypts and differentiated cells migrating upward to the top of villi. So far, most in vitro studies have been limited to 2D surfaces or 3D organoid cultures that do not fully recapitulate the tissue 3D architecture, microenvironment and cell compartmentalization found in vivo. Here, we report the development of a 3D model that reproduces more faithfully the architecture of the intestinal epithelium in vitro. We developed a new fabrication process combining a photopolymerizable hydrogel that supports the growth of intestinal cell lines with high-resolution stereolithography 3D printing. This approach offers the possibility to create artificial 3D scaffolds matching the dimensions and architecture of mouse intestinal crypts and villi. We demonstrate that these 3D culture models support the growth and differentiation of Caco-2 cells for 3 weeks. These models may constitute a complementary approach to organoid cultures to study intestinal homeostasis by allowing guided self-organization and controlled differentiation, as well as for in vitro drug screening and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France; LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Courson
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | | | - C Thibault
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-INSA, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France.
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Costa J, Ahluwalia A. Advances and Current Challenges in Intestinal in vitro Model Engineering: A Digest. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:144. [PMID: 31275931 PMCID: PMC6591368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological environment of the intestine is characterized by its variegated composition, numerous functions and unique dynamic conditions, making it challenging to recreate the organ in vitro. This review outlines the requirements for engineering physiologically relevant intestinal in vitro models, mainly focusing on the importance of the mechano-structural cues that are often neglected in classic cell culture systems. More precisely: the topography, motility and flow present in the intestinal epithelium. After defining quantitative descriptors for these features, we describe the current state of the art, citing relevant approaches used to address one (or more) of the elements in question, pursuing a progressive conceptual construction of an "ideal" biomimetic intestinal model. The review concludes with a critical assessment of the currently available methods to summarize the important features of the intestinal tissue in the light of their different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Center “E. Piaggio” and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Speer JE, Gunasekara DB, Wang Y, Fallon JK, Attayek PJ, Smith PC, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Molecular transport through primary human small intestinal monolayers by culture on a collagen scaffold with a gradient of chemical cross-linking. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:36. [PMID: 31061676 PMCID: PMC6487070 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The luminal surface of the small intestine is composed of a monolayer of cells overlying a lamina propria comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The ECM provides a porous substrate critical for nutrient exchange and cellular adhesion. The enterocytes within the epithelial monolayer possess proteins such as transporters, carriers, pumps and channels that participate in the movement of drugs, metabolites, ions and amino acids and whose function can be regulated or altered by the properties of the ECM. Here, we characterized expression and function of proteins involved in transport across the human small intestinal epithelium grown on two different culture platforms. One strategy employs a conventional scaffolding method comprised of a thin ECM film overlaying a porous membrane while the other utilizes a thick ECM hydrogel placed on a porous membrane. The thick hydrogel possesses a gradient of chemical cross-linking along its length to provide a softer substrate than that of the ECM film-coated membrane while maintaining mechanical stability. Results The monolayers on both platforms possessed goblet cells and abundant enterocytes and were impermeable to Lucifer yellow and fluorescein-dextran (70 kD) indicating high barrier integrity. Multiple transporter proteins were present in both primary-cell culture formats at levels similar to those present in freshly isolated crypts/villi; however, expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the monolayers on the conventional scaffold was substantially less than that on the gradient cross-linked scaffold and freshly isolated crypts/villi. Monolayers on the conventional scaffold failed to transport the BCRP substrate prazosin while cells on the gradient cross-linked scaffold successfully transported this drug to better mimic the properties of in vivo small intestine. Conclusions The results of this comparison highlight the need to create in vitro intestinal transport platforms whose characteristics mimic the in vivo lamina propria in order to accurately recapitulate epithelial function. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-019-0165-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Speer
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Dulan B Gunasekara
- 2Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599 USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - John K Fallon
- 3Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Peter J Attayek
- 2Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599 USA
| | - Philip C Smith
- 3Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Christopher E Sims
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,2Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599 USA
