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Lamontagne F, Paz-Trejo C, Zamorano Cuervo N, Grandvaux N. Redox signaling in cell fate: Beyond damage. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119722. [PMID: 38615720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the nuanced role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell fate, challenging the traditional view that equates ROS with cellular damage. Through significant technological advancements in detecting localized redox states and identifying oxidized cysteines, a paradigm shift has emerged: from ROS as merely damaging agents to crucial players in redox signaling. We delve into the intricacies of redox mechanisms, which, although confined, exert profound influences on cellular physiological responses. Our analysis extends to both the positive and negative impacts of these mechanisms on cell death processes, including uncontrolled and programmed pathways. By unraveling these complex interactions, we argue against the oversimplified notion of a 'stress response', advocating for a more nuanced understanding of redox signaling. This review underscores the importance of localized redox states in determining cell fate, highlighting the sophistication and subtlety of ROS functions beyond mere damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lamontagne
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Paz-Trejo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Fortin A, Veillette M, Larrotta A, Longtin Y, Duchaine C, Grandvaux N. Detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 in retrospective analysis of aerosol samples collected from hospital rooms of patients with COVID-19. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00135-0. [PMID: 36963565 PMCID: PMC10033144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audray Fortin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yves Longtin
- Jewish General Hospital & McGill University faculty of medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bioinformatique, Université Laval et Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kasumba DM, Huot S, Caron E, Fortin A, Laflamme C, Zamorano Cuervo N, Lamontagne F, Pouliot M, Grandvaux N. DUOX2 regulates secreted factors in virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells that contribute to neutrophil attraction and activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22765. [PMID: 36607642 PMCID: PMC10107641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201205r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first line of defense against respiratory viruses relies on the antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine response initiated in infected respiratory epithelial cells. The cytokine response not only restricts virus replication and spreading, but also orchestrates the subsequent immune response. The epithelial Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) has recently emerged as a regulator of the interferon antiviral response. Here, we investigated the role of DUOX2 in the inflammatory cytokine response using a model of A549 cells deficient in DUOX2 generated using Crispr-Cas9 and infected by Sendai virus. We found that the absence of DUOX2 selectively reduced the induction of a restricted panel of 14 cytokines and chemokines secreted in response to Sendai virus by 20 to 89%. The secreted factors produced by epithelial cells upon virus infection promoted the migration, adhesion, and degranulation of primary human neutrophils, in part through the DUOX2-dependent secretion of TNF and chemokines. In contrast, DUOX2 expression did not impact neutrophil viability or NETosis, thereby highlighting a selective impact of DUOX2 in neutrophil functions. Overall, this study unveils previously unrecognized roles of epithelial DUOX2 in the epithelial-immune cells crosstalk during respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacquin M Kasumba
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandrine Huot
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Laflamme
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Felix Lamontagne
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Pouliot
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cuervo NZ, Grandvaux N. Redox proteomics and structural analyses provide insightful implications for additional non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motifs in PDIs. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102583. [PMID: 36567215 PMCID: PMC9868663 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) catalyze redox reactions that reduce, oxidize, or isomerize disulfide bonds and act as chaperones of proteins as they fold. The characteristic features of PDIs are the presence of one or more catalytic thioredoxin (TRX)-like domains harboring typical CXXC catalytic motifs responsible for redox reactions, as well as non-catalytic TRX-like domain. As increasing attention is paid to oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteines (Cys ox-PTMs) with the recognition that they control cellular signaling, strategies to identify sites of Cys ox-PTM by redox proteomics have been optimized. Exploration of an available Cys redoxome dataset supported by modeled structure provided arguments for the existence of an additional non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motif, distinct from those contained in the TRX type patterns, typical of PDIAs. Further structural analysis of PDIA3 and 6 allows us to consider the possibility that this hypothesis could be extended to other members of PDI. These elements invite future studies to decipher the exact role of these non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motifs in the functions of PDIs. Strategies that would allow to validate this hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM – Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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Grandjean Lapierre S, Bedwani S, DeBlois F, Fortin A, Zamorano Cuervo N, Zerouali K, Caron E, Morency-Potvin P, Gagnon S, Nguissan N, Arlotto P, Hardy I, Boutin CA, Tremblay C, Coutlée F, de Guise J, Grandvaux N. Clinical Evaluation of In-House-Produced 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Testing. Viruses 2021; 13:1752. [PMID: 34578334 PMCID: PMC8473445 DOI: 10.3390/v13091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3D-printed alternatives to standard flocked swabs were rapidly developed to provide a response to the unprecedented and sudden need for an exponentially growing amount of diagnostic tools to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the anticipated shortage, a hospital-based 3D-printing platform was implemented in our institution for the production of swabs for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sampling based on the freely available, open-source design provided to the community by University of South Florida's Health Radiology and Northwell Health System teams as a replacement for locally used commercial swabs. Validation of our 3D-printed swabs was performed with a head-to-head diagnostic accuracy study of the 3D-printed "Northwell model" with the cobas PCR Media® swab sample kit. We observed an excellent concordance (total agreement 96.8%, Kappa 0.936) in results obtained with the 3D-printed and flocked swabs, indicating that the in-house 3D-printed swab could be used reliably in the context of a shortage of flocked swabs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on autonomous hospital-based production and clinical validation of 3D-printed swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Stéphane Bedwani
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - François DeBlois
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Audray Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Karim Zerouali
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Elise Caron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Philippe Morency-Potvin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Nakome Nguissan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Pascale Arlotto
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Catherine-Audrey Boutin
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - François Coutlée
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Jacques de Guise
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of System Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Banerjee A, Mossman K, Grandvaux N. Molecular Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:871-873. [PMID: 34373192 PMCID: PMC8313503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution is expected, given the nature of virus replication. Selection and establishment of variants in the human population depend on viral fitness and on molecular and immunological selection pressures. Here we discuss how mechanisms of replication and recombination may contribute to the emergence of current and future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université dé Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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7
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Dubuis ME, Racine É, Vyskocil JM, Turgeon N, Tremblay C, Mukawera E, Boivin G, Grandvaux N, Duchaine C. Ozone inactivation of airborne influenza and lack of resistance of respiratory syncytial virus to aerosolization and sampling processes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253022. [PMID: 34252093 PMCID: PMC8274922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and RSV are human viruses responsible for outbreaks in hospitals, long-term care facilities and nursing homes. The present study assessed an air treatment using ozone at two relative humidity conditions (RHs) in order to reduce the infectivity of airborne influenza. Bovine pulmonary surfactant (BPS) and synthetic tracheal mucus (STM) were used as aerosols protectants to better reflect the human aerosol composition. Residual ozone concentration inside the aerosol chamber was also measured. RSV's sensitivity resulted in testing its resistance to aerosolization and sampling processes instead of ozone exposure. The results showed that without supplement and with STM, a reduction in influenza A infectivity of four orders of magnitude was obtained with an exposure to 1.70 ± 0.19 ppm of ozone at 76% RH for 80 min. Consequently, ozone could be considered as a virucidal disinfectant for airborne influenza A. RSV did not withstand the aerosolization and sampling processes required for the use of the experimental setup. Therefore, ozone exposure could not be performed for this virus. Nonetheless, this study provides great insight for the efficacy of ozone as an air treatment for the control of nosocomial influenza A outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dubuis
