1
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Guo P, Lim RC, Rajawasam K, Trinh T, Sun H, Zhang H. A methylation-phosphorylation switch controls EZH2 stability and hematopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86168. [PMID: 38346162 PMCID: PMC10901513 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) methylates H3K27 to regulate development and cell fate by transcriptional silencing. Alteration of PRC2 is associated with various cancers. Here, we show that mouse Kdm1a deletion causes a dramatic reduction of PRC2 proteins, whereas mouse null mutation of L3mbtl3 or Dcaf5 results in PRC2 accumulation and increased H3K27 trimethylation. The catalytic subunit of PRC2, EZH2, is methylated at lysine 20 (K20), promoting EZH2 proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and the CLR4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. KDM1A (LSD1) demethylates the methylated K20 to stabilize EZH2. K20 methylation is inhibited by AKT-mediated phosphorylation of serine 21 in EZH2. Mouse Ezh2K20R/K20R mutants develop hepatosplenomegaly associated with high GFI1B expression, and Ezh2K20R/K20R mutant bone marrows expand hematopoietic stem cells and downstream hematopoietic populations. Our studies reveal that EZH2 is regulated by methylation-dependent proteolysis, which is negatively controlled by AKT-mediated S21 phosphorylation to establish a methylation-phosphorylation switch to regulate the PRC2 activity and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Rebecca C Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Keshari Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Tiffany Trinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
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2
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Aging and Age-Related Epigenetic Drift in the Pathogenesis of Leukemia and Lymphomas: New Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2023; 12:2392. [PMID: 37830606 PMCID: PMC10572300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the traits of cancer cells is abnormal DNA methylation patterns. The idea that age-related epigenetic changes may partially explain the increased risk of cancer in the elderly is based on the observation that aging is also accompanied by comparable changes in epigenetic patterns. Lineage bias and decreased stem cell function are signs of hematopoietic stem cell compartment aging. Additionally, aging in the hematopoietic system and the stem cell niche have a role in hematopoietic stem cell phenotypes linked with age, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Understanding these changes will open up promising pathways for therapies against age-related disorders because epigenetic mechanisms are reversible. Additionally, the development of high-throughput epigenome mapping technologies will make it possible to identify the "epigenomic identity card" of every hematological disease as well as every patient, opening up the possibility of finding novel molecular biomarkers that can be used for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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3
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Silvério-Alves R, Kurochkin I, Rydström A, Vazquez Echegaray C, Haider J, Nicholls M, Rode C, Thelaus L, Lindgren AY, Ferreira AG, Brandão R, Larsson J, de Bruijn MFTR, Martin-Gonzalez J, Pereira CF. GATA2 mitotic bookmarking is required for definitive haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4645. [PMID: 37580379 PMCID: PMC10425459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In mitosis, most transcription factors detach from chromatin, but some are retained and bookmark genomic sites. Mitotic bookmarking has been implicated in lineage inheritance, pluripotency and reprogramming. However, the biological significance of this mechanism in vivo remains unclear. Here, we address mitotic retention of the hemogenic factors GATA2, GFI1B and FOS during haematopoietic specification. We show that GATA2 remains bound to chromatin throughout mitosis, in contrast to GFI1B and FOS, via C-terminal zinc finger-mediated DNA binding. GATA2 bookmarks a subset of its interphase targets that are co-enriched for RUNX1 and other regulators of definitive haematopoiesis. Remarkably, homozygous mice harbouring the cyclin B1 mitosis degradation domain upstream Gata2 partially phenocopy knockout mice. Degradation of GATA2 at mitotic exit abolishes definitive haematopoiesis at aorta-gonad-mesonephros, placenta and foetal liver, but does not impair yolk sac haematopoiesis. Our findings implicate GATA2-mediated mitotic bookmarking as critical for definitive haematopoiesis and highlight a dependency on bookmarkers for lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silvério-Alves
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydström
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haider
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthew Nicholls
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Rode
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Thelaus
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter Lindgren
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Ferreira
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael Brandão
- Core Facility for Transgenic Mice, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Martin-Gonzalez
- Core Facility for Transgenic Mice, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Benyoucef A, Haigh JJ, Brand M. Unveiling the complexity of transcription factor networks in hematopoietic stem cells: implications for cell therapy and hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151343. [PMID: 37441426 PMCID: PMC10333584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionality and longevity of hematopoietic tissue is ensured by a tightly controlled balance between self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the many different blood lineages. Cell fate determination in HSCs is influenced by signals from extrinsic factors (e.g., cytokines, irradiation, reactive oxygen species, O2 concentration) that are translated and integrated by intrinsic factors such as Transcription Factors (TFs) to establish specific gene regulatory programs. TFs also play a central role in the establishment and/or maintenance of hematological malignancies, highlighting the need to understand their functions in multiple contexts. TFs bind to specific DNA sequences and interact with each other to form transcriptional complexes that directly or indirectly control the expression of multiple genes. Over the past decades, significant research efforts have unraveled molecular programs that control HSC function. This, in turn, led to the identification of more than 50 TF proteins that influence HSC fate. However, much remains to be learned about how these proteins interact to form molecular networks in combination with cofactors (e.g. epigenetics factors) and how they control differentiation, expansion, and maintenance of cellular identity. Understanding these processes is critical for future applications particularly in the field of cell therapy, as this would allow for manipulation of cell fate and induction of expansion, differentiation, or reprogramming of HSCs using specific cocktails of TFs. Here, we review recent findings that have unraveled the complexity of molecular networks controlled by TFs in HSCs and point towards possible applications to obtain functional HSCs ex vivo for therapeutic purposes including hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and prospects for the derivation and expansion of functional adult HSCs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissa Benyoucef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Peng H, Lin Y, Hu F, Lv C, Wu B, Weng Q, Liu L, Xia C, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Geng Y, Zhang M, Wang J. Prolonged generation of multi-lineage blood cells in wild-type animals from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:720-735. [PMID: 36801005 PMCID: PMC10031304 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerating prolonged multi-lineage hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), an unlimited cell source, is a crucial aim of regenerative hematology. In this study, we used a gene-edited PSC line and revealed that simultaneous expression of three transcription factors, Runx1, Hoxa9, and Hoxa10, drove the robust emergence of induced hematopoietic progenitor cells (iHPCs). The iHPCs engrafted successfully in wild-type animals and repopulated abundant and complete myeloid-, B-, and T-lineage mature cells. The generative multi-lineage hematopoiesis distributed normally in multiple organs, persisted over 6 months, and eventually declined over time with no leukemogenesis. Transcriptome characterization of generative myeloid, B, and T cells at the single-cell resolution further projected their identities to natural cell counterparts. Thus, we provide evidence that co-expression of exogenous Runx1, Hoxa9, and Hoxa10 simultaneously leads to long-term reconstitution of myeloid, B, and T lineages using PSC-derived iHPCs as the cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangxiao Hu
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cui Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bingyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qitong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengxiang Xia
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100083, China.