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Dutton JS, Hinman SS, Kim R, Wang Y, Allbritton NL. Primary Cell-Derived Intestinal Models: Recapitulating Physiology. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:744-760. [PMID: 30591184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of physiologically relevant intestinal models fueled by breakthroughs in primary cell-culture methods has enabled successful recapitulation of key features of intestinal physiology. These advances, paired with engineering methods, for example incorporating chemical gradients or physical forces across the tissues, have yielded ever more sophisticated systems that enhance our understanding of the impact of the host microbiome on human physiology as well as on the genesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. In this review we highlight recent advances in the development and usage of primary cell-derived intestinal models incorporating monolayers, organoids, microengineered platforms, and macrostructured systems, and discuss the expected directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Dutton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers that have high occurrence and death in both males and females. As various factors have been found to contribute to CRC development, personalized therapies are critical for efficient treatment. To achieve this purpose, the establishment of patient-derived tumor models is critical for diagnosis and drug test. The establishment of three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of patient-derived epithelial tissues is a breakthrough for expanding living materials for later use. This review provides an overview of the different types of 2D- and 3D-based intestinal stem cell cultures, their potential benefits, and the drawbacks in personalized medicine in treatment of the intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Shin W, Kim HJ. Intestinal barrier dysfunction orchestrates the onset of inflammatory host-microbiome cross-talk in a human gut inflammation-on-a-chip. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10539-E10547. [PMID: 30348765 PMCID: PMC6233106 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810819115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of intestinal inflammation involves complex intercellular cross-talk of inflammatory cells, including the epithelial and immune cells, and the gut microbiome. This multicellular complexity has hampered the identification of the trigger that orchestrates the onset of intestinal inflammation. To identify the initiator of inflammatory host-microbiome cross-talk, we leveraged a pathomimetic "gut inflammation-on-a-chip" undergoing physiological flow and motions that recapitulates the pathophysiology of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammation in murine models. DSS treatment significantly impaired, without cytotoxic damage, epithelial barrier integrity, villous microarchitecture, and mucus production, which were rapidly recovered after cessation of DSS treatment. We found that the direct contact of DSS-sensitized epithelium and immune cells elevates oxidative stress, in which the luminal microbial stimulation elicited the production of inflammatory cytokines and immune cell recruitment. In contrast, an intact intestinal barrier successfully suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production against the physiological level of lipopolysaccharide or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in the presence of immune elements. Probiotic treatment effectively reduced the oxidative stress, but it failed to ameliorate the epithelial barrier dysfunction and proinflammatory response when the probiotic administration happened after the DSS-induced barrier disruption. Maintenance of epithelial barrier function was necessary and sufficient to control the physiological oxidative stress and proinflammatory cascades, suggesting that "good fences make good neighbors." Thus, the modular gut inflammation-on-a-chip identifies the mechanistic contribution of barrier dysfunction mediated by intercellular host-microbiome cross-talk to the onset of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712;
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim R, Wang Y, Hwang SHJ, Attayek PJ, Smiddy NM, Reed MI, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Formation of arrays of planar, murine, intestinal crypts possessing a stem/proliferative cell compartment and differentiated cell zone. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2202-2213. [PMID: 29944153 PMCID: PMC6337012 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple, in vitro intestinal model recapitulating key aspects of crypt architecture and physiology would facilitate our understanding the impact of drugs, foods and microbial metabolites on the intestine. To address the limitations of previously reported intestinal in vitro platforms, we developed a planar crypt array that replicated the spatial segregation and physiologic responses of primary mouse intestinal epithelial cells in the large intestine. Collagen was coated across an impermeable film possessing an array of microholes creating two regions of distinct stiffness and porosity (above and outside the microholes). Primary mouse colon epithelial cells formed a continuous monolayer across the array with a proliferative cell zone above the microholes and a nonproliferative or differentiated cell region distant from the microholes. Formation of a chemical gradient of growth factors across the array yielded a more complete or in vivo-like cell segregation of proliferative and differentiated cells with cell migration outward from the proliferative cell zone into the differentiated zone to replace apoptotic dying cells much as occurs in vivo. Short chain fatty acids (microbial metabolites) applied to the luminal surface of the crypt array significantly impacted the proliferation and differentiation of the cells replicating the known in vivo effects of these fatty acids. Importantly this planar crypt array was readily fabricated and maintained, easily imaged with properties quantified by microscopy, and compatible with reagent addition to either the luminal or basal fluid reservoirs. The ability to observe simultaneously stem/proliferative and differentiated cell behavior and movement between these two compartments in response to drugs, toxins, inflammatory mediators or microbial metabolites will be of widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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