1
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Zareein A, Mahmoudi M, Jadhav SS, Wilmore J, Wu Y. Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1981-2006. [PMID: 38456305 PMCID: PMC11019864 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell immunity has a penetrating effect on human health and diseases. Therapeutics aiming to modulate B cell immunity have achieved remarkable success in combating infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. However, current treatments still face significant limitations in generating effective long-lasting therapeutic B cell responses for many conditions. As the understanding of B cell biology has deepened in recent years, clearer regulation networks for B cell differentiation and antibody production have emerged, presenting opportunities to overcome current difficulties and realize the full therapeutic potential of B cell immunity. Biomaterial platforms have been developed to leverage these emerging concepts to augment therapeutic humoral immunity by facilitating immunogenic reagent trafficking, regulating T cell responses, and modulating the immune microenvironment. Moreover, biomaterial engineering tools have also advanced our understanding of B cell biology, further expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce the general concept of B cell immunobiology and highlight key biomaterial engineering strategies in the areas including B cell targeted antigen delivery, sustained B cell antigen delivery, antigen engineering, T cell help optimization, and B cell suppression. We will also discuss our perspective on future biomaterial engineering opportunities to leverage humoral immunity for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zareein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Joel Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS Nano 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Nakagawa S, Kurokawa M, Kambara O, Takei T, Daidoji K, Naito A, Takita M, Kawamoto A, Hirose M, Tamura A. Structural Analyses of Designed α-Helix and β-Sheet Peptide Nanofibers Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Introduction of Structure-Based Metal-Responsive Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1111. [PMID: 38256184 PMCID: PMC10816960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The 21-residue peptide α3, which is artificially designed and consists of three repeats of 7 residues, is known to rapidly assemble into the α-helix nanofiber. However, its molecular structure within the fiber has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we conducted a thorough investigation of the fiber's molecular structure using solid-state NMR and other techniques. The molecules were found to be primarily composed of the α-helix structure, with some regions near the C- and N-terminal adopting a 310-helix structure. Furthermore, it was discovered that β-sheet hydrogen bonds were formed between the molecules at both ends. These intermolecular interactions caused the molecules to assemble parallelly in the same direction, forming helical fibers. In contrast, we designed two molecules, CaRP2 and βKE, that can form β-sheet intermolecular hydrogen bonds using the entire molecule instead of just the ends. Cryo-EM and other measurements confirmed that the nanofibers formed in a cross β structure, albeit at a slow rate, with the formation times ranging from 1 to 42 days. To create peptide nanofibers that instantaneously respond to changes in the external environment, we designed several molecules (HDM1-3) based on α3 by introducing metal-binding sites. One of these molecules was found to be highly responsive to the addition of metal ions, inducing α-helix formation and simultaneously assembling into nanofibers. The nanofibers lost their structure upon removal of the metal ion. The change occurred promptly and was reversible, demonstrating that the intended level of responsiveness was attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Minami Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Ohki Kambara
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Takei
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Kengo Daidoji
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Akira Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Mao Takita
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Atsuo Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (M.K.)
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4
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Park J, Champion JA. Development of Self-Assembled Protein Nanocage Spatially Functionalized with HA Stalk as a Broadly Cross-Reactive Influenza Vaccine Platform. ACS Nano 2023; 17:25045-25060. [PMID: 38084728 PMCID: PMC10753887 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
There remains a need for the development of a universal influenza vaccine, as current seasonal influenza vaccines exhibit limited protection against mismatched, mutated, or pandemic influenza viruses. A desirable approach to developing an effective universal influenza vaccine is the incorporation of highly conserved antigens in a multivalent scaffold that enhances their immunogenicity. Here, we develop a broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccine by functionalizing self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs) with multiple copies of the hemagglutinin stalk on the outer surface and matrix protein 2 ectodomain on the inner surface. SAPNs were generated by engineering short coiled coils, and the design was simulated by MD GROMACS. Due to the short sequences, off-target immune responses against empty SAPN scaffolds were not seen in immunized mice. Vaccination with the multivalent SAPNs induces high levels of broadly cross-reactive antibodies of only external antigens, demonstrating tight spatial control over the designed antigen placement. This work demonstrates the use of SAPNs as a potential influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Park
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
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5
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Tiwari P, Yadav K, Shukla RP, Gautam S, Marwaha D, Sharma M, Mishra PR. Surface modification strategies in translocating nano-vesicles across different barriers and the role of bio-vesicles in improving anticancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:290-348. [PMID: 37714434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanovesicles and bio-vesicles (BVs) have emerged as promising tools to achieve targeted cancer therapy due to their ability to overcome many of the key challenges currently being faced with conventional chemotherapy. These challenges include the diverse and often complex pathophysiology involving the progression of cancer, as well as the various biological barriers that circumvent therapeutic molecules reaching their target site in optimum concentration. The scientific evidence suggests that surface-functionalized nanovesicles and BVs camouflaged nano-carriers (NCs) both can bypass the established biological barriers and facilitate fourth-generation targeting for the improved regimen of treatment. In this review, we intend to emphasize the role of surface-functionalized nanovesicles and BVs camouflaged NCs through various approaches that lead to an improved internalization to achieve improved and targeted oncotherapy. We have explored various strategies that have been employed to surface-functionalize and biologically modify these vesicles, including the use of biomolecule functionalized target ligands such as peptides, antibodies, and aptamers, as well as the targeting of specific receptors on cancer cells. Further, the utility of BVs, which are made from the membranes of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs) as well as cancer cells also been investigated. Lastly, we have discussed the translational challenges and limitations that these NCs can encounter and still need to be overcome in order to fully realize the potential of nanovesicles and BVs for targeted cancer therapy. The fundamental challenges that currently prevent successful cancer therapy and the necessity of novel delivery systems are in the offing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Tiwari
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Disha Marwaha
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India.
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6
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Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies made by the self-assembly of peptides are finding an increasing number of applications in various fields. While the early exploration of peptide assemblies centered on tissue engineering or regenerative medicine, the recent development has shown that peptide assemblies can act as supramolecular medicine for cancer therapy. This review covers the progress of applying peptide assemblies for cancer therapy, with the emphasis on the works appeared over the last five years. We start with the introduction of a few seminal works on peptide assemblies, then discuss the combination of peptide assemblies with anticancer drugs. Next, we highlight the use of enzyme-controlled transformation or shapeshifting of peptide assemblies for inhibiting cancer cells and tumors. After that, we provide the outlook for this exciting field that promises new kind of therapeutics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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7
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Rosa E, de Mello L, Castelletto V, Dallas ML, Accardo A, Seitsonen J, Hamley IW. Cell Adhesion Motif-Functionalized Lipopeptides: Nanostructure and Selective Myoblast Cytocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:213-224. [PMID: 36520063 PMCID: PMC9832505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformation and self-assembly of four lipopeptides, peptide amphiphiles comprising peptides conjugated to lipid chains, in aqueous solution have been examined. The peptide sequence in all four lipopeptides contains the integrin cell adhesion RGDS motif, and the cytocompatibility of the lipopeptides is also analyzed. Lipopeptides have either tetradecyl (C14, myristyl) or hexadecyl (C16, palmitoyl) lipid chains and peptide sequence WGGRGDS or GGGRGDS, that is, with either a tryptophan-containing WGG or triglycine GGG tripeptide spacer between the bioactive peptide motif and the alkyl chain. All four lipopeptides self-assemble above a critical aggregation concentration (CAC), determined through several comparative methods using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence. Spectroscopic methods [CD and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy] show the presence of β-sheet structures, consistent with the extended nanotape, helical ribbon, and nanotube structures observed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The high-quality cryo-TEM images clearly show the coexistence of helically twisted ribbon and nanotube structures for C14-WGGRGDS, which highlight the mechanism of nanotube formation by the closure of the ribbons. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the nanotapes comprise highly interdigitated peptide bilayers, which are also present in the walls of the nanotubes. Hydrogel formation was observed at sufficiently high concentrations or could be induced by a heat/cool protocol at lower concentrations. Birefringence due to nematic phase formation was observed for several of the lipopeptides, along with spontaneous flow alignment of the lyotropic liquid crystal structure in capillaries. Cell viability assays were performed using both L929 fibroblasts and C2C12 myoblasts to examine the potential uses of the lipopeptides in tissue engineering, with a specific focus on application to cultured (lab-grown) meat, based on myoblast cytocompatibility. Indeed, significantly higher cytocompatibility of myoblasts was observed for all four lipopeptides compared to that for fibroblasts, in particular at a lipopeptide concentration below the CAC. Cytocompatibility could also be improved using hydrogels as cell supports for fibroblasts or myoblasts. Our work highlights that precision control of peptide sequences using bulky aromatic residues within "linker sequences" along with alkyl chain selection can be used to tune the self-assembled nanostructure. In addition, the RGDS-based lipopeptides show promise as materials for tissue engineering, especially those of muscle precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosa
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K.,Department
of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lucas de Mello
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K.,Departamento
de Biofísica, Universidade Federal
de São Paulo, São
Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K.