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6
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Carpenter KA, Thurlow KE, Craig SEL, Grainger S. Wnt regulation of hematopoietic stem cell development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:255-279. [PMID: 36967197 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all cells of the blood and most immune cells. Due to their capacity for unlimited self-renewal, long-term HSCs replenish the blood and immune cells of an organism throughout its life. HSC development, maintenance, and differentiation are all tightly regulated by cell signaling pathways, including the Wnt pathway. Wnt signaling is initiated extracellularly by secreted ligands which bind to cell surface receptors and give rise to several different downstream signaling cascades. These are classically categorized either β-catenin dependent (BCD) or β-catenin independent (BCI) signaling, depending on their reliance on the β-catenin transcriptional activator. HSC development, homeostasis, and differentiation is influenced by both BCD and BCI, with a high degree of sensitivity to the timing and dosage of Wnt signaling. Importantly, dysregulated Wnt signals can result in hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Here, we review how Wnt signaling impacts HSCs during development and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Kate E Thurlow
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Van Andel Institute Graduate School, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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7
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Li Z, Yang L. Current status of producing autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103377. [PMID: 36638755 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation is an established therapy for many diseases of the hematopoietic system, for example aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With the development of the HSCs research, HSCs provide an attractive method for treating hereditary blood disorders and immunotherapy of cancer by introducing gene modification. Compared with allogenic HSCs transplantation, using autologous HSCs or HSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would eliminate the probability of alloimmunization and transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases. The methods for obtaining autologous HSCs include amplifying patients' HSCs or inducing patients' somatic cells to HSCs (graph abstract). However, the biggest problem is inducing HSCs to proliferate in vitro and maintaining their stemness at the same time. Although many tests have been made to transform iPSCs to HSCs, the artificially generated HSCs still have substantial disparity compared with physiological HSCs. This review summarized the application status and obstacles to implantation of autologous HSCs and iPSC-derived HSCs. Meanwhile, we summarized the latest research progress in HSCs amplification and iPSCs reprogramming methods, which will help to solve the problems mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
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8
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Larcombe MR, Hsu S, Polo JM, Knaupp AS. Indirect Mechanisms of Transcription Factor-Mediated Gene Regulation during Cell Fate Changes. Adv Genet (Hoboken) 2022; 3:2200015. [PMID: 36911290 PMCID: PMC9993476 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are the master regulators of cellular identity, capable of driving cell fate transitions including differentiations, reprogramming, and transdifferentiations. Pioneer TFs recognize partial motifs exposed on nucleosomal DNA, allowing for TF-mediated activation of repressed chromatin. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that certain TFs can repress actively expressed genes either directly through interactions with accessible regulatory elements or indirectly through mechanisms that impact the expression, activity, or localization of other regulatory factors. Recent evidence suggests that during reprogramming, the reprogramming TFs initiate opening of chromatin regions rich in somatic TF motifs that are inaccessible in the initial and final cellular states. It is postulated that analogous to a sponge, these transiently accessible regions "soak up" somatic TFs, hence lowering the initial barriers to cell fate changes. This indirect TF-mediated gene regulation event, which is aptly named the "sponge effect," may play an essential role in the silencing of the somatic transcriptional network during different cellular conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Larcombe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Sheng Hsu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Anja S. Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
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9
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Bigas A, Galán Palma L, Kartha GM, Giorgetti A. Using Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1123-1134. [PMID: 36398586 PMCID: PMC9672852 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades have passed since the generation of the first embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines both in mice and in humans. Since then, stem cell biologists have tried to understand their potential biological and clinical uses for their implementation in regenerative medicine. The hematopoietic field was a pioneer in establishing the potential use for the development of blood cell products and clinical applications; however, early expectations have been truncated by the difficulty in generating bonafide hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Despite some progress in understanding the origin of HSCs during embryonic development, the reproduction of this process in vitro is still not possible, but the knowledge acquired in the embryo is slowly being implemented for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In contrast, ESC-derived hematopoietic cells may recapitulate some leukemic transformation processes when exposed to oncogenic drivers. This would be especially useful to model prenatal leukemia development or other leukemia-predisposing syndromes, which are difficult to study. In this review, we will review the state of the art of the use of PSCs as a model for hematopoietic and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Galán Palma
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gayathri M Kartha
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Lei C, Sun R, Xu G, Tan Y, Feng W, McClain CJ, Deng Z. Enteric VIP-producing neurons maintain gut microbiota homeostasis through regulating epithelium fucosylation. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1417-1434.e8. [PMID: 36150396 PMCID: PMC9588764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal epithelium are thought to play a vital role in intestinal homeostasis. How the ENS monitors the frontier with commensal and pathogenic microbes while maintaining epithelial function remains unclear. Here, by combining subdiaphragmatic vagotomy with transcriptomics, chemogenetic strategy, and coculture of enteric neuron-intestinal organoid, we show that enteric neurons expressing VIP shape the α1,2-fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Mechanistically, neuropeptide VIP activates fut2 expression via the Erk1/2-c-Fos pathway through the VIPR1 receptor on IECs. We further demonstrate that perturbation of enteric neurons leads to gut dysbiosis through α1,2-fucosylation in the steady state and results in increased susceptibility to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This was attributed to an imbalance between beneficial Bifidobacterium and opportunistic pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis in ALD. In addition, Bifidobacterium α1,2-fucosidase may promote Bifidobacterium adhesion to the mucosal surface, which restricts Enterococcus faecalis overgrowth and prevents ALD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Central Laboratory and Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Guangzhong Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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11
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Porras DP, Reid JC, Tanasijevic B, Golubeva D, Boyd AL, Bhatia M. Challenges in Cell Fate Acquisition to Scid-Repopulating Activity from Hemogenic Endothelium of hiPSCs Derived from AML Patients Using Forced Transcription Factor Expression. Cells 2022; 11:1915. [PMID: 35741044 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represents a major goal in regenerative medicine and is believed would follow principles of early development. HSCs arise from a type of endothelial cell called a “hemogenic endothelium” (HE), and human HSCs are experimentally detected by transplantation into SCID or other immune-deficient mouse recipients, termed SCID-Repopulating Cells (SRC). Recently, SRCs were detected by forced expression of seven transcription factors (TF) (ERG, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10, LCOR, RUNX1, and SPI1) in hPSC-derived HE, suggesting these factors are deficient in hPSC differentiation to HEs required to generate HSCs. Here we derived PECAM-1-, Flk-1-, and VE-cadherin-positive endothelial cells that also lack CD45 expression (PFVCD45−) which are solely responsible for hematopoietic output from iPSC lines reprogrammed from AML patients. Using HEs derived from AML patient iPSCs devoid of somatic leukemic aberrations, we sought to generate putative SRCs by the forced expression of 7TFs to model autologous HSC transplantation. The expression of 7TFs in hPSC-derived HE cells from an enhanced hematopoietic progenitor capacity was present in vitro, but failed to acquire SRC activity in vivo. Our findings emphasize the benefits of forced TF expression, along with the continued challenges in developing HSCs for autologous-based therapies from hPSC sources.