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Étienne Racine
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Vyskocil
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Turgeon
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Tremblay
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Espérance Mukawera
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Tremblay K, Rousseau S, Zawati MH, Auld D, Chassé M, Coderre D, Falcone EL, Gauthier N, Grandvaux N, Gros-Louis F, Jabet C, Joly Y, Kaufmann DE, Laprise C, Larochelle C, Maltais F, Mes-Masson AM, Montpetit A, Piché A, Richards JB, Tse SM, Turgeon AF, Turecki G, Vinh DC, Wang HT, Mooser V. The Biobanque québécoise de la COVID-19 (BQC19)-A cohort to prospectively study the clinical and biological determinants of COVID-19 clinical trajectories. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245031. [PMID: 34010280 PMCID: PMC8133500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causing the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) has been responsible for more than 2.8 million deaths and nearly 125 million infections worldwide as of March 2021. In March 2020, the World Health Organization determined that the COVID–19 outbreak is a global pandemic. The urgency and magnitude of this pandemic demanded immediate action and coordination between local, regional, national, and international actors. In that mission, researchers require access to high-quality biological materials and data from SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected patients, covering the spectrum of disease manifestations. The “Biobanque québécoise de la COVID-19” (BQC19) is a pan–provincial initiative undertaken in Québec, Canada to enable the collection, storage and sharing of samples and data related to the COVID-19 crisis. As a disease-oriented biobank based on high-quality biosamples and clinical data of hospitalized and non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and negative individuals. The BQC19 follows a legal and ethical management framework approved by local health authorities. The biosamples include plasma, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and DNA and RNA isolated from whole blood. In addition to the clinical variables, BQC19 will provide in-depth analytical data derived from the biosamples including whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, proteome and metabolome analyses, multiplex measurements of key circulating markers as well as anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. BQC19 will provide the scientific and medical communities access to data and samples to better understand, manage and ultimately limit, the impact of COVID-19. In this paper we present BQC19, describe the process according to which it is governed and organized, and address opportunities for future research collaborations. BQC19 aims to be a part of a global communal effort addressing the challenges of COVID–19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tremblay
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Saguenay, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (KT); (SR); (MHZ)
| | - Simon Rousseau
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (KT); (SR); (MHZ)
| | - Ma’n H. Zawati
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (KT); (SR); (MHZ)
| | - Daniel Auld
- McGill Genome Centre and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Chassé
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Emilia Liana Falcone
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Immunity and Viral Infections, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal—Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Regenerative Medicine Division, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Jabet
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec Santé, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Saguenay, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alain Piché
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Service d’Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche Clinique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Human Genetics, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sze Man Tse
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis F. Turgeon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec–Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- CIUSSS de l’Ouest-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald C. Vinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Han Ting Wang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CIUSSS de l’Est-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Zamorano Cuervo N, Fortin A, Caron E, Chartier S, Grandvaux N. Pinpointing cysteine oxidation sites by high-resolution proteomics reveals a mechanism of redox-dependent inhibition of human STING. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/680/eaaw4673. [PMID: 33906974 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), among which reversible oxidation of cysteine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism of cellular responses. Given the redox regulation of virus-host interactions, the identification of oxidized cysteine sites in cells is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, we present a proteome-wide identification of reversibly oxidized cysteine sites in oxidant-treated cells using a maleimide-based bioswitch method coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 2720 unique oxidized cysteine sites within 1473 proteins with distinct abundances, locations, and functions. Oxidized cysteine sites were found in numerous signaling pathways, many relevant to virus-host interactions. We focused on the oxidation of STING, the central adaptor of the innate immune type I interferon pathway, which is stimulated in response to the detection of cytosolic DNA by cGAS. We demonstrated the reversible oxidation of Cys148 and Cys206 of STING in cells. Molecular analyses led us to establish a model in which Cys148 oxidation is constitutive, whereas Cys206 oxidation is inducible by oxidative stress or by the natural ligand of STING, 2'3'-cGAMP. Our data suggest that the oxidation of Cys206 prevented hyperactivation of STING by causing a conformational change associated with the formation of inactive polymers containing intermolecular disulfide bonds. This finding should aid the design of therapies targeting STING that are relevant to autoinflammatory disorders, immunotherapies, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Stéfany Chartier
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, COPD, and smoking status. Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. Early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Here, we provide a critical summary of the current knowledge highlighting the limitations and remaining gaps that need to be addressed to fully characterize ACE2 function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated pathogenesis. We also discuss ACE2 expression and potential role in the context of comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential co-receptors/attachment factors such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate and sialic acids and the putative alternative receptors, such as CD147 and GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de MontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalQuébecCanada
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11
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Semmler S, Gagné M, Garg P, Pickles SR, Baudouin C, Hamon-Keromen E, Destroismaisons L, Khalfallah Y, Chaineau M, Caron E, Bayne AN, Trempe JF, Cashman NR, Star AT, Haqqani AS, Durcan TM, Meiering EM, Robertson J, Grandvaux N, Plotkin SS, McBride HM, Vande Velde C. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 interacts with ALS-linked misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 and promotes aggregation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3808-3825. [PMID: 32029478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease, characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis. Mutations in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are the second most common cause of familial ALS, and considerable evidence suggests that these mutations result in an increase in toxicity due to protein misfolding. We previously demonstrated in the SOD1G93A rat model that misfolded SOD1 exists as distinct conformers and forms deposits on mitochondrial subpopulations. Here, using SOD1G93A rats and conformation-restricted antibodies specific for misfolded SOD1 (B8H10 and AMF7-63), we identified the interactomes of the mitochondrial pools of misfolded SOD1. This strategy identified binding proteins that uniquely interacted with either AMF7-63 or B8H10-reactive SOD1 conformers as well as a high proportion of interactors common to both conformers. Of this latter set, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) as a SOD1 interactor, and we determined that exposure of the SOD1 functional loops facilitates this interaction. Of note, this conformational change was not universally fulfilled by all SOD1 variants and differentiated TRAF6 interacting from TRAF6 noninteracting SOD1 variants. Functionally, TRAF6 stimulated polyubiquitination and aggregation of the interacting SOD1 variants. TRAF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity was required for the former but was dispensable for the latter, indicating that TRAF6-mediated polyubiquitination and aggregation of the SOD1 variants are independent events. We propose that the interaction between misfolded SOD1 and TRAF6 may be relevant to the etiology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Semmler
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Myriam Gagné
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Pranav Garg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sarah R Pickles
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Charlotte Baudouin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emeline Hamon-Keromen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurie Destroismaisons
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yousra Khalfallah
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mathilde Chaineau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrew N Bayne
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Meiering
- Department of Chemistry, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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12
