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Van der Eecken H, Joniau S, Berghen C, Rans K, De Meerleer G. The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4856. [PMID: 38068715 PMCID: PMC10708402 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in particular, have been studied, but recently, equol as a derivative has gained interest because it is more biologically potent. Different mechanisms of action have already been studied for the different isoflavones in multiple conditions, such as breast, gastrointestinal, and urogenital cancers. Many of these mechanisms of action could also be demonstrated in the prostate, both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of action at the cellular level and compares them between genistein, daidzein, and equol. These include androgen- and estrogen-mediated pathways, regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and epigenetics are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Charlien Berghen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.B.); (K.R.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Kato Rans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.B.); (K.R.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.B.); (K.R.); (G.D.M.)
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Čoma M, Lachová V, Mitrengová P, Gál P. Molecular Changes Underlying Genistein Treatment of Wound Healing: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:127-141. [PMID: 34067763 PMCID: PMC8929053 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deprivation is one of the major factors responsible for many age-related processes including poor wound healing in postmenopausal women. However, the reported side-effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have precluded broad clinical administration. Therefore, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed to overcome the detrimental side effects of ERT on breast and/or uterine tissues. The use of natural products isolated from plants (e.g., soy) may represent a promising source of biologically active compounds (e.g., genistein) as efficient alternatives to conventional treatment. Genistein as natural SERM has the unique ability to selectively act as agonist or antagonist in a tissue-specific manner, i.e., it improves skin repair and simultaneously exerts anti-cancer and chemopreventive properties. Hence, we present here a wound healing phases-based review of the most studied naturally occurring SERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia;
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Lachová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Petra Mitrengová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +421-55-789-1613
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Abstract
Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, COPD, and smoking status. Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. Early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Here, we provide a critical summary of the current knowledge highlighting the limitations and remaining gaps that need to be addressed to fully characterize ACE2 function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated pathogenesis. We also discuss ACE2 expression and potential role in the context of comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential co-receptors/attachment factors such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate and sialic acids and the putative alternative receptors, such as CD147 and GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de MontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalQuébecCanada
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Wu T, Xu W, Wang Y, Tao M, Hu Z, Lv B, Hui Y, Du H. OxLDL enhances choroidal neovascularization lesion through inducing vascular endothelium to mesenchymal transition process and angiogenic factor expression. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hemati N, Asis M, Moradi S, Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Nikfar S, Mohammadi E, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Effects of genistein on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108764. [PMID: 31955737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is a phytoestrogen with potential health benefits in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence regarding its effects on hypertension has not been conclusive. Therefore, we examined the impact of oral genistein supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) via a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane library databases (until August 2019) were searched to identify potential RCTs with information on genistein supplementation and hypertension. Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) was pooled using a random-effects model. Pooling four RCTs (four treatment arms) together did not show any significant reduction of SBP (WMD: -5.32 mmHg, 95% CI: -14.59 to 3.96) and DBP (WMD: -2.06 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.41 to 2.28) compared to that of the placebo group. However, subgroup analysis by intervention duration suggested that more than 6 months genistein supplementation in metabolic syndrome patients can significantly decrease SBP (WMD: -13.73 mmHg, 95% CI: -18.10 to -9.37) and DBP (WMD: -5.18 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.62 to -3.74). Generally, present study indicated that genistein supplementation had no effect on hypertension, but it seems that longer intervention duration of more than 6 months especially among metabolic syndrome patients may lead to the effectiveness of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Hemati
- Internal Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asis
- Internal Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Evidence-Based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lynch C, Zhao J, Huang R, Kanaya N, Bernal L, Hsieh JH, Auerbach SS, Witt KL, Merrick BA, Chen S, Teng CT, Xia M. Identification of Estrogen-Related Receptor α Agonists in the Tox21 Compound Library. Endocrinology 2018; 159:744-753. [PMID: 29216352 PMCID: PMC5774247 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Increased expression of ERRα in certain ovarian, breast, and colon cancers has a negative prognosis, indicating an important role for ERRα in cancer progression. An interaction between ERRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) has also recently been shown to regulate an enzyme in the β-oxidation of free fatty acids, thereby suggesting that ERRα plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it would be prudent to identify compounds that can act as activators of ERRα. In this study, we screened ∼10,000 (8311 unique) compounds, known as the Tox21 10K collection, to identify agonists of ERRα. We performed this screen using two stably transfected HEK 293 cell lines, one with the ERRα-reporter alone and the other with both ERRα-reporter and PGC-1α expression vectors. After the primary screening, we identified more than five agonist clusters based on compound structural similarity analysis (e.g., statins). By examining the activities of the confirmed ERRα modulators in other Tox21 NR assays, eliminating those with promiscuous NR activity, and performing follow-up assays (e.g., small interfering RNA knockdown), we identified compounds that might act as endocrine disrupters through effects on ERRα signaling. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive analysis in discovering potential endocrine disrupters that affect the ERRα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Lynch
