1
|
Bernis ME, Zweyer M, Maes E, Schleehuber Y, Sabir H. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Newborn Rats Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system plays a critical role in neuroinflammation of the central nervous system after an insult. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induces a strong neuroinflammatory response in neonates, which is often associated with exacerbated outcomes. In adult models of ischemic stroke, neutrophils infiltrate injured brain tissue immediately after an ischemic insult and aggravate inflammation via various mechanisms, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) formation. In this study, we used a neonatal model of experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and demonstrated that circulating neutrophils were rapidly activated in neonatal blood. We observed an increased infiltration of neutrophils in the brain after exposure to HI. After treatment with either normothermia (NT) or therapeutic hypothermia (TH), we observed a significantly enhanced expression level of the NETosis marker Citrullinated H3 (Cit-H3), which was significantly more pronounced in animals treated with TH than in those treated with NT. NETs and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP-3) inflammasome assembly are closely linked in adult models of ischemic brain injury. In this study, we observed an increase in the activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome at the time points analyzed, particularly immediately after TH, when we observed a significant increase in NETs structures in the brain. Together, these results suggest the important pathological functions of early arriving neutrophils and NETosis following neonatal HI, particularly after TH treatment, which is a promising starting point for the development of potential new therapeutic targets for neonatal HIE.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kabbesh H, Riaz MA, Jensen AD, Scheiner-Bobis G, Konrad L. Transmigration of macrophages through primary adult rat Sertoli cells. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2064179. [PMID: 35442143 PMCID: PMC9870002 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2064179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood testis barrier (BTB) is often studied with isolated immature Sertoli cells (SCs), transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements and FITC dextran diffusion assays. Recently, it was found that even in the absence of SCs, only few immune cells enter the seminiferous tubules. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the testicular immunological barrier (TIB) in vitro by transmigration of macrophages through SCs with and without peritubular cells (PCs) and with or without matrigel (MG). Primary PCs were isolated from adult rat testis and kept in mono- or co-cultures with the conditionally reprogrammed primary adult Sertoli cell line (PASC1) from rat that has been recently generated by our group. Rat monocytes isolated from fresh blood were differentiated into M0 macrophages, and after polarization to M1 or M2 macrophages characterized by gene expression of CXCL11 and TNF-α for M1, or CCL17 and CCL22 for M2. Transmigration of LeukoTracker-labeled M0, M1, and M2 macrophages through mono- and co-cultures of PCs/SCs with and without MG demonstrated that SCs are the main constituent of the TIB in vitro with only a negligible contribution of PCs or MG. Moreover, M2 macrophages showed less migration activity compared to M0 or M1. Treatment of SCs with testosterone (T) showed positive effects on the barrier in contrast to negative effects by interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The new transmigration model is suitable to evaluate transmigration of macrophages through a barrier consisting of testicular cells and can be applied to study the integrity of testicular barriers with respect to immunological aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kabbesh
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad A. Riaz
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandra D. Jensen
- Center of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany,CONTACT Lutz Konrad Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 10-12, GiessenD-35392, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Irvine KM, Caruso M, Cestari MF, Davis GM, Keshvari S, Sehgal A, Pridans C, Hume DA. Analysis of the impact of CSF‐1 administration in adult rats using a novel
Csf1r
‐mApple reporter gene. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:221-235. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0519-149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Gemma M. Davis
- Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abildgaard A, Elfving B, Hokland M, Wegener G, Lund S. The microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid improves glucose metabolism in rats, but does not affect behaviour. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:306-312. [PMID: 29113509 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1398262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We have previously shown that an antidepressant-like effect of probiotics in rats was associated with a higher plasma level of the microbial tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). OBJECTIVE We therefore wanted to study the isolated effect of IPA on behaviour and glucose metabolism in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control or IPA-enriched diet for six weeks (n = 12 per group) and assessed in the elevated plus maze, open field and forced swim test. Blood glucose, metabolic hormones and the white blood cell (WBC) composition were analysed. RESULTS IPA (mean intake 27.3 mg/kg/day) significantly lowered fasting blood glucose level by 0.42 mM (95% CI 0.11-0.73). Similarly, fasting plasma insulin levels and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance were reduced, whereas plasma metabolic hormones, behaviour and WBC composition remained unaffected by IPA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight IPA as a promising candidate for treatment of metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Abildgaard