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Mariani MK, Dasmeh P, Fortin A, Caron E, Kalamujic M, Harrison AN, Hotea DI, Kasumba DM, Cervantes-Ortiz SL, Mukawera E, Serohijos AWR, Grandvaux N. The Combination of IFN β and TNF Induces an Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Program via Non-Canonical Pathways Involving STAT2 and IRF9. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080919. [PMID: 31426476 PMCID: PMC6721756 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) β and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are key players in immunity against viruses. Compelling evidence has shown that the antiviral and inflammatory transcriptional response induced by IFNβ is reprogrammed by crosstalk with TNF. IFNβ mainly induces interferon-stimulated genes by the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway involving the canonical ISGF3 transcriptional complex, composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9. The signaling pathways engaged downstream of the combination of IFNβ and TNF remain elusive, but previous observations suggested the existence of a response independent of STAT1. Here, using genome-wide transcriptional analysis by RNASeq, we observed a broad antiviral and immunoregulatory response initiated in the absence of STAT1 upon IFNβ and TNF costimulation. Additional stratification of this transcriptional response revealed that STAT2 and IRF9 mediate the expression of a wide spectrum of genes. While a subset of genes was regulated by the concerted action of STAT2 and IRF9, other gene sets were independently regulated by STAT2 or IRF9. Collectively, our data supports a model in which STAT2 and IRF9 act through non-canonical parallel pathways to regulate distinct pool of antiviral and immunoregulatory genes in conditions with elevated levels of both IFNβ and TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa K Mariani
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pouria Dasmeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre Robert Cedergren en Bioinformatique et Génomique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mario Kalamujic
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexander N Harrison
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Diana I Hotea
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dacquin M Kasumba
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sandra L Cervantes-Ortiz
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Espérance Mukawera
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Adrian W R Serohijos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre Robert Cedergren en Bioinformatique et Génomique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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13
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Patel TR, Fowke K, Matejcic A, Evans DH, Grandvaux N, Halperin SA, MacDonald NE, van Marle G, Cooper C. Proceedings of the Canadian Association for HIV Research: Canadian Foundation for Infectious Diseases Professional Development Workshop for Viral Researchers. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2019; 4:90-101. [PMID: 36337747 PMCID: PMC9602960 DOI: 10.3138/jammi.2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In March 2018, the Canadian Association for HIV Research (CAHR) and Canadian Foundation for Infectious Diseases (CFID) collaborated to conduct a workshop targeted to mid-career virology researchers. Key objectives of the workshop included 1) sharing knowledge and expertise cutting across various viral diseases, 2) developing collaborations as we anticipate the next wave of suppressive and curative treatment for HIV, HBV, CMV, and other viral diseases, and 3) providing insights, advice, and "food for thought" as participants advance to mid- and later phases of their research careers. This article reports on the key topics contemplated including scientific misinformation within the public realm, network building, interdisciplinary collaboration, mentorship, and communicating with decision makers. Given the focus on virology, the Canadian Society for Virology was invited to highlight their efforts to build a cohesive network that is impactful in facilitating viral research in Canada including advocating for appropriate levels of peer-reviewed research funding. Many key pearls of wisdom are contained within this document which are of value to all researchers aiming for success in a continually evolving, complex, and challenging Canadian research and academic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- DiscoveryLab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Trushar R. Patel, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. E-mail:
| | - Keith Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Canada
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, Canada
- Department of Community Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Matejcic
- Canadian Association for HIV Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Evans
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Noni E MacDonald
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Guido van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Trushar R. Patel, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. E-mail:
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14
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Kasumba DM, Grandvaux N. Therapeutic Targeting of RIG-I and MDA5 Might Not Lead to the Same Rome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:116-127. [PMID: 30606502 PMCID: PMC7112877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RIG-I and MDA5 receptors are key sensors of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-containing viral RNA and transduce downstream signals to activate an antiviral and immunomodulatory response. Fifteen years of research have put them at the center of an ongoing hunt for novel pharmacological pan-antivirals, vaccine adjuvants, and antitumor strategies. Current knowledge testifies to the redundant, but also distinct, functions mediated by RIG-I and MDA5, opening opportunities for the use of specific and potent nucleic acid agonists. We critically discuss the evidence and remaining knowledge gaps that have an impact on the choice and design of optimal RNA ligands to achieve an appropriate immunostimulatory response, with limited adverse effects, for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against viruses and cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacquin M. Kasumba
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Petes C, Mariani MK, Yang Y, Grandvaux N, Gee K. Interleukin (IL)-6 Inhibits IL-27- and IL-30-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 29497424 PMCID: PMC5818456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-30, the IL-27p28 subunit of the heterodimeric cytokine IL-27, acts as an antagonist of IL-27 and IL-6 signaling in murine cells via glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor and additional binding partners. Thus far, functions of IL-30 have not been fully elucidated in human cells. We demonstrate that like IL-27, IL-30 upregulated TLR4 expression to enhance lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production in human monocytes; however, these IL-30-mediated activities did not reach the same levels of cytokine induction compared to IL-27. Interestingly, IL-30- and IL-27-mediated interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) production required WSX-1 engagement and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation; furthermore, IL-30 induced STAT phosphorylation after 16 h, whereas IL-27 induced STAT phosphorylation within 30 min. This prompted us to examine if a secondary mediator was required for IL-30-induced pro-inflammatory functions, and hence we examined IL-6-related molecules. Combined with inhibition of soluble IL-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) and data showing that IL-6 inhibited IL-30/IL-27-induced IP-10 expression, we demonstrate a role for sIL-6Rα and gp130 in IL-30-mediated activity in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mélissa K Mariani
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yawen Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Zamorano Cuervo N, Osseman Q, Grandvaux N. Virus Infection Triggers MAVS Polymers of Distinct Molecular Weight. Viruses 2018; 10:E56. [PMID: 29385716 PMCID: PMC5850363 DOI: 10.3390/v10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adaptor protein is a central signaling hub required for cells to mount an antiviral response following virus sensing by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors. MAVS localizes in the membrane of mitochondria and peroxisomes and in mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Structural and functional studies have revealed that MAVS activity relies on the formation of functional high molecular weight prion-like aggregates. The formation of protein aggregates typically relies on a dynamic transition between oligomerization and aggregation states. The existence of intermediate state(s) of MAVS polymers, other than aggregates, has not yet been documented. Here, we used a combination of non-reducing SDS-PAGE and semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) to resolve whole cell extract preparations to distinguish MAVS polymerization states. While SDD-AGE analysis of whole cell extracts revealed the formation of previously described high molecular weight prion-like aggregates upon constitutively active RIG-I ectopic expression and virus infection, non-reducing SDS-PAGE allowed us to demonstrate the induction of lower molecular weight oligomers. Cleavage of MAVS using the NS3/4A protease revealed that anchoring to intracellular membranes is required for the appropriate polymerization into active high molecular weight aggregates. Altogether, our data suggest that RIG-I-dependent MAVS activation involves the coexistence of MAVS polymers with distinct molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Quentin Osseman
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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17