| | - Mark L. Dallas
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K.
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department
of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, Espoo FIN-02150, Finland
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K.,
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8
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Shi T, Sun M, Lu C, Meng F. Self-assembled nanoparticles: A new platform for revolutionizing therapeutic cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125253. [PMID: 36895553 PMCID: PMC9988954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have had some success in the past decade. Based on in-depth analysis of tumor antigen genomics, many therapeutic vaccines have already entered clinical trials for multiple cancers, including melanoma, lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which have demonstrated impressive tumor immunogenicity and antitumor activity. Recently, vaccines based on self-assembled nanoparticles are being actively developed as cancer treatment, and their feasibility has been confirmed in both mice and humans. In this review, we summarize recent therapeutic cancer vaccines based on self-assembled nanoparticles. We describe the basic ingredients for self-assembled nanoparticles, and how they enhance vaccine immunogenicity. We also discuss the novel design method for self-assembled nanoparticles that pose as a promising delivery platform for cancer vaccines, and the potential in combination with multiple therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengna Sun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Changchang Lu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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9
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Files MA, Kristjansson KM, Rudra JS, Endsley JJ. Nanomaterials-based vaccines to target intracellular bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040105. [PMID: 36466676 PMCID: PMC9715960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel immunization approaches to combat a growing list of emerging and ancient infectious agents is a global health priority. Intensive efforts over the last several decades have identified alternative approaches to improve upon traditional vaccines that are based on live, attenuated agents, or formulations of inactivated agents with adjuvants. Rapid advances in RNA-based and other delivery systems for immunization have recently revolutionized the potential to protect populations from viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Similar efforts to combat bacterial pathogens, especially species with an intracellular niche, have lagged significantly. In the past decade, advances in nanotechnology have yielded a variety of new antigen/adjuvant carrier systems for use in vaccine development against infectious viruses and bacteria. The tunable properties of nanomaterial-based vaccines allow for balancing immunogenicity and safety which is a key hurdle in traditional antigen and adjuvant formulations. In this review, we discuss several novel nanoparticle-based vaccine platforms that show promise for use against intracellular bacteria as demonstrated by the feasibility of construction, enhanced antigen presentation, induction of cell mediated and humoral immune responses, and improved survival outcomes in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Files
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kadin M. Kristjansson
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jai S. Rudra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX, United States
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10
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Jorgensen MD, Chmielewski J. Recent advances in coiled-coil peptide materials and their biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11625-11636. [PMID: 36172799 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has gone into deciphering the sequence requirements for peptides to fold into coiled-coils of varying oligomeric states. More recently, additional signals have been introduced within coiled-coils to promote higher order assembly into biomaterials with a rich distribution of morphologies. Herein we describe these strategies for association of coiled-coil building blocks and biomedical applications. With many of the systems described herein having proven use in protein storage, cargo binding and delivery, three dimensional cell culturing and vaccine development, the future potential of coiled-coil materials to have significant biomedical impact is highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jorgensen
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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11
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Monroe MK, Wang H, Anderson CF, Jia H, Flexner C, Cui H. Leveraging the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides for the treatment of viral infections. J Control Release 2022; 348:1028-1049. [PMID: 35752254 PMCID: PMC11022941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and peptide-based materials have an increasing role in the treatment of viral infections through their use as active pharmaceutical ingredients, targeting moieties, excipients, carriers, or structural components in drug delivery systems. The discovery of peptide-based therapeutic compounds, coupled with the development of new stabilization and formulation strategies, has led to a resurgence of antiviral peptide therapeutics over the past two decades. The ability of peptides to bind cell receptors and to facilitate membrane penetration and subsequent intracellular trafficking enables their use in various antiviral systems for improved targeting efficiency and treatment efficacy. Importantly, the self-assembly of peptides into well-defined nanostructures provides a vast library of discrete constructs and supramolecular biomaterials for systemic and local delivery of antiviral agents. We review here the recent progress in exploiting the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides, peptide conjugates, and their supramolecular assemblies in treating human viral infections, with an emphasis on the treatment strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Monroe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Caleb F Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Charles Flexner
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Deptartment of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America.