- a Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit , Aarhus University , Risskov , Denmark
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- a Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit , Aarhus University , Risskov , Denmark
| | - Marianne Hokland
- c Department of Biomedicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- a Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit , Aarhus University , Risskov , Denmark
- d Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Sten Lund
- e Department of Medical Endocrinology (MEA) , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Humeres C, Vivar R, Boza P, Muñoz C, Bolivar S, Anfossi R, Osorio JM, Olivares-Silva F, García L, Díaz-Araya G. Cardiac fibroblast cytokine profiles induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli promote monocyte recruitment and modulate macrophage M1/M2 balance in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:S0022-2828(16)30392-3. [PMID: 27983968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in cardiac remodeling after injury, evolving from an initial accumulation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages to a greater balance of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Whether cardiac fibroblasts themselves influence this process remains an intriguing question. In this work, we present evidence for a role of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) as regulators of macrophage recruitment and skewing. Adult rat CF, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1, to evaluate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression using Western blot and proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokine secretion using LUMINEX. We performed in vitro migration and adhesion assays of rat spleen monocytes to layers of TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF. Finally, TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF were co-cultured with monocyte, to evaluate their effects on macrophage polarization, using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion. There was a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to LPS- or TGF-β1-stimulated CF, associated with increased CF expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. siRNA silencing of either ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 inhibited monocyte adhesion to LPS-pretreated CF; however, monocyte adhesion to TGF-β1-treated CF was dependent on only VCAM-1 expression. Pretreatment of CF with LPS or TGF-β1 increased monocyte migration to CF, and this effect was completely abolished with an MCP-1 antibody blockade. LPS-treated CF secreted elevated levels of TNF-α and MCP-1, and when co-cultured with monocyte, LPS-treated CF stimulated increased macrophage M1 polarization and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12 and MCP-1). On the other hand, CF stimulated with TGF-β1 produced an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (high IL-10 and IL-5, low TNF-α). When co-cultured with monocytes, the TGF-β1 stimulated fibroblasts skewed monocyte differentiation towards M2 macrophages accompanied by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-12 levels. Taken together, our results show for the first time that CF can recruit monocytes (via MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis and adhesion to ICAM-1/VCAM-1) and induce their differentiation to M1 or M2 macrophages (through the CF cytokine profile induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Pia Boza
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Samir Bolivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Osorio
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Francisco Olivares-Silva
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lingohr P, Dohmen J, Matthaei H, Schwandt T, Stein K, Hong GS, Steitz J, Longerich T, Bölke E, Wehner S, Kalff JC. Advantages of laparoscopic compared to conventional surgery are not related to an innate immune response of peritoneal immune activation: an animal study in rats. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2017; 402:625-36. [PMID: 27761714 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has proved superior compared to conventional surgery (CS) regarding morbidity, length of hospital stay, rate of wound infection and time until recovery. An improved preservation of the postoperative immune function is assumed to contribute to these benefits though the role of the local peritoneal immune response is still poorly understood. Our study investigates the peritoneal immune response subsequent to abdominal surgery and compares it between laparoscopic and conventional surgery to find an immunological explanation for the clinically proven benefits of LS. METHODS Wistar rats (N = 140) underwent laparoscopic cecum resection (LCR; N = 28), conventional cecum resection (CCR; N = 28), laparoscopic sham operation (LSO; N = 28), conventional sham operation (CSO; N = 28), or no surgical treatment (CTRL; N = 28). Postoperatively, peritoneal lavages were performed, leukocytes isolated and analyzed regarding immune function and phagocytosis activity. RESULTS Immune function was inhibited postoperatively in animals undergoing LCR or CCR compared to CTRL reflected by a lower TNF-α (CTRL 3956.65 pg/ml, LCR 2018.48 pg/ml (p = 0.023), CCR 2793.78 pg/ml (n.s.)) and IL-6 secretion (CTRL 625.84 pg/ml, LCR 142.84 pg/ml (p = 0.009), CCR 169.53 pg/ml (p = 0.01)). Phagocytosis was not affected in rats undergoing any kind of surgery compared to CTRL. Neither cytokine secretion nor phagocytosis activity differed significantly between laparoscopic and conventional surgery. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings the benefits associated with LS compared to CS cannot be explained by differences in the postoperative peritoneal innate immune response. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes for a more favorable postoperative outcome in patients after LS compared to CS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eftaxiopoulou T, Barnett-Vanes A, Arora H, Macdonald W, Nguyen TTN, Itadani M, Sharrock AE, Britzman D, Proud WG, Bull AMJ, Rankin SM. Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma. Injury 2016; 47:625-32. [PMID: 26838938 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blast injuries from conventional and improvised explosive devices account for 75% of injuries from current conflicts; over 70% of injuries involve the limbs. Variable duration and magnitude of blast wave loading occurs in real-life explosions and is hypothesised to cause different injuries. While a number of in vivo models report the inflammatory response to blast injuries, the extent of this response has not been investigated with respect to the duration of the primary blast wave. The relevance is that explosions in open air are of short duration compared to those in confined spaces. METHODS Hindlimbs of adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were subjected to focal isolated primary blast waves of varying overpressure (1.8-3.65kPa) and duration (3.0-11.5ms), utilising a shock tube and purpose-built experimental rig. Rats were monitored during and after the blast. At 6 and 24h after exposure, blood, lungs, liver and muscle tissues were collected and prepared for histology and flow cytometry. RESULTS At 6h, increases in circulating neutrophils and CD43Lo/His48Hi monocytes were observed in rats subjected to longer-duration blast waves. This was accompanied by increases in circulating pro-inflammatory chemo/cytokines KC and IL-6. No changes were observed with shorter-duration blast waves irrespective of overpressure. In all cases, no histological damage was observed in muscle, lung or liver. By 24h post-blast, all inflammatory parameters had normalised. CONCLUSIONS We report the development of a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma that is the first to highlight an important role played by blast wave duration and magnitude in initiating acute inflammatory response following limb injury in the absence of limb fracture or penetrating trauma. The combined biological and mechanical method developed can be used to further understand the complex effects of blast waves in a range of different tissues and organs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hari Arora
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | | | - Mako Itadani
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Anna E Sharrock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - David Britzman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | | | - Sara M Rankin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abbondanzo SJ, Chang SL. HIV-1 transgenic rats display alterations in immunophenotype and cellular responses associated with aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105256. [PMID: 25127062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in anti-retroviral therapy over the last two decades have allowed life expectancy in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus to approach that of the general population. The process of aging in mammalian species, including rats, results in immune response changes, alterations in immunological phenotypes, and ultimately increased susceptibility to many infectious diseases. In order to investigate the immunological pathologies associated with chronic HIV-1 disease, particularly in aging individuals, the HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rat model was utilized. HIV-1Tg rats were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to determine immunological alterations during the aging process. LPS is known to cause an imbalance in cytokine and chemokine release, and provides a method to identify changes in immune responses to bacterial infection in an HIV animal model. An immune profile and accompanying cellular consequences as well as changes in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release related to age and genotype were assessed in HIV-1Tg rats. The percentage of T cells decreased with age, particularly T cytotoxic cells, whereas T helper cells increased with age. Neutrophils and monocytes increased in HIV-1Tg rats during maturation compared to age-matched F344 control rats. Aging HIV-1Tg rats displayed a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, along with an increase in the chemokine, KC/GRO, in comparison to age-matched controls. Our data indicate that immunophenotype and immune responses can change during aging in HIV-positive individuals. This information could be important in determining the most beneficial age-dependent therapeutic treatment for HIV patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hohsfield LA, Ammann CG, Humpel C. Inflammatory status of transmigrating primary rat monocytes in a novel perfusion model simulating blood flow. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 258:17-26. [PMID: 23499257 PMCID: PMC3644679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether monocyte infiltration plays a protective or detrimental role in neurodegenerative disease. The present study characterizes the inflammatory status of primary monocytes in a novel in vitro perfusion model. Monocytes under perfusion do not undergo elevated cell death. However, perfusion does lead to altered morphology, which can be counteracted by anti-inflammatory drugs. Functional studies indicate that cytokine levels are significantly reduced in perfusion compared to stationary conditions and enhanced with brain slices or capillary endothelial cells. Understanding monocyte properties could lead to refined treatment and new ways to interfere with inflammation in diseased brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin SS, Holzknecht ZE, Trama AM, Everett ML, Thomas AD, Su KY, Lee SM, Perkins SE, Whitesides JF, McDermott P, Parker W. Immune Characterization of Wild-CaughtRattus norvegicusSuggests Diversity of Immune Activity in Biome-Normal Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4303/jem/q120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Palmieri D, Pane B, Barisione C, Spinella G, Garibaldi S, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C, Fulcheri E, Palombo D. Resveratrol counteracts systemic and local inflammation involved in early abdominal aortic aneurysm development. J Surg Res 2011; 171:e237-46. [PMID: 21962734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte activation, macrophage infiltration, vascular oxidative stress and matrix proteolysis are inflammatory key steps contributing to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. A phenotypical and functional heterogeneity is recognizable in monocytes by the differential expression of surface molecules: CD62L- subset corresponds to activated monocytes, while CD143/ACE surface expression increases during their differentiation into macrophages. In this work, Resveratrol, which is an antioxidant polyphenol with vasoprotective properties, has been evaluated for its potential to limit aneurysm development and monocyte-dependent inflammatory response in a model of elastase-induced AAA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received Resveratrol (10 mg/kg/die) (Rsv group, n=15) or vehicle (ethanol) alone (Et-OH group, n=15) continuously from 7 d before until 14 d after the AAA induction with elastase; five littermates were used as untreated control group (Ctr group, n=5). At the end of treatment, CD143 and CD62L monocyte expression was analyzed by flow cytometry, serum antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the TRAP method and circulating TNFα, and MMP-9 were measured with ELISA and gel zymography, respectively. Aortas were subjected to histology and immunohistochemistry for morphological analysis, macrophage infiltration, and MMP-9, TNFα, and VEGF expression. RESULTS Resveratrol counteracted the CD62L-monocyte subset expansion, CD143 monocyte expression, and circulating levels of MMP-9 activity and TNFα associated to AAA induction. Similarly, treatment with Resveratrol significantly attenuated AAA expansion, vessel wall macrophage infiltration and MMP-9, VEGF, and TNFα expression, compared with AAA from Et-OH group. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol limited the monocyte-dependent inflammatory response, macrophage differentiation and aortic lumen enlargement in elastase-induced AAA. These data suggest that Resveratrol might be tested in selected patients with small AAA to modulate the early systemic and local inflammatory response associated to AAA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palmieri
- Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology Lab, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, San Martino Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the biology of monocytes and macrophages. It focuses on four rapidly advancing areas that underpin recent conceptual advances, namely: (1) the bone marrow origins of monocytes and macrophages, (2) monocyte heterogeneity, (3) the early inflammatory consequences of tissue injury, and (4) current concepts of macrophage activation and their limitations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zakrzewicz A, Wilhelm J, Blöcher S, Wilczynska J, Wilker S, Dietrich H, Weimer R, Padberg W, Grau V. Leukocyte accumulation in graft blood vessels during self-limiting acute rejection of rat kidneys. Immunobiology 2010; 216:613-24. [PMID: 21035231 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During self-limiting acute rejection preceding chronic vasculopathy, large amounts of leukocytes, predominantly monocytes, interact with the endothelium of renal allografts. We aim to characterize them and to identify targets for functional and interventional studies. Leukocytes were harvested by vascular perfusion from Fischer 344 to Lewis renal allografts or Lewis isografts, followed by flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR and genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Leukocyte accumulation peaked in allografts on day 9. The percentage of monocytes expressing MHC class II and CD161 was increased whereas CD4, CD11a, CD43, and CD71 expression remained unchanged. IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA increased in allograft leukocytes but IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TGF-β, and tissue factor did not. During acute rejection, 1783 genes were differentially expressed. In conclusion, graft blood leukocytes display a unique state of partial activation during self-limiting rejection. Numerous differentially expressed genes deserve further investigation as potential factors in deciding the fate of the allograft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zakrzewicz
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behrendt P, Buchenauer T, Horn R, Brabant G, Jacobs R, Bode F, Stephan M, Nave H. Diet-induced obesity, exogenous leptin-, and MADB106 tumor cell challenge affect tissue leukocyte distribution and serum levels of cytokines in F344 rats. Endocrine 2010; 38:104-12. [PMID: 20960110 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived catabolic protein leptin alters cell-mediated immunity and cytokine crosstalk. This may provide new insights into the altered immune response, seen in obese individuals. Therefore, we determined the tissue distribution of immune cells in diet-induced obese (dio) and normal weight F344 rats challenged with MADB106 tumor cells or leptin. Immune cell distribution in blood (by FACS analysis) and tissues (NK cells in spleen and liver, immunohistologically) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α; by flow cytometry) were investigated in 28 normal weight and 28 dio rats (n = 4-6/group). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased 3-fold for IL-6 and 7-fold for TNF-α in obese animals. Higher numbers of blood monocytes and NK cells were found in obese as compared to normal weight animals. In dio rats challenged with leptin and MADB106 tumor cells, monocyte numbers were decreased as compared to the obese control animals. Immunohistochemistry revealed an altered NK cell distribution in a compartment-, treatment-, and bodyweight-specific manner. In conclusion, our data reveal a distinct distribution pattern of monocytes and NK cells in dio rats as compared to normal weight littermates and an additional modulatory effect of a leptin- and MADB106 tumor cell challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating blood leukocytes that play important roles in the inflammatory response, which is essential for the innate response to pathogens. But inflammation and monocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In adult mice, monocytes originate in the bone marrow in a Csf-1R (MCSF-R, CD115)-dependent manner from a hematopoietic precursor common for monocytes and several subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Monocyte heterogeneity has long been recognized, but in recent years investigators have identified three functional subsets of human monocytes and two subsets of mouse monocytes that exert specific roles in homeostasis and inflammation in vivo, reminiscent of those of the previously described classically and alternatively activated macrophages. Functional characterization of monocytes is in progress in humans and rodents and will provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Auffray
- INSERM U838, Université Paris-Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haas P, Straub RH, Bedoui S, Nave H. Peripheral but not central leptin treatment increases numbers of circulating NK cells, granulocytes and specific monocyte subpopulations in non-endotoxaemic lean and obese LEW-rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 151:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
17
|
Moghaddami M, Cleland LG, Radisic G, Mayrhofer G. Recruitment of dendritic cells and macrophages during T cell-mediated synovial inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R120. [PMID: 18028548 PMCID: PMC2246239 DOI: 10.1186/ar2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of adjuvant-induced arthritis was used in this study to examine local macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) during T cell-mediated synovial inflammation. We studied the influx of CD11b+CD11c+ putative myeloid DCs and other non-lymphoid CD45+ cells into synovium-rich tissues (SRTs) of the affected hind paws in response to a pulse of autoreactive thoracic duct cells. Cells were prepared from the SRTs using a collagenase perfusion-digestion technique, thus allowing enumeration and phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry. Numbers of CD45+ cells increased during the first 6 days, with increases in CD45+MHC (major histocompatibility complex) II+ monocyte-like cells from as early as day 3 after transfer. In contrast, typical MHC II- monocytes, mainly of the CD4- subset, did not increase until 12 to 14 days after cell transfer, coinciding with the main influx of polymorphonuclear cells. By day 14, CD45+MHC IIhi cells constituted approximately half of all CD45+ cells in SRT. Most of the MHC IIhi cells expressed CD11c and CD11b and represented putative myeloid DCs, whereas only approximately 20% were CD163+ macrophages. Less than 5% of the MHC IIhi cells in inflamed SRT were CD11b-, setting a maximum for any influx of plasmacytoid DCs. Of the putative myeloid DCs, a third expressed CD4 and both the CD4+ and the CD4- subsets expressed the co-stimulatory molecule CD172a. Early accumulation of MHC IIhiCD11c+ monocyte-like cells during the early phase of T cell-mediated inflammation, relative to typical MHC II- blood monocytes, suggests that recruited monocytes differentiate rapidly toward the DC lineage at this stage in the disease process. However, it is possible also that the MHC IIhiCD11c+ cells originate from a specific subset of DC-like circulating mononuclear cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Moghaddami
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Research Institute, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blöcher S, Wilker S, Sucke J, Pfeil U, Dietrich H, Weimer R, Steger K, Kaufmann A, Hirschburger M, Plötz C, Padberg W, Grau V. Acute rejection of experimental lung allografts: Characterization of intravascular mononuclear leukocytes. Clin Immunol 2007; 124:98-108. [PMID: 17513175 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes interacting with endothelia of lung allografts probably play a seminal role in acute rejection, but have not been characterized before. Transplantation was performed in the Lewis to Lewis and in the Dark Agouti to Lewis rat strain combinations. DNA replication was detected in T-cells on day 2 after pulse-labelling in vivo with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). On day 5, leukocytes were isolated by intensive perfusion the graft, subject to flow cytometry and to quantitative RT-PCR. About 34 million leukocytes accumulated in allograft vessels, but only 10 and 6 million cells in isografts and control lungs, respectively. During rejection, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and IL-10 mRNA expression increased, IL-12 mRNA decreased, whereas IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta mRNA did not change. The phenotype of graft monocytes was partially activated and intravascular T-cells proliferated. In conclusion, during rejection, monocytes with unusual properties accumulate and T-lymphocytes are activated in lung allograft blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blöcher
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Blood monocyte subpopulations have been defined in man initially, and the two major types of monocytes are the CD14++ CD16- and the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. These cells have been shown to exhibit distinct phenotype and function, and the CD14+ CD16+ were labeled proinflammatory based on higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and higher potency in antigen presentation. The current review describes these properties, including the relationship to dendritic cells, and summarizes the host of publications about CD14+ CD16+ monocytes in inflammation and infectious disease in man, all of which suggest a crucial role of these cells in the disease processes. The review also covers the more recent description of homologues of these cells in other model species, which is expected to better define the role of monocyte subsets in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loems Ziegler-Heitbrock