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Planas D, Zhang Y, Monteiro P, Goulet JP, Gosselin A, Grandvaux N, Hope TJ, Fassati A, Routy JP, Ancuta P. HIV-1 selectively targets gut-homing CCR6+CD4+ T cells via mTOR-dependent mechanisms. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93230. [PMID: 28768913 PMCID: PMC5543920 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues are enriched in CCR6+ Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells that contribute to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). This raises the need for Th17-targeted immunotherapies. In an effort to identify mechanisms governing HIV-1 permissiveness/persistence in gut-homing Th17 cells, we analyzed the transcriptome of CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells exposed to the gut-homing inducer retinoic acid (RA) and performed functional validations in colon biopsies of HIV-infected individuals receiving ART (HIV+ART). Although both CCR6+ and CCR6- T cells acquired gut-homing markers upon RA exposure, the modulation of unique sets of genes coincided with preferential HIV-1 replication in RA-treated CCR6+ T cells. This molecular signature included the upregulation of HIV-dependency factors acting at entry/postentry levels, such as the CCR5 and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathways. Of note, mTOR expression/phosphorylation was distinctively induced by RA in CCR6+ T cells. Consistently, mTOR inhibitors counteracted the effect of RA on HIV replication in vitro and viral reactivation in CD4+ T cells from HIV+ART individuals via postentry mechanisms independent of CCR5. Finally, CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells infiltrating the colons of HIV+ART individuals expressed unique molecular signatures, including higher levels of CCR5, integrin β7, and mTOR phosphorylation. Together, our results identify mTOR as a druggable key regulator of HIV permissiveness in gut-homing CCR6+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Annie Gosselin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département of biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Research Institute and
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Williams V, Grosset AA, Zamorano Cuervo N, St-Pierre Y, Sylvestre MP, Gaboury L, Grandvaux N. Detection of IKKε by immunohistochemistry in primary breast cancer: association with EGFR expression and absence of lymph node metastasis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:356. [PMID: 28532474 PMCID: PMC5441089 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IKKε is an oncogenic kinase that was found amplified and overexpressed in a substantial percentage of human breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors using genomic and gene expression analyses. Molecular studies have provided the rational for a key implication of IKKε in breast cancer cells proliferation and invasiveness through the phosphorylation of several substrates. Methods Here, we performed immunohistochemical detection of IKKε expression on tissue microarrays constituted of 154 characterized human breast cancer tumors. We further determined the association with multiple clinicopathological parameters and 5-years overall, disease-free and distant disease free survival. Results We observed expression of IKKε in 60.4% of the breast cancer tumors. IKKε expression status showed no association with a panel of markers used for molecular classification of the tumors, including ER/PR/HER2 status, or with the molecular subtypes. However, IKKε expression was inversely associated with lymph node metastasis status (p = 0.0032). Additionally, we identified a novel association between IKKε and EGFR expression (p = 0.0011). Conclusions The unexpected observation of an inverse association between IKKε and lymph node metastasis advocates for larger scale immunohistochemical profiling of primary breast tumors to clarify the role of IKKε in metastasis. This study suggests that breast cancer tumors expressing EGFR and IKKε may be potential targets for drugs aiming at inhibiting IKKε activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Williams
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Grosset
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Qc H7V 1B7, Canada.,IRIC, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Qc H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Ecole de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- IRIC, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
The 1st Workshop of the Canadian Society for Virology (CSV2016) was a Special Workshop of the 35th Annual Meeting for the American Society for Virology, held on 18 June 2016 on the beautiful Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. The workshop provided a forum for discussion of recent advances in the field, in an informal setting conducive to interaction with colleagues. CSV2016 featured two internationally-renowned Canadian keynote speakers who discussed translational virology research; American Society for Virology President Grant McFadden (then from University of Florida, now relocated to Arizona State University) who presented his studies of oncolytic poxviruses, while Matthew Miller (McMaster University) reviewed the prospects for a universal influenza vaccine. The workshop also featured a variety of trainee oral and poster presentations, and a panel discussion on the topic of the future of the CSV and virus research in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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20
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Cervantes-Ortiz SL, Zamorano Cuervo N, Grandvaux N. Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cellular Stress Responses: Impact on Replication and Physiopathology. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050124. [PMID: 27187445 PMCID: PMC4885079 DOI: 10.3390/v8050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, elderly and immunocompromised adults. Despite decades of research, a complete integrated picture of RSV-host interaction is still missing. Several cellular responses to stress are involved in the host-response to many virus infections. The endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function leads to activation of the unfolded-protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. Formation of cytoplasmic stress granules containing translationally stalled mRNAs is a means to control protein translation. Production of reactive oxygen species is balanced by an antioxidant response to prevent oxidative stress and the resulting damages. In recent years, ongoing research has started to unveil specific regulatory interactions of RSV with these host cellular stress responses. Here, we discuss the latest findings regarding the mechanisms evolved by RSV to induce, subvert or manipulate the ER stress, the stress granule and oxidative stress responses. We summarize the evidence linking these stress responses with the regulation of RSV replication and the associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Cervantes-Ortiz
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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21
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Robitaille AC, Mariani MK, Fortin A, Grandvaux N. A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3. J Vis Exp 2016:e53723. [PMID: 26862747 DOI: 10.3791/53723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The IRF3 transcription factor is critical for the first line of defense against pathogens mainly through interferon β and antiviral gene expression. A detailed analysis of IRF3 activation is essential to understand how pathogens induce or evade the innate antiviral response. Distinct activated forms of IRF3 can be distinguished based on their phosphorylation and monomer vs dimer status. In vivo discrimination between the different activated species of IRF3 can be achieved through the separation of IRF3 phosphorylated forms based on their mobility shifts on SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the levels of IRF3 monomer and dimer can be monitored using non-denaturing electrophoresis. Here, we detail a procedure to reach the highest resolution to gain the most information regarding IRF3 activation status. This is achieved through the combination of a high resolution SDS-PAGE and a native-PAGE coupled to immunoblots using multiple total and phosphospecific antibodies. This experimental strategy constitutes an affordable and sensitive approach to acquire all the necessary information for a complete analysis of the phosphorylation-mediated activation of IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Robitaille
- CRCHUM - Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal
| | - Mélissa K Mariani
- CRCHUM - Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM - Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal;
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22
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Mukawera E, Chartier S, Williams V, Pagano PJ, Lapointe R, Grandvaux N. Redox-modulating agents target NOX2-dependent IKKε oncogenic kinase expression and proliferation in human breast cancer cell lines. Redox Biol 2015; 6:9-18. [PMID: 26177467 PMCID: PMC4511630 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a causative factor in carcinogenesis, but also in the development of resistance to current chemotherapies. The appropriate usage of redox-modulating compounds is limited by the lack of knowledge of their impact on specific molecular pathways. Increased levels of the IKKε kinase, as a result of gene amplification or aberrant expression, are observed in a substantial number of breast carcinomas. IKKε not only plays a key role in cell transformation and invasiveness, but also in the development of resistance to tamoxifen. Here, we studied the effect of in vitro treatment with the redox-modulating triphenylmethane dyes, Gentian Violet and Brilliant Green, and nitroxide Tempol on IKKε expression and cell proliferation in the human breast cancer epithelial cell lines exhibiting amplification of IKKε, MCF-7 and ZR75.1. We show that Gentian Violet, Brilliant Green and Tempol significantly decrease intracellular superoxide anion levels and inhibit IKKε expression and cell viability. Treatment with Gentian Violet and Brilliant Green was associated with a reduced cyclin D1 expression and activation of caspase 3 and/or 7. Tempol decreased cyclin D1 expression in both cell lines, while activation of caspase 7 was only observed in MCF-7 cells. Silencing of the superoxide-generating NOX2 NADPH oxidase expressed in breast cancer cells resulted in the significant reduction of IKKε expression. Taken together, our results suggest that redox-modulating compounds targeting NOX2 could present a particular therapeutic interest in combination therapy against breast carcinomas exhibiting IKKε amplification. IKKε kinase is amplified in MCF7 and ZR75.1 breast cancer cells. Brilliant Green, Gentian Violet and Tempol reduce superoxide levels in MCF7 and ZR75.1 cells. Brilliant Green, Gentian Violet and Tempol inhibit IKKε expression in MCF7 and ZR75.1 cells. IKKε overexpression in breast cancer cells is dependent on NOX2. Brilliant Green, Gentian Violet and Tempol reduce MCF7 and ZR75.1 cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espérance Mukawera
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9.
| | - Stefany Chartier
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9.
| | - Virginie Williams
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9; Institut Du Cancer, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9.