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12
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Xuan J, Liu Y, Liu J, Zeng X, Wang H. New Insights into Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion to Stimulate Repopulation of the Adult Blood System for Transplantation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050716. [PMID: 35629383 PMCID: PMC9146250 DOI: 10.3390/life12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may be considered as a basis for the repopulation of the blood cells after transplantation in adults. Therefore, in vivo and ex vivo expansion of HSCs holds great promise for clinical applications. In this review, the mechanisms of HSC expansion will be discussed, considering the previous studies and works of literature. This is aimed to identify the signaling pathways that regulate HSC expansion and improve the application of engraftment in disease management. The following aspects will be included: (i) Stimulation of HSCs growth in vivo through gene regulation and cytokines activation; (ii) direct or indirect induction of HSC expansion by regulating signaling pathways; (iii) addition to assisting cells to help in the proliferation of HSCs; (iv) changing of living environment in the HSCs cultures via adjusting components and forms of cultures; (v) enhancement of HSC expansion by incorporating substances, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), UM171, among others. In this review, recent new findings that provide us with new insights into HSC expansion methods have been summarized. Furthermore, these findings will also provide more possibilities for the development of some novel strategies for expanding and engrafting HSCs applied for treatments of some hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Xuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinhui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-6700-4966
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13
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Zhang Q, Wu B, Weng Q, Hu F, Lin Y, Xia C, Peng H, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu L, Xiong J, Geng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Du J, Wang J. Regeneration of immunocompetent B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells guided by transcription factors. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:492-503. [PMID: 34893754 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of functional B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is challenging, and reliable methods have not been developed. Here, we unveiled the guiding role of three essential factors, Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1, the simultaneous expression of which preferentially drives B lineage fate commitment and in vivo B lymphopoiesis using PSCs as a cell source. In the presence of Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1 expression, PSC-derived induced hematopoietic progenitors (iHPCs) immediately gave rise to pro/pre-B cells in recipient bone marrow, which were able to further differentiate into entire B cell lineages, including innate B-1a, B-1b, and marginal zone B cells, as well as adaptive follicular B cells. In particular, the regenerative B cells produced adaptive humoral immune responses, sustained antigen-specific antibody production, and formed immune memory in response to antigen challenges. The regenerative B cells showed natural B cell development patterns of immunoglobulin chain switching and hypermutation via cross-talk with host T follicular helper cells, which eventually formed T cell-dependent humoral responses. This study exhibits de novo evidence that B lymphopoiesis can be regenerated from PSCs via an HSC-independent approach, which provides insights into treating B cell-related deficiencies using PSCs as an unlimited cell resource.
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14
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Abstract
Pioneer factors are transcription factors with the unique ability to initiate opening of closed chromatin. The stability of cell identity relies on robust mechanisms that maintain the epigenome and chromatin accessibility to transcription factors. Pioneer factors counter these mechanisms to implement new cell fates through binding of DNA target sites in closed chromatin and introduction of active-chromatin histone modifications, primarily at enhancers. As master regulators of enhancer activation, pioneers are thus crucial for the implementation of correct cell fate decisions in development, and as such, they hold tremendous potential for therapy through cellular reprogramming. The power of pioneer factors to reshape the epigenome also presents an Achilles heel, as their misexpression has major pathological consequences, such as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss the emerging mechanisms of pioneer factor functions and their roles in cell fate specification, cellular reprogramming and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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16
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Olmsted-Davis E, Mejia J, Salisbury E, Gugala Z, Davis AR. A Population of M2 Macrophages Associated With Bone Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686769. [PMID: 34712222 PMCID: PMC8547272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified transient brown adipocyte-like cells associated with heterotopic ossification (HO). These ancillary cells support new vessel synthesis essential to bone formation. Recent studies have shown that the M2 macrophage contributes to tissue regeneration in a similar way. To further define the phenotype of these brown adipocyte-like cells they were isolated and characterized by single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq). Analysis of the transcriptome and the presence of surface markers specific for macrophages suggest that these cells are M2 macrophages. To validate these findings, clodronate liposomes were delivered to the tissues during HO, and the results showed both a significant reduction in these macrophages as well as bone formation. These cells were isolated and shown in culture to polarize towards either M1 or M2 similar to other macrophages. To confirm that these are M2 macrophages, mice received lipopolysacheride (LPS), which induces proinflammation and M1 macrophages. The results showed a significant decrease in this specific population and bone formation, suggesting an essential role for M2 macrophages in the production of bone. To determine if these macrophages are specific to HO, we isolated these cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from a bone defect model and subjected them to scRNAseq. Surprisingly, the macrophage populations overlapped between the two groups (HO-derived versus callus) suggesting that they may be essential ancillary cells for bone formation in general and not selective to HO. Of further note, their unique metabolism and lipogenic properties suggest the potential for unique cross talk between these cells and the newly forming bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Pediatrics – Section Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julio Mejia
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Salisbury
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Alan R. Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Pediatrics – Section Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alan R. Davis,
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17
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Marotta P, Salatiello F, Ambrosino L, Berruto F, Chiusano ML, Locascio A. The Ascidia Ciona robusta Provides Novel Insights on the Evolution of the AP-1 Transcriptional Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709696. [PMID: 34414189 PMCID: PMC8369891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 transcription factor family (AP-1) transcriptional complex is historically defined as an early response group of transcription factors formed by dimeric complexes of the Jun, Fos, Atf, and Maf bZIP proteins that control cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating gene expression. It has been greatly investigated in many model organisms across metazoan evolution. Nevertheless, its complexity and variability of action made its multiple functions difficult to be defined. Here, we place the foundations for understanding the complexity of AP-1 transcriptional members in tunicates. We investigated the gene members of this family in the ascidian Ciona robusta and identified single copies of Jun, Fos, Atf3, Atf2/7, and Maf bZIP-related factors that could have a role in the formation of the AP-1 complex. We highlight that mesenchyme is a common cellular population where all these factors are expressed during embryonic development, and that, moreover, Fos shows a wider pattern of expression including also notochord and neural cells. By ectopic expression in transgenic embryos of Jun and Fos genes alone or in combination, we investigated the phenotypic alterations induced by these factors and highlighted a degree of functional conservation of the AP-1 complex between Ciona and vertebrates. The lack of gene redundancy and the first pieces of evidence of conserved functions in the control of cell movements and structural organization exerted by these factors open the way for using Ciona as a helpful model system to uncover the multiple potentialities of this highly complex family of bZIP transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Berruto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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18