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rittner HL, Mousa SA, Labuz D, Beschmann K, Schäfer M, Stein C, Brack A. Selective local PMN recruitment by CXCL1 or CXCL2/3 injection does not cause inflammatory pain. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 79:1022-32. [PMID: 16522746 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0805452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) are recruited in early inflammation and are believed to contribute to inflammatory pain. However, studies demonstrating a hyperalgesic role of PMN did not examine selective PMN recruitment or did not document effective PMN recruitment. We hypothesized that hyperalgesia does not develop after chemokine-induced PMN selective recruitment and is independent of PMN infiltration in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced, local inflammation. PMN were recruited by intraplantar injection of CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1; keratinocyte-derived chemokine), CXCL2/3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2), or CFA, with or without preceding systemic PMN depletion. Chemokine inoculation resulted in dose (0-30 microg)- and time (0-12 h)-dependent, selective recruitment of PMN as quantified by flow cytometry. CXCL2/3, but not CXCL1, was less effective at high doses, probably as a result of significant down-regulation of CXC chemokine receptor 2 expression on blood PMN. Neither chemokine caused mechanical or thermal hyperalgesia as determined by the Randall-Selitto and Hargreaves test, respectively, despite comparable expression of activation markers (i.e., CD11b, CD18, and L-selectin) on infiltrating PMN. In contrast, CFA injection induced hyperalgesia, independent of PMN recruitment. c-Fos mRNA and immunoreactivity in the spinal cord were increased significantly after inoculation of CFA-independent of PMN-migration but not of CXCL2/3. Measurement of potential hyperalgesic mediators showed that hyperalgesia correlated with local prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but not with interleukin-1beta production. In summary, hyperalgesia, local PGE2 production, and spinal c-Fos expression occur after CFA-induced inflammation but not after CXCL1- or CXCL2/3-induced, selective PMN recruitment. Thus, PMN seem to be less important in inflammatory hyperalgesia than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike L Rittner
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arefieva TI, Kukhtina NB, Antonova OA, Krasnikova TL. MCP-1-stimulated chemotaxis of monocytic and endothelial cells is dependent on activation of different signaling cascades. Cytokine 2005; 31:439-46. [PMID: 16105742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is important in attracting monocytes to sites of inflammation. Besides induction of monocyte recruitment, MCP-1 can also affect chemotactic response of endothelial cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in MCP-1-induced cell migration are poorly understood. In the current investigation, we demonstrate activation of p42/44(ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatydilinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Src-kinases in both monocytes and endothelial cells stimulated with MCP-1 in vitro. The response was rapid and time-dependent, detectable within 3 min of MCP-1 stimulation. MCP-1-induced phosphorylation of p42/44(ERK1/2) MAPKs was partially blocked by inhibitor of PI3K LY294002, while phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was diminished to a greater extent in presence of Src-kinase inhibitor PP2. There was a substantial inhibition of monocyte migration upon treatment with inhibitors of p38 MAPK, at the same time inhibition of p42/44(ERK1/2) MAPK activation had no effect. On the contrary, the MCP-1-stimulated chemotaxis of endothelial cells was completely abolished by inhibitors of PI3K and p42/44(ERK1/2), but not by p38 MAPK inhibitors. These results suggest that parallel signal transduction pathways are activated by MCP-1, and that depending on the cell type these pathways differentially contribute to cell chemotactic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Arefieva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moghaddami M, Cleland LG, Mayrhofer G. MHC II+ CD45+ cells from synovium-rich tissues of normal rats: phenotype, comparison with macrophage and dendritic cell lineages and differentiation into mature dendritic cells in vitro. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1103-15. [PMID: 16030130 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial tissues are frequent sites of inflammatory disorders in which dendritic cells (DCs) may play an important role. This study examines potential antigen-presenting cells obtained from synovium-rich tissues (SRTs) by vascular perfusion of rat hind limbs with collagenase and further enzymatic digestion of the disarticulated hind paws in vitro. The three sub-populations of interest were: CD45+MHC IIhi, mainly CD11c+ and CD163-; CD45+MHC IIlo, mainly CD11c- and CD163+ and CD45+MHC II-, mainly CD11c- and CD163+. Expression of CD11c and CD163 correlated with ruffled cell-surface (CD11c+CD163-) and highly vacuolated cytoplasm (CD11c-CD163+), respectively. Culture of the CD45+CD163- sub-population in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) yielded CD45+MHC IIhi CD11c+CD163- cells with veiled morphology, while the large vacuolated cells that expressed CD163 resembled type A synoviocytes in both surface antigen phenotype and morphology. These results demonstrate that SRTs contain indeterminate cells that can differentiate into mature DCs in vitro in response to GM-CSF, plus mature synovial lining macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Moghaddami