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
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23
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Grandvaux N, Guan X, Yoboua F, Zucchini N, Fink K, Doyon P, Martin L, Servant MJ, Chartier S. Sustained activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 during infection by paramyxoviruses requires MDA5. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:650-62. [PMID: 24800889 PMCID: PMC4846353 DOI: 10.1159/000360764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are the main cytosolic sensors of single-stranded RNA viruses, including paramyxoviruses, and are required to initiate a quick and robust innate antiviral response. Despite different ligand-binding properties, the consensus view is that RIG-I and MDA5 trigger common signal(s) to activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and NF-κB, and downstream antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Here, we performed a thorough analysis of the temporal involvement of RIG-I and MDA5 in the regulation of IRF-3 during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Based on specific RNA interference-mediated knockdown of RIG-I and MDA5 in A549 cells, we confirmed that RIG-I is critical for the initiation of IRF-3 phosphorylation, dimerization and downstream gene expression. On the other hand, our experiments yielded the first evidence that knockdown of MDA5 leads to early ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of active IRF-3. Conversely, ectopic expression of MDA5 prolonged RIG-I-induced IRF-3 activation. Altogether, we provide novel mechanistic insight into the temporal involvement of RIG-I and MDA5 in the innate antiviral response. While RIG-I is essential for initial IRF-3 activation, engagement of induced MDA5 is essential to prevent early degradation of IRF-3, thereby sustaining IRF-3-dependent antiviral gene expression. MDA5 plays a similar role during Sendai virus infection suggesting that this model is not restricted to RSV amongst paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Xiaochun Guan
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Fabrice Yoboua
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Nicolas Zucchini
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Karin Fink
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Priscilla Doyon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Lydie Martin
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Stéfany Chartier
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
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24
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Fink K, Martin L, Mukawera E, Chartier S, Deken XD, Brochiero E, Miot F, Grandvaux N. Erratum: IFNβ/TNFα synergism induces a non-canonical STAT2/IRF9-dependent pathway triggering a novel DUOX2 NADPH Oxidase-mediated airway antiviral response. Cell Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
Cytokine signaling is mediated by the combinatorial usage of seven STAT proteins that form homo- or heterodimers involved in the regulation of specific transcriptional programs. Among STATs, STAT2 is classically known to dimerize with STAT1 and together with IRF9 forms the ISGF3 transcription factor complex that has long been considered a hallmark of activation by type I and type III interferons. However, accumulating evidence reveal distinct facets of STAT2 and IRF9 activity mediated by the segregation in alternative STAT1-independent complexes/pathways that are thought to trigger different transcriptional programs. The goal of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of the stimuli, regulatory mechanisms, and function of these alternative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fink
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada ; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada ; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada
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26
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Marr N, Turvey SE, Grandvaux N. Pathogen recognition receptor crosstalk in respiratory syncytial virus sensing: a host and cell type perspective. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:568-74. [PMID: 24119913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children, immunocompromised adults, and the elderly. The innate immune response plays a pivotal role in host defense against RSV, but whether severe outcomes following RSV infection result from excessive or poor innate immune recognition remains unclear. Recent research suggests a situation in which crosstalk between families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) occurs in a cell type-dependent manner. The current challenge to empower novel therapeutic approaches and vaccine development is to confirm the role of the individual receptors in RSV pathogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Baril M, Es-Saad S, Chatel-Chaix L, Fink K, Pham T, Raymond VA, Audette K, Guenier AS, Duchaine J, Servant M, Bilodeau M, Cohen É, Grandvaux N, Lamarre D. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a new role of a WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway as negative regulator of virus-induced innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003416. [PMID: 23785285 PMCID: PMC3681753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new regulators of antiviral innate immunity, we completed the first genome-wide gene silencing screen assessing the transcriptional response at the interferon-β (IFNB1) promoter following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. We now report a novel link between WNT signaling pathway and the modulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR)-dependent innate immune responses. Here we show that secretion of WNT2B and WNT9B and stabilization of β-catenin (CTNNB1) upon virus infection negatively regulate expression of representative inducible genes IFNB1, IFIT1 and TNF in a CTNNB1-dependent effector mechanism. The antiviral response is drastically reduced by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors but restored in CTNNB1 knockdown cells. The findings confirm a novel regulation of antiviral innate immunity by a canonical-like WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway. The study identifies novel avenues for broad-spectrum antiviral targets and preventing immune-mediated diseases upon viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baril
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salwa Es-Saad
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karin Fink
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tram Pham
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie-Ann Raymond
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Audette
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Guenier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Duchaine
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Servant
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Cohen
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Lamarre
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Fink K, Martin L, Mukawera E, Chartier S, De Deken X, Brochiero E, Miot F, Grandvaux N. IFNβ/TNFα synergism induces a non-canonical STAT2/IRF9-dependent pathway triggering a novel DUOX2 NADPH oxidase-mediated airway antiviral response. Cell Res 2013; 23:673-90. [PMID: 23545780 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are key initial innate immune responders in the fight against respiratory viruses, primarily via the secretion of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines that act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to trigger the establishment of an antiviral state. It is currently thought that the early antiviral state in airway epithelial cells primarily relies on IFNβ secretion and the subsequent activation of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription factor complex, composed of STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9, which regulates the expression of a panoply of interferon-stimulated genes encoding proteins with antiviral activities. However, the specific pathways engaged by the synergistic action of different cytokines during viral infections, and the resulting physiological outcomes are still ill-defined. Here, we unveil a novel delayed antiviral response in the airways, which is initiated by the synergistic autocrine/paracrine action of IFNβ and TNFα, and signals through a non-canonical STAT2- and IRF9-dependent, but STAT1-independent cascade. This pathway ultimately leads to the late induction of the DUOX2 NADPH oxidase expression. Importantly, our study uncovers that the development of the antiviral state relies on DUOX2-dependent H2O2 production. Key antiviral pathways are often targeted by evasion strategies evolved by various pathogenic viruses. In this regard, the importance of the novel DUOX2-dependent antiviral pathway is further underlined by the observation that the human respiratory syncytial virus is able to subvert DUOX2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fink
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Chouinard F, Turcotte C, Guan X, Larose MC, Poirier S, Bouchard L, Provost V, Flamand L, Grandvaux N, Flamand N. 2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol- and arachidonic acid-stimulated neutrophils release antimicrobial effectors against E. coli, S. aureus, HSV-1, and RSV. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:267-76. [PMID: 23242611 PMCID: PMC4995105 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-AG is highly susceptible to its hydrolysis into AA, which activates neutrophils through de novo LTB(4) biosynthesis, independently of CB activation. In this study, we show that 2-AG and AA stimulate neutrophils to release antimicrobial effectors. Supernatants of neutrophils activated with nanomolar concentrations of 2-AG and AA indeed inhibited the infectivity of HSV-1 and RSV. Additionally, the supernatants of 2-AG- and AA-stimulated neutrophils strongly impaired the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This correlated with the release of a large amount (micrograms) of α-defensins, as well as a limited amount (nanograms) of LL-37. All the effects of AA and 2-AG mentioned above were prevented by inhibiting LTB(4) biosynthesis or by blocking BLT(1). Importantly, neither CB(2) receptor agonists nor antagonists could mimic nor prevent the effects of 2-AG, respectively. In fact, qPCR data show that contaminating eosinophils express ∼100-fold more CB(2) receptor mRNA than purified neutrophils, suggesting that CB(2) receptor expression by human neutrophils is limited and that contaminating eosinophils are likely responsible for the previously documented CB(2) expression by freshly isolated human neutrophils. The rapid conversion of 2-AG to AA and their subsequent metabolism into LTB(4) promote 2-AG and AA as multifunctional activators of neutrophils, mainly exerting their effects by activating the BLT(1). Considering that nanomolar concentrations of AA or 2-AG were sufficient to impair viral infectivity, this suggests potential physiological roles for 2-AG and AA as regulators of host defense in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chouinard