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Shan W, Yu Q, Long Y, Luo Q, Li H, Han Y, Xu Y, Fu S, Zeng X, Wei C, Gao Y, Li X, Li X, Zhang L, Liu L, Chen M, Qian P, Huang H. Enhanced HSC-like cell generation from mouse pluripotent stem cells in a 3D induction system cocultured with stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:353. [PMID: 34147128 PMCID: PMC8214308 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decades of efforts have attempted to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into truly functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), yet the problems of low differentiation efficiency in vitro and poor hematopoiesis reconstitution in vivo still exist, mainly attributing to the lack of solid, reproduced, or pursued differentiation system. METHODS In this study, we established an in vitro differentiation system yielding in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution hematopoietic cells from mouse PSCs through a 3D induction system followed by coculture with OP9 stromal cells. The in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution potential of c-kit+ cells derived from the mouse PSCs was evaluated via m-NSG transplantation assay. Flow cytometry analysis, RNA-seq, and cell cycle analysis were used to detect the in vitro hematopoietic ability of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR, CD201) cells generated in our induction system. RESULTS The c-kit+ cells from 3D self-assembling peptide induction system followed by the OP9 coculture system possessed apparently superiority in terms of in vivo repopulating activity than that of 3D induction system followed by the 0.1% gelatin culture. We interestingly found that our 3D+OP9 system enriched a higher percentage of CD201+c-kit+cells that showed more similar HSC-like features such as transcriptome level and CFU formation ability than CD201-c-kit+cells, which have not been reported in the field of mouse PSCs hematopoietic differentiation. Moreover, CD201+ hematopoietic cells remained in a relatively slow cycling state, consistent with high expression levels of P57 and Ccng2. Further, we innovatively demonstrated that notch signaling pathway is responsible for in vitro CD201+ hematopoietic cell induction from mouse PSCs. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings lay a foundation for improving the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation and generating in vivo functional HSC-like cells from mouse PSCs for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qin Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yan Long
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yingli Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Cong Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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19
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Nguyen C, Nguyen JPT, Modi AP, Ahmad I, Petrova SC, Ferrell SD, Wilhelm SR, Ye Y, Schaue D, Barsky SH. Use of constitutive and inducible oncogene-containing iPSCs as surrogates for transgenic mice to study breast oncogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:301. [PMID: 34044885 PMCID: PMC8162012 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powerful constitutive and inducible transgenic / bitransgenic / tritransgenic murine models of breast cancer have been used over the past two decades to shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which the given transgenic oncogenes have interacted with other cellular genes and set in motion breast cancer initiation and progression. However, these transgenic models, as in vivo models only, are expensive and restrictive in the opportunities they provide to manipulate the experimental variables that would enable a better understanding of the molecular events related to initial transformation and the target cell being transformed. METHODS To overcome some of these limitations, we derived oncogene-containing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones from tail vein fibroblasts of these transgenic mice and manipulated them both in vitro and in vivo in non-transgenic background mice. We created the iPSC clones with a relatively low M.O.I, producing retroviral integrations which averaged only 1 to 2 sites per retroviral plasmid construct used. RESULTS Most iPSC clones derived from each group displayed an essentially normal murine karyotype, strong expression of the exogenous reprogrammable genes and significant expression of characteristic endogenous murine surface stem cell markers including SSEA-1 (CD15), PECAM-1 (CD31), Ep-Cam (CD326), and Nectin (CD112), but no expression of their transgene. A majority (75%) of iPSC clones displayed a normal murine karyotype but 25% exhibited a genomically unstable karyotype. However, even these later clones exhibited stable and characteristic iPSC properties. When injected orthotopically, select iPSC clones, either constitutive or inducible, no longer expressed their exogenous pluripotency reprogramming factors but expressed their oncogenic transgene (PyVT or ErbB2) and participated in both breast ontogenesis and subsequent oncogenesis. When injected non-orthotopically or when differentiated in vitro along several different non-mammary lineages of differentiation, the iPSC clones failed to do so. Although many clones developed anticipated teratomas, select iPSC clones under the appropriate constitutive or inducible conditions exhibited both breast ontogenesis and oncogenesis through the same stages as exhibited by their transgenic murine parents and, as such, represent transgenic surrogates. CONCLUSIONS The iPSC clones offer a number of advantages over transgenic mice including cost, the ability to manipulate and tag in vitro, and create an in vitro model of breast ontogeny and oncogenesis that can be used to gain additional insights into the differentiated status of the target cell which is susceptible to transformation. In addition, the use of these oncogene-containing iPSC clones can be used in chemopreventive studies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nguyen
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Julie P T Nguyen
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Arnav P Modi
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Ihsaan Ahmad
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Sarah C Petrova
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Stuart D Ferrell
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Sabrina R Wilhelm
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Yin Ye
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Dorthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Sanford H Barsky
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA.
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20
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Lange L, Morgan M, Schambach A. The hemogenic endothelium: a critical source for the generation of PSC-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4143-4160. [PMID: 33559689 PMCID: PMC8164610 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of hematopoietic cells and especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are subject to intensive research in recent decades, as these cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine and autologous cell replacement therapies. Despite many attempts, in vitro, de novo generation of bona fide HSCs remains challenging, and we are still far away from their clinical use, due to insufficient functionality and quantity of the produced HSCs. The challenges of generating PSC-derived HSCs are already apparent in early stages of hemato-endothelial specification with the limitation of recapitulating complex, dynamic processes of embryonic hematopoietic ontogeny in vitro. Further, these current shortcomings imply the incompleteness of our understanding of human ontogenetic processes from embryonic mesoderm over an intermediate, specialized hemogenic endothelium (HE) to their immediate progeny, the HSCs. In this review, we examine the recent investigations of hemato-endothelial ontogeny and recently reported progress for the conversion of PSCs and other promising somatic cell types towards HSCs with the focus on the crucial and inevitable role of the HE to achieve the long-standing goal—to generate therapeutically applicable PSC-derived HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Arumugam K, Shin W, Schiavone V, Vlahos L, Tu X, Carnevali D, Kesner J, Paull EO, Romo N, Subramaniam P, Worley J, Tan X, Califano A, Cosma MP. The Master Regulator Protein BAZ2B Can Reprogram Human Hematopoietic Lineage-Committed Progenitors into a Multipotent State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108474. [PMID: 33296649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-species, fusion-mediated, somatic cell reprogramming allows precise, organism-specific tracking of unknown lineage drivers. The fusion of Tcf7l1-/- murine embryonic stem cells with EBV-transformed human B cell lymphocytes, leads to the generation of bi-species heterokaryons. Human mRNA transcript profiling at multiple time points permits the tracking of the reprogramming of B cell nuclei to a multipotent state. Interrogation of a human B cell regulatory network with gene expression signatures identifies 8 candidate master regulator proteins. Of these 8 candidates, ectopic expression of BAZ2B, from the bromodomain family, efficiently reprograms hematopoietic committed progenitors into a multipotent state and significantly enhances their long-term clonogenicity, stemness, and engraftment in immunocompromised mice. Unbiased systems biology approaches let us identify the early driving events of human B cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Arumugam
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Schiavone
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Vlahos
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Tu
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Carnevali
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Kesner
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan O Paull
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neus Romo
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Prem Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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22