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12
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Wu Y, Wen H, Bernstein ZJ, Hainline KM, Blakney TS, Congdon KL, Snyder DJ, Sampson JH, Sanchez-Perez L, Collier JH. Multiepitope supramolecular peptide nanofibers eliciting coordinated humoral and cellular antitumor immune responses. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm7833. [PMID: 35857833 PMCID: PMC9299545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines inducing antibodies against tumor-specific antigens have yet to be clinically successful. Here, we use a supramolecular α-helical peptide nanofiber approach to design epitope-specific vaccines raising simultaneous B cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell responses against combinations of selected epitopes and show that the concurrent induction of these responses generates strong antitumor effects in mice, with significant improvements over antibody or CD8+ T cell-based vaccines alone, in both prophylactic and therapeutic subcutaneous melanoma models. Nanofiber vaccine-induced antibodies mediated in vitro tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The addition of immune checkpoint and phagocytosis checkpoint blockade antibodies further improved the therapeutic effect of the nanofiber vaccines against murine melanoma. These findings highlight the potential clinical benefit of vaccine-induced antibody responses for tumor treatments, provided that they are accompanied by simultaneous CD8+ and CD4+ responses, and they illustrate a multiepitope cancer vaccine design approach using supramolecular nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hanning Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kelly M. Hainline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tykia S. Blakney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David J. Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John H. Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Lam NT, McCluskey JB, Glover DJ. Harnessing the Structural and Functional Diversity of Protein Filaments as Biomaterial Scaffolds. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:4668-4686. [PMID: 35766918 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural ability of many proteins to polymerize into highly structured filaments has been harnessed as scaffolds to align functional molecules in a diverse range of biomaterials. Protein-engineering methodologies also enable the structural and physical properties of filaments to be tailored for specific biomaterial applications through genetic engineering or filaments built from the ground up using advances in the computational prediction of protein folding and assembly. Using these approaches, protein filament-based biomaterials have been engineered to accelerate enzymatic catalysis, provide routes for the biomineralization of inorganic materials, facilitate energy production and transfer, and provide support for mammalian cells for tissue engineering. In this review, we describe how the unique structural and functional diversity in natural and computationally designed protein filaments can be harnessed in biomaterials. In addition, we detail applications of these protein assemblies as material scaffolds with a particular emphasis on applications that exploit unique properties of specific filaments. Through the diversity of protein filaments, the biomaterial engineer's toolbox contains many modular protein filaments that will likely be incorporated as the main structural component of future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Lam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joshua B McCluskey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Glover
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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14
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Kreutzberger MAB, Wang S, Beltran LC, Tuachi A, Zuo X, Egelman EH, Conticello VP. Phenol-soluble modulins PSMα3 and PSMβ2 form nanotubes that are cross-α amyloids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121586119. [PMID: 35533283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121586119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are peptide-based virulence factors that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal strains in community-associated and hospital-associated infections. In addition to cytotoxicity, PSMs display the propensity to self-assemble into fibrillar species, which may be mediated through the formation of amphipathic conformations. Here, we analyze the self-assembly behavior of two PSMs, PSMα3 and PSMβ2, which are derived from peptides expressed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a significant human pathogen. In both cases, we observed the formation of a mixture of self-assembled species including twisted filaments, helical ribbons, and nanotubes, which can reversibly interconvert in vitro. Cryo–electron microscopy structural analysis of three PSM nanotubes, two derived from PSMα3 and one from PSMβ2, revealed that the assemblies displayed remarkably similar structures based on lateral association of cross-α amyloid protofilaments. The amphipathic helical conformations of PSMα3 and PSMβ2 enforced a bilayer arrangement within the protofilaments that defined the structures of the respective PSMα3 and PSMβ2 nanotubes. We demonstrate that, similar to amyloids based on cross-β protofilaments, cross-α amyloids derived from these PSMs display polymorphism, not only in terms of the global morphology (e.g., twisted filament, helical ribbon, and nanotube) but also with respect to the number of protofilaments within a given peptide assembly. These results suggest that the folding landscape of PSM derivatives may be more complex than originally anticipated and that the assemblies are able to sample a wide range of supramolecular structural space.
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15
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Miller JG, Hughes SA, Modlin C, Conticello VP. Structures of synthetic helical filaments and tubes based on peptide and peptido-mimetic polymers. Q Rev Biophys 2022; 55:1-103. [PMID: 35307042 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583522000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynthetic peptide and peptido-mimetic filaments and tubes represent a diverse class of nanomaterials with a broad range of potential applications, such as drug delivery, vaccine development, synthetic catalyst design, encapsulation, and energy transduction. The structures of these filaments comprise supramolecular polymers based on helical arrangements of subunits that can be derived from self-assembly of monomers based on diverse structural motifs. In recent years, structural analyses of these materials at near-atomic resolution (NAR) have yielded critical insights into the relationship between sequence, local conformation, and higher-order structure and morphology. This structural information offers the opportunity for development of new tools to facilitate the predictable and reproduciblede novodesign of synthetic helical filaments. However, these studies have also revealed several significant impediments to the latter process – most notably, the common occurrence of structural polymorphism due to the lability of helical symmetry in structural space. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the structures of designed peptide and peptido-mimetic filamentous assemblies, with a focus on structures that have been solved to NAR for which reliable atomic models are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn G Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Spencer A Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Charles Modlin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
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16
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Weeks WB, Tainter CJ, Buchanan LE. Investigating the effects of N-terminal acetylation on KFE8 self-assembly with 2D IR spectroscopy. Biophys J 2022; 121:1549-1559. [PMID: 35247339 PMCID: PMC9072574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is an exciting and robust approach to create novel nanoscale materials for biomedical applications. However, the complex interplay between intra- and intermolecular interactions in peptide aggregation means that minor changes in peptide sequence can yield dramatic changes in supramolecular structure. Here, we use two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy to study a model amphiphilic peptide, KFE8, and its N-terminal acetylated counterpart, AcKFE8. 2D IR spectra of isotope-labeled peptides reveal that AcKFE8 aggregates comprise two distinct β-sheet structures while KFE8 aggregates comprise only one of these structures. Using an excitonic Hamiltonian to simulate the vibrational spectra of model β-sheets, we determine that the spectra are consistent with antiparallel β-sheets with different strand alignments, specifically a two-residue shift in the register of the β-strands. These findings bring forth new insights into how N-terminal acetylation may subtly impact secondary structure, leading to larger effects on overall aggregate morphology. Additionally, these results highlight the importance of understanding the residue-level structural differences that result from changes in peptide sequence in order to facilitate the rational design of peptide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig J Tainter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Gray VP, Amelung CD, Duti IJ, Laudermilch EG, Letteri RA, Lampe KJ. Biomaterials via peptide assembly: Design, characterization, and application in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:43-75. [PMID: 34710626 PMCID: PMC8829437 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A core challenge in biomaterials, with both fundamental significance and technological relevance, concerns the rational design of bioactive microenvironments. Designed properly, peptides can undergo supramolecular assembly into dynamic, physical hydrogels that mimic the mechanical, topological, and biochemical features of native tissue microenvironments. The relatively facile, inexpensive, and automatable preparation of peptides, coupled with low batch-to-batch variability, motivates the expanded use of assembling peptide hydrogels for biomedical applications. Integral to realizing dynamic peptide assemblies as functional biomaterials for tissue engineering is an understanding of the molecular and macroscopic features that govern assembly, morphology, and biological interactions. In this review, we first discuss the design of assembling peptides, including primary structure (sequence), secondary structure (e.g., α-helix and β-sheets), and molecular interactions that facilitate assembly into multiscale materials with desired properties. Next, we describe characterization tools for elucidating molecular structure and interactions, morphology, bulk properties, and biological functionality. Understanding of these characterization methods enables researchers to access a variety of approaches in this ever-expanding field. Finally, we discuss the biological properties and applications of peptide-based biomaterials for engineering several important tissues. By connecting molecular features and mechanisms of assembling peptides to the material and biological properties, we aim to guide the design and characterization of peptide-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Engineering peptide-based biomaterials that mimic the topological and mechanical properties of natural extracellular matrices provide excellent opportunities to direct cell behavior for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we review the molecular-scale features of assembling peptides that result in biomaterials that exhibit a variety of relevant extracellular matrix-mimetic properties and promote beneficial cell-biomaterial interactions. Aiming to inspire and guide researchers approaching this challenge from both the peptide biomaterial design and tissue engineering perspectives, we also present characterization tools for understanding the connection between peptide structure and properties and highlight the use of peptide-based biomaterials in neural, orthopedic, cardiac, muscular, and immune engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Gray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Connor D Amelung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Israt Jahan Duti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Emma G Laudermilch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