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Guan
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Chantal Larose
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Samuel Poirier
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Line Bouchard
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Véronique Provost
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUQ, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Québec City, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
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Zucchini N, Williams V, Grandvaux N. Individual interferon regulatory factor-3 thiol residues are not critical for its activation following virus infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:393-400. [PMID: 22817838 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 transcription factor plays a central role in the capacity of the host to mount an efficient innate antiviral immune defense, mainly through the regulation of type I Interferon genes. A tight regulation of IRF-3 is crucial for an adapted intensity and duration of the response. Redox-dependent processes are now well known to regulate signaling cascades. Recent reports have revealed that signaling molecules upstream of IRF-3, including the mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) and the TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) adaptors, are sensitive to redox regulation. In the present study, we assessed whether redox regulation of thiol residues contained in IRF-3, which are priviledged redox sensors, play a role in its regulation following Sendai virus infection, using a combination of mutation of Cysteine (Cys) residues into Alanine and thiols alkylation using N-ethyl maleimide. Alkylation of IRF-3 on Cys289 appears to destabilize IRF-3 dimer in vitro. However, a detailed analysis of IRF-3 phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear accumulation, and induction of target gene promoter in vivo led us to conclude that IRF-3 specific, individual Cys residues redox status does not play an essential role in its activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zucchini
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Lamarre D, Baril M, Es-Saad S, Chatel-Chaix L, Karin Fink KF, Audette K, Guenier1 AS, Germain MA, Duchaine J, Servant M, Grandvaux N. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a novel role of WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway in regulation of innate antiviral responses (67.7). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.67.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To identify new regulators of innate antiviral immunity, we completed the first genome-wide gene silencing screen assessing the transcriptional response at the interferon-β gene (IFNB1) promoter following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. We identified 237 potential modulator genes for which negative or positive actions of gene products were mapped to the different steps of the antiviral responses from virus sensing, signal propagation/amplification up to the feedback regulation. In the present study, we will report on specific proteins that promote IFNB1 expression and innate antiviral response. The functional genomics screen uncovers a novel link between WNT family members and innate antiviral immunity. We show that virus-induced secretion of WNT2B and WNT9B down regulates IFNB1 and ISG56 expression in a β-catenin (CTNNB1)-dependent mechanism. The antiviral response is drastically reduced by GSK3 inhibitors but completely restored in CTNNB1 knockdown cells. The findings confirm a novel regulation of the innate antiviral response by a canonical WNT/GSK3/CTNNB1 pathway in a negative feedback mechanism. The study identifies novel avenues for therapeutically regulating innate immunity for effective treatment of viral infection and prevention of excessive response in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Baril
- 1Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salwa Es-Saad
- 1Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Duchaine
- 1Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Servant
- 3Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Jouan L, Chatel-Chaix L, Melançon P, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Raymond VA, Selliah S, Bilodeau M, Grandvaux N, Lamarre D. Targeted impairment of innate antiviral responses in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients. J Hepatol 2012; 56:70-7. [PMID: 21835140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Innate sensing of viral infection activates a global defense response including type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. We previously reported that HCV NS3/4A protease, an essential protein in viral polyprotein processing, can abrogate antiviral signaling pathways and effectors' response when ectopically expressed in human hepatocytes by cleaving antiviral adaptor CARDIF. However, whether HCV mediates evasion of innate immunity in patients with chronic infection remains unclear. METHODS In this study, paired liver biopsies and corresponding purified hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis C patients and controls were subjected to transcriptional analysis of selected innate immune genes and to CARDIF protein detection. RESULTS We report that an antiviral response is largely supported by infected hepatocytes as demonstrated by upregulation of the representative antiviral genes ISG15, ISG56, and OASL as well as chemokines genes CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 measured in both HCV-derived liver biopsies and hepatocytes; that the mRNA levels of these indicator ISGs correlate inversely with HCV RNA level; and more importantly that expression of the early responsive IRF3-dependent genes type I IFNβ, type III IL28A/IL29, and chemokine CCL5 are severely compromised and associated to a global decrease of CARDIF adaptor in infected hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether the data argue for a strong viral strategy that counteracts the host's early antiviral response of hepatocytes from chronic patients without impairing ISGs induced via classical IFN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Jouan
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
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Maillé E, Trinh NTN, Privé A, Bilodeau C, Bissonnette É, Grandvaux N, Brochiero E. Regulation of normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial repair processes by TNF-α after injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L945-55. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection and inflammation have been associated with progressive airway epithelial damage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the effect of inflammatory products on the repair capacity of respiratory epithelia is unclear. Our objective was to study the regulation of repair mechanisms by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major component of inflammation in CF, in a model of mechanical wounding, in two bronchial cell lines, non-CF NuLi and CF CuFi. We observed that TNF-α enhanced the NuLi and CuFi repair rates. Chronic exposure (24–48 h) to TNF-α augmented this stimulation as well as the migration rate during repair. The cellular mechanisms involved in this stimulation were then evaluated. First, we discerned that TNF-α induced metalloproteinase-9 release, epidermal growth factor (EGF) shedding, and subsequent EGF receptor transactivation. Second, TNF-α-induced stimulation of the NuLi and CuFi wound-closure rates was prevented by GM6001 (metalloproteinase inhibitor), EGF antibody (to titrate secreted EGF), and EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, we recently reported a relationship between the EGF response and K+channel function, both controlling bronchial repair. We now show that TNF-α enhances KvLQT1 and KATPcurrents, while their inhibition abolishes TNF-α-induced repair stimulation. These results indicate that the effect of TNF-α is mediated, at least in part, through EGF receptor transactivation and K+channel stimulation. In contrast, cell proliferation during repair was slowed by TNF-α, suggesting that TNF-α could exert contrasting actions on repair mechanisms of CF airway epithelia. Finally, the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on airway wound repair was confirmed on primary airway epithelial cells, from non-CF and CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Maillé
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
- Département de médecine and
| | - Nguyen Thu Ngan Trinh
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
- Département de médecine and
| | - Anik Privé
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
| | - Claudia Bilodeau
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
| | - Élyse Bissonnette
- Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal; and
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)—Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal
- Département de médecine and
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Grandvaux N, Yoboua F, Guan J, Mukawera E, Fink K. PS2-004. Non-redundant role of RIG-I and MDA5 in IRF-3 activation. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Touil H, Monteiro P, Gosselin A, Wacleche V, Cleret-Buhot A, Grandvaux N, Ancuta P. PS2-109. Differential ability of intestinal and alveolar epithelial cells to respond to IL-17: Relevance for HIV-1 pathogenesis. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Monteiro P, Gosselin A, Wacleche VS, El-Far M, Said EA, Kared H, Grandvaux N, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Ancuta P. Memory CCR6+CD4+T Cells Are Preferential Targets for Productive HIV Type 1 Infection Regardless of Their Expression of Integrin β7. J I 2011; 186:4618-30. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Giovannini-Chami L, Grandvaux N, Zaragosi LE, Robbe-Sermesant K, Marcet B, Cardinaud B, Coraux C, Berthiaume Y, Waldmann R, Mari B, Barbry P. Impact of microRNA in normal and pathological respiratory epithelia. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 741:171-91. [PMID: 21594785 PMCID: PMC7121186 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-117-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive sequencing efforts, combined with ad hoc bioinformatics developments, have now led to the identification of 1222 distinct miRNAs in human (derived from 1368 distinct genomic loci) and of many miRNAs in other multicellular organisms. The present chapter is aimed at describing a general experimental strategy to identify specific miRNA expression profiles and to highlight the functional networks operating between them and their mRNA targets, including several miRNAs deregulated in cystic fibrosis and during differentiation of airway epithelial cells.