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Petrova SC, Ahmad I, Nguyen C, Ferrell SD, Wilhelm SR, Ye Y, Barsky SH. Regulation of breast cancer oncogenesis by the cell of origin's differentiation state. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3832-3848. [PMID: 33196707 PMCID: PMC7597414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer which affects 1/8 women is rare at a cellular level. Even in the setting of germline BRCA1/BRCA2, which is present in all breast cells, solitary cancers or cancers arising at only several foci occur. The overwhelming majority of breast cells (109-1012 cells) resist transformation. Our hypothesis to explain this rareness of transformation is that mammary oncogenesis is regulated by the cell of origin's critical window of differentiation so that target cells outside of this window cannot transform. Our novel hypothesis differs from both the multi-hit theory of carcinogenesis and the stem/progenitor cell compartmental theory of tumorigenesis and utilizes two well established murine transgenic models of breast oncogenesis, the FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyVT)634Mul/J and the FVB-Tg (MMTV-ErbB2) NK1Mul/J. Tail vein fibroblasts from each of these transgenics were used to generate iPSCs. When select clones were injected into cleared mammary fat pads, but not into non-orthotopic sites of background mice, they exhibited mammary ontogenesis and oncogenesis with the expression of their respective transgenes. iPSC clones, when differentiated along different non-mammary lineages in vitro, were also not able to exhibit either mammary ontogenesis or oncogenesis in vivo. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo regulation of differentiation is an important determinant of breast cancer oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Petrova
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ihsaan Ahmad
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Stuart D Ferrell
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Sabrina R Wilhelm
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Yin Ye
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Sanford H Barsky
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
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23
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Beauchemin H, Möröy T. Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Front Genet 2020; 11:591099. [PMID: 33193732 PMCID: PMC7649360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) and the closely related protein GFI1B are small nuclear proteins that act as DNA binding transcriptional repressors. Both recognize the same consensus DNA binding motif via their C-terminal zinc finger domains and regulate the expression of their target genes by recruiting chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and demethylases (LSD1) by using an N-terminal SNAG domain that comprises only 20 amino acids. The only region that is different between both proteins is the region that separates the zinc finger domains and the SNAG domain. Both proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to some extent, in multipotent progenitors (MPPs), but expression is specified as soon as early progenitors and show signs of lineage bias. While expression of GFI1 is maintained in lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) that have the potential to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells, GFI1B expression is no longer detectable in these cells. By contrast, GFI1 expression is lost in megakaryocyte precursors (MKPs) and in megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), which maintain a high level of GFI1B expression. Consequently, GFI1 drives myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and GFI1B drives the development of megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. How such complementary cell type- and lineage-specific functions of GFI1 and GFI1B are maintained is still an unresolved question in particular since they share an almost identical structure and very similar biochemical modes of actions. The cell type-specific accessibility of GFI1/1B binding sites may explain the fact that very similar transcription factors can be responsible for very different transcriptional programming. An additional explanation comes from recent data showing that both proteins may have additional non-transcriptional functions. GFI1 interacts with a number of proteins involved in DNA repair and lack of GFI1 renders HSCs highly susceptible to DNA damage-induced death and restricts their proliferation. In contrast, GFI1B binds to proteins of the beta-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway and lack of GFI1B leads to an expansion of HSCs and MKPs, illustrating the different impact that GFI1 or GFI1B has on HSCs. In addition, GFI1 and GFI1B are required for endothelial cells to become the first blood cells during early murine development and are among those transcription factors needed to convert adult endothelial cells or fibroblasts into HSCs. This role of GFI1 and GFI1B bears high significance for the ongoing effort to generate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells de novo for the autologous treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Wei C, Yu P, Cheng L. Hematopoietic Reprogramming Entangles with Hematopoiesis. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:752-763. [PMID: 32861580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis generally refers to hematopoietic development in fetuses and adults, as well as to hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into progeny lineages. The multiple processes that generate diverse hematopoietic cells have been considered to be unidirectional. However, many reports have recently demonstrated that these processes are not only reversible but also interconvertible via cell reprogramming. The cell reprogramming that occurs in hematopoietic cells is termed hematopoietic reprogramming. We focus on both autogenous and artificial hematopoietic reprogramming under physiological and pathological conditions that is mainly directed by the actions of transcription factors (TFs), chemical compounds, or extracellular cytokines. A comprehensive understanding of hematopoietic reprogramming will help us not only to generate desirable cells for cell therapy but also to further analyze normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuijin Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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25
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Wang T, Lv C, Hu F, Liu L, Wang J. Two-step protocol for regeneration of immunocompetent T cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells. Blood Science 2020; 2:79-88. [PMID: 35402823 PMCID: PMC8974948 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous efforts have been attempted to regenerate T cells in culture dish from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, in vitro generated T cells exhibited extremely low activity and compromised immunocompetency in vivo. Here, we describe a two-step protocol for regenerating functional T cells using an inducible Runx1-Hoxa9-PSC (iR9-PSCs) line. The procedure mainly includes generation of induced hematopoietic progenitor cells (iHPCs) in vitro, transplantation, and development of functional induced T cells (iT) in vivo via transplantation. The entire induction process in vitro requires 21 days before iHPCs transplantation. The development of mature T cells in vivo takes 4 to 6 weeks post-transplantation. We provide a simple and reproducible approach for functional T cell regeneration from iR9-PSCs for research purpose.
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26
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Rosa FF, Pires CF, Zimmermannova O, Pereira CF. Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3619. [PMID: 33659292 PMCID: PMC7842401 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression of transcription factor combinations has been recently demonstrated to reprogram differentiated somatic cells towards the dendritic cell (DC) lineage without reversion to a multipotent state. DCs have the ability to induce potent and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. In particular, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) excel on antigen cross-presentation, a critical step for inducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses. The rarity of naturally occurring cDC1s and lack of in vitro methodologies for the generation of pure cDC1 populations strongly hinders the study of cDC1 lineage specification and function. Here, we describe a protocol for the generation of induced DCs (iDCs) by lentiviral-mediated expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8 and BATF3 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. iDCs acquire DC morphology, cDC1 phenotype and transcriptional signatures within 9 days. iDCs generated with this protocol acquire functional ability to respond to inflammatory stimuli, engulf dead cells, process and cross-present antigens to CD8+ T cells. DC reprogramming provides a simple and tractable system to generate high numbers of cDC1-like cells for high content screening, opening new avenues to better understand cDC1 specification and function. In the future, faithful induction of cDC1 fate in fibroblasts may lead to the generation of patient-specific DCs for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F. Rosa
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana F. Pires
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Zimmermannova
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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Song B, Lee JM, Park YJ, Kim IK, Kim BS, Shin KS, Jeon I, Koh CH, Bae EA, Seo H, Byun Y, Kang CY. Differentiation of c-Kit + CD24 + natural killer cells into myeloid cells in a GATA-2-dependent manner. FASEB J 2020; 34:4462-4481. [PMID: 31989715 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902662r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid progenitor cells have generally been considered the predominant source of myeloid cells under steady-state conditions. Here we show that NK cells contributed to a myeloid cell lineage pool in naïve and tumor-bearing mice. Using fate tracing of NKp46+ cells, we found that myeloid cells could be derived from NK cells. Notably, among mature CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells, c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells were capable of differentiating into a range of myeloid lineages in vitro and produced neutrophils and monocytes in vivo. The differentiation was completely inhibited by NK-stimulating cytokines. In addition to the potential for differentiation into myeloid cells, c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells retained NK cell phenotypes and effector functions. Mechanistically, GATA-2 was necessary for the differentiation of c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells. Therefore, we discovered that GATA-2-dependent differentiation of c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells contributes to myeloid cell development and identified a novel pathway for myeloid lineage commitment under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyeong Song