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18
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Mohseninia A, Dehghani P, Bargahi A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Rahimikian R, Movahed A, Reza Farzaneh M, Mohammadi M. Harnessing self-assembling peptide nanofibers toprime robust tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108522. [PMID: 35032825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Induction of tumor-specific CD8 + T cell responses is known as a major challenge for cancer vaccine development; here we presented a strategy to improve peptide nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune responses. To this end, peptide nanofibers bearing class I (Kb)-restricted epitope (Epi-Nano) were formulated with polyethylene imine backbone (Epi-Nano-PEI), and characterized using morphological and physicochemicalcharacterizationtechniques. Nanofibers were studied in terms of their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), antigen cross-presentation capacity, and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, nanofibers were assessed by their potency to induce NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines and factors. Finally, the ability of nanofibers to induce tumor-specific CD8 T cells and tumor protection were investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI led to the formation of short strand nanofibers with a positive surface charge, a low critical aggregation concentration (CAC), and an increased resistancetoproteolytic degradation. Epi-Nano-PEI was significantly taken up more efficiently by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and was more potent in cross-presentation when compared to Epi-Nano. Moreover, Epi-Nano-PEI, in comparison to Epi-Nano, efficiently up-regulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1b, IL18 and IL-6. Cell viability analysis showed that formulation of PEI with Epi-Nano not only abolished its cytotoxic activity, but surprisingly induced macrophage proliferation. Furthermore, it demonstrated that Epi-Nano-PEI triggered robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and induced maximum antitumor response (tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival) in tumor-bearing mice that were significantly higher compared to Epi-Nano. Taken together, the formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI is suggested as a promising strategy to improve nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mohseninia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Parva Dehghani
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University Of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raha Rahimikian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Movahed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University Of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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19
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Abstract
This review discusses peptide epitopes used as antigens in the development of vaccines in clinical trials as well as future vaccine candidates. It covers peptides used in potential immunotherapies for infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, hepatitis B and C, HIV, malaria, and others. In addition, peptides for cancer vaccines that target examples of overexpressed proteins are summarized, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), mucin 1 (MUC1), folate receptor, and others. The uses of peptides to target cancers caused by infective agents, for example, cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), are also discussed. This review also provides an overview of model peptide epitopes used to stimulate non-specific immune responses, and of self-adjuvanting peptides, as well as the influence of other adjuvants on peptide formulations. As highlighted in this review, several peptide immunotherapies are in advanced clinical trials as vaccines, and there is great potential for future therapies due the specificity of the response that can be achieved using peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
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20
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Abstract
Vaccination renders protection against pathogens via stimulation of the body's natural immune responses. Classical vaccines that utilize whole organisms or proteins have several disadvantages, such as induction of undesired immune responses, poor stability, and manufacturing difficulties. The use of minimal immunogenic pathogen components as vaccine antigens, i.e., peptides, can greatly reduce these shortcomings. However, subunit antigens require a specific delivery system and immune adjuvant to increase their efficacy. Recently, nanotechnology has been extensively utilized to address this issue. Nanotechnology-based formulation of peptide vaccines can boost immunogenicity and efficiently induce cellular and humoral immune responses. This chapter outlines the recent developments and advances of nano-sized delivery platforms for peptide antigens, including nanoparticles composed of polymers, peptides, lipids, and inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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21
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Ariawan AD, van Eersel J, Martin AD, Ke YD, Ittner LM. Recent progress in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccine development. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4037-4057. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is a proven way to protect individuals against many infectious diseases, as currently highlighted in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Peptides- or small molecule antigen-based vaccination offer advantages over the...
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22
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Jin S, Zhuo SH, Takemoto Y, Li YM, Uesugi M. Self-assembling small-molecule adjuvants as antigen nano-carriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12228-12231. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-carrier adjuvant for antigens: the co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants and the high degree of antigen presentation are achieved by conjugating peptide antigens with cholicamide, a self-assembling small molecule adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Jin
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shao-hua Zhuo
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yasushi Takemoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yan-mei Li
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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23
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Abstract
Currently approved replication-competent and inactivated vaccines are limited by excessive reactogenicity and poor safety profiles, while subunit vaccines are often insufficiently immunogenic without co-administering exogenous adjuvants. Self-assembling peptide-, peptidomimetic-, and protein-based biomaterials offer a means to overcome these challenges through their inherent modularity, multivalency, and biocompatibility. As these scaffolds are biologically derived and present antigenic arrays reminiscent of natural viruses, they are prone to immune recognition and are uniquely capable of functioning as self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery vehicles that improve humoral and cellular responses. Beyond this intrinsic immunological advantage, the wide range of available amino acids allows for facile de novo design or straightforward modifications to existing sequences. This has permitted the development of vaccines and immunotherapies tailored to specific disease models, as well as generalizable platforms that have been successfully applied to prevent or treat numerous infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce the immune system, discuss the structural determinants of coiled coils, β-sheets, peptide amphiphiles, and protein subunit nanoparticles, and highlight the utility of these materials using notable examples of their innate and adaptive immunomodulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor L O'Neill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Paresh C Shrimali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Zain P Clapacs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Megan A Files
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
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24
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Bhorkar I, Dhoble AS. Advances in the synthesis and application of self-assembling biomaterials. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2021:S0079-6107(21)00091-2. [PMID: 34329646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study scrutinized some of the crucial advancements in the synthesis and functionalisation of self-assembling biomaterials for application in biomedicine. The basic concept of self-organization was discussed along with the mechanisms and methods involved in its implementation with biomaterials. Further, several recent applications of this technology in the biological and medical domain, and the avenues for future research and development were presented. This study brought to focus the vast potential of basic and applied research involved, especially in the context of hybrids and composites, as well as the difference in pace of new developments for different types of biomolecular materials. As nanobiotechnology matures, the tools and techniques available for developing and controlling self-assembled biomaterials as well as studying their interaction with biological tissue, will grow exponentially. Presently, self-assembly remains a potent tool for the synthesis of functional biomaterials.