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Yoboua F, Martel A, Duval A, Mukawera E, Grandvaux N. Respiratory syncytial virus-mediated NF-kappa B p65 phosphorylation at serine 536 is dependent on RIG-I, TRAF6, and IKK beta. J Virol 2010; 84:7267-77. [PMID: 20410276 PMCID: PMC2898247 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00142-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the etiological agent of acute respiratory diseases, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways in response to RSV is an important pillar in the development of these pathologies. As such, a keen understanding of the mechanisms that modulate the inflammatory response during RSV infection is of pivotal importance to developing effective treatment. The NF-kappaB transcription factor is a major regulator of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. However, RSV-mediated activation of NF-kappaB is far from characterized. We recently demonstrated that aside from the well-characterized IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, the phosphorylation of p65 at Ser536 is an essential event regulating the RSV-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent promoter transactivation. In the present study, using small interfering RNA and pharmacological inhibitors, we now demonstrate that RSV sensing by the RIG-I cytoplasmic receptor triggers a signaling cascade involving the MAVS and TRAF6 adaptors that ultimately leads to p65ser536 phosphorylation by the IKKbeta kinase. In a previous study, we highlighted a critical role of the NOX2-containing NADPH oxidase enzyme as an upstream regulator of both the IkappaBalphaSer32 and p65Ser536 in human airway epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of NOX2 significantly decreases IKKbeta activation. Taken together, our data identify a new RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF6/IKKbeta/p65Ser536 pathway placed under the control of NOX2, thus characterizing a novel regulatory pathway involved in NF-kappaB-driven proinflammatory response in the context of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Yoboua
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 1P1, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexis Martel
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 1P1, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Annick Duval
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 1P1, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Espérance Mukawera
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 1P1, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 1P1, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Soucy-Faulkner A, Mukawera E, Fink K, Martel A, Jouan L, Nzengue Y, Lamarre D, Vande Velde C, Grandvaux N. Requirement of NOX2 and reactive oxygen species for efficient RIG-I-mediated antiviral response through regulation of MAVS expression. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000930. [PMID: 20532218 PMCID: PMC2880583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is essential to the host defense against viruses, through restriction of virus replication and coordination of the adaptive immune response. Induction of antiviral genes is a tightly regulated process initiated mainly through sensing of invading virus nucleic acids in the cytoplasm by RIG-I like helicases, RIG-I or Mda5, which transmit the signal through a common mitochondria-associated adaptor, MAVS. Although major breakthroughs have recently been made, much remains unknown about the mechanisms that translate virus recognition into antiviral genes expression. Beside the reputed detrimental role, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as modulators of cellular signaling and gene regulation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes are a main source of deliberate cellular ROS production. Here, we found that NOX2 and ROS are required for the host cell to trigger an efficient RIG-I-mediated IRF-3 activation and downstream antiviral IFNbeta and IFIT1 gene expression. Additionally, we provide evidence that NOX2 is critical for the expression of the central mitochondria-associated adaptor MAVS. Taken together these data reveal a new facet to the regulation of the innate host defense against viruses through the identification of an unrecognized role of NOX2 and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Soucy-Faulkner
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Espérance Mukawera
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karin Fink
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Martel
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Loubna Jouan
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Nzengue
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Lamarre
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Jouan L, Melançon P, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Raymond VA, Selliah S, Boucher G, Bilodeau M, Grandvaux N, Lamarre D. Distinct antiviral signaling pathways in primary human hepatocytes and their differential disruption by HCV NS3 protease. J Hepatol 2010; 52:167-75. [PMID: 20006398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Molecular sensors recognize viral nucleic acids and initiate events that subsequently enable cells to control and clear infection. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) can interfere with the innate host response and the NS3/4A protease was reported to specifically block antiviral signaling pathways, a finding that had yet to be studied in human primary hepatocytes. METHODS Freshly isolated human primary hepatocytes, transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing HCV NS3/4A were stimulated with extracellular and intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the innate immune antiviral genes were quantified by quantitative PCR and microarrays analysis. RESULTS We demonstrate that sensing receptors of human hepatocytes in primary cultures are stimulated following recognition of either mode of dsRNA delivery, inducing transcriptional up-regulation (over 100-fold) of multiple immune genes, either selectively or independently of recognition pathways. We also report that the intracellular dsRNA-activated innate response is severely compromised upon ectopic expression of the HCV NS3/4A protease gene in normal human primary hepatocytes, and completely restored by treatment with the NS3/4A protease specific inhibitor BILN2061. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that NS3/4A has a wider protease-dependent effect on the intracellular Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PRR)-mediated immune response than on its extracellular counterpart, which underlies the major role of cytosolic dsRNA receptors in HCV recognition by primary human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Jouan
- Laboratoire d'immunologie virale, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264 René Levesque-Est, PEA 312, Québec, Canada
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42
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Grandvaux N, Soucy-Faulkner A, Fink K, Martel A, Jouan L, Lamarre D, Mukawera E. Essential regulatory role of NOX2 in RIG-I-mediated innate immune responses. Cytokine 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Grandvaux N, Fink K, Martel A, Soucy-Faulkner A, Duval A. 289 NOX2: A novel regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production in response to respiratory virus infections. Cytokine 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Fink K, Duval A, Martel A, Soucy-Faulkner A, Grandvaux N. Dual role of NOX2 in respiratory syncytial virus- and sendai virus-induced activation of NF-kappaB in airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:6911-22. [PMID: 18453612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is the most important viral agent of pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide. Human airway epithelial cells (AEC) are the primary targets of RSV. AEC are responsible for the secretion of a wide spectrum of cytokines and chemokines that are important mediators of the exacerbated airway inflammation triggered by the host in response to RSV infection. NF-kappaB is a key transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cytokine and chemokine gene expression and thus represents a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, we sought to delineate the role of RSV-induced reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the signaling pathways leading to NF-kappaB activation. First, we demonstrate that besides the well-characterized IkappaBalpha-dependent pathway, phosphorylation of p65 at Ser(536) is an essential event regulating NF-kappaB activation in response to RSV in A549. Using antioxidant and RNA-interference strategies, we show that a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-containing NADPH oxidase is an essential regulator of RSV-induced NF-kappaB activation. Molecular analyses revealed that NOX2 acts upstream of both the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at Ser(32) and of p65 at Ser(536) in A549 and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Similar results were obtained in the context of infection by Sendai virus, thus demonstrating that the newly identified NOX2-dependent NF-kappaB activation pathway is not restricted to RSV among the Paramyxoviridae. These results illustrate a previously unrecognized dual role of NOX2 in the regulation of NF-kappaB in response to RSV and Sendai virus in human AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fink
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center- St-Luc Hospital and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 743, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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45
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Cloutier N, Grandvaux N, Flamand L. Synergistic activation of interferon-beta gene transcription by the viral FLICE inhibitory protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and type I IFN activators. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2772-8. [PMID: 17899551 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expression of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus v-FLIP leads to the spindle-shape morphology of endothelial cells and is essential for the survival of primary effusion lymphoma cells. Activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor by v-FLIP is responsible for these effects. Considering that the interferon-beta (ifn-beta) gene is regulated partly through NF-kappaB, we sought to determine whether v-FLIP would activate the expression of the ifn-beta gene. Our results indicate that when v-FLIP is expressed by itself it has no effect on ifn-beta gene activation but when it is combined with known IFN-beta inducers, a synergistic activation of the ifn-beta gene occurs. This effect is strictly dependent on NF-kappaB and is mediated through the positive regulatory domain II of the IFN-beta promoter. Furthermore, we report that protection from Fas-induced cell-death by v-FLIP is observed whether or not the type I IFN signaling pathway is activated. Our work therefore contributes to increase our knowledge on v-FLIP, highlighting the complex immunomodulatory properties of this anti-apoptotic viral protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cloutier