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Noriko Kanaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Lauren Bernal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Kelly Government Solutions, Durham, North Carolina 27560
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Christina T. Teng
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Teng CT, Hsieh JH, Zhao J, Huang R, Xia M, Martin N, Gao X, Dixon D, Auerbach SS, Witt KL, Merrick BA. Development of Novel Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening to Detect Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Modulators. SLAS Discov 2017; 22:720-731. [PMID: 28346099 PMCID: PMC5486949 DOI: 10.1177/2472555216689772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), the first orphan nuclear receptor discovered, is crucial for the control of cellular energy metabolism. ERRα and its coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), are required for rapid energy production in response to environmental challenges. They have been implicated in the etiology of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. ERRα also plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Identification of compounds that modulate ERRα signaling may elucidate environmental factors associated with these diseases. Therefore, we developed stable cell lines containing an intact ERRα signaling pathway, with and without the coactivator PGC-1α, to use as high-throughput screening tools to detect ERRα modulators. The lentiviral PGC-1α expression constructs and ERRα multiple hormone response element (MHRE) reporters were introduced into HEK293T cells that express endogenous ERRα. A cell line expressing the reporter alone was designated "ERR." A second cell line expressing both reporter and PGC-1α was named "PGC/ERR." Initial screenings of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) identified 33 ERR and 22 PGC/ERR agonists, and 54 ERR and 15 PGC/ERR antagonists. Several potent ERRα agonists were dietary plant compounds (e.g., genistein). In conclusion, these cell lines are suitable for high-throughput screens to identify environmental chemicals affecting metabolic pathways and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T. Teng
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Negin Martin
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Wu W, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhou W, Cheng Y, Li H, Zhang C, Li L, Huang Y, Zhang F. Simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method for the separation of isoflavones using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2827-2837. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hanqiu Wu
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Weie Zhou
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Hongna Li
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Chuanbin Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
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Sureda A, Sanches Silva A, Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Daglia M, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Hypotensive effects of genistein: From chemistry to medicine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:37-46. [PMID: 28242380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (4', 5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid characteristic of Leguminoseae plants, is a phyto-oestrogen exerting oestrogenic activity as both an agonist and an antagonist substance. A large body of evidence suggests that genistein possesses many physiological and pharmacological properties that make this molecule a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of a number of chronic diseases. Growing evidence suggests that genistein could act as a vasodilating, anti-thrombotic, and anti-atherosclerotic agent, exerting these effects through different mechanisms of action. This paper aims to review data from the literature assessing the beneficial effects of genistein on hypertension, one of the most important cardiovascular disease risk factors along with hyperglycemia and hyperlidipemia. In addition, we discuss the chemistry, main sources and bioavailability of genistein. Scientific findings support genistein's potential as a promising anti-hypertensive agent in different experimental models. However, clinical trials are very limited and more research will be required before genistein intake can be recommended as part of therapies targeting raised blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Department of Food and Nutrition - Av. Padre Cruz, Lisbon 1649-016, Portugal; Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), ICETA - Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade Do Porto, Universidade Do Porto - Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, Oporto 4051-401, Portugal
| | | | - Jaime López-Cervantes
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero No. 818 sur, Apdo. 335, Ciudad Obregón C.P. 85000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Duarte AC, Hrynchak MV, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Santos CRA. Sex Hormone Decline and Amyloid β Synthesis, Transport and Clearance in the Brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27632792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones (SH) are essential regulators of the central nervous system. The decline in SH levels along with ageing may contribute to compromised neuroprotection and set the grounds for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. In Alzheimer's disease, besides other pathological features, there is an imbalance between amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, leading to its accumulation in the brain of older subjects. Aβ accumulation is a primary cause for brain inflammation and degeneration, as well as concomitant cognitive decline. There is mounting evidence that SH modulate Aβ production, transport and clearance. Importantly, SH regulate most of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, their transport across brain barriers for elimination, and their degradation in the brain interstitial fluid. This review brings together data on the regulation of Aβ production, metabolism, degradation and clearance by SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M V Hrynchak