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25
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Fries CN, Chen JL, Dennis ML, Votaw NL, Eudailey J, Watts BE, Hainline KM, Cain DW, Barfield R, Chan C, Moody MA, Haynes BF, Saunders KO, Permar SR, Fouda GG, Collier JH. HIV envelope antigen valency on peptide nanofibers modulates antibody magnitude and binding breadth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14494. [PMID: 34262096 PMCID: PMC8280189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is the genetic diversity of its viral envelope. Because of the broad range of sequences exhibited by HIV-1 strains, protective antibodies must be able to bind and neutralize a widely mutated viral envelope protein. No vaccine has yet been designed which induces broadly neutralizing or protective immune responses against HIV in humans. Nanomaterial-based vaccines have shown the ability to generate antibody and cellular immune responses of increased breadth and neutralization potency. Thus, we have developed supramolecular nanofiber-based immunogens bearing the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein. These immunogens generated antibody responses that had increased magnitude and binding breadth compared to soluble gp120. By varying gp120 density on nanofibers, we determined that increased antigen valency was associated with increased antibody magnitude and germinal center responses. This study presents a proof-of-concept for a nanofiber vaccine platform generating broad, high binding antibody responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Campus, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria L Dennis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Campus, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joshua Eudailey
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Brian E Watts
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kelly M Hainline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Campus, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard Barfield
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 103020, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 103020, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 103020, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Campus, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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26
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Zhang Z, Ai S, Yang Z, Li X. Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels for local drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:482-503. [PMID: 34015417 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels have shown great promise as drug delivery systems (DDSs) because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, biological function, synthetic feasibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli. Self-assembling peptide molecules are able rationally designed into specific nanoarchitectures in response to the different environmental factors under different circumstances. Among all stimuli that have been investigated, utilizing inherent biological microenvironment, such as metal ions, enzymes and endogenous redox species, to trigger self-assembly endows such systems spatiotemporal controllability to transport therapeutics more accurately. Materials formed by weak non-covalent interactions result in the shear-thinning and immediate recovery behavior. Thus, they are injectable via a syringe or catheter, making them the ideal vehicles to deliver drugs. Based on the above merits, self-assembling peptide-based DDSs have been applied to treat various diseases via direct administration at the lesion site. Herein, in this review, we outline the triggers for inducing peptide-based hydrogels formation and serving as DDSs. We also described the advancements of peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels for local drug delivery, including intratumoral, subcutaneous, ischemia-related tissue (intramyocardial, intrarenal, and ischemic hind limb), and ocular administration. Finally, we give a brief perspective about the prospects and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Sifan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
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27
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Delfi M, Sartorius R, Ashrafizadeh M, Sharifi E, Zhang Y, De Berardinis P, Zarrabi A, Varma RS, Tay FR, Smith BR, Makvandi P. Self-assembled peptide and protein nanostructures for anti-cancer therapy: Targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive devices and immunotherapy. Nano Today 2021; 38:101119. [PMID: 34267794 PMCID: PMC8276870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptides and proteins possess tremendous potential as targeted drug delivery systems and key applications of these well-defined nanostructures reside in anti-cancer therapy. Peptides and proteins can self-assemble into nanostructures of diverse sizes and shapes in response to changing environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, as well as host and guest molecular interactions; their countless benefits include good biocompatibility and high loading capacity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. These self-assembled nanomaterials can be adorned with functional moieties to specifically target tumor cells. Stimuli-responsive features can also be incorporated with respect to the tumor microenvironment. This review sheds light on the growing interest in self-assembled peptides and proteins and their burgeoning applications in cancer treatment and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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28
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Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating various respiratory diseases but an effective carrier for the delivery of siRNA into the cells of the lungs and a robust gene-silencing effect is still lacking. Previously, we reported that the KL4 peptide, a synthetic cationic peptide with a repeating KLLLL sequence, can mediate effective siRNA transfection in lung epithelial cells but its high hydrophobic leucine content, and hence poor water solubility, limits its application as a delivery vector. Here, we show that the covalent attachment of monodisperse poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) improves the solubility of KL4 and the uptake of its complex with siRNA into lung epithelial cells, such that very robust silencing is produced. All PEGylated KL4 peptides, with PEG length varying between 6 and 24 monomers, could bind and form nanosized complexes with siRNA, but the interaction between siRNA and peptides became weaker as the PEG chain length increased. All PEGylated KL4 peptides exhibited satisfactory siRNA transfection efficiency on three human lung epithelial cell lines, including A549 cells, Calu-3 cells, and BEAS-2B cells. The PEG12KL4 peptide, which contains 12 monomers of PEG, was optimal for siRNA delivery and also demonstrated a low risk of inflammatory response and toxicity in vivo following pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Leon T L Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jason C K Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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29
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Roth G, Saouaf OM, Smith AAA, Gale EC, Hernández MA, Idoyaga J, Appel EA. Prolonged Codelivery of Hemagglutinin and a TLR7/8 Agonist in a Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogel Enhances Potency and Breadth of Influenza Vaccination. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1889-1899. [PMID: 33404236 PMCID: PMC8153386 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sustained release of vaccine cargo has been shown to improve humoral immune responses to challenging pathogens such as influenza. Extended codelivery of antigen and adjuvant prolongs germinal center reactions, thus improving antibody affinity maturation and the ability to neutralize the target pathogen. Here, we develop an injectable, physically cross-linked polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel system to prolong the local codelivery of hemagglutinin and a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (TLR7/8a) adjuvant. By tethering the TLR7/8a to a NP motif within the hydrogels (TLR7/8a-NP), the dynamic mesh of the PNP hydrogels enables codiffusion of the adjuvant and protein antigen (hemagglutinin), therefore enabling sustained codelivery of these two physicochemically distinct molecules. We show that subcutaneous delivery of PNP hydrogels carrying hemagglutinin and TLR7/8a-NP in mice improves the magnitude and duration of antibody titers in response to a single injection vaccination compared to clinically used adjuvants. Furthermore, the PNP gel-based slow delivery of influenza vaccines led to increased breadth of antibody responses against future influenza variants, including a future pandemic variant, compared to clinical adjuvants. In summary, this work introduces a simple and effective vaccine delivery platform that increases the potency and durability of influenza subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie
A. Roth
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anton A. A. Smith
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marcela Alcántara Hernández
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Votaw NL, Collier L, Curvino EJ, Wu Y, Fries CN, Ojeda MT, Collier JH. Randomized peptide assemblies for enhancing immune responses to nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120825. [PMID: 33901731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of inducing immune responses with minimal associated inflammation are of interest in applications ranging from tissue repair to vaccines. Here we report the design of self-assembling randomized polypeptide nanomaterials inspired by glatiramoids, an immunomodulatory class of linear random copolymers. We hypothesized that peptide self-assemblies bearing similar randomized polypeptides would similarly raise responses skewed toward Type 2 immunity and TH2 T-cell responses, additionally strengthening responses to co-assembled peptide epitopes in the absence of adjuvant. We developed a method for synthesizing self-assembling peptides terminated with libraries of randomized polypeptides (termed KEYA) with good batch-to-batch reproducibility. These peptides formed regular nanofibers and raised strong antibody responses without adjuvants. KEYA modifications dramatically improved uptake of peptide nanofibers in vitro by antigen presenting cells, and served as strong B-cell and T-cell epitopes in vivo, enhancing immune responses against epitopes relevant to influenza and chronic inflammation while inducing a KEYA-specific Type 2/TH2/IL-4 phenotype. KEYA modifications also increased IL-4 production by T cells, extended the residence time of nanofibers, induced no measurable swelling in footpad injections, and decreased overall T cell expansion compared to unmodified nanofibers, further suggesting a TH2 T-cell response with minimal inflammation. Collectively, this work introduces a biomaterial capable of raising strong Type 2/TH2/IL-4 immune responses, with potential applications ranging from vaccination to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Votaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Lauren Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Curvino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Madison T Ojeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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31
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Fries CN, Curvino EJ, Chen JL, Permar SR, Fouda GG, Collier JH. Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 32807876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases, there remain numerous globally devastating diseases without fully protective vaccines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. Nanotechnology approaches are being developed both to design new vaccines against these diseases as well as to facilitate their global implementation. The reasons why a given pathogen may present difficulties for vaccine design are unique and tied to the co-evolutionary history of the pathogen and humans, but there are common challenges that nanotechnology is beginning to help address. In each case, a successful vaccine will need to raise immune responses that differ from the immune responses raised by normal infection. Nanomaterials, with their defined compositions, commonly modular construction, and length scales allowing the engagement of key immune pathways, collectively facilitate the iterative design process necessary to identify such protective immune responses and achieve them reliably. Nanomaterials also provide strategies for engineering the trafficking and delivery of vaccine components to key immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they can be highly multivalent, improving their engagement with the immune system. This Review will discuss these aspects along with recent nanomaterial advances towards vaccines against infectious disease, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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32
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Kelly SH, Cossette BJ, Varadhan AK, Wu Y, Collier JH. Titrating Polyarginine into Nanofibers Enhances Cyclic-Dinucleotide Adjuvanticity in Vitro and after Sublingual Immunization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1876-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Cossette
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ajay K. Varadhan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joel H. Collier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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33
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Castelletto V, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Hamley IW. Alpha helical surfactant-like peptides self-assemble into pH-dependent nanostructures. Soft Matter 2021; 17:3096-3104. [PMID: 33598669 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A designed surfactant-like peptide is shown, using a combination of cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, to have remarkable pH-dependent self-assembly properties. Peptide Arg3-Leu12 (R3L12) forms a network of peptide nanotubes at pH 9 and below. These are associated with α-helical conformation in a "cross-α" nanotube structure, in which peptide dimers lie perpendicular to the nanotube axis, with arginine coated inner and outer nanotube walls. In contrast, this peptide forms decorated vesicular aggregates at higher pH values, close to the pKa of the arginine residues. These structures are associated with a loss of α-helical order as detected through X-ray scattering, circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy, the latter technique also revealing a loss of ordering of leucine side chains. This suggests a proposed model for the decorated or patchy vesicular structures that comprises disordered peptide as the matrix of the membrane, with small domains of ordered peptide dimers forming the minority domains. We ascribe this to a lipid-raft like phase separation process, due to conformational disordering of the leucine hydrophobic chains. The observation of the self-assembly of a simple surfactant-like peptide into these types of nanostructure is remarkable, and peptide R3L12 shows unique pH-dependent morphological and conformational behaviour, with the potential for a range of future applications.