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jeon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Dai Y, Xiong S, Wei C, Yu P, Tang Y, Wu L, Li J, Liu D, Wang Y, Chen Z, Chen S, Huang J, Cheng L. Chemical Cocktail Induces Hematopoietic Reprogramming and Expands Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1901785. [PMID: 31921559 PMCID: PMC6947705 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Generation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) via cell expansion or cell reprogramming has been widely achieved by overexpression of transcription factors. Herein, it is reported that without introducing exogenous genes, mouse fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hemogenic cells based on lineage tracing analysis, which further develop into hematopoietic cells, by treatment of cocktails of chemical compounds. The chemical cocktails also reprogram differentiated hematopoietic cells back into HSPC-like cells. Most importantly, the chemical cocktails enabling hematopoietic reprogramming robustly promote HSPC proliferation ex vivo. The expanded HSPCs acquire enhanced capacity of hematopoietic reconstruction in vivo. Single-cell sequencing analysis verifies the expansion of HSPCs and the cell reprogramming toward potential generation of HSPCs at the same time by the chemical cocktail treatment. Thus, the proof-of-concept findings not only demonstrate that hematopoietic reprogramming can be achieved by chemical compounds but also provide a promising strategy for acquisition of HSPCs by chemical cocktail-enabled double effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xingli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Yuting Dai
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University200025ShanghaiChina
| | - Shumin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Chuijin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of OrthopaedicsRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yuewen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Sai‐Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
- Pôle de Recherches Sino‐Français en Science du Vivant et GénomiqueLaboratory of Molecular PathologyRui‐Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
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29
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Lange L, Hoffmann D, Schwarzer A, Ha TC, Philipp F, Lenz D, Morgan M, Schambach A. Inducible Forward Programming of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Hemato-endothelial Progenitor Cells with Hematopoietic Progenitor Potential. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:122-137. [PMID: 31839543 PMCID: PMC6962646 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising platform to model early embryonic developmental processes, to create disease models that can be evaluated by drug screens as well as proof-of-concept experiments for regenerative medicine. However, generation of iPSC-derived hemato-endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells for these applications is challenging due to variable and limited cell numbers, which necessitates enormous up-scaling or development of demanding protocols. Here, we unravel the function of key transcriptional regulators SCL, LMO2, GATA2, and ETV2 (SLGE) on early hemato-endothelial specification and establish a fully inducible and stepwise hemato-endothelial forward programming system based on SLGE-regulated overexpression. Regulated induction of SLGE in stable SLGE-iPSC lines drives very efficient generation of large numbers of hemato-endothelial progenitor cells (CD144+/CD73–), which produce hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD45+/CD34+/CD38–/CD45RA−/CD90+/CD49f+) through a gradual process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Inducible and robust hemato-endothelial forward programming of human iPSCs Efficient, scalable generation of hemato-endothelial progenitor cells Production of HPCs with HSC-like immunophenotype and multi-lineage potential Whole transcriptome screen for potential regulators of definitive hematopoiesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostasis and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Teng-Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Philipp
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Lenz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Cell reprogramming concepts have been classically developed in the fields of developmental and stem cell biology and are currently being explored for regenerative medicine, given its potential to generate desired cell types for replacement therapy. Cell fate can be experimentally reversed or modified by enforced expression of lineage specific transcription factors leading to pluripotency or attainment of another somatic cell type identity. The possibility to reprogram fibroblasts into induced dendritic cells (DC) competent for antigen presentation creates a paradigm shift for understanding and modulating the immune system with direct cell reprogramming. PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 were identified as sufficient and necessary to impose DC fate in unrelated cell types, taking advantage of Clec9a, a C-type lectin receptor with restricted expression in conventional DC type 1. The identification of such minimal gene regulatory networks helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing development and lineage heterogeneity along the hematopoietic hierarchy. Furthermore, the generation of patient-tailored reprogrammed immune cells provides new and exciting tools for the expanding field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize cell reprogramming concepts and experimental approaches, review current knowledge at the intersection of cell reprogramming with hematopoiesis, and propose how cell fate engineering can be merged to immunology, opening new opportunities to understand the immune system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana F. Pires
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio F. Rosa
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Menegatti S, de Kruijf M, Garcia‐Alegria E, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. Transcriptional control of blood cell emergence. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3304-3315. [PMID: 31432499 PMCID: PMC6916194 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is established during embryonic life through a series of developmental steps that culminates with the generation of haematopoietic stem cells. Characterisation of the transcriptional network that regulates blood cell emergence has led to the identification of transcription factors essential for this process. Among the many factors wired within this complex regulatory network, ETV2, SCL and RUNX1 are the central components. All three factors are absolutely required for blood cell generation, each one controlling a precise step of specification from the mesoderm germ layer to fully functional blood progenitors. Insight into the transcriptional control of blood cell emergence has been used for devising protocols to generate blood cells de novo, either through reprogramming of somatic cells or through forward programming of pluripotent stem cells. Interestingly, the physiological process of blood cell generation and its laboratory-engineered counterpart have very little in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Menegatti
- Developmental Haematopoiesis GroupFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Healththe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Marcel de Kruijf
- Developmental Haematopoiesis GroupFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Healththe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Eva Garcia‐Alegria
- Developmental Haematopoiesis GroupFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Healththe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology GroupCancer Research UK Manchester InstituteThe University of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Developmental Haematopoiesis GroupFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Healththe University of ManchesterUK
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32
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Guo R, Hu F, Weng Q, Lv C, Wu H, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng Y, Bai Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu X, Xia C, Wang T, Zhou P, Wang K, Dong Y, Luo Y, Zhang X, Guan Y, Geng Y, Du J, Li Y, Lan Y, Chen J, Liu B, Wang J. Guiding T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells by defined transcription factors. Cell Res 2020; 30:21-33. [PMID: 31729468 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Achievement of immunocompetent and therapeutic T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a central aim in T cell regenerative medicine. To date, preferentially reconstituting T lymphopoiesis in vivo from PSCs remains a practical challenge. Here we documented that synergistic and transient expression of Runx1 and Hoxa9 restricted in the time window of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic maturation stages in a PSC differentiation scheme (iR9-PSC) in vitro induced preferential generation of engraftable hematopoietic progenitors capable of homing to thymus and developing into mature T cells in primary and secondary immunodeficient recipients. Single-cell transcriptome and functional analyses illustrated the cellular trajectory of T lineage induction from PSCs, unveiling the T-lineage specification determined at as early as hemogenic endothelial cell stage and identifying the bona fide pre-thymic progenitors. The induced T cells distributed normally in central and peripheral lymphoid organs and exhibited abundant TCRαβ repertoire. The regenerative T lymphopoiesis restored immune surveillance in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, gene-edited iR9-PSCs produced tumor-specific T cells in vivo that effectively eradicated tumor cells. This study provides insight into universal generation of functional and therapeutic T cells from the unlimited and editable PSC source.