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Unilateral chorda tympani (CT) nerve section and maintenance on a sodium-restricted diet leads to a rapid decrease in neurophysiological taste responses to sodium in the contralateral, intact CT nerve. Up-regulation of immune function with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 microg i.p.) induces a recovery of normal sodium taste responses, suggesting that the sodium-deficient diet is immunosuppressive. In fact, there is a bilateral increase in the number of lingual, activated macrophages in control-fed rats receiving CT nerve section that does not occur in sodium-deficient rats after sectioning. In the current study, we hypothesized that the LPS-induced recovery of normal taste function in sodium-deficient rats is based on an increase in the activated macrophage response to denervation. Rats receiving a unilateral CT nerve section, a sodium-restricted diet, and/or an injection of LPS (100 microg; i.p.) were overdosed with pentobarbital at day 2 postsectioning, and tongues were rapidly dissected and frozen. Cryosections were then immunohistochemically stained to determine the percentage of ED1 staining for activated macrophages or the number of alphabeta or gammadelta T cells. Activated macrophage levels were significantly increased in sodium-restricted rats that received LPS following unilateral CT nerve section, supporting our hypothesis. These novel findings suggest that LPS overcomes the immunosuppression induced by the sodium-restricted diet and also indicate that the immune system plays a role in regulating taste function after neural injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Cavallin
- Department of Physiology/CA 2093, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nave H, Bedoui S, Moenter F, Steffens J, Felies M, Gebhardt T, Straub RH, Pabst R, Dimitrijevic M, Stanojevic S, von Hörsten S. Reduced tissue immigration of monocytes by neuropeptide Y during endotoxemia is associated with Y2 receptor activation. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 155:1-12. [PMID: 15342191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) increases survival in experimental septic shock, which might be mediated by cardiovascular and/or immunological effects. To study the latter hypothesis, we monitored blood leukocyte subsets over 96 h after intravenous (i.v.) application of LPS in chronically i.v.-cannulated rats. LPS induced a dramatic leukopenia at 4 h after challenge, which was blunted in NPY-treated animals by stabilizing granulocyte and T-lymphocyte numbers. In addition, NPY treatment prevented tissue immigration of monocytes at early time points and consecutively mobilized activated monocytes from the third day after challenge. RT-PCR and in vitro adhesion studies provided evidence for a NPY Y2 receptor-mediated effect on monocytes. Thus, NPY treatment has profound receptor-specific effects on the migration and adhesion of leukocytes under endotoxemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Nave
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Dietary sodium restriction combined with unilateral chorda tympani nerve section leads to a rapid and specific decrease in neurophysiological taste responses to sodium in the contralateral, intact chorda tympani (Hill and Phillips [1994] J. Neurosci. 14:2904-2910). Previous work demonstrated that dietary sodium restriction may induce these early functional deficits by inhibiting immune activity after denervation (Phillips and Hill [1996] Am. J. Physiol. 271:R857-R862). However, little is known about the leukocyte response to denervation of taste buds in fungiform papillae. In the current study, it was hypothesized that T cells and macrophages are increased in the tongue after unilateral denervation in control-fed but not sodium-restricted animals. Adult, specified pathogen-free rats received unilateral chorda tympani nerve section or sham section followed by dietary sodium restriction or maintenance on control diet. At day 1, 2, 5, 7, or 50 postsectioning, immunostaining was used to detect the percentage of staining for activated macrophages, the number of alpha beta T cells, and the number of delta gamma epithelial T cells in the tongue. The number of lingual T cells did not significantly differ between treatment groups following denervation. However, there was a dramatic bilateral increase in ED1(+) staining for activated macrophages in control-fed rats that peaked at day 2 postsectioning. In contrast, sodium-restricted rats did not show an increase in activated macrophages above baseline at any time postsectioning. Further analysis of extralingual macrophages indicated that the deficit in immune activity in sodium-restricted rats is localized to the tongue and is not widespread. A model for immune modulation of taste receptor cell function is proposed based on these novel findings.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Both cellular and humoral functions of the immune system are modulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This interaction is mainly mediated by the release of catecholamines (CA) and their receptor-specific action on immune cells. However, neuropeptide Y (NPY), also present in sympathetic nerve terminals, is released upon SNS-stimulation. NPY modulates potent immunological effects in vitro and in vivo, such as differentiation of T helper cells, monocyte mediator release, NK cell activation, and immune cell redistribution. In addition to this direct action within the neuroimmune crosstalk, NPY is also able to modulate the immunomodulatory effects of other neurotransmitters, thereby acting as a neuroimmune co-transmitter. This review will discuss key findings from recent studies, provide implications for the clinical situation, and integrate the pleiotropic functions of NPY in the context of neuroimmune interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8502 Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Izumi T, Inoue H, Matsuura H, Mukae F, Ishikawa H, Hirano H, Tamura N. Age-related changes in the immunoreactivity of the monocyte/macrophage system in rat molar pulp after cavity preparation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94:103-10. [PMID: 12193903 