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34
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35
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Kelly SH, Opolot EE, Wu Y, Cossette B, Varadhan AK, Collier JH. Tabletized Supramolecular Assemblies for Sublingual Peptide Immunization. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001614. [PMID: 33634607 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Widespread vaccination is essential to global health. Significant barriers exist to improving vaccine coverage in lower- and middle-income countries, including the costly requirements for cold-chain distribution and trained medical personnel to administer the vaccines. A heat-stable and highly porous tablet vaccine that can be administered sublingually via simple dissolution under the tongue is described. SIMPL tablet vaccines (Supramolecular IMmunization with Peptides subLingually) are produced by freeze-drying a mixture of self-assembling peptide-polymer nanofibers, sugars, and adjuvant. Sublingual immunization with SIMPL tablets raises antibody responses against both a model epitope from ovalbumin and a clinically relevant epitope from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, sublingual antibody responses are not diminished after heating the tablets for 1 week at 45 °C, in contrast to a more conventional carrier vaccine (KLH). This approach directly addresses the need for a heat-stable and easily deliverable vaccine to improve equity in global vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | | | - Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Benjamin Cossette
- Biomedical Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Ajay K. Varadhan
- Biomedical Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Joel H. Collier
- Biomedical Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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36
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Nguyen QD, Kikuchi K, Maity B, Ueno T. The Versatile Manipulations of Self-Assembled Proteins in Vaccine Design. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1934. [PMID: 33669238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein assemblies provide unique structural features which make them useful as carrier molecules in biomedical and chemical science. Protein assemblies can accommodate a variety of organic, inorganic and biological molecules such as small proteins and peptides and have been used in development of subunit vaccines via display parts of viral pathogens or antigens. Such subunit vaccines are much safer than traditional vaccines based on inactivated pathogens which are more likely to produce side-effects. Therefore, to tackle a pandemic and rapidly produce safer and more effective subunit vaccines based on protein assemblies, it is necessary to understand the basic structural features which drive protein self-assembly and functionalization of portions of pathogens. This review highlights recent developments and future perspectives in production of non-viral protein assemblies with essential structural features of subunit vaccines.
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37
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Wang F, Gnewou O, Modlin C, Beltran LC, Xu C, Su Z, Juneja P, Grigoryan G, Egelman EH, Conticello VP. Structural analysis of cross α-helical nanotubes provides insight into the designability of filamentous peptide nanomaterials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:407. [PMID: 33462223 PMCID: PMC7814010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exquisite structure-function correlations observed in filamentous protein assemblies provide a paradigm for the design of synthetic peptide-based nanomaterials. However, the plasticity of quaternary structure in sequence-space and the lability of helical symmetry present significant challenges to the de novo design and structural analysis of such filaments. Here, we describe a rational approach to design self-assembling peptide nanotubes based on controlling lateral interactions between protofilaments having an unusual cross-α supramolecular architecture. Near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structural analysis of seven designed nanotubes provides insight into the designability of interfaces within these synthetic peptide assemblies and identifies a non-native structural interaction based on a pair of arginine residues. This arginine clasp motif can robustly mediate cohesive interactions between protofilaments within the cross-α nanotubes. The structure of the resultant assemblies can be controlled through the sequence and length of the peptide subunits, which generates synthetic peptide filaments of similar dimensions to flagella and pili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ordy Gnewou
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Charles Modlin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Leticia C Beltran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Chunfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhangli Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Puneet Juneja
- The Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core (IEMC), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gevorg Grigoryan
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vincent P Conticello
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,The Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core (IEMC), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Zhongli Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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39
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Abstract
Immunotherapies harness an individual's immune system to battle diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. During cancer, the immune system often fails to detect and destroy cancerous cells, whereas during autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks self-tissue. Immunotherapies can help guide more effective responses in these settings, as evidenced by recent advances with monoclonal antibodies and adoptive cell therapies. However, despite the transformative gains of immunotherapies for patients, many therapies are not curative, work only for a small subset of patients, and lack specificity in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cells, which can cause severe side effects. From this perspective, self-assembled biomaterials are promising technologies that could help address some of the limitations facing immunotherapies. For example, self-assembly allows precision control over the combination and relative concentration of immune cues and directed cargo display densities. These capabilities support selectivity and potency that could decrease off-target effects and enable modular or personalized immunotherapies. The underlying forces driving self-assembly of most systems in aqueous solution result from hydrophobic interactions or charge polarity. In this Account, we highlight how these forces are being used to self-assemble immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disease.Hydrophobic interactions can create a range of intricate structures, including peptide nanofibers, nanogels, micelle-like particles, and in vivo assemblies with protein carriers. Certain nanofibers with hydrophobic domains uniquely benefit from the ability to elicit immune responses without additional stimulatory signals. This feature can reduce nonspecific inflammation but may also limit the nanofiber's application because of their inherent stimulatory properties. Micelle-like particles have been developed with the ability to incorporate a range of tumor-specific antigens for immunotherapies in mouse models of cancer. Key observations have revealed that both the total dose of antigen and display density of antigen per particle can impact immune response and efficacy of immunotherapies. These developments are promising benchmarks that could reveal design principles for engineering more specific and personalized immunotherapies.There has also been extensive work to develop platforms using electrostatic interactions to drive assembly of oppositely charged immune signals. These strategies benefit from the ability to tune biophysical interactions between components by altering the ratio of cationic to anionic charge during formulation, or the density of charge. Using a layer-by-layer assembly method, our lab developed hollow capsules composed entirely of immune signals for therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease models. This platform allowed for 100% of the immunotherapy to be composed of immune signals and completely prevents the onset of disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Layer-by-layer assembly has also been used to coat microneedle patches to target signals to immune cells in the dermal layer. As an alternative to layer-by-layer assembly, one step assembly can be achieved by mixing cationic and anionic components in solution. Additional approaches have created molecular structures that leverage hydrogen bonding for self-assembly. The creativity of engineered self-assembly has led to key insights that could benefit future immunotherapies and revealed aspects that require further study. The challenge now remains to utilize these insights to push development of new immunotherapeutics into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Froimchuk
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Sean T. Carey
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Camilla Edwards
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21202
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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40