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33
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Barcia Durán JG, Lis R, Rafii S. Haematopoietic stem cell reprogramming and the hope for a universal blood product. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3253-3265. [PMID: 31725897 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the only adult stem cells with a demonstrated clinical use, even though a tractable method to maintain and expand human HSCs in vitro has not yet been found. Owing to the introduction of transplantation strategies for the treatment of haematological malignancies and, more recently, the promise of gene therapy, the need to improve the generation, manipulation and scalability of autologous or allogeneic HSCs has risen steeply over the past decade. In that context, reprogramming strategies based on the expression of exogenous transcription factors have emerged as a means to produce functional HSCs in vitro. These approaches largely stem from the assumption that key master transcription factors direct the expression of downstream target genes thereby triggering haematopoiesis. Both somatic and pluripotent cells have been used to this end, yielding variable results in terms of haematopoietic phenotype and functionality. Here, we present an overview of the haematopoietic reprogramming methods reported to date, provide the appropriate historical context and offer some critical insight about where the field stands at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gabriel Barcia Durán
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphaël Lis
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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34
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Gomes AM, Kurochkin I, Chang B, Daniel M, Law K, Satija N, Lachmann A, Wang Z, Ferreira L, Ma'ayan A, Chen BK, Papatsenko D, Lemischka IR, Moore KA, Pereira CF. Cooperative Transcription Factor Induction Mediates Hemogenic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2821-2835.e7. [PMID: 30517869 PMCID: PMC6571141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from specialized endothelial cells by a process termed endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). The genetic program driving human HSPC emergence remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the generation of hemogenic precursor cells from mouse fibroblasts recapitulates developmental hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hemogenic cells by the same transcription factors. Induced cells display dynamic EHT transcriptional programs, generate hematopoietic progeny, possess HSPC cell surface phenotype, and repopulate immunodeficient mice for 3 months. Mechanistically, GATA2 and GFI1B interact and co-occupy a cohort of targets. This cooperative binding is reflected by engagement of open enhancers and promoters, initiating silencing of fibroblast genes and activating the hemogenic program. However, GATA2 displays dominant and independent targeting activity during the early phases of reprogramming. These findings shed light on the processes controlling human HSC specification and support generation of reprogrammed HSCs for clinical applications. Gomes et al. show that specification of hemogenesis in human fibroblasts is mediated by cooperative transcription factor binding. GATA2 displays dominance, interacts with GFI1B, and recruits FOS to open chromatin, simultaneously silencing the fibroblast program and initiating an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Gomes
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Betty Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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35
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Daniel MG, Rapp K, Schaniel C, Moore KA. Induction of developmental hematopoiesis mediated by transcription factors and the hematopoietic microenvironment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:59-72. [PMID: 31621095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The induction of hematopoiesis in various cell types via transcription factor (TF) reprogramming has been demonstrated by several strategies. The eventual goal of these approaches is to generate a product for unmet needs in hematopoietic cell transplantation therapies. The most successful strategies hew closely to clues provided from developmental hematopoiesis in terms of factor expression and environmental cues. In this review, we aim to summarize the TFs that play important roles in developmental hematopoiesis primarily and to also touch on adult hematopoiesis. Several aspects of cellular and molecular biology coalesce in this process, with TFs and surrounding cellular signals playing a major role in the overall development of the hematopoietic lineage. We attempt to put these elements into the context of reprogramming and highlight their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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36
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Daniel MG, Sachs D, Bernitz JM, Fstkchyan Y, Rapp K, Satija N, Law K, Patel F, Gomes AM, Kim HS, Pereira CF, Chen B, Lemischka IR, Moore KA. Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3266-3287. [PMID: 31557312 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF)-based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial-like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)-like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC-like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell-based therapeutics. DATABASE: Gene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bernitz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yesai Fstkchyan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - Foram Patel
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreia M Gomes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Huen-Suk Kim
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Gam R, Sung M, Prasad Pandurangan A. Experimental and Computational Approaches to Direct Cell Reprogramming: Recent Advancement and Future Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E1189. [PMID: 31581647 PMCID: PMC6829265 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of direct cell reprogramming, also named transdifferentiation, permits for the conversion of one mature cell type directly into another, without returning to a dedifferentiated state. This makes direct reprogramming a promising approach for the development of several cellular and tissue engineering therapies. To achieve the change in the cell identity, direct reprogramming requires an arsenal of tools that combine experimental and computational techniques. In the recent years, several methods of transdifferentiation have been developed. In this review, we will introduce the concept of direct cell reprogramming and its background, and cover the recent developments in the experimental and computational prediction techniques with their applications. We also discuss the challenges of translating this technology to clinical setting, accompanied with potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Gam
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Minkyung Sung
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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38
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Abstract
Evidence of the diversity and multi-layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to new insights that may inform ex vivo production of blood cells. Interestingly, not all long-lived hematopoietic cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we review the current knowledge on HSC-dependent cell lineages and HSC-independent tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and how they arise during embryonic development. Classical embryological and genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information on the molecular/cell trajectories that form the complete hematopoietic system. We also discuss the current developmentally informed efforts toward generating engraftable and multilineage blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dzierzak
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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Seo Y, Shin KH, Kim HH, Kim HS. Current Advances in Red Blood Cell Generation Using Stem Cells from Diverse Sources. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9281329. [PMID: 31467565 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9281329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions hold an indispensable part in the modern healthcare system. Up to date, the blood supply is largely dependent on donations. Unfortunately, collecting the clinical-grade blood products has become a challenging mission due to accelerated population aging, which not only increases the need for blood transfusions but also decreases the number of healthy donors. Moreover, individuals with severe hematological abnormalities or rare blood phenotypes need alternative therapeutic approaches instead of conventional blood transfusion. In these aspects, the concept of in vitro/ex vivo production of blood cells has been emerging and many attempts have been focused on manufacturing mature erythrocytes, so-called red blood cells (RBCs), the most common and important component among the blood derivatives. In this review, we provide a general overview regarding the current strategies for generating RBCs from various stem cell sources including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as circulating blood stem cells and the remaining challenges that must be overcome prior to their practical application.
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Abstract
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a curative treatment for hematologic malignancies and innate immunodeficiency, but its applications are limited to matched donors, and the availability of umbilical cord blood of immune types. Therefore, derivation of HSCs from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a holy grail in regenerative medicine. However, derivation of HSCs from iPSCs has proven elusive. Here, the authors developed a method to derive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by combining two established methods. The first method mimics embryonic development by directed differentiation of iPSCs into a cellular state termed hemogenic endothelium (HE) by stepwise exposure to different combinations of morphogens and cytokines. In the second method, transcription factors are induced in HE cells for specification into HSCs. By combining these approaches, the authors identified a set of select transcription factors that programmed HE cells into HSPCs with long-term and multilineage capacity in vivo. In this chapter, I provide an overview of this technology, technical tips, and future applications.