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.124577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the response of the monocyte/macrophage system of dental pulp to cavity preparation in aged rats (12 and 18 months old) with that seen in young adult rats (3 and 6 months old). STUDY DESIGN Cavities were prepared on the upper first molars, and the lower first molars served as intact controls. Specimens were collected at 1 day after cavity preparation, and cryostat sections were made. RESULTS Accumulation of OX6+ antigen-presenting cells along the pulp-dentin border and a marked increase in cell size ED2+ resident macrophages were noted in both young adult and aged rats after cavity preparation. In both cases, the number of ED1+ cells increased significantly after cavity preparation because of infiltrating monocytes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the pulpal defense reaction of the monocyte/macrophage system to cavity preparation in aged rats does not differ markedly from that in young adult rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Izumi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iribarren P, Correa SG, Sodero N, Riera CM. Activation of macrophages by silicones: phenotype and production of oxidant metabolites. BMC Immunol 2002; 3:6. [PMID: 12095418 PMCID: PMC117237 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 07/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of silicones on the immune function is not fully characterized. In clinical and experimental studies, immune alterations associated with silicone gel seem to be related to macrophage activation. In this work we examined in vivo, phenotypic and functional changes on peritoneal macrophages early (24 h or 48 h) and late (45 days) after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of dimethylpolysiloxane (DMPS) (silicone). We studied the expression of adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules and both the spontaneous and the stimulated production of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide (NO). RESULTS The results presented here demonstrate that the fluid compound DMPS induced a persistent cell recruitment at the site of the injection. Besides, cell activation was still evident 45 days after the silicone injection: activated macrophages exhibited an increased expression of adhesion (CD54 and CD44) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86) and an enhanced production of oxidant metabolites and NO. CONCLUSIONS Silicones induced a persistent recruitment of leukocytes at the site of the injection and macrophage activation was still evident 45 days after the injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Iribarren
- Inmunología. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000. Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Silvia G Correa
- Inmunología. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000. Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Natalia Sodero
- Inmunología. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000. Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Clelia M Riera
- Inmunología. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000. Córdoba. Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bedoui S, Kuhlmann S, Nave H, Drube J, Pabst R, von Hörsten S. Differential effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on leukocyte subsets in the blood: mobilization of B-1-like B-lymphocytes and activated monocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 117:125-32. [PMID: 11431012 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system activation mobilizes leukocytes but it is unknown whether the concomitant neuropeptide Y (NPY)-release also alters blood leukocyte counts. Using chronic intravenous (i.v.) cannulation of freely moving rats and flow cytometry, time-, dose- and subset-specific effects of NPY on blood leukocytes were investigated 1-15 min after injection: High-dose NPY increases leukocytes numbers by preferentially mobilizing CD4(+) T-cells, activated NKR-P1A(+) monocytes and NK-cells. Low-dose NPY significantly decreases B-lymphocyte and NK-cell numbers. Furthermore, NPY dose-dependently mobilizes a previously undetected IgM(low)CD5(+)CD11b(+) B-cell subpopulation in rats ("B1-like" B-lymphocytes). These data suggest a role for the sympathetic neurotransmitter NPY in neuroimmune alterations in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bedoui
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, OE 4120, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Immunocyte-derived beta-endorphin can activate peripheral opioid receptors on sensory neurons to inhibit pain within inflamed tissue. This study examined mu-opioid receptors (MOR) on sensory nerves and beta-endorphin (END) in activated/memory CD4(+) cells (the predominant population homing to inflamed tissue). We found an upregulation of MOR in dorsal root ganglia, an increased axonal transport of MOR in the sciatic nerve and an accumulation of MOR in peripheral nerve terminals in Freund's adjuvant-induced hindpaw inflammation. A large number of CD4(+) cells containing beta-endorphin, but very few naive cells (CD45RC(+)), were observed in inflamed tissue, suggesting that this opioid is mainly present in activated/memory cells (CD4(+)/CD45RC(-)). Taken together, our results indicate an enhanced transport of both MOR and of the endogenous ligand beta-endorphin to injured tissue. This unique simultaneous upregulation of both receptors and ligands may serve to prevent excessive and/or chronic inflammatory pain.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axonal Transport/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Hindlimb
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Ligation
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/immunology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sciatic Nerve/metabolism
- Sciatic Nerve/pathology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/innervation
- Skin/pathology
- beta-Endorphin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Mousa
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|