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Abudula T, Bhatt K, Eggermont LJ, O'Hare N, Memic A, Bencherif SA. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Peptide-Based Vaccines: Current State and Future Perspectives. Front Chem 2020; 8:598160. [PMID: 33195107 PMCID: PMC7662149 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.598160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the undeniable success of vaccination programs in preventing diseases, effective vaccines against several life-threatening infectious pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus are still unavailable. Vaccines are designed to boost the body's natural ability to protect itself against foreign pathogens. To enhance vaccine-based immunotherapies to combat infections, cancer, and other conditions, biomaterials have been harnessed to improve vaccine safety and efficacy. Recently, peptides engineered to self-assemble into specific nanoarchitectures have shown great potential as advanced biomaterials for vaccine development. These supramolecular nanostructures (i.e., composed of many peptides) can be programmed to organize into various forms, including nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoribbons, and hydrogels. Additionally, they have been designed to be responsive upon exposure to various external stimuli, providing new innovations in the development of smart materials for vaccine delivery and immunostimulation. Specifically, self-assembled peptides can provide cell adhesion sites, epitope recognition, and antigen presentation, depending on their biochemical and structural characteristics. Furthermore, they have been tailored to form exquisite nanostructures that provide improved enzymatic stability and biocompatibility, in addition to the controlled release and targeted delivery of immunomodulatory factors (e.g., adjuvants). In this mini review, we first describe the different types of self-assembled peptides and resulting nanostructures that have recently been investigated. Then, we discuss the recent progress and development trends of self-assembled peptide-based vaccines, their challenges, and clinical translatability, as well as their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Loek J Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nick O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Sorbonne University, UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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41
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Roth G, Gale EC, Alcántara-Hernández M, Luo W, Axpe E, Verma R, Yin Q, Yu AC, Lopez Hernandez H, Maikawa CL, Smith AAA, Davis MM, Pulendran B, Idoyaga J, Appel EA. Injectable Hydrogels for Sustained Codelivery of Subunit Vaccines Enhance Humoral Immunity. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1800-1812. [PMID: 33145416 PMCID: PMC7596866 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines aim to elicit a robust, yet targeted, immune response. Failure of a vaccine to elicit such a response arises in part from inappropriate temporal control over antigen and adjuvant presentation to the immune system. In this work, we sought to exploit the immune system's natural response to extended pathogen exposure during infection by designing an easily administered slow-delivery vaccine platform. We utilized an injectable and self-healing polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel platform to prolong the codelivery of vaccine components to the immune system. We demonstrated that these hydrogels exhibit unique delivery characteristics, whereby physicochemically distinct compounds (such as antigen and adjuvant) could be codelivered over the course of weeks. When administered in mice, hydrogel-based sustained vaccine exposure enhanced the magnitude, duration, and quality of the humoral immune response compared to standard PBS bolus administration of the same model vaccine. We report that the creation of a local inflammatory niche within the hydrogel, coupled with sustained exposure of vaccine cargo, enhanced the magnitude and duration of germinal center responses in the lymph nodes. This strengthened germinal center response promoted greater antibody affinity maturation, resulting in a more than 1000-fold increase in antigen-specific antibody affinity in comparison to bolus immunization. In summary, this work introduces a simple and effective vaccine delivery platform that increases the potency and durability of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie
A. Roth
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eneko Axpe
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Caitlin L. Maikawa
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anton A. A. Smith
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- The
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abstract
The evolution of rapidly proliferating infectious and tumorigenic diseases has resulted in an urgent need to develop new and improved intervention strategies. Among the many therapeutic strategies at our disposal, our immune system remains the gold-standard in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Vaccines have played an important role in eradicating or mitigating the spread of infectious diseases by bolstering our immunity. Despite their utility, the design and development of new, more effective vaccines remains a public health necessity. Peptide-based vaccines have been developed for a wide range of established and emerging infectious and tumorigenic diseases. New innovations in epitope design and selection, synthesis, and formulation as well as screening techniques against immunological targets have led to more effective peptide vaccines. Current and future work is geared toward the translation of peptide vaccines from preclinical to clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
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43
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Fries CN, Wu Y, Kelly SH, Wolf M, Votaw NL, Zauscher S, Collier JH. Controlled Lengthwise Assembly of Helical Peptide Nanofibers to Modulate CD8 + T-Cell Responses. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003310. [PMID: 32820582 PMCID: PMC7719602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nanofibers are useful for many biological applications, including immunotherapy, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The robust lengthwise assembly of these peptides into nanofibers is typically difficult to control, resulting in polydisperse fiber lengths and an incomplete understanding of how nanofiber length affects biological responses. Here, rationally designed capping peptides control the length of helical peptide nanofibers with unique precision. These designed peptides bind the tips of elongated nanofibers to shorten and narrow their length distributions. Demonstrating their use as immunotherapies, capped nanofibers are preferentially cross-presented by dendritic cells compared to uncapped nanofibers. Due to increased cross-presentation, these capped nanofibers trigger stronger CD8+ T-cell responses in mice than uncapped nanofibers. This strategy illustrates a means for controlling the length of supramolecular peptide nanofibers to modulate their immunogenicity in the context of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sean H Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Michelle Wolf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 3385 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, 3385 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Immunology, 1316 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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44
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Castelletto V, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Piras C, Cramer R, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Hamley IW. Peptide nanotubes self-assembled from leucine-rich alpha helical surfactant-like peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11977-11980. [PMID: 33033814 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The designed arginine-rich surfactant-like peptide R3L12 (arginine3-leucine12) is shown to form a remarkable diversity of self-assembled nanostructures in aqueous solution, depending on pH, including nanotubes, mesh-like tubular networks in three-dimensions and square planar arrays in two-dimensions. These structures are built from α-helical antiparallel coiled-coil peptide dimers arranged perpendicular to the nanotube axis, in a "cross-α" nanotube structure. The aggregation behavior is rationalized based on the effects of dimensionality, and the balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The nanotube and nanomesh structures display arginine at high density on their surfaces, which may be valuable for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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45
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Shores LS, Kelly SH, Hainline KM, Suwanpradid J, MacLeod AS, Collier JH. Multifactorial Design of a Supramolecular Peptide Anti-IL-17 Vaccine Toward the Treatment of Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1855. [PMID: 32973764 PMCID: PMC7461889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for chronic immune-mediated diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Crohn's disease commonly rely on cytokine neutralization using monoclonal antibodies; however, such approaches have drawbacks. Frequent repeated dosing can lead to the formation of anti-drug antibodies and patient compliance issues, and it is difficult to identify a single antibody that is broadly efficacious across diverse patient populations. As an alternative to monoclonal antibody therapy, anti-cytokine immunization is a potential means for long-term therapeutic control of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we report a supramolecular peptide-based approach for raising antibodies against IL-17 and demonstrate its efficacy in a murine model of psoriasis. B-cell epitopes from IL-17 were co-assembled with the universal T-cell epitope PADRE using the Q11 self-assembling peptide nanofiber system. These materials, with or without adjuvants, raised antibody responses against IL-17. Exploiting the modularity of the system, multifactorial experimental designs were used to select formulations maximizing titer and avidity. In a mouse model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod, unadjuvanted nanofibers had therapeutic efficacy, which could be enhanced with alum adjuvant but reversed with CpG adjuvant. Measurements of antibody subclass induced by adjuvanted and unadjuvanted formulations revealed strong correlations between therapeutic efficacy and titers of IgG1 (improved efficacy) or IgG2b (worsened efficacy). These findings have important implications for the development of anti-cytokine active immunotherapies and suggest that immune phenotype is an important metric for eliciting therapeutic anti-cytokine antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Shores
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sean H Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kelly M Hainline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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46