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Mansoori-Moghadam Z, Totonchi M, Hesaraki M, Aghdami N, Baharvand H, Moghadasali R. Programming of ES cells and reprogramming of fibroblasts into renal lineage-like cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:225-234. [PMID: 30981668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to prepare intermediate mesoderm-like cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In the first step, intermediate mesoderm-like cells (IMLCs) and renal epithelial-like cells (RELCs) were extracted from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) in a specified media that contained two small molecules, CHIR99021 and TTNPB, along with growth factors, FGF9and BMP7. Then, MEFs were directly converted into IM by genes for the pluripotency factors, which encode the transcription factors; Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM). These unstable intermediate cells were quickly encouraged to form IM with the assistance of CHIR99021 and TTNPB. The results showed that exogenous expression of OSKM factors for four days was adequate to generate partially reprogrammed cells (SSEA1+/Nanog-). Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of the MEF-derived IMs. This study introduced a method for mESCs differentiation to RELCs followed by MEF conversion in an attempt to generate IM by circumventing pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mansoori-Moghadam
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide a virtually unlimited supply of cells for transplantation therapy. When combined with recent advances in genome editing technologies, human PSCs could offer various approaches that enable gene therapy, drug discovery, disease modeling, and in vitro modeling of human development. De novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human PSCs is an important focus in the field, since it enables autologous HSC transplantation to treat many blood disorders and malignancies. Although culture conditions have been established to generate a broad spectrum of hematopoietic progenitors from human PSCs, it remains a significant challenge to generate bona fide HSCs that possess sustained self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities upon transplantation. In this review, recent promising advances in the efforts to generate HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors from human PSCs in vitro and in vivo or from somatic cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Oguro
- Cellular Engineering, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Rosa FF, Pires CF, Kurochkin I, Ferreira AG, Gomes AM, Palma LG, Shaiv K, Solanas L, Azenha C, Papatsenko D, Schulz O, e Sousa CR, Pereira CF. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/30/eaau4292. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of transcription factors has been used to reprogram differentiated somatic cells toward pluripotency or to directly reprogram them to other somatic cell lineages. This concept has been explored in the context of regenerative medicine. Here, we set out to generate dendritic cells (DCs) capable of presenting antigens from mouse and human fibroblasts. By screening combinations of 18 transcription factors that are expressed in DCs, we have identified PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 transcription factors as being sufficient to reprogram both mouse and human fibroblasts to induced DCs (iDCs). iDCs acquire a conventional DC type 1–like transcriptional program, with features of interferon-induced maturation. iDCs secrete inflammatory cytokines and have the ability to engulf, process, and present antigens to T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that murine iDCs generated here were able to cross-present antigens to CD8+ T cells. Our reprogramming system should facilitate better understanding of DC specification programs and serve as a platform for the development of patient-specific DCs for immunotherapy.
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Abstract
The ability to generate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro would have an immeasurable impact on many areas of clinical practice, including trauma, cancer, and congenital disease. In this protocol, we describe a stepwise approach that converts adult murine endothelial cells (ECs) to HSCs, termed 'reprogrammed ECs into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells' (rEC-HSPCs). The conversion, which is achieved without cells transitioning through a pluripotent state, comprises three phases: induction, specification, and expansion. Adult ECs are first isolated from Runx1-IRES-GFP; Rosa26-rtTa mice and maintained in culture under EC growth factor stimulation and Tgfβ inhibition. In the first (induction) phase of conversion (days 0-8), four transcription factors (TFs)-FosB, Gfi1, Runx1, and Spi1 (FGRS)-are expressed transiently, which results in endogenous Runx1 expression. During the second (specification) phase (days 8-20), endogenous Runx1+ FGRS-transduced ECs commit to a hematopoietic fate and no longer require exogenous FGRS expression. Finally, the vascular niche drives robust proliferation of rEC-HSPCs during the expansion phase (days 20-28). The resulting converted cells possess a transcriptomic signature and long-term self-renewal capacity indistinguishable from those of adult HSCs. In this protocol, we also describe functional in vitro and in vivo assays that can be used to demonstrate that rEC-HSPCs are competent for clonal engraftment and possess multi-lineage reconstitution potential, including antigen-dependent adaptive immune function. This approach thus provides a tractable strategy for interrogating the generation of engraftable hematopoietic cells, advancing the mechanistic understanding of hematopoietic development and HSC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gabriel Barcia Durán
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raphaël Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY, USA. .,Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tyler M. Lu
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA,Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY, USA.
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Azevedo Portilho N, Pelajo-machado M. Mechanism of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis in mouse placenta. Placenta 2018; 69:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Generating a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in vitro from nonhematopoietic tissue has been a goal of experimental hematologists for decades. Until recently, no in vitro-derived cell has closely demonstrated the full lineage potential and self-renewal capacity of a true HSC. Studies revealing stem cell ontogeny from embryonic mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium to HSC provided the key to inducing HSC-like cells in vitro from a variety of cell types. Here we review the path to this discovery and discuss the future of autologous transplantation with in vitro-derived HSCs as a therapeutic modality.
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Mollinari C, Zhao J, Lupacchini L, Garaci E, Merlo D, Pei G. Transdifferentiation: a new promise for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:830. [PMID: 30082779 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a gradual loss of cognitive and physical functions. Medications for these disorders are limited and treat the symptoms only. There are no disease-modifying therapies available, which have been shown to slow or stop the continuing loss of neurons. Transdifferentiation, whereby somatic cells are reprogrammed into another lineage without going through an intermediate proliferative pluripotent stem cell stage, provides an alternative strategy for regenerative medicine and disease modeling. In particular, the transdifferentiation of somatic cells into specific subset of patient-specific neuronal cells offers alternative autologous cell therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and presents a rich source of using diverse somatic cell types for relevant applications in translational, personalized medicine, as well as human mechanistic study, new drug-target identification, and novel drug screening systems. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of transdifferentiation research, with particular attention to chemical-induced transdifferentiation and perspectives for modeling and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Lino MM, Ferreira L. Light-triggerable formulations for the intracellular controlled release of biomolecules. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1062-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chang CJ, Kotini AG, Olszewska M, Georgomanoli M, Teruya-Feldstein J, Sperber H, Sanchez R, DeVita R, Martins TJ, Abdel-Wahab O, Bradley RK, Papapetrou EP. Dissecting the Contributions of Cooperating Gene Mutations to Cancer Phenotypes and Drug Responses with Patient-Derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports. 2018;10:1610-1624. [PMID: 29681544 PMCID: PMC5995368 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connecting specific cancer genotypes with phenotypes and drug responses constitutes the central premise of precision oncology but is hindered by the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of primary cancer cells. Here, we use patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to dissect the individual contributions of two recurrent genetic lesions, the splicing factor SRSF2 P95L mutation and the chromosome 7q deletion, to the development of myeloid malignancy. Using a comprehensive panel of isogenic iPSCs-with none, one, or both genetic lesions-we characterize their relative phenotypic contributions and identify drug sensitivities specific to each one through a candidate drug approach and an unbiased large-scale small-molecule screen. To facilitate drug testing and discovery, we also derive SRSF2-mutant and isogenic normal expandable hematopoietic progenitor cells. We thus describe here an approach to dissect the individual effects of two cooperating mutations to clinically relevant features of malignant diseases.
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