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis examining the effects of genistein on homocysteine and lipid levels in postmenopausal women. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov website for studies. We performed a meta-analysis using weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals in a random-effects model. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics. RESULTS Eight randomized, controlled trials with a total of 476 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebos, genistein was effective in reducing plasma levels of homocysteine (WMD, -0.58 μmol/l; p = 0.001), and increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (WMD, 4.9 mg/dl; p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses revealed that genistein significantly decreased the levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD, -16.90 mg/dl; p = 0.01), total cholesterol (WMD, -15.83 mg/dl; p = 0.008), and triglycerides (WMD, -46.58 mg/dl; p = 0.03) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, but had no significant effects in those with no metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrates that genistein significantly reduces homocysteine levels and increases HDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. Genistein also significantly decreases LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , China ;,b Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Y Liu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , China ;,b Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - T Wang
- b Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - L Zhao
- c Department of Pharmacy , Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - W Feng
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , China
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Lin J, Xu Y, Zhao T, Sun L, Yang M, Liu T, Sun H, Zhang L. Genistein suppresses smooth muscle cell-derived foam cell formation through tyrosine kinase pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that high consumption of soy products is associated with low incidences of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Soybeans contain large amounts of isoflavones, such as the genistein and daidzain. Previously, it has been demonstrated that genistein, one of the predominant soy isoflavones, can inhibit several steps involved in carcinogenesis. It is suggested that genistein possesses pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action including inhibition of tyrosine kinases, DNA topoisomerase II, 5α-reductase, galectin-induced G2/M arrest, protein histidine kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinases, modulation of different signaling pathways associated with the growth of cancer cells (e.g., NF-κB, Akt, MAPK), etc. Moreover, genistein is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Uncontrolled angiogenesis is considered as a key step in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Genistein was found to inhibit angiogenesis through regulation of multiple pathways, such as regulation of VEGF, MMPs, EGFR expressions and NF-κB, PI3-K/Akt, ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby causing strong antiangiogenic effects. This review focuses on the antiangiogenic properties of soy isoflavonoids and examines their possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Gal
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department for Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavská 8, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Commenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Mojzisova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP-1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
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14
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Mahmoud AM, Yang W, Bosland MC. Soy isoflavones and prostate cancer: a review of molecular mechanisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:116-32. [PMID: 24373791 PMCID: PMC3962012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are dietary components for which an association has been demonstrated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian populations. However, the exact mechanism by which these isoflavones may prevent the development or progression of PCa is not completely understood. There are a growing number of animal and in vitro studies that have attempted to elucidate these mechanisms. The predominant and most biologically active isoflavones in soy products, genistein, daidzein, equol, and glycetin, inhibit prostate carcinogenesis in some animal models. Cell-based studies show that soy isoflavones regulate genes that control cell cycle and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the literature relevant to the molecular events that may account for the benefit of soy isoflavones in PCa prevention or treatment. These reports show that although soy isoflavone-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of PCa cells are plausible mechanisms, other chemo protective mechanisms are also worthy of consideration. These possible mechanisms include antioxidant defense, DNA repair, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, potentiation of radio- and chemotherapeutic agents, and antagonism of estrogen- and androgen-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, other cells in the cancer milieu, such as the fibroblastic stromal cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells, may be targeted by soy isoflavones, which may contribute to soy-mediated prostate cancer prevention. In this review, these mechanisms are discussed along with considerations about the doses and the preclinical models that have been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Gencel VB, Benjamin MM, Bahou SN, Khalil RA. Vascular effects of phytoestrogens and alternative menopausal hormone therapy in cardiovascular disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:149-74. [PMID: 22070687 DOI: 10.2174/138955712798995020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogenic compounds of plant origin classified into different groups including isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and stilbenes. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are the most studied and most potent phytoestrogens, and are found mainly in soy based foods. The effects of phytoestrogens are partly mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and possibly GPER. The interaction of phytoestrogens with ERs is thought to induce both genomic and non-genomic effects in many tissues including the vasculature. Some phytoestrogens such as genistein have additional non-ER-mediated effects involving signaling pathways such as tyrosine kinase. Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and extracellular matrix. Phytoestrogens may also affect other pathophysiologic vascular processes such as lipid profile, angiogenesis, inflammation, tissue damage by reactive oxygen species, and these effects could delay the progression of atherosclerosis. As recent clinical trials showed no vascular benefits or even increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV events with conventional menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), phytoestrogens are being considered as alternatives to pharmacologic MHT. Epidemiological studies in the Far East population suggest that dietary intake of phytoestrogens may contribute to the decreased incidence of postmenopausal CVD and thromboembolic events. Also, the WHO-CARDIAC study supported that consumption of high soybean diet is associated with lower mortalities from coronary artery disease. However, as with estrogen, there has been some discrepancy between the experimental studies demonstrating the vascular benefits of phytoestrogens and the data from clinical trials. This is likely because the phytoestrogens clinical trials have been limited in many aspects including the number of participants enrolled, the clinical end points investigated, and the lack of long-term follow-up. Further investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of phytoestrogens and careful evaluation of the epidemiological evidence and clinical trials of their potential vascular benefits would put forward the use of phytoestrogens as an alternative MHT for the relief of menopausal symptoms and amelioration of postmenopausal CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Gencel
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Du G, Zhao H, Song Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Rapid simultaneous determination of isoflavones in Radix puerariae using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with novel shell-type column. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2576-85. [PMID: 21898802 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for rapid determination of 13 isoflavones in Radix puerariae. A novel shell-type column, namely Kinetex core-shell C(18) column (50 mm×2.1 mm id, 2.6 μm), and gradient elution were used during the analysis. The chromatographic peaks of 13 investigated compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and MS data with the related reference compounds. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed for the quantitative analysis with negative ionization mode. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9990) within test ranges. The LOD and LOQ were lower than 0.017 and 0.873 μg/mL on column, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions for 13 analytes were <1.17 and 2.17%, respectively, and the recoveries were 93.1-104.4%. The validated method was applied for quantitative analysis of 13 isoflavones in 7 species of Radix puerariae. The result demonstrated that HPLC-MS/MS system with Kinetex column could be a promising analytical tool for the determination of isoflavones in traditional Chinese medicines, which is helpful for comprehensive evaluation of quality of R. puerariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, P. R. China
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17
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Yang Y, Gao M, Wu Z, Guo Y. Genistein attenuates low temperature induced pulmonary hypertension in broiler chicks by modulating endothelial function. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:242-8. [PMID: 20854807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by high pulmonary blood pressure, vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. In the present study, we investigated whether genistein would prevent the development of low temperature-induced pulmonary hypertension in broilers. Hemodynamic parameters, vascular remodeling, the expression of endothelial nitric oxide and endothelin-1 content in lung tissue were evaluated. The results demonstrated that genistein significantly reduced pulmonary arterial hypertension and suppressed pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling without affecting broilers' performance. The beneficial effects appeared to be mediated by restoring endothelial function especially endothelial nitric oxide and endothelin-1, two critical vasoactive molecules that associated with the development of hypertension. Genistein supplementation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, 100193, PR China
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18
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Albini A, Indraccolo S, Noonan DM, Pfeffer U. Functional genomics of endothelial cells treated with anti-angiogenic or angiopreventive drugs. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:419-39. [PMID: 20383568 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated physiological process that has been studied in considerable detail given its importance in several chronic pathologies. Many endogenous factors and hormones intervene in the regulation of angiogensis and classical as well as targeted drugs have been developed for its control. Angiogenesis inhibition has come off the bench and entered into clinical application for cancer therapy, particularly for metastatic disease. While the clinical benefit is currently in terms of months, preclinical data suggest that novel drugs and drug combinations could lead to substantial improvement. The many targets of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors reflect the complexity of the process; in contrast, current clinical therapies mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor system. Cancer chemopreventive compounds can retard tumor insurgence and delay or prevent metastasis and many of these molecules hinder angiogenesis, a mechanism that we termed angioprevention. Angiopreventive drugs appear to prevalently act through the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic player NFkappaB, thus contrasting inflammation dependent angiogenesis. Relatively little is known concerning the effects of these angiogenesis inhibitors on gene expression of endothelial cells, the main target of many of these molecules. Here we provide an exhaustive list of anti-angiogenic molecules, and summarize their effects, where known, on the transcriptome and functional genomics of endothelial cells. The regulation of specific genes can be crucial to preventive or therapeutic intervention. Further, novel targets might help to circumvent resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. The studies we review are relevant not only to cancer but also to other chronic degenerative diseases involving endothelial cells, such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and retinopaties, as well as vessel aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- MultiMedica Castellanza (VA) and Oncology Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Mortensen A, Kulling SE, Schwartz H, Rowland I, Ruefer CE, Rimbach G, Cassidy A, Magee P, Millar J, Hall WL, Kramer Birkved F, Sorensen IK, Sontag G. Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S266-309. [PMID: 19774555 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of analytical techniques used to determine isoflavones (IFs) in foods and biological fluids with main emphasis on sample preparation methods. Factors influencing the content of IFs in food including processing and natural variability are summarized and an insight into IF databases is given. Comparisons of dietary intake of IFs in Asian and Western populations, in special subgroups like vegetarians, vegans, and infants are made and our knowledge on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the human body is presented. The influences of the gut microflora, age, gender, background diet, food matrix, and the chemical nature of the IFs on the metabolism of IFs are described. Potential mechanisms by which IFs may exert their actions are reviewed, and genetic polymorphism as determinants of biological response to soy IFs is discussed. The effects of IFs on a range of health outcomes including atherosclerosis, breast, intestinal, and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cognition are reviewed on the basis of the available in vitro, in vivo animal and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Mortensen
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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20
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Erratum: Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1479-1479. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Kamiyama M, Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Utsunomiya K, Kondo K. Effects of Equol on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:239-49. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kamiyama
- Food Processing Technology Division, Department of Food Technology, Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center
| | - Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University
| | - Mariko Tani
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University
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22
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Murdolo G, Herder C, Wang Z, Rose B, Schmelz M, Jansson PA. In situ profiling of adipokines in subcutaneous microdialysates from lean and obese individuals. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E1095-105. [PMID: 18780773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90483.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) had emerged as an endocrine organ and a key regulator of the metabolically triggered inflammation. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the usefulness of a multiplexed bioassay in characterizing a panel of adipokines in subcutaneous (sc) microdialysate samples and 2) to determine whether lean and obese individuals differ in their interstitial adipokines levels following microdialysis (MD) probe insertion. Ultrafiltrating MD membranes were inserted in opposite sites of the sc abdominal AT of six lean (L) and six obese (OB) males at the beginning (M1) and during the last 120 min (M2) of the study. Interstitial and serum concentrations of adipokines were quantified using the Luminex technique and ELISA at 60-min intervals for 5 h. In comparison with L subjects, OB subjects exhibited elevated interstitial leptin (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P < 0.05), and IL-18 levels (P = 0.05), as well as higher serum concentrations of leptin (P < 0.0001), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P = 0.01) and interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (P < 0.05). In samples from the M1 membranes, leptin decreased and IL-1alpha, IL-18, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) remained relatively stable, whereas IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 significantly increased after the first hour (P < 0.0001 vs. baseline). Notably, either the magnitude of increase from the initial values or the time pattern of all the adipokines in M1 and M2 dialysates were similar between the groups. In conclusion, the current work provides valuable information on the optimal time frame to collect in situ AT microdialysate samples. Further studies are needed, however, to unravel the intricate interplay of cytokines in AT interstitial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Shalgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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23
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that consumption of fruit and vegetables plays a role in preventing the onset of CVD. These beneficial effects have been linked to the presence of polyphenolic compounds in plant-derived foods and their antioxidant capacity. It has been hypothesised that polyphenols may also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cell growth and the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and other roles of the endothelium. Previous studies in this area have tended to use concentrations of polyphenols that are supraphysiological (1-100 microm). The effects of more physiological concentrations (0.1 microm) of various individual polyphenols on gene expression were therefore investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using both microarray and quantitative RT-PCR methodologies. Treatment of HUVEC with ferulic acid, quercetin or resveratrol (0.1 microm) resulted in changes to gene expression that for the three treatments amounted to significant (>2-fold) down-regulation of the expression of 363 genes and significant (>2-fold) up-regulation of 233 genes of the 10 000 genes present on the microarray. The majority of these genes were affected by resveratrol. Quantitative RT-PCR studies indicated that resveratrol (0.1 microm) significantly increased the expression of the gene encoding endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which synthesises the vasodilator molecule NO, and both resveratrol and quercetin decreased expression of the potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1), while ferulic acid had no effect. The effects of resveratrol (0.1 microm) were also investigated when HUVEC were under oxidative stress following treatment with H2O2 (0-50 microm), which dose-dependently increased expression of eNOS and ET-1. Resveratrol stimulated eNOS mRNA in the absence of H2O2 and still allowed the increase with H2O2, but the effects were not additive. In contrast, resveratrol blocked the stimulatory effect of H2O2 on ET-1 expression. Hence, resveratrol has potent effects at a physiological concentration (0.1 microm) that would be expected to result in vasodilation and therefore help reduce blood pressure and the risk of CVD.