- Laboratory of Virology, Rheumatology and Immunology Research Center, CHUL Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Lezin A, Gillet N, Olindo S, Signaté A, Grandvaux N, Verlaeten O, Belrose G, de Carvalho Bittencourt M, Hiscott J, Asquith B, Burny A, Smadja D, Césaire R, Willems L. Histone deacetylase mediated transcriptional activation reduces proviral loads in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients. Blood 2007; 110:3722-8. [PMID: 17717136 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-04-085076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of chromatin may play a role in maintaining viral latency and thus persistence of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is responsible for HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A major determinant of disease progression is increased peripheral blood proviral load (PVL), possibly via the accumulation of infected cells in the central nervous system (CNS) creating a damaging inflammatory response. Current therapeutic approaches that focus on reducing either cell proliferation, viral replication, or tissue invasion are still unsatisfactory. Contrasting with these inhibitory strategies, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel approach aimed, paradoxically, at activating viral gene expression to expose virus-positive cells to the host immune response. We used valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been used for decades as a chronic, safe treatment for epileptic disorders. Based on in vitro and in vivo data, we provide evidence that transient activation of the latent viral reservoir causes its collapse, a process that may alleviate the condition of HAM/TSP. This represents the first such approach to treating HAM/TSP, using gene activation therapy to tilt the host-pathogen balance in favor of an existing antiviral response. This trial is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/as no. NCT00519181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Lezin
- Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie and Jeune Equipe (JE) 2503, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort-de-France, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
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Lefort S, Soucy-Faulkner A, Grandvaux N, Flamand L. Binding of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K-bZIP to interferon-responsive factor 3 elements modulates antiviral gene expression. J Virol 2007; 81:10950-60. [PMID: 17652396 PMCID: PMC2045525 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00183-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes numerous regulatory proteins capable of modulating viral and cellular gene expression and affecting host cell functions. K-bZIP, a leucine zipper-containing transcription factor encoded by ORFK8, is one such protein. During infection, transcription of the ORFK8 early gene is turned on by the immediate-early replication and transcription factor activator (RTA). One described function of the K-bZIP nuclear protein is to interact with and repress RTA-mediated transactivation of viral promoters, including that of the K8 gene. In the present work, we provide evidence that the expression of K-bZIP results in the activation of the ifn-beta gene. Of interest, ifn-beta gene activation by K-bZIP is independent of interferon (IFN)-responsive factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Using a DNA binding affinity assay and electromobility shift assay, we report that K-bZIP binds efficiently to the PRDIII-I region of the beta IFN (IFN-beta) promoter, and, in doing so, it prevents the attachment of activated IRF-3 but not that of NF-kappaB or ATF2/c-Jun to the IFN-beta promoter sequence. As a consequence, ifn-beta gene activation in response to IFN inducers such as Sendai virus infection or expression of retinoic acid-inducible gene I, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, or TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK-1) is severely impaired (>90%) by the presence of K-bZIP. K-bZIP also prevents the activation of RANTES and CXCL11, whose promoters are also regulated by IRF-3. Lysine 158 (target for SUMO conjugation), threonine 111, and serine 167 (targets for phosphorylation) mutants of K-bZIP were equally effective as wild-type K-bZIP in mediating the repression of TBK-1-activated ifn-beta gene expression. Lastly, the overexpression of CREB binding protein could not reverse the K-bZIP repression of TBK-1-activated ifn-beta gene expression. In all, our results indicate that K-bZIP binds directly to the PRDIII-I region of the IFN-beta promoter and, as a consequence, causes a low level of ifn-beta gene transcription. In doing so, K-bZIP prevents IRF-3 from binding to the IFN-beta promoter and precludes the formation of the enhanceosome, which is required for maximal ifn-beta gene transcription. A new role for K-bZIP as a protein involved in immune evasion is therefore uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lefort
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Center, Room T1-49, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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48
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Jaworska J, Gravel A, Fink K, Grandvaux N, Flamand L. Inhibition of transcription of the beta interferon gene by the human herpesvirus 6 immediate-early 1 protein. J Virol 2007; 81:5737-48. [PMID: 17376932 PMCID: PMC1900312 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02443-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHV) are stealth pathogens possessing several decoy or immune system evasion mechanisms favoring their persistence within the infected host. Of these viruses, HHV-6 is among the most successful human parasites, establishing lifelong infections in nearly 100% of individuals around the world. To better understand this host-pathogen relationship, we determined whether HHV-6 could interfere with the development of the innate antiviral response by affecting interferon (IFN) biosynthesis. Using inducible cell lines and transient transfection assays, we have identified the immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein as a potent inhibitor of IFN-beta gene expression. IE1 proteins from both HHV-6 variants were capable of suppressing IFN-beta gene induction. IE1 prevents IFN-beta gene expression triggered by Sendai virus infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and dsDNA transfection, or the ectopic expression of IFN-beta gene activators such as retinoic inducible gene I protein, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, TBK-1, IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). While the stability of IFN-beta mRNA is not affected, IE1-expressing cells have reduced levels of dimerized IRF3 and nucleus-translocated IRF3 in response to activation by TBK-1 or IKKepsilon. Using nuclear extracts and gel shift experiments, we could demonstrate that in the presence of IE1, IRF3 does not bind efficiently to the IFN-beta promoter sequence. Overall, these results indicate that the IE1 protein of HHV-6, one of the first viral proteins synthesized upon viral entry, is a potent suppressor of IFN-beta gene induction and likely contributes to favor the establishment of and successful infection of cells with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Center, Room T1-49, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
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49
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the capacity of non-phagocytic cells to produce superoxide has been largely documented. As in the case of the well-characterized phagocytic cells context, superoxide formation in non-phagocytic cells depends on the activity of membrane bound NADPH oxidase enzymes. Six mammalian homologues of the classical phagocytic Nox2 enzyme have been described to date, named Nox1, Nox3, Nox4, Nox5, Duox1 and Duox2, which exhibit similar and specific structure and regulation features. Their biological functions are still poorly understood and were initially mostly deduced from their specific tissue expression profiles. However, recent functional data have emerged that suggest the involvement of several of these isoforms in the innate host response to invading microorganisms, including innate immune and proinflammatory responses. Nox2 is well characterized as a key player in the bacterial killing process that takes place in phagocytes. Here, we will discuss the recent advances that revealed alternative roles of Nox1, Nox4, Duox1 and Duox2 isoforms in other aspects of the innate host defense. In particular, we will focus on their implication in the signaling following pathogen recognition by toll like receptors and in the modulation of dendritic cell functions, two key aspects of innate immunity. Moreover, the potential role of Nox/Duox enzymes in the innate response to virus infections will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grandvaux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Unite INSERM U743, Centre de recherche du CHUM-Hôpital St Luc, University of Montreal, 264 Rene Levesque-est, PEA 311, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 1P1.
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50
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Solis M, Romieu-Mourez R, Goubau D, Grandvaux N, Mesplede T, Julkunen I, Nardin A, Salcedo M, Hiscott J. Involvement of TBK1 and IKKepsilon in lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the interferon response in primary human macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:528-39. [PMID: 17236232 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is an important effector of the innate immune response, induced by different viral or bacterial components through Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In human macrophages and macrophage-activated killer cells, we demonstrate that (i) the type I IFN response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is weak compared to the host response to virus infection; (ii) there is a temporal difference in the induction of tank-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and IkappaB kinase (IKK)-related kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase activities in response to LPS, with TBK1 activated early and IKKepsilon induced in the late phase of IFN induction; and (iii) interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-7 is induced following LPS treatment, but there is no evidence that IRF-7 becomes activated by phosphorylation in vivo. Specifically, TBK1 kinase activity is rapidly increased after LPS stimulation (15 min) whereas IKKepsilon activation occurs at 8 h. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of TBK1 and IKKepsilon expression in macrophages interfere with IFNB and IRF7 gene expression following LPS activation. Macrophage priming with rIFN-alpha increased IRF-7 expression, led to a sharp up-regulation of the IFNB gene and to a rapid induction of IFNA2 upon LPS stimulation. These data support a differential role of TBK1 and IKKepsilon in the downstream response mediated by IRF-3 and IRF-7 to LPS in primary human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Solis
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QE, Canada
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