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Wu Y, Kelly SH, Sanchez-Perez L, Sampson JH, Collier JH. Comparative study of α-helical and β-sheet self-assembled peptide nanofiber vaccine platforms: influence of integrated T-cell epitopes. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3522-3535. [PMID: 32452474 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several different self-assembling peptide systems that form nanofibers have been investigated as vaccine platforms, but design principles for adjusting the character of the immune responses they raise have yet to be well articulated. Here we compared the immune responses raised by two structurally dissimilar peptide nanofibers, one a β-sheet fibrillar system (Q11), and one an α-helical nanofiber system (Coil29), hypothesizing that integrated T-cell epitopes within the latter would promote T follicular helper (Tfh) cell engagement and lead to improved antibody titers and quality. Despite significantly different internal structures, nanofibers of the two peptides exhibited surprisingly similar nanoscale morphologies, and both were capable of raising strong antibody responses to conjugated peptide epitopes in mice without adjuvant. Both were minimally inflammatory, but as hypothesized Coil29 nanofibers elicited antibody responses with higher titers and avidities against a conjugated model epitope (OVA323-339) and a candidate peptide epitope for vaccination against S. aureus. Subsequent investigation indicated that Coil29 nanofibers possessed internal CD4+ T cell epitopes: whereas Q11 nanofibers required co-assembly of additional CD4+ T cell epitopes to be immunogenic, Coil29 nanofibers did not. Coil29 nanofibers also raised stronger germinal center B cell responses and follicular helper T cell (Tfh) responses relative to Q11 nanofibers, likely facilitating the improvement of the antibody response. These findings illustrate design strategies for improving humoral responses raised by self-assembled peptide nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Functional materials and nanostructures have been widely used for enhancing the therapeutic potency and safety of current cancer immunotherapy. While profound nanostructures have been developed to participate in the development of cancer immunotherapy, the construction of intricate nanostructures with easy fabrication and functionalization properties to satisfy the diversified requirements in cancer immunotherapy are highly required. Hierarchical self-assembly using supramolecular interactions to manufacture organized architectures at multiple length scales represents an interesting and promising avenue for sophisticated nanostructure construction. In this mini-review, we will outline the recent progress made in the development of supramolecular self-assembled nanostructures for cancer immunotherapy, with special focus on the supramolecular interactions including supramolecular peptide assembly, supramolecular DNA assembly, lipid hydrophobic assembly, host-guest assembly, and biomolecular recognition assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, China
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48
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Zottig X, Côté-Cyr M, Arpin D, Archambault D, Bourgault S. Protein Supramolecular Structures: From Self-Assembly to Nanovaccine Design. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1008. [PMID: 32466176 PMCID: PMC7281494 DOI: 10.3390/nano10051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Life-inspired protein supramolecular assemblies have recently attracted considerable attention for the development of next-generation vaccines to fight against infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune diseases and cancer. Protein self-assembly enables atomic scale precision over the final architecture, with a remarkable diversity of structures and functionalities. Self-assembling protein nanovaccines are associated with numerous advantages, including biocompatibility, stability, molecular specificity and multivalency. Owing to their nanoscale size, proteinaceous nature, symmetrical organization and repetitive antigen display, protein assemblies closely mimic most invading pathogens, serving as danger signals for the immune system. Elucidating how the structural and physicochemical properties of the assemblies modulate the potency and the polarization of the immune responses is critical for bottom-up design of vaccines. In this context, this review briefly covers the fundamentals of supramolecular interactions involved in protein self-assembly and presents the strategies to design and functionalize these assemblies. Examples of advanced nanovaccines are presented, and properties of protein supramolecular structures enabling modulation of the immune responses are discussed. Combining the understanding of the self-assembly process at the molecular level with knowledge regarding the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses will support the design of safe and effective nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Zottig
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (X.Z.); (M.C.-C.); (D.A.)
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Côté-Cyr
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (X.Z.); (M.C.-C.); (D.A.)
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Dominic Arpin
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (X.Z.); (M.C.-C.); (D.A.)
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Denis Archambault
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (X.Z.); (M.C.-C.); (D.A.)
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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49
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Kelly SH, Wu Y, Varadhan AK, Curvino EJ, Chong AS, Collier JH. Enabling sublingual peptide immunization with molecular self-assemblies. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119903. [PMID: 32143059 PMCID: PMC7171596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Short peptides are poorly immunogenic when delivered sublingually - under the tongue. Nanomaterial delivery of peptides could be utilized to improve immunogenicity towards designed sublingual vaccines, but nanomaterials have not been widely successful in sublingual vaccines owing to the challenges of transport through the sublingual mucosa. Here, we report that the sublingual immunogenicity of peptides is negligible, even in the presence of sublingual adjuvants or when PEGylated, but can be dramatically enhanced by assembly into supramolecular polymer-peptide nanofibers bearing low-molecular weight PEG, optimally between 2000 and 3000 Da. Neither PEGylation nor a sublingual adjuvant were capable of rendering peptides immunogenic without assembly into nanofibers. We found that PEG decreased nanofiber interactions with mucin and promoted longer residence time at the sublingual immunization site. Parallel investigations with shortened nanofibers indicated that the size of the assemblies had a surprisingly negligible influence over sublingual immunogenicity. In mice, optimized formulations were capable of raising strong and highly durable systemic antibody responses, antibodies in the upper respiratory and reproductive tracts, and systemic antigen-specific T-cell responses. These nanofiber-based sublingual vaccines were effective with both protein and nucleotide adjuvants and raised responses against both a model peptide epitope and a peptide epitope from M. tuberculosis. Further, PASylation (modification of nanofibers with peptide sequences rich in Pro, Ala, and Ser) could be substituted for PEGylation to also achieve sublingual immunogenicity. These findings indicated that surface properties supersede nanomaterial size in modulating sublingual nanomaterial immunogenicity, having important implications for the design of synthetic sublingual vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Ajay K Varadhan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Curvino
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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Bhardwaj P, Bhatia E, Sharma S, Ahamad N, Banerjee R. Advancements in prophylactic and therapeutic nanovaccines. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:1-21. [PMID: 32268235 PMCID: PMC7163188 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines activate suitable immune responses to fight against diseases but can possess limitations such as compromised efficacy and immunogenic responses, poor stability, and requirement of adherence to multiple doses. ‘Nanovaccines’ have been explored to elicit a strong immune response with the advantages of nano-sized range, high antigen loading, enhanced immunogenicity, controlled antigen presentation, more retention in lymph nodes and promote patient compliance by a lower frequency of dosing. Various types of nanoparticles with diverse pathogenic or foreign antigens can help to overcome immunotolerance and alleviate the need of booster doses as required with conventional vaccines. Nanovaccines have the potential to induce both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity and can render long-lasting immunogenic memory. With such properties, nanovaccines have shown high potential for the prevention of infectious diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and cancer. Their therapeutic potential has also been explored in the treatment of cancer. The various kinds of nanomaterials used for vaccine development and their effects on immune system activation have been discussed with special relevance to their implications in various pathological conditions. Statement of Significance Interaction of nanoparticles with the immune system has opened multiple avenues to combat a variety of infectious and non-infectious pathological conditions. Limitations of conventional vaccines have paved the path for nanomedicine associated benefits with a hope of producing effective nanovaccines. This review highlights the role of different types of nanovaccines and the role of nanoparticles in modulating the immune response of vaccines. The applications of nanovaccines in infectious and non-infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS, influenza, and cancers have been discussed. It will help the readers develop an understanding of mechanisms of immune activation by nanovaccines and design appropriate strategies for novel nanovaccines.
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