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24
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Scholz EP, Zitron E, Kiesecker C, Thomas D, Kathöfer S, Kreuzer J, Bauer A, Katus HA, Remppis A, Karle CA, Greten J. Orange flavonoid hesperetin modulates cardiac hERG potassium channel via binding to amino acid F656. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17:666-675. [PMID: 16926094 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hesperetin belongs to the flavonoid subgroup classified as citrus flavonoids and is the main flavonoid in oranges. A high dietary intake of flavonoids has been associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality. HERG potassium channels play a major role in cardiac repolarisation and represent the most important pharmacologic target of both antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic drugs. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique to analyse inhibitory effects of hesperetin on hERG potassium channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Hesperetin blocked hERG potassium channels in a concentration dependent manner. Onset of block was fast and completely reversible upon wash-out. There was no significant effect of hesperetin on channel kinetics. Affinity of hesperetin to mutant F656A hERG channel was significantly decreased compared to WT hERG, indicating a binding site in the channel pore cavity. In contrast, affinity of hesperetin to Y652A hERG was not different from the affinity to WT hERG. CONCLUSION We found an antagonist of cardiac hERG channels that modulates hERG currents by accessing the aromatic pore binding site, particularly amino acid phe-656. Regarding high hesperetin concentrations found in oranges and the increasing consumption of oranges and orange juice in Europe, potential effects of hesperetin on cardiac electrophysiology in vivo deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard P Scholz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Fuchs D, Dirscherl B, Schroot JH, Daniel H, Wenzel U. Proteome analysis suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in stressed endothelial cells is reversed by a soy extract and isolated isoflavones. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2132-42. [PMID: 17503794 DOI: 10.1021/pr060547y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a driving force in atherosclerosis development. A soy extract or a combination of the soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein inhibited apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL in endothelial cells. Proteome analysis revealed that the LDL-induced alterations of numerous proteins were reversed by the extract and the genistein/daidzein mixture but only three protein entities, all functionally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, were regulated in common by both treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fuchs
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, Am Forum 5, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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26
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Piao M, Mori D, Satoh T, Sugita Y, Tokunaga O. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, in vitro angiogenesis, and the down-regulation of cell adhesion-related genes by genistein. Combined with a cDNA microarray analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:249-66. [PMID: 16990182 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600903940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis is presently one of the powerful strategies for treating cancer, and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the process of angiogenesis. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a major isoflavone plentiful in soybeans, is known to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which genistein affects endothelial cells has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a cDNA microarray was performed to investigate the targeted genes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) affected by 10 microM genistein. As a result, a total of 256 genes showed an altered expression of more than twofold. Among them were the genes related to cell proliferation, adhesion, transcription, translation, metabolism, cytoskeleton, apoptosis, kinases, and functionally unknown. The down-regulation of mRNA or the protein expression of cell adhesion-related genes, including VE-cadherin, gap junction protein alpha 1 (connexin 43), integrin alpha V, and multimerin, were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or by immunofluorescence staining. The impaired cell-cell adhesion by genistein was also observed by electron microscopy. In addition, the antiangiogenesis role of genistein was confirmed on Matrigel using inverted microscopy and electron microscopy. In conclusion, genistein affects endothelial cells as a negative mediator of proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro, partially by down-regulating cell adhesion-related genes and impairing cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Piao
- Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Obesity leads to a proinflammatory state with immune responses that include infiltration of adipose tissue with macrophages. These macrophages are believed to alter insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, but the mechanisms that underlie this effect have not been characterized. We have explored the interaction between macrophages and adipocytes in the context of both indirect and direct coculture. Macrophage-secreted factors blocked insulin action in adipocytes via downregulation of GLUT4 and IRS-1, leading to a decrease in Akt phosphorylation and impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. GLUT1 was upregulated with a concomitant increase in basal glucose uptake. These changes recapitulate those seen in adipose tissue from insulin-resistant humans and animal models. TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibodies partially reversed the insulin resistance produced by macrophage-conditioned media. Peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-enriched stromal vascular cells from adipose tissue also attenuated responsiveness to insulin in a manner correlating with inflammatory cytokine secretion. Adipose tissue macrophages from obese mice have an F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD68(+)CD14(-) phenotype and form long cellular extensions in culture. Peritoneal macrophages take on similar characteristics in direct coculture with adipocytes and induce proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that macrophage activation state is influenced by contact with adipocytes. Thus both indirect/secreted and direct/cell contact-mediated factors derived from macrophages influence insulin sensitivity in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey N Lumeng
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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